☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ( 15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately ~~$42,668,022.~~$29,451,500.

As of ~~August 16, 2019,~~June 25, 2020, there were ~~62,348,301~~98,606,884 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 includes restated audited financial statements (and related disclosures) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. This Form 10-K amends and restates consolidated financial statements of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. (“the Company”), for the fiscal year ended~~March 31, 2018~~ ~~and an adjustment to the balances as of March 31, 2017 previously reported in the Annual Report onForm 10-K~~ of the Company for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, as originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018 (the “Original Filing”). This Form 10-K amends the Original Filing of the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 to reflect the correction of an error in the previously reported fiscal year 2018 and fiscal year 2017 consolidated financial statements related to the Company’s classification of certain warrants as equity rather than as liabilities.

~~In addition, this Form 10-K provides a revised audit report on the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.~~

The Company will be also be filing amended Quarterly Reports for the quarterly periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, September 30, 2018 and 2017 and June 30, 2018 and 2017 to restate the previously issued interim financial statements due to the accounting error described above. All earnings press releases and similar communications issued by us, for such period, should not be relied upon and are superseded in their entirety by this Form 10-K.

The Company has concluded that certain warrants issued in March and May 2017 and in March and August 2018 were required to be classified as liabilities since characteristics of derivative instruments were met and the warrants did not qualify for equity classification.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements under Section 21E of the Exchange Act and other federal securities laws that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control including without limitation the following: (i) our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations and intentions are subject to change at any time at our discretion; (ii) our plans and results of operations will be affected by our ability to manage growth; and (iii) other risks and uncertainties indicated from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or “SEC”).

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,’’ “will,’’ “should,’’ “could,’’ “expects,’’ “plans,’’ “intends,’’ “anticipates,’’ “believes,’’ “estimates,’’ “predicts,’’ “seeks,” “potential,’’ or “continue’’ or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of such statements.

These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof. We are under no duty to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this report or to provide any assurance with respect to future performance or results. You are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and should read this report thoroughly with the understanding that the actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements for many reasons, including, without limitation, unforeseen events beyond management’s control and assumptions that prove to be inaccurate or unfounded. The following list of examples, while not exclusive or exhaustive, includes some of the many possible unforeseen developments that may cause actual results to differ from anticipated or desired results:

As used in this Annual Report, the terms ~~“we”, “us”, “our”,~~“we,” “us,” “our,” “Ecoark Holdings” and ~~“Ecoark Holdings”~~the “Company” mean Ecoark Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, ~~(the “Company”),~~ unless otherwise indicated.

Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, all product names and trade names used in this Annual Report are the Company's trademarks, although the “®” and “™” trademark designations may have been omitted. Except as otherwise indicated, dollar amounts and numbers of shares that follow in this report are presented in thousands, except per share amounts.

~~Overview~~Ecoark Holdings, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on November 19, 2007 under the name Magnolia Star Corporation (“Magnolia Star”). On March 24, 2016, Magnolia consummated a reverse merger with Ecoark, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ecoark”), pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 29, 2016 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among, Magnolia Solar, Magnolia Solar Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Magnolia Star (the “Merger Sub”), and Ecoark. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Ecoark with Ecoark surviving the Merger and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). At the effective time of the Merger, each share of issued and outstanding Ecoark common stock was automatically converted into 0.5 shares of Magnolia Star common stock. On March 18, 2016, Magnolia Star filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada thereby changing its name to Ecoark Holdings, Inc.

The Merger was intended to constitute a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 368 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In accordance with the accounting treatment for a “reverse merger,” the Company’s historical financial statements prior to the Merger was replaced with the historical financial statements of Ecoark prior to the Merger. The financial statements after completion of the reverse merger include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the combined company from and after the closing date of the reverse merger, with only certain aspects of pre-consummation stockholders’ equity remaining in the consolidated financial statements.

On March 31, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada therein increasing the number of its authorized shares of common stock from 100,000 to 200,000 shares, effective March 31, 2020. The increase was approved by the Company’s shareholders at its annual stockholders meeting held on February 27, 2020. The 5,000 authorized shares of “blank check” preferred stock were unchanged by the reverse stock split.

Through its subsidiaries, the Company is engaged in three separate and distinct business segments: (i) technology; (ii) commodities; and (iii) financial.

Zest Labs offers the Zest Fresh solution, a breakthrough approach to quality management of fresh food, is specifically designed to help substantially reduce the $161 billion amount of food loss the U.S. experiences each year.

Banner Midstream is engaged in oil and gas exploration, production and drilling operations on over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Banner Midstream also provides transportation and logistics services and procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors.

Trend Holding’s primary asset is Trend Discovery Capital Management. Trend Discovery Capital Management provides services and collects fees from entities. Trend Holdings invests in a select number of early stage startups each year as part of the fund’s Venture Capital strategy.

440IoT is a cloud and mobile software developer based near Boston, Massachusetts and is a software development and information solutions provider for cloud, mobile, and IoT (Internet of Things) applications.

On May 31, 2019, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Trend Discovery Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Trend Holdings”) for the Company to acquire 100% of Trend Holdings pursuant to a merger of Trend Holdings with and into the Company (the “Merger”). The ~~Company committed to a plan to focus its business~~Merger was completed on ~~Zest Labs~~the May 31, 2019 and ~~divested non-core assets in 2019 that included assets of Pioneer Products, LLC (“Pioneer Products” or “Pioneer”) and Magnolia Solar, Inc. (“Magnolia Solar”). Those assets are reported~~ as ~~held for sale and their operations are reported as discontinued operations~~agreed in the ~~consolidated~~Merger Agreement, the Company is the surviving entity in the Merger and the separate corporate existence of Trend Holdings has ceased to exist.

Trend Holding’s primary asset is Trend Discovery Capital Management. Trend Discovery Capital Management provides services and collects fees from entities including Trend Discovery LP and Trend Discovery SPV I. Trend Discovery LP and Trend Discovery SPV I invest in securities. Neither Trend Holdings nor Trend Discovery Capital Management invest in securities or have any role in the purchase of securities by Trend Discovery LP and Trend Discovery SPV I. In the near-term, Trend Discovery LP’s performance will be driven by its investment in Volans-i, a fully autonomous vertical takeoff and landing (“VTOL”) drone delivery platform. Trend Discovery LP currently owns approximately 1% of Volans-i and has participation rights to future financings to maintain its ownership at 1% indefinitely. More information can be found at flyvoly.com.

The Company does not intend to acquire any other companies in the financial ~~statements.~~ services industry.

On March 27, 2020, the Company acquired Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream”), pursuant a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 27, 2020 (the “Banner Purchase Agreement”), between the Company and Banner Energy Services, Inc., a Nevada corporation and former parent company of Banner Midstream (“Banner Parent”). Pursuant to the Banner Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Banner Midstream in consideration for 8,945 shares of common stock of the Company valued at $0.544 per share and assumed up to $11,774 in short-term and long-term debt of Banner Midstream and its subsidiaries.

Banner Midstream has four operating subsidiaries: Pinnacle Frac Transport LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Pinnacle Frac”); Capstone Equipment Leasing LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Capstone”); White River Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (“White River”); and Shamrock Upstream Energy LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Shamrock”). Pinnacle Frac provides transportation of frac sand and logistics services to major hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations. Capstone procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors. These two operating subsidiaries of Banner Midstream are revenue producing entities. White River and Shamrock are engaged in oil and gas exploration, production, and drilling operations on over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

The ~~subsidiary Eco3d, LLC (“Eco3d”)~~Company issued 8,945 shares of common stock (which Banner Parent issued to certain of its noteholders) and assumed $11,774 in debt and lease liabilities of Banner Midstream, per the Banner Purchase Agreement. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and another director recused themselves from all board discussions on the acquisition of Banner Midstream as they are stockholders and/or noteholders of Banner Midstream. The transaction was ~~sold on April 14, 2017~~approved by all of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Chairman and CEO of Banner Parent is a former officer of the Company and is ~~also reported as held for sale~~currently the Principal Accounting Officer of the Company and ~~discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements.~~ Chief Executive Officer and President of Banner Midstream.

The Company has ~~20 employees of continuing operations and no employees of discontinued operations as~~secured a commitment for a $35 million long-term loan from an institutional lender to make additional investments in the energy sector. The supply-side shock from OPEC production increases coupled with the demand-side impact of the ~~date~~COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to drive oil prices to historic lows, resulting in unprecedented investment opportunities. This financing positions the Company to take advantage of ~~this filing.~~these unique investment opportunities in the energy market. The loan commitment specifies a 20-year term and will carry a 6.25% interest rate. The agreement is pending final review and is not guaranteed to close.

~~Our~~The Company converted all principal ~~executive offices are located~~and interest in Trend SPV’s credit facility into shares of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2020. The conversion of approximately $2,525 of principal and $290 of accrued interest resulted in the issuance of 3,855 shares of common stock at 5899 Preston Road #505, Frisco, Texas 75034, and our telephone number is (479) 259-2977. Our website address is http://zestlabs.com/. Our website and the information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website will not be deemed to be incorporated by referencea value of $0.59 per share. This transaction resulted in ~~and are not considered part~~a gain of ~~this report.~~$541 upon conversion.

~~Ecoark Holdings’ continuing operations focus on solutions offered by Zest Labs.~~

Zest Labs offers freshness management solutions for fresh food growers, suppliers, processors, distributors, grocers and restaurants. Its Zest Fresh solution is a cloud-based post-harvest shelf-life and freshness management solution that improves delivered freshness of produce and protein and reduces post-harvest losses at the retailer due to temperature handling and processing by 50% or more by intelligently matching customer freshness requirements with actual product freshness. It focuses on four primary value propositions – operational efficiency, consistent food freshness, reduced waste, and improved food safety. Zest Fresh empowers workers with real-time analytic tools and alerts that improve efficiency while driving quality consistency through best practice adherence at a pallet level. Zest Labs also offers its Zest Delivery solution that provides real-time monitoring and control for prepared food delivery containers, helping delivery and dispatch personnel ensure the quality and safety of delivered food.

On June 6, 2019, Zest Labsannounced a strategic collaboration between AgroFresh and Zest Labs to strengthen their end-to-end solutions. AgroFresh will incorporate Zest Labs’ Zest Fresh™ solution into its FreshCloud™ Transit Insights platform. The agreement will utilize both companies’ resources and strengths to provide customers with a comprehensive solution that improves operations, increases visibility into produce shelf-life and reduces food waste.

Zest Labs was ~~previously known as~~incorporated in the State of Delaware on September 23, 2004 under the name Intelleflex Corporation. Effective on October 28, 2016, Intelleflex Corporation changed its name to Zest Labs, Inc. to align its corporate name with its mission and the brand name of its products and services.

The Zest Fresh value proposition is to reduce fresh food loss by improving quality consistency. In the U.S. produce market, it is reported that roughly 30% of post-harvest fresh food is lost or wasted and therefore not consumed. Both fresh food producers and retailers bear significant expense when harvested food is either rejected due to early spoilage or reduced in value due to early ripening. Zest Labs believes that a significant portion of this waste can be attributed to inconsistent quality or freshness based on variable post-harvest processing and handling. Fresh food producers and retailers manage food distribution and inventory based on the harvest date, with the assumption that all food harvested on the same day will have the same freshness. However, studies have shown that harvest conditions and post-harvest handling can have a significant effect on the actual remaining freshness and, if not properly accounted for, can result in food loss or spoilage ahead of expectations. Zest Fresh empowers fresh food producers and retailers to significantly reduce the post-harvest loss by providing real-time guidance to process adherence, intelligent distribution and best handling practices, with a goal of providing significant financial savings to fresh food producers and retailers.

Zest Labs has developed the industry’s first freshness metric called the Zest Intelligent Pallet Routing Code (“ZIPR Code”). The ZIPR Code has three main components: (i) Harvest Quality which sets total freshness capacity (for example, 12 days for strawberries), (ii) Handling Impact which reflects aging acceleration due to improper handling, and (iii) Future Handling which accurately reflects how the product will be handled (for example, store shelf temperature may be 40 degrees Fahrenheit instead of the ideal 34 degrees Fahrenheit).

Zest Fresh is offered to fresh food producers, processors, distributors, restaurants and grocers with pricing based on the number of pallets managed by Zest Fresh, typically from the field harvest through retail grocery delivery. The Zest Fresh service includes a re-usable wireless Internet of Things (“IoT”) condition sensor that travels with the pallet of fresh food from the field or processor through retail delivery, continuously collecting product condition data. The collected pallet product data is analyzed, using artificial intelligence-based predictive analytics in real time by the Zest Fresh cloud-based solution, with the fresh food producers and retailers accessing data through Zest Fresh web and mobile applications. Zest Fresh provides workers with real-time feedback on the current handling or processing of each pallet, empowering best practice adherence to achieve maximum freshness. Zest Fresh also provides dynamic updates as to actual product freshness for each pallet, enabling intelligent routing and inventory management of each pallet in a manner that ensures optimum delivered freshness. Zest Fresh also includes integrated blockchain support to grower and shipper customers via the Zest Fresh platform.

Zest Labs’ Zest Delivery solution helps to manage prepared food delivery from the restaurant through to the customer. Zest Delivery manages the delivery container environment, both monitoring and controlling the product condition. The value of Zest Delivery is to manage prepared meals in an ideal state for consumption, while accommodating extended pre-staging or delivery times. Extended pre-staging times are associated with “instant delivery” services of prepared meals, where the meals are often pre-staged in a delivery area ahead of demand. While pre-staging enables fast demand response time, it can result in prepared meals being staged for extended periods, which can potentially impact quality, value and safety. Zest Delivery monitors and controls the delivery container environment to preserve the prepared meal in ideal, ready to consume condition. Zest Delivery also provides the dispatcher with real-time remote visibility to the condition of available meals and confirming quality prior to dispatch. Zest Delivery provides automated, real-time visibility for a very distributed fleet of drivers, reflecting prepared meal food safety, quality and availability. Zest Delivery is offered to meal delivery companies based on the quantity of delivery containers and frequency of use.

Zest Labs currently holds rights to 6769 U.S. patents (with additional patents pending), numerous related foreign patents, and U.S. copyrights relating to certain aspects of its Zest software, hardware devices including Radio-Frequency Identification (“RFID”) technology, software, and services. In addition, Zest Labs has registered, and/or has applied to register trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and a number of foreign countries for “Intelleflex,” the Intelleflex logo, “Zest,” “Zest Data Services,” and the Zest, Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery logos, and numerous other trademarks and service marks. Many of Zest Labs’ products have been designed to include licensed intellectual property obtained from third-parties. Laws and regulations related to wireless communications devices in the jurisdictions in which Zest Labs operates and seeks to operate are extensive and subject to change. Wireless communication devices, such as RFID readers, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment dates.

Although most components essential to Zest Labs’ business are generally available from multiple sources, certain key components including, but not limited to, microprocessors, enclosures, certain RFID or other wireless custom integrated circuits, and application-specific integrated circuits are currently obtained by Zest Labs from single or limited sources, principally in Asia.

Zest Labs is part of a very competitive industry that markets solutions to fresh food supply chain users, such as fresh food growers, producers and retailers. Many other companies that are both more established and command much greater resources compete in this market. While Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery offer new technical approaches and new user value, it remains uncertain if Zest Labs will gain sufficient adoption of its products to make them viable in the market. Further, it is unclear what industry competitors are developing that might address similar user needs. Zest Labs’ products provide a new approach for industry participants, and as with any new approach, adoption is uncertain as many in the industry can be slow to embrace new technology and/or new approaches. These market challenges can lead to extended sales cycles that may include extended pilot testing often at Zest Labs’ expense, for which the outcome remains unclear until the completion of each test. For these reasons, and others, forecasting new business adoption and future revenue can be very difficult and ~~volatile. However,~~volatile; however, the Company believes that Zest Fresh offers fresh food retailers, growers, shippers, processors and distributors an opportunity to differentiate their businesses in ways that the shipment of canned and boxed food products cannot, as competition in the agriculture, grocery, food service and restaurant markets continues to accelerate.

The acquisition of 440labs in May 2017 allowed Zest Labs to internally maintain its software development and information solutions for cloud, mobile, and IoT applications. 440labs had been a key development partner with Zest Labs for more than four years prior to the May 2017 acquisition, contributing its expertise in scalable enterprise cloud solutions and mobile applications.

Before we acquired Trend Holdings in May 2019 by merging Trend Holdings with and into the Company, Trend Holdings was a financial services holding company with two primary subsidiaries: Trend Discovery Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Trend Capital Management”), and Barrier Crest, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Barrier Crest”).

Trend Capital Management was founded in 2011 and was Trend Holding’s primary asset. Trend Capital Management provides services and collects fees from entities including Trend LP and Trend SPV, both of which invest in securities. Trend Capital Management neither invests in securities nor have any role in Tend LP and Trend SPV’s purchase of securities. The investment capital in Trend LP and Trend SPV is from individual limited partners, and not from the Company.

In the near-term, Trend LP’s performance will be driven by its investment in Volans-i, a fully autonomous vertical takeoff and landing drone delivery platform (“Volans”). Trend LP currently owns approximately 1% of Volans and has participation rights to future financings to maintain such ownership at 1% indefinitely. More information can be found at website. www.flyvoly.com, the contents of which are not incorporated into this report.

Barrier Crest provides fund administration and fund formation services to institutional investors. Barrier Crest provides fund administration services to Trend LP and Trend SPV.

Banner Midstream has four operating subsidiaries: Pinnacle Frac, Capstone, White River, and Shamrock. Pinnacle Frac provides transportation of frac sand and logistics services to major hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations. Capstone procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors. These two operating subsidiaries of Banner Midstream are revenue producing entities. White River and Shamrock are engaged in oil and gas exploration, production, and drilling operations on over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

Discontinued Operations of Ecoark Holdings Inc (prior to acquisition of Banner Midstream):

Pioneer Products, LLC, an Arkansas limited liability company (“Pioneer Products”) was located in Rogers, Arkansas and was involved in the selling of recycled plastic products and other products. ~~It sold to the world’s largest retailer.~~ Pioneer Products recovered plastic waste from retail supply chains and converted the reclaimed material into new consumer products which completed a closed loop and reduced waste sent to landfills. Pioneer Products was purchased by Ecoark, Inc. in 2012. Pioneer Products acquired Sable Polymer Solutions, LLC (“Sable”) in a stock transaction on May 3, 2016. ~~Since that date, Sable’s results have been included with Pioneer Products.~~ In May 2018 the Ecoark Holdings Board of Directors (“Board”) approved a plan to sell Pioneer and Sable. Pioneer concluded operations in February 2019, and the sale of ~~Sable~~Sable’s assets was completed in March 2019. Relevant assets and liabilities are classified as held for sale and operations are classified as discontinued in the consolidated financial statements.

Magnolia Solar, Inc. is located in Albany, New York and iswas principally engaged in the development and commercialization of nanotechnology-based, high-efficiency, thin-film technology that can be deposited on a variety of substrates, including glass and flexible structures. Magnolia Solar was a subsidiary of Magnolia Solar Corporation that merged with Ecoark Inc. (“Ecoark”) on March 24, 2016 to create Ecoark Holdings and continued as a subsidiary of Ecoark Holdings. In May 2018 the Ecoark Holdings Board approved a plan to sell Magnolia Solar, and the sale was completed in May 2019. Relevant assets and liabilities are classified as held for sale and operations are classified as discontinued in the consolidated financial statements.

Banner Midstream made the decision to discontinue the operations of its wholly owned subsidiary, Pinnacle Vac Service LLC (“Pinnacle Vac”) effective October 31, 2018 due to the inability of Pinnacle Vac’s management to develop a sustainable, profitable business model. All of the non-managerial staff of Pinnacle Vac were terminated on October 23, 2018 and all of its oilfield services operations were terminated on October 23, 2018.

The managerial staff of Pinnacle Vac was terminated on November 15, 2018 and Pinnacle Vac’s rental facility at Sligo Rd was vacated on November 15, 2018.

Pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations, ASC-20-45-1B, paragraph 360-10-45-15, Pinnacle Vac will be disposed of other than by sale via an abandonment and termination of operations with no intent to classify the entity or assets as Available for Sale. Pursuant to ASC 205-20-45-3A, the results of operations of Pinnacle Vac from inception to discontinuation of operations will be reclassified to a separate component of income, below Net Income/(Loss), as a Loss on Discontinued Operations.

All of the equipment assets of Pinnacle Vac and the related loan liabilities will be subsequently transitioned into Capstone to continue servicing the debt. The remaining current assets of Pinnacle Vac will be used to settle any outstanding current liabilities of Pinnacle Vac. A loss contingency will be recorded if any of the outstanding liabilities or obligations of Pinnacle Vac resulting from this abandonment are reasonably estimable and likely to be incurred.

Zest Labs operates in markets for products and services that are highly competitive and face aggressive competition in all areas of their business.

The market for cloud-based, real-time supply chain analytic solutions—the market in which Zest Labs competes—is rapidly evolving. There are several new competitors with competing technologies, including companies that have greater resources than Ecoark Holdings, which operate in this space. Some of these companies are subsidiaries of large publicly traded companies that have brand recognition, established ~~customer~~ relationships with retailers, and own the manufacturing process.

Trend Holdings and its subsidiaries have significant competition from larger companies with greater assets and resources.

Banner Midstream expects to encounter intense competition from entities having a business objective similar to theirs. Some of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources than they do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe that there are numerous potential target businesses that we could acquire, our ability to compete in acquiring certain sizable target businesses will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain target businesses.

Zest Labs sells its products and services principally through direct sales efforts and the utilization of third-party agents. Zest Labs has marketing operations and programs for demand generation, public relations, and branding/messaging that are scaled based on market engagement and available resources.

Trend Holdings and its subsidiaries provide fund administration and fund formation services to institutional investors and market their services through private marketing.

Banner Midstream sells and provides services to its customers via a blanket master services agreement (MSA). Banner Midstream sells hydrocarbon to midstream providers such as Plains Marketing L.P.

Laws and regulations related to wireless communications devices in the jurisdictions in which Zest Labs seeks to operate are extensive and subject to change. Wireless communication devices, such as RFID readers, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment dates. The Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”), is responsible for the assignment of spectrum for non-government use in the United States in accordance with regulations established by an international organization known as the International Telecommunications Union (the “ITU”). Any ITU or FCC reallocation of radio frequency spectrum, including frequency band segmentation or sharing of spectrum, could cause interference with the reception of GPS signals and may materially and adversely affect the utility and reliability of Zest Labs’ products, which would, in turn, cause a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Oil and gas production are regulated under a wide range of federal and state statutes, rules, orders and regulations. State and federal statutes and regulations require permits for drilling operations, drilling bonds and reports concerning operations. The states in which we operate, Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and New Mexico (the “Territory”), have regulations governing conservation matters, including provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil and gas properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production from oil and gas wells, the regulation of spacing, and requirements for plugging and abandonment of wells. Also, states in the Territory impose a severance tax on production and sales of oil, and gas within its jurisdiction. Failure to comply with these rules and regulations can result in substantial penalties. Our competitors in the oil and gas industry are subject to the same regulatory requirements and restrictions that affect our operations.

We are currently not experiencing any material expenses related to the environmental compliance. Please review Risk Factors in Item 1A of this report with regard to potential environmental compliance expenses.

We have devoted a substantial amount of our resources to software and hardware development activities in recent years, principally for the Zest Labs initiatives. Ecoark Holdings believes that, analyzing the competitive factors affecting the market for the solutions and services its subsidiaries provide, its ~~products/~~products and services compete favorably by offering integrated solutions to ~~their~~ customers. The Company has incurred research and development expenses of ~~$3,320~~$2,472 and ~~$5,576~~$3,320 in the years ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, to develop its solutions and differentiate those solutions from competitive offerings.

We incurred no capitalized software development costs in the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

The Company, through Zest Labs, currently holds rights to 69 U.S. patents (with additional patents pending), numerous related foreign patents, and U.S. copyrights relating to certain aspects of its Zest software, hardware devices including Radio-Frequency Identification (“RFID”) technology, software, and services. In addition, Zest Labs has registered, and/or has applied to register trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and a number of foreign countries for “Intelleflex,” the Intelleflex logo, “Zest,” “Zest Data Services,” and the Zest, Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery logos, and numerous other trademarks and service marks. Many of Zest Labs’ products have been designed to include licensed intellectual property obtained from third-parties. Laws and regulations related to wireless communications devices in the jurisdictions in which Zest Labs operates and seeks to operate are extensive and subject to change. Wireless communication devices, such as RFID readers, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment dates.

Banner Midstream is pursuing additional purchases of machinery and equipment to become a fully vertically integrated exploration and production company.

No foreign operations are expected in connection with the Company’s business.

Our business experiences a certain level of seasonality due to Banner Midstream’s oil and gas exploration and transportation business. Demand for oil, natural gas and energy is typically higher in the third and fourth quarters resulting in higher prices. Due to these seasonal fluctuations, results of operations for individual quarterly periods may not be indicative of the results that may be realized on an annual basis. Seasonal weather conditions and lease stipulations can limit drilling and producing activities and other oil and natural gas operations in a portion of our operating areas of trucking business. These seasonal anomalies can pose challenges for the drilling objectives and can increase competition for equipment, supplies and personnel during the spring and summer months, which could lead to shortages and increase costs or delay operations, thus, lowering the demand for trucking services.

From time to time we may have customers generating 10 percent or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues, and loss of such customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

At March 31, 2020, we had 36 full time employees, and 98 owner-operator truck drivers leased on to Pinnacle Frac. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our employee relations to be positive.

There are numerous risks affecting our business, many of which are beyond our control. An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk and may not be appropriate for investors who cannot afford to lose their entire investment. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. In addition to the risks outlined below, risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations.

Potential risks and uncertainties that could affect our operating results and financial condition include, without limitation, the following:

We have experienced losses since our founding. A failure to obtain profitability and achieve consistent positive cash flows would have a significant adverse effect on our business.

We have incurred operating losses since our inception, including a reported net loss of $12,137 for the year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to $13,650 for the year ended March 31, 2019. Net cash used in operating activities was $5,490 for the year ended March 31, ~~2019 was $9,040. We expect~~2020, as compared to ~~continue to incur~~net cash used in operating ~~losses through at least~~activities of $9,040 for the ~~fiscal~~ year ended March 31, ~~2020.~~2019. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had cash (including restricted cash) of ~~$244,~~$406, a working capital deficit of ~~$5,045,~~$16,689, and an accumulated deficit of ~~$115,886.~~$128,023. Some of our debt and equity instruments may contain derivative liabilities which may result in variability in our working capital deficit as these liabilities are re-measured each reporting period. ~~To date,~~Prior to the acquisition of Banner Midstream, we have funded our operations principally through the sale of our capital stock and debt instruments. We

In their audit report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, our independent auditors reported that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern to carry out our business plan. Although, we alleviated the substantial doubt for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as a result of the Company raising over $6 million in the exercise of warrants and the entering into a $35 million secured funding for our new business venture with Banner Midstream, the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has brought uncertainty to the global workforce as well as the capital markets.

The COVID-19 worldwide pandemic has disrupted the global economy and supply chains.

The short-term and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including actions taken by businesses and governments, have adversely affected the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and created significant volatility in the financial markets. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operation and liquidity will ~~need~~depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Disruptions and/or uncertainties related to ~~generate significant revenues~~the COVID-19 pandemic for a sustained period of time could result in delays or modifications to the Company’s strategic plans and initiatives and hinder the Company’s ability to achieve ~~profitability, and~~its strategic goals.

We cannot predict our future results because we ~~cannot assure you~~have a limited operating history.

Given our limited operating history, it may be difficult to evaluate our performance or prospects. You should consider the uncertainties that we ~~will ever realize revenues at such levels.~~ may encounter as a company that should still be considered an early stage company. These uncertainties include:

If we ~~do achieve profitability in any period,~~are not able to address successfully some or all of these uncertainties, we may not be able to ~~sustain~~expand our business, compete effectively or ~~increase our profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.~~achieve profitability.

We may require additional financing to support our operations. ~~Such financing may only be available on disadvantageous terms, or may not be available at all.~~ Any new equity financing could have a substantial dilutive effect on our existing stockholders.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, we had cash (including restricted cash) of ~~$244,~~$406, a working capital deficit of ~~$5,045,~~$16,689, and an accumulated deficit of ~~$115,886.~~$128,023. While we expect cash ~~will~~can be provided by a ~~$10,000 credit facility, we may need~~$35,000 secured debt financing, the final agreement is still pending and not guaranteed to ~~raise additional~~close. The Company has also raised substantial operating cash through the exercise of our warrants issued in capital ~~and our cash position may decline in~~raises over the ~~future. We may not be successful in maintaining an adequate level of cash resources.~~past two years. We continue to seek additional financing in order to support ~~our operations.~~current operations as well as potential vertical integration of existing assets or operations of similar companies. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on satisfactory terms, or at all, and any new equity financing could have a substantial dilutive effect on our existing stockholders and or contain complex terms subject to derivative accounting. Our operating results from our commodities segment and financial segment should be in position to provide for positive cash flow to assist in the support of our technology segment and holding company related costs.

Banner Midstream has devoted substantially all of their financial resources to purchase new equipment and to acquire existing businesses in the states of Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and New Mexico (the “Territory”). Banner Midstream had financed their operations primarily through the issuance of debt securities. The amount of their future net losses will depend, in part, on successful implementation of their business strategy, continuous increase in demand of tracking and freight services to maintain the oil-related enterprises, the rate of our future expenditures and our ability to obtain funding through the issuance of our securities, strategic collaborations with key customers. Trucking business development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. Banner Midstream is in the early stages of acquiring existing businesses and establishing operations of our wholly owned subsidiaries on the Territory. It may be several years, if ever, before the Company becomes profitable.

Our future revenue will depend upon the size of the markets which we target and our ability to achieve continuous and sufficient market acceptance.

Even if we enter all necessary agreements with key customers in the oil industry and purchase enough equipment to satisfy the demand for freight services in the market, our future revenue will depend upon the size of the markets which we target and our ability to achieve continuous and sufficient market acceptance, and such factors as pricing, reimbursement from third-party payors and adequate market share for our services at the target markets.

We anticipate that the Banner Midstream expenses will increase substantially if and as they:

Any additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to control the operational costs.

We cannot guarantee that future financing will be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Moreover, the terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of holders of our securities and the issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our shares to decline. The incurrence of indebtedness could result in increased fixed payment obligations, and we may be required to agree to certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire or sell other entities and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. We could also be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or otherwise at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable, and we may be required to relinquish rights to some of our current master service agreements or otherwise agree to terms unfavorable to us, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects. Even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans, we may seek additional capital if market conditions are favorable or if we have specific strategic considerations.

If we ~~cannot~~are unable to obtain ~~additional financing,~~funding on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly curtail, delay or discontinue one or more of the lines of operations of our wholly owned subsidiaries or be unable to expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities, as desired, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We will not be able to ~~achieve the sales growth that~~develop or continue our business if we ~~need~~fail to ~~cover our costs,~~attract and ~~our results of operations would be negatively affected.~~retain key personnel.

~~The Company, specifically Zest Labs, is engaged in discussions with potential customers and partners to significantly increase revenues and expand operations. The~~Our future success depends on our ability to ~~successfully resolve these factors raises substantial doubt about~~attract, hire, train and retain a number of highly skilled employees and on the ~~Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.~~service and performance of our senior management team and other key personnel. The ~~consolidated financial statements~~loss of the ~~Company do not include any adjustments that~~services of our executive officers or other key employees could adversely affect our business. Competition for qualified personnel possessing the skills necessary to implement our strategy is intense, and we may ~~result from~~fail to attract or retain the ~~outcome of the uncertainties.~~employees necessary to execute our business model successfully. We have obtained “key person” life insurance policies covering certain employees.

~~We cannot predict~~Our success will depend to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our ~~future results because we have a limited operating history.~~

~~Given our limited operating history, it may~~key management, engineering and other personnel, many of whom would be difficult to ~~evaluate~~replace. In particular, we believe that our ~~performance~~future success is highly dependent on Randy May, our Chief Executive Officer, and Peter Mehring, President of Zest Labs. If Messrs. May or ~~prospects. You should consider~~Mehring, or any other key members of our management team, leave our employment, our business could suffer, and the ~~uncertainties~~share price of our common stock could decline.

We intend to pursue continued growth through opportunities to acquire companies or assets that will enable us to expand our product and service offerings and to increase our geographic footprint. We routinely review potential acquisitions. However, we may ~~encounter as a company that should still~~ be ~~considered an early stage company. These uncertainties include:~~unable to implement this growth strategy if we cannot reach agreement on potential strategic acquisitions on acceptable terms or for other reasons. Moreover, our acquisition strategy involves certain risks, including:

Future acquisitions may require us to ~~address successfully some~~obtain additional equity or ~~all of these uncertainties, we~~debt financing, which may not be ~~able to expand our business, compete effectively or achieve profitability.~~available on current attractive market terms.

~~Recent sales have been highly concentrated with a few major customers, and loss of a major customer would have an adverse effect on our business.~~Risks Factors Relating to Zest Labs

As disclosed in our consolidated financial statements, sales to major customers represent significant percentages of total sales. Such a loss could have a negative impact on our business and cash flows.

If we are unable to develop and generate additional demand for our services or products, we will likely suffer serious harm to our business.

We have invested significant resources in developing and marketing our services and products. Some of our services and products are often considered complex and involve a new approach to the conduct of business by our customers. As a result, intensive marketing and sales efforts may be necessary to educate prospective customers regarding the uses and benefits of our services and products in order to generate additional demand. The market for our services and products may weaken, competitors may develop superior offerings, or we may fail to develop acceptable solutions to address new market conditions. Any one of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.

Undetected errors or failures in our software, products or services could result in loss or delay in the market acceptance for our products or lost sales.

Because our software services and products, and the environments in which they operate, are complex, our software and products may contain errors that can be detected at any point in its lifecycle. While we continually test our services and products for errors, errors may be found at any time in the future. Detection of any significant errors may result in, among other things, loss of, or delay in, market acceptance and sales of our services and products, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation, increased service and warranty costs, license terminations or renegotiations or costly litigation. Additionally, because our services and products support or rely on other systems and applications, any software or hardware errors or defects in these systems or applications may result in errors in the performance of our service or products, and it may be difficult or impossible to determine where the error resides.

We may not be competitive, and increased competition could seriously harm our business.

Relative to us, some of our current competitors or potential competitors of our products and services may have one or more of the following advantages:

Although no single competitive factor is dominant, current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to enhance their offerings that are competitive with our products and services, which may result in increased competition. We cannot assure that we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors. Increased competition in mobile data capture products, software, and related products and solutions, or supplies may result in price reductions, low gross profit margins, and loss of market share, and could require increased spending on research and development, sales and marketing, and customer support. Some competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships with suppliers or companies that produce complementary products, which may create additional pressures on our competitive position in the marketplace.

Sales to many of our target customers involve long sales and implementation cycles, which may cause revenues and operating results to vary significantly.

A prospective customer’s decision to purchase our services or products may often involve lengthy evaluation and product qualification processes. Throughout the sales cycle, we anticipate often spending considerable time educating and providing information to prospective customers regarding the use and benefits of our services and products. Budget constraints and the need for multiple approvals within these organizations may also delay the purchase decision. Failure to obtain the timely required approval for a particular project or purchase decision may delay the purchase of our services or products. As a result, we expect that the sales cycle for some of our services and products will typically range to more than 360 days, depending on the availability of funding to the prospective customer. These long cycles may cause delays in any potential sale, and we may spend a large amount of time and resources on prospective customers who decide not to purchase our services or products, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Additionally, some of our services and products are designed for corporate customers, which requires us to maintain a sales force that understands the needs of these customers, engages in extensive negotiations and provides support to complete sales. If we do not successfully market our services and products to these targeted customers, our operating results will be below our expectations and the expectations of investors and market analysts, which would likely cause the price of our common stock to decline.

~~We will not be able to develop or continue our business if we fail to attract and retain key personnel.~~

Our future success depends on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain a number of highly skilled employees and on the service and performance of our senior management team and other key personnel. The loss of the services of our executive officers or other key employees could adversely affect our business. Competition for qualified personnel possessing the skills necessary to implement our strategy is intense, and we may fail to attract or retain the employees necessary to execute our business model successfully. We have obtained “key person” life insurance policies covering certain employees.

Our success will depend to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, engineering and other personnel, many of whom would be difficult to replace. In particular, we believe that our future success is highly dependent on Randy May, our Chief Executive Officer, and Peter Mehring, President of Zest Labs. If Messrs. May or Mehring, or any other key members of our management team, leave our employment, our business could suffer, and the share price of our common stock could decline.

We intend to pursue continued growth through opportunities to acquire companies or assets that will enable us to expand our product and service offerings and to increase our geographic footprint. We routinely review potential acquisitions. However, we may be unable to implement this growth strategy if we cannot reach agreement on potential strategic acquisitions on acceptable terms or for other reasons. Moreover, our acquisition strategy involves certain risks, including:

~~Future acquisitions may require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing, which may not be available on current attractive market terms.~~

~~If we do not protect our proprietary information and prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of our products and technology, our financial results could be harmed.~~

Much of our software and underlying technology is proprietary. We seek to protect our proprietary rights through a combination of confidentiality agreements and through copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret laws. However, all of these measures afford only limited protection and may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by third parties. Any patent licensed by us or issued to us could be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or rights granted thereunder may not provide a competitive advantage to us. Furthermore, patent applications that we file may not result in issuance of a patent or, if a patent is issued, the patent may not be issued in a form that is advantageous to us. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, others may independently develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around our patents and other rights. In addition, it is difficult to monitor compliance with, and enforce, our intellectual property in a cost-effective manner.

~~Third parties claiming that we infringe their proprietary rights could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and prevent us from selling our products and services.~~

From time to time, we might receive claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, including claims regarding patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Because of constant technological change in the markets in which we compete, the extensive patent coverage of existing technologies, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is possible that the number of these claims may grow.In addition, former employers of our former, current, or future employees may assert claims that such employees have improperly disclosed to us the confidential or proprietary information of these former employers. Any such claim, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation and distract management from day-to-day operations. If we are not successful in defending such claims, we could be required to stop selling, delay shipments of, or redesign our products, pay monetary amounts as damages, enter into royalty or licensing arrangements, or satisfy indemnification obligations that we have with some of our customers. We cannot assure you that any royalty or licensing arrangements that we may seek in such circumstances will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. We may incur significant expenditures to investigate, defend and settle claims related to the use of technology and intellectual property rights as part of our strategy to manage this risk.

~~Periods of sustained economic adversity and uncertainty could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.~~

Demand for our services and products depend in large part upon the level of capital and maintenance expenditures by many of our customers. Lower budgets could have a material adverse effect on the demand for our services and products, and our business, results of operations, cash flow and overall financial condition would suffer.

Disruptions in the financial markets may have an adverse impact on regional and world economies and credit markets, which could negatively impact the availability and cost of capital for us and our customers. These conditions may reduce the willingness or ability of our customers and prospective customers to commit funds to purchase our services or products, or their ability to pay for our services after purchase. These conditions could result in bankruptcy or insolvency for some customers, which would impact our revenue and cash collections. These conditions could also result in pricing pressure and less favorable financial terms in our contracts and our ability to access capital to fund our operations.

Patents, trademarks, copyrights and licenses are important to the Company’s business, and the inability to defend, obtain or renew such intellectual property could adversely affect the Company’s operating results.

~~The~~Through Zest Labs, the Company currently holds rights to patents and copyrights relating to certain aspects of its RFID technology, software, and services. In addition, the Company has registered, and/or has applied to register trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and a number of foreign countries for “Intelleflex,” the Intelleflex logo, “Zest,” “Zest Data Services”, the Zest logo, and numerous other trademarks and service marks. Although the Company believes the ownership of such patents, copyrights, trademarks and service marks is an important factor in its business and that its success does depend in part on the ownership thereof, the Company relies primarily on the innovative skills, technical competence, and marketing abilities of its personnel. Loss of a significant number of licenses may have an adverse effect of the Company’s operations.

Many of Zest Labs’ products are designed to include intellectual property obtained from third parties. While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of its products and business methods, the Company believes, based upon past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms; however, there is no guarantee that such licenses could be obtained at all.

The Company relies on licenses to third-party patents and intellectual property, and the Company’s future results could be materially adversely affected if it is alleged or found to have infringed intellectual property rights.

Many of Zest Labs’ products are designed to use third-party intellectual property, and it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of its products and business methods. Although the Company believes that, based on past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms, there is no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms or at all.

If we do not protect our proprietary information and prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of our products and technology, our financial results could be harmed.

Third parties claiming that we infringe their proprietary rights could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and prevent us from selling our products and services.

From time to time, we might receive claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, including claims regarding patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Because of constant technological change in the markets in which we compete, the extensive patent coverage of existing technologies, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is possible that the number of these claims may grow. In addition, former employers of our former, current, or future employees may assert claims that such employees have improperly disclosed to us the confidential or proprietary information of these former employers. Any such claim, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation and distract management from day-to-day operations. If we are not successful in defending such claims, we could be required to stop selling, delay shipments of, or redesign our products, pay monetary amounts as damages, enter into royalty or licensing arrangements, or satisfy indemnification obligations that we have with some of our customers. We cannot assure you that any royalty or licensing arrangements that we may seek in such circumstances will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. We may incur significant expenditures to investigate, defend and settle claims related to the use of technology and intellectual property rights as part of our strategy to manage this risk.

Periods of sustained economic adversity and uncertainty could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Final assembly of certain products is performed by third-party manufacturers. We may be dependent on these third-party manufacturers as a sole-source of supply for the manufacture of such products.

A failure by such manufacturers to provide manufacturing services to us, or any disruption in such manufacturing services, may adversely affect our business results. We may incur increased business disruption risk due to the dependence on these third-party manufacturers, as we are not able to exercise direct control over the assembly or related operations of certain of our products. If these third-party manufacturers experience business difficulties or fail to meet our manufacturing needs, then we may be unable to satisfy customer product demands, lose sales, and be unable to maintain customer relationships. Longer production lead times may result in shortages of certain products and inadequate inventories during periods of unanticipated higher demand. Without such third parties continuing to manufacture our products, we may have no other means of final assembly of certain of our products until we are able to secure the manufacturing capability at another facility or develop an alternative manufacturing facility. This transition could be costly and time consuming.

Failure of information technology systems and breaches in data security could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

Information technology system failures and breaches of data security could disrupt the Company’s operations by causing delays or cancellation of customer orders, impeding the manufacture or shipment of products, or resulting in the unintentional disclosure of customer or Company information. Management has taken steps to address these concerns by implementing sophisticated network security and internal control measures. There can be no assurance, however, that a system failure or data security breach will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

Failure in our operational systems or cyber security attacks on any of our facilities, or those of third parties, may adversely affect our financial results.

Our business is dependent upon our operational systems to process a large amount of data and complex transactions. If any of our financial, operational, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, our financial results could be adversely affected. Our financial results could also be adversely affected if an employee causes our operational systems to fail, either as a result of inadvertent error or by deliberately tampering with or manipulating our operational systems. Due to increased technology advances, we have become more reliant on technology to help increase efficiency in our business. We use computer programs to help run our financial and operations sectors, and this may subject our business to increased risks. Any future cyber security attacks that affect our facilities, our customers and any financial data could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, cyber-attacks on our customer and employee data may result in a financial loss, including potential fines for failure to safeguard data, and may negatively impact our reputation. Third-party systems on which we rely could also suffer operational system failure. Any of these occurrences could disrupt our business, result in potential liability or reputational damage or otherwise have an adverse effect on our financial results.

The Company is subject to risks associated with laws, regulations and industry-imposed standards related to wireless communications devices.

Laws and regulations related to wireless communications devices in the many jurisdictions in which Zest Labs operates and seeks to operate are extensive and subject to change. Such changes, which could include but are not limited to restrictions on production, manufacture, distribution, and use of the device, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

Wireless communication devices, such as RFID readers, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment dates, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

Because of technological changes in the business software, web and device applications, sensors and sensor-based devices, and RFID and wireless communication industries, current extensive patent coverage, and the rapid issuance of new patents, it is possible that certain components of Zest Labs’ products and business methods may unknowingly infringe the patents or other intellectual property rights of third parties. From time to time, Zest Labs may be notified that it may be infringing such rights. Responding to such claims, regardless of their merit, can consume significant time and expense. In certain cases, the Company may consider the desirability of entering into licensing agreements, although no assurance can be given that such licenses can be obtained on acceptable terms or that litigation will not occur. If there is a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting the Company from marketing or selling certain products or a successful claim of infringement against the Company requires it to pay royalties to a third party, the Company’s financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

The inability to obtain certain components could adversely impact the Company’s ability to deliver on its contractual commitments which could negatively impact operations and cash flows.

Although most components essential to the Company’s business are generally available from multiple sources, certain key components including, but not limited to, microprocessors, enclosures, certain RFID custom integrated circuits, and application-specific integrated circuits are currently obtained by the Company from single or limited sources. Some key components, while currently available to the Company from multiple sources, are at times subject to industry-wide availability constraints and pricing pressures. If the supply of a key or single-sourced component to the Company were to be delayed or curtailed or in the event a key manufacturing vendor delayed shipment of completed products to the Company, the Company’s ability to ship related products in desired quantities, and in a timely manner, could be adversely affected. The Company’s business and financial performance could also be adversely affected depending on the time required to obtain sufficient quantities from the original source, or to identify and obtain sufficient quantities from an alternative source. Continued availability of these components may be affected if suppliers were to decide to concentrate on the production of common components instead of components customized to meet the Company’s requirements. The Company attempts to mitigate these potential risks by working closely with these and other key suppliers on product introduction plans, strategic inventories, coordinated product introductions, and internal and external manufacturing schedules and levels. Consistent with industry practice, the Company acquires components through a combination of formal purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information. However, adverse changes in the supply chain of the Company’s vendors may adversely impact the supply of key components.

Our near-term success is dependent upon our ability to grow our oilfield services and transportation operations.

Our success will depend, in part, upon our ability to commence operation of our oilfield and transportation services operations. Attracting new customers and joining networks and demand-supply chains requires substantial time and expense. Any failure to commence operations timely would adversely affect our operating results. Many factors could affect the market acceptance and commercial success of our services, including:

The transportation industry is affected by economic and business risks that are largely beyond our control.

The transportation industry is highly cyclical, and our business is dependent on a number of factors that may have a negative impact on our operating results, many of which are beyond our control. Our revenue is from customers in the oil exploration and production industry. As such, our volumes are largely dependent on the economy and our results may be more susceptible to trends in unemployment and how it affects oil prices than carriers that do not have this focus. We believe that some of the most significant factors beyond our control that may negatively impact our operating results are economic changes that affect supply and demand in transportation markets.

The risks associated with these factors are heightened when the United States economy is weakened. Some of the principal risks during such times are as follows:

Economic conditions that decrease shipping demand or increase the supply of capacity in the trucking transportation industry on the Territory can exert downward pressure on rates and equipment utilization, thereby decreasing asset productivity. Declining freight levels and rates, a prolonged recession or general economic instability could result in declines in our results of operations, which declines may be material.

We also are subject to cost increases outside our control that could materially reduce our profitability if we are unable to increase our rates sufficiently. Such cost increases include, but are not limited to, fuel and energy prices, driver wages, taxes and interest rates, tolls, license and registration fees, insurance premiums, regulations, revenue equipment and related maintenance costs and healthcare and other benefits for our associates. We cannot predict whether, or in what form, any such cost increase or event could occur. Any such cost increase or event could adversely affect our profitability.

In addition, events outside our control, such as strikes or other work stoppages at our facilities or at customer, port, border or other shipping locations, weather, actual or threatened armed conflicts or terrorist attacks, efforts to combat terrorism, military action against a foreign state or group located in a foreign state or heightened security requirements could lead to reduced economic demand, reduced availability of credit or temporary closing of shipping locations or United States borders. Such events or enhanced security measures in connection with such events could impair our operations and result in higher operating costs.

The transportation industry is highly competitive and fragmented, which subjects us to competitive pressures pertaining to pricing, capacity and service.

Our operating segments compete with many trucking carriers. The trucking industry in our Territory is highly competitive and fragmented. Some of our customers may utilize their own private fleets rather than outsourcing loads to us. Some of our competitors may have greater access to equipment, a larger fleet, a wider range of services, preferential dedicated customer contracts, greater capital resources or other competitive advantages. Numerous competitive factors could impair our ability to maintain or improve our profitability. These factors include the following:

We may be affected by labor issues in the broader transportation industry.

Difficulty in attracting drivers could affect our profitability and ability to grow. Periodically, the trucking industry experiences difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified drivers, including independent contractors, resulting in intense competition for drivers. We have from time to time experienced underutilization and increased expenses due to a shortage of qualified drivers. If we are unable to attract drivers when needed or contract with independent contractors when needed, we could be required to further adjust our driver compensation packages or let trucks sit idle, which could adversely affect our growth and profitability. If we are unable to retain drivers, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

We have several major customers, the loss of one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

A significant portion of our operating revenue is generated from a number of major customers, the loss of one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Economic and capital markets conditions may adversely affect our customers and their ability to remain solvent. Our customers’ financial difficulties can negatively impact our business and operating results and financial condition. Generally, we do not have contractual relationships with our customers that guarantee any minimum volumes, and our customer relationships may not continue as presently in effect. We generally do not have long-term contractual relationships with our customers, including our dedicated customers, and certain of these contracts contain clauses that permit cancellation on a short-term basis without cause, and accordingly any of our customers may not continue to utilize our services, renew our existing contracts or continue at the same volume levels. Despite the existence of contract arrangements with our customers, certain of our customers may nonetheless engage in competitive bidding processes that could negatively impact our contractual relationship. In addition, certain of our major customers may increasingly use their own trucking and delivery fleets, which would reduce our freight volumes. A reduction in or termination of our services by one or more of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Fluctuations in the price or availability of fuel, the volume and terms of diesel fuel purchase commitments and surcharge collection may increase our costs of operation, which could materially and adversely affect our margins.

Fuel represents a significant expense for us. Diesel fuel prices fluctuate greatly due to factors beyond our control, such as political events, terrorist activities, armed conflicts, depreciation of the dollar against other currencies and weather, such as hurricanes, and other natural or man-made disasters, each of which may lead to an increase in the cost of fuel. Fuel prices also are affected by the rising demand in developing countries, and could be adversely impacted by diminished drilling activity and by the use of crude oil and oil reserves for other purposes. Such events may lead not only to increases in fuel prices, but also to fuel shortages and disruptions in the fuel supply chain. Because our operations are dependent upon diesel fuel, and a portion of our business is based on fuel purchased on the spot market at prevailing market rates, significant diesel fuel cost increases, shortages or supply disruptions could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Increases in fuel costs, to the extent not offset by rate per mile increases or fuel surcharges, have an adverse effect on our operations and profitability. While a portion of our fuel costs are covered by pass-through provisions in customer contracts and compensatory fuel surcharge programs, we also incur fuel costs that cannot be recovered even with respect to customers with which we maintain fuel surcharge programs, such as those associated with unbilled miles, or the time when our engines are idling. Because our fuel surcharge recovery lags behind changes in fuel prices, our fuel surcharge recovery may not capture the increased costs we pay for fuel, especially when prices are rising, leading to fluctuations in our levels of reimbursement. Further, during periods of low freight volumes, shippers can use their negotiating leverage to impose less compensatory fuel surcharge policies. In addition, the terms of each customer’s fuel surcharge agreement vary, and customers may seek to modify the terms of their fuel surcharge agreements to minimize recoverability for fuel price increases. Such fuel surcharges may not be maintained indefinitely or may not be sufficiently effective. As of the date of this Annual Report, we had no derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to fuel price fluctuations, nor are we aware of existence thereof.

Difficulties attracting and retaining qualified drivers, including through owner-operators, could materially adversely affect our profitability and ability to maintain or grow our fleet.

Like many carriers, from time to time we may experience difficulty in attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of qualified drivers, including through owner-operators, and driver shortages may recur in the future. Our challenge with attracting and retaining qualified drivers stems from intense market competition and our driver quality standards, which subjects us to increased payments for driver compensation and owner-operator contracted rates. Our specialty equipment services targeting servicing oil exploration and oil development industries require special training to handle unique operating requirements. We may be legally obligated or otherwise subjected by the industry standards to use physical function tests and hair follicle and urine testing to screen and test all driver applicants, which we believe is a rigorous standard and could decrease the pool of qualified applicants available to us. Failure to recruit high-quality, safe drivers that meet our testing standards could diminish the safety of our fleet and could have a materially adverse effect on our customer relationships and our business.

Our Company drivers are generally compensated on a per-mile basis, and the rate per-mile generally increases with the drivers’ length of service. Owner-operators contracting with us are generally compensated on a percentage of revenue basis. The compensation we offer our drivers and owner-operators is also subject to market conditions and labor supply. We may in future periods increase company driver and owner-operator compensation, which will be more likely to the extent that economic conditions improve and industry regulation exacerbates driver shortages forcing driver compensation higher. The recent electronic logging device regulations, requiring compliance by nearly all carriers has further tightened the market for eligible drivers. In addition, with any driver voluntary turnover rate, we may suffer a loss of company drivers. Such turnover rate could require us to continually recruit a substantial number of drivers in order to operate our revenue-producing fleet equipment, including trucks, chassis and specialty equipment. If we are unable to continue to attract and retain a sufficient number of high-quality company drivers, and contract with suitable owner-operators, we could be required to adjust our compensation packages, or operate with fewer trucks and face difficulty meeting shipper demands, all of which could adversely affect our profitability and ability to maintain our size or grow.

Our use of owner-operators to provide a portion of our truck fleet exposes us to different risks than we face with our owned trucks.

We may contract with owner-operators and use more owner-operator trucks than some of our competitors. We are therefore more dependent on owner-operator trucks than some of our competitors. Failure to maintain owner-operator business and relationships and increased industry competition for owner-operators could have a materially adverse effect on our operating results. During times of increased economic activity, we face heightened competition for owner-operators from other carriers. To the extent our turnover increases, we may be required to increase owner-operator compensation or take other measures to remain an attractive option for owner-operators. If we cannot attract sufficient owner-operators, or it becomes economically difficult for owner-operators to survive, we may not be able to maintain the percentage of our fleet provided by owner-operators or maintain our delivery schedules.

We may provide financing to certain qualified owner-operators who qualify for financing in order to lease trucks from us. If we are unable to provide such financing in the future, due to liquidity constraints or other restrictions, we may experience a decrease in the number of owner-operators available to fully operate our assets. Further, if owner-operators operating the trucks we finance default under or otherwise terminate the financing arrangement and we are unable to find a replacement owner-operator, we may incur losses on amounts owed to us with respect to the truck in addition to any losses we may incur as a result of idling the truck.

Our lease contracts with owner-operators may be governed by the federal and other leasing regulations, which impose specific requirements on us and/or on owner-operators. It is possible that we could face lawsuits alleging the violation of leasing obligations or failure to follow the contractual terms, which could result in liability.

We may utilize owner-operators to complete our services. These owner-operators are subject to similar regulation requirements, such as the electronic on-board recording and driver Hours of Service (HOS) requirements that apply to larger carriers, which may have a more significant impact on their operations, causing them to exit the transportation industry. Aside from when these third parties may use our trailing equipment to fulfill loads, we do not own the revenue equipment or control the drivers delivering these loads. The inability to obtain reliable third-party owner-operators could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and business growth.

If we are unable to recruit, develop and retain our key associates, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We are highly dependent upon the services of certain key employees, including our team of managers. We currently do not have employment agreements with any of our managers, and the loss of any of their services could negatively impact our operations and future profitability. Inadequate succession planning or unexpected departure of key managers could cause substantial disruption to our business operations, deplete our institutional knowledge base and erode our competitive advantage. Additionally, we may have to continue to recruit, develop and retain skilled and experienced service center managers if we are to realize our goal of expanding our operations and continuing our growth. Failure to recruit, develop and retain a core group of service center managers could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Efforts by labor unions could divert management’s attention and could have a materially adverse effect on our operating results.

We face the risk that Congress or one or more states will issue or approve legislation significantly affecting our business and our relationship with our associates. We also face the risk that our associates, including drivers, may attempt to organize. Any attempt to organize by our associates could result in increased legal and other associated costs. In addition, if we were to enter into a collective bargaining agreement, the terms could negatively affect our costs, efficiency and ability to generate acceptable returns on the affected operations. Moreover, any labor disputes or work stoppages, whether or not our other associates unionize, could disrupt our operations and reduce our revenues.

Our future insurance and claims expense might exceed historical levels, which could reduce our earnings. We self-insure or maintain a high deductible for a portion of our claims exposure resulting from workers’ compensation, auto liability, general liability, cargo and property damage claims, as well as associate health insurance. Estimating the number and severity of claims, as well as related judgment or settlement amounts is inherently difficult. This, along with legal expenses, incurred but not reported claims and other uncertainties can cause unfavorable differences between actual claim costs and our reserve estimates. We plan to reserve for anticipated losses and expenses and periodically evaluate and adjust our claims reserves to reflect our experience. However, ultimate results may differ from our estimates, which could result in losses over our reserved amounts.

We maintain insurance with licensed insurance carriers above the amounts which we retain. Although we believe our aggregate insurance limits should be sufficient to cover reasonably expected claims, it is possible that the amount of one or more claims could exceed our aggregate coverage limits. If any claim were to exceed our coverage, we would bear the excess, in addition to our other self-insured/retained amounts. Insurance carriers have raised premiums for many businesses, including transportation companies. As a result, our insurance and claims expense could increase, or we could raise our self-insured retention or deductible when our policies are renewed or replaced. Our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected if (i) cost per claim, premiums, or the number of claims significantly exceeds our estimates, (ii) we experience a claim in excess of our coverage limits, (iii) our insurance carriers fail to pay on our insurance claims or (iv) we experience a claim for which coverage is not provided.

Our operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations, the violation of which could result in substantial fines or penalties.

We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations dealing with the hauling and handling of hazardous materials, waste and other oil, fuel storage tanks, air emissions from our vehicles and facilities, engine idling and discharge and retention of storm water. Our truck terminals often are located in industrial areas where groundwater or other forms of environmental contamination could occur. Our operations involve the risks of fuel spillage or seepage, environmental damage and hazardous waste disposal, among others. Certain of our facilities have waste oil or fuel storage tanks and fueling islands. If we are involved in a spill or other accident involving hazardous substances, if there are releases of hazardous substances we transport, if soil or groundwater contamination is found at our facilities or results from our operations, or if we are found to be in violation of applicable environmental laws or regulations, we could owe cleanup costs and incur related liabilities, including substantial fines or penalties or civil and criminal liability, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our business and operating results.

We have significant ongoing capital requirements that could affect our profitability if we are unable to generate sufficient cash from operations or obtain financing on favorable terms.

The trucking industry generally, and our trucking business in particular, are capital intensive and asset heavy, and our policy of maintaining a young, technology-equipped fleet requires us to expend significant amounts in capital expenditures annually. We expect to pay for projected capital expenditures with cash flows from operations, proceeds from equity sales or financing available under our existing debt instruments. If we were unable to generate sufficient cash from operations, we would need to seek alternative sources of capital, including financing, to meet our capital requirements. In the event that we are unable to generate sufficient cash from operations or obtain financing on favorable terms in the future, we may have to limit our fleet size, enter into less favorable financing arrangements or operate our revenue equipment for longer periods, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our profitability.

The seasonal pattern generally experienced in the trucking industry may affect our periodic results during traditionally slower shipping periods and winter months.

In the trucking industry, revenue generally follows a seasonal pattern which may affect our operating results. Operating levels of the oil industry have historically been lower in the winter months because of adverse winter weather conditions. Revenue can also be affected by other adverse weather conditions, holidays and the number of business days during a given period because revenue is directly related to the available working days. From time to time, we may also suffer short-term impacts from severe weather and similar events, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards, ice storms, floods, fires, earthquakes, and explosions that could harm our results of operations or make our results of operations more volatile.

We may be subject to various claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, and increases in the amount or severity of these claims and lawsuits could adversely affect us.

We are exposed to various claims and litigation related to commercial disputes, personal injury, property damage, environmental liability and other matters. Proceedings include claims by third parties, and certain proceedings have been certified or purport to be class actions. Developments in regulatory, legislative or judicial standards, material changes to litigation trends, or a catastrophic accident or series of accidents, involving any or all of property damage, personal injury, and environmental liability could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

If we commence operations and produce oil from a drilling, thenunless we replace our reserves with new reserves and develop those reserves, our reserves and production will decline, which would adversely affect our future cash flows and results of operations.

Once we start oil production, then producing oil reservoirs generally are characterized by declining production rates that vary depending upon reservoir characteristics and other factors. Unless we conduct successful ongoing exploration and development activities or continually acquire properties containing proved reserves, our proved reserves will decline as those reserves are produced. Our future reserves and production, and therefore our future cash flow and results of operations, are highly dependent on our success in efficiently developing our current reserves and economically finding or acquiring additional recoverable reserves. We may not be able to develop, find or acquire sufficient additional reserves to replace our current and future production. If we are unable to replace our current and future production, the value of our reserves will decrease, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Drilling for and producing crude oil are high risk activities withmany uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

Our proposed drilling and operating activities will be subject to many risks, including the risk that we will not discover commercially productive reservoirs. Drilling for crude oil can be unprofitable, not only from dry holes, but from productive wells that do not produce sufficient revenues to return a profit. In addition, our drilling and producing operations may be curtailed, delayed or cancelled as a result of other factors, including:

Any of these risks can cause substantial losses, including personal injury or loss of life; severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution, environmental contamination, clean-up responsibilities, loss of wells, repairs to resume operations; and regulatory fines or penalties.

Insurance against all operational risks may not be available to us or not affordable for us. Additionally, we may elect not to obtain insurance if we believe that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the perceived risks presented. The occurrence of an event that is not covered in full or in part by insurance could have a material adverse impact on our business activities, financial condition and results of operations. We only have standard business liability and casualty insurance as of the date of this Annual Report. We will not pay for or require, and cannot afford, insurance covering drilling, production and storage of oil and establishing oil rigs until we receive sufficient funding from this Annual Report.

The extension of our active oil and gas mineral leases may be subject to performing continuous drilling operations.

Our oil and gas mineral leases may contain acreage that is either held by production or not. In order to extend the leased acreage not held by production, the Company must maintain minimum continuous drilling operations in order to extend these leases to future periods. The Company’s inability to perform operations during any given period could result in the Company’s losing the rights to future operations on that lease.

The potential lack of availability of, or cost of, drilling rigs, equipment,supplies, personnel and crude oil field services could adversely affect our abilityto execute on a timely basis our exploration and development plans within our budget.

When the prices of crude oil increase, or the demand for equipment and services is greater than the supply in certain areas, we could encounter an increase in the cost of securing drilling rigs, equipment and supplies. In addition, larger producers may be more likely to secure access to such equipment by offering more lucrative terms. If we are unable to acquire access to such resources, or can obtain access only at higher prices, our ability to convert our reserves into cash flow could be delayed and the cost of producing those reserves could increase significantly, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related compliance expenditures and liabilities.

Once commenced, our oil drilling and production operations will be subject to numerous and significant federal, state, local and foreign laws, and other requirements governing or relating to the environment. Our facilities could experience incidents, malfunctions and other unplanned events, such as spills of hazardous materials that may result in personal injury, penalties and property damage. In addition, certain environmental laws may result in liability, regardless of fault, concerning contamination at a range of properties, including properties currently leased or operated by us and properties where we disposed of, or arranged for disposal of, waste and other hazardous materials. As such, the operation of our facilities carries an inherent risk of environmental liabilities and may result in our involvement from time to time in administrative and judicial proceedings relating to such matters. While we will implement environmental management programs designed to continually improve environmental, health and safety performance, we cannot assure you that such liabilities including significant required capital expenditures, as well as the costs for complying with environmental laws and regulations, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Oil prices are volatile. Once we commence oil production, any sustained decline in oil prices could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our capital expenditure obligations and financial commitments.

The prices we receive for our oil production will heavily influence our revenue, profitability, access to capital, future rate of growth and carrying value of our properties. Oil is a commodity and its price may fluctuate widely in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and market uncertainty. Lower commodity prices may reduce our cash flows and borrowing ability. If we are unable to obtain needed capital or financing on satisfactory terms, our ability to develop future reserves could be adversely affected. Also, using lower prices in estimating proved reserves may result in a reduction in proved reserve volumes due to economic limits.

If we are required to curtail our drilling program, we may be unable to continue to hold leases that are scheduled to expire, which may further reduce our reserves. As a result, a substantial or extended decline in commodity prices may materially and adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ability to finance planned capital expenditures.

Historically, oil prices have been volatile. The prices we receive for our production, and the levels of our production, depend on numerous factors beyond our control, which include the following:

Conservation measures and technological advances could reduce demand for oil and natural gas.

Fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and natural gas, technological advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices could reduce demand for oil. The impact of the changing demand for oil may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Climate change legislation and regulations restricting or regulating emissions of greenhouse gases (“GHGs”) could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for the oil and natural gas while the potential physical effects of climate change could disrupt our production and cause us to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.

Climate change continues to attract considerable public and scientific attention. As a result, numerous proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional, and state levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of GHGs. While no comprehensive climate change legislation has been implemented at the federal level, the Environmental Protection Agency or “EPA” and states or groupings of states have pursued legal initiatives in recent years that seek to reduce GHG emissions through efforts that include consideration of cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes, GHG reporting and tracking programs and regulations that directly limit GHG emissions from certain sources. In particular, the EPA has adopted rules under authority of the U.S. Clean Air Act of “CAA” that, among other things, establish certain permit reviews for GHG emissions from certain large stationary sources, which reviews could require securing permits at covered facilities emitting GHGs and meeting defined technological standards for those GHG emissions.

The EPA has also adopted rules requiring the monitoring and annual reporting of GHG emissions from certain petroleum and natural gas system sources in the United States, including, among others, onshore production.

Federal agencies also have begun directly regulating emissions of methane, a GHG, from oil and natural gas operations. In June 2016, the EPA published a final rule establishing NSPS Subpart OOOOa, that requires certain new, modified or reconstructed facilities in the oil and natural gas sector to reduce these methane gas and VOC emissions. However, in April 2017, the EPA announced that it would review this 2016 methane rule and would initiate reconsideration proceedings to potentially revise or rescind portions of the rule. Subsequently, effective June 2, 2017, the EPA issued a 90-day stay of certain requirements under the methane rule, but this stay was vacated by a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit on July 3, 2017 and on August 10, 2017, the D.C. Circuit rejected petitions for an en banc review of its July 3, 2017 ruling. In the interim, on July 16, 2017, the EPA issued a proposed rule that would stay subpart OOOOa for two years, but this proposed rule is not yet final and may be subject to legal challenges. The court affirmed that the EPA must go through the formal rule change procedures under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) to amend the 2016 rule on methane gas emissions. The EPA continued to evaluate the rule and proposed additional amendments. On October 15, 2018, EPA proposed rule changes to reduce restrictions on methane emissions from oil and gas production.

The Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) also finalized rules regarding the control of methane emissions rules in November 2016 (“Revision Rule”) that apply to oil and natural gas exploration and development activities on public and tribal lands. The rules seek to minimize venting and flaring of emissions from storage tanks and other equipment, and also impose leak detection and repair requirements. The U.S. Department of the Interior attempted to suspend this rule, however on February 22, 2018, a U.S. District Court blocked the suspension. On September 18, 2018, BLM releases the final version of the Revision Rule, which was published in the Federal Register on September 28, 2018 and was to go into effect on November 27, 2018. On November 27, 2018, the attorneys general for California and New Mexico filed suit alleging BLM violated the Administrative Procedure Act, Mineral Leasing Act, and National Environmental Policy Act. On September 28, 2018, 18 environmental groups also legally challenged the Revision Rule.

The BLM rules on rolling back methane gas emissions under the Revision Rule remains in place at this time, but the future status of the rule change is unclear.

President Trump’s Administration has rolled back, cancelled or sought to roll back or cancel numerous rules restricting GHGs in the energy industry. These efforts have been mostly challenged in court. Whether the roll back of environmental regulations to cap or reduce GHGs will continue or survive legal challenges, as well as the impact on these rollback efforts by Democratic Party taking control of the U.S. House of Representatives in 2019, is uncertain as of the date of this prospectus. Company believes there is growing public support for the anti-GHG/environmental movement that may result in future changes in regulation, more anti-GHG rulings in courts and legal requirements for oil and gas production that may reduce the demand for oil and gas in the future, perhaps near future, as well as making oil and gas production more expensive and difficult in terms of regulation to conduct. The success of President Trump appointing conservative jurists to federal courts since 2017 presents another possible factor in future GHG regulation, which factor is not possible to ascertain in terms of impact on GHG regulation as of the date of this prospectus. In December 2015, the United States joined the international community at the 21^st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris, France that prepared an agreement requiring member countries to review and “represent a progression” in their intended nationally determined contributions, which set GHG emission reduction goals every five years beginning in 2020. This “Paris Agreement” was signed by the United States in April 2016 and entered into force in November 2016; however, this agreement does not create any binding obligations for nations to limit their GHG emissions. On June 1, 2017, President Donald Trump announced that the United States plans to withdraw from the Paris Agreement and to seek negotiations either to re-enter the Paris Agreement on different terms or to establish a new framework agreement. The Paris Agreement provides for a four-year exit date of November 2020. The United States’ adherence to the exit process and/or the terms on which the United States may re-enter the Paris Agreement or a separately negotiated agreement are unclear at this time.

The adoption and implementation of any international, federal or state legislation or regulations that require reporting of GHGs or otherwise restrict emissions of GHGs could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Increasing concentrations of GHG in the Earth’s atmosphere may in all likelihood and based on current and widespread scientific opinion produce climate changes that have significant, perhaps catastrophic, physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, floods and other climatic events. If any such climatic events were to occur, they could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and the financial condition and operations of our end user customers and oil and gas product consumers. Climate changes may force radical, unexpected changes in regulation of GHG and energy industries like oil and gas.

WeOur common stock is quoted on the OTCQB, which may have ~~a substantial number of authorized common~~an unfavorable impact on our stock price and ~~preferred shares available for future issuance that could cause dilution of our stockholders’ interests and adversely impact the rights of holders of our common stock.~~liquidity.

~~We have a total of 100,000 shares of~~Our common stock ~~and 5,000 shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance. As of August 8, 2019, we have shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no preferred shares issued~~is quoted on the OTCQB, which is a significantly more limited trading market than the New York Stock Exchange, or ~~outstanding. As of August 16, 2019, we had 37,652 shares of common stock and 5,000 shares of preferred stock available for issuance. Further, out~~the NASDAQ Stock Market. The quotation of the ~~unissued~~Company’s shares ~~of common stock, as of August 16, 2019, we have unexercised options for 7,139 shares. Up to 3,529 shares~~on the OTCQB may be issued upon the exercise of warrants. We may seek financing that could result in the issuance of additional shares of our capital stock and/or rights to acquire additional shares of our capital stock. We may also make acquisitions that result in issuances of additional shares of our capital stock. Those additional issuances of capital stock would result in a ~~significant reduction of the percentage interest of~~less liquid market available for existing ~~or future investors. Furthermore, the book value per share~~and potential shareholders to trade shares of our common stock, ~~may be reduced. This reduction would occur if~~could depress the ~~exercise~~trading price ~~of any issued warrants, the conversion price of any convertible notes or the conversion ratio of any issued preferred stock is lower than the book value per share~~ of our common stock and could have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future.

There is limited liquidity on the OTCQB, which may result in stock price volatility and inaccurate quote information.

When fewer shares of a security are being traded on the OTCQB, price volatility may increase and price movement may outpace the ability to deliver accurate quote information. Due to lower trading volumes in shares of our common stock, there may be a lower likelihood of one’s orders for shares of our common stock being executed, and current prices may differ significantly from the price one was quoted at the time of ~~such exercise or conversion.~~

~~The addition~~If we are unable to adequately fund our operations, we may be forced to voluntarily file for deregistration of our common stock with the SEC.

Compliance with the periodic reporting requirements required by the SEC consumes a considerable amount of both internal, as well external, resources and represents a significant cost for us. If we are unable to continue to devote adequate funding and the resources needed to maintain such compliance, while continuing our operations, we could be forced to deregister with the SEC. After the deregistration process, our common stock would only be tradable on the “Pink Sheets” and could suffer a decrease in or absence of liquidity.

Because we became public by means of a “reverse merger”, we may not be able to attract the attention of major brokerage firms.

Additional risks may exist since we became public through a “reverse merger.” Securities analysts of major brokerage firms may not provide coverage of us since there is little incentive to brokerage firms to recommend the purchase of our common stock. We cannot assure you that brokerage firms will want to conduct any secondary offerings on behalf of our Company in the future.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could lower the price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise funds in future securities offerings.

Future sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock ~~into~~in the public market, or by the ~~registration of any of our other securities under the Securities Act~~perception that such sales may ~~significantly and negatively~~occur, could adversely affect the then prevailing market price ~~for our common stock. The future sales of shares~~ of our common stock ~~issuable upon~~and could make it more difficult for us to raise funds in the ~~exercise~~future through a public offering of ~~outstanding warrants~~our securities.

Our common stock is thinly traded, so you may be unable to sell at or near asking prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares.

Currently, the Company’s common stock is quoted in the OTCQB and ~~options~~future trading volume may ~~have~~be limited by the fact that many major institutional investment funds, including mutual funds, as well as individual investors follow a ~~depressive~~policy of not investing in OTCQB stocks and certain major brokerage firms restrict their brokers from recommending OTCQB stocks because they are considered speculative, volatile and thinly traded. The OTCQB market is an inter-dealer market much less regulated than the major exchanges and our common stock is subject to abuses, volatility and shorting. Thus, there is currently no broadly followed and established trading market for the Company’s common stock. An established trading market may never develop or be maintained. Active trading markets generally result in lower price volatility and more efficient execution of buy and sell orders. Absence of an active trading market reduces the liquidity of the shares traded there.

Our common stock is subject to price volatility unrelated to our operations.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including market perception of our ability to achieve our planned growth, quarterly operating results of other companies in the same industry, trading volume in our common stock, changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets or other developments affecting the Company’s competitors or the Company itself. In addition, the OTCQB is subject to extreme price and volume fluctuations in general. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market price of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance and could have the same effect on our common stock.

We are subject to penny stock regulations and restrictions and you may have difficulty selling shares of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB. Our common stock is subject to the requirements of Rule 15(g)-9, promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act as ~~such warrants and options would be more likely to be exercised at a time when~~long as the price of our common stock is ~~greater~~below $5.00 per share. Under such rule, broker-dealers who recommend low-priced securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors must satisfy special sales practice requirements, including a requirement that they make an individualized written suitability determination for the ~~exercise price.~~purchaser and receive the purchaser’s consent prior to the transaction. The Securities Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990 also requires additional disclosure in connection with any trades involving a stock defined as a penny stock. Generally, the Commission defines a penny stock as any equity security not traded on a national exchange that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. The required penny stock disclosures include the delivery, prior to any transaction, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with it. Such requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of the securities and the ability of purchasers to sell their securities in the secondary market.

Because we do not intend to pay dividends, shareholders will benefit from an investment in our common stock only if it appreciates in value.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our preferred stock or common stock. For the foreseeable future, it is expected that earnings, if any, generated from our operations will be used to finance the growth of our business, and that no dividends will be paid to holders of the Company’s common stock. As a result, the success of an investment in our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in its value. There can be no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value.

The price of our common stock may become volatile, which could lead to losses by investors and costly securities litigation.

The trading price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate in response to factors such as:

The stock market is subject to significant price and volume fluctuations. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against such a company. Litigation initiated against us, whether or not ~~be an active market for~~successful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and Company resources, which could harm our business and financial condition.

Investors may experience dilution of their ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common stock.

~~Our~~We intend to continue to seek financing through the issuance of equity or convertible securities to fund our operations. In the future, we may also issue additional equity securities resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our present shareholders. We may also issue additional shares of our common stock ~~is quoted on the OTCQX which is maintained by the OTC Market Group Inc. under the symbol “ZEST”. However, no assurance can be given~~or other securities that ~~an active trading market~~are convertible into or exercisable for our common stock in connection with hiring or retaining employees, future acquisitions or for other business purposes. The future issuance of any such additional shares of common stock will ~~further develop~~result in dilution to our shareholders and ~~continue. As a result, it~~ may ~~become more difficult to purchase, dispose of and obtain accurate quotations as to~~create downward pressure on the ~~value~~trading price of our common stock. ~~If we are unable to achieve a listing on a national securities exchange, our common stock would continue to trade on the OTCQX.~~

The market price of our common stock may not attract new investors, including institutional investors, and may not satisfy the investing requirements of those investors. Consequently, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not improve.

Although we believe that a higher market price of our common stock may help generate greater or broader investor interest, there can be no assurance that we will attract new investors, including institutional investors. In addition, there can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will satisfy the investing requirements of those investors. As a result, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not necessarily improve.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

~~We may not pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.~~

We have not paid any dividends on our common stock to date. We are unlikely to pay dividends at any time in the foreseeable future; rather, we are likely to retain earnings, if any, to fund our operations and to develop and expand our business.

Future sales and issuances of our capital stock or rights to purchase capital stock could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to decline.

We continue to issue additional securities to raise capital. Future sales and issuances of our capital stock or rights to purchase our capital stock could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders. We may sell common stock, convertible securities and other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, our stockholders may be materially diluted. New investors in such subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.

Future changes in the fair value of outstanding warrants could result in income volatility.

Changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities caused by stock price volatility or other factors impacting the fair value determined by the Black Scholes model will impact other income or expense.

Our board of directors has authorized the designation of preferred stock without shareholder approval that have voting rights that adversely affect the voting power of holders of the Company’s common stock and may have an adverse effect on its stock price.

We are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could adversely impact the rights of holders of our common stock.

Our Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue up to 5,000 shares of “blank check: preferred stock. Any additional preferred stock that we issue in the future may rank ahead of our common stock in terms of dividend priority or liquidation premiums and may have greater voting rights than our common stock. In addition, such preferred stock may contain provisions allowing those shares to be converted into shares of common stock, which could dilute the value of common stock to current stockholders and could adversely affect the market price, if any, of our common stock. In addition, the preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of our company. Although we have no present intention to issue any additional shares of authorized preferred stock, there can be no assurance that we will not do so in the future.

The Company does not own any real property. It currently leases office ~~and production~~ space in ~~San Jose, California.~~Frisco, Texas. The current property lease is considered adequate for operations and ~~does not extend beyond five years.~~this lease runs through April 2021. In addition, the Company’s subsidiary leases space in Kilgore, Texas for a term of 42 months through September 30, 2022.

Cherry et al OGML including shallow drilling rights was acquired by Shamrock from Hartoil Company on July 1, 2018.

O’Neal Family OGML and Weyerhaeuser OGML including shallow drilling rights were acquired by White River on July 1, 2019 from Livland, LLC and Hi-Tech Onshore Exploration, LLC respectively in exchange for a $125 drilling credit to be applied by Livland, LLC on subsequent drilling operations.

Taliaferro Family OGML including shallow drilling rights was acquired by White River on June 10, 2019 from Lagniappe Operating, LLC.

Kingrey Family OGML including both shallow and deep drilling rights was entered into by White River and the Kingrey Family on April 3, 2019.

Peabody Family OGML including both shallow and deep drilling rights was acquired by White River on June 18, 2019 from SR Acquisition I, LLC, a subsidiary of Sanchez Energy Corporation, for a 1% royalty retained interest in conjunction with White River executing a lease saving operation in June 2019.

As of March 31, 2020, all of our proved oil and natural gas reserves were located in the United States, in the States of Texas, Mississippi and Louisiana. The Company did not have any proved oil and natural gas reserves prior to the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020, therefore there is no comparative information for March 31, 2019.

The following tables set forth summary information with respect to our proved reserves as of March 31, 2020. For additional information see Supplemental Information “Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)” to our consolidated financial statements in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table presents certain information with respect to oil and natural gas production attributable to our interests in all of our properties in the United States, the reserve derived from the sale of such production, average sales price received and average production costs during the 4 day period after the Banner Midstream acquisition between March 28, 2020 and the fiscal year-end on March 31, 2020.

During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company acquired Banner Midstream and all activities and properties owned by them at the time of acquisition. Other than some minor drilling in that four-day period of time that the Company owned Banner Midstream, no material activities occurred.

The Company is assessing all of its properties post-acquisition of Banner Midstream as well as its recent acquisition disclosed regarding the energy assets acquired from SR Acquisition I, LLC as part of the ongoing bankruptcy reorganization of Sanchez Energy Corporation. Once this assessment is completed the Company anticipates the commencement of a drilling program in the Company’s fiscal second quarter of 2021.

The Company is not currently committed to provide a fixed and determinable quantity of oil and gas in the near future under existing contracts or agreements.

The following table sets forth the number of wells in our inventory, in which we maintained ownership interests as of March 31, 2020.

The Company has performed due diligence in addition to the determination of estimated proved reserves which on one of their leases which has 9,615 acres of oil and gas mineral rights at both shallow and deep levels and identified average recoverable cumulative production of 3,540,000 barrels of oil. This due diligence is not included in any of the amounts provided as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business.

We are presently involved in ~~litigation including a suit filed by~~ the ~~Company~~following in Arkansas ~~on August 1, 2018,~~ and ~~a complaint that named the Company in~~ Florida. To the best of our knowledge, no governmental authority is contemplating any proceeding to which we are a party or to which any of our properties or businesses are subject, which would reasonably be likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

On August 1, 2018, Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Zest Labs, Inc. filed a complaint against Walmart Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Western Division. The complaint includes claims for violation of the Arkansas Trade Secrets Act, violation of the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act, breach of contract, unfair competition, unjust enrichment, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, conversion and fraud. Ecoark Holdings and Zest Labs are seeking monetary damages and other related relief to the extent it is deemed proper by the court. The Company does not believe that expenses incurred in pursuing the complaint will have a material effect on the Company’s net income or financial condition for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 or any individual fiscal quarter. On October 22, 2018, the Court issued an order setting a trial date of June 1, 2020. The order also established deadlines for the completion of fact discovery by October 15, 2019, opening expert reports on October 24, 2019, and dispositive motions, on January 22, 2020. The case is presently in the fact discovery phase.

On December 12, 2018, a complaint was filed against the Company in the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Sarasota County, Florida by certain investors who invested in the Company before it was public. The complaint alleges that the investment advisors who solicited the investors to invest into the Company made omissions and misrepresentations concerning the Company and the shares. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint which is pending.

On June 20, 2018, a complaint against the Company and certain affiliates was filed by a former consultant in the U.S. District Court - Northern District of California. The complaint refers to an advisory agreement dated January 1, 2015 with Ecoark, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, in which the former consultant was to provide advice and consultation to Ecoark, Inc. in exchange for consulting fees, expenses and a warrant to purchase equity in Ecoark, Inc. The matter was settled in January 2019. The Company recorded a charge of $20 in connection with the settlement of the matter.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock ~~was traded on the over the counter market from February 6, 2010 until April 21, 2016,~~is quoted OTC Markets’ OTCQB tier under the symbol ~~“MGLT”~~“ZEST”. From April 22, 2016, until December 11, 2016, our common stock traded on the OTCQB market under the symbol “EARK”. On December 12, 2016, our common stock moved to the OTCQX market where it continued to trade under the “EARK” symbol until November 29, 2017. On November 30, 2017, our ticker symbol changed to “ZEST” and our common stock continued to trade on the OTCQX market.

The following table sets forth the high and low prices for our common stock for each quarterly period during the ~~calendar quarters indicated (not our~~last two fiscal ~~quarters), as reported by the OTCQB/QX.~~years. These prices have been retroactively adjusted for the reverse 1-for-250 stock split that occurred on March 18, 2016, in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 4:C.

~~As of August 16, 2019, the last reported sales price reported on the OTC Markets Inc. for our common stock was $.55 per share.~~ As of the date of this filing, we had approximately ~~292~~250 holders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of our common stock is Philadelphia Stock Transfer, located at 2320 Haverford Road, Suite 230, Ardmore, Pennsylvania 19003.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. The payment of dividends on our common stock in the future will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, operating and financial condition and such other factors as our Board of Directors may consider appropriate.

We currently expect to use all available funds to finance the future development and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 other than those transactions previously reported to the SEC on our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations describes the principal factors affecting the results of our operations, financial condition, and changes in financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying audited financial statements, and notes thereto, included elsewhere in this report. The information contained in this discussion is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. We urge you to review carefully the sections of this report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” for a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with an investment in our securities.

Dollar amounts and numbers of shares that follow in this report are presented in thousands, except per share amounts.

~~Impact of Restatement Adjustments on Other Income and Net Loss of Previously Reported Periods~~OVERVIEW

As more fully described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this report, the Company identified inadvertent errors in the accounting for certain embedded derivative liabilities associated with warrants issued as a part of capital raises in 2017 and 2018. In connection with those capital raises, proceeds (net of fees) were accounted for as equity. Upon further evaluation, the Company determined that a portion of the capital raised should have been accounted for as liabilities with fair value changes recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Accordingly, the Company is restating its previously issued consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and interim periods in fiscal years 2018 and 2019 as well as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet for the first interim period of fiscal 2018 (the “Restated Periods”).

The only impact on the consolidated statements of operations is an adjustment to other income which impacts the net loss for the respective Restated Periods. There is no impact to the income tax provision or net deferred tax asset because both the current tax benefit and deferred tax assets were offset by a full valuation allowance. Impacts to the consolidated balance sheets consisting of establishing derivative liabilities and adjustments to stockholders’ equity are addressed in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below.

The adjustment to the opening balance sheet as of April 1, 2017 consisted of establishing a current derivatives liability of $3,351, offset by a reduction in additional paid-in-capital of $4,180 and a reduction of accumulated deficit of $829.

~~For the three months ended June 30, 2017, other income increased by $3,346 with a corresponding reduction in net loss from $13,609 to $10,263.~~

For the three and six months ended September 30, 2017, other income increased by $2,161 and $5,507, respectively, with corresponding reductions in net loss from $11,967 to $9,806 and from $25,576 to $20,069, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, other income increased by $1,738 and $7,245, respectively, with corresponding reductions in net loss from $10,017 to $8,279 and from $35,593 to $28,348, respectively.

~~For the year ended March 31, 2018, other income increased by $9,316 with a corresponding reduction in net loss from $42,152 to $32,836.~~

~~For the three months ended June 30, 2018, other income increased by $321 with a corresponding reduction in net loss from $3,548 to $3,227.~~

For the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, other income increased by $715 and $1,036, respectively, with corresponding reductions in net loss from $4,065 to $3,350 and from $7,613 to $6,577, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, other income increased by $1,587 and $2,623, respectively, with corresponding reductions in net loss from $4,270 to $2,683 and from $11,883 to $9,260, respectively.

Ecoark Holdings is ~~an innovative AgTech~~a diversified holding company ~~focused~~incorporated in the state of Nevada on solutions that reduce food waste and improve delivered freshness and product margins for fresh and perishable foods for a wide range of organizations including growers, processors, distributors and retailers.November 19, 2007. Ecoark Holdings ~~addresses this through its indirect~~has four wholly-owned ~~subsidiary:~~subsidiaries: Ecoark, Inc. (“Ecoark”), a Delaware corporation which is the parent of Zest Labs, Inc. (“Zest Labs” ~~or “Zest”~~)~~. The Company committed to~~, 440IoT Inc., a ~~plan to focus its business on Zest Labs~~Nevada corporation (“440IoT”), Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream”), and divested non-core assets in 2019 that included assets of Pioneer Products, LLC (“Pioneer Products” or “Pioneer”) and Magnolia Solar, Inc. (“Magnolia Solar”). Those assets are reported as held for sale and their operations are reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. The subsidiary Eco3d, LLC (“Eco3d”) was sold on April 14, 2017 and is also reported as held for sale and discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. The Company has 20 employees of continuing operations as of the date of this filing.

On September 26, 2017, the Company announced that its Board of Directors unanimously approved a new corporate strategy. The Company has transitioned from a diversified holding company into a company focused on its Zest Labs asset. The Company has divested all non-core holdings. In May 2018, the Ecoark Holdings Board approved a plan to sell key assets of Pioneer (including the assets of Sable) and Magnolia Solar. The sales were completed in 2019. Relevant assets and liabilities are classified as held for sale and operations are classified as discontinued in the consolidated financial statements. The Company will be focusing on three separate areas: the primary focus will continue to be the commercialization of the Zest Fresh solution across the country and abroad. The next area will be on licensing, partnerships, or joint ventures to apply a branding of the Zest Fresh certification to various perishable consumer goods and products. The final area will be to identify any bolt-on technologies or operations that can be acquired to open up new sales and distribution channels for the Zest solution.

~~On May 31, 2019, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with~~ Trend Discovery Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Trend Holdings”) ~~for~~.

Through its subsidiaries, the Company is engaged in three separate and distinct business segments: (i) technology; (ii) commodities; and (iii) financial.

On May 31, 2019, the Company a Delaware corporation (“Trend Holdings”), pursuant to ~~acquire 100% of~~which the Trend Holdings ~~pursuant to a merger of Trend Holdings~~merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”). The Merger was ~~completed~~consummated on the May 31, ~~2019 and as agreed in~~2019.

Pursuant to the Merger, ~~Agreement,~~ the Company ~~is the surviving entity in the Merger and the separate corporate existence of~~acquired Trend ~~Holdings has ceased to exist.~~

~~Trend Holding's~~Holding’s primary asset, ~~is Trend Discovery Capital Management.~~ Trend Discovery Capital Management, ~~manages several~~LLC (“Trend Capital Management”). Trend Capital Management provides services and collects fees from entities including Trend Discovery LP (“Trend LP”) and Trend Discovery SPV I.I (“Trend SPV”). Trend Discovery and Trend SPV invest in securities. Trend Capital Management does not invest in securities or have any role in the purchase of securities by Trend LP ~~is a hybrid hedge fund with a since inception track record of outperforming the S&P 500.~~and Trend ~~Discovery LP primarily invests in early-stage startups.~~ SPV.

In the near-term, Trend ~~Discovery LP's~~LP’s performance will be driven by its investment in Volans-i, a fully autonomous vertical takeoff and landing ~~("VTOL")~~ drone delivery ~~platform.~~platform (“Volans”). Trend ~~Discovery~~ LP currently owns approximately 1% of ~~Volans-i,~~Volans and has participation rights to future financings to maintain its ownership at 1% indefinitely. More information can be found at flyvoly.com.

~~Zest Labs offers freshness management solutions for fresh food growers, suppliers, processors, distributors, grocers~~ Our principal executive offices are located at 5899 Preston Road #505, Frisco, Texas 75034, and ~~restaurants. Its Zest Fresh solution~~our telephone number is a cloud-based post-harvest shelf-life and freshness management solution that improves delivered freshness of produce and protein and reduces post-harvest losses at the retailer due to temperature handling and processing by 50% or more by intelligently matching customer freshness requirements with actual product freshness. It focuses on four primary value propositions – operational efficiency, consistent food freshness, reduced waste, and improved food safety. Zest Fresh empowers workers with real-time analytic tools and alerts that improve efficiency while driving quality consistency through best practice adherence at a pallet level. Zest Labs also offers its Zest Delivery solution that provides real-time monitoring and control for prepared food delivery containers, helping delivery and dispatch personnel ensure the quality and safety of delivered food.

~~Zest Labs was previously known as Intelleflex Corporation. Effective on October 28, 2016, Intelleflex Corporation changed its name to Zest Labs, Inc. to align its corporate name with its mission~~(479) 259-2977. Our website address is http://ecoarkusa.com/. Our website and the ~~brand name~~information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in and are not considered part of ~~its products and services.~~this report.

Zest Labs has developed the industry’s first freshness metric called the Zest Intelligent Pallet Routing Code (“ZIPR Code”). The ZIPR Code has three main components: Harvest Quality which sets total freshness capacity (for example, 12 days for strawberries), Handling Impact which reflects aging acceleration due to improper handling, and Future Handling which accurately reflects how the product will be handled (for example, store shelf temperature may be 40 degrees Fahrenheit instead of the ideal 34 degrees Fahrenheit).

Zest Labs currently holds rights to 67 U.S. patents (with additional patents pending), numerous related foreign patents, and U.S. copyrights relating to certain aspects of its Zest software, hardware devices including Radio-Frequency Identification (“RFID”) technology, software, and services. In addition, Zest Labs has registered, and/or has applied to register trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and a number of foreign countries for “Intelleflex,” the Intelleflex logo, “Zest,” “Zest Data Services,” and the Zest, Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery logos, and numerous other trademarks and service marks. Many of Zest Labs’ products have been designed to include licensed intellectual property obtained from third-parties. Laws and regulations related to wireless communications devices in the jurisdictions in which Zest Labs operates and seeks to operate are extensive and subject to change. Wireless communication devices, such as RFID readers, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment dates.

Zest Labs is part of a very competitive industry that markets solutions to fresh food supply chain users, such as fresh food growers, producers and retailers. Many other companies that are both more established and command much greater resources compete in this market. While Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery offer new technical approaches and new user value, it remains uncertain if Zest Labs will gain sufficient adoption of its products to make them viable in the market. Further, it is unclear what industry competitors are developing that might address similar user needs. Zest Labs’ products provide a new approach for industry participants, and as with any new approach, adoption is uncertain as many in the industry can be slow to embrace new technology and/or new approaches. These market challenges can lead to extended sales cycles that may include extended pilot testing often at Zest Labs’ expense, for which the outcome remains unclear until the completion of each test. For these reasons, and others, forecasting new business adoption and future revenue can be very difficult and volatile. However,On March 27, 2020, the Company ~~believes that Zest Fresh offers fresh food retailers, growers, shippers, processors~~ and distributors an opportunity to differentiate their businesses in ways that the shipment of canned and boxed food products cannot, as competition in the agriculture, grocery, food service and restaurant markets continues to accelerate.

~~On May 18, 2017, the Company~~Banner Energy, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“Banner Parent”), entered into ~~an exchange agreement~~a Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement (the ~~“Exchange~~“Banner Purchase Agreement”) ~~with Zest Labs, 440labs, Inc.~~to acquire Banner Midstream Corp., a ~~Massachusetts~~Delaware corporation (“~~440labs”~~Banner Midstream”)~~, SphereIt, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (“SphereIt”) and three of 440labs’ executive employees.~~. Pursuant to the ~~Exchange Agreement,~~acquisition, Banner Midstream became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Banner Midstream has four operating subsidiaries: Pinnacle Frac Transport LLC (“Pinnacle Frac”), Capstone Equipment Leasing LLC (“Capstone”), White River Holdings Corp. (“White River”), and Shamrock Upstream Energy LLC (“Shamrock”). Pinnacle Frac provides transportation of frac sand and logistics services to major hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations. Capstone procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors. These two operating subsidiaries of Banner Midstream are revenue producing entities.

White River and Shamrock are engaged in oil and gas exploration, production, and drilling operations on ~~May 23, 2017~~over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

The Company has secured a commitment for a $35 million long-term loan from an institutional lender to make additional investments in the energy sector. The supply-side shock from OPEC production increases coupled with the demand-side impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to drive oil prices to historic lows, resulting in unprecedented investment opportunities. This financing positions the Company ~~acquired~~to take advantage of these unique investment opportunities in the energy market. The loan commitment specifies a 20-year term and will carry a 6.25% interest rate. The agreement is pending final review and is not guaranteed to close.

The Company converted all ofprincipal and interest in the ~~shares of 440labs in exchange for 300~~Trend SPV credit facility into shares of the Company’s common stock ~~issued to SphereIt. 440labs is a cloud~~on March 31, 2020. The conversion of approximately $2,525 of principal and ~~mobile software developer which is now a subsidiary~~$290 of ~~Zest Labs. 440labs’ three executive employees signed employment agreements pursuant to which each~~accrued interest resulted in the issuance of ~~the three executive employees received 100~~3,855 shares of common stock at a value of $0.59 per share. This transaction resulted in a $541 gain upon conversion.

On March 31, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to increase the authorized shares of common stock from 100 million to 200 million shares. The increase was approved by the Company’s shareholders at its annual meeting on February 27, 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and ~~became employed by Zest Labs. One~~Assumptions

Principles of ~~those employees resigned, and that position was filled with a new employee.~~Consolidation

The ~~acquisition~~consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ~~440labs~~Ecoark Holdings and its subsidiaries, collectively referred to as “the Company”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in ~~May 2017 allowed Zest Labs~~consolidation.

The Company applies the guidance of Topic 810 Consolidation of the ASC to ~~internally maintain its software development~~determine whether and ~~information solutions~~how to consolidate another entity. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 810-10-15-10 all majority-owned subsidiaries—all entities in which a parent has a controlling financial interest—are consolidated except when control does not rest with the parent. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 810-10-15-8, the usual condition for ~~cloud, mobile,~~a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority voting interest, and, ~~IoT applications. 440labs had been~~therefore, as a ~~key development partner with Zest Labs for~~general rule ownership by one reporting entity, directly or indirectly, of more than ~~four years prior~~50 percent of the outstanding voting shares of another entity is a condition pointing toward consolidation. The power to ~~the May 2017 acquisition, contributing its expertise in scalable enterprise cloud solutions and mobile applications.~~control may also exist with a lesser percentage of ownership, for example, by contract, lease, agreement with other stockholders, or by court decree.

~~Discontinued Operations~~The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”). It is management’s opinion that all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) have been made which are necessary for a fair financial statement presentation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, but are not limited to, management’s estimate of provisions required for uncollectible accounts receivable, fair value of assets held for sale and assets and liabilities acquired, impaired value of equipment and intangible assets, including goodwill, asset retirement obligations, estimates of discount rates in leases, liabilities to accrue, fair value of derivative liabilities associated with warrants, cost incurred in the satisfaction of performance obligations, permanent and temporary differences related to ~~discontinued operations include~~income taxes and determination of the ~~following transactions.~~fair value of stock awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

~~Sale~~The estimates of ~~Eco3d~~proved, probable and possible oil and gas reserves are used as significant inputs in determining the depletion of oil and gas properties and the impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proven, probable and possible reserves and in the projection of future rates of production and the timing of development expenditures. Similarly, evaluations for impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties are subject to numerous uncertainties including, among others, estimates of future recoverable reserves and commodity price outlooks. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized.

Cash consists of cash, demand deposits and money market funds with an original maturity of three months or less. The Company holds no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2020. The Company occasionally maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit. The Company ~~sold~~does not consider this risk to be material.

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ~~liabilities~~which range from two to ten years for all classes of property and ~~membership interests~~equipment, except leasehold improvements which are depreciated over the term of the lease, which is shorter than the estimated useful life of the improvements.

ASC 360 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used by an entity be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in ~~Eco3d to~~circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company has early adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2017-04 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a ~~group led by executives~~material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviews recoverability of ~~Eco3d after~~long-lived assets on a periodic basis whenever events and changes in circumstances have occurred which may indicate a possible impairment. The assessment for potential impairment is based primarily on the Company’s ~~Board concluded that Eco3d did not fit~~ability to recover the carrying value of its long-lived assets from expected future ~~strategic direction~~cash flows from its operations on an undiscounted basis. If such assets are determined to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the ~~Company. The Company received $2,029 in cash and 560 shares~~assets exceeds the fair value of the ~~Company’s common stock~~assets.

ASC 360-10 addresses criteria to be considered for long-lived assets expected to be disposed of by sale. Six criteria are listed in ASC 360-10-45-9 that ~~were~~must be met in order for assets to be classified as held ~~by executives of Eco3d, which shares were canceled. In accordance with ASC 205-20 and having met~~for sale. Once the criteria ~~for “held for sale”, the Company reflected amounts relating to Eco3d as a disposal group~~are met, long-lived assets classified as held for sale are to be measured at ~~March 31, 2017 and included them as part~~the lower of ~~discontinued operations~~carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

These intangible assets are being amortized over estimated flows over the estimated useful lives of ten years for the ~~all periods presented. There was no significant continuing involvement with Eco3d following~~customer relationships and on a straight-line basis over five years for the ~~sale. Gain~~non-compete agreements. These intangible assets will be amortized commencing April 1, 2020. Any expenditures on ~~the sale of $636 was recognized in~~intangible assets through the Company’s ~~quarter ended June 30, 2017.~~

~~On May 3, 2016, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement by~~filing of patent and among the Company, Pioneer Products, Sable Polymer Solutions, LLC, an Arkansas limited liability company (“Sable”), and the holder of all of Sable’s membership interests. The Company issued 2,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchangetrademark protection for ~~all of Sable’s membership interests. Sable has since been a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pioneer Products. In May 2018 the Ecoark Holdings Board approved a plan to sell Pioneer and Sable.~~

On March 12, 2019 Sable sold substantially all of its assets other than cash and receivables to Kal-Polymers Americas, LLC (“Kal”) for $1,553, $825 of which was paid at closing and $726 was paid subsequent to March 31, 2019. Kal assumed the lease obligations of Sable, and the Company agreed to perform certain transition services for Kal for up to six months, principally accounting and systems support. That support has now been completed.

The Company ~~operates~~assesses the impairment of identifiable intangibles whenever events or changes in ~~markets for products~~circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors the Company considers to be important which could trigger an impairment review include the following:

When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangibles may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment and ~~services that are highly competitive~~the carrying value of the asset cannot be recovered from projected undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment charge. The Company measures any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the current business model. Significant management judgment is required in determining whether an indicator of impairment exists and ~~face aggressive competition~~ in ~~all areas of their business.~~projecting cash flows.

The ~~market~~Company uses the full cost method of accounting for ~~cloud-based, real-time supply chain analytic solutions—~~its investment in oil and natural gas properties. Under the ~~market~~full cost method of accounting, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs are capitalized. General and administrative costs related to production and general overhead are expensed as incurred.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit of production method using estimates of proved reserves. Disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which ~~Zest Labs competes—~~case the gain or loss is ~~rapidly evolving. There~~recognized in operations. Unproved properties and development projects are ~~several new competitors~~not amortized until proved reserves associated with ~~competing technologies, including companies~~the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that ~~have greater resources than Ecoark Holdings, which operate in this space. Some~~the properties are impaired, the amount of ~~these companies are subsidiaries~~the loss from operations before income taxes and the adjusted carrying amount of ~~large publicly traded companies that have brand recognition, established relationships with retailers, and own~~ the ~~manufacturing process.~~unproved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.

~~We sell~~Under the full-cost method of accounting, we are required, at the end of each reporting date, to perform a test to determine the limit on the book value of our oil and gas properties (the “Ceiling” test). If the capitalized costs of our oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes, exceed the Ceiling, the excess or impairment is charged to expense. The expense may not be reversed in future periods, even though higher oil and gas prices may subsequently increase the Ceiling. The Ceiling is defined as the sum of: (a) the present value, discounted at 10% and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions, of (1) estimated future gross revenues from proved reserves, which is computed using oil and gas prices determined as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month hedging arrangements pursuant to SAB 103, less (2) estimated future expenditures (based on current costs) to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves; plus, (b) the cost of properties being amortized; plus, (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproven properties included in the costs being amortized, net of (d) the related tax effects related to the difference between the book and tax basis of our oil and natural gas properties. A ceiling test was performed as of March 31, 2020 and there was no indication of impairment on the oil and gas properties.

Reserve engineering is a subjective process that is dependent upon the quality of available data and interpretation thereof, including evaluations and extrapolations of well flow rates and reservoir pressure. Estimates by different engineers often vary sometimes significantly. In addition, physical factors such as results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate, as well as economic factors such as changes in product prices, may justify revision of such estimates. Because proved reserves are required to be estimated using recent prices of the evaluation, estimated reserve quantities can be significantly impacted by changes in product prices.

Asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) primarily represent the estimated present value of the amount the Company will incur to plug, abandon and remediate its producing properties at the projected end of their productive lives, in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The Company determined its ARO by calculating the present value of the estimated cash flows related to the obligation. The retirement obligation is recorded as a liability at its estimated present value as of the obligation’s inception, with an offsetting increase to proved properties.

The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with ASC 985-730 Software Research and Development, and ASC 985-20 Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed. ASC 985-20 requires that costs related to the development of the Company’s productsbe capitalized as an asset when incurred subsequent to the point at which technological feasibility of the enhancement is established and prior to when a product is available for general release to customers. ASC 985-20 specifies that technological feasibility can be established by the completion of a detailed program design. Costs incurred prior to achieving technological feasibility are expensed. The Company does utilize detailed program designs; however, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established and ~~services principally through direct sales efforts~~as a result software development costs have been expensed as incurred.

Research and ~~the utilization of third-party agents. Zest Labs has marketing operations and programs for demand generation, public relations, and branding/messaging.~~ Development Costs

Research and ~~Development~~development costs are expensed as incurred. These costs include internal salaries and related costs and professional fees for activities related to development. These costs relate to the Zest Data Services platform, Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery.

We have devoted a substantial amount of our resources to software and hardware development activities in recent years, principally for the Zest initiatives. Ecoark Holdings has analyzed the competitive factors affecting the market for the solutions and services its subsidiaries provide and believes its products and services compete favorably by offering integrated solutions to customers. The Company has incurred research and development expenses of $3,320 and $5,576 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, to develop its solutions and differentiate those solutions from competitive offerings. We did not capitalize software development costs in the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, nor in any prior period.

~~Zest Labs has had 67 patents issued by~~Subsequent events were evaluated through the ~~United States Patent and Trademark Office, and additional patent applications are currently pending.~~date the consolidated financial statements were filed.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which the Company early adopted effective April 1, 2017. No cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit was required as a result of this adoption, and the early adoption did not have a material impact on our ~~services and products is discussed~~consolidated financial statements as no material arrangements prior to the adoption were impacted under the ~~section of this report entitled “~~~~Business.~~” new pronouncement.

~~Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates~~The Company accounts for a contract when it has been approved and ~~Assumptions~~committed to, each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred have been identified, the payment terms have been identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability is probable. Revenue is generally recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Revenue recognition for multiple-element arrangements requires judgment to determine if multiple elements exist, whether elements can be accounted for as separate units of accounting, and if so, the fair value for each of the elements.

~~In reading and understanding~~Revenue from software license agreements of Zest Labs is recognized over time or at a point in time depending on the ~~Company’s discussion~~evaluation of ~~results~~when the customer obtains control of ~~operations, liquidity and capital resources, and~~ the ~~audited financial statements that follow, one should be aware~~promised goods or services over the term of ~~key policies, judgments and assumptions that are important~~the agreement. For agreements where the software requires continuous updates to provide the ~~portrayal~~intended functionality, revenue is recognized over the term of ~~financial conditions and results. The Company’s continuing operations have not generated sufficient revenues and related cash flows to date to fund~~ the Company’s operations. That raises a question as to whether we are a “going concern”. Because we have been successful at raising capital and have a substantial credit facility in place, we assume that we will continue operations and thus have not used liquidation accounting which would assume that liquidation was imminent.

Our revenues from fiscal periods prior to 2018 were generated principally from the sale of hardware. In the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, revenues were principally from a professional services project and more importantly fromagreement. For Software as a Service (“SaaS”) ~~arrangements~~contracts that ~~we expect~~include multiple performance obligations, including hardware, perpetual software licenses, subscriptions, term licenses, maintenance and other services, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates of the price that would be charged to the customer for each promised product or service if it were sold on a ~~principal source of~~standalone basis. For contracts for new products and services where standalone pricing has not been established, the Company allocates revenue into each performance obligation based on estimates using the ~~future. We adopted~~adjusted market assessment approach, the expected cost plus a ~~new accounting policy for revenue recognition~~margin approach or the residual approach as appropriate under the circumstances. Contracts are typically on April 1, 2017 that had no impact on historical reported results, and it positions us for what we expect our business to be in the future. It requires judgment to apply, but in plain English it recognizes revenuethirty-day payment terms from when the Company ~~fulfills~~satisfies the ~~obligations it has committed~~performance obligation in the contract.

Revenue under master service agreements is recorded upon the performance obligation being satisfied. Typically, the satisfaction of the performance obligation occurs upon the frac sand load being delivered to the customer site and this load being successfully invoiced and accepted by the Company’s factoring agent.

The Company accounts for contract costs in ~~agreements~~accordance with ~~customers. Judgment~~ASC Topic 340-40, Contracts with Customers. The Company recognizes the cost of sales of a contract as expense when incurred or at the time a performance obligation is ~~also required to estimate~~satisfied. The Company recognizes an asset from the costs ~~associated with those revenues.~~to fulfill a contract only if the costs relate directly to a contract, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying a performance obligation in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. The ~~transition from Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 605~~incremental costs of obtaining a contract are capitalized unless the costs would have been incurred regardless of whether the contract was obtained.

Cost of sales for Pinnacle Frac includes all direct expenses incurred to ~~ASC 606, Revenue, was~~produce the revenue for the period. This includes, but is not ~~material~~limited to, ~~our financial statements.~~direct employee labor, direct contract labor and fuel.

Accounts Receivable and Concentration of ~~our operating expenses results~~Credit Risk

The Company considers accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, to be fully collectible. The allowance is based on management’s estimate of the overall collectability of accounts receivable, considering historical losses, credit insurance and economic conditions. Based on these same factors, individual accounts are charged off against the allowance when management determines those individual accounts are uncollectible. Credit extended to customers is generally uncollateralized, however credit insurance is obtained for some customers. Past-due status is based on contractual terms.

For Pinnacle Frac, accounts receivable is comprised of unsecured amounts due from ~~non-cash~~customers that have been conveyed to a factoring agent without recourse. Pinnacle Frac receives an advance from the factoring agent of 98% of the amount invoiced to the customer within one business day. The Company recognizes revenue for 100% of the gross amount invoiced, records an expense for the 2% finance charge by the factoring agent, and realizes cash for the 98% net proceeds received.

The Company follows ASC 740-10 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. This requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. Management evaluates their tax positions on an annual basis.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction and various state tax jurisdictions. The federal and state income tax returns of the Company are subject to examination by the IRS and state taxing authorities, generally for three years after they were filed.

The Company follows ASC 710-10 Compensation – General. The Company records liabilities and expense when obligations are attributable to services already rendered, will be paid even if an employee is terminated, payment is probable, and the amount can be estimated.

The Company follows ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation and has early adopted ASU 2017-09 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting as of July 1, 2017. The Company calculates compensation expense for all awards granted, but not yet vested, based on the grant-date fair values. Share-based compensation expense for all awards granted is based on the grant-date fair values. The Company recognizes these compensation costs, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, on a pro rata basis over the requisite service period of each vesting tranche of each award. The Company considers voluntary termination behavior as well as trends of actual option forfeitures when estimating the forfeiture rate.

The Company facilitates payment of the employee tax withholdings resulting from the issuances of these awards by remitting the employee taxes and recovering the resulting amounts due from the employee either via payments from employees or from the sale of shares issued sufficient to cover the amounts due the Company.

The Company measured compensation expense for its non-employee share-based compensation ~~which~~under ASC 505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees through March 31, 2019. The fair value of the options and shares issued is ~~typical~~used to measure the transactions, as this is more reliable than the fair value of ~~technology companies. Nearly two-thirds~~the services received. The fair value is measured at the value of ~~fiscal 2019 operating expenses~~the Company’s common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty’s performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to expense, or to a prepaid expense if shares of common stock are issued in advance of services being rendered, and ~~more than one-third~~additional paid-in capital.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting effective April 1, 2017. Cash paid when shares were directly withheld for tax withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity in the statement of ~~fiscal 2018 operating expenses resulted~~cash flows. There were no other impacts from this share-based compensation. We have granted shares, options and warrants to employees, consultants and investors as incentives to generate success for the Company instead of making cash payments. The accounting calculations for this type of compensation can be complex and are derived from models like the Black-Scholes option pricing model that requires judgment in making assumptions and developing estimates.adoption.

~~We used~~In June 2018, the ~~Black-Scholes option pricing model~~FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to ~~estimate derivative~~Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent with accounting for employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASC 825 Financial Instruments requires the Company to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments. Fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions are set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments: The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, ~~associated with warrants issued in conjunction with capital raises. See additional discussion~~and amounts payable to related parties, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those ~~transactions~~instruments. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s debt instruments also approximates fair value.

The Company followed ASC 840 Leases in ~~Notes~~accounting for leased properties through March 31, 2019. Effective April 1, ~~and 3~~2019, the Company adopted ASC 842 Leases.

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) include additional dilution from common stock equivalents, such as convertible notes, preferred stock, stock issuable pursuant to the ~~financial statements.~~exercise of stock options and warrants. Common stock equivalents are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share when the Company reports a loss because to do so would be anti-dilutive for periods presented, so only basic weighted average number of common shares are used in the computations.

We have also invested heavily in research and development expenses. Those investments have required cash payments principally for the development of our software solutions and the testing of those solutions in our labs and on some customer projects. We have not capitalized any of that development effort, so there are no R&D costs to amortize in the future.Derivative Financial Instruments

~~Given~~The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the ~~strategic focus on Zest Labs moving forward, we divested~~Company’s financial instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company generally uses a Black-Scholes model, as applicable, to value the ~~remaining assets~~derivative instruments at inception and ~~operations that principally consisted~~subsequent valuation dates when needed. The classification of ~~our plastic resin and trash can business.~~derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is remeasured at the end of each reporting period. The ~~decision to divest approved by our Board resulted in the reclassification of current and historical amounts related to those businesses. Judgment was required~~Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of the derivative liabilities.

ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. ASC 820 classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:

Level 2 inputs: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal stockholders of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal stockholders of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal where one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all material related-party transactions. All transactions shall be recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 and later updated with ASU 2019-01 in March 2019 Leases (Topic 842). The ASU’s change the accounting for leased assets, ~~that we~~principally by requiring balance sheet recognition of assets under lease arrangements. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. On adoption, the Company recognized additional operating liabilities of approximately $99, with corresponding right of use assets of $99 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under leasing standards for existing operating leases.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to ~~sell prior~~simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the ~~final sales. We recorded impairments or non-cash write-downs of some of~~guidance consistent accounting for employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those ~~assets, including intangible assets that include goodwill.~~

Weyears, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019. The adoption did not have been conservative in our treatment of income taxes. Our historical losses have resulted in net operating losses for tax purposes. Applying accounting policies, we have recorded a “valuation allowance” against both current and future tax benefits of the losses. We will not recognize any benefits until such time as we are assured that we will generate taxable income.

~~In addition to the accounting policy and standard we adopted for revenue recognition, we adopted several other new accounting standards in fiscal 2018. None of these had~~ a material impact on ~~present~~our consolidated financial statements.

There were updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or ~~past~~application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial ~~reporting, but we believe~~position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280-10 Segment Reporting. This standard requires that companies disclose operating segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company in making internal operating decisions. The Company and its Chief Operating Decision Makers determined that the ~~early adoption~~Company’s operations effective with the May 31, 2019, acquisition of ~~a number~~Trend Holdings and the March 27, 2020 acquisition of ~~these standards positions us well for the future.~~Banner Midstream now consist of three segments, Trend Holdings (Finance), Banner Midstream (Commodities) and Zest Labs (Technology).

~~Results of Continuing Operations for the Years Ended~~Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 ~~and 2018~~

~~Revenues for~~As the Company acquired Trend Holdings and Banner Midstream during the year ended March 31, ~~2019 were $1,062 as compared to $558 for~~2020 and sold Pioneer, Sable and Magnolia, the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 and fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 periods are not comparable. Accordingly, many of the variances between operating revenues and operating expenditures are the result of these acquisitions and disposals.

Revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $581 as compared to $1,062 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Revenues were comprised of $175 and $0 in the financing segment; $173 and $1,062 in the technology segment; and $233 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenues of $1,000 ~~and $500~~ for 2019 ~~and 2018, respectively,~~ were from a project with Walmart related to freshness solutions. The ~~SaaS revenues~~acquisitions of ~~$62~~Trend Discovery and ~~$58~~Banner Midstream generated segment reporting in ~~2019 and 2018 were from projects with grocers and produce growers and in 2019 from a precooling operation.~~the year ended March 31, 2020.

Cost of revenues for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was ~~$699~~$259 as compared to ~~$243~~$699 for ~~2018. The significant increase was directly related~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cost of Revenues were comprised of $0 and $0 in the financing segment; $165 and $699 in the technology segment; and $94 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Gross margins increased from 34% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to 55% for the ~~higher revenues from the project with Walmart; however, after paying $1,000 for work on that project, Walmart did not pay the final $500. Gross margin decreased from 56% in 2018 to 34% in 2019~~fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 due to ~~higher~~lower costs involved with executing the projects.

Operating expenses for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were ~~$14,511~~$10,129 as compared to ~~$38,845~~$14,511 for ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Operating expenses were comprised of $729 and $0 in the financing segment; $9,330 and $14,511 in the technology segment; and $70 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The ~~$24,334~~$4,382 decrease, or ~~63%~~approximately 30%, was due principally to ~~share-based non-cash compensation which decreased by $21,874 to $3,078~~changes in ~~2019 from $24,952~~operations for Zest Labs in ~~2018. Operating~~their selling expenses ~~excluding share-based non-cash compensation for 2019 decreased $2,460 from 2018 principally due to~~as well as reductions in ~~salaries~~depreciation, amortization and ~~related costs and lower research and development expense offset by increases~~impairment expenses as many of the intangible assets had been impaired in ~~depreciation and impairment.~~2019.

Salaries and related costs for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $3,668, decreasing $1,180 from $4,848 ~~down $21,114 from $25,962~~ for ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease resulted primarily from a ~~$19,400~~ decrease in share-based compensation that did not require cash payments. A portion of that cost was derived from estimates of stock option expense calculated using a Black-Scholes model which can vary based on assumptions utilized and share-based compensation expense from awards of stock grants. Additional information on that equity expense can be found in ~~Note 13 to~~ the consolidated financial statements, which complies with critical accounting policies driven by ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”)~~ASC 718-10. In the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2018, reductions in staff were implemented to reduce the cash expenditures of the Company after Walmart did not execute a significant multi-year contract that the Company was led to believe would occur.

Professional fees and consulting expenses for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 of ~~$1,315, were down $3,497,~~$2,333, increased $1,018, or ~~73%~~43%, from ~~$4,812~~$1,315 incurred for ~~2018.~~

the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The increase in professional fees was the result of increases in share-based compensation and consulting expenses due to the reliance of consultants rather than employees during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

Share-based non-cash compensation of ~~$405~~$1,692 in ~~2019 was down $2,424~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 increased $1,287 from ~~$2,410~~$405 recorded in 2018. Advisors and consultants associated with compliance requirements of becoming a public entity and capital raising efforts were incurred in 2018, a number of which did not recur in 2019 as cost control measures were instituted. A portion of that share-based compensation cost was calculated using a Black-Scholes model which can vary based on assumptions utilized.the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Additional information on that equity expense can be found in ~~Note 13 to~~ the consolidated financial statements, which complies with critical accounting policies driven by ASC 505-50.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were ~~$1,671~~$1,370 compared with ~~$1,677~~$1,671 for ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cost reduction initiatives were focused on salary related and professional fees costs. Spending in other areas included sales and business development efforts were not reduced.

Depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were ~~$3,357~~$286 compared to ~~$818~~$3,357 for ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses were comprised of $0 and $0 in the financing segment; $282 and $3,357 in the technology segment; and $4 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The ~~$2,539 increase~~$3,071 decrease resulted primarily from impairment of long-lived tangible and intangible assets related to Zest Labs following loss of the expected contract from Walmart ~~and depreciation on assets that had been reclassified from inventory~~offset by charges related to ~~fixed assets at~~the acquisition of Banner Midstream. We anticipate large increases in the fiscal year ending March 31, ~~2018.~~2021 in depreciation due to this acquisition as opposed to having only 4 days’ worth of expenses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

Research and development expense decreased ~~40%~~26% to $2,472 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared with $3,320 in ~~2019 compared with $5,576 in 2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The ~~$2,256~~$848 reduction in costs related primarily to the maturing of development of the Zest Labs freshness ~~solutions and the termination of joint development efforts with Walmart that had been incurred in 2018.~~

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was ~~$3,160~~a loss of ($369) as compared to ~~$9,316~~income of $3,160 for ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The ~~$6,156~~$3,529 decrease was a result of ~~less~~the volatility in the stock price in ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared to ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. In addition, there was a loss in 2020 from the extinguishment of the derivative liabilities that when converted to shares of common stock of $2,099.

Interest expense, net of interest income, for ~~2019~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was ~~$417~~$422 as compared to ~~$55~~$417 for ~~2018.~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The ~~$362~~ increase was a result of interest incurred on a $10,000 credit facility established in December ~~2018.~~

2018 offset by the interest for 4 days in the debt assumed in the Banner acquisition. We anticipate for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 interest expense to be higher than the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as a result of this acquisition and the assumed debt.

Net loss for the year ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$13,650~~$12,137 as compared to ~~$32,836~~$13,650 for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~$19,186~~$1,513 decrease in net loss was primarily due to the ~~$25,342~~ decrease in operating expenses described above offset ~~by an increase of $48 in gross profit, a decrease of $6,156 in~~ the change in the fair value of derivative ~~liabilities and the increase in net interest expense of $362.~~liabilities. As described in Note 1513 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a net operating loss carryforward for income tax purposes totaling approximately ~~$98,293~~$109,794 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that can be utilized to reduce future income taxes. A valuation allowance has been estimated such that no deferred tax assets have been recognized in the financial statements. The net loss was comprised of $554 and $0 in the financing segment; $11,637 and $13,650 in the technology segment; and net income of $52 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

On April 14, 2017, the Company sold the assets, liabilities and membership interests in Eco3d to a group led by executives of Eco3d after the Company’s Board concluded that Eco3d did not fit the future strategic direction of the Company. In accordance with ASC 205-20, and having met the criteria for “held for sale”, the Company had reflected amounts relating to Eco3d as a disposal group classified as held for sale at March 31, 2017 and has included amounts relating to Eco3d as part of discontinued operations. In addition, as a result of receiving letters of intent for the sale of key assets of Sable, Pioneer and Magnolia Solar, and the approval by the Company’s Board to sell the assets, those assets are included in assets held for sale and their operations included in discontinued operations.

Loss from discontinued operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was $2,300, an improvement from the loss of $4,181 incurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Revenues from discontinued operations were $9,883 up slightly from $9,541 infor the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Sable increased revenues by 20% due to a 10% increase in shipments and achieving higher selling prices per pound. Pioneer had a 30% decrease in sales due to a 23% decrease in shipments and a lower price per unit. The discontinued operations as of March 31, 2020 relates to a segment of the Banner Midstream business, Pinnacle Vac which had nominal activity in 2020.

Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations, and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. Significant factors in the management of liquidity are funds generated by operations, levels of accounts receivable and accounts payable and capital expenditures.

To date we have financed our operations through sales of common stock and the issuance of ~~debt, including funds from a $10,000 credit facility established with a lender in December 2018. The Company is required to pay interest biannually on~~debt. Significant capital raising during the outstanding principal amount of each loan under the credit facility calculated at an annual rate of 12%. The Company is able to request draws from the lender up to $1,000 with a cap of $10,000, including the $1,000 advanced on December 28, 2018 and an additional $350 advanced through March 31, 2019. If principal is prepaid, the loans may not be re-borrowed and the cap of $10,000 shall be reduced. The Company may make a request for a loan or loans from the lender, at any one time and from time to time, from the dateyear consisted of the ~~agreement until~~following:

In addition to these transactions, the earlier of (i) demand by the lender or (ii) December 27, 2020 or the earlier termination of the agreement pursuant to the terms thereof. Loans made pursuant to the agreement are secured by a security interestCompany in the ~~Company’s collateral held with~~period April 1, 2020 through June 25, 2020, entered into the ~~lender and guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiary, Zest Labs.~~following transactions:

The Company pays to the lender a 3.5% commitment fee on the principal amount of each loan requested. The Company also paid an arrangement fee of $300 to the lender upon execution of the agreement. The fees were netted from proceeds from the $1,000 initial advance. Zest Labs is a plaintiff in a litigation styled as~~Zest Labs, Inc. vs WalMart, Inc., Case Number 4:18-cv-00500~~ filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas (the “Zest Litigation”). The Company agrees that within five days of receipt by Zest Labs or the Company of any settlement proceeds from the Zest Litigation, the Company will pay or cause to be paid over to lender an additional fee in an amount equal to (i) 0.50 multiplied by (ii) the highest aggregate principal balance of the loans over the life of the loans through the date of the payment from settlement proceeds; provided, however, that such additional fee shall not exceed the amount of the settlement proceeds. See additional details regarding the credit facility in Note 10 to the financial statements.

At March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 we had cash (including restricted cash) of ~~$244~~$406 and ~~$3,730,~~$244, respectively, and a working capital deficit of $16,689 and $5,045 as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in ~~2019 compared with a~~the working capital deficit ~~of $433 at the end of 2018. The decrease in working capital~~ is the result of the ~~net cash used~~liabilities assumed in ~~operating activities, offset by~~ the ~~cash flows from financing activities and a reduction resulting from the reclassification of Zest Labs inventory to property and equipment.~~Banner Midstream acquisition. The Company is dependent upon raising additional capital from future financing ~~transactions.~~transactions and had raised approximately $6,294 in a warrant exercise in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The revenue generating operations of Banner Midstream will continue to improve the liquidity of the Company moving forward. The COVID-19 pandemic has had minimal impact on our operations to date, but the effect of this pandemic on the capital markets may affect some of our operations. The Company was successful in the repayment of a large portion of the debt assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition in the first fiscal quarter of 2021.

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$9,040~~$5,490 for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of ~~$17,643~~$9,040 for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Cash used in operating activities is related to the Company’s net loss partially offset by non-cash expenses, including share-based compensation and depreciation, amortization and impairments. The decrease in operating cash burn was impacted favorably by collections of receivables and lower cash used by discontinued operations as a result of concerted efforts to improve those operations prior to sale.

Net cash ~~provided by~~used in investing activities was ~~$536~~$775 for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, as compared to ~~$1,752~~$536 net cash provided for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Net cash provided by investing activities in 2019 related to proceeds from the sale of Sable assets and for ~~2018~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 related to the proceeds from the sale of ~~Eco3d.~~Magnolia. Both ~~2019~~the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and ~~2018~~2019 uses are related to purchases of property and equipment. In addition, the Company loaned $1,000 to Banner Midstream prior to the acquisition, which is now reflected as an intercompany advance and is eliminated in consolidation as of March 31, 2020.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $6,427 that included $2,980 (net of fees) raised via issuance of preferred stock and warrants, $2,000 raised in the exchange of warrants, $1,137 provided through the credit facility, $403 raised from proceeds from notes payable from related parties offset by a $75 repayment, and $18 of repayments of long-term debt and amounts due prior owners. This compared with 2019 ~~was~~amounts of $5,018 provided by financing that included $4,221 (net of fees) raised via issuance of stock, $1,350 provided through the credit facility, offset by a $500 repayment of debt and purchases of treasury shares of $53. This compared with 2018 amounts of $10,975 provided by financing, including $12,693 (net of fees) raised in private placement offerings, offset by purchases of treasury shares of $1,618 and repayment of debt to related parties of $100.

~~At March 31, 2019, $1,350 related to the $10,000 credit facility was due.~~ Other commitments and contingencies are disclosed in Note 1412 to the consolidated financial statements.

Since our inception, the Company has experienced negative cash flow from operations and expects to experience significant negative cash flow from operations in the future. We will need to raise additional funds in the future so that we can continue to expand operations and repay indebtedness. The inability to obtain additional capital may restrict our ability to grow and may reduce the ability to continue to conduct business operations.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), as of March 31, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared ~~assuming~~in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”). It is management’s opinion that ~~the Company will continue as~~all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) have been made which are necessary for a ~~going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the~~fair financial statement presentation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements the Company has sustained significant operating losses and needs to obtain additional financing to continue its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

~~To the Board of Directors and Stockholders~~
~~of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries~~

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years ended March 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2018, and the results of its consolidated operations and its cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the ~~United States~~U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of ~~America.~~assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, but are not limited to, management’s estimate of provisions required for uncollectible accounts receivable, fair value of assets held for sale and assets and liabilities acquired, impaired value of equipment and intangible assets, including goodwill, asset retirement obligations, estimates of discount rates in leases, liabilities to accrue, fair value of derivative liabilities associated with warrants, cost incurred in the satisfaction of performance obligations, permanent and temporary differences related to income taxes and determination of the fair value of stock awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

~~We have also audited~~The estimates of proved, probable and possible oil and gas reserves are used as significant inputs in ~~accordance~~determining the depletion of oil and gas properties and the impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proven, probable and possible reserves and in the projection of future rates of production and the timing of development expenditures. Similarly, evaluations for impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties are subject to numerous uncertainties including, among others, estimates of future recoverable reserves and commodity price outlooks. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized.

Cash consists of cash, demand deposits and money market funds with ~~the standards~~an original maturity of ~~the Public~~three months or less. The Company ~~Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting~~holds no cash equivalents as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020. The Company occasionally maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit. The Company does not consider this risk to be material.

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from two to ten years for all classes of property and equipment, except leasehold improvements which are depreciated over the term of the lease, which is shorter than the estimated useful life of the improvements.

ASC 360 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used by an entity be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company has early adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2017-04 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviews recoverability of long-lived assets on a periodic basis whenever events and changes in circumstances have occurred which may indicate a possible impairment. The assessment for potential impairment is based primarily on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying value of its long-lived assets from expected future cash flows from its operations on an undiscounted basis. If such assets are determined to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

ASC 360-10 addresses criteria to be considered for long-lived assets expected to be disposed of by sale. Six criteria are listed in ASC 360-10-45-9 that must be met in order for assets to be classified as held for sale. Once the criteria are met, long-lived assets classified as held for sale are to be measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

These intangible assets are being amortized over estimated flows over the estimated useful lives of ten years for the customer relationships and on a straight-line basis over five years for the non-compete agreements. These intangible assets will be amortized commencing April 1, 2020. Any expenditures on intangible assets through the Company’s filing of patent and trademark protection for Company-owned inventions are expensed as incurred.

The Company assesses the impairment of identifiable intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors the Company considers to be important which could trigger an impairment review include the following:

When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangibles may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment and the carrying value of the asset cannot be recovered from projected undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment charge. The Company measures any impairment based on ~~criteria established~~a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the current business model. Significant management judgment is required in determining whether an indicator of impairment exists and in projecting cash flows.

~~2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by~~Oil and Gas Properties

The Company uses the ~~Committee~~full cost method of ~~Sponsoring Organizations~~accounting for its investment in oil and natural gas properties. Under the full cost method of accounting, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs are capitalized. General and administrative costs related to production and general overhead are expensed as incurred.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit of production method using estimates of proved reserves. Disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized in operations. Unproved properties and development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the ~~Treadway Commission~~loss from operations before income taxes and the adjusted carrying amount of the unproved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.

Under the full-cost method of accounting, we are required, at the end of each reporting date, to perform a test to determine the limit on the book value of our oil and gas properties (the “Ceiling” test). InIf the capitalized costs of our ~~opinion,~~oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes, exceed the ~~Company did~~Ceiling, the excess or impairment is charged to expense. The expense may not ~~maintain,~~be reversed in ~~all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting~~future periods, even though higher oil and gas prices may subsequently increase the Ceiling. The Ceiling is defined as the sum of: (a) the present value, discounted at 10% and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions, of (1) estimated future gross revenues from proved reserves, which is computed using oil and gas prices determined as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month hedging arrangements pursuant to SAB 103, less (2) estimated future expenditures (based on current costs) to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves; plus, (b) the cost of properties being amortized; plus, (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproven properties included in the costs being amortized, net of (d) the related tax effects related to the ~~lack~~difference between the book and tax basis of ~~segregation~~our oil and natural gas properties. A ceiling test was performed as of ~~duties,~~March 31, 2020 and there was no indication of impairment on the ~~lack~~oil and gas properties.

Reserve engineering is a subjective process that is dependent upon the quality of ~~communication on current information for inclusion~~available data and interpretation thereof, including evaluations and extrapolations of well flow rates and reservoir pressure. Estimates by different engineers often vary sometimes significantly. In addition, physical factors such as results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate, as well as economic factors such as changes in ~~disclosures~~product prices, may justify revision of such estimates. Because proved reserves are required to be estimated using recent prices of the ~~quarterly~~evaluation, estimated reserve quantities can be significantly impacted by changes in product prices.

Asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) primarily represent the estimated present value of the amount the Company will incur to plug, abandon and ~~annual filings,~~remediate its producing properties at the projected end of their productive lives, in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The Company determined its ARO by calculating the present value of the estimated cash flows related to the obligation. The retirement obligation is recorded as a liability at its estimated present value as of the obligation’s inception, with an offsetting increase to proved properties.

The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with ASC 985-730 Software Research and Development, and ASC 985-20 Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed. ASC 985-20 requires that costs related to the development of the Company’s productsbe capitalized as an asset when incurred subsequent to the point at which technological feasibility of the enhancement is established and prior to when a product is available for general release to customers. ASC 985-20 specifies that technological feasibility can be established by the completion of a detailed program design. Costs incurred prior to achieving technological feasibility are expensed. The Company does utilize detailed program designs; however, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established and as a result software development costs have been expensed as incurred.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. These costs include internal salaries and related costs and professional fees for activities related to development. These costs relate to the Zest Data Services platform, Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery.

Subsequent events were evaluated through the date the consolidated financial statements were filed.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which the Company early adopted effective April 1, 2017. No cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit was required as a result of this adoption, and the early adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as no material arrangements prior to the adoption were impacted under the new pronouncement.

The Company accounts for a contract when it has been approved and committed to, each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred have been identified, the payment terms have been identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability is probable. Revenue is generally recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Revenue recognition for multiple-element arrangements requires judgment to determine if multiple elements exist, whether elements can be accounted for as separate units of accounting, and if so, the fair value for each of the elements.

Revenue from software license agreements of Zest Labs is recognized over time or at a point in time depending on the evaluation of when the customer obtains control of the promised goods or services over the term of the agreement. For agreements where the software requires continuous updates to provide the intended functionality, revenue is recognized over the term of the agreement. For Software as a Service (“SaaS”) contracts that include multiple performance obligations, including hardware, perpetual software licenses, subscriptions, term licenses, maintenance and other services, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates of the price that would be charged to the customer for each promised product or service if it were sold on a standalone basis. For contracts for new products and services where standalone pricing has not been established, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates using the adjusted market assessment approach, the expected cost plus a margin approach or the residual approach as appropriate under the circumstances. Contracts are typically on thirty-day payment terms from when the Company satisfies the performance obligation in the contract.

The Company accounts for contract costs in accordance with ASC Topic 340-40, Contracts with Customers. The Company recognizes the cost of sales of a contract as expense when incurred or at the time a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes an asset from the costs to fulfill a contract only if the costs relate directly to a contract, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying a performance obligation in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are capitalized unless the costs would have been incurred regardless of whether the contract was obtained.

Cost of sales for Pinnacle Frac includes all direct expenses incurred to produce the revenue for the period. This includes, but is not limited to, direct employee labor, direct contract labor and fuel.

For Pinnacle Frac, accounts receivable is comprised of unsecured amounts due from customers that have been conveyed to a factoring agent without recourse. Pinnacle Frac receives an advance from the factoring agent of 98% of the amount invoiced to the customer within one business day. The Company recognizes revenue for 100% of the gross amount invoiced, records an expense for the 2% finance charge by the factoring agent, and realizes cash for the 98% net proceeds received.

The Company measured compensation expense for its non-employee share-based compensation under ASC 505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees through March 31, 2019. The fair value of the options and shares issued is used to measure the transactions, as this is more reliable than the fair value of the services received. The fair value is measured at the value of the Company’s common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty’s performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to expense, or to a prepaid expense if shares of common stock are issued in advance of services being rendered, and additional paid-in capital.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent with accounting for ~~certain~~employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASC 825 Financial Instruments requires the Company to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments. Fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions are set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments: The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and amounts payable to related parties, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s debt instruments also approximates fair value.

The Company followed ASC 840 Leases in accounting for leased properties through March 31, 2019. Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842 Leases.

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) include additional dilution from common stock equivalents, such as convertible notes, preferred stock, stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and ~~equity transactions which have resulted~~warrants. Common stock equivalents are not included in the ~~restatement~~computation of diluted earnings per share when the Company reports a loss because to do so would be anti-dilutive for periods presented, so only basic weighted average number of common shares are used in the computations.

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial ~~statements.~~instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company generally uses a Black-Scholes model, as applicable, to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates when needed. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is remeasured at the end of each reporting period. The Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of the derivative liabilities.

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal stockholders of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal stockholders of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal where one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all material ~~weakness~~related-party transactions. All transactions shall be recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 and later updated with ASU 2019-01 in March 2019 Leases (Topic 842). The ASU’s change the accounting for leased assets, principally by requiring balance sheet recognition of assets under lease arrangements. It is ~~a deficiency, or a combination~~effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. On adoption, the Company recognized additional operating liabilities of ~~deficiencies, in internal control over financial~~approximately $99, with corresponding right of use assets of $99 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under leasing standards for existing operating leases.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent accounting for employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting ~~such that there is a reasonable possibility that~~periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material ~~misstatement~~impact on our consolidated financial statements.

There were updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280-10 Segment Reporting. This standard requires that companies disclose operating segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company in making internal operating decisions. The Company and its Chief Operating Decision Makers determined that the Company’s operations effective with the May 31, 2019, acquisition of Trend Holdings and the March 27, 2020 acquisition of Banner Midstream now consist of three segments, Trend Holdings (Finance), Banner Midstream (Commodities) and Zest Labs (Technology).

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019

As the Company acquired Trend Holdings and Banner Midstream during the year ended March 31, 2020 and sold Pioneer, Sable and Magnolia, the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 periods are not comparable. Accordingly, many of the ~~annual~~variances between operating revenues and operating expenditures are the result of these acquisitions and disposals.

Revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $581 as compared to $1,062 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Revenues were comprised of $175 and $0 in the financing segment; $173 and $1,062 in the technology segment; and $233 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenues of $1,000 for 2019 were from a project with Walmart related to freshness solutions. The acquisitions of Trend Discovery and Banner Midstream generated segment reporting in the year ended March 31, 2020.

Cost of revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $259 as compared to $699 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cost of Revenues were comprised of $0 and $0 in the financing segment; $165 and $699 in the technology segment; and $94 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Gross margins increased from 34% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to 55% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 due to lower costs involved with executing the projects.

Operating expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $10,129 as compared to $14,511 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Operating expenses were comprised of $729 and $0 in the financing segment; $9,330 and $14,511 in the technology segment; and $70 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $4,382 decrease, or ~~interim financial statements will~~approximately 30%, was due principally to changes in operations for Zest Labs in their selling expenses as well as reductions in depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses as many of the intangible assets had been impaired in 2019.

Salaries and related costs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $3,668, decreasing $1,180 from $4,848 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease resulted primarily from a decrease in share-based compensation that did not require cash payments. A portion of that cost was derived from estimates of stock option expense calculated using a Black-Scholes model which can vary based on assumptions utilized and share-based compensation expense from awards of stock grants. Additional information on that equity expense can be ~~prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses referred to above is described~~found in ~~Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. We considered these material weaknesses in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of~~ the consolidated financial statements, which complies with critical accounting policies driven by ASC 718-10.

Professional fees and consulting expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 of $2,333, increased $1,018, or 43%, from $1,315 incurred for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The increase in professional fees was the result of increases in share-based compensation and consulting expenses due to the reliance of consultants rather than employees during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

Share-based non-cash compensation of $1,692 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 increased $1,287 from $405 recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Additional information on that equity expense can be found in the consolidated financial statements, which complies with critical accounting policies driven by ASC 505-50.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $1,370 compared with $1,671 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cost reduction initiatives were focused on salary related and professional fees costs. Spending in other areas included sales and business development efforts were not reduced.

Depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $286 compared to $3,357 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses were comprised of $0 and $0 in the financing segment; $282 and $3,357 in the technology segment; and $4 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $3,071 decrease resulted primarily from impairment of long-lived tangible and intangible assets related to Zest Labs following loss of the expected contract from Walmart offset by charges related to the acquisition of Banner Midstream. We anticipate large increases in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 in depreciation due to this acquisition as opposed to having only 4 days’ worth of expenses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

Research and development expense decreased 26% to $2,472 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared with $3,320 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The $848 reduction in costs related primarily to the maturing of development of the Zest Labs freshness solutions.

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was a loss of ($369) as compared to income of $3,160 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The $3,529 decrease was a result of the volatility in the stock price in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. In addition, there was a loss in 2020 from the extinguishment of the derivative liabilities that when converted to shares of common stock of $2,099.

Interest expense, net of interest income, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $422 as compared to $417 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The increase was a result of interest incurred on a $10,000 credit facility established in December 2018 offset by the interest for 4 days in the debt assumed in the Banner acquisition. We anticipate for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 interest expense to be higher than the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as a result of this acquisition and the assumed debt.

Net loss for the year ended March 31, ~~2018, and our opinion regarding~~2020 was $12,137 as compared to $13,650 for the ~~effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.~~

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respectfiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The $1,513 decrease in net loss was primarily due to the ~~Company~~decrease in ~~accordance with~~operating expenses described above offset the ~~U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.~~

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal controls over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosureschange in the ~~financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation~~fair value of ~~the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.~~

~~The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.~~derivative liabilities. As ~~discussed~~described in Note 113 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has ~~sustained significant~~a net operating ~~losses~~loss carryforward for income tax purposes totaling approximately $109,794 at March 31, 2020 that can be utilized to reduce future income taxes. A valuation allowance has been estimated such that no deferred tax assets have been recognized in the financial statements. The net loss was comprised of $554 and ~~needs~~$0 in the financing segment; $11,637 and $13,650 in the technology segment; and net income of $52 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Loss from discontinued operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was $2,300, an improvement from the loss of $4,181 incurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Revenues from discontinued operations were $9,883 up slightly from $9,541 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Sable increased revenues by 20% due to ~~obtain~~a 10% increase in shipments and achieving higher selling prices per pound. Pioneer had a 30% decrease in sales due to a 23% decrease in shipments and a lower price per unit. The discontinued operations as of March 31, 2020 relates to a segment of the Banner Midstream business, Pinnacle Vac which had nominal activity in 2020.

To date we have financed our operations through sales of common stock and the issuance of debt. Significant capital raising during the year consisted of the following:

In addition to these transactions, the Company in the period April 1, 2020 through June 25, 2020, entered into the following transactions:

At March 31, 2020 and 2019 we had cash (including restricted cash) of $406 and $244, respectively, and a working capital deficit of $16,689 and $5,045 as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the working capital deficit is the result of the liabilities assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition. The Company is dependent upon raising additional capital from future financing transactions and had raised approximately $6,294 in a warrant exercise in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The revenue generating operations of Banner Midstream will continue to ~~continue~~improve the ~~services they provide. These conditions raise substantial doubt about~~liquidity of the Company moving forward. The COVID-19 pandemic has had minimal impact on our operations to date, but the effect of this pandemic on the capital markets may affect some of our operations. The Company was successful in the repayment of a large portion of the debt assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition in the first fiscal quarter of 2021.

Net cash used in operating activities was $5,490 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $9,040 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cash used in operating activities is related to the Company’s ~~ability to continue~~net loss partially offset by non-cash expenses, including share-based compensation and depreciation, amortization and impairments. The decrease in operating cash burn was impacted favorably by collections of receivables and lower cash used by discontinued operations as a ~~going concern. Management’s plans~~result of concerted efforts to improve those operations prior to sale.

Net cash used in ~~regard~~investing activities was $775 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to ~~these matters~~$536 net cash provided for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Net cash provided by investing activities in 2019 related to proceeds from the sale of Sable assets and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 related to the proceeds from the sale of Magnolia. Both the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 uses are ~~also described~~related to purchases of property and equipment. In addition, the Company loaned $1,000 to Banner Midstream prior to the acquisition, which is now reflected as an intercompany advance and is eliminated in consolidation as of March 31, 2020.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $6,427 that included $2,980 (net of fees) raised via issuance of preferred stock and warrants, $2,000 raised in the exchange of warrants, $1,137 provided through the credit facility, $403 raised from proceeds from notes payable from related parties offset by a $75 repayment, and $18 of repayments of long-term debt and amounts due prior owners. This compared with 2019 amounts of $5,018 provided by financing that included $4,221 (net of fees) raised via issuance of stock, $1,350 provided through the credit facility, offset by a $500 repayment of debt and purchases of treasury shares of $53.

Other commitments and contingencies are disclosed in Note ~~1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.~~

~~As discussed in Note 3~~12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has identified errors in the accounting for certain embedded derivative liabilities in connection with warrants issued in capital raises. As a result of these errors, the Company recognized $13,010 (in thousands) in derivative liabilities as of March 31, 2018, that were previously recorded in stockholders’ equity as additional paid in capital. In addition, the Company recognized $9,316 (in thousands) of gains in the fair value of these derivative liabilities, resulting in a liability of $3,694 (in thousands) at March 31, 2018. These errors resulted in decreasing the net loss for the year ended March 31, 2018 from $42,152 (in thousands) to $32,836 (in thousands) and decreasing the loss per share from ($0.93) to ($0.72).statements.

For discontinued operations of Magnolia Solar, services contracts include research contracts for the government. The contracts define delivery dates for which the performance obligation will be satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized over time based on the output method to measure the Company’s progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company considers accounts receivable, net of allowance for ~~returns and~~ doubtful accounts, to be fully collectible. The allowance is based on management’s estimate of the overall collectability of accounts receivable, considering historical losses, credit insurance and economic conditions. Based on these same factors, individual accounts are charged off against the allowance when management determines those individual accounts are uncollectible. Credit extended to customers is generally uncollateralized, however credit insurance is obtained for some customers. Past-due status is based on contractual terms.

For Pinnacle Frac, accounts receivable is comprised of unsecured amounts due from customers that have been conveyed to a factoring agent without recourse. Pinnacle Frac receives an advance from the factoring agent of 98% of the amount invoiced to the customer within one business day. The Company recognizes revenue for 100% of the gross amount invoiced, records an expense for the 2% finance charge by the factoring agent, and realizes cash for the 98% net proceeds received.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company follows ASC 740-10Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. This requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. Management evaluates their tax positions on an annual basis.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction and various state tax jurisdictions. The federal and state income tax returns of the Company are subject to examination by the IRS and state taxing authorities, generally for three years after they were filed.

Vacation and Paid-Time-Off Compensation
The Company follows ASC 710-10Compensation – General. The Company records liabilities and expense when obligations are attributable to services already rendered, will be paid even if an employee is terminated, payment is probable, and the amount can be estimated.

Share-Based Compensation
The Company follows ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation and has early adopted ASU 2017-09Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting as of July 1, 2017. The Company calculates compensation expense for all awards granted, but not yet vested, based on the grant-date fair values. Share-based compensation expense for all awards granted is based on the grant-date fair values. The Company recognizes these compensation costs, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, on a pro rata basis over the requisite service period of each vesting tranche of each award. The Company considers voluntary termination behavior as well as trends of actual option forfeitures when estimating the forfeiture rate.
The Company facilitates payment of the employee tax withholdings resulting from the issuances of these awards by remitting the employee taxes and recovering the resulting amounts due from the employee either via payments from employees or from the sale of shares issued sufficient to cover the amounts due the Company.
The Company measured compensation expense for its non-employee share-based compensation under ASC 505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees through March 31, 2019. The fair value of the options and shares issued is used to measure the transactions, as this is more reliable than the fair value of the services received. The fair value is measured at the value of the Company’s common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty’s performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to expense, or to a prepaid expense if shares of common stock are issued in advance of services being rendered, and additional paid-in capital.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting effective April 1, 2017. Cash paid when shares were directly withheld for tax withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows. There were no other impacts from this adoption.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent with accounting for employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC 825 Financial Instruments requires the Company to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments. Fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions are set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments: The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and amounts payable to related parties, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s debt instruments also approximates fair value.
Leases
The Company followed ASC 840 Leases in accounting for leased properties through March 31, 2019. Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842 Leases.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) include additional dilution from common stock equivalents, such as convertible notes, preferred stock, stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and warrants. Common stock equivalents are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share when the Company reports a loss because to do so would be anti-dilutive for periods presented, so only basic weighted average number of common shares are used in the computations.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company generally uses a Black-Scholes model, as applicable, to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates when needed. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is remeasured at the end of each reporting period. The Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of the derivative liabilities.
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. ASC 820 classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:
Level 1 inputs: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 inputs: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 inputs: Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.
Related-Party Transactions
Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal stockholders of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal stockholders of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal where one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all material related-party transactions. All transactions shall be recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 and later updated with ASU 2019-01 in March 2019 Leases (Topic 842). The ASU’s change the accounting for leased assets, principally by requiring balance sheet recognition of assets under lease arrangements. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. On adoption, the Company recognized additional operating liabilities of approximately $99, with corresponding right of use assets of $99 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under leasing standards for existing operating leases.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent accounting for employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
There were updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Segment Information
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280-10 Segment Reporting. This standard requires that companies disclose operating segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company in making internal operating decisions. The Company and its Chief Operating Decision Makers determined that the Company’s operations effective with the May 31, 2019, acquisition of Trend Holdings and the March 27, 2020 acquisition of Banner Midstream now consist of three segments, Trend Holdings (Finance), Banner Midstream (Commodities) and Zest Labs (Technology).
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
As the Company acquired Trend Holdings and Banner Midstream during the year ended March 31, 2020 and sold Pioneer, Sable and Magnolia, the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 periods are not comparable. Accordingly, many of the variances between operating revenues and operating expenditures are the result of these acquisitions and disposals.
Revenues
Revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $581 as compared to $1,062 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Revenues were comprised of $175 and $0 in the financing segment; $173 and $1,062 in the technology segment; and $233 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenues of $1,000 for 2019 were from a project with Walmart related to freshness solutions. The acquisitions of Trend Discovery and Banner Midstream generated segment reporting in the year ended March 31, 2020.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit
Cost of revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $259 as compared to $699 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cost of Revenues were comprised of $0 and $0 in the financing segment; $165 and $699 in the technology segment; and $94 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Gross margins increased from 34% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to 55% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 due to lower costs involved with executing the projects.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $10,129 as compared to $14,511 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Operating expenses were comprised of $729 and $0 in the financing segment; $9,330 and $14,511 in the technology segment; and $70 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $4,382 decrease, or approximately 30%, was due principally to changes in operations for Zest Labs in their selling expenses as well as reductions in depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses as many of the intangible assets had been impaired in 2019.
Salaries and Salary Related Costs
Salaries and related costs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $3,668, decreasing $1,180 from $4,848 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease resulted primarily from a decrease in share-based compensation that did not require cash payments. A portion of that cost was derived from estimates of stock option expense calculated using a Black-Scholes model which can vary based on assumptions utilized and share-based compensation expense from awards of stock grants. Additional information on that equity expense can be found in the consolidated financial statements, which complies with critical accounting policies driven by ASC 718-10.
Professional Fees and Consulting
Professional fees and consulting expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 of $2,333, increased $1,018, or 43%, from $1,315 incurred for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The increase in professional fees was the result of increases in share-based compensation and consulting expenses due to the reliance of consultants rather than employees during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
Share-based non-cash compensation of $1,692 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 increased $1,287 from $405 recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Additional information on that equity expense can be found in the consolidated financial statements, which complies with critical accounting policies driven by ASC 505-50.

Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $1,370 compared with $1,671 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cost reduction initiatives were focused on salary related and professional fees costs. Spending in other areas included sales and business development efforts were not reduced.
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment
Depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were $286 compared to $3,357 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Depreciation, amortization and impairment expenses were comprised of $0 and $0 in the financing segment; $282 and $3,357 in the technology segment; and $4 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $3,071 decrease resulted primarily from impairment of long-lived tangible and intangible assets related to Zest Labs following loss of the expected contract from Walmart offset by charges related to the acquisition of Banner Midstream. We anticipate large increases in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 in depreciation due to this acquisition as opposed to having only 4 days’ worth of expenses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
Research and Development
Research and development expense decreased 26% to $2,472 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared with $3,320 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The $848 reduction in costs related primarily to the maturing of development of the Zest Labs freshness solutions.
Interest and Other Expense
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was a loss of ($369) as compared to income of $3,160 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The $3,529 decrease was a result of the volatility in the stock price in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. In addition, there was a loss in 2020 from the extinguishment of the derivative liabilities that when converted to shares of common stock of $2,099.
Interest expense, net of interest income, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $422 as compared to $417 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The increase was a result of interest incurred on a $10,000 credit facility established in December 2018 offset by the interest for 4 days in the debt assumed in the Banner acquisition. We anticipate for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 interest expense to be higher than the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as a result of this acquisition and the assumed debt.
Net Loss
Net loss for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $12,137 as compared to $13,650 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The $1,513 decrease in net loss was primarily due to the decrease in operating expenses described above offset the change in the fair value of derivative liabilities. As described in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a net operating loss carryforward for income tax purposes totaling approximately $109,794 at March 31, 2020 that can be utilized to reduce future income taxes. A valuation allowance has been estimated such that no deferred tax assets have been recognized in the financial statements. The net loss was comprised of $554 and $0 in the financing segment; $11,637 and $13,650 in the technology segment; and net income of $52 and $0 in the commodity segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Results of Discontinued Operations
Loss from discontinued operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was $2,300, an improvement from the loss of $4,181 incurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Revenues from discontinued operations were $9,883 up slightly from $9,541 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Sable increased revenues by 20% due to a 10% increase in shipments and achieving higher selling prices per pound. Pioneer had a 30% decrease in sales due to a 23% decrease in shipments and a lower price per unit. The discontinued operations as of March 31, 2020 relates to a segment of the Banner Midstream business, Pinnacle Vac which had nominal activity in 2020.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations, and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. Significant factors in the management of liquidity are funds generated by operations, levels of accounts receivable and accounts payable and capital expenditures.
To date we have financed our operations through sales of common stock and the issuance of debt. Significant capital raising during the year consisted of the following:
(a) ● On August 21, 2019, the Company and two accredited investors entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to the investors an aggregate of 2 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share at a price of $1,000 per share. Each share of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000 and is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into the number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value by the conversion price of $0.51, subject to certain limitations and adjustments (the “Conversion Price”).
● On October 15, 2019, nearly all the Series B Preferred Stock shares were converted into 3,761 shares of Common Stock.

● On January 26, 2020, the Company entered into letter agreements (the “Letter Agreements”) with accredited institutional investors (the “Investors”) holding the warrants issued with the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock on August 21, 2019 (the “Warrants”). Pursuant to the Letter Agreements, the Investors agreed to a cash exercise of the Warrants at a price of $0.51. The Company additionally, granted 5,882 warrants at $0.90. On January 27, 2020, the Company received approximately $2,000 in cash from the exercise of the August 2019 warrants and issued the January 2020 warrants to the investors, which have an exercise price of $0.90 and may be exercised within five years of issuance.
(b) ● On October 28, 2019, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement with investors (the “Investors”) that are the holders of warrants issued in the Company’s purchase agreements entered into on (i) March 17, 2017 (the “March Purchase Agreement” and such warrants, the “March Warrants”) and (ii) May 26, 2017 (the “May Purchase Agreement” and such warrants, the “May Warrants”. The March Warrants and the May Warrants (collectively, the “Existing Securities”) were amended to, among other amendments, reduce the exercise price of the Existing Securities to $0.51.
● Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement and in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company issued 2,243 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Investors in exchange for the 2,875 of the Existing Securities. Upon the issuance of the 2,243 shares, the 2,875 Existing Securities were extinguished.
(c) ● On November 11, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), the Company and two institutional accredited investors (each an “Investor” and, collectively, the “Investors”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to the Investors an aggregate of 1,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share (the “Private Placement”).
● Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to each Investor a warrant (a “Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), equal to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock purchased by the Investor. Each Warrant has an exercise price equal to $0.73, subject to full ratchet price only anti-dilution provisions in accordance with the terms of the Warrants (the “Exercise Price”) and is exercisable for five years after the Effective Date. In addition, if the market price of the Common Stock for the five trading days prior to July 22, 2020 is less than $0.73, holder of the warrants shall be entitled to receive additional shares of common stock based on the number of shares of common stock that would have been issuable upon conversion of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock had the initial conversion price been equal to the market price at such time (but not less than $0.25) less the number of shares of common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock based on the $0.73 conversion price.
● Each share of the Series C Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000 (the “Stated Value”) and is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into the number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value by the conversion price of $0.73, subject to certain limitations and adjustments (the “Conversion Price”).
In addition to these transactions, the Company in the period April 1, 2020 through June 25, 2020, entered into the following transactions:
(a)
On April 16, 2020, the Company received $386 in Payroll Protection Program funding related to Ecoark Holdings, and the Company also received on April 13, 2020, $1,482 in Payroll Protection Program funds for Pinnacle Frac LLC, a subsidiary of Banner Midstream.
(b) On May 1, 2020, an institutional investor elected to convert its remaining shares of Series B Preferred shares into 161 common shares.
(c) On April 1 and May 5, 2020, two institutional investors elected to convert their 1 Series C Preferred share into 1,379 common shares.
(d) On May 10, 2020, the Company received approximately $6,294 from accredited institutional investors holding 1,379 warrants issued on November 13, 2019 with an exercise price of $0.73 and holding 5,882 warrants with an exercise price of $0.90. The Company agreed to issue to these investors an additional number of warrants as a condition of their agreement to exercise the November 2019 warrants.
At March 31, 2020 and 2019 we had cash (including restricted cash) of $406 and $244, respectively, and a working capital deficit of $16,689 and $5,045 as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the working capital deficit is the result of the liabilities assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition. The Company is dependent upon raising additional capital from future financing transactions and had raised approximately $6,294 in a warrant exercise in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The revenue generating operations of Banner Midstream will continue to improve the liquidity of the Company moving forward. The COVID-19 pandemic has had minimal impact on our operations to date, but the effect of this pandemic on the capital markets may affect some of our operations. The Company was successful in the repayment of a large portion of the debt assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition in the first fiscal quarter of 2021.

Net cash used in operating activities was $5,490 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $9,040 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Cash used in operating activities is related to the Company’s net loss partially offset by non-cash expenses, including share-based compensation and depreciation, amortization and impairments. The decrease in operating cash burn was impacted favorably by collections of receivables and lower cash used by discontinued operations as a result of concerted efforts to improve those operations prior to sale.
Net cash used in investing activities was $775 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $536 net cash provided for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Net cash provided by investing activities in 2019 related to proceeds from the sale of Sable assets and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 related to the proceeds from the sale of Magnolia. Both the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 uses are related to purchases of property and equipment. In addition, the Company loaned $1,000 to Banner Midstream prior to the acquisition, which is now reflected as an intercompany advance and is eliminated in consolidation as of March 31, 2020.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was $6,427 that included $2,980 (net of fees) raised via issuance of preferred stock and warrants, $2,000 raised in the exchange of warrants, $1,137 provided through the credit facility, $403 raised from proceeds from notes payable from related parties offset by a $75 repayment, and $18 of repayments of long-term debt and amounts due prior owners. This compared with 2019 amounts of $5,018 provided by financing that included $4,221 (net of fees) raised via issuance of stock, $1,350 provided through the credit facility, offset by a $500 repayment of debt and purchases of treasury shares of $53.
Other commitments and contingencies are disclosed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2020
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms F-2
Balance Sheets F-3
Statements of Operations F-4
Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) F-5
Statements of Cash Flows F-6
Notes to Financial Statements F-7 – F-39

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Audit Committee and Board of Directors
Ecoark Holdings, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended March 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two-year ended March 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principles
As discussed the notes to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, effective April 1, 2019.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ RBSM LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
Larkspur, California
June 29, 2020

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF MARCH 31
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2020 2019
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash ($85 and $35 pledged as collateral for credit as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively) $ 406 $ 244
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $500 and $573 as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively 172 520
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 676 900
Current assets held for sale – (Note 2) - 23
Total current assets 1,254 1,687
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property and equipment, net 3,965 824
Intangible assets, net 2,350 -
Goodwill 10,225 -
Right of use assets 731 -
Oil and gas properties, full cost method 6,135 -
Non-current assets held for sale – (Note 2) 249 -
Other assets 7 27
Total non-current assets 23,662 851
TOTAL ASSETS $ 24,916 $ 2,538

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable $ 751 $ 1,416
Accrued liabilities 3,036 828
Due to prior owners 2,358 -
Current portion of long-term debt 6,401 1,350
Notes payable – related parties 2,172 -
Derivative liabilities 2,775 3,104
Current portion of lease liability 222 -
Current liabilities of discontinued operations 228 -
Current liabilities held for sale – (Note 2) - 34
Total current liabilities 17,943 6,732
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Lease liability, net of current portion 510
Long-term debt, net of current portion 421 -
Asset retirement obligation 295 -
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Total liabilities 19,169 6,732

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Numbers of shares rounded to thousands)

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; 1 and 0 (Series C) issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively - -
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000 and 100,000 shares authorized, 85,876 shares issued and 85,291 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and 52,571 shares issued and 51,986 outstanding as of March 31, 2019 86 53
Additional paid-in-capital 135,355 113,310
Accumulated deficit (128,023 ) (115,886 )
Treasury stock, at cost (1,671 ) (1,671 )
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) 5,747 (4,194 )
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) $ 24,916 $ 2,538
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2020 2019

CONTINUING OPERATIONS:
REVENUES (Note 4) $ 581 $ 1,062

COST OF REVENUES 259 699

GROSS PROFIT 322 363
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Salaries and salary related costs, including non-cash share-based compensation of $2,124 and $2,722 for 2020 and 2019, respectively (Note 11) 3,668 4,848
Professional fees and consulting, including non-cash share-based compensation of $1,692 and $405 for 2020 and 2019, respectively (Note 11) 2,333 1,315
Other selling, general and administrative 1,370 1,671
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment 286 3,357
Research and development 2,472 3,320
Total operating expenses 10,129 14,511
Loss from continuing operations before other expenses (9,807 ) (14,148 )

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (369 ) 3,160
Loss on exchange of warrants for common stock (2,099 ) -
Gain on conversion of credit facility 541 -
Gain on sale of equipment 17 -
Interest expense, net of interest income (422 ) (417 )
Total other income (2,332 ) 2,743
LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (12,139 ) (11,405 )
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:
Loss from discontinued operations (- ) (2,300 )
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations 2 57
Total discontinued operations 2 (2,243 )
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES - (2 )
NET LOSS $ (12,137 ) $ (13,650 )

NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted: Continuing operations $ (0.18 ) $ (0.23 )
Discontinued operations $ (0.00 ) $ (0.04 )
Total $ (0.18 ) $ (0.27 )

SHARES USED IN CALCULATION OF NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted 64,054 51,010
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019
(Dollar amounts and number of shares in thousands)
Preferred Common Additional
Paid-In- Accumulated Treasury
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Stock Total
Balances at March 31, 2018 - $ - 49,468 $ 49 $ 108,585 $ (102,236 ) $ (1,618 ) $ 4,780

Shares issued for cash in private placement, net of expenses - - 2,969 3 1,648 - - 1,651

Share-based compensation – options – Board of Directors - - - - 400 - - 400

Share-based compensation – stock – services rendered - - - - (14 ) - - (14 )

Share-based compensation – stock, options – employees - - 134 1 2,691 - - 2,692

Purchase shares from employees in lieu of taxes - - - - - - (53 ) (53 )

Net loss for the period - - - - - (13,650 ) - (13,650 )

Balances at March 31, 2019 - - 52,571 53 113,310 (115,886 ) (1,671 ) (4,194 )

Shares issued in acquisition of Trend Holdings - - 5,500 5 3,232 - - 3,237

Shares issued in the exercise of warrants, net of adjustments to derivative liabilities - - 6,520 6 5,473 - - 5,479

Shares issued in exercise of warrants for cash - - 3,922 4 1,996 - - 2,000

Shares issued for services rendered - - 802 1 716 - - 717

Shares issued in conversion of debt and accrued interest - - 3,855 4 2,271 - - 2,275

Shares issued in acquisition of Banner Midstream - - 8,945 9 4,857 - - 4,866

Shares issued for cash (Series B), net of expenses and adjustments to derivative liabilities 2 - -- - 405 - - 405

Shares issued for cash (Series C), net of expenses and adjustments to derivative liabilities 1 - - - - - - -

Conversion of preferred shares (Series B) to common shares (2 ) - 3,761 4 (4 ) - - -

Stock based compensation - - - - 3,099 - - 3,099

Net loss for the period - - - - (12,137 ) - (12,137 )

Balances at March 31, 2020 1 $ - 85,876 $ 86 $ 135,355 $ (128,023 ) $ (1,671 ) $ 5,747
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31
(Dollars in thousands)
2020 2019

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (12,137 ) $ (13,650 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and impairment 286 3,357
Gain on sale of assets (17 ) -
Bad debt expense -   486
Interest expense on warrant derivative liabilities 107 -
Share-based compensation - services rendered 717 400
Share-based compensation - employees 3,099 2,673
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities 369 (3,160 )
Gain on exchange of warrants 2,099 -
Gain on conversion of debt (541 ) -
Commitment fee on credit facility 38 -
Adjusted loss from discontinued operations -   1,848
Gain on sale of discontinued operations -   (57 )
Loss on retirement of assets -   5
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 475 1,611
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 537 (36 )
Other assets 21 (26 )
Accounts payable (838 ) (934 )
Accrued liabilities 329 291
Deferred revenue (23 ) -
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations (5,479 ) (7,192 )
Net cash used in discontinued operations (11 ) (1,848 )
Net cash used in operating activities (5,490 ) (9,040 )

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations -   825
Purchases of property and equipment -   (289 )
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 17 -
Cash acquired in acquisition of Trend Discovery 3 -
Cash acquired in acquisition of Banner Midstream 205 -
Investment in Banner Midstream (pre-acquisition) (1,000 ) -
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (775 ) 536

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of fees -   4,221
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrants, net of fees 2,980 -
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants into common stock 2,000 -
Proceeds from credit facility 1,137 1,350
Purchase of treasury shares from employees -   (53 )
Proceeds from notes payable – related parties 403 -
Repayments of amounts due to prior owners (4 ) -
Repayments of notes payable - related parties (75 ) -
Repayments of debt (14 ) (500 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 6,427 5,018
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH 162 (3,486 )
Cash and restricted cash - beginning of period 244 3,730
Cash and restricted cash - end of period $ 406 $ 244

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash paid for interest $ 295 $ 382
Cash paid for income taxes $ -   $ 2

SUMMARY OF NONCASH ACTIVITIES:
Assets and liabilities acquired via acquisition of companies:
Acquisition of Trend Discovery:
Other receivables $ 10 $ -
Goodwill $ 3,222 $ -
Other assets $ 1 $ -
Acquisition of Banner Midstream:
Accounts receivable $ 110 $ -
Oil and gas receivables $ 7 $ -
Prepaid expenses $ 578 $ -
Property and equipment $ 3,426 $ -
Right of use assets $ 731 $ -
Oil and gas properties $ 6,135 $ -
Customer relationships $ 2,100 $ -
Non-compete agreements $ 250 $ -
Goodwill $ 7,003 $ -
Assets of discontinued operations $ 249 $ -
Accounts payable $ 268 $ -
Accrued expenses $ 1,721 $ -
Due to prior owners $ 2,362 $ -
Accrued interest $ 640 $ -
Other current liabilities $ 1 $ -
Lease liability $ 732 $ -
Liabilities of discontinued operations $ 228 $ -
Asset retirement obligation $ 295 $ -
Notes payable – related parties $ 1,844 $ -
Long-term debt $ 6,836 $ -

Conversion of long-term debt and accrued interest for common stock $ 2,275 $ -
Shares issued for warrant exercise and derivative liability $ 5,479 $ -
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock $ 4 $ -
Issuance of shares for prepaid services $ 247 $ -
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
NOTE 1: ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Ecoark Holdings is a diversified holding company, incorporated in the state of Nevada on November 19, 2007. Ecoark Holdings has four wholly owned subsidiaries: Ecoark, Inc. (“Ecoark”), a Delaware corporation which is the parent of Zest Labs, Inc. (“Zest Labs”), 440IoT Inc., a Nevada corporation (“440IoT”), Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream” and Trend Discovery Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Trend Holdings”). Zest Labs, offers the Zest Fresh solution, a breakthrough approach to quality management of fresh food, specifically designed to help substantially reduce the $161 billion amount of food loss the U.S. experiences each year. Banner Midstream is engaged in oil and gas exploration, production and drilling operations on over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Banner Midstream also provides transportation and logistics services and procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors. Trend Holdings invests in a select number of early stage startups each year as part of the fund’s Venture Capital strategy.
Trend Capital Management provides services and collects fees from entities including Trend Discovery LP and Trend Discovery SPV I. Trend Discovery LP and Trend Discovery SPV I invest in securities. Neither Trend Holdings nor Trend Capital Management invest in securities or have any role in the purchase of securities by Trend Discovery LP and Trend Discovery SPV I. In the near-term, Trend Discovery LP’s performance will be driven by its investment in Volans-i, a fully autonomous vertical takeoff and landing (“VTOL”) drone delivery platform. Trend Discovery LP currently owns approximately 1% of Volans-i and has participation rights to future financings to maintain its ownership at 1% indefinitely. More information can be found at flyvoly.com.
440IoT Inc. was incorporated in 2019 and is located near Boston, Massachusetts and is a software development and information solutions provider for cloud, mobile, and IoT (Internet of Things) applications.
On March 27, 2020, the Company and Banner Energy Services Corp., a Nevada corporation (“Banner Parent”), entered into a Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Banner Purchase Agreement”) to acquire Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream”). Pursuant to the acquisition, Banner Midstream became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and Banner Parent received shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Banner Midstream.
Banner Midstream has four operating subsidiaries: Pinnacle Frac Transport LLC (“Pinnacle Frac”), Capstone Equipment Leasing LLC (“Capstone”), White River Holdings Corp. (“White River”), and Shamrock Upstream Energy LLC (“Shamrock”). Pinnacle Frac provides transportation of frac sand and logistics services to major hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations. Capstone procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors. These two operating subsidiaries of Banner Midstream are revenue producing entities White River and Shamrock are engaged in oil and gas exploration, production, and drilling operations on over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ecoark Holdings and its subsidiaries, collectively referred to as “the Company”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Ecoark Holdings is a holding company that holds 100% of Ecoark and Magnolia Solar. Ecoark holds 100% of Eco360, Pioneer Products (which owned 100% of Sable), Zest Labs.
In May 2018 the Ecoark Holdings Board approved a plan to sell key assets of Pioneer (including the assets of Sable) and Magnolia Solar. Both of these subsidiaries were sold in May 2019.
On May 31, 2019, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Trend Discovery Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Trend Holdings”) for the Company to acquire 100% of Trend Holdings pursuant to a merger of Trend Holdings with and into the Company (the “Merger”). The Merger was completed, and Trend Holdings is now included in the consolidated financial statements.
On March 27, 2020, the Company and Banner Energy Services Corp, a Nevada corporation (“Banner Parent”), entered into a Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Banner Purchase Agreement”) to acquire Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream”). Pursuant to the acquisition, Banner Midstream became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and Banner Parent received shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Banner Midstream.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
The Company applies the guidance of Topic 810 Consolidation of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) to determine whether and how to consolidate another entity.  Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 810-10-15-10 all majority-owned subsidiaries—all entities in which a parent has a controlling financial interest—are consolidated except when control does not rest with the parent. Pursuant to ASC Paragraph 810-10-15-8, the usual condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority voting interest, and, therefore, as a general rule ownership by one reporting entity, directly or indirectly, of more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting shares of another entity is a condition pointing toward consolidation. The power to control may also exist with a lesser percentage of ownership, for example, by contract, lease, agreement with other stockholders, or by court decree.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”). It is management’s opinion that all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) have been made which are necessary for a fair financial statement presentation.
Reclassification
The Company has reclassified certain amounts in the fiscal 2019 consolidated financial statements to comply with the 2020 presentation. These principally relate to classification of certain revenues, cost of revenues and related segment data, as well as certain research and development expenses. Reclassifications relating to the discontinued operations of Pioneer, Sable and Magnolia are described further in Note 2 for 2019 and Pinnacle Vac for 2020.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, but are not limited to, management’s estimate of provisions required for uncollectible accounts receivable, fair value of assets held for sale and assets and liabilities acquired, impaired value of equipment and intangible assets, including goodwill, asset retirement obligations, estimates of discount rates in lease, liabilities to accrue, fair value of derivative liabilities associated with warrants, cost incurred in the satisfaction of performance obligations, permanent and temporary differences related to income taxes and determination of the fair value of stock awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The estimates of proved, probable and possible oil and gas reserves are used as significant inputs in determining the depletion of oil and gas properties and the impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proven, probable and possible reserves and in the projection of future rates of production and the timing of development expenditures. Similarly, evaluations for impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties are subject to numerous uncertainties including, among others, estimates of future recoverable reserves and commodity price outlooks. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized.
Cash
Cash consists of cash, demand deposits and money market funds with an original maturity of three months or less. The Company holds no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit. The Company does not consider this risk to be material.
Property and Equipment and Long-Lived Assets
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from two to ten years for all classes of property and equipment, except leasehold improvements which are depreciated over the term of the lease, which is shorter than the estimated useful life of the improvements.
ASC 360 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used by an entity be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company has early adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2017-04 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
The Company reviews recoverability of long-lived assets on a periodic basis whenever events and changes in circumstances have occurred which may indicate a possible impairment. The assessment for potential impairment is based primarily on the Company’s ability to recover the carrying value of its long-lived assets from expected future cash flows from its operations on an undiscounted basis. If such assets are determined to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
ASC 360-10 addresses criteria to be considered for long-lived assets expected to be disposed of by sale. Six criteria are listed in ASC 360-10-45-9 that must be met in order for assets to be classified as held for sale. Once the criteria are met, long-lived assets classified as held for sale are to be measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. The Company did consider it necessary to record impairment charges for equipment acquired as part of the Sable acquisition. As of March 31, 2019, the property and equipment of Sable and Magnolia Solar have been reclassified as assets held for sale as more fully described in Note 2.
These intangible assets are being amortized over estimated flows over the estimated useful lives of ten years for the customer relationships and on a straight-line basis over five years for the non-compete agreements. These intangible assets will be amortized commencing April 1, 2020. Any expenditures on intangible assets through the Company’s filing of patent and trademark protection for Company-owned inventions are expensed as incurred.
The Company assesses the impairment of identifiable intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors the Company considers to be important which could trigger an impairment review include the following:
1. Significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;
2. Significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; and
3. Significant negative industry or economic trends.
When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangibles may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment and the carrying value of the asset cannot be recovered from projected undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment charge. The Company measures any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the current business model. Significant management judgment is required in determining whether an indicator of impairment exists and in projecting cash flows. The Company tested the carrying value of its long-lived assets for recoverability during the year ended March 31, 2020, and there was no impairment recorded during this period.
Oil and Gas Properties
The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for its investment in oil and natural gas properties. Under the full cost method of accounting, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs are capitalized. General and administrative costs related to production and general overhead are expensed as incurred.
All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit of production method using estimates of proved reserves. Disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized in operations. Unproved properties and development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the loss from operations before income taxes and the adjusted carrying amount of the unproved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.
There was no depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for the Company’s oil and gas properties for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Limitation on Capitalized Costs
Under the full-cost method of accounting, we are required, at the end of each reporting date, to perform a test to determine the limit on the book value of our oil and gas properties (the “Ceiling” test). If the capitalized costs of our oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes, exceed the Ceiling, the excess or impairment is charged to expense. The expense may not be reversed in future periods, even though higher oil and gas prices may subsequently increase the Ceiling. The Ceiling is defined as the sum of: (a) the present value, discounted at 10% and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions, of (1) estimated future gross revenues from proved reserves, which is computed using oil and gas prices determined as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month hedging arrangements pursuant to SAB 103, less (2) estimated future expenditures (based on current costs) to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves; plus, (b) the cost of properties being amortized; plus, (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproven properties included in the costs being amortized, net of (d) the related tax effects related to the difference between the book and tax basis of our oil and natural gas properties. A ceiling test was performed as of March 31, 2020 and there was no indication of impairment on the oil and gas properties.

Oil and Gas Reserves
Reserve engineering is a subjective process that is dependent upon the quality of available data and interpretation thereof, including evaluations and extrapolations of well flow rates and reservoir pressure. Estimates by different engineers often vary sometimes significantly. In addition, physical factors such as results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate, as well as economic factors such as changes in product prices, may justify revision of such estimates. Because proved reserves are required to be estimated using recent prices of the evaluation, estimated reserve quantities can be significantly impacted by changes in product prices.
Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligation
Asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) primarily represent the estimated present value of the amount the Company will incur to plug, abandon and remediate its producing properties at the projected end of their productive lives, in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The Company determined its ARO by calculating the present value of the estimated cash flows related to the obligation. The retirement obligation is recorded as a liability at its estimated present value as of the obligation’s inception, with an offsetting increase to proved properties.
Software Costs
The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with ASC 985-730 Software Research and Development, and ASC 985-20 Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed. ASC 985-20 requires that costs related to the development of the Company’s productsbe capitalized as an asset when incurred subsequent to the point at which technological feasibility of the enhancement is established and prior to when a product is available for general release to customers. ASC 985-20 specifies that technological feasibility can be established by the completion of a detailed program design. Costs incurred prior to achieving technological feasibility are expensed. The Company does utilize detailed program designs; however, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established and as a result software development costs have been expensed as incurred.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. These costs include internal salaries and related costs and professional fees for activities related to development. These costs relate to the Zest Data Services platform, Zest Fresh and Zest Delivery.
Subsequent Events
Subsequent events were evaluated through the date the consolidated financial statements were filed.
Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which the Company early adopted effective April 1, 2017. No cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit was required as a result of this adoption, and the early adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as no material arrangements prior to the adoption were impacted under the new pronouncement.
The Company accounts for a contract when it has been approved and committed to, each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred have been identified, the payment terms have been identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability is probable. Revenue is generally recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Revenue recognition for multiple-element arrangements requires judgment to determine if multiple elements exist, whether elements can be accounted for as separate units of accounting, and if so, the fair value for each of the elements.
F-10
ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Revenue from software license agreements of Zest Labs is recognized over time or at a point in time depending on the evaluation of when the customer obtains control of the promised goods or services over the term of the agreement. For agreements where the software requires continuous updates to provide the intended functionality, revenue is recognized over the term of the agreement. For software as a service (“SaaS”) contracts that include multiple performance obligations, including hardware, perpetual software licenses, subscriptions, term licenses, maintenance and other services, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates of the price that would be charged to the customer for each promised product or service if it were sold on a standalone basis. For contracts for new products and services where standalone pricing has not been established, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates using the adjusted market assessment approach, the expected cost plus a margin approach or the residual approach as appropriate under the circumstances. Contracts are typically on thirty-day payment terms from when the Company satisfies the performance obligation in the contract. In fiscal 2020 and 2019, the Company did not have significant revenue from software license agreements.
Revenue under master service agreements is recorded upon the performance obligation being satisfied. Typically, the satisfaction of the performance obligation occurs upon the frac sand load being delivered to the customer site and this load being successfully invoiced and accepted by the Company’s factoring agent.
The Company accounts for contract costs in accordance with ASC Topic 340-40, Contracts with Customers. The Company recognizes the cost of sales of a contract as expense when incurred or at the time a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes an asset from the costs to fulfil a contract only if the costs relate directly to a contract, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying a performance obligation in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are capitalized unless the costs would have been incurred regardless of whether the contract was obtained.
Cost of sales for Pinnacle Frac includes all direct expenses incurred to produce the revenue for the period. This includes, but is not limited to, direct employee labor, direct contract labor and fuel.
Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company considers accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, to be fully collectible. The allowance is based on management’s estimate of the overall collectability of accounts receivable, considering historical losses, credit insurance and economic conditions. Based on these same factors, individual accounts are charged off against the allowance when management determines those individual accounts are uncollectible. Credit extended to customers is generally uncollateralized, however credit insurance is obtained for some customers. Past-due status is based on contractual terms.
For Pinnacle Frac, accounts receivable is comprised of unsecured amounts due from customers that have been conveyed to a factoring agent without recourse. Pinnacle Frac receives an advance from the factoring agent of 98% of the amount invoiced to the customer within one business day. The Company recognizes revenue for 100% of the gross amount invoiced, records an expense for the 2% finance charge by the factoring agent, and realizes cash for the 98% net proceeds received.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company follows ASC 740-10 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. This requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. Management evaluates their tax positions on an annual basis.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction and various state tax jurisdictions. The federal and state income tax returns of the Company are subject to examination by the IRS and state taxing authorities, generally for three years after they were filed.
Vacation and Paid-Time-Off Compensation
The Company follows ASC 710-10 Compensation – General. The Company records liabilities and expense when obligations are attributable to services already rendered, will be paid even if an employee is terminated, payment is probable, and the amount can be estimated.

The Company measures compensation expense for its non-employee share-based compensation under ASC 505-50Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The fair value of the options and shares issued is used to measure the transactions, as this is more reliable than the fair value of the services received. The fair value is measured at the value of the Company’s common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty’s performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to expense, or to a prepaid expense if shares of common stock are issued in advance of services being rendered, and additional paid-in capital.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting effective April 1, 2017. Cash paid when shares were directly withheld for tax withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows. There were no other impacts from this adoption.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 825Financial Instruments requires the Company to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments. Fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions are set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments: The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and amounts payable to related parties, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s debt instruments also approximates fair value.

Leases

The Company follows ASC 840Leases in accounting for leased properties. The Company leases office and production facilities for terms typically ranging from three to five years. Rent escalations over the term of a lease are considered at the inception of the lease such that the monthly average for all payments is recorded as straight-line rent expense with any differences recorded in accrued liabilities. As subsequently described, the Company is adopting ASC 842Leases for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2019.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) include additional dilution from common stock equivalents, such as convertible notes, preferred stock, stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and warrants. Common stock equivalents are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share when the Company reports a loss because to do so would be anti-dilutive for periods presented, so only basic weighted average number of common shares are used in the computations.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company generally uses a Black-Scholes model, as applicable, to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates when needed. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is remeasured at the end of each reporting period. The Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of the derivative liabilities. ~~Applying this accounting policy resulted in restatements of prior periods as more fully described in Note 3.~~

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. ASC 820 classifies these inputs into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 inputs: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 inputs: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 inputs: Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

Segment Information

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280-10Segment Reporting.This standard requires that companies disclose operating segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company in making internal operating decisions. ~~As a result of Sable, Pioneer and Magnolia Solar being classified as discontinued operations, the~~The Company and its Chief Operating Decision Makers determined that the Company’s operations effective with the May 31, 2019, acquisition of Trend Holdings and the March 27, 2020 acquisition of Banner Midstream now consist of ~~only one segment,~~three segments, Trend Holdings (Finance), Banner Midstream (Commodities) and Zest ~~Labs.~~

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~Labs (Technology).

Related-Party Transactions

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal stockholders of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal stockholders of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal where one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all material related-party ~~transactions (see Note 12).~~transactions. All transactions shall be recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged. Property purchased from a related party is recorded at the cost to the related party and any payment to or on behalf of the related party in excess of the cost is reflected as compensation or distribution to related parties depending on the transaction.
F-12
ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~May 2014, August 2015 and May~~February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02 and later updated with ASU ~~2014-09~~~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~~~, ASU 2015-14~~~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Deferral of the Effective Date~~~~, and ASU 2016-12~~~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients~~~~, respectively, which implement ASC Topic 606. ASU 2017-13 issued~~2019-01 in ~~September 2017 clarifies SEC Staff guidance on~~March 2019 Leases (Topic 842). The ASU’s change the ~~transition to ASC 606. ASC Topic 606 outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in~~ accounting for ~~revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue~~leased assets, principally by requiring balance sheet recognition ~~guidance~~of assets under ~~U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific guidance.~~lease arrangements. It also requires entities to disclose both quantitative and qualitative information that enable financial statement users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amendments in these ASUs areis effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. These ASUs may be applied retrospectively with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings in the year of adoption. The Company adopted the above ASUs (ASC Topic 606) effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of these ASUs did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.2018.

In ~~May 2017,~~June 2018, the FASB issued ASU ~~2017-09~~2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) ~~Scope~~, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of ~~Modification Accounting. The FASB~~share-based compensation issued ~~this update~~ to ~~provide clarity and reduce both (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when applying~~non-employees by making the guidance ~~in Topic 718 to a change to the terms or conditions of a~~consistent with accounting for employee share-based ~~payment award. The amendments in this update are required for all entities~~compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, ~~including~~and interim periods within those ~~annual periods,~~years, beginning after December 15, ~~2017 and early adoption is permitted.~~2018. The Company adopted ASU ~~2017-09 as of July~~2018-07 effective April 1, ~~2017.~~2019. The adoption ~~of this ASU~~ did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.The amendments in this update are required for public business entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have not elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The update is intended to simplify the annual or interim goodwill impairment test. A public business entity that is a U.S. SEC filer must adopt the amendments in this update for its annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

~~In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01~~~~Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business.~~The amendments in this update are required for public business entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have not elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The update is intended to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. Public business entities must apply the amendments in this update to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted under certain conditions. The Company adopted ASU 2017-01 effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

~~In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15~~~~Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~. The amendments in this update provided guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. This update provided specific guidance on each of the eight issues, thereby reducing the diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 31, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

~~The Company adopted ASU 2016-09~~~~Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting~~ effective April 1, 2017. Cash paid when shares were directly withheld for tax withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows. There were no other impacts from this adoption.

~~In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-11~~, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Rounds and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.This ASU changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. The amendments also require entities to recognize the effect of the down round feature on earnings per share when it is triggered. ASU 2017-11 should be adopted retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption, only to financial instruments outstanding as of the initial application date. ASU 2017-11 will be effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, which will be the Company’s fiscal year 2020 (beginning April 1, 2019). Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Prior to the adoption of this guidance the issuance of equity instruments with a down round feature would have had an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 and later updated with ASU 2019-01 in March 2019~~~~Leases (Topic 842).~~The ASU’s change the accounting for leased assets, principally by requiring balance sheet recognition of assets under lease arrangements. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. On adoption, the Company currently expects torecognize additional operating liabilities of approximately $121, with corresponding right of use assets of $112 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under leasing standards for existing operating leases.

~~In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07~~~~Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.~~ This ASU is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent accounting for employee share-based compensation. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect the impact to be material given the current nonemployee share-based grants outstanding.

There were other updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

~~Going Concern~~ Liquidity

The Company has experienced losses from operations resulting in an accumulated deficit of $115,886 since inception. The accumulated deficit as well as recurring losses of $13,650 and $32,836 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, cash used in operating activities in fiscal 2019 and 2018 were $9,040 and $17,643, respectively, and negative working capital of $5,045 as of March 31, 2019, have resulted in the uncertainty of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

These consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business over a reasonable period of time.

The Company raised additional capital through the issuance of common stock (net of fees), in private placements, issuances under equity purchase agreements and sales of convertible notes of $4,221 and $12,693 inFor the year ended March 31, 2019, ~~and 2018, respectively (see Note 13). In addition,~~ the Company has secured a $10,000 credit facility (see Note 10), and it has effected a merger with Trend Discovery Holdings, Inc. on May 31, 2019 (see Note 19). The Company’s ability to raise additional capital through future equity and debt securities issuances and funding from the credit facility and Trend Discovery is not assured. Obtaining additional financing and the successful development of the Company’s strategic plan to achieve profitability are necessary for the Company to continue operations. The ability to successfully resolve these factors raisesdisclosed that there was substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going ~~concern. The consolidated financial statements of~~concern to carry out its business plan. For the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company ~~do not include any adjustments that may result from~~had a net loss of $12,137 and $13,650, respectively, and has an accumulated deficit as of March 31, 2020 of $128,023. As of March 31, 2020, the ~~outcome of the uncertainties.~~Company has $406 in cash and cash equivalents

~~As more fully described in Note 3, in connection with~~The Company alleviated the ~~preparation~~substantial doubt regarding this uncertainty as of March 31, 2020 as a result of the Company’s acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020 which bring revenue generating subsidiaries with reserves of oil properties over $6 million and existing customer relationships over $2 million, coupled with the raising of over $6 million in the exercise of warrants and the entering into a secured funding of $35 million for accretive cash flow producing oil assets for its new business venture with Banner Midstream

If the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders would experience dilution. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting its operations or its ability to incur additional debt. Any additional debt financing or additional equity that the Company raises may contain terms that are not favorable to it or its stockholders and require significant debt service payments, which diverts resources from other activities. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, it may be required to significantly scale back its business and operations. The Company’s ability to raise additional capital will also be impacted by the recent outbreak of COVID-19.

Based on this acquisition, company-wide consolidation, and management’s plans, the Company believes that the current cash on hand and anticipated cash from operations is sufficient to conduct planned operations for one year from the issuance of the consolidated financial ~~statements as~~statements.

Impact of COVID-19

The recent outbreak of COVID-19, which has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic, has spread across the globe and ~~for~~is impacting worldwide economic activity. A pandemic, including COVID-19, or other public health epidemic poses the ~~fiscal ended March 31, 2019,~~risk that the Company ~~identified inadvertent errors~~or its employees, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities at full capacity for an indefinite period of time, including due to spread of the disease within these groups or due to shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on the Company’s business, the continued spread of COVID-19 and the measures taken by the governments of countries affected and in the accounting for certain embedded derivative liabilities associated with warrants issued as a part of capital raises in 2017 and 2018. In connection with those capital raises, proceeds (net of fees) were accounted for as equity. Upon further evaluation,which the Company ~~determined that a portion~~operates could disrupt the operation of the ~~capital raised should~~Company’s business. The COVID-19 outbreak and mitigation measures may also have ~~been accounted for as liabilities with fair value changes recorded in~~an adverse impact on global economic conditions, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s ~~consolidated statements~~business and financial condition, including on its potential to conduct financings on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. In addition, the Company may take temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of ~~operations.~~the virus to its employees, including temporarily requiring all employees to work remotely, and discouraging employee attendance at in-person work-related meetings, which could negatively affect the Company’s business. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts the Company’s results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus and the actions to contain its impact.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, ~~2019~~2020

NOTE 2: DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On April 14, 2017, the Company sold the assets, liabilities and membership interests in Eco3d to a group led by executives of Eco3d after the Company’s Board concluded that Eco3d did not fit the future strategic direction of the Company. The Company received $2,029 in cash and 560 shares of the Company’s common stock (including 525 shares that had been exchanged for the noncontrolling interest in September 2016) that was held by executives of Eco3d, which were canceled upon receipt. There will be no significant continuing involvement with Eco3d.

~~On March 12, 2019, the Company sold the inventory and property and equipment of Sable to a buyer for cash and a short-term receivable. There will be no significant continuing involvement with Sable.~~

~~In addition, as~~As a result of receiving letters of intent for the sale of key assets of Sable, Pioneer and Magnolia Solar, and the approval by the Company’s Board in May 2018 to sell the assets, those assets ~~are~~were included in assets held for sale and their operations included in discontinued operations. All discontinued operations have been sold or ceased operations by May 31, 2019, so there are no remaining assets or liabilities of the discontinued operations.

Carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale and included as part of discontinued operations in the consolidated balance ~~sheets~~sheet as of March 31, 2019 consisted of the ~~following as~~following:

	2019
Other current assets	$	23
Current assets – held for sale	$	23

Accounts payable	$	23
Accrued liabilities		11
Current liabilities – held for sale	$	34

Major line items constituting income (loss) from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March ~~31:~~ 31, 2019 related to Sable, Pioneer and Magnolia consisted of the following:

	2019
Revenue	$	9,883
Cost of revenue		10,515
Gross (loss)		(632	)
Operating expenses		1,668
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(2,300	)
Non-cash expenses	$	452

Non-cash expenses above consist principally of depreciation, amortization and impairment costs. Capital expenditures of discontinued operations were principally at Sable and amounted to $268 for fiscal 2019.

Gain on the sale of Sable assets of $57 in March 2019 was recognized in discontinued operations.

2019 2018
Inventory $ - $ 611
Other current assets 23 34
Current assets – held for sale $ 23 $ 645

Property and equipment, net $ - $ 995
Other assets - 28
Non-current assets – held for sale $ - $ 1,023

Accounts payable $ 23 $ 30
Accrued liabilities 11 13
Current liabilities – held for sale $ 34 $ 43

Pursuant to ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations, ASC-20-45-1B, paragraph 360-10-45-15, Pinnacle Vac will be disposed of other than by sale via an abandonment and termination of operations with no intent to classify the entity or assets as Available for Sale. Pursuant to ASC 205-20-45-3A, the results of operations of Pinnacle Vac from inception to discontinuation of operations will be reclassified to a separate component of income, below Net Income/(Loss), as a Loss on Discontinued Operations.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, ~~2019~~2020

~~Major line items constituting~~All of the equipment assets of Pinnacle Vac and the related loan liabilities will be subsequently transitioned into Capstone to continue servicing the debt. The remaining current assets of Pinnacle Vac will be used to settle any outstanding current liabilities of Pinnacle Vac. A loss contingency will be recorded if any of the outstanding liabilities or obligations of Pinnacle Vac resulting from this abandonment are reasonably estimable and likely to be incurred.

Banner Midstream made the decision to discontinue the operations of its wholly owned subsidiary, Pinnacle Vac Service LLC (“Pinnacle Vac”), effective October 31, 2018 due to the inability of Pinnacle Vac’s management to develop a sustainable, profitable business model. The managerial staff of Pinnacle Vac was terminated on November 15, 2018 and Pinnacle Vac’s rental facility at Sligo Rd was vacated on November 15, 2018.

Carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities included as part of discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 for Pinnacle Vac consisted of the following:

Property and equipment, net	$	249
Non-current assets	$	249

Accounts payable	$	228
Current liabilities	$	228

There was no income (loss) from discontinued operations ~~in the consolidated statements of operations~~ for the ~~years ended~~period March 28, 2020 through March 31, ~~consisted of the following:~~

2019 2018
Revenue $ 9,883 $ 9,541
Cost of revenue 10,515 10,567
Gross (loss) (632 ) (1,026 )
Operating expenses 1,668 3,155
Loss from discontinued operations $ (2,300 ) $ (4,181 )
Non-cash expenses $ 452 $ 2,223

2020.

After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management has recorded a full valuation allowance due to the uncertainty of realizing income tax benefit for all periods presented, and the income tax provision for all periods presented was considered immaterial. Thus, no separate tax provision or benefit relating to discontinued operations is included here or on the face of the consolidated statements of operations.

~~Gain on the sale of Sable assets of $57 in March 2019 and on the sale of Eco3d of $636 in May 2017 was recognized in discontinued operations.~~

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

NOTE 3: ~~RESTATEMENTS~~

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Company identified inadvertent errors in the accounting for certain embedded derivative liabilities associated with warrants issued as a part of capital raises in 2017 and 2018. In connection with those capital raises, proceeds (net of fees) were accounted for as equity. Upon further evaluation, the Company determined that a portion of the capital raised should have been accounted for as liabilities with fair value changes recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Accordingly, the Company is restating herein its previously issued consolidated financial statements and the related disclosures for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and interim periods in fiscal years 2018 and 2019 as well as an adjustment to the opening balance sheet for the first interim period of fiscal 2018 (the “Restated Periods”). The adjustment to the opening balance sheet as of April 1, 2017 consisted of establishing a current derivatives liability of $3,351, offset by a reduction in additional paid-in-capital of $4,180 and a reduction of accumulated deficit of $829.

~~The categories of misstatements and their impact on previously reported consolidated financial statements for the 2018 and 2017 annual periods are described below:~~

~~Derivative Liability:~~~~The recognition, measurement and presentation and disclosure related to the warrants issued in conjunction with reserved private placements of the Company’s common stock.~~

~~Stockholders’ Deficit:~~The measurement and presentation and disclosure related to the derivative liability associated with the warrants issued in conjunction with the reserved private placements originally classified as additional paid in capital.

~~Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities:~~~~The recognition, measurement and presentation and disclosure related to changes in the fair value of the derivative liability~~

In addition to the restatement of the financial statements, certain information within the following notes to the financial statements have been restated to reflect the corrections of misstatements discussed above as well as to add disclosure language as appropriate:

~~Note 1: Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies~~

~~Note 9: Warrant Derivative Liabilities~~

~~Note 13: Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)~~

~~Note 18: Fair Value Measurements~~

The financial statement misstatements reflected in previously issued consolidated financial statements did not impact cash flows from operations, investing, or financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for any period previously presented, however they did impact individual line items.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

~~Comparison of restated financial statements to financial statements as previously reported~~

The following tables compare the Company’s previously issued Consolidated Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statement of Cashflows, and Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity as of and for the year ended March 31, 2018 to the corresponding restated consolidated financial statements for that year.

(Dollars in thousands,
except per share data)
March 31, Restatement March 31,
2018 Adjustment 2018
As Reported As Restated
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash ($265 pledged as collateral for credit) $ 3,730 $ - $ 3,730
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $87 2,617 - 2,617
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 242 - 242
Current assets held for sale 645 - 645
Total current assets 7,234 - 7,234
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property and equipment, net 2,619 - 2,619
Intangible assets, net 1,545 - 1,545
Non-current assets held for sale 1,023 - 1,023
Other assets 26 - 26
Total non-current assets 5,213 - 5,213
TOTAL ASSETS $ 12,447 - $ 12,447

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable $ 2,350 $ - $ 2,350
Accrued liabilities 1,080 - 1,080
Derivative liabilities - 3,694 3,694
Current portion of long-term debt 500 - 500
Current liabilities held for sale 43 - 43
Total current liabilities 3,973 3,694 7,667
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term debt, net of current portion - - -
Long-term debt, net of current portion - related party - -
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Total liabilities 3,973 3,694 7,667

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Numbers of shares rounded to thousands)

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued - - -
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, 49,468 shares issued and 48,923 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2018 49 - 49
Additional paid-in-capital 122,424 (13,839 ) 108,585
Accumulated deficit (112,381 ) 10,145 (102,236 )
Treasury stock, at cost (1,618 ) - (1,618 )
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) 8,474 (3,694 ) 4,780
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) $ 12,447 - $ 12,447

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

Year Ended Year Ended
March 31, Restatement March 31,
2018 Adjustment 2018
As
Reported As
Restated
CONTINUING OPERATIONS:

REVENUES $ 558 $ - $ 558

COST OF REVENUES 243 - 243

GROSS PROFIT (LOSS) 315 - 315
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Salaries and salary related costs, including share-based compensation 25,962 - 25,962
Professional fees and consulting, including share-based compensation 4,812 4,812
Selling, general and administrative 1,677 - 1,677
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment 818 - 818
Research and development 5,576 - 5,576
Total operating expenses 38,845 - 38,845
Loss from continuing operations before other expenses (38,530 ) - (38,530 )

OTHER EXPENSE:
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities - 9,316 9,316
Interest expense, net of interest income (55 ) - (55 )
Total other expenses (55 ) 9,316 9,261
LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (38,585 ) 9,316 (29,269 )
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:
Income (loss) from discontinued operations (4,181 ) - (4,181 )
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations 636 - 636
Total discontinued operations (3,545 ) - (3,545 )
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES 22 - 22
NET LOSS (42,152 ) 9,316 (32,836 )
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST - -
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CONTROLLING INTEREST $ (42,152 ) $ 9,316 $ (32,836 )

NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted: Continuing operations $ (0.85 ) $ (0.21 ) $ (0.64 )
Discontinued operations $ (0.08 ) - $ (0.08 )
Total $ (0.93 ) $ 0.21 $ (0.72 )

SHARES USED IN CALCULATION OF NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted 45,500 45,500

~~F-21~~

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

Year Ended
March 31, Restatement Year Ended
March 31,
2018 Adjustment 2018
As Reported As Restated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss attributable to controlling interest $ (42,152 ) $ 9,316 $ (32,836 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and impairment 3,041 -   3,041
Shares of common stock issued for services rendered 2,860 -   2,860
Share-based compensation – stock - employees 20,592 -   20,592
Share-based compensation due to employment agreements 1,500 -   1,500
Change in value of derivative liabilities (9,316 ) (9,316 )
(Income) loss from discontinued operations 4,181 4,181
Gain on sale of discontinued operations (636 ) -   (636 )
Loss on retirement of assets 61 -   61
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable (1,060 ) -   (1,060 )
Inventory (983 ) -   (983 )
Prepaid expenses 90 -   90
Other current assets (56 ) -   (56 )
Other assets 6 -   6
Accounts payable 634 -   634
Accrued liabilities (1,691 ) -   (1,691 )
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations (13,613 ) -   13,613 )
Net cash used in discontinued operations (4,030 ) -   (4,030 )
Net cash used in operating activities (17,643 ) -   (17,643 )

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of Eco3d 2,029 -   2,029
Purchases of short-term investments (1,001 ) -   (1,001 )
Redemption of short-term investments 1,001 -   1,001
Purchases of property and equipment (277 ) -   (277 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 1,752 -   1,752

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of fees 12,693 -   12,693
Purchase of treasury shares from employees (1,618 ) -   (1,618 )
Repayments of debt - related parties (100 ) -   (100 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 10,975 -   10,975
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH (4,916 ) -   (4,916 )
Cash - beginning of period 8,646 -   8,646
Cash - end of period $ 3,730 $ -   $ 3,730

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash paid for interest $ 60 $ -   $ 60
Cash paid for income taxes $ -   $ -   $ -

SUMMARY OF NONCASH ACTIVITIES:
Inventory reclassified to property and equipment $ 2,477 $ -   $ 2,477

Assets and liabilities acquired via acquisition of companies:
Identifiable intangible assets $ 1,435 $ -   $ 1,435
Goodwill $ 65 $ -   $ 65
Other assets $ 28 $ -   $ 28

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

~~The Company’s financial statements as of March 31, 2017, contained the following adjustments: (1) overstatement of additional-paid-in-capital by $4,180, (2) understatement of warrant liability by $3,351, and (3) overstatement of net loss due to change in fair value of warrant liabil~~i~~ty by $829. Accumulated deficit as of April 1, 2017, has been reduced by $4,180~~ ~~to correct the aggregate effect of the adjustments, net of their related income tax effect of $~~0~~. Had the errors not been made, net loss for fiscal 2017 would have been decreased by $829, net of income tax of $~~0 due to the Company having a full valuation allowance for its net deferred tax assets. These adjustments were made to correct an error made in fiscal year 2017 of classifying certain warrants issued in May 2017 as a component of equity rather than as a liability at inception and changes in the fair value of the warrant liability not being recognized in the statement of operations.

Preferred Common Additional
Paid-In- Accumulated Treasury
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Stock Total
Balances at April 1, 2017 (Restated) - $ - 42,330 $ 42 $ 80,845 $ (69,400 ) $ - $ 11,487

Shares issued for cash in private placement, net of expenses (Restated) - - 5,000 5 3,029 - - 3,034

Share-based compensation – stock – Board of Directors - - 201 - 550 - - 550

Share-based compensation – stock – services rendered - - 65 - 596 - - 596

Share-based compensation – stock – employees - - 1,783 2 20,590 - - 20,592

Purchase shares from employees in lieu of taxes - - - - - - (1,618 ) (1,618 )

Stock issued to purchase 440 Labs - - 300 - 1,500 - - 1,500

Share-based compensation due to employment agreements - - 300 - 1,500 - - 1,500

Warrant conversion – cashless - - 49 - - - - -

Sale of Eco3d, shares received and cancelled - - (560 ) - (25 ) - - (25 )

Net loss for the period (Restated) - - - - - (32,836 ) - (32,836 )

Balances at March 31, 2018 (Restated) - - 49,468 49 108,585 (102,236 ) (1,618 ) 4,780

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

~~NOTE 4:~~ REVENUE

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which the Company early adopted effective April 1, 2017. No cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit was required, and the early adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as no material arrangements prior to the adoption were impacted by the new pronouncement.

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the years ended March 31:

2019 2018
Revenue:
Walmart $ 1,000 $ 500
Software as a Service (“SaaS”) 62 57
Hardware Sales - 1
$ 1,062 $ 558

	2020		2019
Revenue:
Walmart	$	-	$	1,000
Software as a Service (“SaaS”)		28		62
Professional Services		145		-
Financial Services		175		-
Oil and Gas Services		225		-
Equipment rental		4		-
Fuel rebate		4		-
	$	581	$	1,062

Revenues in the year ended March 31, 2019 were principally from a project with Walmart. After paying invoices for $1,000 through June, Walmart has not paid the final $500. As a result, the Company ~~has~~had established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $500 ~~until~~and subsequently wrote off the ~~matter is resolved.~~allowance against the receivable when it was determined that this receivable would not be collected despite the performance obligation satisfied. Zest SaaS revenues in the years ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 were from retailers and produce growers. There were no significant contract asset or contract liability balances for all periods presented. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

~~NOTE 5: MERGER~~Subsequent to the acquisitions of Trend Discovery and Banner Midstream, the Company in 2020 recorded revenues for financial services and oil and gas services and production. For both of these entities, revenues are billed upon the completion of the performance obligations.

On January 29, 2016, Ecoark entered into a Merger Agreement (“Merger Agreement”) with MSC providing, among other things, for the acquisition of Ecoark by MSC in a share for share exchange pursuant to which it was contemplated that at the closing Ecoark shareholders would own approximately 95%Collections of the ~~outstanding shares of MSC. On March 18, 2016, in a special meeting called~~amounts billed are typically paid by ~~MSC,~~ the ~~shareholders of MSC approved proposals necessary~~customers within 30 to ~~complete the Merger (“Merger”).~~60 days.

On March 24, 2016, the Merger was closed. Upon the closing of the transaction, under the Merger Agreement, Magnolia Solar Acquisition Corporation merged with and into Ecoark with Ecoark as the surviving corporation, which became a wholly-owned subsidiary of MSC. Thereafter, MSC changed its name to Ecoark Holdings, Inc. The transaction was accounted for as a reverse acquisition; for accounting purposes Ecoark acquired the assets and liabilities of Magnolia Solar effective March 24, 2016. The historical financial information presented prior to March 24, 2016 is that of Ecoark.

Further, the Articles of Incorporation were amended to increase the authorized shares of common stock to 100,000 shares, to effect the creation of 5,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, and to approve a reverse stock split of the MSC common stock of 1 for 250.

After the Merger, the Company had 29,057 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. MSC’s shareholders and holders of debt, notes, warrants and options received an aggregate of 1,351 shares of the Company’s common stock and Ecoark’s shareholders received an aggregate of 27,706 shares of the Company’s common stock.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, ~~2019~~

As a result of the Merger and in accordance with SAB Topic 14C and ASC 805-40-45, the Company has given retroactive effect to the transaction by adjusting the number of shares in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) and accompanying notes. The retroactive treatment changed the reported common shares and additional paid-in capital in the balance sheets, the shares used in the calculation of net loss per share and resulting net loss per share in the statements of operations, the number of shares and related dollar amounts in the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and various disclosures regarding number of shares and related amounts in these notes to consolidated financial statements. There was no effect on the net loss or total stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a result of the restatement.

~~The change became effective on March 24, 2016 when the Merger closed.~~

The financial statements presented herein for the period through March 24, 2016 represent the historical financial information of Ecoark, Inc., except for the capital structure as of December 31, 2015 which represents the historical amounts of MSC, retroactively adjusted to reflect the legal capital structure of MSC.2020

NOTE 6:4: PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of March 31:

	2020			2019
Zest Labs freshness hardware	$	2,493		$	2,493
Computers and software costs		222			222
Leasehold improvements – Pinnacle Frac		18			-
Machinery and equipment - Technology		200			200
Machinery and equipment – Commodity		3,405			-
Total property and equipment		6,338			2,915
Accumulated depreciation and impairment		(2,373	)		(2,091	)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,965		$	824

2019 2018
Zest Labs freshness hardware $ 2,493 $ 2,477
Computers and software costs 222 400
Machinery and equipment 200 211
Furniture and fixtures - 89
Leasehold improvements - 4
Total property and equipment 2,915 3,181
Accumulated depreciation and impairment (2,091 ) (562 )
Property and equipment, net $ 824 $ 2,619

As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company performed an evaluation of the recoverability of these long-lived assets. The analysis resulted in an impairment of $1,139 which was recorded as of March 31, 2019 related to these assets.

The Company acquired $3,423 in property and equipment on March 27, 2020 in the acquisition of Banner Midstream.

Depreciation expense for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $286 and $672, respectively.

NOTE 5: INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of March 31:

	2020			2019
Patents	$	1,013		$	1,013
Customer relationships		2,100			-
Non-compete agreements		250			-
Outsourced vendor relationships		340			340
Non-compete agreements		1,017			1,017
Total intangible assets		4,720			2,370
Accumulated amortization and impairment		(2,370	)		(2,370	)
Intangible assets, net	$	2,350		$	-

All intangible assets prior to the acquisition of Banner Midstream were fully impaired as of March 31, 2019. Those intangible assets related to the outsourced vendor relationships and non-compete agreements were recorded as part of the acquisition of 440labs. Goodwill of $3,222 was recorded in the Trend Holdings acquisition, and $7,003 was recorded in the Banner Midstream acquisition as fully described in Note 15.

In the acquisition of Banner Midstream, the Company acquired the customer relationships and non-compete agreements valued at $2,350. There was no amortization in the 4 days March 28, 2020 through March 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the remaining intangible assets of the Company and determined that no additional impairment was necessary.

Amortization expense for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0 and $553, respectively.

In addition to the statutory based intangible assets noted above, the Company incurred $10,225 in the purchase of Trend and Banner Midstream as follows:

Acquisition – Trend Discovery	$	3,222
Acquisition – Banner Midstream		7,003
Goodwill – March 31, 2020	$	10,225

The Company assessed the criteria for impairment, and there were no indicators of impairment present as of March 31, 2020, and therefore no impairment is necessary.

F-16

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, ~~2019~~

As previously described, during the year ended March 31, 2018 Zest Labs entered into SaaS contracts with customers and $2,477 of assets previously classified as inventory have been reclassified to property and equipment. These assets will be used in the satisfaction of performance obligations to customers and depreciated over estimated useful lives of three to seven years. As of March 31, 2019, the Company performed an evaluation of the recoverability of these long-lived assets. The analysis was performed based on assumptions for both held for use and held for sale, and as a result an impairment of $1,139 was recorded as of March 31, 2019 related to these assets.

~~Depreciation expense for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $672 and $119, respectively.~~

~~NOTE 7: INTANGIBLE ASSETS~~

~~Intangible assets consisted of the following as of March 31:~~

2019 2018
Patents $ 1,013 $ 1,013
Customer lists - -
Outsourced vendor relationships 340 340
Non-compete agreements 1,017 1,017
Goodwill - -
Total intangible assets 2,370 2370
Accumulated amortization and impairment (2,370 ) (825 )
Intangible assets, net $ - $ 1,545

~~The outsourced vendor relationships and non-compete agreements were recorded as part of the acquisition of 440labs described in Note 17 below.~~

~~Amortization expense for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $553 and $555, respectively.~~

The Company performed a review of its customers and business results at Sable in 2017 to assess the recoverability of the carrying value of intangibles. As a result, impairment charges of $1,042 against the customer lists and a related write-down of goodwill of $582 from the initially recorded amount of $1,264 were recorded in the year ended March 31, 2018. In addition, $78 of the 440labs non-compete agreements were impaired due to the separation of one of the key employees and the remaining goodwill of $65 related to the 440labs acquisition was impaired in the three months ended March 31, 2018.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the remaining intangible assets of Zest Labs and made the decision to fully impair the remaining net book value of $992 as of March 31, 2019.

Intangible assets consisting of customer lists and patents for Pioneer, including those held by Ecoark, and Magnolia have been reclassified for all years presented as assets held for sale as more fully described in Note 2 and accordingly amortization and impairment expense has been included in the loss from discontinued operations.2020

NOTE ~~8: ACCRUED~~6: OTHER LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of March 31:

	2020		2019
Professional fees and consulting costs	$	106	$	150
Vacation and paid time off		126		345
Legal fees		503		108
Compensation		865		50
Interest		673		11
Insurance		548		-
Other		215		174
Total	$	3,036	$	828

2019 2018
Professional fees and consulting costs $
150
$ 325
Vacation and paid time off 345 278
Legal fees
108
100
Payroll and employee expenses 50 75
Hardware in transit - 26
Other 175 276
Total $ 828 $ 1,080

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~

~~MARCH~~On March 27, 2020, the Company assumed $2,362 in the acquisition of Banner Midstream, and in addition, assumed $2,362 in amounts that are due to prior owners of Banner Midstream and their subsidiaries. These amounts are non-interest bearing and due on demand. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020, $2,358 of the amounts due to prior owners is currently due. $900 of the amounts due to prior owners was repaid ($75) and converted ($825) into shares of common stock in May 2020.

NOTE 9:7: WARRANT DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

~~As described in Note 3 and Note 13, the~~The Company issued common stock and warrants in several private placements in March 2017, May 2017, March 2018 and August 2018. The March and May 2017 and March and August 2018 warrants (collectively the “Derivative Warrant Instruments”) are classified as liabilities. The Derivative Warrant Instruments have been accounted for utilizing ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”. The Company has incurred a liability for the estimated fair value of Derivative Warrant Instruments. The estimated fair value of the Derivative Warrant Instruments has been calculated using the Black-Scholes fair value option-pricing model with key input variables provided by management, as of the date of issuance, with changes in fair value recorded as gains or losses on revaluation in other income (expense).

The Company identified embedded features in the March and May 2017 warrants which caused the warrants to be classified as a liability. These embedded features included the implicit right for the holders to request that the Company settle the warrants in registered shares. Since maintaining an effective registration of shares is potentially outside the control of the Company, these warrants were classified as liabilities as opposed to equity. The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company treat the whole instrument as liability and record the fair value of the instrument as derivatives as of the inception date of the instrument and to adjust the fair value of the instrument as of each subsequent balance sheet date.

On October 28, 2019, the Company issued 2,243 shares of the Company’s common stock to investors in exchange for the March and May 2017 warrants. Upon the issuance of the 2,243 shares, the March and May 2017 warrants were extinguished. The fair value of the shares issued was $2,186, and the fair value of the warrants was $1,966 resulting in a loss of $220 that was recognized on the exchange.

The Company identified embedded features in the March and August 2018 warrants which caused the warrants to be classified as a liability. These embedded features included the right for the holders to request that the Company cash settle the warrant instruments from the ~~Holder~~holder by paying to the ~~Holder~~holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the Derivative Warrant Instruments on the date of the consummation of a fundamental transaction. The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company treat the whole instrument as liability and record the fair value of the instrument as derivatives as of the inception date of the instrument and to adjust the fair value of the instrument as of each subsequent balance sheet date.

On July 12, 2019, the ~~date~~March and August 2018 warrants were exchanged for 4,277 shares of ~~inception,~~Company common stock, and all of those warrants were extinguished. The fair value of the shares issued was $3,293, and the fair value of the ~~March 2017~~ warrants was $2,455 resulting in a loss of ~~$4,609~~$840 that was ~~determined using~~recognized on the ~~Black-Scholes Model based~~exchange.

As described further in Note 11 below, on August 22, 2019 the Company issued warrants that can be exercised in exchange for 3,922 shares of Company common stock to investors that invested in shares of Company preferred stock. The fair value of those warrants was estimated to be $1,576 at inception and on January 26, 2020, the Company entered into letter agreements with accredited institutional investors holding the warrants issued with the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock on August 21, 2019. Pursuant to the agreements, the investors agreed to a ~~risk-free interest rate~~cash exercise of ~~2.13%~~3,921 of the warrants at a price of $0.51. The Company additionally, granted 5,882 warrants at $0.90. On January 27, 2020, the Company received approximately $2,000 in cash from the exercise of the August 2019 warrants and issued the January 2020 warrants to the investors, which have an ~~expected term~~exercise price of ~~5.0~~$0.90 and may be exercised within five years ~~an expected volatility~~ of ~~107%~~issuance. This transaction resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $1,038.

On November 11, 2019, the Company issued warrants that can be exercised to purchase a number of shares of common stock of the Company equal to the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock purchased by the investors. The fair value of those warrants was estimated to be $1,107 at inception and ~~a 0% dividend yield. At~~$543 as of March 31, ~~2017,~~2020. The Company recognized $107 of interest expense related to the fair value of the ~~March 2017~~ warrants ~~of $3,351 was determined using~~at inception that exceeded the ~~Black-Scholes Model based~~proceeds received for the preferred stock on a risk-free interest rate of 1.93% an expected term of 4.9 years, an expected volatility of 105% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2018, the fair value of the March 2017 warrants of $537 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.56% an expected term of 4.0 years, an expected volatility of 91% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of the March 2017 warrants $256 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.23% an expected term of 3.0 years, an expected volatility of 96% and a 0% dividend yield.November 11, 2019.

F-17

On the date of inception, the fair value of the May 2017 warrants of $7,772 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 1.80% an expected term of 5.0 years, an expected volatility of 101% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2018, the fair value of the May 2017 warrants of $1,001 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.56% an expected term of 4.17 years, an expected volatility of 91% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of the May 2017 warrants of $505 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.23% an expected term of 3.17 years, an expected volatility of 96% and a 0% dividend yield.

On the date of inception, the fair value of the March 2018 warrants of $3,023 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.65% an expected term of 5.0 years, an expected volatility of 91% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2018, the fair value of the March 2018 warrants of $2,156 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.56% an expected term of 5.0 years, an expected volatility of 91% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of the March 2018 warrants of $1,040 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.23% an expected term of 4.00 years, an expected volatility of 96% and a 0% dividend yield.

On the date of inception, the fair value of the August 2018 warrants of $2,892 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.77% an expected term of 5.00 years, an expected volatility of 97% and a 0% dividend yield. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of the August 2018 warrants of $1,303 was determined using the Black-Scholes Model based on a risk-free interest rate of 2.23% an expected term of 4.42 years, an expected volatility of 96% and a 0% dividend yield.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, 2020

The Company determined our derivative liabilities to be a Level 3 fair value measurement and used the Black-Scholes pricing model to calculate the fair value as of March 31, 2020. The Black-Scholes model requires six basic data inputs: the exercise or strike price, time to expiration, the risk-free interest rate, the current stock price, the estimated volatility of the stock price in the future, and the dividend rate. Changes to these inputs could produce a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The fair value of each warrant is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The following assumptions were used in March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 and at inception:

	Year Ended			Year Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Inception

Expected term		4.67- 4.83 years			3.00 - 4.42 years			5.00 years
Expected volatility		95	%		96	%		91% - 107	%
Expected dividend yield		-			-			-
Risk-free interest rate		0.70	%		2.23	%		1.50% - 2.77	%

The Company’s derivative liabilities associated with the warrants are as follows:

	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018		Inception		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		Inception
Fair value of 1,000 March 17, 2017 warrants	$	256	$	537	$	4,609	$	-	$	256	$	4,609
Fair value of 1,850 May 22, 2017 warrants		505		1,001		7,772		-		505		7,772
Fair value of 2,565 March 16, 2018 warrants		1,040		2,156		3,023		-		1,040		3,023
Fair value of 2,969 August 14, 2018 warrants		1,303		-		2,892		-		1,303		2,892
Fair value of 3,922 August 22, 2019 warrants								-		-		1,576
Fair value of 1,379 November 11, 2019 warrants								543		-		1,107
Fair value of 5,882 January 27, 2020 warrants								2,232		-		3,701
	$	3,104	$	3,694	$	18,296	$	2,775	$	3,104

During the years ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 the Company recognized changes in the fair value of the derivative liabilities of $(369) and $3,160, respectively. As described in Note 11 below, the March and ~~$9,316, respectively.~~May 2017 warrants, March and August 2018 warrants and the August 2019 warrants were exchanged and thus were no longer outstanding as of March 31, 2020. The November 2019 and January 2020 warrants were exercised in May 2020.

Activity related to the warrant derivative liabilities for the year ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:

Beginning balance as of March 31, 2019	$	3,104
Issuances of warrants – derivative liabilities		6,384
Warrants exchanged for common stock		(6,344	)
Change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities		(369	)
Ending balance as of March 31, 2020	$	2,775

NOTE 8: OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES

The Company’s holdings in oil and gas mineral lease (“OGML”) properties as of March 31 are as follows:

	2020		2019
Property acquired from Shamrock	$	1,970	$	-
Properties acquired from White River		4,165		-
Total OGML Properties	$	6,135	$	-

Cherry et al OGML including shallow drilling rights was acquired by Shamrock from Hartoil Company on July 1, 2018.

~~NOTE 10: NOTE PAYABLE~~F-18

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, 2020

~~On December 28, 2018, the Company~~Taliaferro Family OGML including shallow drilling rights was acquired by White River on June 10, 2019 from Lagniappe Operating, LLC.

Kingrey Family OGML including both shallow and deep drilling rights was entered into ~~a $10,000 credit facility that includes a loan and security agreement (the “Agreement”) where the lender agreed to make one or more loans to the Company,~~by White River and the ~~Company may make~~Kingrey Family on April 3, 2019.

Peabody Family OGML including both shallow and deep drilling rights was acquired by White River on June 18, 2019 from SR Acquisition I, LLC, a ~~request~~subsidiary of Sanchez Energy Corporation, for a ~~loan or loans from~~1% royalty retained interest in conjunction with White River executing a lease saving operation in June 2019.

Banner Midstream acquired the ~~lender, subject to~~Cherry et al OGML via the ~~terms~~Shamrock acquisition and ~~conditions.~~the remaining OGML’s via the White River acquisition. The Company ~~is required to pay interest biannually~~then acquired all of the OGML properties as part of the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.

The following table summarizes the ~~outstanding principal amount of each loan calculated at an annual rate of 12%. The loans are evidenced~~Company’s oil and gas activities by ~~a demand note executed by~~classification for the ~~Company. The Company is able to request draws from the lender up to $1,000 with a cap of $10,000, including the $1,000 advanced on December 28, 2018 and an additional $350 advanced through~~year ended March 31, 2019. If principal is prepaid, the loans may not be re-borrowed and the cap of $10,000 shall be reduced. The Company may make a request for a loan or loans from the lender, at any one time and from time to time, from the date2020:

Activity Category	March 31, 2019		Adjustments (1)		March 31, 2020
Proved Developed Producing Oil and Gas Properties
Cost	$	-	$	167	$	167
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization		-		-		-

Total	$	-	$	167	$	167

Undeveloped and Non-Producing Oil and Gas Properties
Cost	$	-	$	5,968	$	5,968
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization		-		-		-

Total	$	-	$	5,968	$	5,968

Grand Total	$	-	$	6,135	$	6,135

(1)

Pursuant to the preliminary asset allocation in Banner Midstream acquisition (See Note 15)

NOTE 9: LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the ~~Agreement until the earlier~~following as of ~~(i) demand by the lender or (ii) December 27,~~March 31:

	2020			2019
Secured convertible promissory note – Ecoark Holdings (a)	$	-		$	-
Credit facility – Trend Discovery SPV 1, LLC (b)		-			1,350
Senior secured bridge loan – Banner Midstream (c)		2,222			-
Note payable – LAH 1 (d)		110			-
Note payable – LAH 2 (e)		77			-
Note payable – Banner Midstream 1 (f)		303			-
Note payable – Banner Midstream 2 (g)		397			-
Note payable – Banner Midstream 3 (h)		500			-
Merchant Cash Advance (MCA) loan – Banner Midstream 1 (i)		361			-
MCA loan – Banner Midstream 2 (j)		175			-
MCA loan – Banner Midstream 3 (k)		28			-
Note payable – Banner Midstream – Alliance Bank (l)		1,239			-
Commercial loan – Pinnacle Frac – Firstar Bank (m)		952			-
Auto loan 1 – Pinnacle Vac – Firstar Bank (n)		40			-
Auto loan 2 – Pinnacle Frac – Firstar Bank (o)		52			-
Auto loan 3 – Pinnacle Vac – Ally Bank (p)		42			-
Auto loan 4 – Pinnacle Vac – Ally Bank (q)		47			-
Auto loan 5 – Pinnacle Vac – Ally Bank (r)		44			-
Auto loan 6 – Capstone – Ally Bank (s)		97			-
Tractor loan 7 – Capstone – Tab Bank (t)		235			-
Equipment loan – Shamrock – Workover Rig (u)		50			-
Total long-term debt		6,971			1,350
Less: debt discount		(149	)		-
Less: current portion		(6,401	)		(1,350	)
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	421		$	-

(a)

Ecoark Holdings had a secured convertible promissory note (“convertible note”) bearing interest at 10% per annum, entered into on January 10, 2017 for $500 with the principal due in one lump sum payment on or before July 10, 2018. The principal along with accrued interest of $11 was paid on July 2, 2018. Interest expense on the long-term debt for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0 and $12, respectively.

F-19

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020 or the earlier termination of the Agreement pursuant to the terms thereof. Loans made pursuant to the Agreement are secured by a security interest in the Company’s collateral held with the lender and guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiary, Zest Labs.

(b)

On December 28, 2018, the Company entered into a $10,000 credit facility that includes a loan and security agreement (the “Agreement”) where the lender agreed to make one or more loans to the Company, and the Company may make a request for a loan or loans from the lender, subject to the terms and conditions. The Company is required to pay interest biannually on the outstanding principal amount of each loan calculated at an annual rate of 12%. The loans are evidenced by demand notes executed by the Company. The Company is able to request draws from the lender up to $1,000 with a cap of $10,000, including the $1,000 advanced on December 28, 2018 and an additional $350 advanced through March 31, 2019, resulting in a balance of $1,350 at March 31, 2019. An additional $1,137 was advanced during the year ended March 31, 2020; and $38 of commitment fees, to bring the balance of the notes payable to $2,525 at March 31, 2020. Loans made pursuant to the Agreement are secured by a security interest in the Company’s collateral held with the lender and guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiary, Zest Labs.

The Company ~~is to pay~~pays to the lender a commitment fee on the principal amount of each loan requested thereunder in the amount of 3.5% of the amount thereof. The Company also paid an arrangement fee of $300 to the lender which was paid upon execution of the Agreement. The aforementioned fees were and are netted from proceeds ~~from the $1,000 initial advance on December 28, 2018.~~advanced and are recorded as interest expense. Zest Labs is a plaintiff in a litigation styled asZest Labs, Inc. vs ~~WalMart,~~Walmart, Inc., Case Number 4:18-cv-00500 filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas (the “Zest Litigation”). The Company agrees that within five days of receipt by Zest Labs or the Company of any settlement proceeds from the Zest Litigation, the Company will pay or cause to be paid over to lender an additional fee in an amount equal to (i) 0.50 multiplied by (ii) the highest aggregate principal balance of the loans over the life of the loans through the date of the payment from settlement proceeds; provided, however, that such additional fee shall not exceed the amount of the settlement proceeds.

Subject to customary carve-outs, the Agreement contains customary negative covenants and restrictions for agreements of this type on actions by the Company including, without limitation, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, loans, consolidation, mergers, dissolution, asset dispositions outside the ordinary course of business, change in business and restriction on use of proceeds. In addition, the Agreement requires compliance by the Company of covenants including, but not limited to, furnishing the lender with certain financial reports and protecting and maintaining its intellectual property rights. The Agreement contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, non-payment of principal or interest, violation of covenants, inaccuracy of representations in any material respect and cross defaults with certain other indebtedness and agreements.

Interest expense on the note for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $286 and $35, respectively.

On March 31, 2020, the Company converted all principal and interest in the Trend Discovery SPV I, LLC credit facility into shares of the Company’s common stock. The conversion of $2,525 of principal and $290 of accrued interest resulted in the issuance of 3,855 shares of common stock at a value of $0.59 per share. This transaction resulted in a gain on conversion of $541. As a result of the conversion, there are no amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2020.

(c)

Senior secured bridge loan of $2,222, containing a debt discount of $132 as of March 31, 2020. This was assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition, and fully repaid in May 2020, and was secured by machinery and equipment of Pinnacle Frac. Accrued interest on this debt was $48 at March 31, 2020 of which $39 was assumed in the acquisition.

(d)

Unsecured note payable previously issued April 2, 2018 which was assumed by Banner Midstream in the acquisition of a previous entity. The amount is past due and bears interest at 10% per annum. Accrued interest at March 31, 2020 is $22. This amount along with accrued interest of $22 was assumed on March 27, 2020 in the acquisition of Banner Midstream.

(e)

(f)	Junior secured note payable issued January 16, 2019 to an unrelated third party at 10% interest. Accrued interest at March 31, 2020 is $40. This amount along with accrued interest of $39 was assumed on March 27, 2020 in the acquisition of Banner Midstream. This note was repaid in May 2020.

(g)

Unsecured notes payable issued in June and July 2019 to an unrelated third party at 10% interest. There are three notes to this party in total. Accrued interest on these notes at March 31, 2020 is $30. This amount along with accrued interest of $29 was assumed on March 27, 2020 in the acquisition of Banner Midstream. These notes were converted in May 2020.

F-20

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, ~~2019~~

~~NOTE 11: LONG-TERM DEBT~~

~~Long-term debt consisted of the following as of March 31:~~

2019 2018
Secured convertible promissory note $     - $ 500
Less: current portion - (500 )
Long-term debt, net of current portion $ - $ -
The Company had a secured convertible promissory note (“convertible note”) bearing interest at 10% per annum, entered on January 10, 2017 for $500 with the principal due in one lump sum payment on or before July 10, 2018. The convertible note was part of the financing the Company entered into in the three months ended March 31, 2017, that raised $4,300 (of a maximum of $5,000) in convertible notes ($700 of which were from related parties, see Note 10) bearing interest at 10% per annum. On March 30, 2017, $3,700 of these notes were converted (including $600 of the $700 in connection with the related parties) into shares of common stock, along with the related accrued interest on those notes.
The Company granted note holders a security interest for the holder’s ratable share of the series notes in the Company’s ownership interest in Sable as collateral. The note holders had the right at the holders’ option to convert all or any portion of the principal amount at a conversion rate per share which ranges from $4.15 to $7.10 per share (the only non-related party note still outstanding has a conversion price of $4.50). In February 2017, the Company amended the convertible note whereby certain holders (not including related parties) received a warrant to purchase 10 shares of common stock for every $100 principal amount if the holder converted the note on or before March 31, 2017. The principal along with accrued interest of $11 was paid on July 2, 2018.
~~Interest expense on the long-term debt for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $12 and $50, respectively.~~
~~NOTE 12: RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS~~2020

On February 28, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement related to the issuance and sale of up to 1,100 shares of common stock held by Randy May, Chairman of the Board and former CEO, and Gary Metzger, an independent director on the Company’s Board and a significant shareholder. The purchase agreement is pursuant to the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement filed on August 17, 2016. The selling securityholders may sell or distribute the securities included in the prospectus supplement through underwriters, through agents, to dealers, in private transactions, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices. The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from sales of the common stock made by the selling securityholders.
(h) Unsecured note payable issued October 2019 to an unrelated third party at 10% interest. Accrued interest on this note at March 31, 2020 is $24. This amount along with accrued interest of $23 was assumed on March 27, 2020 in the acquisition of Banner Midstream.

~~Subsequent to March 31, 2019, Gary Metzger has advanced to the Company $328 under a note that bears 10% simple interest per annum and is payable July 30, 2020.~~
(i) Merchant cash advance loan on Banner Midstream. Accrued interest on this note at March 31, 2020 is $141. The Company assumed $368 of this note along with accrued interest of $144. A total of $7 of principal and $3 of accrued interest was paid between March 28, 2020 and March 31, 2020. This note was repaid in May 2020.

~~NOTE 13: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)~~
(j) Merchant cash advance loan on Banner Midstream. Accrued interest on this note at March 31, 2020 is $68. The Company assumed $181 of this note along with accrued interest of $70. A total of $6 of principal and $2 of accrued interest was paid between March 28, 2020 and March 31, 2020. This note was repaid in May 2020.

~~Ecoark Holdings Preferred Stock~~
(k) Merchant cash advance loan on Banner Midstream. Accrued interest on this note at March 31, 2020 is $12. The Company assumed $69 of this note along with accrued interest of $21. A total of $2 of principal and $1 of accrued interest was paid between March 28, 2020 and March 31, 2020. This note was repaid in May 2020.

(l) Original loan date of June 14, 2019 with an original maturity date of April 14, 2020. The Company extended this loan for $1,239 at 4.95% with a new maturity date of April 14, 2025. Debt discount on this loan at March 31, 2020 was $16. This loan and discount was assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition.
~~The Company has 5,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.001 authorized. No preferred shares have been issued.~~
(m) Original loan date of February 28, 2018, due July 28, 2020 at 4.5% interest. This loan was assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition.
(n) On July 20, 2018, Pinnacle Vac Service entered into a long-term secured note payable for $56 for a service truck maturing July 20, 2023. The note is secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at 6.50% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of Mach 31, 2020. This note was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(o) On August 3, 2018, Pinnacle Frac Transport entered into a long-term secured note payable for $73 for a service truck maturing August 3, 2023. The note is secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at 6.50% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of Mach 31, 2020. This note was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(p) On July 18, 2018, Pinnacle Vac Service entered into a long-term secured note payable for $56 for a service truck maturing August 17, 2024. The note is secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at 9.00% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of Mach 31, 2020. This note was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(q) On July 26, 2018, Pinnacle Vac Service entered into a long-term secured note payable for $54 for a service truck maturing September 9, 2024. The note is secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at 7.99% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of Mach 31, 2020. This note was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(r) On July 26, 2018, Pinnacle Vac Service entered into a long-term secured note payable for $54 for a service truck maturing September 9, 2024. The note is secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at 7.99% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of Mach 31, 2020. This note was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(s) On November 5, 2018, Capstone Equipment Leasing entered into four long-term secured notes payable for $140 maturing on November 5, 2021. The notes are secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at rates ranging between 6.89% and 7.87% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of March 31, 2020. These notes were assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(t) On November 7, 2018, Capstone Equipment Leasing entered into a long-term secured note payable for $301 maturing on November 22, 2023. The note is secured by the collateral purchased and accrued interest annually at 10.25% with principal and interest payments due monthly. There is no accrued interest as of March 31, 2020. This note was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream on March 27, 2020.
(u) Note payable assumed in the Banner Midstream acquisition at 5% interest. Was used in the purchase of a workover rig for Shamrock. This amount which includes $5 of accrued interest of which that was assumed in the acquisition of Banner Midstream was repaid in June 2020.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
The following is a list of maturities (net of discount) as of March 31:
2021 $ 6,401
2022 182
2023 126
2024 93
2025 20
$ 6,822
NOTE 10: NOTES PAYABLE - RELATED PARTIES
Notes payable to related parties consisted of the following as of March 31:
2020 2019
Ecoark Holdings Board Member (a) $ 578 $         -
Ecoark Holdings Officers (b) 1,242 -
Banner Midstream Officers (c) 152 -
Ecoark Holdings – common ownership (d) 200 -
Total Notes Payable – Related Parties 2,172 -
Less: Current Portion of Notes Payable – Related Parties (2,172 ) (- )
Long-term debt, net of current portion $ - $ -
(a) A board member advanced $328 to the Company through March 31, 2020, under the terms of a note payable that bears 10% simple interest per annum, and the principal balance along with accrued interest is payable July 30, 2020 or upon demand. Interest expense on the note for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $27. In addition, the Company assumed $250 in notes entered into in March 2020 via the acquisition of Banner Midstream from the same board member at 15% interest.
(b) William B. Hoagland, Principal Financial Officer, advanced $30 to the Company in May 2019 pursuant to a note with the same terms as the note with the board member. Randy May, CEO, advanced $45 to the Company in August 2019 pursuant to a note with the same terms as the note with the board member. Interest expense on both of these notes was $5. Both of these amounts along with the accrued interest was repaid during the year ended March 31, 2020. In addition, Randy May advanced $1,242 in five separate notes to Banner Midstream and its subsidiaries prior to the acquisition by the Company. These amounts are due at various times through July 2020 and bear interest at 10-15% interest per annum. Accrued interest on these notes as of March 31, 2020 is $186. $968 of these notes were repaid in May 2020.
(c) An officer of Banner Midstream who remains an officer of this subsidiary advanced $152 in three separate notes to Banner Midstream and its subsidiaries prior to the acquisition by the Company. These amounts are due at various times through July 2020 and bear interest at 10-15% interest per annum. Accrued interest on these notes as of March 31, 2020 is $17. $55 of these notes were repaid in May 2020.
(d) A company controlled by an officer of the Company advanced $200 to Banner Midstream and its subsidiaries prior to the acquisition by the Company. These amounts were due April 15, 2020 and bears interest at 14% interest per annum. Accrued interest on this note as of March 31, 2020 is $8. These notes were converted in May 2020.
NOTE 11: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Ecoark Holdings ~~Common~~Preferred Stock
~~The Company has 100,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 authorized.~~
In May 2017, the Company issued 2,500 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a private placement offering for $9,106, net of expenses, with $2,029 recorded as equity and the remainder to derivative liabilities (see~~Securities Purchase Agreement – Institutional Funds~~ ~~below).~~
In March 2018, the Company issued 2,500 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a private placement offering for $3,587, net of expenses, with $1,005 recorded as equity and the remainder to derivative liabilities (see~~Securities Purchase Agreement – Institutional Funds~~ ~~below).~~
~~The Company issued 201 shares for board compensation valued at $550 for the year ended March 31, 2018.~~
~~During the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 65 shares to consultants under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan.~~
During the year ended March 31, 2018 the Company issued 1,544 shares to employees in stock grants vested under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan and 239 shares to employees in service-based Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) vested under the 2017 Ecoark Holdings Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan”).
The total share-based compensation expense for the year ended March 31, 2018 was $24,952. The Company acquired 545 shares of common stock from employees in lieu of amounts required to satisfy minimum tax withholding requirements of $1,618 resulting from vesting of the employees’ stock.
~~The Company issued 300 shares in May 2017 for the acquisition of 440labs valued at $1,500.~~
~~The Company issued 300 shares in May 2017 upon the execution of employment agreements with employees of 440labs valued at $1,500 recorded as share-based compensation.~~
~~In May 2017, the Company issued 49 shares for the cashless exercise of 100 warrants to a consultant. The remaining 51 shares were forfeited.~~
On April 14, 2017, the Company sold the assets, liabilities and membership interests in Eco3d to a group led by executives of Eco3d after the Company’s Board concluded that Eco3d did not fit the future strategic direction of the Company. The Company received $2,029 in cash and 560 shares of the Company’s common stock that was held by executives of Eco3d, which shares were canceled.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
~~Securities Purchase Agreements – Institutional Funds~~
On March 14, 2017, the Company completed a reserved private placement agreement entered into on March 13, 2017 related to the issuance and sale of 2,000 shares of common stock for $8,000 ($7,255 net of expenses) to institutional purchasers at $4.00 per share. The purchase agreement is pursuant to the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement filed on August 17, 2016. The purchasers also received warrants to purchase 1,000 shares of common stock equal to 50% of the purchaser’s shares for $5.00 for up to 5 years from the date the transaction completed. The investment bankers for the transaction received warrants to purchase 140 shares of common stock for $5.00 for up to 5 years, the same terms as the investors. Of the total net proceeds of $7,255, $4,609 were determined to be warrant liabilities, and $429 of the fees that were considered related to liabilities were charged to other expense.
On May 22, 2017, the Company completed a reserved private placement agreement related to the issuance and sale of 2,500 shares of common stock for $10,000 ($9,106 net of expenses) to institutional purchasers at $4.00 per share. The purchase agreement is pursuant to the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement filed on August 17, 2016. The purchasers also received warrants to purchase 1,875 shares of common stock equal to 50% of the purchaser’s shares for $5.50 for up to 5 years from the date the transaction completed. The investment bankers for the transaction received warrants to purchase 175 shares of common stock for $5.50 for up to 5 years, the same terms as the investors. Of the total net proceeds of $9,106, $7,772 were determined to be warrant liabilities, and $695 of the fees that were considered related to liabilities were charged to other expense.

On March ~~16, 2018,~~18, 2016, the Company ~~completed~~created 5,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.001. On August 21, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), the Company and two accredited investors entered into a ~~reserved private placement agreement related~~Securities Purchase Agreement pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to the ~~issuance and sale~~investors an aggregate of ~~2,500~~2 shares of ~~common stock for $4,200 ($3,587 net~~Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share at a price of ~~expenses) to institutional purchasers at $1.68~~$1,000 per share. The purchase agreement is pursuant to the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement filed on August 17, 2016. The purchasers also received warrants to purchase 2,500 shares of common stock for $2.00 for up to 5 years from the date the transaction completed. The investment bankers for the transaction received warrants to purchase 88 shares of common stock for $2.02 for up to 5 years, the same terms as the investors. In addition, investment bankers from the May 22, 2017 reserved private placement received warrants to purchase 175 shares of common stock for $2.10 for up to 5 years pursuant to an exclusivity clause. Of the total net proceeds of $3,587, $3,023 were determined to be warrant liabilities, and $441 of the fees that were considered related to liabilities were charged to other expense.

As described in Note 3, the March 14, 2017, May 22, 2017 and March 16, 2018 warrants due to certain embedded features that preclude equity treatment are accounted for under liability accounting and are fair valued at each reporting period. The consolidated financial statements have been restated to reflect adjustments consisting of establishing derivative liabilities of $3,351, offset by a corresponding reduction of stockholders’ equity (deficit) that includes reductions of $829 in accumulated deficit and $4,180 in additional paid-in-capital as of March 31, 2017. The Company uses the Black Scholes option pricing model for determining fair value of the warrants at the end of each period. As of March 31, 2018, the fair value of the derivative liabilities was $3,694.
On August 9, 2018, the Company entered into an Amendment to Common Stock Warrant with the institutional purchasers in the March 17, 2017 and May 22, 2017 that modified the purchase price of the March 17, 2017 warrants from $5.00 per share to $2.50 per share and modified the purchase price of the May 22, 2017 warrants from $5.50 per share to $2.50 per share. The reductions in the exercise prices resulted in charges resulting from the changes in fair value of the derivative liabilities of $845 and $1,635 for the March 17 and May 22 warrants, respectively.
On August 14, 2018, the Company completed a reserved private placement agreement related to the issuance and sale of 2,969 shares of common stock that raised $4,221 (net of fees) to institutional investors. The investors also received 2,969 warrants exercisable into common stock at an exercise price of $2.09. The Company also provided 208 warrants at an exercise price of $1.92 to the investment banker in the transaction. The warrants due to certain embedded features that preclude equity treatment are accounted for under liability accounting and are fair valued at each reporting period. The Company uses the Black Scholes option pricing model for determining fair value of the warrants at the end of each period. Of the total net proceeds of $4,221, $2,892 were determined to be warrant liabilities, and $322 of the fees that were considered related to liabilities were charged to other expense. A reduction in the exercise price to $1.34 for the March 16, 2018 and August 14, 2018 warrants resulted in a charge due to the change in fair value of the derivative liabilities of $260.
In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 94 shares of common stock pursuant to stock awards granted from the 2013 Ecoark Holdings Incentive Stock Plan (“2013 Incentive Stock Plan”), net of 41 shares of common stock acquired from employees in lieu of amounts required to satisfy minimum withholding requirements upon vesting of the employees’ stock. The Company also issued 25 shares to an advisor to the Company pursuant to a stock award granted from the 2017 Ecoark Holdings Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan”).
~~As of March 31, 2019, 52,571 total shares were issued and 51,986 shares were outstanding, net of 585 treasury shares.~~
~~Additional Warrants~~
As discussed in Note 11, the Company issued warrants to convertible note holders that converted their notes into shares of common stock in accordance with the amended secured convertible promissory note. The warrants were exercisable into 310 shares of common stock with a strike price of $7.50 per share and expired on December 31, 2018. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model, which incorporated a volatility of 82% and a discount yield of 1.27%.
~~F-31~~F-22

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to each investor a warrant (a “Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), equal to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock purchased by the investor. Each Warrant has an exercise price equal to $0.51, subject to full ratchet price only anti-dilution provisions in accordance with the terms of the Warrants (the “Exercise Price”) and is exercisable for five years after the Effective Date. In addition, if the market price of the Common Stock on the 11 month anniversary of the closing date of the offering is less than $0.51, holder of the warrants shall be entitled to receive additional shares of common stock based on the number of shares of common stock that would have been issuable upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock had the initial conversion price been equal to the market price at such time (but not less than $0.25) less the number of shares of common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock based on the $0.51 conversion price.
The Company also agreed to amend the current exercise price of the warrants that the investors received in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreements dated March 14, 2017 (the “March Warrants”) and May 22, 2017 (the “May Warrants” and, together with the March Warrants, the “Existing Securities”). The Existing Securities have a current exercise price of $0.59, which was amended from $2.50 on July 12, 2019. The current exercise price for the Existing Securities shall be amended to reduce the exercise price to $0.51 on August 21, 2019, subject to adjustment pursuant to the provisions of the Existing Securities.
Each share of the Series B Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000 (the “Stated Value”) and is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into the number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value by the conversion price of $0.51, subject to certain limitations and adjustments (the “Conversion Price”).
The Company received gross proceeds from the Private Placement of $2,000, before deducting transaction costs, fees and expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the Private Placement to support the Company’s general working capital requirements.
As required by the Securities Purchase Agreement, each director and officer of the Company has previously entered into a lock-up agreement with the Company whereby each director and officer has agreed that during the period commencing from the Effective Date until 120 days after the Effective Date, such director or officer will not offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of or enter into any transaction to dispose of, or establish or increase a put position or liquidate or decrease a call position, with respect to any share of Common Stock or securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into, shares of Common Stock. On August 21, 2019, the Company issued 300 shares of common stock to advisors that assisted with the securities purchase agreement and exchange agreement.

On October ~~26, 2017,~~15, 2019, nearly all the Series B Preferred Stock shares were converted into 3,761 shares of Common Stock.
On November 11, 2019, the Company and two accredited investors entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to the investors an aggregate of 1 share of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share (the “Private Placement”).
Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to each investor a warrant (a “Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), equal to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock purchased by the Investor. Each Warrant has an exercise price equal to $0.73, subject to full ratchet price only anti-dilution provisions in accordance with the terms of the Warrants (the “Exercise Price”) and is exercisable for five years after the Effective Date. In addition, if the market price of the Common Stock for the five trading days prior to July 22, 2020 is less than $0.73, holder of the warrants shall be entitled to receive additional shares of common stock based on the number of shares of common stock that would have been issuable upon conversion of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock had the initial conversion price been equal to the market price at such time (but not less than $0.25) less the number of shares of common stock issued or issuable upon exercise of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock based on the $0.73 conversion price.
Each share of the Series C Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000 (the “Stated Value”) and is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into the number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value by the conversion price of $0.73, subject to certain limitations and adjustments (the “Conversion Price”).
The Company received gross proceeds from the Private Placement of $1,000. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the Private Placement to support the Company’s general working capital requirements.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
As required by the Securities Purchase Agreement, each director and officer of the Company has previously entered into a lock-up agreement with the Company whereby each director and officer has agreed that during the period commencing from the Effective Date until 120 days after the Effective Date, such director or officer will not offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of or enter into any transaction to dispose of, or establish or increase a put position or liquidate or decrease a call position, with respect to any share of Common Stock or securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into, shares of Common Stock.
Ecoark Holdings Common Stock
The Company has 100,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 which were authorized on March 18, 2016. On March 31, 2020 this amount was increased to 200,000, par value $0.001.
On May 31, 2019, the Company acquired Trend Discovery Holdings, Inc. for 5,500 shares of common stock. The value of this transaction was $3,237.
On July 12, 2019, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with investors that are the holders of March and August 2018 warrants. As a ~~consulting agreement for $8 per month unless otherwise terminated~~result of a cashless exercise, the Company issued 4,277 shares of the Company’s common stock to the investors. Upon the issuance of the 4,277 shares, the March and ~~agreed to issue~~August 2018 warrants for 755,677 shares were extinguished. The fair value of the shares issued was $3,293, and the fair value of the warrants was $2,455 resulting in a loss of $839 that was recognized on the exchange. On August 21, 2019, the Company issued 300 shares to advisors that assisted with the securities purchase agreement and exchange agreement.
On October 15, 2019, nearly all the Series B Preferred Stock shares were converted into 3,761 shares of Common Stock. On October 28, 2019, the Company issued 2,243 shares of the Company’s common stock to investors in exchange for the March and May 2017 warrants. Upon the issuance of the 2,243 shares, the March and May 2017 warrants were extinguished. The fair value of the shares issued was $2,186, and the fair value of the warrants was $1,966 resulting in a loss of $220 that was recognized on the exchange. On October 31, 2019, the Company issued 120 shares of common stock for services rendered. On December 20, 2019, the Company issued 128 shares of common stock for services rendered. A loss of $100 was recognized related to the issuance of the 248 shares. On December 24, 2019, the Company issued 247 shares of common stock for services to be rendered in 2020.
On February 21, 2020, the Company issued 8 shares of common stock for services valued at $7.
On January 27, 2020, the Company exercised the 3,922 warrants which were granted in August 2019 into common shares.
On March 27, 2020, the Company and Banner Energy, a Nevada corporation (“Banner Parent”), entered into a Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Banner Purchase Agreement”) to acquire Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream”). Pursuant to the acquisition, Banner Midstream will became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and Banner Parent received shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Banner Midstream.
The Company issued 8,945 shares of common stock (which Banner Parent issued to certain of its noteholders) and assumed $11,771 in debt of Banner Midstream. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and another director recused themselves from all board discussions on the acquisition of Banner Midstream as they are stockholders and/or noteholders of Banner Midstream. The transaction was approved by all of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Chairman and CEO of Banner Parent is a former officer of the Company and has maintained a relationship with the Company as a consultant.
On March 31, 2020, the Company converted all principal and interest in the Trend Discovery SPV I, LLC credit facility into shares of the Company’s common stock. The conversion of approximately $2,525 of principal and $290 of accrued interest resulted in the issuance of 3,855 shares of common stock at ~~$2.10~~a value of $0.59 per ~~share, vesting immediately with~~share. As a ~~term~~result of ~~five years.~~the conversion, there are no amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2020.

~~Changes in the warrants are described in the table below for the years ended~~As of March ~~31:~~31, 2020, 85,876 total shares were issued and 85,291 shares were outstanding, net of 585 treasury shares.

2019 2018
Number Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance 10,577 $ 4.37 5,789 $ 5.09

Granted 3,177 $ 2.00 4,888 $ 3.47
Exercised Cashless - (49 )
Forfeited - (51 )
Expired (4,547 ) $ 5.17 -
Ending balance 9,206 $ 2.12 10,577 $ 4.37
Intrinsic value of warrants $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 3.0 2.5

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Changes in the warrants are described in the table below for the years ended March 31:
2020 2019
Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price
Beginning balance 9,206 $ 2.12 10,577 $ 4.37

Granted 13,426 $ 0.72 3,177 $ 2.00
Exercised (11,633 ) $ (1.25 ) -
Cancelled (2,877 ) $ (5.16 ) -
Expired (- ) $ - (4,547 ) $ 5.17
Ending balance 8,122 $ 1.12 9,206 $ 2.12
Intrinsic value of warrants $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 4.6 3.0
The originally granted March 2017 (1,000 at an exercise price of $5.50) and May 2017 (1,875 at an exercise price of $5.00) warrants were replaced with October 2019 (2,243) warrants with a new exercise price of $0.59. The March 2017 and May 2017 are reflected as cancelled and the October 2019 are included in warrants granted.

Share-based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation for employees is included in salaries and salary related costs and directors and services are included in professional fees and consulting in the consolidated statement of operations as follows for the years ended March 31:

2013 Incentive Stock Plan 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan Non-Qualified Stock Options Common Stock Warrants Total
2019
Directors $ - $ 400 $ - $ - $ - $ 400
Employees 270 356 2,066 - - 2,692
Services - (14 ) - - - (14 )
$ 270 $ 742 $ 2,066 $ - $ - $ 3,078

2018
Directors $ - $ 550 $ - $ - $ - $ 550
Employees 16,701 2,707 1,184 1,500 - 22,092
Services 181 307 - - 108 596
Services prepaid expense 1,714 - - - - 1,714
$ 18,596 $ 3,564 1,184 $ 1,500 $ 108 $ 24,952

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
2013 Incentive Stock Plan 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan Non-Qualified Stock Options Common Stock Warrants Total
2020
Directors $          - $ 200 $ 334 $        - $         - $ 534
Employees - 568 1,556 - - 2,124
Services - 245 196 717 - 1,158
$ - $ 1,013 $ 2,086 $ 717 $ - $ 3,816

2019
Directors $ - $ 400 $ - $ - $ - $ 400
Employees 270 356 2,066 - - 2,692
Services -- (14 ) - - - (14 )
Services prepaid expense - - - - - -
$ 270 $ 742 $ 2,066 $ - $ - $ 3,078

Modification of Awards

During the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company issued option awards to individuals in replacement of existing restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards previously granted. In addition, the Committee approved 2,909 new option awards that vest over a four-year period to induce certain employees to accept the replacement options, to compensate them for diminution in value of their existing awards and in consideration of a number of other factors, including each individual’s role and responsibility with the Company, their years of service to the Company, and market precedents and standards for modification of equity awards. With respect to the replacement options, grantees agreed to exchange the existing awards covering 2,718 shares of the Company’s common stock and were granted replacement options to purchase 2,926 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grants. In consideration of the agreements, the majority of replacement options vested immediately upon grant. The new option awards vest in 12twelve equal installments, with the first installment vesting on January 15, 2018, and additional installments vesting on the last day of each of the eleven successive three-month periods, subject to continued employment by the Company. The replacement options were issued under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan or 2013 Incentive Stock Plan to correspond with the plan under which the existing awards were issued. The new options were not granted under any of the Company’s existing equity compensation plans.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
In accordance with ASU 2017-09Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting, the Company recognized the total compensation cost measured at the date of a modification which is the sum of the portion of the grant-date fair value of the original award for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered (or has already been rendered) at that date and the incremental cost resulting from the modification. The replacement and new options had a fair value of $10,290, of which $4,507 (including $3,286 of fair value adjustments to the new instruments) was recognized as share-based compensation in the three months ended December 31, 2017 and the remaining $5,783 will be recognized in periods through December 2021.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company issued option awards to individuals in replacement of existing restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards previously granted. With respect to the replacement options, grantees agreed to exchange the existing awards covering 300 shares of the Company’s common stock and were granted replacement options to purchase 300 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grants. The replacement options vest according to the original vesting schedule of the awards exchanged. The replacement options were issued under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan to correspond with the plan under which the existing awards were issued.

In accordance with ASU 2017-09Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting, the Company recognized the total compensation cost measured at the date of a modification which is the sum of the portion of the grant-date fair value of the original award for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered (or has already been rendered) at that date and the incremental cost resulting from the modification. The replacement options had a fair value of $467, which was less than the fair value of the existing awards exchanged and therefore an incremental share-based compensation cost was not recognized and the $467 will be recognized in periods through December 2018.
On June 6, 2020 the Board Compensation Committee approved the modification of an executive’s stock option as allowable by the Company’s 2013 Incentive Stock Option Plan and 2017 Omnibus Stock Plan to amend the strike price of the executive’s 3,362,500 stock option grant from $2.60 per share to $0.73 per share.
Non-Qualified Stock Options

As previously described, new option awards were granted to induce individuals in replacement of existing restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards previously granted. The individuals were granted options to purchase 2,909 shares of Company common stock that vest at a rate of 25% per year from 2018 to 2021, subject to continued employment by the Company. As with the replacement options, the new options have an exercise price set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grant. Share-based compensation costs of $1,684 for grants not yet recognized will be recognized as expense through 2021, subject to any change for actual versus estimated forfeitures. The new options were not granted under any of the Company’s existing equity compensation plans, however they have terms consistent with terms of the plans.

The Company records share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 for employees and ASC 505 for non-employees. Management valued the options utilizing the Black-Scholes model with the following criteria: stock price - $2.60; exercise price - $2.60; expected term – 4 years; discount rate – 2.03%; and volatility – 97%.

~~As described further in Note 14,~~In 2019, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with a former consultant which provided for the issuance of options for 7 shares of common stock in addition to other terms. The options entitle the holders to purchase shares of common stock for $0.98 per share through November 2023. Management valued the options utilizing the Black-Scholes model with the following criteria: stock price - $0.98; exercise price - $0.98; expected term – 4 years; discount rate – 2.51%; and volatility – 148%.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

~~Changes in~~In 2020, the Company granted 5,560 options to consultants, board members and employees for the non-qualified stock options ~~are described in~~as well as the ~~table below for the years ended March 31:~~
2019 2018
Number Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance 2,909 $ 2.60 -
Granted 7 $ 0.98 2,909 $ 2.60
Exercised - -
Expired - -
Forfeited - -
Ending balance 2,916 $ 2.60 2,909 $ 2.60
Intrinsic value of options
$ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 8.5 9.5
~~2013 Option Plan~~
On February 16, 2013, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Ecoark Inc. 2013 Stock Option Plan (the “2013 Option Plan”). The purposes of the 2013 Option Plan were to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants, and to promote the success of the business. The 2013 Option Plan was expected to contribute to the attainment of these objectives by offering employees, directors and consultants the opportunity to acquire stock ownership interests in Ecoark, and to thereby provide them with incentives to put forth maximum efforts for the success of Ecoark.
~~Awards~~options granted under the 2013 Option Plan were only granted in the form of non-statutory stock options (“Options”) to purchase Ecoark’s Series C Stock prior to the Merger with MSC. Under the terms of the 2013 Option Plan and the Merger, the Options converted into the right to purchase shares of the Company.
In May 2014, Ecoark had granted Options to purchase 693 shares to various employees and consultants of Ecoark. The Options had an exercise price of $1.25 per share and have a term of 10 years. The Options were to2017 Omnibus plan below, that vest over a three-year period as follows: 25% immediately; 25% on the first anniversary date; 25% on the second anniversary date; and 25% on the third anniversary date. During 2015 Ecoark issued additional Options on 625 shares of common stock. At the end of 2015, Optionstime in service-based grants. The options were valued under the 2013 Option Plan were outstanding to purchase 1,318 shares of common stock. The total original number of Options on 1,318 Ecoark shares was divided by two in conjunction with the exchange ratio required by the Merger Agreement and converted to Options to purchase 659 shares of the Company (Holdings) with an adjusted exercise price of $2.50. In September 2016, the remaining vesting was accelerated to have those Options 100% vested. In 2016, the Company issued options to purchase 125 shares of stock at a strike price of $2.50 per share to a consultant. These options vested immediately and expired on March 31, 2018. In the Company’s fourth quarter of 2016, an option holder forfeited 125 options and thus, at December 31, 2016, Options on 659 shares of the Company were outstanding with an adjusted exercise price of $2.50. The Board of Directors adjusted the expiration date of these options to March 28, 2018. All unexercised options expired as of March 31, 2018.
~~Management valued the Options utilizing the~~ Black-Scholes ~~Method,~~model with the following criteria: stock price range of - ~~$2.50;~~$0.50 - $1.35; range of exercise price - ~~$2.50;~~$0.50 - $1.35; expected term – 104 years; discount rate – ~~0.25%~~1.12%; and volatility – ~~55%~~average of 84%.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, ~~2019~~2020

Changes in the ~~Options under the 2013 Option Plan~~non-qualified stock options are described in the table below for the years ended March 31:

2019 2018
Number Weighted
Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance - 884 $ 2.50
Granted - -
Exercised - -
Expired - (884 ) $ 2.50
Forfeited - -
Ending balance - $ - - $ -
Intrinsic value of Options $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) - -
2020 2019
Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price
Beginning balance 2,916 $ 2.60 2,909 $ 2.60
Granted 5,560 $ 0.57 7 $ 0.98
Exercised - -
Cancelled (254 ) $ (2.60 ) -
Forfeited - -
Ending balance 8,222 $ 1.22 2,916 $ 2.60
Intrinsic value of options $ 372

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 8.7 8.5

2013 Incentive Stock Plan

The 2013 Incentive Stock Plan was registered on February 7, 2013. Under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock in the form of stock options, stock awards and stock purchase offers of up to 5,500 shares of common stock to Company employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors. The type of grant, vesting provisions, exercise price and expiration dates are to be established by the Board at the date of grant. At the time of the Merger, 5,497 shares were available to issue under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan.

As previously described, during the three months ended March 31, 2018, new option awards were granted to individuals in replacement of existing restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards previously granted. With respect to the replacement options, grantees agreed to exchange the existing awards covering 300 shares of the Company’s common stock and were granted 300 replacement options to purchase shares of Company common stock at an exercise price set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grants. The replacement options vest according to the original vesting schedule of the awards exchanged through December 2018. The replacement options were issued under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan to correspond with the plan under which the existing awards were issued.

Share-based compensation costs have been fully recognized as expense through December 31, 2018.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~

The Company records share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 for employees and ASC 505 for non-employees. Management valued the options utilizing the Black-Scholes model with the following criteria ranges: stock price - $2.10 to $2.60 exercise price - $2.10 to $2.60; expected term – 4.0 to 5.2 years; discount rate – 2.22% to 2.7%; and volatility – 95 to 105%. Changes in the options under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan are described in the table below for the years ended March 31:

2020 2019
Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price
Beginning balance 2,353 $ 2.52 2,563 $ 2.52
Granted - -
Options granted in exchange for shares - -
Exercised - -
Expired/Cancelled (495 ) -
Forfeited (125 ) (210 )
Ending balance 1,733 $ 2.52 2,353 $ 2.52
Intrinsic value of options $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 7.6 8.6
2019 2018
Number Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance 2,563 $ 2.52 -
Granted - -
Options granted in exchange for shares - 2,563 $ 2.52
Exercised - -
Expired - -
Forfeited (210 ) -
Ending balance 2,353 $ 2.52 2,563 $ 2.52
Intrinsic value of options $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 8.6 9.6

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020

A summary of the activity for service-based grants as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 is presented below for the years ended March 31:

2019 2018
Number Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance 105 $ 4.90 1,983 $ 4.90
Granted -
Issued (96 ) (1,585 )
Expired - -
Forfeited (9 ) (293 )
Options granted in exchange for shares -
Ending balance - $ - 105 $ 4.90

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) - 0.8
2020 2019
Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price
Beginning balance        - $        - 105 $ 4.90
Granted -
Issued - (96 )
Expired - -
Forfeited - (9 )
Options granted in exchange for shares - -
Ending balance - $ - - $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) - -

A reconciliation of the shares available and issued under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan is presented in the table below for the years ended March 31:

2020 2019
Beginning available 454 235
Shares modified to options - -
Options in exchange for shares - -
Shares forfeited - 219
Ending available 454 454

Vested stock awards (1) 4,414 2,353

Beginning number of shares issued 2,681 2,585
Issued - 96
Cancelled - -
Ending number of shares issued 2,681 2,681
2019 2018
Beginning available 235 11
Shares modified to options - 2,493
Options in exchange for shares - (2,563 )
Shares forfeited 219 294
Ending available 454 235

Vested stock awards 2,353 4,799

Beginning number of shares issued 2,585 1,000
Issued 96 1,585
Cancelled - -
Ending number of shares issued 2,681 2,585

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
(1) For 2020, Includes 2,681 of vested RSU’s and 1,773 of vested stock options

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan

The 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan was registered on June 14, 2017. Under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company may grant nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, and other awards. Awards of up to 4,000 shares of common stock to Company employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors are available under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The type of grant, vesting provisions, exercise price and expiration dates are to be established by the Board at the date of grant.

As previously described, new option awards were granted to individuals in replacement of existing restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards previously granted. With respect to the replacement options, grantees agreed to exchange the existing awards covering 525 shares of the Company’s common stock and were granted 663 replacement options to purchase shares of Company common stock at an exercise price set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grants. In consideration of the agreements, the majority of the replacement options vested immediately upon grant. The remaining replacement options will vest in equal installments through July 2020, subject to continued employment by the Company.

Share-based compensation costs of approximately $629 for grants not yet recognized will be recognized as expense through October 2023 subject to any changes for actual versus estimated forfeitures.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
The Company records share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 for employees and ASC 505 for non-employees. Management valued the options utilizing the Black-Scholes model with the following criteria ranges: stock price - $1.61 to $3.76 exercise price - $1.61 to $3.76; expected term – ten years in the first two quarters and four years in the last two quarters; discount rate – 1.99% to 2.65%; and volatility – 89 to 103%. Changes in the options under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan are described in the table below for the years ended March 31:NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020

2019 2018
Number Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Beginning balance 1,374 $ 2.76 -
Granted 1,034 $ 0.93 911 $ 2.44
Shares modified to options - - 663 $ 3.00
Exercised - -
Expired - (8 )
Forfeited (538 ) (192 )
Ending balance 1,870 $ 1.54 1,374 $ 2.76
Intrinsic value of options $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 9.2 9.5
2020 2019
Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Beginning balance 1,870 $ 1.54 1,374 $ 2.76
Granted 879 $ 1.21 1,034 $ 0.93
Shares modified to options - - - -
Exercised - -
Cancelled (78 ) -
Forfeited - (538 )
Ending balance 2,671 $ 1.54 1,870 $ 1.54
Intrinsic value of options $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 9.2 9.2

A summary of the activity for ~~performance-based~~service-based RSUs as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~since inception in June 2017~~March 31, 2019 is presented below for the years ended March 31:

2020 2019
Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price Number Weighted Average Exercise
Price
Beginning balance        - $        - 50 $ 2.60
Granted - - -
Issued - (25 )
Expired - -
Forfeited - (25 )
Options granted in exchange -
Ending balance - $ - - $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) - -
2019 2018
Number Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Number Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Beginning balance - -
Granted - 135 $ 3.36
Exercised - -
Expired - -
Forfeited - (135 ) $ 3.36
Ending balance - $ - - $ -

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) - -
Additional information regarding the RSUs is presented in the table below as of and for the years ended March 31:
2020 2019
Total market value of shares/units vested $        - $        -
Share-based compensation expense for RSUs $ - $ (254 )
Total tax benefit related to RSU share-based compensation expense $ - $ -
Cash tax benefits realized for tax deductions for RSUs $ - $ -
At March 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs with a weighted average vesting period of 0 years.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, ~~2019~~
~~A summary of the activity for service-based RSUs as of March 31, 2019 and since inception in June 2017 is presented below for the years ended March 31:~~
2019 2018
Number Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance 50 $ 2.60 -
Granted - 1,381 $ 3.30
Issued (25 ) (465 )
Expired - -
Forfeited (25 ) (341 )
Options granted in exchange - (525 )
Ending balance - $ - 50 $ 2.60

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) - 9.3
~~Additional information regarding the RSUs is presented in the table below as of and for the years ended March 31:~~
2019 2018
Total market value of shares/units vested $    - $     -
Share-based compensation expense for RSUs $ (254 ) $ 609
Total tax benefit related to RSU share-based compensation expense $ - $ -
Cash tax benefits realized for tax deductions for RSUs $ - $ -
At March 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs with a weighted average vesting period of 0 years. At March 31, 2018, there was $314 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs with a weighted average vesting period of 0.2 years.2020

A reconciliation of the total shares available and issued under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan is presented in the table below for the years ended March 31:

2020 2019
Beginning available 1,615 2,111
Shares granted (604 ) (1,034 )
Shares modified to options - -
Options in exchange for shares (- ) (- )
Shares expired - -
Shares forfeited 215 538
Ending available 1,226 1,615

Vested stock awards (1) 2,451 905

Beginning number of shares issued 490 465
Issued - 25
Cancelled - -
Ending number of shares issued 490 490
2019 2018
Beginning available 2,111 4,000
Shares granted (1,034 ) (2,427 )
Shares modified to options - 525
Options in exchange for shares (- ) (663 )
Shares expired - 8
Shares forfeited 538 668
Ending available 1,615 2,111

Vested stock awards 905 1,066

Beginning number of shares issued 465 -
Issued 25 465
Cancelled - -
Ending number of shares issued 490 465

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
(1) For 2020, Includes 490 of vested RSU’s and 1,961 of vested stock options

NOTE ~~14:~~12: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

~~On August 1, 2018, Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Zest Labs, Inc. filed a complaint against Walmart Inc.~~We are presently involved in the ~~United States District Court for~~following in Arkansas and Florida. To the ~~Eastern District~~best of ~~Arkansas, Western Division. The complaint includes claims for violation~~our knowledge, no governmental authority is contemplating any proceeding to which we are a party or to which any of the Arkansas Trade Secrets Act, violation of the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act, breach of contract, unfair competition, unjust enrichment, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, conversion and fraud. Ecoark Holdings and Zest Labsour properties or businesses are ~~seeking monetary damages and other related relief~~subject, which would reasonably be likely to ~~the extent it is deemed proper by the court. The Company does not believe that expenses incurred in pursuing the complaint will~~ have a material adverse effect on the Company.
● On August 1, 2018, Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Zest Labs, Inc. filed a complaint against Walmart Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Western Division. The complaint includes claims for violation of the Arkansas Trade Secrets Act, violation of the Federal Defend Trade Secrets Act, breach of contract, unfair competition, unjust enrichment, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, conversion and fraud. Ecoark Holdings and Zest Labs are seeking monetary damages and other related relief to the extent it is deemed proper by the court. The Company does not believe that expenses incurred in pursuing the complaint have had a material effect on the Company’s net income or financial condition for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 or any individual fiscal quarter. On October 22, 2018, the Court issued an order initially setting a trial date of June 1, 2020, which has been delayed due to COVID-19.
● On December 12, 2018, a complaint was filed against the Company in the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Sarasota County, Florida by certain investors who invested in the Company before it was public. The complaint alleges that the investment advisors who solicited the investors to invest into the Company made omissions and misrepresentations concerning the Company and the shares. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint which is pending.
In the opinion of management, there are no legal matters involving us that would have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial condition, ~~for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019~~results of operations or any individual fiscal quarter. On October 22, 2018, the Court issued an order setting a trial date of June 1, 2020. The order also established deadlines for the completion of fact discovery by October 15, 2019, opening expert reports on October 24, 2019, and dispositive motions, on January 22, 2020. The case is presently in the fact discovery phase.cash flows.

On December 12, 2018, a complaint was filed against the Company in the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Sarasota County, Florida by certain investors who invested in the Company before it was public. The complaint alleges that the investment advisors who solicited the investors to invest into the Company made omissions and misrepresentations concerning the Company and the shares. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint which is pending.
On June 20, 2018, a complaint against the Company and certain affiliates was filed by a former consultant in the U.S. District Court - Northern District of California. The complaint refers to an advisory agreement dated January 1, 2015 with Ecoark, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, in which the former consultant was to provide advice and consultation to Ecoark, Inc. in exchange for consulting fees, expenses and a warrant to purchase equity in Ecoark, Inc. The matter was settled in January 2019. The Company recorded a charge of $20 in connection with the settlement of the matter.
~~Operating Leases~~
The Company leases many of its operating and office facilities for various terms under long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreements. These leases expire at various dates through 2020. Rent expense was as follows for the years ended March 31:
2019 2018
Continuing operations $ 242 $ 346
Discontinued operations 96 25
Total $ 338 $ 371
~~Future minimum lease payments required under the operating leases for continuing operations are as follows: 2020 - $127.On adoption of ASC 842~~~~Leases~~ ~~beginning April 1, 2019, the Company currently expects to~~recognize additional operating liabilities of approximately $121, with corresponding right of use assets of $112 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under leasing standards for existing operating leases.

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
Royalties

The Company has cross-licensing agreements with several technology companies that require payment of royalties upon the sale and or use of certain patented technologies. One of these agreements requires minimum annual payments of $50 until the last of the patents expire.

NOTE ~~15:~~13: INCOME TAXES

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740: Income Taxes which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax losses and tax credit carryforwards.  ASC Topic 740 additionally requires the establishment of a valuation allowance to reflect the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets. The Company has a net operating loss carryforward for tax purposes totaling approximately ~~$98,293~~$109,794 at March 31, ~~2019, expiring through the year 2039.~~2020. Internal Revenue Code Section 382 places a limitation on the amount of taxable income that can be offset by carryforwards after certain ownership shifts. ~~During fiscal year 2019,~~The Company is in process of determining all potential limitations with respect to Section 382 and will adjust in future periods. There is a full valuation allowance on these net operating loss carryforwards, so there will be no impact on the ~~Company has not reviewed, if an ownership change has occurred, as~~financial position of the ~~statement date. If such a change has occurred, the new operation losses could be limited or eliminated.~~Company.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020

The table below summarizes the differences between the tax benefit computed at the statutory federal tax rate and the Company’s net income tax benefit for the years ended March 31:

2019 2018
Tax benefit computed at expected statutory rate $ (2,867 ) $ (10,343 )
State income taxes 2 22
Permanent differences:
Share-based compensation 182 1,288
Goodwill impairment - 226
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (664 ) (3,261 )
Temporary differences:
Share-based compensation 546 2,289
Property and equipment (48 ) 399
Intangible assets 640 232
Other adjustments 42 (66 )
Increase in valuation allowance 2,169 9,214
Net income tax benefit $ - $ -
~~The table below summarizes the differences between the statutory federal rate and the Company’s effective tax rate as follows for the years ended March 31:~~
2019 2018
Federal statutory rate (benefit) (21.0 )% (31.5 )%
Temporary differences (3.5 )% (15.2 )%
Permanent differences 8.6 % 24.8 %
Change in valuation allowance 15.9 % 21.9 %
Effective Tax Rate 0 % 0 %
2020 2019
Tax benefit computed at expected statutory rate $ (2,549 ) $ (2,867 )
State income taxes (288 ) 2
Permanent differences:
Intangibles purchased (2,185 ) -
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities 77 (664 )
Gain/Loss on conversion of liabilities 364 -
Temporary differences:
Share-based compensation 892 728
Property and equipment (94 ) (48 )
Intangible assets - 640
Other adjustments 657 42
Increase in valuation allowance 3,280 2,169
Net income tax benefit $ - $ -

The Company has deferred tax assets (liabilities) which are summarized as follows at March 31:
2020 2019
Net operating loss carryover $ 25,659 $ 23,327
Depreciable and amortizable assets 1,866 1,761
Share-based compensation 4,548 3,586
Accrued liabilities 42 57
Allowance for bad debts 135 120
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (802 ) (2,884 )
Intangible assets purchased (2,185 ) -
Other 365 381
Less: valuation allowance (29,628 ) (26,348 )
Net deferred tax asset $ - $ -

2019 2018
Net operating loss carryover $ 23,327 $ 23,230
Depreciable and amortizable assets 1,761 1,168
Share-based compensation 3,586 2,858
Accrued liabilities 57 58
Inventory reserve - 3
Allowance for bad debts 120 13
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (2,884 ) (1,956 )
Effect of reduction in tax rate - (994 )
Other 381 328
Less: valuation allowance (26,348 ) (24,708 )
Net deferred tax asset $ - $ -

~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
~~(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)~~
~~MARCH 31, 2019~~
After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management has recorded a full valuation allowance at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, due to the uncertainty of realizing the deferred income tax assets. The valuation was increased by approximately ~~$1,640~~$3,280 as a result ~~of $3,874~~ of differences relating to fiscal ~~2019 operations.~~2020 operations offset by the non-deductibility of the intangibles acquired in the Banner Midstream acquisition. The Company has not identified any uncertain tax positions and has not received any notices from tax authorities.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, (the “TCJA”) was enacted.  The TCJA includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the Company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset, and therefore, the tax effects of the of enactment of the TCJA as written did not result in a remeasurement of the Company’s net deferred tax asset.
NOTE ~~16:~~14: CONCENTRATIONS

Concentration of Credit Risk.The Company’s customer base for its Zest Lab products is concentrated with a small number of customers. The Company does not generally require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. To reduce credit risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations on its customers’ financial condition. The Company establishes allowances for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of customers, historical trends and other information. Two customers, both in the commodity segment accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance at March 31, 2020 for a total of 63% of accounts receivable), and represented approximately 32% of total revenues for the Company for the year ended March 31, 2020 (both over 10% individually). J. Terrence Thompson accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of March ~~2019 and 2018.~~31, 2019.
F-31
ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Supplier Concentration.Certain of the raw materials, components and equipment used by the Company in the manufacture of its products are available from single-sourced vendors. Shortages could occur in these essential materials and components due to an interruption of supply or increased demand in the industry. If the Company were unable to procure certain materials, components or equipment at acceptable prices, it would be required to reduce its manufacturing operations, which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations. In addition, the Company may make prepayments to certain suppliers or enter into minimum volume commitment agreements. Should these suppliers be unable to deliver on their obligations or experience financial difficulty, the Company may not be able to recover these prepayments.

The Company occasionally maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit. The Company does not consider this risk to be material.

NOTE ~~17: ACQUISITION OF 440labs~~15: ACQUISITIONS
Trend Discovery Holdings, Inc.

On May ~~18, 2017,~~31, 2019, the Company entered into an ~~exchange agreement~~Agreement and Plan of Merger (the ~~“Exchange~~“Merger Agreement”) with ~~Zest Labs, 440labs, SphereIt, LLC,~~Trend Discovery Holdings Inc., a ~~Massachusetts limited liability company~~Delaware corporation (“~~SphereIt”~~Trend Holdings”) for the Company to acquire 100% of Trend Holdings pursuant to a merger of Trend Holdings with and ~~three~~into the Company (the “Merger”). The Merger was completed as agreed in the Merger Agreement, the Company is the surviving entity in the Merger and the separate corporate existence of ~~440labs’ executive employees.~~Trend Holdings has ceased to exist. Pursuant to the ~~Exchange Agreement, on May 23, 2017 the Company acquired all~~Merger, each of the 1,000 issued and outstanding shares of ~~440labs in exchange for 300~~common stock of Trend Holdings was converted into 5,500 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to SphereIt. 440labs’ three executive employees signed employment agreements pursuant to which each of the three executive employees received 100 shares of the Company’s common stock and became employed by Zest Labs.
stock. No cash was paid relating to the acquisition of 440labs. 440labs is a software development and information solutions provider for cloud, mobile, and IoT applications. 440labs’ experienced leadership and engineering teams will augment Zest Labs’ development of modern, enterprise scale solutions that robustly connect to distributed IoT deployments. 440labs blends onshore and offshore resources to optimize development and provide extended runtime operations coverage, critical to broad-based deployments.acquisition.

The Company acquired the assets and liabilities noted below in exchange for the ~~300~~5,500 shares and accounted for the acquisition in accordance with ASC 805. Based on the fair values at the effective date of acquisition the purchase price was recorded as follows:

Cash $ 3
Receivables 10
Other assets 2
Goodwill 3,222
$ 3,237
Identifiable intangible assets $ 1,435
Goodwill 65
$ 1,500
The Acquisition has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total acquisition consideration price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their preliminary estimated fair values. The fair value measurements utilize estimates based on key assumptions of the Acquisition, and historical and current market data. The excess of the purchase price over the total of estimated fair values assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. In order to ultimately determine the fair values of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed for Trend Holdings, we have engaged a third-party independent valuation specialist. The Company has recognized the purchase price allocations based on historical inputs and data as of May 31, 2019. The allocation of the purchase price is based on the best information available, amongst other things: (i) the valuation of the fair values and useful lives of tangible assets acquired; (ii) valuations and useful lives for intangible assets; (iii) valuation of accounts payable and accrued expenses; and (iv) the fair value of non-cash consideration.

The ~~primary business~~Company had an independent valuation consultant confirm the valuation of ~~440labs is providing development services to Zest Labs. In consolidation,~~Trend Holdings and the ~~revenues of 440labs prior to the acquisition would have been eliminated against the expenses of Zest Labs that were paid to 440labs, resulting in an insignificant impact to the net losses~~allocation of the ~~Company.~~ intangible assets.
The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. ~~The goodwill was tested for impairment and written off in the quarter ended March 31, 2018 along with the intangible asset related to one of the executive employees who resigned from the Company.~~

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

MARCH 31, ~~2019~~2020
Banner Midstream
On March 27, 2020, the Company and Banner Energy, a Nevada corporation (“Banner Parent”), entered into a Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Banner Purchase Agreement”) to acquire Banner Midstream Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Banner Midstream”). Pursuant to the acquisition, Banner Midstream became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and Banner Parent received shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Banner Midstream.
Banner Midstream has four operating subsidiaries: Pinnacle Frac Transport LLC (“Pinnacle Frac”), Capstone Equipment Leasing LLC (“Capstone”), White River Holdings Corp. (“White River”), and Shamrock Upstream Energy LLC (“Shamrock”). Pinnacle Frac provides transportation of frac sand and logistics services to major hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations. Capstone procures and finances equipment to oilfield transportation service contractors. These two operating subsidiaries of Banner Midstream are revenue producing entities. White River and Shamrock are engaged in oil and gas exploration, production, and drilling operations on over 10,000 cumulative acres of active mineral leases in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
The Company issued 8,945 shares of common stock (which Banner Parent issued to certain of its noteholders) and assumed $11,774 in debt and lease liabilities of Banner Midstream. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and another director recused themselves from all board discussions on the acquisition of Banner Midstream as they are stockholders and/or noteholders of Banner Midstream. The transaction was approved by all of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Chairman and CEO of Banner Parent is a former officer of the Company and is currently the Principal Accounting Officer of the Company and Chief Executive Officer and President of Banner Midstream.
The Company acquired the assets and liabilities noted below in exchange for the 8,945 shares and accounted for the acquisition in accordance with ASC 805. Based on the fair values at the effective date of acquisition the purchase price was recorded as follows (subject to adjustment):

Cash (including restricted cash) $ 205
Accounts receivables 110
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 585
Machinery and equipment 3,426
Oil and gas properties 6,135
Customer relationships 2,100
Trade name 250
Right of use assets 731
Assets of discontinued operations 249
Goodwill 8,364
Accounts payable (268 )
Accrued liabilities (2,362 )
Due to prior owners (2,362 )
Lease liabilities (732 )
Liabilities of discontinued operations (228 )
Asset retirement obligation (295 )
Notes payable – related parties (1,844 )
Long-term debt (6,836 )
$ 4,866
The consideration paid for Banner Midstream was in the form of 8,945 shares of stock at a fair value of $0.544 per share or $4,867. The Company had an independent valuation consultant perform a valuation of Banner Midstream.
The Acquisition has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total acquisition consideration price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their preliminary estimated fair values. The fair value measurements utilize estimates based on key assumptions of the Acquisition, and historical and current market data. The excess of the purchase price over the total of the estimated fair values assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. In order to determine the fair values of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed for Banner Midstream, we have engaged a third-party independent valuation specialist. The Company has estimated the preliminary purchase price allocations based on historical inputs and data as of March 27, 2020. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is based on the best information available and is pending, amongst other things: (i) the finalization of the valuation of the fair values and useful lives of tangible assets acquired; (ii) the finalization of the valuations and useful lives for the reserves and intangible assets acquired; (iii) finalization of the valuation of accounts payable and accrued expenses; and (iv) finalization of the fair value of non-cash consideration.
During the measurement period (which is the period required to obtain all necessary information that existed at the acquisition date, or to conclude that such information is unavailable, not to exceed one year), additional assets or liabilities may be recognized, or there could be changes to the amounts of assets or liabilities previously recognized on a preliminary basis, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in the recognition of these assets or liabilities as of that date.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The following table shows the unaudited pro-forma results for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, as if the acquisition had occurred on April 1, 2018. These unaudited pro forma results of operations are based on the historical financial statements and related notes of Trend Holdings, Banner Midstream (which includes White River and Shamrock) and the Company.
Years Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
(Unaudited) (Unaudited)

Revenues $ 16,297 $ 10,101
Net loss $ (17,618 ) $ (17,351 )
Net loss per share $ (0.28 ) $ (0.34 )
NOTE ~~18:~~16: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company measures and discloses the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy prescribed by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The fair value hierarchy has three levels, which are based on reliable available inputs of observable data. The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The three-level hierarchy is defined as follows:

Level 1 – quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2 – quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3 – fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Financial instruments consist principally of cash, accounts receivable and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, notes payable, and amounts due to related parties. The fair value of cash is determined based on Level 1 inputs. There were no transfers into or out of “Level 3” during the years ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019. The recorded values of all other financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective relatively short maturity dates or durations.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. The Company records the fair value of the of the warrant derivative liabilities disclosed in Note 9 in accordance with ASC 815,Derivatives and Hedging. The fair values of the derivatives were calculated using the Black-Scholes Model. The fair value of the derivative liabilities is revalued on each balance sheet date with corresponding gains and losses recorded in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations.

The following table presents assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis as of and for the year ended March 31:

2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Gains and (Losses)
Warrant derivative liabilities        -         - $ 2,775 $ (3,182 )

2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Gains and (Losses)
Warrant derivative liabilities
- - $ 3,104 $ 3,160 - - $ 3,104 $ 3,160

2018
Warrant derivative liabilities
- - $ 3,694 $ 9,316

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
NOTE 17: SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280-10 Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. This standard requires that companies disclose operating segments based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company in making operating decisions. As of March 31, 2020, and for the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company operated in three segments. The segments are Financial Services (Trend Holdings), Technology (Zest Labs (which includes the operations of 440IoT Inc.)), and Commodities (Banner Midstream). As of March 31, 2019 and for the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company operated in one segment only, so therefore there is no breakout presented for that period. Home office costs are allocated to the three segments based on the relative support provided to those segments.
Year Ended March 31, 2020 Commodities Financial Technology Total
Segmented operating revenues $ 233 $ 175 $ 173 $ 581
Cost of revenues 94 - 165 259
Gross profit 139 175 8 322
Total operating expenses net of depreciation, amortization, and impairment 66 729 9,048 9,843
Depreciation and amortization 4 - 282 286
Other expense (17 ) - (2,315 ) (2,332 )
Loss from continuing operations $ 52 $ (554 ) $ (11,637 ) $ (12,139 )

Segmented assets as of March 31, 2020
Property and equipment, net $ 3,423 $ - $ 542 $ 3,965
Oil and Gas Properties
$
6,135

$
-
$
-
$
6,135
Intangible assets, net $ 9,353 $ 3,222 $ - $ 12,575
Capital expenditures $ - $ - $ - $ -
NOTE 18: LEASES
The Company has adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as of April 1, 2019 and will account for their leases in terms of the right of use assets and offsetting lease liability obligations under this pronouncement. The Company had had only short-term leases up through the acquisition of Banner Midstream. The Company acquired a right of use asset and lease liability of $731 and $732, respectively on March 27, 2020. There were no adjustments to these amounts as of March 31, 2020. The Company recorded these amounts at present value, in accordance with the standard, using discount rates ranging between 2.5% and 6.8%. The right of use asset is composed of the sum of all lease payments, at present value, and is amortized straight line over the life of the expected lease term. For the expected term of the lease the Company used the initial terms ranging between 42 and 60 months. Upon the election by the Company to extend the lease for additional years, that election will be treated as a lease modification and the lease will be reviewed for remeasurement. This lease will be treated as an operating lease under the new standard.
The Company has chosen to implement this standard using the modified retrospective model approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment, which does not require the Company to adjust the comparative periods presented when transitioning to the new guidance on April 1, 2019. The Company has also elected to utilize the transition related practical expedients permitted by the new standard. The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and in comparative periods that approximates the results of a modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the new standard did not result in an adjustment to retained earnings for the Company.
As of March 31, 2020, the value of the unamortized lease right of use asset is $731. As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s lease liability was $732.
Maturity of Lease Liability for fiscal year ended March 31,
2021 $ 222
2022 $ 191
2023 $ 169
2024 $ 132
2025 $ 18

Total lease payments $ 732
F-35
ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Amortization of the right of use asset for fiscal year ended March 31,
2021 $ 218
2022 $ 187
2023 $ 168
2024 $ 140
2025 $ 18

Total lease payments $ 731

NOTE 19: ~~SUBSEQUENT EVENTS~~ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

In conjunction with the approval permitting the Company to resume drilling in the existing fields, the Company has recorded an asset retirement obligation based upon the plan submitted in connection with the permit. The following table summarizes activity in the Company’s ARO for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
2020 2019
Balance, beginning of year $       - $     -
Accretion expense - -
ARO liability acquired in Banner Midstream acquisition 295 -
Reclamation obligations settled - -
Additions and changes in estimates - -
Balance, end of year $ 295 $ -
NOTE 20: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent to March 31, 2020, the Company had the following transactions:
On April 15, 2020, the Company granted 200 warrants with an exercise price of $0.73 per share to extend the maturity date of the Senior Secured Debt acquired in the Banner Midstream acquisition to May 31, 2020.
On April 15, 2020, the Company granted 50 warrants with an exercise price of $0.73 to extend the maturity date of the Senior Secured Debt acquired in the Banner Midstream acquisition to May 31, 2020. The Company does not believe this transaction constitutes an accounting extinguishment of debt due to a material modification of the debt instrument.
On April 15 and 16, 2020, the Company received $438 in proceeds in a loan provided by Trend Discovery SPV I. Since they were the borrower and responsible for repayment of these amounts the Company granted 1,000 warrants at $0.73 for collateral for the loan. In addition, on May 29, 2020, the Company issued 521 shares of common stock in conversion of $380 of loans payable and accrued interest. The conversion was done at $0.73 per share and resulted in a loss on conversion of $1,027.
On April 16, 2020, the Company received $386 in Payroll Protection Program funding related to Ecoark Holdings, and the Company also received on April 13, 2020, $1,482 in Payroll Protection Program funds for Pinnacle Frac LLC, a subsidiary of Banner Midstream.
On May 1, 2020, an institutional investor elected to convert its remaining shares of Series B Preferred shares into 161 common shares.
On April 1 and May 5, 2020, two institutional investors elected to convert their 1 Series C Preferred share into 1,379 common shares.
On May 6, 2020, the Company granted 100 non-qualified stock options to a consultant.
On May 8 and May 14, the Company issued 25 and 35 shares of common stock for the extension of this not and accrued interest valued at $45. The Company recognized a loss of $13 on this issuance and conversion
On May 10, 2020, the Company entered into letter agreements with accredited institutional investors holding 1,379 warrants issued on November 13, 2019 with an exercise price of $0.725 and holding 5,882 warrants with and exercise price of $0.90 (collectively, the “Existing Warrants”). The Existing Warrants have been registered for resale pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-235456). In consideration for the investors exercising in full all of the Existing Warrants on or before May 18, 2020, the Company has ~~drawn~~agreed to issue the investors new warrants pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to purchase up to a number of shares of common stock equal to 100% of the number of shares issued upon the exercise of the $0.90 warrants pursuant to the warrant exercise , which the new warrants substantially in the form of the original $0.90 warrants, except for the exercise price which will be $1.10. Between May 11, 2020 and May 18, 2020, the Company received $6,294 from the cash exercise of these Existing Warrants.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Between May 11 and June 15, 2020, (a) the Company repaid long-term debt of $2,851 in cash; (b) converted $397 in long-term debt, plus $35 in accrued interest into 592 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $408 on this transaction; (c) repaid $140 in cash and converted $17 of amounts due to prior owners into 23 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $16 on this transaction; (d) converted $200 in long-term debt and $15 in accrued interest into 295 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $213 on this transaction; (e) repaid $3 and converted $507 of a vendor payable into 461 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $161 on this transaction; and (f) repaid $75 in cash and converted $825 in amounts due to prior owners into 1,130 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $350 on this transaction.
On May 26, 2020 the Company issued 5 shares of common stock for the conversion of an ~~additional $905~~accrued expense valued at $4. The Company recognized a loss of $4 on this conversion.
Between May 29, 2020 and June 22, 2020, 319 non-qualified stock options were exercised for proceeds of $203.
Between May 29, 2020 and June 3, 2020, 127 2017 Omnibus stock options were exercised for proceeds of $117.
On June 6, 2020 the Board Compensation Committee approved the modification of an executive’s stock option as allowable by the Company’s 2013 Incentive Stock Option Plan and 2017 Omnibus Stock Plan to amend the strike price of the executive’s 3,363 stock option grant from $2.60 per share to $0.73 per share.
On June 11, 2020, the Company acquired certain energy assets from SR Acquisition I, LLC for $1 as part of the ongoing bankruptcy reorganization of Sanchez Energy Corporation. The transaction includes the transfer of 262 total wells in Mississippi and Louisiana, approximately 9,000 acres of active mineral leases, and drilling production materials and equipment. The 262 total wells include 57 active producing wells, 19 active disposal wells, 136 shut-in with future utility wells, and 50 shut-in pending plugging wells. Included in the assignment are 4 wells in the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale formation.
On June 18, 2020, the Company acquired certain energy assets from SN TMS, LLC for $1 as part of the ongoing bankruptcy reorganization of Sanchez Energy Corporation. The transaction includes the transfer of wells, active mineral leases, and drilling production materials and equipment.
Between June 19 and June 22, 2020, there were 395 warrants exercised for $399. Of these 400 warrants, 187 of them were cashless exercises.
The recent outbreak of COVID-19, which has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic, has spread across the globe and is impacting worldwide economic activity. A pandemic, including COVID-19, or other public health epidemic poses the risk that the Company or its employees, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities at full capacity for an indefinite period of time, including due to spread of the disease within these groups or due to shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on the ~~credit facility described~~Company’s business, the continued spread of COVID-19 and the measures taken by the governments of countries affected and in ~~Note 10. Gary Metzger, Lead Director, has advanced~~which the Company operates could disrupt the operation of the Company’s business. The COVID-19 outbreak and mitigation measures may also have an adverse impact on global economic conditions, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and financial condition, including on its potential to conduct financings on terms acceptable to the Company, ~~$328 under a note that bears 10% simple interest per annum and is payable July 30, 2020. The~~if at all. In addition, the Company ~~collected~~may take temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the ~~remaining amounts due from Kal-Polymers Americas for the sale~~risk of the ~~Sable assets.~~virus to its employees, including temporarily requiring all employees to work remotely, and discouraging employee attendance at in-person work-related meetings, which could negatively affect the Company’s business. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts the Company’s results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus and the actions to contain its impact.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED)
The following supplemental unaudited information regarding the Company’s oil and gas activities is presented pursuant to the disclosure requirements of ASC 932. All of the Company’s activities are in the United States.

The Company ~~acquired Trend Discovery Holdings, Inc., a fund management company~~has performed due diligence in addition to the determination of estimated proved reserves which on ~~May~~one of their leases which has 9,615 acres of oil and gas mineral rights at both shallow and deep levels and identified average recoverable cumulative production of 3,540,000 barrels of oil. This due diligence is not included in any of the amounts provided as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

~~On July 12,~~Results of Operations
Results of Operations March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019
Sales $ - $ -
Lease operating costs - -
Depletion, accretion and impairment - -
$ - $ -
Since the acquisition of Banner Midstream occurred on March 27, 2020, there were no sales and related costs during the four-day period March 28, 2020 through March 31, 2020.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
Reserve Quantity Information
The supplemental unaudited presentation of proved reserve quantities and related standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows provides estimates only and does not purport to reflect realizable values or fair market values of the Company’s reserves. The Company emphasizes that reserve estimates are inherently imprecise and that estimates of new discoveries are more imprecise than those of producing oil and gas properties. Accordingly, significant changes to these estimates can be expected as future information becomes available.
Proved reserves are those estimated reserves of crude oil (including condensate and natural gas liquids) and natural gas that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed reserves are those expected to be recovered through existing wells, equipment, and operating methods.
Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves (Mbbl)
Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019
Proved Developed, Producing 17     -
Proved Developed, Non-Producing - -
Total Proved Developed - -
Proved Undeveloped - -
Total Proved 17 -
Petroleum and Natural Gas Reserves
Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and natural gas and related substances, which by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known resources, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire.
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves and the changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves were prepared in accordance with provisions of ASC 932, “Extractive Activities – Oil and Gas.” Future cash inflows as March 31, 2020 and 2019 were computed by applying the ~~Company entered into~~unweighted, arithmetic average of the closing price on the first day of each month for the twelve month period prior to March 31, 2020 and 2019 to estimated future production. Future production and development costs are computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil and natural gas reserves at year-end, based on year-end costs and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions.
Future income tax expenses are calculated by applying appropriate year-end tax rates to future pretax net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves, less the tax basis of properties involved. Future income tax expenses give effect to permanent differences, tax credits and loss carry forwards relating to the proved oil and natural gas reserves. Future net cash flows are discounted at a rate of ten percent annually to derive the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. This calculation procedure does not necessarily result in an ~~Exchange Agreement~~estimate of the fair market value of the Company’s oil and natural gas properties.

ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND SHARES IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
MARCH 31, 2020
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flow March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019

Future gross revenue $ 767 $       -
Less: Future production tax expense (35 ) -
Future gross revenue after production taxes 732 -
Less: Future operating costs (565 ) -
Less: Development costs (295 ) -
Future net income (loss) before taxes (128 ) -
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows 40 -
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows (PV10) $ (88 ) $ -
Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
The changes in the standardized measure of future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Change in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flow March 31,
2020 March 31,
2019

Balance - beginning $ - $ -
Net changes in prices and production costs (412 ) -
Net changes in future development costs (203 ) -
Sales of oil and gas produced, net - -
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery - -
Purchases of reserves 527 -
Sales of reserves - -
Revisions of previous quantity estimates - -
Previously estimated development costs incurred - -
Net change income taxes - -
Accretion of discount - -
Balance - ending $ (88 ) $ -
In accordance with ~~investors (the “Investors”) that are~~SEC requirements, the ~~holders of warrants issued~~pricing used in the Company’s ~~purchase agreements entered into~~standardized measure of future net revenues in based on ~~(i)~~the twelve month unweighted arithmetic average of the first day of the month price for the period April through March ~~14, 2018 (the “March Purchase Agreement”~~for each period presented and ~~such warrants, the “March Warrants”)~~adjusted by lease for transportation fees and ~~(ii) August 9, 2018 (the “August Purchase Agreement” and such warrants, the “August Warrants”, and the March Warrants and the August Warrants, collectively, the “Existing Securities”).~~regional price differentials. The ~~Investors are entitled to, with respect to the March Warrants and the August Warrants, due to the Agreement and Plan~~use of ~~Merger with Trend Discovery~~SEC pricing rules may not be indicative of actual prices realized by the Company entered into on May 31, 2019, an exchange for the March Warrants and August Warrants. As a result of a cashless exercise, the Company issued 4,277 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Investors. Upon the issuance of the 4,277 shares, warrants for 5,677 shares issued in the ~~March Purchase Agreement and August Purchase Agreement were extinguished.~~future.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

~~The Company changed its independent registered public accounting firm from KBL LLP to RBSM LLP effective with the third quarter interim review in fiscal 2019.~~None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

~~Evaluation of~~ Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our ~~principal executive~~Chief Executive Officer and ~~financial officers,~~Principal Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management (including the principal executive and financial officers) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective given the identification of ~~three~~one material ~~weaknesses~~weakness in controls.
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Company reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We have advised our audit committee of three material weaknesses in internal control. The first weakness relates to inadequate segregation of duties consistent with control objectives. In an effort to reduce expenses, the Company reduced its accounting and administrative staff at the parent company level to the extent that achieving desired control objectives were deemed at risk.
The second weakness relates to disclosure controls and violations of the Company’s delegation of authority and related policies that were established and approved by the board of directors. The Company continues to work with the board and board committees to communicate and reemphasize Company policies including the delegation of authority to reduce the risk of errors or omissions that could result in inaccurate or incomplete disclosures.
The third weakness relates to the failure to recognize derivative liabilities associated with warrants issued in conjunction with capital raises. The transactions were complex financings heavily dependent upon the use of estimates and assumptions and subjective interpretations of generally accepted accounting principles that are now the subject of a proposed Accounting Standards Update for which the FASB is requesting comments.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control ~~Over~~over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for our Company. ~~Internal~~The term “Internal control over financial ~~reporting~~reporting” is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of our Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, within the meaning of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard AS 2201, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Our management, with the participation of our ~~principal executive~~Chief Executive Officer and ~~financial officers~~Principal Financial Officer assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway ~~Commission.~~Commission (“COSO”). Based on its assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of March 31, ~~2019 based on those criteria.~~2020 due to the following material weakness:

● Relates to inadequate segregation of duties consistent with control objectives. In an effort to reduce expenses, the Company reduced its accounting and administrative staff at the parent company level to the extent that achieving desired control objectives were deemed at risk.
Management plans to address the control deficiencies that led to the foregoing material weakness during fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. This review may involve external experts. Management expects this material weakness to be remediated by the end of fiscal 2021.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except that we experienced the conversion of our principal accounting officer from employee to consultant and lost other members of our accounting staff. The Company has taken steps to mitigate the impact of these changes.

Item 9B. Other Information
46

~~Nothing to report.~~

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Director of the Director of the
Name Age Positions Held with the Company Company Since Age Positions Held with the Company Company Since
Randy S. May 55 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer 2016* 56 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer 2016*
John P. Cahill 64 Director 2016   64 Director 2016
Peter Mehring 57 President, CEO and President of Zest Labs, Inc. and Director 2017   58 President, CEO and President of Zest Labs, Inc. and Director 2017
Gary Metzger 67 Lead Director 2016* 68 Lead Director 2016*
Steven K. Nelson 61 Director 2017   62 Director 2017
Michael Green 64 Director 2017

* Messrs. May and Metzger served on the board of directors of Ecoark, Inc. from 2011 and 2013, respectively, until it effected a reverse acquisition of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. (“Ecoark” or “the Company”, formerly known as Magnolia Solar Corporation) on March 24, 2016. Messrs. May and Metzger joined the Board effective on April 11, 2016.
* Messrs. May and Metzger served on the board of directors of Ecoark, Inc. from 2011 and 2013, respectively, until it effected a reverse acquisition of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. (“Ecoark” or “the Company”, formerly known as Magnolia Solar Corporation) on March 24, 2016. Messrs. May and Metzger joined the Board effective on April 11, 2016.

All directors shall serve until the ~~2019~~next annual meeting of stockholders and until successors are duly elected or until the earliest of their removal or resignation. ~~There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers.~~

Randy S. May. Mr. May has ~~served~~been serving as Chairman of the Board of Ecoark Holdings, Inc. since March 2016 and served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company from March 2016 through March 28, 2017 and then from September 21, 2017 to the present. He previously served as chairman of the board of directors and as chief executive officer of Ecoark, Inc. from its incorporation until its reverse ~~acquisition~~merger with Magnolia Solar in March 2016. Mr. May is a 25-year retail and supply-chain veteran with extensive experience in marketing, operational and executive roles. Prior to Ecoark, Mr. May held a number of roles with Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Walmart”), the world’s largest retailer based in Bentonville, Arkansas. From 1998 to 2004, Mr. May served as Divisional Manager for half the United States for one of Walmart’s specialty divisions, where he was responsible for all aspects of strategic planning, finance, and operations for more than 1,800 stores. He had profit and loss responsibility for more than $4 billion of sales at the time. Under Mr. May’s leadership, the business grew sales and market share in a strong competitive market. Mr. May’s qualifications and background that qualify him to serve on the Board include his strong managerial and leadership experience, his extensive knowledge of strategic planning, finance and operations, as well his ability to guide the Company.

John P. Cahill. Mr. Cahill has ~~served~~been serving on the Board of Directors since May 2016. Mr. Cahill is currently Chief of Staff and Special Counsel to the Archbishop of New York. He has held this position since April of 2019. Previously he was Senior Counsel at the law firm of Norton Rose Fulbright (formerly Chadbourne & Parke LLP) and has served in that capacity since 2007. He is also a principal at the Pataki-Cahill Group LLC, a strategic consulting firm focusing on the economic and policy implications of domestic energy needs, which he co-founded in March 2007. He served in various capacities in the administration of the Governor of New York, George E. Pataki from 1997 to 2006, including Secretary and Chief of Staff to the Governor from 2002 to 2006. He also serves on the board of directors of Sterling Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Mr. Cahill’s extensive experience as an attorney in government and in business, as well as his extensive knowledge of and high-level experience in energy and economic policy, qualifies him as a member of the Board.

Peter Mehring. Mr. Mehring has ~~served~~been serving as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Ecoark’s subsidiary, Zest Labs, Inc. since 2009 and became a member of the Board of Directors in January 2017. He was elected President of Ecoark on September 25, 2017. Mr. Mehring brings extensive experience in engineering, operations and general management at emerging companies and large enterprises. As Chief Executive Officer of Zest Labs, Inc., he has led the Company’s efforts in pioneering on-demand data visibility and condition monitoring solutions for the fresh produce market. Prior to joining Zest Labs, Inc., from 2004 to 2006, Mr. Mehring was the Vice President of Macintosh hardware group at Apple Computer, Senior Vice President of Engineering at Echelon, and founder, General Manager and Vice President of R&D at UMAX. Mr. Mehring held Engineering Management positions at Radius, Power Computing Corporation, Sun Microsystems and Wang Laboratories. Mr. Mehring’s knowledge and experience in engineering, operations, management, product and service development and technological innovation are among the many qualifications that have led to the conclusion that Mr. Mehring is qualified to serve on the Board.

Gary Metzger. Mr. Metzger has ~~served~~been serving on the Board of Directors since March 2016 and served on the Board of Directors of Ecoark, Inc. from 2013 until its reverse ~~acquisition~~merger with Magnolia Solar in March 2016. Mr. Metzger offers 40 years of product development, strategic planning, management, business development and operational expertise to the Board. He served as an executive at Amco International, Inc. and Amco Plastics Materials, Inc., where in 1986 he was named President and served in such role for 24 years until Amco was sold to global resin distribution company, Ravago Americas, in December 2011, where he remains a product developer and product manager. Mr. Metzger was co-owner of Amco Plastics Materials, Inc. and Amco International. Mr. Metzger’s leadership and knowledge of manufacturing companies, product development, strategic planning, management and business development are an asset to the Board of Directors. In addition to his leadership functions, Mr. Metzger spearheaded research and development for recycled polymers, new alloy and bio-based polymer development, and introduced fragrance into polymer applications. He also developed encrypted item level bar code identification technology, anti-counterfeiting technologies, and antimicrobial technologies. Taken together, these are among the many qualifications and the significant experience that have led to the conclusion that Mr. Metzger is qualified to serve on the Board.

Steven K. Nelson. Mr. Nelson has ~~served~~been serving on the Board of Directors since April 2017. Since 2015, Mr. Nelson has been a lecturer for the Department of Accounting at the University of Central Arkansas. In 2015, Mr. Nelson retired as Vice-President, Controller of Dillard’s, Inc., where he was responsible for administering all aspects of financial accounting and reporting. Mr. Nelson began his career in 1980 as a staff accountant for Ernst & Young and attained the title of audit manager by the time he left the firm in 1984. Mr. Nelson maintains an active license as a Certified Public Accountant (“CPA”) in the State of Arkansas. Mr. Nelson’s 35-year career as a CPA and his extensive experience as controller of a publicly traded company qualify him to serve on the Board and its Audit Committee. His broad experience as the former controller of a public company uniquely qualifies Mr. Nelson to advise Ecoark not only on general accounting and financial matters but also on various technical accounting, corporate governance and risk management matters that the Board may address from time to time. He possesses key insight on financial reporting processes and external reporting issues. The Board has determined that Mr. Nelson qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined by the rules of the SEC.
~~Michael Green.~~ Mr. Green retired in June 2015 as the vice president for IBM’s Strategic Services North America and continued to serve as a consultant to IBM through April 2017. Mr. Green served in several leadership roles over his 35-year career at IBM, including serving as the general manager of IBM North America’s strategic outsourcing services; vice president of healthcare and insurance for IBM global services; and vice president of strategic services for Latin America, among other roles. Mr. Green’s extensive leadership experience at IBM, including his work with IBM’s blockchain technology, are among the many attributes that uniquely qualify Mr. Green to serve as a member of the Board.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND MANAGEMENT

Set forth below is biographical information with respect to each current executive officer of the Company. Mr. May and Mr. Mehring also serve as directors of the Company. Officers are elected by the board of directors to hold office until their successors are elected and qualified.

Name Age Positions Held with the Company
Randy S. May 5556 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Peter Mehring 5758 President, CEO and President of Zest Labs, Inc. and Director
William B. Hoagland 3738 Secretary, Principal Financial Officer
Jay Puchir 44 Principal ~~Financial~~Accounting Officer, CEO and President of Banner Midstream Corp.

Jay Oliphant resigned as Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer on May 15, 2019. Pursuant to a Separation Agreement with the Company (the “Separation Agreement”), Mr. Oliphant received his normal monthly salary through May 15, 2019. In connection with his resignation, Mr. Oliphant entered into a consulting agreement with the Company for a term of six months beginning May 16, 2019. Under the consulting agreement, Mr. Oliphant has agreed to assist the Company with financial reporting and related matters. William B. Hoagland was appointed as the Principal Financial Officer to succeed Mr. Oliphant. Mr. Hoagland has served as the Managing Member of Trend ~~Discovery~~ Capital Management, an investment fund, since 2011.

~~There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers.~~

Executive Officers

Randy May. See “—Board of Directors” above for Mr. May’s biographical information.

Peter Mehring. See “—Board of Directors” above for Mr. Mehring’s biographical information.

William B. Hoagland. Mr. Hoagland is Principal Financial Officer of the Company. Immediately prior to joining Ecoark, Inc. in 2019, Mr. Hoagland spent the previous eight years as Managing Member of Trend Discovery Capital Management (“Trend Discovery”), a hybrid hedge fund since inception with a track record of outperforming the S&P 500. Prior to founding Trend Discovery in 2011, Mr. Hoagland spent six years as a Senior Associate at Prudential Global Investment Management (PGIM), working in both PGIM’s Newark, NJ and London, England offices. He has a Bachelor in Economics degree from Bucknell University. Mr. Hoagland holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a Level III candidate in the Chartered Market Technician Program.

Jay Puchir. Mr. Puchir is Principal Accounting Officer of the Company and the CEO and President of Banner Midstream Corp. Mr. Puchir is currently serving a dual role as the Chairman and CEO of Banner Energy Services Corp (OTC: BANM). Mr. Puchir has also served as the CEO and President of Banner Midstream Corp from its formation in April 2018 to present. Mr. Puchir served in various roles as an Executive at the Company from December 2016 to April 2018 including Director of Finance, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Puchir started his career as an auditor at PricewaterhouseCoopers and a consultant at Ernst & Young, ultimately achieving the position of Senior Manager at Ernst & Young. Mr. Puchir held the role of Associate Chief Financial Officer with HCA, and from March 2010 to February 2016 he served as both the Accounting Manager and Director of Finance/Controller at The Citadel. Mr. Puchir is a licensed Certified Public Accountant. He received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a Master of Business Administration from Rutgers University.

Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers, except that Mr. Metzger is Mr. Hoagland’s stepfather-in-law.
Involvement in Legal Proceedings
None of our directors, persons nominated to become a director, executive officers or control persons have been involved in any of the following events during the past 10 years:
● Any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; or
● Any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offences); or
● Being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; or
● Being found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil violation), the SEC or the Commodity Future Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodity law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated; or
● Being the subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of: any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation; or any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order; or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity. This violation does not apply to any settlement of a civil proceeding among private litigants; or
● Being the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of greater than 10% of our common stock to file reports of holdings and transactions in Ecoark common stock with the SEC.

Based solely on its review of the copies of such forms furnished to Ecoark and written representations from certain reporting persons, Ecoark believes that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were met during our fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

~~CORPORATE GOVERNANCE~~
Code of Ethics

We have a Code of Ethics as defined in Item 406 of Regulation S-K, which code applies to all of our directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. All directors, officers, and other employees are expected to be familiar with the Code of Ethics and to adhere to the principles and procedures set forth therein. The Code of Ethics forms the foundation of a comprehensive program that requires compliance with all corporate policies and procedures and seeks to foster an open relationship among colleagues that contributes to good business conduct and an abiding belief in the integrity of our employees. Our policies and procedures cover all areas of professional conduct, including employment policies, conflicts of interest, intellectual property, and the protection of confidential information, as well as strict adherence to all laws and regulations applicable to the conduct of our business.

Directors, officers, and other employees are required to report any conduct that they believe in good faith to be an actual or apparent violation of the Code of Ethics. The full text of the Code of Ethics is available on our website athttps://www.zestlabs.com/downloads/Code-of-Ethics-2016.pdf. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K regarding any amendment to, or a waiver from, any provision of our Code of Ethics by posting such amendment or waiver on our website.

Audit Committee

The current members of our Audit Committee are Messrs. Nelson, as chair, Cahill, ~~Metzger~~ and ~~Green,~~Metzger, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Mr. Nelson is our audit committee chairman and financial expert, as that term is defined under the SEC rules implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and possesses financial sophistication, as defined under the rules of The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee are set forth in the charter of the Audit Committee adopted by the Board. The Audit Committee generally assists the Board in its oversight of the relationship with our independent registered public accounting firm, financial statement and disclosure matters, the internal audit function, and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. In accordance with its charter, the Audit Committee meets as often as it determines necessary, and at least four times each year.

Management has the primary responsibility for our financial statements and the reporting process, and our independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the financial statements and expressing an opinion as to their conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Audit Committee also monitors our financial reporting process and internal control system, retains and pre-approves audit and any non-audit services to be performed by our independent registered accounting firm, directly consults with our independent registered public accounting firm, reviews and appraises the efforts of our independent registered public accounting firm, and provides an open avenue of communication among our independent registered public accounting firm, financial and senior management and the Board. The Audit Committee has the authority to retain independent legal, accounting, and other advisors.

The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee qualifies as an independent director under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, related SEC rules and NASDAQ listing standards related to audit committees, and that each satisfies all other applicable standards for service on the Audit Committee. The Board has determined that Mr. Nelson meets the requirements adopted by the SEC for qualification as an audit committee financial expert. The identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than those that are imposed on such person as a member of the Audit Committee and the Board in the absence of such identification. Moreover, the identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert for purposes of the regulations of the SEC does not affect the duties, obligations or liability of any other member of the Audit Committee or the Board. Finally, a person who is determined to be an audit committee financial expert will not be deemed an “expert” for purposes of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933.

The Audit Committee held ~~nine~~seven meetings in fiscal ~~2019.~~2020. The Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act and operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable standards of the SEC A copy of the audit committee charter is available on our website athttps://www.zestlabs.com/downloads/Audit-Commitee.pdf.
50

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table provides information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers during the fiscal years ended March 31, ~~2019, 2018~~2020 and ~~2017.~~2019.

Name and Principal Position Year Salary⁽¹⁾ Stock
Awards⁽²⁾ Option
Awards⁽²⁾ Total
Randy S. May⁽³⁾ 2019 $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000
Chairman of the Board 2018 $ 100,000 $ - $ - $ 100,000
and Chief Executive Officer

Peter Mehring 2019 $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000
President, Chief Executive Officer 2018 $ 276,677 $ 759,500 $ 2,414,948 $ 3,451,115
and President of Zest Labs, Inc.

Jay Oliphant 2019 $ 170,000 $ - $ - $ 170,000
Former Principal Financial Officer 2018 $ 170,000 $ 152,459 $ 238,155 $ 560,614
Name and Principal Position Fiscal Year Salary⁽¹⁾ Stock
Awards⁽²⁾ Option
Awards⁽²⁾ Total
Randy S. May⁽³⁾ 2020 $ 200,000 $               - $        - $ 200,000
Chairman of the Board 2019 $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000
and Chief Executive Officer

Peter Mehring 2020 $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000
President, Chief Executive Officer 2019 $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000
and President of Zest Labs, Inc.

William B. Hoagland ⁽⁴⁾ 2020 $ 115,156 $ - $ - $ 115,156
Secretary, Principal Financial Officer 2019 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Jay Puchir ⁽⁵⁾ 2020 $ - $ - $ - $ -
Principal Accounting Officer and CEO and
President of Banner Midstream 2019 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Jay Oliphant ⁽⁶⁾ 2020 $ 36,098 $ - $ - $ 36,098
Former Principal Financial Officer 2019 $ 170,000 $ - $ - $ 170,000

(1) We periodically review, and may increase, base salaries in accordance with the Company’s normal annual compensation review for each of our named executive officers.
(2) Stock and option awards are based on the grant date fair values and are calculated utilizing the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 718 “Compensation — Stock Compensation.” See Notes 1 and 1311 to the consolidated financial statements of the Company contained in Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 for further information regarding assumptions underlying valuation of equity awards.
(3) Mr. May served as Chief Executive Officer of Ecoark from March 2016 through March 28, 2017 and then from September 21, 2017 to the present.
(4) Mr. Hoagland replaced Mr. Oliphant on June 1, 2019.

(5) Mr. Puchir was named Principal Accounting Officer on March 27, 2020.
(6) Jay Oliphant resigned as Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer on May 15, 2019. Pursuant to a Separation Agreement with the Company (the “Separation Agreement”), Mr. Oliphant received his normal monthly salary through May 15, 2019. In connection with his resignation, Mr. Oliphant entered into a consulting agreement with the Company for a term of six months beginning May 16, 2019. Under the consulting agreement, Mr. Oliphant has agreed to assist the Company with financial reporting and related matters. William B. Hoagland was appointed as the Principal Financial Officer to succeed Mr. Oliphant. Mr. Hoagland has served as the Managing Member of Trend Discovery Capital Management, an investment fund, since 2011.
Employment, Severance, Separation and Change in Control Agreements

Executive Employment Arrangements
Peter Mehring

The terms of Mr. Mehring’s employment with Ecoark are set forth in an offer letter accepted on August 15, 2013. Pursuant to the offer letter, Mr. Mehring received an annual base salary of $300,000 (subsequently adjusted and accepted) and is eligible to participate in regular health insurance, bonus, and other employee benefit plans established by Ecoark. The offer letter also includes standard confidentiality and non-complete obligations. The parties are permitted to terminate employment for any reason, at any time, with or without notice and without cause. The offer letter also contains severance benefit provisions in the event that Mr. Mehring’s employment is terminated without “Cause” (as defined in the offer letter) or Mr. Mehring terminates his employment for “Good Reason” within 12 months following a “Change in Control” (as defined in the offer letter). If Mr. Mehring is terminated without “Cause,” then he is entitled to receive an amount equal to six months base salary. If he terminates his employment for “Good Reason” within 12 months following a “Change in Control,” then Mr. Mehring is entitled to receive an amount equal to six months base salary and accelerated vesting of a portion of the non-vested options or shares. In order to receive severance benefits under the offer letter, Mr. Mehring is required to sign a release and waiver of all claims. Finally, Ecoark reserves the right to change or otherwise modify, in its sole discretion, the terms of the offer letter.

Potential Payments Upon Change of Control

We have no liabilities under termination or change in control conditions. We do not have a formal policy to determine executive severance benefits. Each executive severance arrangement is negotiated on an individual basis.

51
Option Grants and Outstanding Equity Awards at March 31, ~~2019~~2020

Effective October 13, 2017, the Compensation Committee issued new options awards (the “Replacement Options”) in replacement of existing restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards (the “Existing Awards”) previously granted to Peter ~~Mehring and Jay Oliphant.~~Mehring. In addition, the Committee approved new option awards to ~~Messrs.~~Mr. Mehring ~~and Oliphant~~ that vest over a four-year period (the “New Options”) to induce them to accept the Replacement Options; to compensate them for diminution in value of their Existing Awards as compared to the Replacement Options; and in consideration of a number of other factors, including each individual’s role and responsibility with the Company, their years of service to the Company, and market precedents and standards for modification of equity awards.

The Replacement Options and New Options are designed to better align ~~Messrs. Mehring and Oliphant’s~~Mr. Mehring’s potentially realizable equity compensation with Company performance. Because the incentive value of stock options is tied to future appreciation in stock price, the Committee believes stock option grants will better align our executive officers and employees’ interests with those of the Company and its stockholders and, as a result, the Compensation Committee intends to continue to utilize options to a greater extent in our equity compensation program on a going forward basis.

With respect to the Replacement Options, ~~Messrs.~~Mr. Mehring ~~and Oliphant have~~has agreed to forfeit Existing Awards covering ~~1,345,000 and 132,640~~1,345 shares of the Company’s common stock, ~~respectively,~~ and ~~each~~ was granted Replacement Options to purchase an equal number of shares of Company common stock. The exercise price for the Replacement Options was set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grants (October 13, 2017). In consideration of ~~Messrs. Mehring and Oliphant’s agreements~~Mr. Mehring’s agreement to forfeit their Existing Awards, the Committee, after careful deliberation, determined that ~~(i)~~ 100% of Mr. Mehring’s Replacement Options would vest immediately upon ~~grant, and (ii) 50% of Mr. Oliphant’s Replacement Options would vest immediately upon~~ grant. The remaining portion of Mr. Oliphant’s Replacement Options will vest in 12 equal installments, with the first installment vesting on January 15, 2018, and additional installments vesting on the last day of each of the eleven successive three-month periods, subject to Mr. Oliphant’s continued employment by the Company. The Replacement Options were issued under the Company’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan or 2013 Incentive Stock Plan to correspond with the plan under which the Existing Awards were issued.

With respect to the New Options, ~~Messrs.~~Mr. Mehring ~~and Oliphant were~~was granted options to purchase ~~2,017,500 and 66,320~~2,018 shares of Company common stock, ~~respectively,~~ that vest at a rate of 25% per year on October 13^th of each year from 2018 to 2021, subject to ~~Messrs. Mehring and Oliphant’s~~Mr. Mehring’s continued employment by the Company. As with the Replacement Options, the New Options have an exercise price set at 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the effective date of the grant. The New Options were not granted under any of the Company’s existing equity compensation plans. On June 6, 2020, the Compensation Committee approved the modification of these stock options as allowable by the Company’s 2013 Incentive Stock Option Plan and 2017 Omnibus Stock Plan to amend the strike price of the executive’s stock option grant from $2.60 per share to $0.73 per share.
On October 3, 2019, the Company granted 1,000 options to Mr. Mehring that vest over four years at an exercise price of $0.50.

The following table presents information concerning equity awards held by our named executive officers as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020 (not in thousands).

Number of
Securities

Number of
Securities
Option Awards
Name Vesting
Commencement
Date Underlying
Options (#)
Exercisable Underlying
Options (#)
Unexercisable Option
Exercise
Price ($) Option
Expiration
Date
Peter Mehring 10/13/2017 1,345,000 ⁽¹⁾ — 2.60 10/23/2027
10/13/2018 — 2,017,500 ⁽²⁾ 2.60 10/23/2027
Jay Oliphant 10/13/2017 71,796 ⁽³⁾ 60,844 ⁽³⁾ 2.60 10/23/2027
10/13/2018 — 66,320 ⁽⁴⁾ 2.60 10/23/2027
~~(1)~~ ~~This option was fully vested on October 13, 2017.~~
~~(2)~~ ~~This option vests at a rate of 25% per year on October 13th of each year from 2018 to 2021.~~
~~(3)~~ 50% of this option vested immediately upon grant. The remaining portion vests in 12 equal installments, with the first installment vesting on January 15, 2018, and additional installments vesting on the last day of each of the eleven successive three-month periods.
~~(4)~~ ~~This option vests at a rate of 25% per year on October 13th of each year from 2018 to 2021.~~
~~(5)~~ ~~The options in (3) and (4) above were replaced by options exercisable for 198,960 shares immediately vested and exercisable through December 31, 2020.~~

Number of
Securities

Number of
Securities
Option Awards
Name Vesting
Commencement
Date Underlying
Options (#)
Exercisable Underlying
Options (#)
Unexercisable Option
Exercise
Price ($) Option
Expiration
Date
Peter Mehring 10/13/2017 2,353,750 1,258,750 0.73 10/23/2027
10/3/2019 250,000 750,000 0.73 10/23/2027

~~2018~~2020 Director Compensation Table

Directors may receive compensation for their services and reimbursement for their expenses as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board. Beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2018, directors will receive each quarter a stock option with a Black-Scholes value of $25,000. Additional options are granted for placement and attendance at committee meetings. Options will be granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of Ecoark’s common stock.

52
The following table sets forth the compensation ~~paid~~earned to our non-employee directors for service during the year ended March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:
Name
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash
($)

Stock Awards
($)

Total
($)

John P. Cahill 16,000 100,000 100,000
Gary Metzger 19,000 100,000 100,000
Steven K. Nelson 17,000 100,000 100,000
Michael Green 14,000 100,000 100,000
Name
Fees Earned
($)

Stock Awards
($)

Total
($)

John P. Cahill 9,000 130,000 139,000
Gary Metzger 9,000 160,000 169,000
Steven K. Nelson 9,000 160,000 169,000
Michael Green 4,500 121,000 125,500

See additional information on compensation above in Summary Compensation Table for directors Randy May and Peter Mehring.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

Our Compensation Committee consists of ~~four~~three directors, each of whom is a non-employee director: Messrs. ~~Green,~~Cahill (formerly Green), as chair, ~~Cahill,~~ Metzger and Nelson. None of the aforementioned individuals was an officer or employee of ours, was formerly an officer of ours or had any relationship requiring disclosure by us under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. No interlocking relationship as described in Item 407(e)(4) of Regulation S-K exists between any of our executive officers or Compensation Committee members, on the one hand, and the executive officers or compensation committee members of any other entity, on the other hand, nor has any such interlocking relationship existed in the past.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

2013 Incentive Stock Plan

The 2013 Incentive Stock Plan of Ecoark Holdings (previously Magnolia Solar Corporation) (the “2013 Incentive Stock Plan”) was registered on February 7, 2013. Under the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock in the form of Stock Options, Stock Awards and Stock Purchase Offers of up to 5,500,000 shares of common stock to Company employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors. The type of grant, vesting provisions, exercise price and expiration dates are to be established by the Board at the date of grant.

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan

The 2017 Ecoark Holdings Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan”) was registered on June 14, 2017. Under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company may grant nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, and other awards. Awards of up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock to Company employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors are available under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The type of grant, vesting provisions, exercise price and expiration dates are to be established by the Board at the date of grant.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table contains information about the 2013 Incentive Stock Plan and the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:


Plan category

Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options, warrants
and rights

Weighted-
average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights

Number of securities
available for future issuance under equity compensation
plans (excluding securities
reflected in column (a))

(a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders:
2013 Incentive Stock Plan 2,353,000 $ 2.52 454,000
2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan 1,870,000 $ 1.54 1,615,000
Equity compensation not approved by stockholders 2,916,000 ⁽¹⁾ $ 2.60 -
Total 7,139,000 $ 2.30 2,069,000


Plan category

Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options, warrants
and rights

Weighted-
average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights

Number of securities
available for future issuance under equity compensation
plans (excluding securities
reflected in column (a))

(a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders:
2013 Incentive Stock Plan 1,732,500 $ 2.52 454,000
2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan 2,671,084 $ 1.54 1,226,000
Equity compensation not approved by stockholders 8,222,270 ⁽¹⁾ $ 1.22 -
Total 12,625,854 $ 2.30 1,680,000

(1) Represents non-qualified stock options not granted under any existing equity compensation plans.

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK BY CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table provides information as of ~~August 5, 2019,~~June 25 2020, concerning beneficial ownership of our capital stock held by (1) each of our directors, (2) each of our named executive officers, (3) all of our current directors and executive officers as a group, and (4) each group, person or entity known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of any class of our voting securities. Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Percentages are calculated based on ~~62,348,301~~98,606,884 shares of our common stock outstanding as of ~~August 8, 2019.~~June 25, 2020.

The amounts and percentages of common stock beneficially owned are reported on the basis of regulations of the SEC governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under the rules of the SEC, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of the security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of the security. A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days of ~~August 5, 2019.~~June 25, 2020. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities as to which that person has no economic interest.

Except as otherwise noted, the persons and entities listed in the table below have sole voting and investing power with respect to all of the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable. Except as otherwise set forth below, the address of the beneficial owner is c/o Ecoark Holdings, Inc., 5899 Preston Road #505, Frisco, Texas, 75034.

~~Security Ownership of 5% or Greater Beneficial Owners~~
Randy S. May 3,050,000 3.1 %
John P. Cahill (1) 1,284,021 1.3 %
Peter Mehring (2) 2,441,254 2.5 %
Gary Metzger (3) 4,293,796 4.3 %
Steven K. Nelson (3) 490,825 0.5 %
William B. Hoagland 2,750,000 2.8 %
Jay Puchir (4) 4,214,057 4.3 %
Directors & Executive Officers as a Group (7 persons) 18,523,953 18.8 %

5% or Greater Stockholders:
Nepsis Capital Management, Inc. (5) 12,596,486 12.8 %

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership
Percent
Nepsis Capital Management, Inc. (4) 13,976,688 22.4 %
Sabby Management, LLC (5) 4,558,340 7.3 %
Strategic Planning Group, Inc. (6) 4,523,919 7.3 %
~~Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers~~
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

Amount and
Nature of
Beneficial Ownership
Percent
Randy S. May 3,050,000 4.9 %
John P. Cahill (1) 179,566 0.3 %
Peter Mehring (2) 1,441,254 2.3 %
Gary Metzger (3) 3,966,002 6.4 %
Steven K. Nelson (3) 163,031 0.3 %
Michael Green (3) 149,932 0.2 %
William B. Hoagland 2,750,000 4.4 %
Directors & Executive Officers as a Group (7 persons) 11,699,785 18.8 %

Notes:

(1) Includes 4,591 shares held by the Pataki-Cahill Group, LLC, 868,612 shares of common stock from Banner Energy Services Corp, and options to purchase ~~127,281~~409,818 shares.
(2) Includes vested options to purchase ~~1,345,000~~2,603,750 shares.
(3) Includes options to purchase ~~127,281~~455,075 shares.
(4) Includes options to purchase 450,000 shares, as well as the control of 1,000,000 shares held by Banner Energy Services Corp, and 2,739,726 shares of common stock.
(5) The address to this shareholder is 8692 Eagle Creek Circle, Minneapolis, MN 55378. Based solely upon the information contained in a Schedule 13D filed on January 24, 2019. According to that Schedule 13D, Nepsis Capital Management, Inc. disclaims all dispositive power and voting power over all reported shares.
~~(5)~~ The address to this shareholder is 10 Mountainview Road Suite 205, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Based solely upon the information contained in a Schedule 13G filed on July 22, 2019. According to that Schedule 13G, Sabby Management, LLC has shared dispositive and voting power over all reported shares.
~~(6)~~ The address to this shareholder is 57 River Street Suite 306, Wellesley, MA 02481. Based solely upon the information contained in a Schedule 13G filed on January 24, 2019. According to that Schedule 13G, Strategic Planning Group, Inc. has sole dispositive power, but no voting power, over all reported shares.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Existing Equity Compensation Plans

On October 11, 2018, the Company filed a Form S-8 amending the Company’s 2017 Equity incentive plan, described in detail in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Meeting filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 13, 2017. The amendment authorized an additional 5,000,000 shares to be added to the 2017 Equity incentive plan pool.

The Company does not have any individual compensation arrangements with respect to its common or preferred stock. The issuance of any of our common or preferred stock is within the discretion of our Board of Directors, which has the power to issue any or all of our authorized but unissued shares without stockholder approval.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

The Board of Directors has adopted a written policy regarding the review and approval of any related party transaction required to be disclosed under SEC rules. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for the review and approval of transactions covered by the policy. As provided in the policy, in reviewing the proposed transaction, the Audit Committee will consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including without limitation the commercial reasonableness of the terms, the benefit and perceived benefit, or lack thereof, to the Company, opportunity costs of alternate transactions, the materiality and character of the related party’s direct or indirect interest, and the actual or apparent conflict of interest of the related party.

The Audit Committee will not approve or ratify a related party transaction unless it will have determined that, upon consideration of all relevant information, the proposed transaction is in, or not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. Except as noted below, there were no commercial transactions between related parties and the Company that required disclosure in this Proxy Statement.

There were no transactions occurring since April 1, 2018, or that are currently proposed, (i) in which the Company was or is to be a participant, (ii) where the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and (iii) in which the Company’s executive officers, directors, principal stockholders and other related parties had a direct or indirect material interest, except the following:
Gary Metzger advanced $328 to the Company through March 31, 2020, under the terms of a note payable that bears 10% simple interest per annum, and the principal balance along with accrued interest is payable July 30, 2020 or upon demand. Interest expense on the note for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $27. In addition, the Company assumed $250 in notes entered into in March 2020 via the acquisition of Banner Midstream from the same board member at 15% interest.
The Company issued 8,945 shares of common stock (which Banner Parent issued to certain of its noteholders) and assumed $11,774 in debt and lease liabilities of Banner Midstream. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and another director, John Cahill, recused themselves from all board discussions on the acquisition of Banner Midstream as they are stockholders and/or noteholders of Banner Midstream. The transaction was approved by all of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Chairman and CEO of Banner Parent is a former officer of the Company and is currently the Principal Accounting Officer of the Company and Chief Executive Officer and President of Banner Midstream. Included in the shares issued in this transaction, John Cahill received 821,918 shares of common stock and Jay Puchir received 2,739,726 shares of common stock.

Other Transactions

We have entered into employment agreements with our executive officers that, among other things, provide for certain severance and change of control benefits. For a description of these agreements, see “Executive Compensation—Executive Employment Arrangements.”

We have granted stock options to our executive officers. Pursuant to our outside director compensation policy, we have paid cash compensation and granted restricted stock units to our non-employee directors. For a description of these arrangements, see “Executive Compensation.”

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers.

DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

While our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange that requires our independent board members, a majority of our directors and each member of our audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees are independent. A director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

After reviewing all relevant relationships, the Board of Directors concluded that Cahill, ~~Green,~~ Metzger, and Nelson are independent under the SEC rules adopted pursuant to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and in accordance with NYSE Corporate Governance Rules. No director or executive officer of the Company is related to any other director or executive officer of the Company by blood, marriage or adoption. In making its independence determination, the Board considered all relevant transactions, relationships, or arrangements, including those disclosed under the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.”

Board Leadership Structure. The Board of Directors has no fixed policy with respect to the separation of the offices of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. The Board retains the discretion to determine, at any time, whether to combine or separate the positions as it deems to be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The roles of the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are currently performed by one individual.

Our bylaws provide that the Chairman of the Board may be elected by a majority vote of the Board of Directors and shall serve until the meeting of the Board following the next annual meeting of stockholders at which such Chairman is re-elected. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings. Otherwise, the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) provide that a lead director selected by the non-management directors (the “Lead Director”) shall preside at meetings of the Board at which the Chairman of the Board is not present. The Guidelines require that the Lead Director shall preside at executive sessions of the non-management directors. The non-management directors will meet in executive session, no less frequently than quarterly, as determined by the Lead Director, or when a director makes a request of the Lead Director. Gary Metzger currently serves as the Lead Director.

The Board believes that maintaining a healthy mix of qualified independent and management directors on the Board is an integral part of effective corporate governance and management of the Company. The Board also believes that the current leadership structure strikes an appropriate balance between independent directors and directors, which allows the Board to effectively represent the best interests of the Company’s entire stockholder base.

Role of the Board in Risk Oversight. The Board of Directors believes that risk management is an important part of establishing, updating and executing on our business strategy. The Board has oversight responsibility relating to risks that could affect the corporate strategy, business objectives, compliance, operations, and the financial condition and performance of the Company, and focuses its oversight on the most significant risks facing us and, on our processes, to identify, prioritize, assess, manage and mitigate those risks. The Board receives regular reports from members of the Company’s senior management on areas of material risk to us, including strategic, operational, financial, legal and regulatory risks. While the Board has an oversight role, management is principally tasked with direct responsibility for management and assessment of risks and the implementation of processes and controls to mitigate their effects on us.

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (“Nominating Committee”). The duties and responsibilities of the Nominating Committee are set forth in the charter of the Nominating Committee adopted by the Board. The Nominating Committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to serve on the Board and recommending individuals to be nominated by the Board for election by stockholders or appointed by the Board to fill vacancies. Among its duties and responsibilities, the Nominating Committee is responsible for shaping corporate governance, reviewing and assessing the Guidelines, recommending Board compensation, and overseeing the annual evaluation of the Board. The Nominating Committee has the authority to retain compensation or other consultants as well as search firms for director candidates. In accordance with its charter, the Nominating Committee meets as often as it determines necessary, but at least four times each year.

The Nominating Committee currently consists of Messrs. Cahill, as chair, Metzger, ~~Nelson~~ and ~~Green.~~Nelson. The process followed by the Nominating Committee to identify and evaluate candidates includes (i) requesting recommendations from the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, and other parties, (ii) meeting to evaluate biographical information and background material relating to potential candidates and their qualifications, and (iii) interviewing selected candidates. The Nominating Committee also considers recommendations for nomination to the Board submitted by stockholders. A stockholder who desires to recommend a prospective nominee for the Board should notify the Secretary of the Company or any member of the Nominating Committee in writing with supporting material the stockholder considers appropriate. The Nominating Committee has the authority and ability to retain compensation or other consultants and search firms to identify or evaluate director candidates.

In evaluating the suitability of candidates to serve on the Board, including stockholder nominees, the Nominating Committee seeks candidates who are independent, as defined by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, related SEC rules and NYSE listing standards, and who meet certain selection criteria established by the Nominating Committee. The selection criteria include many factors, including a candidate’s general understanding of elements relevant to the success of a publicly traded company in the current business environment, understanding of our business, and educational and professional background. The Nominating Committee also considers a candidate’s judgment, competence, anticipated participation in Board activities, experience, geographic location and special talents or personal attributes. The guidelines provide that the composition of the Board should encompass a broad range of skills, expertise, industry knowledge, diversity, and contacts relevant to our business. Moreover, with respect to incumbent directors, the Nominating Committee also considers past performance, including attendance at meetings and participation in and contributions to the activities of the Board, and the director’s ability to make contributions after any significant change in circumstances (including changes in employment or professional status).

Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Fees Paid to the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees paid by us to KBL LLP for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
KBL, LLP
2019 2018
Audit fees⁽¹⁾ $ 30,000 $ 173,966
Audit-related fees - -
Tax Fees - -
All other fees⁽²⁾ 57,000 10,250
Total $ 87,000 $ 184,216

~~(1)~~ Audit fees consist of fees incurred in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of the interim financial statements included in our quarterly reports filed with the SEC.
~~(2)~~
Fees related to issuance of comfort letter to investment bankers in relation to issuance of capital stock and consent for report on fiscal year 2018 financial statements to be included in fiscal 2019 Form 10-K.
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees paid by us to RBSM LLP for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2019.
Audit fees⁽¹⁾ $ 55,000
Audit-related fees -
Tax Fees -
All other fees⁽²⁾ -
Total $ 55,000

The Audit Committee selects the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and separately pre-approves all audit services to be provided by it to the Company. The Audit Committee also reviews and separately pre-approves all audit-related, tax and all other services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with the Audit Committee’s charter and policy on pre-approval of audit-related, tax and other services. In its review of these services and related fees and terms, the Audit Committee considers, among other things, the possible effect of the performance of such services on the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm. None of the services described above were approved pursuant to the de minimis exception provided in Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.

The Audit Committee appointed RBSM, LLP (“RBSM”) to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees paid by us to RBSM for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
2020 2019
Audit fees⁽¹⁾ $ 120,000 $ 55,000
Audit-related fees - -
Tax Fees - -
All other fees⁽²⁾ - -
Total $ 120,000 $ 55,000
(1) Audit fees consist of fees incurred in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of the interim financial statements included in our quarterly reports filed with the SEC.
(2) Fees related to issuance of comfort letter to investment bankers in relation to issuance of capital stock and consent for report on fiscal year 2020 and 2019 financial statements to be included in fiscal 2020 Form 10-K.

Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee must review and approve, in advance, the scope and plans for the audits and the audit fees and approve in advance (or, where permitted under the rules and regulations of the SEC, subsequently) all non-audit services to be performed by the independent auditor that are not otherwise prohibited by law and any associated fees. The Audit Committee may delegate to one or more members of the committee the authority to pre-approve audit and permissible non-audit services, as long as this pre-approval is presented to the full committee at scheduled meetings. In accordance with the foregoing, the committee has delegated to the chair of the Audit Committee the authority to pre-approve services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm and associated fees, provided that the chair is required to report any decision to pre-approve such audit-related or non-audit services and fees to the full audit committee for ratification at its next regular meeting.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Financial Statements
● Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Audited Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020 and 2019
● Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Audited Consolidated Statements of Operations for Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
● Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Audited Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for March 31, 2020 and 2019
● Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Audited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
● Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Audited Consolidated Financial Statements
(b) Exhibits

Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
(2) Plan of acquisition, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Magnolia Solar Corporation and Ecoark Inc. dated as of January 29, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 4, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
(3)
(i) Articles of Incorporation; and (ii) Bylaws
3.1 Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on June 13, 2008 (File No. 333-151633).
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of January 7, 2010 (File No. 000-53361).
3.3 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Magnolia Solar Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 24, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
3.4 Certificate of Amendment to the Bylaws of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 14, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
3.5 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 28, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
~~(4)~~3.6
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock dated as of November 12, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of November 12, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).
3.7 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 7, 2020 (File No. 000-53361).
(4) Instruments defining the rights of securities holders
4.1 Magnolia Solar Corporation 2013 Incentive Stock Plan, incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC as of February 7, 2013 (File No. 333-186505)
(10)
Material Contracts
10.1 Form of Modification Agreement between Magnolia Solar Corporation and holders of Original Issue Discount Senior Secured Convertible Notes and Warrants, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of February 4, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
10.2 Form of Subscription Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 6, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
10.3 Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC as of April 29, 2016 (File No. 333-211045).
10.4 Form of Subscription Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC as of May 4, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
10.5 Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC as of May 4, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
10.6 Share Exchange Agreement by and between Pioneer Products, LLC, Sable Polymer Solutions, LLC and Ecoark Holdings, Inc., dated as of May 3, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
10.7 Master License Agreement by and between Magnolia Solar, Inc. and Magnolia Optical Technologies, Inc., dated as of April 30, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Amended Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC as of June 17, 2016 (File No. 333-211045).
10.8 Share Exchange Agreement by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc., Eco3D, LLC and Ken Smerz and Ted Mort, dated as of September 22, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of September 28, 2016 (File No. 000-53361).
10.9 Form of 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of January 13, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.10 Purchase Agreement by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Reddiamond Partners LLC, dated as of January 13, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of January 13, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).

10.11 Form of 10% Secured Convertible Promissory Note of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 6, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.12 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 14, 2017, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 14, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.13 Form of Warrant Agreement of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., dated March 14, 2017, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers of common stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 14, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.14 Form of Warrant Agreement of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., dated March 31, 2017, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various holders of convertible debt, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 3, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.15 Form of Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2017 by and among Eco3d Acquisition LLC, the Company, and Eco3d LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~4.1~~10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 14, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).

10.16 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 22, 2017, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 23, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.17 Form of Warrant Agreement of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., dated May 22, 2017, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers of common stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 23, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.18 Exchange Agreement, entered into on May 18, 2017 by and among the Company, Zest Labs, Inc., 440labs, Inc., SphereIt, LLC and certain other parties, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 24, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.19 Ecoark Holdings, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective June 13, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 dated and filed with the SEC on June 14, 2017 (File No. 333-218748).
10.20 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Ecoark Holdings, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of June 20, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.21 Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Ecoark Holdings, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of June 20, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.22 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Ecoark Holdings, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of June 20, 2017 (File No. 000-53361).
10.23 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 14, 2018, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 20, 2018 (File No. 000-53361).
10.24 Form of Warrant Agreement of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., dated March 14, 2018, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers of common stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 20, 2018 (File No. 000-53361).
10.25 Separation Agreement between the Company and Jay Puchir, dated May 11, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 17, 2018 (File No. 000-53361).
10.26 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2018, by and among Virterras Materials US LLC, Sable Polymer Solutions, LLC, Pioneer Products, LLC, Ecoark, Inc., and Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of August 13, 2018 (File No. 000-53361).
10.27 Form of Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 28, 2018, by and between Trend Discovery SPV I, LLC and Ecoark Holdings, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of January 4, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).
10.28 Form of Exchange Agreement of Ecoark Holdings, Inc., dated October 28, 2019, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and the investor signatory thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of October 28, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).
10.29 Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of November 12, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).
10.30 Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2019, by and between Ecoark, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of November 12, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).
10.31 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 11, 2019, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of November 12, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).
10.32 Form of Letter Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2020, by and between Ecoark, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of January 30, 2020 (File No. 000-53361).
10.33 Form of Replacement Warrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of January 30, 2020 (File No. 000-53361).
10.34 Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated March 27, 2020, by and between Ecoark Holdings, Inc. and Banner Energy Services Corp., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of April 2, 2020 (File No. 000-53361).
10.35 Form of Letter Agreement, dated as of May 9, 2020, by and between Ecoark, Inc. and various purchasers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 11, 2020 (File No. 000-53361).
10.36 Form of Replacement Warrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of May 11, 2020 (File No. 000-53361).

(14) Code of Ethics
14.1* Code of Ethics
(16) Letter re change in certifying accountant
16.1 Letter from KBL, LLP dated November 19, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of November 19, 2018 (File No. 000-53361).
(21) Subsidiaries of the Registrant
~~21.1~~21.1** List of Subsidiaries
(23) ~~List of Subsidiaries~~
~~(23)~~ Consents of Experts and Counsel
~~23.1~~23.1** Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(31)
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification
~~31.1~~31.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
~~31.2~~31.2** Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(32) Section 1350 Certification
~~32.1~~32.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
~~32.2~~32.2** Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
~~(99)~~ ~~Additional Exhibits~~
~~99.1~~ ~~Press Release dated August 1, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC as of August 1, 2018 (File No. 000-53361).~~
~~99.2~~ ~~Press Release dated March 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC as of March 15, 2019 (File No. 000-53361).~~
(101) Interactive Data Files
~~101.INS~~101.INS** XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
~~101.PRE~~101.PRE** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* The full text of the Code of Ethics is available on our website at https://www.zestlabs.com/downloads/Code-of-Ethics-2016.pdf and we undertake to provide a copy of our Code of Ethics to anyone without charge upon request to our executive offices.
** Filed herewith.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

~~Not applicable.~~None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

~~Ecoark Holdings, Inc.~~ECOARK HOLDINGS, INC.
(Registrant)

~~Date: August 19, 2019~~SIGNATURE ~~By:~~ ~~/s/ RANDY MAY~~TITLE DATE
~~Randy May~~

/s/ Randy S. May Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer June 29, 2020
Name: Randy S. May (Principal Executive Officer)

~~Date: August 19, 2019~~ ~~By:~~ /s/ ~~WILLIAM B. HOAGLAND~~
William B. Hoagland
Principal Financial Officer June 29, 2020
Name: William B. Hoagland (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

~~Date: August 19, 2019~~ ~~By:~~ /s/ ~~STEVEN~~Steven K. ~~NELSON~~Nelson Director June 29, 2020
Name: Steven K. Nelson ~~Steven K. Nelson~~
~~Director~~

~~Date: August 19, 2019~~ ~~By:~~ /s/ ~~PETER MEHRING~~Peter Mehring Director June 29, 2020
Name: Peter Mehring ~~Peter Mehring~~
~~Director~~

~~Date: August 19, 2019~~ ~~By:~~ /s/ ~~GARY METZGER~~Gary Metzger Director June 29, 2020
Gary Metzger ~~Gary Metzger~~
~~Director~~

~~Date: August 19, 2019~~ ~~By:~~ ~~/s/ MICHAEL GREEN~~
~~Michael Green~~
/s/ John Cahill Director June 29, 2020
John Cahill
~~Date: August 19, 2019~~ ~~By:~~ ~~/s/ JOHN CAHILL~~
~~John Cahill~~
~~Director~~

4061

Nevada		30-0680177
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5899 Preston Road #505, Frisco, TX		75034
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Title of each class		Trading Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
None

		Page

	PART I

Item 1.	Business.	2

Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	410

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments.	1230

Item 2.	Properties.	1230

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings.	1233

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	1233

	PART II

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.	1334

Item 6.	Selected Financial Data.	1435

Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	1435

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	45

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	23F-1

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.	2446

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures.	2446

Item 9B.	Other Information.	2546

	PART III

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.	2647

Item 11.	Executive Compensation.	2951

Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.	3253

Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.	3455

Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services.	3656

	PART IV

Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.	3858

	Units of Measure		March 31, 2020
Production
Oil	Barrels		-
Natural Gas	Mcf		-
BOE			-

Sales
Oil	Barrels	$	-
Natural Gas	Mcf	$	-

Average Sales Price
Oil	Barrels	$	-
Natural Gas	Mcf	$	-

Production – Lease Operating Expenses		$	-

Average Cost of Production per BOE		$	-

Well Category:	Oil		Gas

Active Producer		9		-
Inactive Producer		41		-
Shut-In		3		1
Plugged & Abandoned		1		-
Active Salt Water Disposal (SWD)		1		-
Inactive SWD		-		-

		55		1

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

	●	Overall economic and business conditions;

	●	Increased competition in the sustainability consumer and retail markets and the industries in which we compete;

	●	Changes in the economic, competitive, legal, and business conditions in local and regional markets and in the national and international ~~marketplace;~~marketplace including those changes brought about from COVID-19 and entrance into the oil and gas industry;

	●	The actions of national, state and local legislative, regulatory, and judicial bodies and authorities;

	●	Delays or interruptions in entering into contracts or acquiring necessary assets;

	●	The necessity to expand or curtail operations, obtain additional capital, or change business strategy;

	●	Changes in technology; and,

	●	Any of the other factors discussed in this report, including those factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors”.

	●	On May 6, 2020, the Company granted 100 non-qualified stock options to a consultant.

	●	On May 8 and May 14, the Company issued 25 and 35 shares of common stock for the extension of this not and accrued interest valued at $45. The Company recognized a loss of $13 on this issuance and conversion.

	●	Between May 11 and June 15, 2020, (a) the Company repaid long-term debt of $2,851 in cash; (b) converted $397 in long-term debt, plus $35 in accrued interest into 592 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $408 on this transaction; (c) repaid $140 in cash and converted $17 of amounts due to prior owners into 23 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $16 on this transaction; (d) converted $200 in long-term debt and $15 in accrued interest into 295 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $213 on this transaction; (e) repaid $3 and converted $507 of a vendor payable into 461 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $161 on this transaction; and (f) repaid $75 in cash and converted $825 in amounts due to prior owners into 1,130 shares of common stock, and recorded a loss on conversion of $350 on this transaction.

	●	On May 26, 2020, the Company issued 5 shares of common stock for the conversion of an accrued expense valued at $4. The Company recognized a loss of $4 on this conversion.

	●	On June 11, 2020, the Company acquired certain energy assets from SR Acquisition I, LLC for $1 as part of the ongoing bankruptcy reorganization of Sanchez Energy Corporation. The transaction, includes the transfer of 262 total wells in Mississippi and Louisiana, approximately 9,000 acres of active mineral leases, and drilling production materials and equipment. The 262 total wells include 57 active producing wells, 19 active disposal wells, 136 shut-in with future utility wells, and 50 shut-in pending plugging wells. Included in the assignment are 4 wells in the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale formation.

	●	On June 18, 2020, the Company acquired certain energy assets from SN TMS, LLC for $1 as part of the ongoing bankruptcy reorganization of Sanchez Energy Corporation. The transaction includes the transfer of wells, active mineral leases, and drilling production materials and equipment.

	●	Between June 19 and June 22, 2020, there were 395 warrants exercised for $399. Of these 400 warrants, 187 of them were cashless exercises.

	●	our ability to market our services and products for a profit;

	●	our ability to recruit and retain skilled personnel;

	●	our ability to secure and retain key customers; and

	●	our evolving business model.

	●	continue the research of the market and potential private companies to acquire;

	●	expand the scope of our operations on the Territory;

	●	establish a supply-demand chain and a respective trucking infrastructure to commercialize our market opportunities;

	●	acquire existing businesses and revitalize their operations with the Companies framework;

	●	seek to maintain, protect, and expand the Territory;

	●	seek to attract and retain skilled personnel; and

	●	create additional infrastructure to support our operations as a public company and plan future commercialization efforts.

	●	~~our ability to market our services~~difficulties in the post-acquisition integration of operations and ~~products for a profit;~~systems;

	●	~~our ability to recruit~~the termination of relationships with key personnel and ~~retain skilled personnel;~~customers of the acquired company;

	●	~~our ability~~a failure to ~~secure and retain key customers; and,~~add additional employees to manage the increased volume of business;

	●	additional post acquisition challenges and complexities in areas such as tax planning, treasury management, financial reporting and legal compliance;

	●	risks and liabilities from our ~~evolving~~acquisitions, some of which may not be discovered during the pre-acquisition due diligence process;

	●	a disruption of our ongoing business ~~model.~~or an inability of our ongoing business to receive sufficient management attention; and

	●	a failure to realize the cost savings or other financial benefits we anticipated prior to acquisition.

	●	longer operating histories;

	●	greater financial, technical, marketing, sales and other resources;

	●	positive cash flows from operations;

	●	greater name recognition;

	●	a broader range of products to offer;

	●	an established intellectual property portfolio;

	●	a larger installed base of customers;

	●	superior customer service;

	●	higher levels of quality and reliability;

	●	dependable and efficient distribution networks; and

	●	competitive product and services pricing.

	●	our ability to convince our potential customers of the advantages, logistic and economic benefits of our services over competitors;

	●	the niche scope of our product menu relative to competitors;

	●	changes to policies, procedures or currently accepted best practices in transportation business, cargo, and transportation sectors;

	●	changes to policies, procedures or currently accepted best practices in the transportation and logistics-industry

	●	the extent and success of our marketing and sales efforts; and

	●	our ability to commence operations of all acquired private companies in a timely fashion.

	●	Many of our competitors periodically reduce their freight rates to gain business, especially during times of reduced growth in the economy. This may make it difficult for us to maintain or increase freight rates, or may require us to reduce our freight rates. Additionally, it may limit our ability to maintain or expand our business.

	●	We face competition in this market from competitors that have operated in this market for several years, which may hinder our ability to compete and gain market share.

	●	Since some of our customers also operate their own private trucking fleets, they may decide to transport more of their own freight.

	●	Some shippers have selected core carriers for their shipping needs, for which we may not be selected.

	●	Many customers periodically solicit bids from multiple carriers for their shipping needs, despite the existence of dedicated contracts (Master Service Agreements), which may depress freight rates or result in a loss of business to our competitors.

	●	The continuing trend toward consolidation in the trucking industry may result in more large carriers with greater financial resources and other competitive advantages, with which we may have difficulty competing.

	●	Higher fuel prices and higher fuel surcharges to our customers may cause some of our customers to consider freight transportation alternatives, including rail transportation, if available.

	●	Advancements in technology may necessitate that we increase investments in order to remain competitive, and our customers may not be willing to accept higher freight rates to cover the cost of these investments.

	●	Competition from freight logistics and brokerage companies may negatively impact our customer relationships and freight rates.

	●	Smaller carriers may build economies of scale with procurement aggregation providers, which may improve such carriers’ abilities to compete with us.

	●	unusual or unexpected geological formations and miscalculations;

	●	fires;

	●	explosions and blowouts;

	●	pipe or cement failures;

	●	environmental hazards, such as natural gas leaks, oil spills, pipeline and tank ruptures, encountering naturally occurring radioactive materials, and unauthorized discharges of toxic gases, brine, well stimulation and completion fluids, or other pollutants into the surface and subsurface environment;

	●	loss of drilling fluid circulation;

	●	title problems for the properties on which we drill and resulting restrictions or termination of lease for oil drilling and production operations;


	●	facility or equipment malfunctions;

	●	unexpected operational events, especially the need to drill significantly deeper than originally contemplated or finding, despite an engineering study to the contrary, that the drilling site is a dry hole that produces no appreciable amounts of crude oil or no crude oil;

	●	shortages of skilled personnel or unexpected loss of key drilling and production workers;

	●	shortages or delivery delays of equipment and services or of water used in hydraulic fracturing activities;

	●	compliance with environmental and other regulatory requirements and any unexpected remedial requirements for violations of environmental or other regulatory requirements;

	●	shareholder activism and activities by non-governmental organizations to restrict the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas so as to minimize emissions of greenhouse gases of “GHG’s”;

	●	natural disasters; and

	●	adverse weather conditions.

	●	actual or anticipated variations in our operating results;

	●	announcements of developments by us or our competitors;

	●	announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

	●	adoption of new accounting standards affecting our industry;

	●	additions or departures of key personnel;

	●	introduction of new products by us or our competitors;

	●	sales of our common stock or other securities in the open market; and

	●	other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.

	●	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results;

	●	changes in market valuations of companies in our industry;

	●	announcements by us or our competitors of new strategies, significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures, capital commitments or other material developments that may affect our prospects;

	●	shortfalls in our operating results from levels forecasted by management;

	●	additions or departures of key personnel;

	●	sales of our capital stock in the future;

	●	liquidity or cash flow constraints; and

	●	fluctuations in stock market prices and volume, which are particularly common for the securities of emerging technology companies, such as us.

Reserve Category	Crude Oil (Mbbl)		Natural Gas (MMcf)		Total Proved (BOE)⁽¹⁾
Proved Reserves
Developed		17		-		17
Developed Non-Producing		-		-		-
Undeveloped		-		-		-

Total Proved Reserves		17		-		17

Estimated Future Net Cash Flows⁽²⁾					$	(128	)
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows						40

Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows – (PV10)⁽³⁾					$	(88	)

	(1)	BOE (barrels of oil equivalent) is calculated by a ratio of 6 MCF to 1 BBL of oil
	(2)	Prices used for net cash flow are based on the 12 month average of the wti cushing price reference. an average benchmark of $55.77/bbl and average realized price of $45.91/bbl were analyzed with the realized price ultimately used in the cash flow analysis.
	(3)	PV10 represents the discounted future net cash flows attributable to our proved oil and natural gas reserves discounted at 10%. pv-10 of our total year-end proved reserves is considered a non-us gaap financial measure as defined by the sec. we believe that presentation of the pv-10 is relevant and useful to our investors because it presents the discounted future net cash flows attributable to our proved reserves. we further believe investors and creditors use our pv-10 as a basis for comparison of the relative size and value of our reserves to other companies.

2019	HIGH		LOW
First Quarter	$	.95	$	.64
Second Quarter	$	.89	$	.47
Third Quarter (through August 16)	$	.86	$	.49

2018
First Quarter	$	2.45	$	1.25
Second Quarter	$	2.02	$	.88
Third Quarter	$	2.54	$	.94
Fourth Quarter	$	1.33	$	.64

2017
First Quarter	$	7.95	$	3.70
Second Quarter	$	5.50	$	3.26
Third Quarter	$	4.15	$	2.65
Fourth Quarter	$	3.10	$	2.00

2019
3rd Quarter ended December 31, 2019	$	1.40	$	0.49
2nd Quarter ended September 30, 2019	$	0.86	$	0.47
1st Quarter ended June 30, 2019	$	0.89	$	0.47
4th Quarter ended March 31, 2019	$	0.95	$	0.64

2016
First Quarter	$	18.00	$	8.65
Second Quarter	$	22.00	$	12.00
Third Quarter	$	21.00	$	7.00
Fourth Quarter	$	9.25	$	4.48

2015
First Quarter	$	12.50	$	3.75
Second Quarter	$	17.53	$	5.00
Third Quarter	$	6.50	$	3.75
Fourth Quarter	$	15.00	$	2.50

2018
3rd Quarter ended December 31, 2018	$	1.33	$	0.64
2nd Quarter ended September 30, 2018	$	2.54	$	0.94
1st Quarter ended June 30, 2018	$	2.02	$	0.88
4th Quarter ended March 31, 2018	$	2.45	$	1.25

	(a)	On April 16, 2020, the Company received $386 in Payroll Protection Program funding related to Ecoark Holdings, and the Company also received on April 13, 2020, $1,482 in Payroll Protection Program funds for Pinnacle Frac LLC, a subsidiary of Banner Midstream.

	(b)	On May 1, 2020, an institutional investor elected to convert its remaining shares of Series B Preferred shares into 161 common shares.

~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms~~	~~F-1 – F-2~~
~~Balance Sheets~~	~~F-3~~
~~Statements of Operations~~	~~F-4~~
~~Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)~~	~~F-5~~
~~Statements of Cash Flows~~	~~F-6~~
~~Notes to Financial Statements~~	~~F-7 – F-43~~

	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
	2019			2018
ASSETS				(Restated)
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash ($35 pledged as collateral for credit)	$	244		$	3,730
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $573 and $87 as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively		520			2,617
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		900			242
Current assets held for sale – (Note 2)		23			645
Total current assets		1,687			7,234
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property and equipment, net		824			2,619
Intangible assets, net		-			1,545
Non-current assets held for sale – (Note 2)		-			1,023
Other assets		27			26
Total non-current assets		851			5,213
TOTAL ASSETS	$	2,538		$	12,447

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	1,416		$	2,350
Accrued liabilities		828			1,080
Note payable		1,350			-
Derivative liabilities – (Note 3)		3,104			3,694
Current portion of long-term debt		-			500
Current liabilities held for sale – (Note 2)		34			43
Total current liabilities		6,732			7,667
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Total liabilities		6,732			7,667

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Numbers of shares rounded to thousands)

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued		-			-
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, 52,571 shares issued and 51,986 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and 49,468 shares issued and 48,923 outstanding as of March 31, 2018		53			49
Additional paid-in-capital		113,310			108,585
Accumulated deficit		(115,886	)		(102,236	)
Treasury stock, at cost		(1,671	)		(1,618	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(4,194	)		4,780
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)	$	2,538		$	12,447

	Preferred				Common					Additional Paid-In-			Accumulated			Treasury
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount		Capital			Deficit			Stock			Total
Balances at April 1, 2017 (Restated)		-	$	-		42,330		$	42	$	80,845		$	(69,400	)	$	-		$	11,487

Shares issued for cash in private placement, net of expenses		-		-		5,000			5		3,029			-			-			3,034

Share-based compensation – stock – Board of Directors		-		-		201			-		550			-			-			550

Share-based compensation – stock – services rendered		-		-		65			-		596			-			-			596

Share-based compensation – stock – employees		-		-		1,783			2		20,590			-			-			20,592

Purchase shares from employees in lieu of taxes		-		-		-			-		-			-			(1,618	)		(1,618	)

Stock issued to purchase 440 Labs		-		-		300			-		1,500			-			-			1,500

Share-based compensation due to employment agreements		-		-		300			-		1,500			-			-			1,500

Warrant conversion – cashless		-		-		49			-		-			-			-			-

Sale of Eco3d, shares received and cancelled		-		-		(560	)		-		(25	)		-			-			(25	)

Net loss for the period		-		-		-			-		-			(32,836	)		-			(32,836	)

Balances at March 31, 2018 (Restated)		-		-		49,468			49		108,585			(102,236	)		(1,618	)		4,780

Shares issued for cash in private placement, net of expenses		-		-		2,969			3		1,648			-			-			1,651

Share-based compensation – options – Board of Directors		-		-		-			-		400			-			-			400

Share-based compensation – stock – services rendered		-		-		-			-		(14	)		-			-			(14	)

Share-based compensation – stock, options – employees		-		-		134			1		2,691			-			-			2,692

Purchase shares from employees in lieu of taxes		-		-		-			-		-			-			(53	)		(53	)

Net loss for the period		-		-		-			-		-			(13,650	)		-			(13,650	)

Balances at March 31, 2019		-	$	-		52,571		$	53	$	113,310		$	(115,886	)	$	(1,671	)	$	(4,194	)

	(Dollars in thousands)
	2019			2018
				(Restated)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(13,650	)	$	(32,836	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and impairment		3,357			3,041
Bad debt expense		486			-
Share-based compensation - services rendered		400			2,860
Share-based compensation - employees		2,673			20,592
Share-based compensation due to employment agreements		-			1,500
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(3,160	)		(9,316	)
Adjusted loss from discontinued operations		1,848			4,181
Gain on sale of discontinued operations		(57	)		(636	)
Loss on retirement of assets		5			61
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,611			(1,060	)
Inventory		-			(983	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(36	)		34
Other assets		(26	)		6
Accounts payable		(934	)		634
Accrued liabilities		291			(1,691	)
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations		(7,192	)		(13,613	)
Net cash used in discontinued operations		(1,848	)		(4,030	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(9,040	)		(17,643	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations		825			2,029
Purchases of short-term investments		-			(1,001	)
Redemption of short-term investments		-			1,001
Purchases of property and equipment		(289	)		(277	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		536			1,752

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of fees		4,221			12,693
Proceeds from credit facility		1,350			-
Purchase of treasury shares from employees		(53	)		(1,618	)
Repayments of debt - related parties		-			(100	)
Repayments of debt		(500	)		-
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,018			10,975
NET DECREASE IN CASH		(3,486	)		(4,916	)
Cash - beginning of period		3,730			8,646
Cash - end of period	$	244		$	3,730

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash paid for interest	$	382		$	60
Cash paid for income taxes	$	2		$	-

SUMMARY OF NONCASH ACTIVITIES:
Inventory reclassified to property and equipment	$	-		$	2,477

Assets and liabilities acquired via acquisition of companies:

Identifiable intangible assets	$	-		$	1,435
Goodwill	$	-		$	65
Other assets	$	-		$	28

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms	F-2
Balance Sheets	F-3
Statements of Operations	F-4
Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	F-5
Statements of Cash Flows	F-6
Notes to Financial Statements	F-7 – F-39

				(Dollars in thousands,
				except per share data)
	March 31,			Restatement			March 31,
	2018			Adjustment			2018
	As Reported						As Restated
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash ($265 pledged as collateral for credit)	$	3,730		$	-		$	3,730
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $87		2,617			-			2,617
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		242			-			242
Current assets held for sale		645			-			645
Total current assets		7,234			-			7,234
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property and equipment, net		2,619			-			2,619
Intangible assets, net		1,545			-			1,545
Non-current assets held for sale		1,023			-			1,023
Other assets		26			-			26
Total non-current assets		5,213			-			5,213
TOTAL ASSETS	$	12,447			-		$	12,447

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	2,350		$	-		$	2,350
Accrued liabilities		1,080			-			1,080
Derivative liabilities		-			3,694			3,694
Current portion of long-term debt		500			-			500
Current liabilities held for sale		43			-			43
Total current liabilities		3,973			3,694			7,667
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term debt, net of current portion		-			-			-
Long-term debt, net of current portion - related party		-			-
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Total liabilities		3,973			3,694			7,667

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Numbers of shares rounded to thousands)

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued		-			-			-
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, 49,468 shares issued and 48,923 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2018		49			-			49
Additional paid-in-capital		122,424			(13,839	)		108,585
Accumulated deficit		(112,381	)		10,145			(102,236	)
Treasury stock, at cost		(1,618	)		-			(1,618	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		8,474			(3,694	)		4,780
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)	$	12,447			-		$	12,447