0001282266 us-gaap:USTreasuryAndGovernmentMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember 2018-12-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K



x	~~ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934~~

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



¨	~~TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934~~
	For the transition period from ____________ to ________________



Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter	State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization	Commission File Number	I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter		Commission File Number	I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
Windstream Holdings, Inc.	Delaware	001-32422	46-2847717
Windstream Services, LLC	Delaware	001-36093	20-0792300




4001 Rodney Parham Road
	Little Rock, ~~Arkansas~~	Arkansas	72212
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

		(501)	748-7000
	(Registrants’ telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

NONE

(Title of Class)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:



Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.0001 par per share)		~~NASDAQ Global Select~~Over-the-Counter Pink Sheets Market

~~Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:~~

~~NONE~~

~~(Title of Class)~~

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	ý ~~YES~~ ¨ NO ☐	Yes	☒	No
Windstream Services, LLC	ý ~~YES~~ ¨ NO ☐	Yes	☒	No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	¨ ~~YES~~ ý NO ☐	Yes	☒	No
Windstream Services, LLC	¨ ~~YES~~ ý NO ☐	Yes	☒	No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	ý ~~YES~~ ¨ NO ☐	Yes	☒	No
Windstream Services, LLC	ý ~~YES~~ ¨ NO ☐	Yes	☒	No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files).



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	ý ~~YES~~ ¨ NO ☐	Yes	☒	No
Windstream Services, LLC	ý ~~YES~~ ¨ NO ☐	Yes	☒	No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See ~~definition~~the definitions of “large accelerated ~~filer”,~~filer,” “accelerated ~~filer”~~filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and ~~“smaller reporting~~“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. ~~(Check one):~~



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	Large accelerated filerý	☐	Accelerated filer¨	☐
	Non-accelerated filer¨	☒	Smaller reporting company¨	☒
			Emerging growth company	☐

Windstream Services, LLC	Large accelerated filer ¨	☐	Accelerated filer¨	☐
	Non-accelerated filerý	☒	Smaller reporting company¨	☐
			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	¨ ~~YES~~ ý NO ☐
Windstream Services, LLC	¨ ~~YES~~ ý NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	¨ ~~YES~~ ý NO ☐	Yes	☒	No
Windstream Services, LLC	¨ ~~YES~~ ý NO ☐	Yes	☒	No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.



Windstream Holdings, Inc.	☐	Yes	☐	No
Windstream Services, LLC	☐	Yes	☐	No

Aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, ~~2017~~2019 - ~~$740,286,051~~$9,889,552

As of ~~February 22, 2018, 183,335,244~~May 14, 2020, 43,018,736 shares of common stock of Windstream Holdings, Inc. were outstanding. Windstream Holdings, Inc. holds a 100 percent interest in Windstream Services, LLC.

This Form 10-K is a combined annual report being filed separately by two registrants: Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Windstream Services, LLC. Windstream Services, LLC is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, Inc. Accordingly, Windstream Services, LLC meets the conditions set forth in general instruction I(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the use of the terms “Windstream,” “we,” “us” or “our” shall refer to Windstream Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services, LLC, and the term “Windstream Services” shall refer to Windstream Services, LLC and its subsidiaries.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE



Document		~~Incorporated Into~~
~~Proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders~~		~~Part III~~
The Exhibit Index is located on pages 4471 to ~~48.~~76.

Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Windstream Services, LLC

Form 10-K, Part I

Table of Contents



		Page No.
	Part I

Item 1.	Business	2

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	1618

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	2532

Item 2.	Properties	2632

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	2633

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2735

	Part II

Item 5.	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	2835

Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	3036

Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3036

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3136

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	3136

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	3136

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	3136

Item 9B.	Other Information	3339

	Part III

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	3440

Item 11.	Executive Compensation	3540

Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	3559

Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	3561

Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	3562

	Part IV

Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	3663

Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	3663

Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Windstream Services, LLC

Form 10-K, Part I

Item 1. Business

THE COMPANY

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Windstream,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Windstream Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services, LLC, and the term “Windstream Services” refers to Windstream Services, LLC and its subsidiaries.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings”) is a publicly traded holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware on May 23, 2013, and the parent of Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”), a Delaware limited liability company organized on March 1, 2004. Following its delisting on March 6, 2019, Windstream Holdings common stock no longer trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) but trades on the Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Pink Sheets market maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc. under the ~~ticker~~trading symbol ~~“WIN”~~“WINMQ”. Windstream Holdings owns a 100 percent interest in Windstream Services. Windstream Services and its guarantor subsidiaries are the sole obligors of all outstanding debt obligations and, as a result, also file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Windstream Holdings is not a guarantor of nor subject to the restrictive covenants included in any of Windstream Services’ debt agreements. The Windstream Holdings board of directors and officers oversee both companies.

CHAPTER 11 REORGANIZATION

As further discussed under “Legal Proceedings” in Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, on September 22, 2017, Windstream Services received a purported notice of default under the indenture governing its 6.375 percent senior notes due August 2023 (the “2023 Notes”) from a purported holder of the senior notes, which alleged that Windstream Services had breached certain covenants under the indenture, primarily that the 2015 spin-off constituted a sale and leaseback transaction (as defined in the indenture). On October 12, 2017, the trustee under the indenture filed suit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “District Court”) seeking a declaration that defaults had occurred under the indenture. On November 6, 2017, Windstream Services received consents from holders representing a majority of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes to certain waivers and amendments to the indenture relating to the defaults alleged in the notice of default in connection with certain exchange and consent transactions completed in 2017. On December 7, 2017, the purported holder issued a notice of acceleration claiming that the principal amount, along with accrued interest, was due and payable immediately.

Trial in the litigation occurred July 23-25, 2018 and the District Court heard final arguments on July 31, 2018. On February 15, 2019, Judge Jesse Furman of the District Court issued certain findings of fact and conclusions of law (the “Findings”) regarding the 2015 spin-off and 2017 exchange and consent transactions and found that the trustee under the indenture and/or the noteholder are entitled to a judgment in the litigation.

The Findings resulted in a cross default under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit agreement governing its secured term and revolving loan obligations and remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”). In addition, the acceleration of the 2023 Notes as noted in the Findings resulted in a cross-acceleration event of default under the indentures governing Windstream Services’ other series of secured and unsecured notes. A judgment has not been entered by the District Court.

The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases also constituted an event of default under our debt agreements. Due to the Chapter 11 Cases, however, the creditors’ ability to exercise remedies under our debt agreements were stayed as of the Petition Date and continue to be stayed. See “Risks Related to Chapter 11 Reorganization” in Item 1A.

The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re Windstream Holdings, Inc., et al., No 19-22312 (RDD). We will continue to operate our businesses as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

In general, as debtors-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code, we are authorized to continue to operate as an ongoing business, but may not engage in transactions outside the ordinary course of business without the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to first day motions filed with the Bankruptcy Court, the Bankruptcy Court authorized us to conduct our business activities in the ordinary course, including, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions of such orders, authorizing us to obtain debtor-in-possession financing, pay employee wages and benefits, and pay vendors and suppliers in the ordinary course for all goods and services.

Additional resources for customers, vendors and other stakeholders, and other information on the Chapter 11 filings, can be accessed by visiting our restructuring website at www.windstreamrestructuring.com. Court filings and other documents related to the Chapter 11 process are available on a separate website administered by our claims agent, Kurtzman Carson Consultants LLC at http://www.kccllc.net/windstream. Information is also available by calling 877-759-8815 (toll-free in the U.S.) or +1-424-236-7262 (for parties outside the U.S.). Documents and other information available on such website are not part of this document and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in this document. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information and developments related to our Chapter 11 reorganization.

OVERVIEW

Windstream is a leading provider of ~~advanced~~managed network communications and technology solutions for businesses across the U.S. We also offer broadband, entertainment and security solutions to consumers and small businesses primarily in rural areas in 18 states. Additionally, we supply core transport solutions on a local and long-haul fiber network spanning approximately ~~150,000~~164,000 miles.

Our mission is to connect people and empower business in a world of infinite possibilities brought on by rapid technological change. Our vision is to provide innovative software and network solutions while consistently delivering excellent customer experiences.

To execute on our mission and achieve our vision, we have five key priorities for 2020:

•Focus on growth.

We have made significant progress transitioning from legacy telecom products and services to next-generation software-enabled products and services with vastly superior capabilities. To drive growth, we will continue to convert existing customers from legacy voice and data products to our strategic products, including SD-WAN, Office Suite UC and Kinetic Broadband that best meet our customers’ communications needs.

We expect to exit bankruptcy in 2020 with a ~~best-in-class~~new capital structure that will allow us to increase speed capability to more of our Kinetic footprint. Our capital spend increased by 12 percent in 2019, with the Kinetic segment seeing the bulk of that year-over-year increase. In 2020, we expect to make continued strategic investments in Kinetic.

•Maintain product and software leadership.

A significant portion of our information technology (“IT”) resources remains focused on maintaining our leadership in broadband speed expansion, development of next-generation software that creates customer solutions, and internal tools that enhance our interactions with customers. Our 2020 focus will be on continuing to expand our broadband speed capabilities, continuing to enhance our SD-WAN and UCaaS products, expanding our metro fiber and long-haul network services, and enhancing our customer-facing digital experience through our ~~network, our applications~~customer portals and ~~our people. Our “network first” strategy entails leveraging our existing infrastructure and investing~~interfaces.

•Deliver consistent excellence in the ~~latest technologies~~customer experience.

We have made significant investments over the past several years to ~~create significant value~~provide quality service and enhance network reliability and ease of doing business. We continue to improve collaboration and organizational effectiveness and enhance the day-to-day reliability of our network to drive improvements in the service we provide customers. During 2019, we saw dramatic improvements in our net customer promoter scores, customer satisfaction surveys, and industry awards. We will continue this momentum into 2020 through enhanced network visibility and design for ~~both~~ our customers, as well as continued expansion of software tools and automation efforts.

•Drive adoption of strategic products.

As the marketplace continues to evolve, and demand for bandwidth increases, we will drive customers to our ~~shareholders.~~strategic product offerings including ultrafast broadband, SD-WAN and UCaaS through new sales and by converting existing customers from legacy products to next-generation services.

~~During~~•Continue to aggressively manage costs.

Two major areas of cost reductions that we anticipate seeing in 2020 will be our interconnection cost profile, as well as our network real estate footprint. Our biggest single cash cost remains interconnection payments we make to other telecommunications carriers to utilize their networks to deliver our products and services to customers. We have been aggressively reducing those payments by approximately 10 percent for several years, and we expect this downward trend to continue.

We also have an additional $336 million in annualized expenses associated with network real estate, colocation and fiber expenses that we are focused on reducing over time, which represents another material cost reduction opportunity. At the ~~fourth quarter of 2017,~~same time, we will continue to aggressively manage all other expenses.

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Effective April 1, 2019, we reorganized our business operations into ~~two organizations: Windstream~~three segments: Kinetic, Enterprise ~~& Wholesale~~ and ~~Consumer & Small Business.~~Wholesale. The ~~Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale~~Kinetic business unit ~~which~~ primarily serves customers ~~located~~ in service areas in which we are a competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”), consists of our former Enterprise and Wholesale segments, as well as the Small Business component of the former CLEC Consumer and Small Business segment. Our Consumer & Small Business business unit serves customers located in service areasmarkets in which we are the incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC”) and provides services over network facilities operated by us. The Enterprise and Wholesale business units primarily ~~consists~~serve customers in markets in which we are a competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) and provide services over network facilities primarily leased from other carriers. As a result of this reorganization, we improved the ~~former~~alignment of our customer base within our ILEC Consumer and Small Business segment. Apart from these two distinct business unit organizations, we also operate a consumer CLEC business, which had been part of the former CLEC Consumer and Small Business segment. For management and financial reporting purposes, we now have four reportable operating segments consisting of Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise, Wholesale and CLEC ~~Consumer.~~

markets. The significant changes to our previous segment structure included: (1) shifting certain business ~~unit change was based on~~customers with operations in ILEC-only markets from the ~~basic tenet that organizational structure should be nimble and follow a company’s vision and strategy. The anchor of our vision is unchanged and remains~~Enterprise segment to the customer experience. What is new is our ability to leverage disruptive technologies in our product solutions, such as Software Defined Wide Area Networking (“SD-WAN”) and cloud-based unified communications applications like OfficeSuite®, as well as broader Software Defined Networking (“SDN”)-based products, to differentiate ourselves in a rapidly evolving marketplace.

~~To advance that strategy, we have five key priorities for 2018:~~

~~Advance our industry-leading Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale product and service capabilities~~.

One key component will be continued sharp focus on our SD-WAN product, as well as our unified communications product, OfficeSuite®. The ingenuity of OfficeSuite® lies in its simplicity, relevant features and digital approach and its broad application across our customer base. We will continue to advance our current capabilities, including our security solutions and on-net solutions, as well as our professional services portfolio. Our strategic product set with our on-net capabilities has us well positioned in the marketplace.

~~Launch next-generation broadband deployment techniques that are both faster and more cost-effective~~.

Through our continued investment in our broadband network, we now have the capability to deploy faster broadband speeds through both new and existing technologies. This agile deployment is a must in the competitive broadband environment.

~~Further simplify our business and transform customer-facing and internal user capabilities~~.

This begins with our multi-year information technology integration project and not only has allowed us to more efficiently manage our product catalog, price quoting and order management systems, but has also allowed us to eliminate duplicative systems and generate meaningful cost savings.

~~Our integration of EarthLink and Broadview remains on schedule. Our goal of $180 million in annualized synergies by the end of 2019 remains a key driver of our financial objectives.~~

~~Drive revenue improvements through enhanced sales and improved customer retention in both our business units~~.

~~Our~~ Consumer & Small Business segment, ~~remains focused on improving our broadband market share while increasing speed~~which was renamed Kinetic; (2) shifting governmental and ~~value-added service penetration~~resale customers from Wholesale to Enterprise; (3) shifting wholesale customers and related services in ILEC markets from Wholesale to Kinetic; and (4) allocating certain corporate expenses, primarily property taxes, to the segments. Prior period segment information has been revised to reflect these changes for ~~each broadband connection, while our Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale segment is focused on increasing strategic sales leveraging our next generation products.~~ all periods presented.

In addition to our revenue objectives, we will continue to aggressively drive our on-going initiatives of network access reductions, automation of processes and enhanced organizational effectiveness, as we align our expenses to our revenue trajectory.

~~Continue to work to optimize our balance sheet~~.

~~During 2017, we significantly improved our debt maturity profile with various refinancing transactions. We will continue to be opportunistic and look for ways to improve our balance sheet.~~

Our focused operational strategy for each business segment has the overall objective to ~~generate strong financial returns for our investors and grow~~slow the decline in adjusted ~~OIBDA,~~OIBDAR, which is defined as operating income ~~plus~~before depreciation and amortization ,and goodwill impairment charges, adjusted to exclude the impact of the ~~goodwill impairment,~~straight-line expense under our contractual arrangement with Uniti, merger, integration and certain other costs, restructuring charges, ~~pension expense~~ and share-based compensation. For 2020, we expect continued pressure on our revenues, particularly in our Enterprise business, to be partially offset by reductions in our cash expenses.

Presented below for each of our business segments is an overview and further discussion of our operating strategy, product and service offerings, sales and marketing efforts and the competitive landscape in which we operate.

~~CONSUMER & SMALL BUSINESS~~KINETIC SEGMENT

The ~~Consumer & Small Business~~Kinetic segment includes approximately ~~1.4~~1.3 million residential and small business customers. This segment generated ~~$2.0~~$2.1 billion in revenue and ~~$1.1~~$1.2 billion in contribution margin, or segment income, during ~~2017.~~2019.

Strategy

~~Within our ILEC Consumer & Small Business segment,~~To be competitive in the marketplace and retain existing customers and grow market share through new customer acquisition, we ~~are focused on expanding and enhancing~~have made significant investments in our broadband ~~capabilities~~network. We expect the fiber investments in our business footprint to drive increased sales and ~~product-set to provide~~lower churn by creating a ~~great~~premium customer experience ~~sustain average revenue per~~and enabling more robust solutions for our Kinetic Business product, such as cloud voice services, next-generation networking and affordable business continuity plans. Our network investments will also power bandwidth-intensive applications such as video conferencing, file-sharing and high-definition (“HD”) content consumption.

The graph below highlights our significant improvement in broadband customer trends in 2019.

For the seventh consecutive quarter we recorded consumer broadband growth, adding approximately 9,300 net subscribers during the fourth quarter and 28,300 net subscribers for the full year of 2019, nearly doubling our 2018 net subscriber growth. This market share growth has been driven by our continued improvement in broadband speed capability across our Kinetic ILEC footprint. We have experienced a significant increase ~~market share.~~in demand, principally driven by increased speed availability across our network. During 2020, we expect to grow our broadband customer base by approximately 40,000 net subscribers.

~~We continue~~The graph below highlights our improved broadband speed capabilities over the past three years.

Broadband speed availability continues to ~~increase broadband speeds~~improve due to our investment and ~~capacity throughout our territories. During the second quarter~~expansion of ~~2017, we completed Project Excel, a capital program, which began in late 2015~~fiber and was focused on upgrading our fiber-fed infrastructure with Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line Generation 2 (“VDSL2”) electronics to enable faster broadband speeds and enhance our backhaul capabilities to address future capacity demands and improve network reliability. Through Project Excel, fiber expansion, new technologies andother cost-effective network deployment strategies, including new technologies, such as fixed wireless.

As depicted in the chart below, by the end of 2019, we ~~are now able to provide~~reached 70 percent of our consumer footprint with speeds of 25 megabits per second (“Mbps”) or higher and 42 percent with speeds of 100 Mbps or higher, up from 15 percent at the end of 2018. During 2019, we upgraded speeds to ~~55 percent of~~1.3 million homes across our ~~broadband footprint~~Kinetic footprint.

Our network investments make us more competitive in the marketplace and 50 Mbps speeds to 31 percent; which are competitive offerings in our rural markets. In addition, we offer 1-Gigabit Internet service in 15 states to deliver faster speeds to more of our customer base. Connect America Fund (“CAF”) funding will also provide support and allow us to expand our broadband capabilities.

~~We believe these network upgrades will provide~~create a great customer experience, which ~~should help sustain average revenue per customer per month and allow~~helps us to retain existing customers and increase our market share. We expect increases in real-time streaming video and traditional Internet usage to drive demand for faster broadband speeds and generate increased revenues as customers upgrade their services. We also sell value-added Internet services, such as security and online back-up, to leverage our broadband capabilities. Currently, 76 percent of our existing customer base subscribes to Internet speeds of 25 Mbps or less. With the increased availability of premium broadband speeds, we have a significant opportunity to migrate customers to faster speeds, which we believe will reduce churn and improve the overall customer experience.

~~For 2018, we are focused on expanding and enhancing our broadband capabilities to provide a great customer experience, improve customer retention and~~ grow market share ~~by continuing~~through new customer acquisition. Similarly, our small business strategy centers around investing in our network. During 2019, we expanded the availability of our Kinetic Fiber Internet services, which provides speeds up to ~~increase~~1-Gigabit per second (“Gbps”) to approximately 100,000 businesses across 16 states. We are also marketing Internet security and Wi-Fi network management services under the Kinetic brand along with our proprietary TV service and faster broadband ~~speeds~~speeds. We will continue to expand use of that branding and ~~capacity throughout our territories.~~to invest in the Kinetic name through multi-channel marketing campaigns in 2020.

Services and Products

Our ~~Consumer~~consumer services primarily consist of high-speed Internet, traditional voice and video services. We ~~are~~also offer robust Internet security and Wi-Fi network management services to our consumer base. Kinetic Secure provides consumers with affordable device, gateway and Internet security and protection from malware attacks and identity theft, as well as parental controls and round-the-clock technical support. We remain committed to providing high-speed broadband and continue to source and develop additional value-added services to our consumer base ~~as well as bundling our service offerings to provide a comprehensive solution~~in order to meet ~~our customers’~~their emerging needs ~~at a competitive value.~~and differentiate ourselves from competitors.

~~Our Consumer broadband services, including features available in Windstream Shield, are described further as follows:~~

~~High-speed Internet access:~~ ~~We offer high-speed Internet access with speeds up to 1 gigabits per second (“Gbps”).~~

~~Shield Lite:~~ Our least expensive security offering includes security backed by renowned McAfee products providing protection from the latest security threats. Also included are identity theft protection and data backup.

~~Shield Standard:~~ ~~Our mid-priced security offering includes all the features of Shield Lite plus 24/7/365 unlimited access to premium technical services, and a wired maintenance program for the customer’s home.~~

~~Shield Premium:~~ Our most robust security offering includes all the features of Shield Lite and Shield Standard plus protection for malfunction or accidental damage of a customer’s computer, tablet or e-reader and whole-home support for up to 10 devices in the customer’s home network.

Consumer voice services include basic local telephone services, features and long-distance services. Features include call waiting, caller identification, call forwarding, as well as various other offerings. We also offer a variety of long-distance plans, including rate plans based on minutes of use and flexible or unlimited long-distance calling services.

We offer video services to consumers through ~~relationships~~our relationship with DirecTV and Dish Network. Through these relationships, we are able to offer our customers affordable, diverse options for programming and other premium entertainment services no matter where they reside in our ILEC footprint.YouTube TV. We also ~~own and operate cable television franchises in some of our service areas and we~~ offer Kinetic TV, ~~a highly competitive IP~~streaming television service, in Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Nebraska and Texas. The combination of high-speed Internet, video and entertainment ~~offering, in our top 4 market areas. Our video~~ offerings along with best-in-class security services allow us to provide comprehensive bundled ~~services~~offerings to our consumer base, helping insulate our customers from ~~competitors.~~competitor campaigns and enticements.

In 2017, we introduced our premium services to the market under the brand “Kinetic” which includes our highest speed Internet products and our cable and IP video offerings. Windstream is marketing these services as Kinetic by Windstream.

We sell and lease certain equipment to support our consumer high-speed Internet, voice and ~~voice~~entertainment offerings, including broadband modems, Wi-Fi extenders, set-top boxes and home networking ~~gateways and personal computers. We also sell home phones to support voice services.~~gateways.

~~With recent acquisitions, our~~

Our small business product suite ~~expanded to include~~includes award-winning advanced hosted-voice, network management and business continuity ~~services to our existing Internet, voice, and web conferencing products.~~services. These services deliver high-speed Internet with competitive speeds, value added services to enhance business productivity and options to bundle services for a ~~global~~holistic business solution to meet our small business customer needs. ~~The~~These product additions ~~will allow~~position us to ~~sell~~expand our addressable market to include customers with more sophisticated communications requirements and higher spend levels.

Our ILEC Small Business services include:


•	High-speed Internet access: We offer speeds up to 1 Gbps with an option of high-speed Internet or a private, non-shared dedicated solution.


•	Hosted voice services:OfficeSuite® is an award-winning cloud-based, hosted-voice solution that includes a fully featured phone system, and real-time audio and video communications available from the office phone, computer or on the go with connected smart devices.

~~High-speed Internet access:~~ ~~We offer speeds up to 1 Gbps with an option of high-speed Internet or a dedicated solution.~~


•	Software Defined Wide-Area Network: Set to launch in 2020, SD-WAN is the next-generation technological wide-area network solution that ensures optimal application performance irrespective of the underlying transport and allows for business continuity as well as routing control via a customer-facing portal.


•	Internet wireless back-up: Always On Internet Wireless Back-up virtually eliminates Internet downtime by automatically switching over to a wireless Internet back-up connection, backed by 99.999% Internet uptime SLA (service level agreement) for businesses.


•	Online backup: Our online backup solution is dedicated to keeping files safe, secure and easily accessible from any location. These services include hosting mission critical servers and computer systems with full redundant subsystems with the ability to set up scheduled backups.


•	Remote IT: We provide a remote tech help service that provides remote support 24x7 and serves as a virtual information technology (“IT”) department without the high expense.


•	Web and audio conferencing: We are able to connect businesses through our audio, web and event conferencing which enables quick and easy access to organizing, securing, attending and recording conferences all from a telephone keypad.


•	Managed web design: We provide a professionally developed website design, whether it is a simple site or a complex store, to keep our small business customers competitive in today’s digital world.


•	Web and E-mail hosting: With our web and e-mail hosting services, our customers are in control of customizing and branding their own professional online presence. We provide the tools to quickly and efficiently develop a web presence that suits their business needs.


•	Fax-to-e-mail: We offer the ability to leverage the advantage of mobility to send and receive faxes online from anywhere they can access their email or Internet. We also offer a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) compliant option to support our customers in the healthcare industry to maintain compliance with current health standards and regulations.

~~Hosted voice services:~~ ~~OfficeSuite®~~ is an award-winning cloud-based, hosted-voice solution that includes a fully featured phone system, and real-time audio and video communications available from the office phone, computer or on the go with connected smart devices.

~~Software Defined Wide-Area Network~~: SD-WAN is the next-generation technological wide-area network solution that ensures optimal application performance irrespective of the underlying transport and allows for business continuity as well as routing control via a customer-facing portal.

~~Online backup:~~ Our online backup solution is dedicated to keeping files safe, secure and easily accessible from any location. These services include hosting mission critical servers and computer systems with full redundant subsystems with the ability to set up scheduled backups.

~~Remote IT:~~ ~~We provide a remote tech help service that provides remote support 24x7 and serves as a virtual information technology (“IT”) department without the high expense.~~

~~Web and audio conferencing:~~ We are able to connect businesses through our audio, web and event conferencing which enables quick and easy access to organizing, securing, attending and recording conferences all from a telephone keypad.

~~Managed web design:~~ ~~We provide a professionally developed website design, whether it is a simple site or a complex store, to keep our small business customers competitive in today’s digital world.~~

~~Web and E-mail hosting:~~ With our web and e-mail hosting services, our customers are in control of customizing and branding their own professional online presence. We provide the tools to quickly and efficiently develop a web presence that suits their business needs.

~~Fax-to-e-mail:~~ We offer the ability to leverage the advantage of mobility to send and receive faxes online from anywhere they can access their email or Internet. We also offer a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) compliant option to support our customers in the healthcare industry to maintain compliance with current health standards and regulations.

Small business voice services include a variety of line types available to serve customer needs. We offer a standard business local line, Centrex lines, key systems, private branch exchange (“PBX”) lines, Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) ~~and complex phone systems.~~. Additional options for our voice lines include long-distance services, and several calling features, including call waiting, call return, speed calling, caller ~~ID,~~identification, repeat dialing, three-way calling, rotary hunt, voice mail or rotary hunt voice mail. Our many voice offerings provide customers a wide range of voice solutions ~~that~~to fit the needs of our small business ~~customer voice needs.~~customers.

~~Sales and Marketing~~

Our sales and marketing strategy is focused on driving top-line revenue growth through stabilizing broadband market share while deepening speed and value-added service penetration for each broadband connection. In our Consumer & Small Business segment, our goal is to win and retain the household or business first and then expand the product participation by consulting on the appropriate speed or value-added service to enhance the experience. We employ the following principles to achieve these goals:

~~Product enhancement:~~ Faster Internet speeds and the geographic expansion of our Kinetic TV footprint deliver more value to consumer customers while growing account revenue. These products not only improve the competitiveness of our offering but drive tangible value to the customer while improving the overall account revenue profile. For small businesses, higher speeds, the introduction of SD-WAN and advanced hosted voice are increasing the value to the customer.

~~Improved customer experience:~~ Continued improvement in the customer experience for both small businesses and consumers is the key to improved retention that drives stabilized market share. We map the customer journey and target initiatives that improve the processes, systems, and policies that impact the manner in which customers interact with us and our products.

~~Product simplification:~~ We sell double and triple play bundle packages to customers at competitive price points, offering high-speed Internet voice and video services at a better value than when purchasing those services individually or from different providers. In our space, we follow a similar bundling approach utilizing voice lines and broadband (dedicated or simple) as the bundle foundation.

Sales are made through various distribution channels giving new and existing customers choices in how to interact and experience our products and services. We offer customers the opportunity to order service and purchase a number of products designed to enhance our existing services at any of our 23 retail stores located in our local service areas or via our call center based sales teams. We augment these traditional channels with online sales, national agents, telephone and direct sales representatives. We utilize a similar multi-channel approach for our Small Business sales focusing on a blend of local field sales teams and inbound/outbound call centers to serve this segment.

~~Competition~~

We experience intense competition for Consumer & Small Business services. During 2017, consumer households served decreased by approximately 85,800, or 6 percent, consumer high-speed Internet customers decreased by approximately 44,500, or 4 percent, and small business customers declined by approximately 11,600, or 8 percent. Sources of competition in our service areas include, but are not limited to, the following:

~~Cable television companies:~~ Cable television providers are aggressively offering high-speed Internet, voice and video services in the majority of our service areas. These services are typically bundled and offered to our customers at competitive prices. It is not unusual to see aggressive broadband pricing to win the household. For small business customers, cable providers leverage discounted TV and broadband pricing to win larger bundles of service.

~~Wireless carriers:~~ Wireless providers primarily compete for voice services in our markets. Consumers continue to disconnect voice service in favor of wireless service. In addition, wireless companies continue to expand their high-speed Internet offerings which does, in some instances, provide another alternative for customers, intensifying the level of competition in our markets.

~~Communications carriers:~~ We are required to lease our facilities and capacity to other communications carriers. These companies compete with us by providing voice and high-speed Internet services to both consumers and small businesses located in our ILEC footprint. Additionally, some of the more populated service areas are experiencing new-market entry by communications carriers who are building out their own network to compete for high-speed Internet services.

Approximately 26 percent of our footprint does not have a cable broadband provider. Our focus to upgrade our infrastructure and deploy premium Internet speeds in our Consumer & Small Business markets will improve our competitive positioning and enable us to respond to demand and competitive pressure.

To retain and grow our Consumer & Small Business customer base, we are committed to providing our customers with exceptional service by offering faster broadband speeds and value-added services, while also offering the convenience of bundling those services with voice and video services.

~~WINDSTREAM ENTERPRISE & WHOLESALE~~

~~Our Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale business unit consists of our Enterprise and Wholesale operating segments.~~

~~ENTERPRISE SEGMENT~~

The Enterprise business segment provides advanced network communications and technology solutions to businesses across the U.S. During 2017, the Enterprise business generated $2.9 billion in revenue and $577 million in contribution margin.

~~Strategy~~

The strategy for our Enterprise business segment is to increase contribution margin near term and over time, grow revenue by expanding our portfolio of next-generation products, expand our metro fiber and fixed wireless network assets, reduce costs and improve the customer experience. As one of the country’s largest service providers with a nationwide network and broad portfolio of next-generation solutions, coupled with a highly responsive service model, we are well positioned to enable our customers transition to the cloud.

We target mid and large-size enterprise customers that consider their network and communication infrastructure as critical in operating their business. We support some of the most demanding IT organizations within the retail, healthcare, financial services,

manufacturing, government and education sectors. We will continue to sharpen our focus on these markets in offering solutions tailored to enable businesses to compete more effectively in the digital economy.

We believe we can continue to drive meaningful improvements in our Enterprise margins by pro-actively migrating our existing customers to new solutions and by attracting new business customers seeking network upgrades required to support their expanding digital strategies.

~~Services and Products~~

The drivers of demand are a result of Enterprise businesses transforming their own IT infrastructure to move workloads to the cloud, ensure cloud application performance, improve employee productivity and enhance data security, among other strategic imperatives. Our new portfolio of solutions is uniquely well positioned to support these enterprise IT imperatives. As the network evolves into the platform for how business gets done, our customers increasingly value our tailored solution-design process and dedicated service support model. They subscribe to services such as SD-WAN, UCaaS, Contact Center as a Service (“CCaaS”), fiber transport connectivity to major cloud ecosystems, network security and other managed network services.

~~Integrated voice and data services~~: Our integrated services deliver voice and data over a single connection, which helps our customers manage voice and data usage and related costs. These services are delivered over an Internet connection, as opposed to a traditional voice line, and can be managed through equipment at the customer premise or through hosted equipment options, both of which we are able to provide.

~~Multi-site networking~~: Our advanced network provides private, secure multi-site connections for large businesses with multiple locations. Our core growth networking products include SD-WAN”, multiprotocol label switching (“MPLS”), Ethernet - Local Area Network (“LAN”) and Wavelength connectivity solutions.

~~UCaaS, CCaaS and hosted voice~~: Our robust UCaaS, CCaaS and hosted voice solution portfolio leverages the latest technology to enable our customers to improve productivity and avoid the upfront capital expense associated with costly PBX systems. OfficeSuite® is an award-winning cloud-based, hosted-voice solution that includes a fully featured phone system, and real-time audio and video communications available from the office phone, computer or on the go with connected smart devices.

~~Core Data Transport Services~~: We will continue to make investments to expand our fiber and fixed wireless networks in metro markets and into other third-party data center facilities. We will also continue to invest in upgrading the capabilities and reach of our core Ethernet services. Through our cloud connectivity offering, we provide secure and highly-scalable connectivity to several cloud ecosystems including Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) and Microsoft Azure. We will continue to expand connectivity to additional cloud ecosystems throughout 2018.

~~Managed services~~: We provide a breadth of managed services, for both our core networking and UCaaS services, that allow our customers information technology (“IT”) organizations to focus on other mission critical activities.

~~High-speed Internet: We offer a range of high-speed broadband Internet access options providing reliable connections designed to help our customers reduce costs and boost productivity.~~

~~Traditional Voice: Voice services consist of basic telephone services, including voice, long-distance and related features delivered over a traditional copper line.~~

Sales and Marketing

Our sales and marketing strategy is focused on driving top-line revenue growth through stabilizing broadband market share while deepening speed and value-added service penetration for each broadband connection. In our Kinetic segment, our goal is to win and retain the household or business first and then expand the product participation by consulting on the appropriate speed or value-added services to enhance the experience. We employ the following principles to achieve these goals:

•

Product enhancement: Faster Internet speeds and the geographic expansion of our Kinetic TV footprint deliver more value to consumer customers while growing account revenue. These products not only improve the competitiveness of our offering but drive tangible value to the customer while improving the overall account revenue profile. For small businesses, higher speeds, the introduction of SD-WAN and OfficeSuite® are increasing the value to the customer.


•	Improved customer experience: Continued improvement in the customer experience for both small businesses and consumers is the key to improved retention that drives stabilized market share. We map the customer journey and target initiatives that improve the processes, systems, and policies that impact the manner in which customers interact with us and our products.


•	Product simplification: We sell double and triple play bundle packages to customers at competitive price points, offering high-speed Internet, voice and video services at a better value than when purchasing those services individually or from different providers.

Sales are made through various distribution channels giving new and existing customers choices in how to interact and experience our products and services. We offer customers the opportunity to order service and purchase a number of products designed to enhance our existing services at any of our retail stores located in our local service areas or via our call center-based sales teams. We augment these traditional channels with online sales, national agents, telephone and direct sales representatives. We utilize a similar multi-channel approach for our small business sales focusing on a blend of local field sales teams and inbound/outbound call centers to serve this segment.

Competition

We experience intense competition for Kinetic services. During 2019, consumer households served decreased by approximately 9,900, or 1 percent and small business customers declined by approximately 7,800, or 7 percent. As noted earlier, consumer high-speed Internet customers increased by approximately 28,300, or 3 percent, driven by our ability to offer faster speeds at competitive prices, Sources of competition in our service areas include, but are not limited to, the following:


•	Cable television companies: Cable television providers are aggressively offering high-speed Internet, voice and video services in the majority of our service areas. These services are typically bundled and offered to our customers at competitive prices. For small business customers, cable providers leverage discounted TV and broadband pricing to win larger bundles of service.


•	Wireless carriers: Wireless providers primarily compete for voice services in our markets. Consumers continue to disconnect voice service in favor of wireless service. In addition, wireless companies continue to expand their high-speed Internet offerings, which may provide another alternative for customers, intensifying the level of competition in our markets.

•

Communications carriers: We are required to provide access to our facilities and capacity to other communications carriers. These companies compete with us by providing voice and high-speed Internet services to both consumers and small businesses located in our ILEC footprint. Additionally, some of the more populated service areas are experiencing new-market entry by communications carriers who are building their own networks to compete for high-speed Internet services.

Approximately 40 percent of our footprint has no national cable overlap. Our focus on upgrading our infrastructure and deploy premium Internet speeds in our Kinetic markets will improve our competitive positioning and enable us to respond to demand and competitive pressure.

To retain and grow our Kinetic customer base, we are committed to providing our customers with exceptional service by offering faster broadband speeds and value-added services, while also offering the convenience of bundling those services with voice and video services.

WINDSTREAM ENTERPRISE SEGMENT

The Enterprise business segment provides advanced network communications and technology solutions to businesses across the continental U.S. During 2019, the Enterprise business generated $2.7 billion in revenue and $519.4 million in contribution margin.

Strategy

The traditional network services industry is in transition, driven by the emergence of cloud services and applications. As a result, there is an incredible demand for bandwidth, and as the acceleration of this dynamic continues, businesses are finding that there is a “tipping point” where legacy services no longer support their needs. Cloud-based applications are changing the way customers consume networks by leveraging software-based solutions to improve service levels, lower costs and increase productivity and efficiencies. Windstream Enterprise helps businesses transition from legacy network-based products to today’s transformative digital/software/cloud-based managed technology solutions.

The strategy for our Enterprise business segment is to increase contribution margin, and over time, grow revenue by expanding our portfolio of next-generation products. In addition, we will expand our metro fiber and fixed wireless network assets, reduce costs and improve the customer experience. As one of the country’s largest service providers with a nationwide network and broad portfolio of next-generation solutions, coupled with a highly responsive service model, we are well positioned to enable our customers transition to the cloud.

We will continue to exploit opportunities to leverage our own network facilities to reduce third-party network access costs. We will also continue to improve employee productivity with targeted system and process enhancements. To grow profitability, we are focused on leveraging the latest technology to offer next-generation products that deliver significant value to our customers while also generating strong incremental sales margins. SD-WAN, Unified Communication as a Service (“UCaaS”), OfficeSuite® and related network access products and services comprise our strategic next-generation solutions where we are seeing significant sales and revenue growth. We ended 2019 with 3,200 SD-WAN customers under contract which represent over 27,000 endpoint locations. We remain the largest SD-WAN service provider in the country. We now have 550,000 UCaaS seats installed in our Enterprise customer base, as our OfficeSuite® sales pipeline continues to expand. Our strategic product portfolio experienced 38 percent growth in revenue in 2019 compared to the prior year and now represents more than 13 percent of our total Enterprise service revenues. In addition, we expect to improve operating efficiencies and enhance the customer experience by further integrating our internal processes in sales, service delivery, customer care and repair. Furthermore, we continue to follow an aggressive expense management and capital efficient strategy to drive reductions in network access costs, create on-network sales opportunities and improve our competitiveness in the marketplace.

Services and Products

dedicated service support model. They subscribe to services such as SD-WAN, UCaaS, Contact Center as a Service (“CCaaS”), fiber transport connectivity to major cloud ecosystems, network security and other managed network services.


•	SD-WAN: Our next-generation technological wide-area network solution, SD-WAN, ensures optimal application performance irrespective of the underlying transport and allows for business continuity as well as routing control via a customer-facing portal.

•

UCaaS, CCaaS and hosted voice: Our robust UCaaS, CCaaS and hosted voice solution portfolio leverages the latest technology to enable our customers to improve productivity and avoid the upfront capital expense associated with costly PBX systems. OfficeSuite® is an award-winning cloud-based, hosted-voice solution that includes a fully featured phone system, and real-time audio and video communications available from the office phone, computer or on the go with connected smart devices.


•	Multi-site networking: Our advanced network provides private, secure multi-site connections for large businesses with multiple locations. Our core growth networking products include SD-WAN, multiprotocol label switching (“MPLS”), Ethernet - Local Area Network (“LAN”) and Wavelength connectivity solutions.

•

Core Data Transport Services: We will continue to make investments to expand our fiber and fixed wireless networks in metro markets and into other third-party data center facilities. We will also continue to invest in upgrading the capabilities and reach of our core Ethernet and Wavelength services. Through our cloud connectivity offering, we provide secure and highly-scalable connectivity to several cloud ecosystems including Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) and Microsoft Azure. We will continue to expand connectivity to additional cloud ecosystems throughout 2019.


•	Integrated voice and data services: Our integrated services deliver voice and data over a single connection, which helps our customers manage voice and data usage and related costs. These services are delivered over an Internet connection, as opposed to a traditional voice line, and can be managed through equipment at the customer premise or through hosted equipment options.


•	Managed services: We provide a breadth of managed services, for both our core networking and UCaaS services, that allow our customers IT organizations to focus on other mission critical activities.


•	High-speed Internet: We offer a range of high-speed broadband Internet access options providing reliable connections designed to help our customers reduce costs and boost productivity.


•	Traditional Voice: Voice services consist of basic telephone services, including voice, long-distance and related features delivered over traditional copper lines.

Sales and Marketing

Our Enterprise sales organization is extensive, with sales offices throughout the United States with more than ~~500~~400 sales professionals focused on meeting the needs of our customers.

Sales and marketing activities are conducted through:

the direct sales force, which accounts for the majority of our new sales;

our dedicated customer advocate team, who focus on pro-actively supporting, retaining and growing existing customers as their needs evolve over time;

our indirect sales channel, which partners with third-party dealers who sell directly to customers; and

third-party agents, who refer sales of our products and services to our direct sales force.

Competition

The market for enterprise customers is highly competitive. We believe we are well-positioned to gain market share within the mid and large-size enterprise segment based upon our ability to leverage new product capabilities to capitalize on significant industry growth trends: metro and long haul data transport to support cloud connectivity; customer migration from MPLS to hybrid SD-WAN and from premise based PBX to UCaaS; and growing needs for network based security to meet compliance standards. Our national network and expanded product portfolio are complemented by our agility in providing solutions tailored to the unique needs of key verticals - retail, healthcare, commercial banking and hospitality.

Our primary competitors are other communications providers. These providers offer similar services, from traditional voice to advanced data and technology services using similar facilities and technologies as we do, and they compete directly with us for customers of all sizes.

We are focused on improving the customer experience and investing in our network and service offerings to provide our customers with the most technologically advanced solutions available. We believe that many of our largest competitors are focused primarily on serving the largest global enterprises and as a result are increasingly under-serving the middle market. Accordingly, we rely on scalable, customizable solutions and a service model tailored to the mid-market customers to meet their network and communications needs.

WINDSTREAM WHOLESALE SEGMENT

The Wholesale segment leverages our nationwide network to provide ~~100 Gbps~~high-capacity bandwidth and transport services to wholesale customers, including telecom companies, content providers, ~~and~~ cable, international and other network operators. The Wholesale business segment produced ~~$757~~$362.2 million in ~~annual revenue~~service revenues and ~~$530~~fiber sales and $260.8 million in contribution margin in ~~2017.~~2019.

Strategy

Our Wholesale strategy focuses on monetizing our network investment in strategic, high-traffic locations to drive new sales through the connection of our long-haul network from carrier hotels, international landing stations and data centers to our high fiber density markets. Our sales team continues to target high-growth areas including content, international and cable television providers. Our fiber network connects common interconnection points in tier one locations to our tier two and three markets, enabling our customers to reach their end users through unique and diverse routes. ~~Including network assets acquired through our 2017 acquisitions, our fiber network spans approximately 150,000 route miles of fiber.~~ We have made significant investments in our network adding route miles and new access points to provide advanced Wave and Metro Ethernet Forum (“MEF”) Ethernet services. Our fiber network spans over 164,000 route miles of fiber across the United States. Furthermore, advancing the service capabilities of our fiber network through Windstream’s use of ~~SDN~~software-defined networking (“SDN”) will provide our customers with the ability to dynamically configure and control their data networks.

To maintain our contribution margins in our Wholesale business, we will continue to leverage our network assets, offer advanced products and solutions, target our core customers and control costs through our disciplined approach to capital and expense ~~management~~.management.

Services and Products

Wholesale services provide network bandwidth to other telecommunications carriers, network operators, and content providers. These services include ~~special access services, which provide access and network transport services to end users,~~ Ethernet and Wave transport up to 100 Gbps, and dark fiber and colocation services. Wholesale services also include fiber-to-the-tower connections to support the wireless backhaul market. In addition, we offer voice and data carrier services to other communications providers and to larger-scale purchasers of network capacity. Customers manage these services via our customer-facing self-service portals enabling accuracy and efficiency.

Sales and ~~marketing~~Marketing

Our sales and marketing efforts are designed to differentiate us from our competitors by providing services in underserved markets with a superior customer experience. Our teams are integrated with the Engineering organization to build and provide customized network solutions for our customers. Our sales and customer support staff are aligned to work closely with each customer to ensure that the customer’s specific business needs are met. Whether servicing content providers, cable operators, data centers or other communication services providers who require single or multiple circuit connections or may not have sufficient transport network to support their immediate needs, our goal is to exceed customer expectations by providing ~~personalized~~tailored service and solutions.

Competition

The market for carrier services is highly competitive as continued merger and acquisition activity has resulted in fewer customers and intensified pricing pressure. To improve competitiveness and expand new sales opportunities, we have invested in our network and introduced SDN orchestration to meet the growing demand for 10 Gbps and 100 Gbps bandwidth. Through upgraded network presence in key interconnection points, we are capable of providing Ethernet access and Wave transport services to rural markets, often on unique and diverse routes. By providing a superior customer experience through our customer-facing portal and with advanced SDN network technology, we are well-positioned to attract new business and increase market share.

~~CLEC CONSUMER SEGMENT~~

Our CLEC Consumer segment primarily consists of the former EarthLink consumer Internet business residing outside of our ILEC footprint. During 2017, this segment generated revenue of $175.9 million and contribution margin of $89.0 million.

We classify our CLEC Consumer segment revenue in two categories: (1) access services, which include dial-up and high-speed Internet access services; and (2) value-added services, which include revenues from ancillary services sold as add-on features to our Internet access services, such as security products, premium email, home networking and email storage; search revenues; and advertising revenues.

Our CLEC Consumer strategy is focused on improving contribution margin trends by growing profitable customer relationships and managing costs. To moderate revenue and contribution margin declines and maximize profitability, we are focused on retaining customers, selling incremental services to existing customers and targeting new sales in select markets.

Products and services provided to our consumer customers include nationwide Internet access, both dial-up and high speed. We also offer on-line back-up, managed web design, web hosting and various email services to consumer customers.

~~Similar to our Consumer & Small Business operations, we experience competition from cable television companies and other communications services providers in areas served by our CLEC Consumer segment.~~

See Note 1518 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to ~~the~~this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional financial information regarding our operating segments.

REGULATION

We are subject to regulatory oversight by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) for particular interstate matters and state public utility commissions (“PUCs”) for certain intrastate matters. We are also subject to various federal and state statutes that direct such regulations. We actively monitor and participate in proceedings at the FCC and PUCs and engage federal and state legislatures on matters of importance to us. We receive federal and state Universal Service Fund (“USF”) revenues, ~~CAF~~such as Connect America Fund (“CAF”) Phase

II ~~support, and funds received from federal access recovery mechanisms (“ARM”).~~support. These revenues are included in the operating results of our segments. USF revenues are government subsidies designed to partially offset the cost of providing ~~wireline~~ services in high-cost areas. CAF Phase II funding is administered by the FCC for the purpose of expanding and supporting broadband service in rural areas and effectively replaces frozen USF support in those states in which we elected to receive CAF Phase II funding, as further described below. The ARM is additional federal universal service support available to help mitigate revenue losses from inter-carrier compensation reform not covered by the access recovery charge (“ARC”), a monthly charge assessed to customers established by the FCC.

In August 2015, we notified the FCC of our acceptance of CAF Phase II support of approximately $175 million per year for a six year period to fund the deployment of voice and high-speed Internet capable infrastructures for eligible locations in 17 of the 18 states in which we are the incumbent provider, declining only the annual statewide funding in New Mexico because our projected cost to comply with the FCC’s deployment requirements greatly exceeded the funding offer. The ~~CAF Phase II support for~~FCC announced the 17 states we accepted substantially replaces funding we received under the federal USF high-cost support program. We will still be eligible to participate in a competitive bidding process for CAF Phase II support in New Mexico, along with other interested eligible competitors. The FCC recently finalized rules for the competitive bidding process and stated that it expects to conduct the process during the third quarterwinners of ~~2018. We will continue to receive annual USF support in New Mexico frozen at 2011 levels until the~~its CAF Phase II competitive bidding process ~~is complete.~~in August 2018. Windstream was not awarded any bids.

In January 2020, the FCC approved the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (“RDOF”) program, which will succeed CAF Phase II. The FCC will conduct a two-phase reverse auction to award $20.4 billion in funding. Phase I will award $16 billion and Phase II will award $4.4 billion. The Phase I auction will begin on October 22, 2020 and no date for the Phase II auction has been determined. In addition to the auction format and details, the FCC’s January action extended Windstream’s receipt of CAF Phase II annual funding ($175 million) through 2021. Windstream plans to actively pursue the opportunities offered through RDOF.

Windstream has actively engaged in policy advocacy in various FCC proceedings that address the rates, terms and conditions for access to the “last-mile” facilities (i.e., business data services (“BDS”) and unbundled network elements (“UNEs”)) we need to serve retail business customers through our competitive companies. For decades, these services were subject to price caps and other FCC regulation to control ILEC market power and historical advantages.

In April 2017, the FCC adopted comprehensive reforms to its ~~policies governing business data~~BDS rules (“BDS Order”) and, after an appeal by Windstream, on August 28, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit (the “Court”) generally upheld the FCC’s rules but vacated and remanded the FCC’s finding that transport was sufficiently competitive to deregulate based on a lack of adequate notice. In response to the 8th Circuit’s remand, on October 2, 2018, the FCC issued a Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking proposing to deregulate transport services, (“BDS”). We use BDS to, among other things, connect our national and city-based fiber network with customers for whom we do not have our own facilities serving their locations. These leased services have beenwhich they later approved subject to ~~price caps and other FCC regulation for decades to maintain historical ILEC market advantages. Despite evidence to the contrary provided by Windstream and other carriers, the FCC found~~a transition period that the markets for packet-based services, and for TDM-based last-mile inputs in the vast majority of areas, are competitive and prices need not be regulated. Windstream, along with several other companies, has filed an appeal in federal court of the rules, which went into effectwill end on August 1, ~~2017.~~2020.

Additionally, on May 4, 2018, the United States Telecommunications Association (“USTA”) filed a Petition for Forbearance Pursuant to 47 U.S.C. Sec. 160(c) to Accelerate Investment in Broadband and Next-Generation Networks with the FCC. Among other requests, USTA, on behalf of some of its members, sought relief from the requirement to provide unbundled network elements (“UNEs”) and resale discounts to other telecommunications providers. At ~~this time, we are unable~~its July 10, 2019 Open Meeting, the FCC, as part of the same Order granting BDS transport forbearance, granted forbearance from DS1 and DS3 UNE transport obligations, subject to ~~predict~~a three-year transition ending August 2, 2022.

Windstream is pursuing a strategy to accelerate the ~~impact~~transition of ~~these~~its customers from TDM to packet-based services, which is consistent with the underlying goal of the FCC’s reform of BDS and UNEs, and current market trends. However, the BDS reforms ~~on Windstream, but the reform~~and UNE proceedings could negatively impact Windstream ~~as a result of higher expense~~due to increased expenses to purchase ~~deregulated BDS,~~business data services and UNEs, the need for greater capital investments to retain our competitiveness, and increased customer and revenue ~~churn.~~churn due to increasing prices.

From time to time, federal and state legislation is introduced dealing with various matters that could affect our business. Most proposed legislation of this type never becomes law. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict what kind of legislation, if any, may be introduced and ultimately become law. For additional information on these and other regulatory items, please refer to the “Regulatory Matters” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

No single customer, or group of related customers, represented 10 percent or more of our annual operating revenues during the three-year period ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

SEASONALITY

Our business is not subject to significant seasonal fluctuations.

NETWORK

~~As further discussed below under “Material Dispositions”, in April 2015,~~Our network organization’s focus is to create a consistent excellent customer experience through targeted initiatives and investments while simultaneously reducing our costs through network optimization, vendor negotiations and consolidation. Additionally, the team continues to assess emerging technologies to lead our go-forward product sets, improve our customer experience and drive network efficiencies.

We are redefining the way we ~~completed~~design and operate our network to meet the ~~spin-off~~rapidly evolving digital needs of our customers. We have redirected our network strategy toward being more software-centric as we focus on creating and managing software-defined customer solutions, while fostering an agile, innovative culture to quickly deliver the right solutions to our customers. Across our 164,000 miles of fiber optic network, we maintain a calibrated balance between building future network capabilities and ~~copper networks~~maintaining the valued legacy network elements to further enhance network diversity and ~~other real estate,~~reliability.

The transport layer of our network has been strategically designed into ~~an independent, publicly traded real estate investment trust~~multiple domains, consisting of access, metro, metro-core and ~~entered into an agreement~~long-haul. Our investments to ~~leaseback~~modernize the network ~~assets. Following the spin-off, we exclusively operate a robust, flexible network allowing~~will enable us to ~~deliver advanced voice~~provide software-defined solutions that are more efficient to deploy and ~~data services. Our~~operate. Software-developed tools will also create efficiencies and improve reliability for legacy network ~~consists of approximately 150,000 miles of fiber-optic plant in both our fiber backbone and local service areas and a combination of owned and leased facilities in our local markets.~~elements.

The ~~fiber transport~~next generation IP layer contains segmentation of critical elements and routes, producing extremely high-levels of availability between core and edge routers. Similar architectures exist at the higher layers as well, as we regionalize and diversify video, VOIP, security, and SD-WAN network elements. Multi-layer orchestration has been (and will continue to be) developed to effectively reduce cycle time while improving the reliability of the process.

For those opportunities where we ~~operate is fully integrated and allows us~~have limited network assets, strategic service agreements are implemented for last-mile connections to ~~offer a full suite of voice and advanced data services, including, but not limited~~extend our ability to ~~multi-site networking, dedicated Internet and Ethernet solutions, high-speed Internet and VoIP services.~~

~~In certain territories, we~~ serve the business customers ~~by leasing last-mile connections from other carriers.~~that are not located directly on our network. These connections link our business customers to our facilities-based network. In areas in which we operate last-mile facilities, we are able to connect to our customers directly. Through the last-mile facilities we operate, we are able to offer up to 100 Gbps of Ethernet managed services.

The local networks we operate consist of central office digital switches, routers, loop carriers and virtual and physical colocations interconnected primarily with fiber and copper facilities. A mix of fiber-optic and copper facilities connect our customers with the core network.

~~The map below reflects our extensive national footprint spanning approximately 150,000 fiber miles:~~

~~The map below reflects our Tier 1 and 2 IP~~ network and ~~highlights our Software Defined Networking orchestration “Cloud Core” nodes. or connection points for our cloud-computing and data transmission services:~~products.

MATERIAL ACQUISITIONS

~~ACQUISITIONS COMPLETED IN 2017~~

On July 28, 2017, Windstream Holdings completed its merger with Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. ~~and its subsidiaries~~ (“Broadview”), a leading provider of cloud-based unified communications solutions to small and medium-sized ~~businesses.~~businesses and offers a broad suite of cloud-based services. Broadview’s proprietary OfficeSuite® and unified communications platforms are complementary to our existing SD-WAN product offering. In addition, Broadview has an experienced sales force and strong channel partner program, which we will leverage to sell unified communications services across our small business and mid-market enterprise customer bases. In the merger, Windstream added approximately 20,000 small and medium-sized business customers and approximately 3,000 incremental route fiber miles. Windstream Services paid $69.8 million in cash to Broadview shareholders and assumed $160.2

million of Broadview’s short-term debt obligations, which Windstream Services subsequently repaid. The transaction was valued at approximately $230.0 million.

On February 27, 2017, Windstream Holdings completed its merger with EarthLink Holdings Corp. ~~and its subsidiaries~~ (“EarthLink”), a leading provider of data, voice and managed network services to retail and wholesale business customers and nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers. In the merger, Windstream added approximately 700,000 customers and approximately 16,000 incremental route fiber miles. In effecting the merger, each share of EarthLink common stock was exchanged for ~~.818~~.1636 shares of Windstream Holdings common ~~stock.~~stock, on a post-reverse stock split basis. In the aggregate, Windstream Holdings issued approximately 9318.6 million shares of its common stock and assumed approximately ~~$435~~$435.3 million of EarthLink’s long-term debt, which we subsequently refinanced, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.1 billion.

In completing these acquisitions, we have increased our operating scale and scope giving us the ability to offer customers expanded products, services and enhanced enterprise solutions over an extensive national footprint now spanning approximately ~~150,000~~164,000 fiber route miles. We also ~~expect to achieve~~achieved operating and capital expense synergies in integrating the operations of Broadview and EarthLink. For additional information regarding these acquisitions ~~including our refinancing of EarthLink’s long-term debt,~~ see ~~Notes 3 and 6~~Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

MATERIAL DISPOSITIONS

Sale of Consumer CLEC Business - On December 31, 2018, we completed the sale of substantially all of our consumer competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) business to an affiliate of Trive Capital Fund III LLP and nQue Technologies for $320.9 million in cash, net of a working capital adjustment. The consumer operations sold consisted solely of the former EarthLink consumer business that we acquired in February 2017.

Sale of Data Center Business - On December 18, 2015, we completed the sale of a substantial portion of our data center business to TierPoint LLC (“TierPoint”) for $575.0 million in cash. In the transaction, TierPoint acquired 14 of Windstream’s 27 data centers, including data centers located in Arkansas, Illinois, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. The remaining data centers retained by us are primarily shared colocation facilities. As part of the transaction, we established an ongoing reciprocal strategic partnership with TierPoint, allowing both companies to sell their respective products and services to each other’s prospective customers through referrals.

Spin-off of Certain Network and Real Estate Assets - On April 24, 2015, we completed the spin-off of certain telecommunications network assets, including our fiber and copper networks and other real estate, into an independent, publicly traded real estate investment trust. The spin-off also included substantially all of our consumer CLEC business as of that time. The telecommunications network assets consisted of copper cable and fiber optic cable lines, telephone poles, underground conduits, concrete pads, attachment hardware (e.g., bolts and lashings), pedestals, guy wires, anchors, signal repeaters, and central office land and buildings, with a net book value of approximately $2.5 billion at the time of spin-off. We requested and received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service on the qualification of the spin-off as a tax-free transaction and the designation of the telecommunications network assets as real estate.

Pursuant to the plan of distribution and immediately prior to the effective time of the spin-off, we contributed the telecommunications network assets and the consumer CLEC business to Uniti ~~Group, Inc. (“Uniti”)~~ formerly Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream, in exchange for: (i) the issuance to Windstream of Uniti common stock of which 80.4 percent of the shares were distributed on a pro rata basis to Windstream’s stockholders, (ii) cash payment to Windstream in the amount of $1.035 billion and (iii) the distribution by Uniti to Windstream of approximately $2.5 billion of Uniti debt securities. After giving effect to the interest in Uniti retained by Windstream, each Windstream Holdings shareholder received one share of Uniti for every five shares of Windstream Holdings common stock in the form of a tax-free dividend. On April 24, 2015, following the completion of the spin-off, we transferred the Uniti debt securities and cash to two investment banks, in exchange for approximately $2.5 billion of debt securities of Windstream Services held by the investment banks.

As of the spin-off date, excluding restricted shares held by Windstream employees and directors, Windstream retained a passive ownership interest in approximately 19.6 percent of the common stock of Uniti. In two separate transactions completed in June 2016, Windstream Services transferred all of its shares of Uniti common stock to its bank creditors in exchange for the retirement of $672.0 million of aggregate borrowings outstanding under its revolving line of credit and to satisfy transaction-related expenses.

~~For additional information regarding the spin-off, see Notes 5 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.~~

~~ELIMINATION OF COMMON STOCK DIVIDEND~~

On August 3, 2017, our board of directors elected to eliminate our quarterly common stock dividend of $.15 per share commencing in the third quarter of 2017. As a result, our last quarterly dividend was paid on July 17, 2017 to shareholders of record on June 30, 2017. Our capital allocation practices can be changed at any time at the discretion of our board of directors.

MANAGEMENT

Staff at our headquarters and regional offices supervise, coordinate and assist subsidiaries in management activities including investor relations, acquisitions and dispositions, corporate planning, tax planning, cash and debt management, accounting, insurance, sales and marketing support, government affairs, legal matters, human resources and engineering services.

EMPLOYEES

At December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~12,979~~11,080 employees, of which ~~1,223~~1,358 employees are part of collective bargaining units. During ~~2017,~~2019, we had no material work stoppages due to labor disputes with our unionized employees (see Item 1A, “Risk Factors”).

MORE INFORMATION

Our web site address is www.windstream.com. We file with, or furnish to, the ~~Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)~~SEC annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as well as various other information. The public may read and copy any materials filed by us with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. This information can also be found on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. In addition, we make available free of charge through the Investor Relations page on our web site our annual reports, quarterly reports, and current reports, and all amendments to any of those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after providing such reports to the SEC. In addition, in the “Corporate Governance” section of the Investor Relations page on our web site, we make available our code of ethics, the Board of Directors’ Amended and Restated Corporate Governance Board Guidelines, and the charters for our Audit, Compensation, and Governance Committees. We will provide to any stockholder a copy of the Code of Ethics, Governance Board Guidelines and the Committee charters, without charge, upon written request to Investor Relations, Windstream Holdings, Inc., 4001 Rodney Parham Road, Little Rock, Arkansas 72212.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We claim the protection of the safe-harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ~~Forward-looking~~This report contains various forward-looking statements which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including, without limitation, our future performance, our ability to comply with the covenant in the agreements governing our indebtedness and the availability of capital and terms thereof. Statements expressing expectations and projections with respect to future matters are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We caution that these forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and are subject to ~~uncertainties that~~many variables which could ~~cause actual~~impact our future events and results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the benefits of the mergers with EarthLink and Broadview, including future financial and operating results, projected synergies in operating and capital expenditures and the timing of achieving the synergies reduction in net leverage, and improvement in our ability to compete; our ability to improve our debt profile and reduce interest costs, including through repurchases of our debt; our cost reduction activities, including, but not limited to, workforce reductions and network cost optimization; our ability to defend claims made by one or more noteholders that Windstream Services is in alleged default pursuant to a certain indenture governing a series of senior notes; expectations regarding our network investments to improve financial performance and increase market share; expectations regarding revenue trends, sales opportunities, improving margins in, and the directional outlook of, our business segments; expectations regarding the benefits of our updated business unit structure; stability and growth in adjusted OIBDA; statements regarding our 2018 operational priorities; expected levels of support from universal service funds or other government programs; expected rates of loss of consumer households served or inter-carrier compensation; expected increases in high-speed Internet and business data connections, including increasing availability of higher Internet speeds and services utilizing next generation technology for customers; expectations regarding expanding enhanced

services related to Internet speeds, Kinetic and 1 Gbps services to more locations due to network upgrades and expanding our fiber network; expectations regarding sales and trends of strategic products for business customers; our expected ability to fund operations; expected required contributions to our pension plan and our ability to make contributions utilizing our common stock; the completion and benefits from network investments related to the Connect America Fund to fund the deployment of broadband services and capital expenditure amounts related to these investments; anticipated capital expenditures and certain debt maturities from cash flows from operations; and expected effective federal income tax rates and our ability to utilize certain net loss operating carryforwards and the length of time we have to utilize under the 2017 Tax Act.performance. These ~~and other forward-looking~~ statements are ~~based~~made on the basis of management's views, estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions, ~~that we believe~~as of the time the statements are ~~reasonable but are not guarantees of~~made, regarding future events and results. There can be no assurance, however, that management's expectations will necessarily come to pass. Actual future events and our results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors.

~~Factors that~~A wide range of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in our forward-looking statements, ~~include, among others:~~including, but not limited to:

adverse changes in economic, political or market conditions in the areas that we serve, the U.S. and globally, including but not limited to, changes resulting from epidemics, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases, including the COVID-19 global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, or other adverse public health developments;

potential adverse impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic on our employees’ health, safety, and their opportunities to perform job tasks due to social distancing or working remotely, on the performance of our network, on our relationships with our current or prospective customers and vendors and their abilities to perform under current or proposed arrangements with us, and on our supply chain;

risks and uncertainties relating to the Chapter 11 Cases, including completion of our Chapter 11 Cases and timing of our emergence from the bankruptcy process that is dependent on several factors, including approval of our Plan of Reorganization and obtaining necessary regulatory approvals related to the emergence process, and the impact of these risks and uncertainties on our business;

our ability to obtain Bankruptcy Court approval with respect to our Plan of Reorganization, that includes any Plan supplements or exhibits, or any of our motions filed in the Chapter 11 Cases from time to time;

our ability to pursue our business strategies during the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases;

our ability to generate sufficient cash to fund our operations during the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases;

our ability to implement a business plan;

the ~~cost savings~~diversion of management's attention as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases;

increased levels of employee attrition as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases;

our ability to continue as a going concern;

volatility of our financial results as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases;

the conditions to which our debtor-in-possession financing is subject to and ~~expected synergies from~~ the ~~mergers with EarthLink and Broadview~~risk that these conditions may not be ~~fully realized or may take longer to realize than expected;~~satisfied for various reasons, including for reasons outside of our control;

the integration of Windstream and EarthLink and Broadview may not be successful, may cause disruption in relationships with customers, vendors and suppliers and may divert attention of management and key personnel;

the impact of any challenge by creditors or other parties to our proposed Plan of Reorganization and previously completed transactions or other restructuring issues, along with risks associated with our ability to defend motions filed presenting these challenges;

the ~~Federal Communications Commission’s comprehensive business data services reforms that may result in greater~~potential adverse effects of the Chapter 11 Cases on our liquidity or results of operations and increased legal and other professional costs necessary to execute our reorganization;

trading price and volatility of our common stock, including the stock trading on the OTC Pink Sheets as maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc.;

our substantial debt could adversely affect our cash flow and impair our ability to raise additional capital ~~investments and customer and revenue churn because of possible price increases by our ILEC suppliers for certain services we use to serve customer locations where we do not have facilities;~~on favorable terms;

the potential for incumbent carriers to impose monetary penalties for failure to meet specific volume and term commitments under their special access pricing and tariff plans, which Windstream uses to lease last-mile connections to serve its retail business data service customers, without FCC action;

the impact of the FCC’s comprehensive business data services reforms that were confirmed by an appellate court, which may result in greater capital investments and customer and revenue churn because of possible price increases by our ILEC suppliers for certain services we use to serve customer locations where we do not have facilities;

the impact of new, emerging or competing technologies and our ability to utilize these technologies to provide services to our customers;

the alleged ability of one or more purported noteholders to establish that transactions related to the spin-off of certain assets in 2015 into a publicly-traded real estate investment trust allegedly violated certain covenants in existing indentures governing certain outstanding senior notes alledgedly allowing the noteholders to seek to accelerate payment under the indentures;

the benefits of our current capital allocation strategy, which may be changed at anytime at the discretion of our board of directors, and certain cost reduction activities may not be fully realized or may take longer to realize than expected, or the implementation of these initiatives may adversely affect our sales and operational activities or otherwise disrupt our business and personnel;

~~the availability and cost of financing in the corporate debt markets;~~

unanticipated increases or other changes in our future cash requirements, whether caused by unanticipated increases in capital expenditures, increases in pension funding requirements, or otherwise;

for certain operations where we ~~lease~~utilize facilities ~~from~~owned by other carriers, adverse ~~effect~~seffects on the availability, quality of service, price of facilities and services provided by other carriers on which our services depend;

our election to accept ~~state-wide~~statewide offers under the FCC’s Connect America Fund, Phase II, and the impact of such election on our future receipt of federal universal service funds and capital expenditures, and any return of support received pursuant to the ~~program;~~program or future versions of the program implemented by the FCC, including but not limited to the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund;

our ability to make ~~rent~~ payments under the ~~master lease to~~current or future arrangements with Uniti, which may be affected by results of operations, changes in our cash requirements, cash tax payment obligations, or overall financial position;

~~further adverse changes in economic conditions in the markets served by us;~~

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the extent, timing and overall ~~effect~~seffects of competition in the communications business;

unfavorable rulings by state public service commissions in current and further proceedings regarding universal service funds, ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation or other matters that could reduce revenues or increase expenses;

material changes in the communications industry that could adversely affect vendor relationships with equipment and network suppliers and customer relationships with wholesale customers;

~~the impact of recent adverse changes in the ratings given to our debt securities by nationally accredited ratings organizations and the potential for additional adverse changes in the future;~~

earnings on pension plan investments significantly below our expected ~~long term~~long-term rate of return for plan assets or a significant change in the discount rate or other actuarial assumptions;

unfavorable results of litigation or intellectual property infringement claims asserted against us;

the risks associated with ~~non-compliance~~noncompliance by us with regulations or statutes applicable to government programs under which we receive material amounts of end-user revenue and government subsidies, or ~~non-compliance~~noncompliance by us, our partners, or our subcontractors with any terms of our government contracts;

the ~~effect~~seffects of federal and state legislation, and rules and regulations, and changes thereto, governing the communications industry;

~~continued loss of consumer households served and consumer high-speed Internet customers;~~

the impact of equipment failure, natural disasters or terrorist acts; and

the ~~effect~~seffects of workstoppages by our employees or employees of other communications companies on whom we rely for ~~service; and~~

service.

~~those additional factors under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report and in subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov.~~

In addition to these factors, actual future performance, outcomes and results may differ materially because of more general factors including, among others, general industry and market conditions and growth rates, economic conditions, and governmental and public policy changes.

We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The foregoing review of factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in the forward-looking statements should be considered in connection with information regarding risks and uncertainties that may ~~affect~~ our future results included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Chapter 11 Reorganization

We are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with Chapter 11 proceedings.

For the duration of our Chapter 11 proceedings, our operations and our ability to develop and execute our business plan are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with bankruptcy, including the following:

our ability to confirm and consummate a Chapter 11 plan or alternative restructuring transaction, that may be challenged by certain of our creditors or other third parties, and obtain the necessary regulatory approvals allowing us to emerge from bankruptcy;

our ability to obtain court approval with respect to motions filed in Chapter 11 Cases from time to time;

our ability to maintain our relationships with our suppliers, service providers, customers, employees and other third parties;

our ability to continue to invest in our business, which could hurt our competitiveness;

our ability to enter into or maintain contracts that are critical to our operations at competitive rates and terms;

our ability to execute our business plan;

our ability to maintain acceptable and appropriate financing;

the ability of third parties to seek and obtain court approval to terminate contracts and other agreements with us;

the ability of third parties to seek and obtain court approval to terminate or shorten the exclusivity period for us to propose and confirm a Chapter 11 plan, to appoint a Chapter 11 trustee, or to convert the Chapter 11 Cases to Chapter 7 cases; and

the actions and decisions of our creditors and other third parties who have interests in our Chapter 11 Cases that may be inconsistent with our plans.

These risks and uncertainties could affect our business and operations in various ways, such as adversely impacting our relationships with our suppliers, service providers, customers, employees and other third parties, which in turn could adversely affect our operations and financial condition. Also, we need the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court for transactions outside the ordinary course of business, which may limit our ability to respond timely to certain events or take advantage of certain opportunities.

Because of the risks and uncertainties associated with our Chapter 11 proceedings, we cannot accurately predict or quantify the ultimate impact of events that will occur during our Chapter 11 proceedings that may be inconsistent with our plans.

Operating under Chapter 11 may restrict our ability to pursue our business strategies.

Under Chapter 11, transactions outside the ordinary course of business will be subject to the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court, which may limit our ability to respond in a timely manner to certain events or take advantage of certain opportunities. We must obtain Bankruptcy Court approval to, among other things:

engage in certain transactions with our vendors;

buy or sell assets outside the ordinary course of business;

consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets;

grant liens; and

finance our operations, investments or other capital needs or to engage in other business activities that would be in our interest.

Adverse publicity in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases or otherwise could negatively affect our businesses.

Adverse publicity or news coverage relating to us, including, but not limited to, publicity or news coverage in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, may negatively impact our efforts to establish and promote name recognition and a positive image after emergence from the Chapter 11 Cases.

The Chapter 11 Cases limit the flexibility of our management team in running our business.

While we operate our businesses as debtor-in-possession under supervision by the Bankruptcy Court, we are required to obtain the approval of the Bankruptcy Court and, in some cases, certain lenders prior to engaging in activities or transactions outside the ordinary course of business. Bankruptcy Court approval of non-ordinary course activities entails preparation and filing of appropriate motions with the Bankruptcy Court, negotiation with the creditors’ committee and other parties-in-interest and one or more hearings. The creditors’ committees and other parties-in interest may be heard at any Bankruptcy Court hearing and may raise objections with respect to these motions. This process may delay major transactions and limit our ability to respond quickly to opportunities and events in the marketplace. Furthermore, in the event the Bankruptcy Court does not approve a proposed activity or transaction, we would be prevented from engaging in activities and transactions that we believe are beneficial to us.

Our senior management team and other key personnel may not be able to execute the business plans as currently developed, given the substantial attention required of such individuals by the Chapter 11 Cases.

The execution of our business plans depends on the efforts of our senior management team and other key personnel to execute our business plans. Such individuals may be required to devote significant efforts to the prosecution of the Chapter 11 Cases, thereby potentially impairing their abilities to execute our business plans. Accordingly, our business plans may not be implemented as anticipated, which may cause its financial results to materially deviate from the current projections.

The pursuit of the bankruptcy filing has consumed and will continue to consume a substantial portion of the time and attention of our management, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, and we may face increased levels of employee attrition.

Our management was required to spend a significant amount of time and effort focusing on the various workflows necessary for these Chapter 11 Cases. This diversion of attention may materially adversely affect the conduct of our business, and, as a result, our financial condition and results of operations, particularly if a Chapter 11 plan is not confirmed. During the continued pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases, our employees are facing distraction and uncertainty and we may experience increased levels of employee attrition. We are highly dependent on the continuing efforts of our executive officers and other personnel as our executive officers have substantial experience and expertise in our industry and have made significant contributions to our business. Uncertainty as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel, and loss of key personnel or material erosion of employee morale could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet customer expectations and could require the incurrence of substantial additional costs to recruit replacement personnel, thereby adversely affecting our business and results of operations. In addition, we could experience losses of customers who may be concerned about our long-term viability.

As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, our financial results may be volatile and may not reflect historical trends.

During the Chapter 11 Cases, we expect our financial results to be volatile as restructuring activities and expenses, contract terminations and rejections, and claims assessments significantly impact our consolidated financial statements. As a result, our historical financial performance is likely not indicative of our financial performance after the date of the bankruptcy filing. In addition, if we emerge from Chapter 11, the amounts reported in subsequent consolidated financial statements may materially change relative to historical consolidated financial statements, including as a result of revisions to our operating plans pursuant to a plan of reorganization. We also may be required to adopt fresh start accounting upon emergence, in which case our assets and liabilities will be recorded at fair value as of the fresh start reporting date, which may differ materially from the recorded values of assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Our financial results after the application of fresh start accounting also may be different from historical trends.

We may be unable to comply with restrictions or with budget, liquidity or other covenants imposed by the agreements governing the DIP financing and our other financing arrangements. Such non-compliance could result in an event of default under the terms of the DIP financing that, if not cured or waived, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The agreements governing our debtor-in-possession (the “DIP”) financing impose a number of restrictions on us. Specifically, the terms of the credit agreement governing the DIP financing impose certain obligations including, among other things, affirmative covenants requiring us to provide financial information, budgets and other information to the agent under the DIP financing, and negative covenants restricting our ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, dispose of assets, pay dividends or take certain other actions, in each case except as permitted in by the terms of the DIP financing. Our ability to borrow under the DIP financing is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent. Covenants of the DIP facility include general affirmative covenants, as well as negative covenants such as prohibiting us from incurring or permitting debt, investments, liens or dispositions unless specifically permitted. Failure to comply with these covenants would result in an event of default under the DIP facilities and permit the lenders thereunder to accelerate the loans and otherwise exercise remedies under the loan documentation for the DIP facilities. Our ability to comply with these provisions may be affected by events beyond our control and our failure to comply or obtain a waiver in the event we cannot comply with a covenant could result in an event of default under the agreements governing the DIP financing and our other financing arrangements.

We may not be able to obtain confirmation of a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization.

To emerge successfully from Bankruptcy Court protection as a viable entity, we must meet certain statutory requirements with respect to adequacy of disclosure related to the plan of reorganization, solicit and obtain the requisite acceptances of such a plan and fulfill other statutory conditions for confirmation of such a plan, which have not occurred to date. The confirmation process is subject to unanticipated potential delays, including a delay in the Bankruptcy Court’s commencement of the confirmation hearing regarding our plan of reorganization.

We may not receive the requisite acceptances of constituencies in the Chapter 11 proceedings to confirm our plan of reorganization. Even if the requisite acceptances of our plan of reorganization are received, the Bankruptcy Court may not confirm such a plan. The precise requirements and evidentiary showing for confirming a plan, notwithstanding its rejection by one or more impaired classes of claims or equity interests, depends upon a number of factors, including, without limitation, the status and seniority of the claims or equity interests in the rejecting class (i.e., unsecured claims or secured claims, subordinated or senior claims).

If a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization is not confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court, it is unclear whether we would be able to reorganize our business and what, if anything, holders of claims against us would ultimately receive with respect to their claims.

Even if a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization is consummated, we will continue to face risks.

Even if a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization is consummated, we will continue to face a number of risks, including certain risks that are beyond our control, such as further deterioration or other changes in economic conditions, changes in our industry and potential revaluing of our assets due to the Chapter 11 Cases. Some of these concerns and effects typically become more acute when a case under the Bankruptcy Code continues for a protracted period without indication of how or when the case may be completed. As a result of these risks and others, there is no guarantee that any plan of reorganization will achieve our stated goals.

Furthermore, we cannot predict the ultimate amount of all settlement terms for the Debtors’ liabilities that will be subject to a plan of reorganization. Even if our debts are reduced or discharged through a plan of reorganization, we may need to raise additional

funds through public or private debt or equity financing or other various means to fund our business after the completion of the Chapter 11 process. Adequate funds may not be available when needed or may not be available on favorable terms. Even once a plan of reorganization is implemented, our operating results may be adversely affected by the possible reluctance of customers to do business with a company that recently emerged from bankruptcy proceedings.

Operating under Bankruptcy Court protection for a long period of time may harm our business.

Our future results are dependent upon the successful confirmation and implementation of a plan of reorganization. The length of time our operations remain under Bankruptcy Court protection could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

If the proceedings related to the Bankruptcy Filings continue for a longer period than anticipated, customers and suppliers may lose confidence in our ability to reorganize our business successfully and will seek to establish alternative commercial relationships.

Furthermore, so long as the Chapter 11 proceedings continue, we will be required to incur substantial costs for professional fees and other expenses associated with the administration of the Chapter 11 proceedings. If we require additional debtor-in-possession financing and are unable to obtain it on favorable terms or at all, our chances of successfully reorganizing our business may be seriously jeopardized, the likelihood that we instead will be required to liquidate our assets may be enhanced, and, as a result, any securities in us could become further devalued or become worthless. Furthermore, we cannot predict the ultimate amount of all settlement terms for the liabilities that will be subject to a plan of reorganization. Even once a plan of reorganization is approved and implemented, our operating results may be adversely affected by the possible reluctance of prospective lenders and other counterparties to do business with a company that recently emerged from Chapter 11 proceedings.

Third parties may propose competing Chapter 11 plans of reorganization and we may receive unsolicited offers for Windstream or our assets.

Chapter 11 gives us the exclusive right to file a plan of reorganization during the first 120 days after filing. That period can be extended for cause up to a total of 18 months from the Petition Date with approval of the Bankruptcy Court. While we intend to conclude our Chapter 11 Cases during this “exclusivity period”, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so. There is also no assurance that a plan of reorganization we propose will be approved by the requisite creditors and the Bankruptcy Court. After the expiration of the exclusivity period, third parties can file one or more Chapter 11 plans of reorganization for the Debtors. An alternative plan of reorganization could contemplate Windstream continuing as a going concern, Windstream being broken up, Windstream or its assets being acquired by a third party, Windstream being merged with a competitor or some other proposal. We may not believe that such an alternative plan of reorganization is in our stakeholders’ best interests or fully values the benefits to be achieved by our reorganization. If we cannot successfully obtain approval of our plan of reorganization during the exclusivity period, we may have limited ability to prevent an alternative plan of reorganization from being approved by the Bankruptcy Court.

Companies in Chapter 11 are often the target of unsolicited merger and acquisition offers, and there is no guarantee that we will emerge from Chapter 11 as a standalone company. An unsolicited proposal or alternative plan of reorganization could potentially delay our emergence from Chapter 11 and expose us to a number of other risks, including potential limitations on our ability to execute our business plan and strategic initiatives; difficulties in hiring, retaining and motivating key personnel; negative reactions among our employees, vendors, strategic partners and service providers; a failure to provide stakeholders full value for the benefits that could be achieved by Windstream post-emergence on a stand-alone basis; and unease and uncertainty among our customer base. In addition, any potential transaction proposed during Chapter 11, even if we decided such transaction was in our best interest, would be expressly subject to Bankruptcy Code requirements and Bankruptcy Court approval.

In certain specific instances, including, if we are not able to obtain confirmation of a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization, if current financing is insufficient, or if exit financing is not available, a Chapter 11 case may be converted to a case under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, and may result in significant smaller distributions to our creditors than under a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization.

In order to successfully emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, we must develop and obtain confirmation of a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization by the Bankruptcy Court. There can be no assurance that we will be able to confirm a plan of reorganization that will permit us to emerge from bankruptcy and continue operations. There can be no assurance that our access to liquidity, including funds available from our DIP financing and amounts of cash from future operations, will be sufficient to fund ongoing operations.

If the Bankruptcy Court finds, after much consideration, that it would be in the best interest of creditors and/or us, the Bankruptcy Court could convert our Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases to cases under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. In such event, a Chapter 7 trustee would be appointed or elected to liquidate our assets for distribution in accordance with the priorities established by the Bankruptcy Code. We believe that liquidation under Chapter 7 would result in significantly smaller distributions being made to our creditors than those provided for in a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization because of (i) the likelihood that the assets would have to be sold or otherwise disposed of in a disorderly fashion over a short period of time rather than reorganizing or selling in a controlled manner our business as a going concern, (ii) additional administrative expenses involved in the appointment of a Chapter 7 trustee, and (iii) additional expenses and claims, some of which would be entitled to priority, that would be generated during the liquidation and from the rejection of leases and other executory contracts in connection with a cessation of operations.

We may be subject to claims that will not be discharged in the Chapter 11 Cases, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The Bankruptcy Code provides that the confirmation of a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization discharges a debtor from substantially all debts arising prior to confirmation. With few exceptions, all claims that arose prior to the Petition Date, or before confirmation of the Chapter 11 plan of reorganization (i) would be subject to compromise and/or treatment under the Chapter 11 plan of reorganization and/or (ii) would be discharged in accordance with the terms of the Chapter 11 plan of reorganization. Any claims not ultimately discharged through the Chapter 11 plan of reorganization could be asserted against the reorganized entities and may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations on a post-reorganization basis.

Our cash flows may not provide sufficient liquidity during the Chapter 11 Cases. Our long-term liquidity requirements and the adequacy of our capital resources are difficult to predict at this time.

Our ability to fund our operations and our capital expenditures require a significant amount of cash. Our principal sources of liquidity historically have been cash flow from operations, borrowing capacity under the senior secured revolving credit facility and issuances of other debt. If our cash flow from operations decreases, we may not have the ability to expend the capital necessary to improve or maintain our current operations, resulting in decreased revenues over time.

We face uncertainty regarding the adequacy of our liquidity and capital resources and have extremely limited, if any, access to additional financing. In addition to the cash requirements necessary to fund ongoing operations, we have incurred significant professional fees and other costs in connection with preparation for the Chapter 11 proceedings and expect that we will continue to incur significant professional fees and costs throughout our Chapter 11 proceedings. In addition, we must comply with the covenants of our DIP financing in order to continue to access our borrowings thereunder. We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with the covenants of our DIP financing or that cash on hand and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to continue to fund our operations and allow us to satisfy our obligations related to the Chapter 11 Cases until we are able to emerge from our Chapter 11 Cases.

Our liquidity, including our ability to meet our ongoing operational obligations, is dependent upon, among other things: (i) our ability to comply with the terms and conditions of our DIP financing agreements, (ii) our ability to comply with the terms and conditions of any cash collateral order that may be entered by the Bankruptcy Court in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, (iii) our ability to maintain adequate cash on hand, (iv) our ability to generate cash flow from operations, (v) our ability to develop, confirm and consummate a Chapter 11 plan or other alternative restructuring transaction and (vi) the cost, duration and outcome of the Chapter 11 Cases.

If we have substantial indebtedness upon emergence from Chapter 11, it may adversely affect our financial health and operating flexibility.

Upon emergence from Chapter 11, we may have substantial indebtedness that could have important consequences to us, including:

limiting our ability to borrow additional amounts for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy or other purposes;

limiting our ability to use operating cash flow in other areas of our business because we must dedicate a substantial portion of these funds to service debt;

increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions, including increases in interest rates, particularly given our substantial indebtedness which bears interest at variable rates;

limiting our ability to capitalize on business opportunities and to react to competitive pressures; and

limiting our ability or increasing the costs to refinance indebtedness.

Trading in our securities during the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases is highly speculative and poses substantial risks. It is possible our common stock will be canceled and that holders of such common stock will not receive any distribution with respect to, or be able to recover any portion of, their investments.

It is too early to determine if our Chapter 11 plan of reorganization will allow for distributions with respect to our common stock. It is possible that our common stock will be canceled and extinguished upon the approval of the Bankruptcy Court and the holders thereof would not be entitled to receive, and would not receive or retain, any property or interest in property on account of such equity interests. In the event of a cancellation of our common stock, amounts invested by such holders in our outstanding common stock will not be recoverable. Consequently, our currently outstanding common stock would have no value. Trading prices for our common stock are very volatile and may bear little or no relationship to the actual recovery, if any, by the holders of such securities in the Chapter 11 Cases. Accordingly, we urge that extreme caution be exercised with respect to existing and future investments in our equity securities and any of our other securities.

Our common stock was delisted from NASDAQ and is currently traded on the OTC Pink Sheets market maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc., which involves additional risks compared to being listed on a national securities exchange.

Trading in our common stock was suspended and removed from listing on NASDAQ on March 6, 2019. We will not be able to relist our common stock on a national securities exchange during our Chapter 11 process, although our common stock is now quoted on the OTC Pink Sheets market maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc. under the trading symbol “WINMQ.” The lack of an active market may impair the ability of holders of our common stock to sell their shares at the time they wish to sell them or at a price that they consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value of the shares of our common stock. Furthermore, because of the limited market and generally low volume of trading in our common stock, the price of our common stock could be more likely to be affected by broad market fluctuations, general market conditions, fluctuations in our operating results, changes in the markets’ perception of our business, and announcements made by us, our competitors, parties with whom we have business relationships or third parties with interests in the Chapter 11 Cases.

Risks Relating to Our Business

The ~~following discussion~~operation of ~~“Risk Factors” identifies~~our business could be disrupted by the ~~most~~outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, which could result in adverse impacts to our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, a pandemic and a public health emergency of international concern, and the United States declared a national emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has, and future pandemics could, negatively impact the global economy, disrupt global supply chains and create significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, we cannot predict the impact of it on us, and there is no guarantee that our efforts to address adverse impacts of COVID-19 will be effective.

State and jurisdictions throughout the United States, including those in which we operate, have adopted laws, rules, regulations or decrees intended to address the COVID-19 outbreak, including implementing travel restrictions, closing non-essential businesses and/or restricting daily activities, and lifting of these restrictions remains open. COVID-19, as well as any future pandemic, could negatively impact our operations and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, (i) an increase in operating costs, decrease in inventory and/or a decrease in productivity related to travel bans and social distancing effort, and disruptions to our employees, (ii) a disruption or delay in our operations, network performance, network maintenance and construction, testing, supervisory and customer support activities, and inventory, supply, or service procurement, (iii) a decrease in the ability of our customers and vendors to meet their obligations to us in full, or at all, or otherwise seek modifications of such obligations to us, (iv) difficulties in raising debt or equity capital needed to execute our business plan or emerge from the restructuring process, due to near term and/or long-term negative effects of the pandemic on the economy and financial, banking and capital markets, and (v) the negative impact on the health of our personnel could result in a deterioration in our ability to ensure business continuity during a disruption.

While we have implemented policies and procedures designed to mitigate the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, or any future pandemic, on our operations, we may incur additional costs to ensure continuity of business operations during such pandemic that ~~may~~

could adversely affect our ~~business,~~financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. The extent to which COVID-19 could impact us will depend on future developments, such as future actions taken to contain COVID-19, development of medical treatments or financial position. This information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. The following discussion of risks is not all-inclusive but is designed to highlight what we believe are important factors to consider when evaluating our business and expectations. These factors could cause our future results to differ materially from our historical results and from expectations reflected in forward-looking statements. Additionally, this discussion should not be construed as a listing of risks by order of potential magnitude or probability to occur.

One of our noteholders has claimed that transactions relating to our spin-off of certain assets in 2015 into a publicly-traded real estate investment trust (REIT”) (“Spin-Off”) resulted in one or more defaults of certain covenants under one of our existing indentures.

On September 22, 2017, we received a purported notice of default under the indenture governing our 6.375 percent senior notes due 2023 (the “2013 Indenture”) from a purported holder of the senior notes, which alleged that we had breached certain covenants under the 2013 Indenture, primarily that the Spin-Off constituted a sale and leaseback transaction (as defined in the 2013 Indenture) which was not in compliance with the 2013 Indenture, and, in connection with the Spin-Off, we made a restricted payment (as defined in the 2013 Indenture) during the pendency of the alleged defaults. On December 7, 2017, the purported holder issued a notice of acceleration claiming that the principal amount, along with accrued interest, was due and payable immediately.

Although we do not believe that any default under the 2013 Indenture occurred and that these allegations are without merit, there can be no assurance that the noteholder will not be successful in the pursuit of its claims, currently in litigation, to obtain a court order that the principal amount of the notes issued under the 2013 Indenture is due and payable, together with accrued interest. Holders of other outstanding series of our notes could also make similar or other allegations and seek to declare an event of default and accelerate other series of our notes. Any such accelerationdevelopment of a ~~series of our outstanding notes could also allow lenders under our senior secured credit facilities to declare all funds borrowed to~~vaccine, which are highly uncertain and cannot be due and payable, to terminate their commitments thereunder, to cease making further loans, and to institute foreclosure proceedings against their collateral. Any such actions may result in an outcome that could have a material adverse impact on our business, operations and financial conditions as well as our stakeholders, as any such actions could force us to seek bankruptcy protection or liquidation. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, we may expend significant management time and attention and funds to defend against such claims.predicted.

Our board of directors ~~elected to eliminate~~eliminated our quarterly common stock dividend commencing in the third quarter of 2017 as part of our ~~newly~~ revised capital allocation strategy. We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. As a result, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

On August 3, 2017, our board of directors elected to eliminate our quarterly common stock dividend commencing in the third quarter of 2017, and we do not currently expect to declare or pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. ~~Instead, we intend to use the cash savings from the elimination of the quarterly dividend payment to repay certain of our debt obligations.~~ Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, restrictions imposed by any covenants in our then existing debt instruments or imposed by our then existing indebtedness, restrictions imposed by applicable law, general business conditions and other factors considered relevant by our board of directors. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless the market price of our common stock appreciates and you sell it for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

~~We may deviate from our current capital allocation strategy.~~

We believe that our capital allocation strategy, including our plan to use the cash savings from the elimination of the quarterly dividend payment for debt reduction, will benefit our stockholders over time and lower our cost of capital. However, there is no assurance that our current capital allocation strategy will have a beneficial impact on our stock price, enhance stockholder value or lower our cost of capital. Implementation of our capital allocation strategy depends on the interplay of different factors, including, but not limited to, our stock price, the interest rates on our debt and the rate of return on available investments. If these factors are not conducive to implementing our revised capital allocation strategy, or we determine that adopting a different capital allocation

strategy is in the best interest of stockholders, we reserve the right to deviate from this approach. There can be no assurance that we will not deviate from or adopt an alternative capital allocation strategy moving forward.

~~We may be unable to fully realize expected benefits from our recent mergers with EarthLink and Broadview.~~

We expect to achieve substantial operating and capital synergies and cost savings as a result of our mergers with EarthLink Holdings Corp. and Broadview Holdings, Inc. If we are unable to successfully integrate the businesses, or integrate them in a timely fashion, we may face material adverse effects including, but not limited to:

•~~diversion of the attention of management and key personnel and potential disruption of our ongoing businesses;~~

•~~customer losses;~~

•~~the loss of quality employees from EarthLink and Broadview;~~

•~~adverse developments in vendor relationships;~~

•~~declines in our results of operations and financial condition; and~~

•~~a decline in the market price of our common stock.~~

Even if we successfully integrate the businesses, there can be no assurance that the integration will result in the realization of the full benefit of the anticipated synergies and cost savings or that these benefits will be realized within the expected time frames.

Competition in our business markets could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We serve business customers in markets across the country, competing against other communications providers and cable television companies for business customers. Competition in our business markets could adversely affect growth in business revenues and ultimately have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Our ability to compete effectively depends in part on our ability to achieve a competitive cost structure during the Chapter 11 Cases. If we are unable to compete ~~effectively,~~effectively, we may be forced to lower prices or increase our sales and marketing expenses. In addition, we may need to continue to make significant capital expenditures to keep up with technological advances and offer competitive services. For additional information, see the risk factor “Rapid changes in technology could affect our ability to compete for business customers.”

In certain markets where we serve business customers, we ~~lease~~purchase significant amounts of network capacity to provide service to our customers. We ~~lease~~utilize these facilities ~~from~~owned by other companies competing directly with us for business customers. For additional information, see the risk factor “In certain operating territories, we are dependent on other carriers to provide facilities which we use to provide service to our customers.”

Our substantial debt could adversely affect our cash flow and impair our ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $6,099.3 million long-term debt outstanding, all of which has been classified as current in our consolidated balance as of that date due to the adverse court ruling discussed above. The commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases described above also constituted an event of default obligations under our debt instruments, including the indentures governing our notes and our credit agreement. Any efforts to enforce payment obligations under our debt instruments are automatically stayed as a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases and the holders’ rights of enforcement are subject to the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code.

In connection with filing the Chapter 11 Cases, we have obtained DIP financing. The agreements governing the DIP financing impose a number of restrictions on us. Specifically, the terms of the credit agreements governing the DIP financing impose certain obligations including, among other things, affirmative covenants requiring us to provide financial information, budgets and other information to the agent under the DIP financing, and negative covenants restricting our ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, dispose of assets, pay dividends or take certain other actions, in each case except as permitted in by the terms of the DIP financing. Our ability to borrow under the DIP financing is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent. Covenants of the DIP facility include general affirmative covenants, as well as negative covenants such as prohibiting us from incurring or permitting debt, investments, liens or dispositions unless specifically permitted. Failure to comply with these covenants would result in an event of default under the DIP facilities and permit the lenders thereunder to accelerate the loans and otherwise exercise remedies under the loan documentation for the DIP facilities. Our ability to comply with these provisions may be affected by events beyond our control and our failure to comply or obtain a waiver in the event we cannot comply with a covenant could result in an event of default under the agreements governing the DIP financing and our other financing arrangements.

In addition, because the Chapter 11 Cases are ongoing and there can be no assurance as to the outcome of the Chapter 11 Cases, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as: refinancing or restructuring our debt, selling assets, reducing or

delaying capital investments, or seeking to raise additional capital. Our inability to pay off our debt obligations and our inability to obtain alternative financing due to the Chapter 11 Cases could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Additionally, we must obtain Bankruptcy Court approval for these actions, which will place us at a competitive disadvantage and limit our flexibility to react to changes in our business or our industry. See “Risks Related to Chapter 11 Reorganization”.

Rapid changes in technology could affect our ability to compete for business customers.

The technology used to deliver communications services has changed rapidly in the past and will likely continue to do so in the future. If we are unable to keep up with such changes and leverage next generation technology, we may not be able to offer competitive services to our business customers. This could adversely affect our ability to compete for business customers, which, in turn, would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Cyber security incidents could have a significant operational and financial impact.

We store customers’ proprietary business information in our facilities through our colocation, managed services and cloud computing services and we maintain certain sensitive customer and employee information in our financial and operating systems. While we have implemented data security polices and other internal controls to safeguard and protect against misuse or loss of this information, if data were compromised through a cyber security incident, it could have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We have implemented network and data security policies and other internal controls to safeguard and protect against malicious interference with our networks and information technology infrastructure and related systems and technology, as well as misappropriation of data and other malfeasance through our information security initiatives and processes, but we cannot completely eliminate the risk associated with these types of occurrences. As part of our information security processes that are regularly reviewed by management and monitored by the Audit Committee, we continue to adapt to new threats, but increasing incidents of unsuccessful and successful “cyber attacks”, such as computer hacking, dissemination of computer viruses and denial of service attacks, as well as misappropriation of data, pose growing risks of a significant effect on our results of operations and financial condition and we cannot fully predict the evolution of such threats.

In certain operating territories and/or at certain locations, we are dependent on other carriers to provide facilities that we use to provide service to our customers.

In certain markets and/or at certain locations, especially where we provide services to businesses, we may ~~lease~~purchase a significant portion of our network capacity from other carriers. These carriers may compete directly with us for customers. The prices for network services are contained in tariffs, interconnection agreements, and negotiated contracts. Terms, conditions and pricing for tariff network services may be changed, but they must be approved by the appropriate regulatory agency before they go into effect. For network service purchased pursuant to interconnection agreements, the rates, terms and conditions included therein are approved by state commissions while other network services, such as some high-capacity Ethernet services, may be obtained through commercial contracts subject to limited government oversight.

The availability and pricing of network services purchased via commercial agreements are subject to change without regulatory oversight. For interconnection agreement-based network services, if an agreement cannot be negotiated and we have to invoke binding arbitration by a state regulatory agency, that process is expensive, time consuming, and the results may not be favorable to us. In addition, rates for network services set forth above are susceptible to changes in the availability and pricing of the provider’s facilities and services. In the event a provider becomes legally entitled to deny or limit access to capacity (or already is, as is the case with respect to certain services) or if state commissions allow the providers to increase rates for tariffed or interconnection agreement-based rates, we may not be able to effectively compete. In addition, some carriers may seek to impose monetary penalties if we cannot meet specific volume and term commitments that are part of pricing plans. ~~Finally,~~Also, if the provider does not adequately maintain or timely install these facilities, despite legal obligations, our service to customers may be adversely affected. Finally, negative events associated with our Chapter 11 Cases could adversely affect our relationship with carriers. See “Risks Related to Chapter 11 Reorganization”. As a result of all these items, our competitive position, our operations, financial condition and operating results could be materially affected.

~~Increases in broadband usage may cause network capacity limitations, resulting in service disruptions or reduced capacity for customers.~~

Video streaming services and peer-to-peer file sharing applications use significantly more bandwidth than traditional Internet activity such as web browsing and email. As these services continue to add content and features and utilization rates of the services continue to grow, our high-speed Internet customers may use much more bandwidth than in the past. If this occurs, we could be required to make significant capital expenditures to increase network capacity to avoid service disruptions or reduced capacity for customers.

Alternatively, we may choose to implement reasonable network management practices to reduce the network capacity available to bandwidth-intensive activities during certain times in market areas experiencing congestion, and these actions could negatively affect customer experience and increase customer churn.

While we believe demand for these services may drive customers to pay for faster Internet speeds offered as part of our premium services, we may not be able to recover the costs of the necessary network investments. This could result in an adverse impact to our results of operations and financial condition.

Disruptions and congestion in our networks and infrastructure may cause us to lose customers and incur additional expenses.

Our customers depend on reliable service over our network. Some of the risks to our network infrastructure include physical damage to lines, security breaches, capacity limitations, power surges or outages, software defects and disruptions beyond our control, such as natural disasters and acts of terrorism. From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we will experience

disruptions in our service due to factors such as cable damage, inclement weather and service failures of our third-party service providers. Additionally, we could face disruptions due to capacity limitations as a result of changes in our customers’ high-speed Internet usage patterns, resulting in a significant increase in the utilization of our network.

We could experience more significant disruptions in the future. Disruptions may cause interruptions in service or reduced capacity for customers, either of which could cause us to lose customers or incur additional expenses or capital expenditures. Such results could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Continuous increases in broadband usage may cause network capacity limitations, resulting in service disruptions or reduced capacity for customers.

Broadband consumption continues to increase, and, as a result, we could be required to make significant capital expenditures to increase network capacity to avoid service disruptions or reduced capacity for customers.

A change in ownership may limit our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards.

If Windstream experiences ~~a 50 percent or greater change in ownership involving shareholders owning 5 percent or more~~an “ownership change” within the meaning of ~~its stock,~~Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (an “Ownership Change”), it could adversely impact Windstream’s ability to utilize its existing net operating loss carryforwards. In general, an Ownership Change will occur when the percentage of Windstream’s common stock beneficially owned by one or more “5-percent shareholders” (as defined under IRC Section 382) increases by more than 50 percent at any time during the prior three years (calculated on a rolling basis). Under the rules of IRC Section 382, such beneficial ownership is calculated with reference to direct, indirect, and constructive ownership. The inability to utilize existing net operating loss carryforwards ~~would~~could significantly increase the amount of ~~Windstream's~~Windstream’s annual cash taxes ~~reducing~~required to be paid and reduce the overall amount of cash available to be used in other areas of Windstream’s business, including after Windstream emerges from the ~~business.~~Chapter 11 Cases.

In September 2015, Windstream’s board of directors adopted a shareholder rights plan ~~(the “Rights Plan”),~~ under which Windstream shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 28, 2015 received one preferred share purchase right for each share of common stock ~~outstanding.~~outstanding (the “Rights Plan”) and Windstream entered into a 382 Rights Agreement with Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Rights Agreement”). The Rights Plan ~~was approved by shareholders at the Annual Meeting held on May 12, 2016. The Rights Plan~~ is also designed to protect Windstream’s net operating loss carryforwards from the effect of ~~limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), if~~ an ownership change should occur in the future. In general, an ownership change will occur when the percentage of Windstream’s ownership by one or more “5-percent shareholders” (as defined under IRC Section 382) has increased by more than 50 percent at any time during the prior three years (calculated on a rolling basis).Ownership Change. Pursuant to the Rights Plan, if a shareholder (or group) acquires beneficial ownership of 4.9 percent or more of ~~the outstanding shares of~~ Windstream’s common stock without prior approval ~~of our Board of Directors~~ or ~~without~~ meeting certain ~~customary~~ exceptions,

~~the rights would become exercisable and entitle~~ shareholders (other than the acquiring shareholder or group) would be entitled to purchase additional shares of Windstream at a significant discount, ~~and result~~resulting in significant dilution in the economic ~~interest~~interests and voting power of the acquiring shareholder or ~~group. Although the Rights Plan is intended to reduce the likelihood of an “ownership change” that could adversely affect us, there is no assurance that the restrictions on transferability~~group in ~~the Rights Plan will prevent all transfers that could result in such an “ownership change.”~~Windstream. The Rights ~~Plan~~Agreement was amended ~~by the Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement, dated~~on November 5, 2016, to confirm that any EarthLink shareholder that became a 4.9 percent or greater shareholder of the combined company as a result of the merger is exempt and the ownership does not trigger implementation of the Rights Plan unless the shareholder acquires additional shares of common stock.

~~Windstream may seek~~ The Rights Agreement was further amended on August 7, 2018 to ~~amend the Rights Plan in the future, requiring approval by shareholders. If not approved, Windstream would lose the benefits provided by the Rights Plan as~~extend its term to September 17, 2021, but the Rights Plan will ~~terminate~~no longer be in effect after we emerge from the Chapter 11 Cases.

On February 28, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s Chapter 11 cases, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York entered an order approving certain notification and hearing procedures for transfers of, and declarations of worthlessness with respect to, beneficial ownership of common stock (the “Order”). The Order is designed to protect Windstream’s net operating loss carryforwards from the effect of a premature Ownership Change and to preserve Windstream’s ability to rely on certain favorable rules that can apply to Ownership Changes occurring in connection with the implementation of a bankruptcy plan of reorganization, but we cannot guarantee that we will be able to fully protect the net operating loss carryforwards post-emergence. The Order requires “substantial shareholders” and “50-percent shareholders” (each as defined therein) and certain persons that might become a substantial shareholder or 50-percent shareholder, to provide notice before making certain transfers of beneficial ownership of common stock or declaring its beneficial ownership of stock worthless for U.S. income tax purposes,

respectively. After receiving notice, Windstream is permitted to object, whereupon such action remains ineffective pending final resolution. Any action taken in violation of such procedures is void ab initio.

We are required to make payments under the contractual arrangement with Uniti, and our ability to do so could be adversely impaired by results of our operations, changes in our cash requirements and cash tax obligations, or overall financial position; conversely, these payments could adversely affect our ability to fund our operations and growth and limit our ability to react to competitive and economic changes.

We are required to pay a portion of our cash flow from operations to Uniti pursuant to ~~its~~and subject to the terms and conditions of our contractual arrangement with Uniti. During the Chapter 11 Cases, we expect our financial results to continue to be volatile as restructuring activities and expenses can significantly impact our consolidated financial statements and affect our ability to make payments to Uniti. This obligation could impair our ability to fund our own operations, raise capital, make acquisitions and otherwise respond to competitive and economic changes may be adversely affected, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our failure to comply with the provisions of the contractual arrangement with Uniti could materially adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity.

We currently lease a significant portion of our telecommunications network assets, including our fiber and copper networks and other real estate, under the contractual arrangement with Uniti. The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases resulted in ~~September 2018.~~an event of default under this arrangement. Upon an event of default, remedies available to Uniti include terminating the arrangement and requiring us to transfer the business operations we conduct at the leased assets so terminated (with limited exceptions) to a successor tenant for fair market value pursuant to a process set forth in the arrangement, dispossessing us from the leased assets, and/or collecting monetary damages for the breach (including rent acceleration), electing to leave the arrangement in place and sue for rent and any other monetary damages, and seeking any and all other rights and remedies available under law or in equity. The exercise of such remedies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity. Due to the Chapter 11 Cases, however, Uniti’s ability to exercise remedies under contractual arrangement was stayed as of the date of the Chapter 11 petition filing. See “Risks Related to Chapter 11 Reorganization”.

If the spin-off, and certain related transactions, fails to qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we could be subject to significant tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify Uniti for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations that we entered into with Uniti.

We received a private letter ruling from the IRS (the “IRS Ruling”) to the effect that, on the basis of certain facts presented and representations and assumptions, the spin-off will qualify as tax-free under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code. Although a private letter ruling generally is binding on the IRS, if the factual representations and assumptions made are untrue or incomplete in any material respect, we will not be able to rely on the IRS Ruling. In addition, the IRS Ruling does not address certain requirements for tax-free treatment of the spin-off under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code and our use of Uniti indebtedness and common stock to retire certain of our indebtedness (the “debt exchanges”). Accordingly, the spin-off was conditioned upon the receipt of a tax opinion from our tax counsel with respect to the requirements on which the IRS did not rule, which concluded that such requirements also should be satisfied. Any change in currently applicable law, which may or may not be retroactive, or the failure of any factual representation or assumption to be true, correct and complete in all material respects, could adversely affect the conclusions reached in the tax opinion. In addition, the tax opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and the IRS and/or the courts may not agree with the tax opinion. However, if the spin-off or the debt exchanges failed to qualify as tax free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may incur significant tax liabilities that could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

While certain tax audits regarding the tax year 2015 have concluded, if the spin-off ultimately was determined to be taxable, then a shareholder that received shares of Uniti common stock in the spin-off would be treated as having received a distribution of property in an amount equal to the fair market value of such shares and could incur significant income tax liabilities. Such distribution would be taxable to such shareholder as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (including earnings and profits resulting from the recognition of gain by us in the spin-off). Any amount that exceeded our earnings and profits would be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of such shareholder’s tax basis in its shares of our common stock with any remaining amount being taxed as a capital gain. In addition, if the spin-off were determined to be taxable, we would recognize taxable gain.

Under the terms of the tax matters agreement that we entered into with Uniti, Uniti is generally responsible for any taxes imposed on us that arise from the failure of the spin-off and the debt exchanges to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, within the meaning of Section 355 and Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code, as applicable, to the extent such failure to qualify is attributable to certain actions, events or transactions relating to Uniti’s stock, indebtedness, assets or business, or a breach of the relevant representations or any covenants made by Uniti in the tax matters agreement, the materials submitted to the IRS in connection with the request for the IRS Ruling or the representations provided in connection with the tax opinion. Uniti’s indemnification obligations to us are not limited by any maximum amount and such amounts could be substantial. If Uniti were required to indemnify us, Uniti may be subject to substantial liabilities and there can be no assurance that Uniti will be able to satisfy such indemnification obligations.

In connection with the spin-off, Uniti will indemnify us and we will indemnify Uniti for certain liabilities. There can be no assurance that the indemnities from Uniti will be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that Uniti’s ability to satisfy its indemnification obligation will not be impaired in the future.

Pursuant to agreements that we entered into with Uniti in connection with the spin-off, Uniti agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, and we agreed to indemnify Uniti for certain liabilities. However, third parties might seek to hold us responsible for liabilities that Uniti agreed to retain, and there can be no assurance that Uniti will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations under these agreements. In addition, indemnities that we may be required to provide to Uniti could be significant and could adversely affect our business.

We are required to pay rent under the master lease with Uniti, and our ability to do so could be adversely impaired by results of our operations, changes in our cash requirements and cash tax obligations, or overall financial position; conversely, payment of the rent could adversely affect our ability to fund our operations and growth and limit our ability to react to competitive and economic changes.

We are required to pay a portion of our cash flow from operations to Uniti pursuant to and subject to the terms and conditions of the master lease. Our ability to pay the rent owed to Uniti could be adversely impaired by results of our operations, changes in our cash obligations and requirements, or general financial position. Additionally, our obligation to pay rent could impair our ability to fund our own operations, raise capital, make acquisitions and otherwise respond to competitive and economic changes may be adversely affected, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~Our failure to comply with the provisions of the master lease with Uniti could materially adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity.~~

We currently lease a significant portion of our telecommunications network assets, including our fiber and copper networks and other real estate, under the master lease with Uniti. Our failure to pay the rent or comply with the provisions of the master lease would result in an event of default regarding the master lease and also could result in a default under other agreements. Upon an event of default, remedies available to Uniti include terminating the master lease and requiring us to transfer the business operations we conduct at the leased assets so terminated (with limited exceptions) to a successor tenant for fair market value pursuant to a process set forth in the master lease, dispossessing us from the leased assets, and/or collecting monetary damages for the breach (including rent acceleration), electing to leave the master lease in place and sue for rent and any other monetary damages, and seeking any and all other rights and remedies available under law or in equity. The exercise of such remedies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity.

~~Cyber security incidents could have a significant operational and financial impact.~~

We store customers’ proprietary business information in our facilities through our colocation, managed services and cloud computing services. In addition, we maintain certain sensitive customer information in our financial and operating systems. While we have implemented data security polices and other internal controls to safeguard and protect against misuse or loss of this information, if their data were compromised through a cyber security incident, it could have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we have implemented network and data security policies and other internal controls to safeguard and protect against malicious interference with our networks and information technology infrastructure and related systems and technology, as well as misappropriation of data and other malfeasance, but we cannot eliminate the risk associated with these types of occurrences. As part of our information security processes that are regularly reviewed by management and monitored by the Audit Committee, we continue to adapt to new threats, but increasing incidents of unsuccessful and successful “cyber attacks”, such as computer hacking, dissemination of computer viruses and denial of service attacks, as well as misappropriation of data, pose growing risks of a significant effect on our results of operations and financial condition and we cannot fully predict the evolution of such threats.

We are subject to various forms of regulation from the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) and state regulatory commissions in the states in which we operate, which limit our pricing flexibility for regulated voice and high-speed Internet products, subject us to service quality, service reporting and other obligations and expose us to the reduction of revenue from changes to the universal service fund, the inter-carrier compensation system, or access to interconnection with competitors’ facilities.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had operating authority from each of the 48 states and the District of Columbia in which we conducted local service operations, and we are subject to various forms of regulation from the regulatory commissions in each of these areas as well as from the FCC. State regulatory commissions have jurisdiction over local and intrastate services including, to some extent, the rates that we charge and service quality standards. The FCC has primary jurisdiction over interstate services including the rates that we charge other telecommunications companies that use our network and other issues related to interstate service. In some circumstances, these regulations restrict our ability to adjust rates to reflect market conditions and may affect our ability to compete and respond to changing industry conditions.

Future revenues, costs, and capital investment in our wireline business could be adversely affected by material changes to or decisions regarding applicability of government requirements, including, but not limited to, changes in rules governing inter-carrier compensation, state and federal USF support, competition policies, and other pricing and requirements. Federal and state communications laws and regulations may be amended in the future, and other laws and regulations may affect our business. In addition, certain laws and regulations applicable to us and our competitors may be, and have been, challenged in the courts and could be changed at any time. We cannot predict future developments or changes to the regulatory environment or the impact such developments or changes would have.

In addition, these regulations could create significant compliance costs for us. Delays in obtaining certifications and regulatory approvals could cause us to incur substantial legal and administrative expenses, and conditions imposed in connection with such approvals could adversely affect the rates that we are able to charge our customers. Our business also may be affected by legislation and regulation imposing new or greater obligations related to, for example, assisting law enforcement, bolstering homeland and cyber-security, protecting intellectual property rights of third parties, minimizing environmental impacts, protecting customer privacy, or addressing other issues that affect our business.

Our operations require substantial capital expenditures, and if funds for capital expenditures are not available when needed, this could affect our service to customers and our growth opportunities.

We require substantial capital to maintain our network, and our growth strategy will require significant capital investments for network enhancements and build-out. During ~~2017,~~2019, we incurred ~~$908.6~~$878.5 million in total capital expenditures, including $49.9 million related to Project Excel and $34.5 million in incremental spend related to the acquisitions of Broadview and EarthLink. We expect to incur $750.0 million to $800.0 million in capital expenditures during 2018, excluding incremental capital spend related to the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview.expenditures. We expect to be able to fund required capital expenditures from cash generated from ~~operations.~~operations and borrowings under our DIP facilities. However, other risk factors described in this section, including relating the Chapter 11 Cases, could materially reduce cash available from operations or significantly increase our capital expenditure requirements. If this occurs, funds for capital expenditures may not be available when needed, which could affect our service to customers and our growth opportunities.

Difficulties of operating while attempting to reorganize our businesses in bankruptcy may also make it more difficult to maintain our capital expenditures. As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, we may experience collection issues with otherwise valid receivables of certain customers. Adverse resolution of these disagreements may impact our revenues and other costs of services, both prospectively and retroactively. It is too soon for us to predict with any certainty the ultimate impact of these disagreements. Many of our suppliers, vendors and service providers may require stricter terms and conditions, and we may not find these terms and conditions acceptable. In addition, we may continue to experience a loss of confidence by current and prospective suppliers, new and existing customers, landlords, employees or other stakeholders, which could make it more difficult for us to make capital expenditures and have an adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.

The level of returns on our pension plan investments and changes to the actuarial assumptions used to value our pension obligations could have a material effect on our earnings and result in material funding requirements to meet our pension obligations.

Our pension plan invests in marketable securities, including marketable debt and equity securities denominated in foreign currencies, which are exposed to changes in the financial markets. During ~~2017,~~2019, the fair market value of these investments increased from ~~$799.4~~$740.9 million to ~~$841.4~~$854.0 million primarily due to investment ~~returns~~gains of ~~$97.3~~$163.8 million and employer contributions of ~~$30.1 million. These increases were~~$15.9 million, partially offset by routine benefit payments of ~~$85.9~~$66.6 million. Returns generated on plan assets have historically funded a large portion of the benefits paid under our pension plan.

Funding requirements may increase as a result of a decline in the market value of plan assets, a decline in the interest rates used to calculate the present value of future plan obligations or government regulations that increase minimum funding requirements of the pension liability. We estimate that the ~~long term~~long-term rate of return on plan assets will be 7.0 percent, but returns below this estimate could significantly increase our contribution requirements, which could adversely affect our cash flows from operations. Also, reductions in discount rates and extensions of participant mortality rates directly increase our pension liability and expose us to greater funding obligations in the future. Our earnings reported under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) may also be adversely affected due to our method of accounting for pension costs, whereby we immediately recognize gains and losses resulting from the return on plan assets as well as other changes in actuarial assumptions impacting our discount rate and mortality estimates.

~~Our substantial debt could adversely affect our cash flow and impair our ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms.~~

As of December 31, 2017, we had $5,843.9 million long-term debt outstanding, including current maturities. We may also obtain additional long-term debt to meet future financing needs or to fund potential acquisitions, subject to certain restrictions under our existing indebtedness, which would increase our total debt. Our substantial amount of debt could have negative consequences to our business. For example, it could:

~~Increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;~~

Require us to dedicate a substantial portion of cash flows from operations to interest and principal payments on outstanding debt, thereby limiting the availability of cash flow to fund future capital expenditures, working capital and other general corporate requirements;

~~Limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the telecommunications industry;~~

~~Place us at a competitive disadvantage compared with competitors that have less debt; and~~

~~Limit our ability to borrow additional funds, even when necessary to maintain adequate liquidity.~~

In addition, our ability to borrow funds in the future will depend in part on the satisfaction of the covenants in our credit facility and its other debt agreements. If we are unable to satisfy the financial covenants contained in those agreements, or are unable to generate cash sufficient to make required debt payments, the lenders and other parties to those arrangements could accelerate the maturity of some or all of our outstanding indebtedness.

We may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or have future borrowings available under our credit facility or from other sources sufficient to enable us to make our debt payments or to fund other liquidity needs. We may not be able to refinance any of our debt, including our credit facility, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to make payments or refinance our debt, or obtain new financing under these circumstances, we would have to consider other options, such as selling assets, issuing additional equity or debt, or negotiating with our lenders to restructure the applicable debt. Our credit agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes may restrict, or market or business conditions may limit, our ability to do some of these things on favorable terms or at all.

As of February 28, 2018, Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), S&P and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) had granted Windstream the following senior secured, senior unsecured and corporate credit ratings:



~~Description~~	~~Moody’s~~	~~S&P~~	~~Fitch~~
~~Senior secured credit rating~~	B3	~~BB-~~	BB
~~Senior unsecured credit rating~~	~~Caa1~~	B-	B
~~Corporate credit rating~~	B3	B	B
~~Outlook~~	~~Negative~~	~~Negative~~	~~Negative~~

Factors that could affect our short and long-term credit ratings include, but are not limited to, a material decline in our operating results, increased debt levels relative to operating cash flows resulting from future acquisitions, increased capital expenditure requirements, or changes to our capital allocation policy. In addition, we are not currently paying down a significant amount of debt. If our credit ratings were to be downgraded from current levels, we might incur higher interest costs on future borrowings, and our access to the public capital markets could be adversely affected.

~~Tax legislation and administrative initiatives or challenges to our tax positions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.~~

The 2017 Tax Act was recently enacted as law in the United States. While we believe the overall impact of the new tax law should be favorable to Windstream long-term, we are in the process of assessing its full impact and any negative consequences on our operating result and financial condition. Additionally, we are frequently subject to routine audits by federal, state and local tax authorities. While we believe we have adequately provided for tax contingencies, these audits may result in tax liabilities that differ materially from what we have recognized in our consolidated financial statements.

Finally, legislators and regulators at all levels of government may from time to time change existing tax rules and regulations or enact new rules that could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.

Competition in our consumer service areas could reduce our market share and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We face intense competitive pressures in our consumer service areas. If we continue to lose consumer households as we have historically, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. During 2017, our consumer households declined 6.3 percent.

Sources of competition include, but are not limited to, wireless companies, cable television companies and other communications carriers. Many of our competitors, especially wireless and cable television companies, have advantages over us, including substantially larger operational and financial resources, larger and more diverse networks, less stringent regulation and superior brand recognition. For additional discussion regarding competition, see “Competition” in Item 1.

Cable television companies have aggressively expanded in our consumer markets, offering voice and high-speed Internet services in addition to video services. Some of our customers have chosen to move to cable television providers for their voice, high-speed Internet and television bundles. Cable television companies are subject to less stringent regulations than our consumer operations. For more information, refer to the risk factor, “Our competitors, especially cable television companies, in our consumer markets are subject to less stringent industry regulations.”

Wireless competition has contributed to a reduction in our voice lines and generally has caused pricing pressure in the industry. Some customers have chosen to stop using traditional wireline phone service and instead rely solely on wireless service. We anticipate that this trend toward solely using wireless services will continue, particularly if wireless prices continue to decline and the quality of wireless services improves.

Competition in our consumer markets could affect our revenues and profitability in several ways, including accelerated consumer household loss, reductions by customers in usage-based services or shifts to less profitable services and a need to lower our prices or increase marketing expenses to stay competitive.

If we are prohibited from participating in government programs, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We are the recipient of a material amount of end user revenue and government funding under various government programs and also serve as a government contractor for services for various state, local and federal agencies. Our failure to comply with the complex government regulations and statutes applicable to the programs, or the terms of one or more of our government contracts, could result in our being suspended or disbarred from future government programs for a significant period of time or result in harm to our reputation with the government and possible restriction from future government activities. While we have implemented compliance programs and internal controls that are reasonably designed to prevent misconduct and non-compliance relating to the government programs and contracting, we cannot eliminate the risk that our employees, partners or subcontractors may independently engage in such activities.

If we are suspended or debarred from government programs, or if our government contracts are terminated for any reason, we could suffer a significant reduction in expected revenue which could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results.

New technologies may affect our ability to compete in our consumer markets.

Wireless companies are aggressively developing networks using next-generation data technologies, which are capable of delivering high-speed Internet service via wireless technology to a larger geographic footprint. If these technologies continue to expand in availability and reliability, they could become a cost effective alternative to our high-speed Internet services. In addition, cable operators may be able to take advantage of certain technology to deploy faster broadband speeds more rapidly than Windstream.

These and other new and evolving technologies could result in greater competition for our voice and high-speed Internet services. If we cannot develop new services and products to keep pace with technological advances, or if such services and products are not widely embraced by our customers, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Competitors, especially cable television companies, in our consumer markets are subject to less stringent industry regulations, which could result in voice line and revenues losses in the future.

Cable television companies are generally subject to less stringent regulations than our consumer operations. Cable voice offerings and others are subject to fewer service quality and reporting requirements than our consumer operations, and their rates are generally not subject to regulation, unlike our consumer voice services. Our consumer areas also may be subject to “carrier of last resort” obligations, which generally obligate us to provide basic voice services to any person within our service area regardless of the profitability of the customer. Our competitors in these areas are not subject to such requirements.

Because of these regulatory disparities, we have less flexibility in our consumer markets than our competitors. This could result in accelerated voice line and revenue losses in the future.

In ~~2017,~~2019, we received approximately 5 percent of our revenues from state and federal USF, and any material adverse regulatory developments with respect to these funds could adversely affect our financial and operating condition.

We receive state and federal USF revenues to support the high cost of providing affordable telecommunications services in rural markets. Such support payments constituted approximately 5 percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. Pending regulatory proceedings to reform state and federal USF programs and our implementation of those reforms could, depending on the outcome, materially reduce our USF revenues and increase our expenses.

~~The~~In 2011, the FCC ~~implemented~~adopted the Connect America Fund, which ~~was adopted in 2011 and includes~~included a short-term (“CAF Phase I”) and a longer-term (“CAF Phase II”) ~~framework.~~framework that will conclude at year-end 2020. Windstream elected to participate in both programs. ~~To obtain the available~~Currently, Windstream receives immaterial amounts of CAF Phase I funding ~~which~~in one state that is ~~greater than the amount~~subject to being phased out at an undetermined future date, and material amounts of CAF Phase II funding. Under CAF Phase II, Windstream ~~received from the legacy federal universal service program, Windstream has~~ committed to offer broadband to a certain number of locations at specified speeds in ~~particular~~ portions of its service areas. This will require substantial capital investment and large-scale construction by Windstream in rural and hard-to-serve geography. Costs of Phase II could exceed estimates by a material amount. The scale and scope of the network buildout to meet the obligations is challenging and complex. If Windstream is not able to fulfill its commitments, it would be required to return some funding and may be subject to additional penalties. Although the deployment obligations under CAF Phase II end in 2020, funding will continue through 2021.

In April 2019, the FCC announced a successor program to the Connect America Fund, the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (“RDOF”). Under RDOF, the FCC will solicit bids from qualifying bidders via a reverse auction process, which is currently scheduled to begin in October 2020. The program will fund the deployment of high-speed broadband infrastructure in certain areas throughout the U.S. that have been deemed to lack adequate broadband service. If Windstream fails to qualify as a bidder in the reverse auction or otherwise does not succeed in securing funding through RDOF, our financial and operating condition could be materially impaired.

We are required to make contributions to state and federal USF programs each year. Most state and federal regulations allow us to recover these contributions by including a surcharge on our customers’ bills. If state and/or federal regulations change, and we become ineligible to receive support, such support is reduced, or we become unable to recover the amounts we contribute to the state and federal USF programs from our customers, our results of operations and financial condition would be directly and adversely affected.

We have written off a substantial portion of our goodwill and may be required to write off additional goodwill in the future, which may adversely affect our financial ~~condition~~position and results of operations.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, our goodwill comprised ~~25.6~~less than 1 percent of our assets. Each year, and more frequently on an interim basis if appropriate, we are required by Accounting Standards Codification Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, to assess whether the amount of goodwill assigned to each of our reporting units is impaired. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value of reporting units including estimating future cash flows, near-term and long-term revenue growth, and determining appropriate discount rates, among other assumptions. ~~During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $1,840.8 million.~~ Future impairment reviews could result in additional impairment charges. Any such impairment charges could materially adversely affect our financial results for the periods in which they are recorded. Additional impairment charges will likely result due to changes from various factors or circumstances, including adoption of new accounting standards, deterioration in the macroeconomic environment, deterioration in our performance or future projections as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases or otherwise, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates and assumptions used in the impairment analysis. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We may need to defend ourselves against lawsuits or claims that we infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others.

From time to time, we receive notices from third parties, or we are named in lawsuits filed by third parties, claiming we have infringed or are infringing upon their intellectual property rights. We may receive similar notices or be involved in similar lawsuits in the future. In certain situations, we may have the ability to seek indemnification from our vendors regarding these lawsuits or claims. If we cannot enforce our indemnification rights or if our vendors lack the financial means to indemnify us, these claims may require us to expend significant time and money defending our alleged use of the affected technology, may require us to enter into licensing agreements requiring one-time or periodic royalty payments that we would not otherwise have to pay or may require us to pay damages. If we are required to take one or more of these actions, it may result in an adverse impact to our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in responding to these claims, we may be required to stop selling or redesign one or more of our products or services, which could adversely affect the way we conduct our business.

Weak economic conditions may decrease demand for our services.

We could be ~~affect~~edaffected by economic conditions and downturns in the economy, ~~especially in regards to our business customers.~~including adverse conditions and downtowns caused by epidemics, pandemics, or other outbreaks of contagious diseases, including the COVID-19 global pandemic. Downturns in the economy in the markets we serve could cause our existing customers to reduce their purchases of our services or be unable to pay for our services previously procured and seek to terminate arrangements with us, and make it difficult for us to obtain new customers or upgrade services for existing customers.

Our relationships with other communications companies are material to our operations and their financial difficulties may adversely affect us.

We originate and terminate calls for long-distance and other voice carriers over our network in exchange for access charges. These access charges represent a significant portion of our revenues. Additionally, we are making significant capital investments to deploy fiber-to-the-tower and other network services in return for long-term revenue generating contracts. If these carriers go bankrupt or experience substantial financial difficulties and we are unable to timely collect payments from them, it may have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Key suppliers may experience financial difficulties that may affect our operations.

Windstream purchases a significant amount of equipment from key suppliers to maintain, upgrade and enhance our network facilities and operations. Should these suppliers experience financial difficulties, or unanticipated or unexpected impact on their operations caused by market conditions, including but not limited to epidemics, pandemics, or other contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 global pandemic, their issues could adversely affect our business through increased prices to source purchases through alternative vendors, or unanticipated delays in the delivery of equipment and services ~~purchased.~~purchased, or an inability to obtain the goods or services at all.

Adverse developments in our relationship with our employees could adversely affect our business, our results of operations and financial condition.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~1,223~~1,358 employees, or approximately 912 percent of all of our employees, covered by collective bargaining agreements. Our relationship with these unions generally has been satisfactory.

We are currently party to 2316 collective bargaining agreements and one National Pension Agreement with several unions, which expire at various times. Of our existing collective bargaining agreements, ~~eight~~six agreements covering approximately ~~500~~600 employees are due to expire in ~~2018.~~2020. In addition, the national pension agreement covers approximately ~~400~~330 employees. This agreement expired in 2010 but has been extended indefinitely, subject to the right of Windstream or the unions to terminate the agreement with 30 days’ notice. Historically, we have succeeded in negotiating new collective bargaining agreements without work stoppages; however, no assurances can be given that we will succeed in negotiating new collective bargaining agreements to replace the expiring ones without work stoppages. Increases in organizational activity or any future work stoppages could have a material adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and financial condition.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

No reportable information under this item.

~~Table of Contents~~

Item 2. Properties

Our property, plant and equipment consists primarily of land and buildings, office and warehouse facilities, central office equipment, software, outside plant and related equipment. Outside communications plant includes aerial and underground cable, conduit, poles and wires. Central office equipment includes digital switches and peripheral equipment. As such, our properties do not provide a basis for description by character or location of principal units. All of our property is considered to be in good working condition and suitable for its intended purpose.

Our gross investment in property, by category, as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, was as follows:


(Millions)	Assets Owned by Windstream		Assets Leased from Uniti (a)		Total
							(Millions)
Land	$	36.8	$	28.6	$	65.4	$	24.2
Building and improvements	97.3		323.0		420.3		358.5
Central office equipment	7,170.3		0.2		7,170.5		6,765.4
Outside communications plant	1,778.3		6,104.2		7,882.5		2,902.3
Furniture, vehicles and other equipment	2,298.9		9.8		2,308.7		1,863.4
Construction in progress							347.3
Total	$	11,381.6	$	6,465.8	$	17,847.4	$	12,261.1


~~(a)~~	In connection with the spin-off, Windstream Holdings entered into a long-term triple-net master lease with Uniti to lease back the telecommunications network assets. For financial reporting purposes, the transaction was accounted for as a failed spin-leaseback. As a result, the net book value of the network assets transferred to Uniti continue to be reported in our consolidated balance sheet.

Certain of our properties are pledged as collateral to secure long-term debt obligations of Windstream Services. The obligations under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility are secured by liens on all of the personal property assets and the related operations of our subsidiaries who are guarantors of the senior secured credit facility.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

~~On February 9, 2015, a putative stockholder filed a Shareholder Class Action Complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Court”), captioned~~ ~~Doppelt v. Windstream Holdings, Inc., et al.~~, C.A. No. 10629-VCN, against the Company and its board of directors. This complaint was accompanied by a motion for a preliminary injunction seeking to enjoin the spin-off. The Court, ruling from the bench on February 19, 2015 - the day before a special meeting of stockholders was scheduled to vote on a reverse stock split and amended governing documents (the “Proposals”) - denied plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction, reasoning that much of the information sought by plaintiff had been disclosed in public filings available on the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s website, the Windstream Holdings’ board of directors was in no way conflicted, and while approval of the Proposals would facilitate the spin-off, approval was not necessary to effect the spin-off. On March 16, 2015, plaintiff, joined by a second putative Windstream stockholder, filed an Amended Shareholder Class Action Complaint alleging breaches of fiduciary duty by the Company and its Board concerning Windstream’s disclosures and seeking to rescind the spin-off and unspecified monetary damages. On February 5, 2016, the Court dismissed Windstream as a named party and also dismissed the plaintiffs’ demand to rescind the spin-off, but otherwise denied Windstream’s motion to dismiss plaintiffs’ claims. On or about January 27, 2017, the plaintiffs filed a motion seeking class certification which the Court granted on April 17, 2017. The parties have reached a preliminary settlement of all claims that is subject to court approval.Litigation

~~As outlined in other sections in this report, in~~In a notice letter received September 22, 2017 (the “Original Notice”), Aurelius Capital Master, Ltd. ("Aurelius") asserted an alleged default of certain senior unsecured notes, the 6.375 percent Senior Notes due 2023 of Windstream Services, ~~LLC,~~ based on alleged violations of the associated indenture (the "2013 Indenture"). Aurelius primarily alleged that Windstream Services violated the 2013 Indenture by executing the ~~REIT Spin-Off~~spin-off of Uniti in April 2015 that, according to Aurelius, constituted a Sale and Leaseback Transaction that was prohibited under Section 4.19 of the ~~Indenture and that violated Section 4.07~~2013 Indenture.

In light of the ~~2013 Indenture by not delivering certain required Officers' Certificates associated with alleged Restricted Payments. The~~allegations in the Original Notice, purported to constitute a written notice of default, which would trigger a 60-day grace or cure period after which the Indenture trustee or holders of at least 25 percent in aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes could declare the principal amount of all outstanding 6.375 percent Notes to be immediately due and payable. Windstream Services filed suit against U.S. Bank N.A., the Indenture Trustee (the “Trustee”), in Delaware Chancery Court seeking a declaration that it had not violated any provision of the 2013 Indenture and injunctive relief. On October 12, 2017, the Trustee filed suit in the Southern District of New York seeking a declaration that defaults had occurred. Windstream Services filed an answer and affirmative defenses in

response to the Trustee’s complaint the following day, as well as counterclaims against the Trustee and Aurelius for declaratory relief. The Delaware action was subsequently dismissed.

On October 18, 2017, Windstream Services launched debt exchange offers with respect to its senior notes, including the ~~Notes,~~6.375 percent notes, and on October 31, 2017, learned that ~~based on tenders of notes in the exchange offers and consents delivered in the consent solicitation, upon early settlement of the exchange offers,~~ holders representing the requisite percentage of the ~~Notes~~6.375 percent notes needed to waive the defaults alleged in the Original Notice would be received. On November 6, 2017, Windstream Services and the Trustee executed a supplemental indenture, and new 6.375 percent ~~Notes~~notes were issued, which gave effect to the waivers and consents for the ~~Notes, that is binding on all noteholders, and negates assertions made by Aurelius and~~6.375 percent notes. During the ~~Indenture Trustee.~~

~~On November 22,~~fourth quarter of 2017, Windstream Services ~~filed~~also completed consent solicitations with respect to each of its series of outstanding notes, pursuant to which noteholders agreed to waive alleged defaults with respect to the transactions related to the spin-off of Uniti and amend the indentures governing such notes to give effect to such waivers and amendments.

After a ~~motion~~trial in July 2018, on February 15, 2019, Judge Jessie Furman of United States District Court for ~~judgment on~~ the ~~pleadings seeking dismissal~~Southern District of New York issued certain findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding the ~~Trustee’s complaint, which motion was denied without prejudice. On~~Spin-Off, invalidating the ~~same date, Aurelius filed counterclaims seeking a declaration~~2017 exchange and consent transactions, and found that the new 6.375 percent Notes were improperly issued and that the debt exchange offers and consent solicitation were void. Windstream asserted that such counterclaims should be dismissed pursuant to Section 6.06 of the Indenture, which contains a "no-action" clause. Aurelius amended its counterclaims, and on February 2, 2018, Services filed an answer and affirmative defenses in response to the amended counterclaims. Additionally, on December 7, 2017, Aurelius served an alleged notice of an Event of Default and acceleration, claiming that the outstanding principal amount, along with accrued interest, under the Notes was due and payable. We believe no defaulttrustee under the 2013 Indenture ~~has occurred~~and/or Aurelius was entitled to a judgment:

that, in effecting the Spin-Off, we failed to comply with the covenants set forth in Section 4.19 of the 2013 Indenture restricting certain sale and ~~the claims asserted by Aurelius and the Indenture Trustee are without merit. Windstream Services further maintains~~ leaseback transactions;

that our breaches of Section 4.19 constitute a “Default” under 2013 Indenture;

that the 6.375 percent notes issued in the 2017 exchange and consent ~~and exchange processes discussed above moot the claims asserted by the Trustee and Aurelius, and that the Company has been, and remains, in compliance with all of the covenants~~transactions do not constitute “Additional Notes” under the 2013 ~~Indenture. However,~~Indenture;

that the notice of default with respect to the foregoing breaches was valid and effective;

that those breaches ripened into “Events of Default” as defined in the 2013 Indenture on December 6, 2017;

that the notice of acceleration with respect to those “Events of Default” was valid and effective, and all principal together with all accrued and unpaid interest on the notes became immediately due and payable as of that date;

enjoining us from taking any further action to issue new notes in contravention of, or to otherwise violate, the 2013 Indenture;

awarding Aurelius a money judgment in an amount of $310,459,959.10 plus interest from and after July 23, 2018; and

dismissing our counterclaims with prejudice.

that, in effecting the Spin-Off, we failed to comply with the covenants set forth in Section 4.19 of the 2013 Indenture restricting certain sale and leaseback transactions;

On March 1, 2019, Judge Furman issued an Order that he cannot enter a final judgment due to the Automatic Stay imposed by the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases. The matter has been administratively closed subject to the right of any party to move to reopen it within twenty-one (21) days of the conclusion of the Chapter 11 Cases or the lifting or modification of the automatic stay.

Windstream Holdings, its current and former directors, and certain of its executive officers are the subject of shareholder-related lawsuits arising out of the merger with EarthLink Holdings Corp. in February 2017. Two putative shareholders have filed separate purported shareholder class action complaints in federal court in Arkansas and state court in Georgia, captioned Murray v. Earthlink Holdings Corp., et. al., and Yadegarian v. Windstream Holdings, Inc., et. al., respectively. Additionally, two separate shareholder derivative actions were filed during the fourth quarter of 2018 in Arkansas federal court on behalf of Windstream Holdings, Inc., styled Cindy Graham v. Wells, et. al., and Larry Graham v. Thomas, et. al. All of the complaints contain similar assertions and claims of alleged securities law violations and breaches of fiduciary duties related to the disclosures in the joint proxy statement/prospectus soliciting shareholder approval of the merger, which the plaintiffs allege were inadequate and misleading.

Suggestions of Bankruptcy and Notices of the Automatic Stay were filed with regard to the Murray, Yadegarian and Graham cases, but the Plaintiffs challenged the applicability of the stay with regard to non-debtor defendants. Windstream filed an adversary proceeding motion with the Bankruptcy Court regarding this challenge. At a hearing on Windstream’s adversary proceeding motion conducted on June 17, 2019, the Bankruptcy court agreed to lift the automatic stay temporarily to allow the federal court presiding over the Murray case to hear arguments regarding Windstream’s motion to dismiss because it was procedural in nature. Oral arguments on the motion to dismiss were held August 22, 2019, but a ruling has not yet been issued by the federal court. In the Yadegarian case, Windstream agreed to lift the automatic stay for the limited purpose of allowing the state court to rule on pending Motions to Stay or Dismiss filed by Windstream. Both motions were heard on November 18, 2019, with the state court granting the Motion to Stay, pending a decision in the Murray case.

While the plaintiffs in the Murray case filed a proof of claim for an undetermined monetary amount, neither the plaintiffs in the Yadegarian nor Graham cases submitted proof of claims.

We believe that we have valid defenses for each of the lawsuits, and we plan to vigorously defend the pursuit of all matters. While the ultimate resolution of the matters is not currently predictable, if there is an adverse ruling in any of these matters, the ruling could constitute a material adverse outcome on the future consolidated results of our income, cash flows, or financial condition.

Windstream did not file a Suggestion of Bankruptcy as a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 cases with regard to this matter as it was determined it would fall under a regulatory exception and is precluded from the automatic stay.

Other Matters

Windstream and one of its Enterprise customers entered into an agreement in which Windstream provided communication services to several of the customer’s locations. The majority of funding for the services was administered by USAC pursuant to the Universal Service Rural Health Care Telecommunications Program which offers reduced rates for broadband and telecommunications services to rural health care facilities. In March 2017, USAC issued a funding denial to the customer on the basis that certain rules of the FCC were violated with the selection of Windstream as the service provider. Due to an alleged conflict of interest created by a third-party Windstream channel partner that acted as a consultant for the customer regarding the agreement, USAC asserted that Windstream’s selection was not based upon a fair and open competitive bidding process. USAC’s denial addressed accrued funding of approximately $16.6 million, as well as funding of approximately $6.0 million previously remitted to us. Windstream, along with the customer, appealed the denial; USAC rejected the appeal on June 29, 2018, upholding its previous denial of funding. Windstream appealed the denial to the FCC in August 2018. The FCC has yet to rule on the appeal and timing of a decision by the FCC is unknown. We recorded a reserve for the funding denial from USAC during the second quarter of 2019, and as a result, we have no ~~guarantee of success~~additional loss exposure related to this matter.

We currently are involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business and, as required, have accrued an estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of those claims for which the occurrence of loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any ~~adverse ruling~~particular period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or the effectiveness of our strategies related to these proceedings. Additionally, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on our ~~future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.~~

~~Discovery in this action is now proceeding. No trial date has been set by the court.~~

We are party to various legal proceedings and the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings cannot be determined at this time. However, based on current circumstances, management does not believe such proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

~~Finally, management is currently not aware of any environmental matters, individually or in the aggregate, that would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated~~ financial condition or results of ~~our~~ operations.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any litigation pending against us and any claims that could be asserted against us that arose prior to the Petition Date are automatically stayed as a result of the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases pursuant to Section 362(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, subject to certain statutory exceptions. These matters will be subject to resolution in accordance with the Bankruptcy Code and applicable orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

~~Table of Contents~~

Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Windstream Services, LLC

Form 10-K, Part II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information, Holders and Dividends

(a)

~~Our~~Trading in our common stock ~~is traded~~was suspended and removed from listing on ~~the~~ NASDAQ ~~Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “WIN.” The following table reflects the range of high, low and closing prices~~on March 6, 2019. We are unable to relist our common stock on a national securities exchange during our Chapter 11 process. Shares of our common stock are quoted for trading on the OTC Pink Sheets market maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc. under the trading symbol “WINMQ”. There were 18,351 stockholders of record as ~~reported~~of April 30, 2020, which does not include an estimate of the indeterminate number of beneficial holders whose shares may be held of record by ~~NASDAQ. for each quarter in 2017~~brokerage firms and ~~2016:~~clearing agencies.

Year Quarter High Low Close Dividend Declared
2017 4th $2.73 $1.74 $1.85 $—
3rd $4.04 $1.73 $1.77 $—
2nd $5.76 $3.85 $3.88 $0.15
1st $8.35 $5.16 $5.45 $0.15
2016 4th $10.10 $6.63 $7.33 $0.15
3rd $10.46 $8.13 $10.05 $0.15
2nd $9.50 $7.18 $9.27 $0.15
1st $8.35 $4.75 $7.68 $0.15

~~As of February 22, 2018, the approximate number of holders of common stock, including an estimate for those holding shares in street name, was 172,182.~~

~~Our board of directors elected to eliminate our~~We ceased paying a quarterly common stock dividend ~~commencing~~ in the third quarter of ~~2017 after reviewing~~2017. We are currently subject to restrictions under the terms of the credit agreement governing the DIP financing and expect to be subject to restrictions under any credit agreement we enter into in connection with our ~~capital allocation strategy and determining~~emergence from protection under the Bankruptcy Code that limit the amount of dividends that we pay on our common stock was undervalued. Concurrently, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $90.0 million, effective through March 31, 2019. During the first nine months of 2017, we repurchased 9.1 million of our common shares at a total cost of $19.0 million. We did not repurchase any shares under the share buyback program during the fourth quarter of 2017. The board of directors has determined to terminate the share repurchase plan effective February 6, 2018. Additionally, as part of recent consent and exchange processes involving certain senior notes issued by Windstream Services, Windstream Services agreed to certain provisions in an indenture relating to its 8.75 percent senior notes due December 15, 2024 (“2024 Notes”) that prohibits its ability to issue restricted payments to its parent company, Windstream Holdings, Inc., if Windstream Service’s consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in the 2024 Notes, exceeds 3.50 to 1.0, except for purposes of allowing restricted payments to Windstream Holdings for the purposes of making rent payments under the master lease with Uniti Group, Inc., and to pay certain administrative expenses. The provisions indirectly impact, and could limit, Windstream Holdings’ future issuance of dividends to holders of its common stock and its engagement in stock repurchase programs.stock.


(b)	Not applicable.


(c)	Not applicable.

~~Stock Performance~~

Set forth below is a line graph showing comparisons of annual stockholder returns since December 31, 2010. The graph includes the total cumulative stockholder returns on our common stock, and comparative returns on the S&P 500 Stock Index and the S&P Telecom Index. The S&P Telecom Index consists of the following companies: AT&T Inc., CenturyLink, Inc., Crown Castle International Corp., Frontier Communications Corp., Sprint Communications, Inc., T-Mobile US, Inc., Verizon Communications Inc., Windstream Holdings, Inc. The graph and table below provide the cumulative change of $100.00 invested on December 31, 2010, including reinvestment of dividends, for the periods indicated.

Total Cumulative Shareholder Returns

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Windstream $ 100.00
$ 96.38
$ 99.52
$ 48.10
$ 54.75
$ 13.82
S&P 500 $ 100.00
$ 129.60
$ 144.36
$ 143.31
$ 156.98
$ 187.47
S&P Telecom $ 100.00
$ 106.49
$ 104.45
$ 102.65
$ 120.93
$ 113.72

~~Notes to Comparative Shareholder Return:~~

The comparative shareholder return chart is presented in accordance with SEC rules, which treats the Uniti distribution as a dividend that is reinvested back into Windstream Holdings common stock. We believe a more accurate view of shareholder return would treat the distribution of Uniti shares as a one-time, special cash distribution that is not reinvested back into Windstream Holdings common stock. Under this methodology, Windstream's total shareholder return would have been (11) percent during 2015, and 3 percent during 2016. The ending value of the investment in Windstream would have been $88.57 for 2015, $92.11 for 2016, and $79.22 for 2017 compared to $48.10, $54.75 and $13.82, respectively, as reflected in the chart above.

The foregoing performance graph contained in Item 5 shall not be deemed to be soliciting material or be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Under ~~our share-based compensation plans,~~the Windstream 2006 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “Windstream Plan”), we may issue restricted stock and other equity securities to directors, officers and other key employees. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the maximum number of shares available for issuance under the Windstream ~~2006 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive~~ Plan ~~(the “Windstream Plan”)~~ was 3.7 million shares, under the PAETEC Holding Corp. 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “PAETEC Plan”) was approximately 0.4 million shares and under the EarthLink Holdings Corp. 2016 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan (the “EarthLink Plan”) was 6.22.2 million shares.

The following table sets forth information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:

Equity Compensation Plan Information



Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights [a]	Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights [b]		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans [c] (excluding securities reflected in column [a])
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	224,014		$9.60	—	(1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	617,967		$7.50	2,205,204	(2)
Total	841,981		$8.06	2,205,204

Plan Category

Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights [a]
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights [b]
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans [c] (excluding
securities reflected in
column [a])






Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders 287,491

$6.21
6,599,511
(1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders —
—
3,721,870
(2)
Total 287,491

$6.21
10,321,381

(1)

Represents ~~shares under~~(i) 8,180 options (with a weighted-average exercise price of $65.11) assumed in connection with the ~~PAETEC Plan and the EarthLink Plan, which were approved by stockholders~~acquisitions of PAETEC Holding Corp. (“PAETEC”) and EarthLink Holding Corp. ~~prior to the respective mergers with Windstream~~(“EarthLink”) on December 1, 2011 and February 27, 2017, ~~respectively.~~respectively and (ii) 215,834 options granted by Windstream under the PAETEC Holding Corp. 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “PAETEC Plan”) and the EarthLink Holdings Corp. 2016 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan (the “EarthLink Plan”), which were approved by stockholders of PAETEC and EarthLink prior to the respective mergers with Windstream. These plans ~~have~~were not ~~been~~ approved by Windstream stockholders. Shares under the PAETEC Plan and the EarthLink Plan ~~are~~were only available for issuance to Windstream employees who were not employed by Windstream when Windstream acquired PAETEC and EarthLink. Both the PAETEC Plan and the EarthLink ~~on December 1, 2011~~Plan were frozen in 2018, and ~~February 27, 2017, respectively.~~as a result, no new awards will be granted under the PAETEC Plan and the EarthLink Plan.


(2)	Represents shares available for issuance under the Windstream Plan.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

For information pertaining to our Selected Financial Data, refer to page F-38 of the Financial Supplement, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For information pertaining to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of our Financial Condition and Results of ~~our~~ Operations, refer to pages F-2 to F-37 of the Financial Supplement, which is incorporated by reference herein.

~~Table of Contents~~

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For information pertaining to our market risk disclosures, refer to page F-31 of the Financial Supplement, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

For information pertaining to our Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, refer to pages ~~F-40~~F-45 to ~~F-115~~F-114 of the Financial Supplement, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Controls and Procedures for Windstream Holdings, Inc.


(a)	Evaluation of ~~disclosure controls~~Disclosure Controls and ~~procedures.~~Procedures

Our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Windstream Holdings’ disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by ~~these~~this annual ~~reports~~report (the “Evaluation Date”). The term “disclosure controls and procedures” (defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) refers to the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, such disclosure controls and procedures were ~~effective.~~

~~(b)Management’s report on~~not effective as of December 31, 2019, due to the material weakness in its internal control over financial ~~reporting.~~reporting described below.


(b)	Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of Windstream Holdings is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. The term “internal control over financial reporting” (defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:


(i)	pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;


(ii)	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and


(iii)	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 based upon criteria in ~~Internal~~“Internal Control - Integrated ~~Framework~~Framework” (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Our management excluded EarthLink and Broadview from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting because these entities were acquired in purchase business combinations completed on February 27, 2017 and July 28, 2017, respectively. EarthLink and Broadview are wholly- owned subsidiaries whose total assets and total revenues represented 14 percent and 1 percent, respectively, and 13 percent and 2 percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017. Based on our assessment, management ~~determined~~concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019 because of the material weakness described below.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of an entity’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The Company did not design and maintain effective controls over analyzing, validating and concluding on key assumptions provided by third-party valuation firms and used in the Company’s accounting for leases. Specifically, the Company did not have effective controls to assess the reasonableness of certain assumptions used in the determination of the lease classification, including to identify and evaluate contrary information, resulting in the untimely resolution of our lease classification conclusion.

While this control deficiency did not result in a material misstatement to the Company’s consolidated interim or annual financial statements, management concluded this control deficiency could result in a misstatement to the lease-related account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to interim or annual consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, management concluded that this control deficiency constituted a material weakness.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.


(c)	Changes in ~~internal control~~Internal Control over ~~financial reporting.~~Financial Reporting

On February 27, 2017, we completed our acquisition by merger of EarthLink as described elsewhere in this report. Revenues and sales of $751.1 million and net operating loss of $61.0 million attributable to EarthLink were included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

On July 28, 2017, we completed our acquisition by merger of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. (“Broadview”) as described elsewhere in this report. Revenues and sales of $119.9 million and net operating income of $6.0 million attributable to Broadview were included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

NoThere have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting (defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) that occurred during the ~~period covered by these annual reports~~quarter ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


(d)	Remediation Plan

In response to the material weakness described above, management is currently evaluating our process and controls related to the review and validation, including consideration of contrary evidence, of the analysis prepared by third-party valuation firms used for purposes of lease accounting and plans to design and implement adequate internal controls and procedures to ensure that the assumptions are properly reviewed, validated and accounted for, and management can effectively evaluate analyses conducted by third-party valuation firms that perform analyses to provide assumptions that support lease accounting.

Management believes that the implementation of the above changes and resulting improvements in internal control over financial reporting will remediate the identified material weakness; however, the material weakness cannot be considered fully remediated until the changes in internal control processes and procedures have been in operation for a period of time and subject to control testing by management.

Controls and Procedures for Windstream Services, LLC


(a)	Evaluation of ~~disclosure controls~~Disclosure Controls and ~~procedures.~~Procedures

Our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Windstream Services’ disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by ~~these~~this annual ~~reports~~report (the “Evaluation Date”). The term “disclosure controls and procedures” (defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) refers to the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, such disclosure controls and procedures were ~~effective.~~not effective as of December 31, 2019, due to the material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting described below.


(b)	Management’s ~~report~~Report on ~~internal control~~Internal Control over ~~financial reporting.~~Financial Reporting

Management of Windstream Services is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. The term “internal control over financial reporting” (defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:


(i)	pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;


(ii)	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and


(iii)	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.


(c)	Changes in ~~internal control~~Internal Control over ~~financial reporting.~~Financial Reporting


(d)	Remediation Plan

Item 9B. Other Information

No reportable information under this item.

3339

Table of Contents

Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Windstream Services, LLC

Form 10-K, Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

For information pertaining to our Directors refer to “Proposal No. 1 – Election of Directors” in our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. For information pertaining to the Audit Committee financial expert and corporate governance refer to “Board and Board Committee Matters” in our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference. For information pertaining to the Audit Committee, refer to “Audit Committee Report” in our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Our executive officers ~~as of February 6, 2018~~ are as follows:



Name	Business Experience	Age
Anthony W. Thomas	President and Chief Executive Officer of Windstream since December 2014; President-REIT Operations from October 2014 to December 2014; Chief Financial Officer of Windstream from August 2013 to October 2014; Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Windstream from May 2012 to August 2013; Chief Financial Officer of Windstream from August 2009 to May 2012; Controller of Windstream from July 2006 to August 2009.2014.	4649
Robert E. Gunderman	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Windstream since November 2017; Chief Financial Officer of Windstream from June 2015 to ~~January 2018;~~November 2017; Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Windstream from December 12, 2014 to June 2015; Interim Chief Financial Officer from October 2014 to December 12, 2014; Senior Vice President - Financial Planning and Treasurer of Windstream from August 2013 to October 2014; Senior Vice President - Financial Planning and Treasury of Windstream from June 2012 to August 2013; Vice President - Financial Planning of Windstream from August 2008 to June 2012.2015.	4547
Layne Levine	President Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale of Windstream since July 2017; Previously held positions at GTT including ~~chief revenue officer~~Chief Revenue Officer and ~~executive vice president~~Executive Vice President of GTT’s Americas division.	5557
Jeff Small	President ~~Consumer & Small Business~~- Kinetic of Windstream since May 2017; Executive Vice President Engineering and Network Operations of Windstream from June 2016 to May 2017; Previously held position of senior vice president of corporate development and operations for Communications Sales & Leasing (now Uniti Group), the Real Estate Investment Trust created in 2015 from the spin-off of certain Windstream network and real estate assets.	4244
Kristi Moody	~~Senior~~Executive Vice President, - General Counsel & Corporate Secretary of Windstream since February ~~2017;~~2019; Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary of Windstream from February 2017 to February 2019; Senior Vice President & Corporate Secretary of Windstream from January 2015 to February ~~2017; Deputy General Counsel of Windstream from August 2013 to December 2014; Vice President - Law of Windstream from 2012 to July 2013; Senior Litigation Counsel from June 2006 to 2012.~~2017.	4749
~~John C. Eichler~~	~~Senior Vice President and Controller of Windstream since February 2018; Vice President and Controller from August 2009 to February 2018; Vice President of Internal Audit from July 2006 to August 2009.~~	46

We have a code of ethics that applies to all employees and members of the Board of Directors. Our code of ethics, referred to as the “Working with Integrity” guidelines, is posted on the Investor Relations page on our web site (www.windstream.com) under “Corporate Governance”. We will disclose in the “Corporate Governance” section of the Investor Relations page on our web site amendments and waivers with respect to the Code of Ethics that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K. We will provide to any stockholder a copy of the foregoing information, without charge, upon written request to Investor Relations, Windstream, 4001 Rodney Parham Road, Little Rock, Arkansas 72212.

For information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, refer to “Section 16 (a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

On February 25, 2019, Windstream Holdings and all of its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”), filed voluntary petitions for reorganization (collectively, the “Bankruptcy Petitions”) under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the U.S. Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 cases (collectively, the “Chapter 11 Cases”) are being jointly administered under the caption In re Windstream Holdings, Inc., et al., Case No. 19-22312 (RDD) (lead case). Windstream intends to use the court-supervised process to address debt maturities that were accelerated as a result of a decision by Judge Jesse Furman in the Southern District of New York against Windstream Services, LLC, issued on February 15, 2019. The Company continues to operate the business as a “debtor-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and the orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

The same individuals serve as executive officers of both Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services. The information presented in this Item 11, or this Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”), reflects compensation for the following individuals, who served as the principal executive officer, principal financial officer and the three most highly compensated officers (other than the principal executive and financial officers) of Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services (collectively, the “named executive officers” or “NEOs”) for fiscal year 2019:



NEO	Title
Tony Thomas	President & Chief Executive Officer
Robert E. Gunderman	Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
Layne Levine	President - Enterprise
Jeff Small	President - Kinetic
Kristi Moody	Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary

2019 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY AND FRAMEWORK

Our 2019 compensation plans for our NEOs were originally approved by the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) at its February 5, 2019 meeting. Subsequent to the approval of the plans, we filed the Bankruptcy Petitions. In light of such filings and the associated challenges, the Committee determined the compensation plans approved at the February 5th meeting were no longer effective and required adjustments to ensure the proper motivation of our NEOs during the court supervised restructuring process.

The NEO compensation program for 2019 was designed to achieve the following objectives during the restructuring process:

Support the overall goal of motivating NEOs to preserve and enhance enterprise value and minimize the negative impact of the restructuring process;

Motivate and reward the achievement of financial and operational performance critical to our key stakeholders; and

Provide competitive pay opportunities to ensure the NEOs are engaged and focused on value creation for the Company and all of its stakeholders.

The modified 2019 NEO compensation program was developed with the input of creditors and was approved by the Bankruptcy Court on May 14, 2019. In light of this foregoing, the Committee did not consider the results of the most recent shareholder advisory vote on executive compensation, which occurred at the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders.

DETERMINATION OF 2019 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Role of the Compensation Committee

The Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibility related to the compensation programs, plans and awards for Windstream’s directors and executive officers, including our NEOs. The Committee annually reviews and approves goals relevant to our CEO’s compensation and, based on an annual evaluation of these performance goals, determines and approves our CEO’s compensation. The Committee conducts this review and establishes the CEO’s compensation using a survey of compensation data of comparable employers prepared by its outside compensation consultant based on criteria specified by the Committee. After setting the annual performance goals for the CEO’s compensation, the Committee actively monitors corporate performance to confirm the compensation design, performance metrics and overall framework remain aligned with the strategic direction of the Company, including convening an annual compensation strategy meeting in September of each year.

Role of the Independent Consultant

The Committee has the authority to retain executive compensation consultants to assist in the evaluation of director, CEO and executive officer compensation and to approve the consultant’s fees and other retention terms. It is the policy of the Committee that the compensation consultant should not perform any other services for Windstream. During 2018, the Committee engaged Pearl Meyer, LLC (“Pearl Meyer”) to assist in the review and design of Windstream’s executive compensation program, and Pearl Meyer reported directly to the Committee. Pearl Meyer continued to provide services to the Committee through the February 5, 2019 Committee meeting.

In March 2019, the Committee engaged Willis Towers Watson as its compensation advisor, given their experience working with companies during a restructuring process. Willis Towers Watson provided advice and counsel on the appropriate design of our modified 2019 NEO compensation program.

Role of Management

Windstream’s management assists the Committee’s consultant in its survey of executive compensation by providing historical compensation information and by reviewing and commenting on preliminary drafts of the survey reports. At the first meeting of each year (generally in February), the Committee reviews and approves executive compensation for such year. Based on the compensation surveys and compensation principles previously specified by the Committee, our CEO and members of Windstream’s human resources team prepare recommendations for compensation for executive officers in consultation with the Committee’s consultant, except that no recommendation is made for our CEO’s compensation. The Committee determines our CEO’s compensation and recommends compensation of all other executive officers to the Board, based in part on discussions with management, our CEO, and the consultant. The Board approves, in the case of CEO compensation, or ratifies, in the case of all other executive officers, the actions of the Committee.

Competitive Market Analysis

As part of the process of approving executive compensation levels and plan designs, the Committee periodically reviews and considers competitive market data. With respect to 2019 NEO compensation decisions, the Committee relied on a competitive market study completed by Willis Towers Watson in March 2019. This market analysis included pay levels and plan design information from the following peer group companies approved by the Committee:



Ÿ CenturyLink	Ÿ Sirius XM Holdings, Inc.
Ÿ Cincinnati Bell	Ÿ Telephone and Data Systems Inc.
Ÿ Dish Network	Ÿ United States Cellular Corporation
Ÿ Frontier Communications Corp.	Ÿ Zayo Group Holdings Inc.
Ÿ NetApp, Inc.

The companies in the 2019 peer group were selected in light of a number of factors, including scope and complexity of operations, industry relevance, and business model similarity. The Committee believes that the consideration of plan designs and performance levels among peer companies provides an additional useful reference point for the plan designs and degree of pay and performance alignment at Windstream. While consideration is given to the competitive market data, the Committee uses it primarily as a reference point and does not specifically target compensation to any market percentile

In addition to considering the companies in the 2019 peer group, the Committee also considered the practices of 19 companies with revenues exceeding approximately $1.0 billion that filed bankruptcy petitions during the period 2014 through 2018. These companies represented various industries and included the following companies: Alpha Natural Resources, Inc., Avaya Inc., Claire’s Inc., Energy Future Holdings Corp., FirstEnergy Solutions Corp., GenOn Energy, hhgregg, Inc., iHeartMedia, Inc., Linn Energy, Marsh Supermarkets, NII Holdings, Inc., Patriot Coal, Peabody Energy Corporation, Quiksilver Inc., RadioShack (RS Legacy Corporation), Sears Holdings Corporation, SunEdison, Toys “R” Us Inc., and Westinghouse Electric Company. This restructuring group served as the basis for market perspective on typical incentive plan structures and overall plan costs within the context of a restructuring.

COMPONENTS OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

For ~~information pertaining~~2019, NEO compensation consisted of the following principal components:

Base Salary

Base salaries for our executives, including NEOs, were set by the Committee after consideration of various factors including experience and skills, individual performance, the ability to ~~Executive~~attract and retain talented executives and market data. Consistent with our philosophy of tying pay to performance, our NEOs received a relatively small percentage of their overall target compensation in the form of base salary. The table below includes each NEO’s base salary as of December 31, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018.



NEO	Base Salary at December 31, 2018		Base Salary at December 31, 2019		% Change	Basis for Adjustment
Tony Thomas		$1,000,000		$1,000,000	0%	N/A
Robert Gunderman		$500,000		$500,000	0%	N/A
Layne Levine		$425,000		$450,000	5.9%	Time in role and experience
Jeff Small		$350,000		$400,000	14.3%	Time in role and experience
Kristi Moody		$350,000		$375,000	7.1%	Market competitive, increase in scope and experience, time in role

Key Employee Incentive Plan (“KEIP”)

During 2019, the NEOs participated in the court-approved KEIP, which provided our NEOs with the opportunity to earn performance-based cash incentives during the year. The KEIP provided the NEOs with the opportunity to receive cash incentives, to the extent earned based on performance, upon the conclusion of three separate performance periods during the year. The three performance periods were defined as:

•January 1, 2019 through June 30, 2019 (“1H 2019”)

•July 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019 (“3Q 2019”)

•October 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019 (“4Q 2019”)

In addition to being measured for each performance period, performance achievement was also measured on a cumulative basis at the end of the 2019, and a “catch up” incentive payment could be earned to the extent performance achieved on an annual basis exceeded the cumulative quarterly performance target goals for the whole year.

Under the terms of the KEIP, 50% of all earned payments for each applicable performance period were deferred until the earlier of emergence from bankruptcy or March 1, 2020.

Incentive Opportunities. The potential amount payable to a NEO upon achievement of the Threshold Goals, Target Goals and Maximum Goals (each as defined in the KEIP) is based on the NEO’s target incentive opportunity set forth in his or her participation agreement (the “Target Bonus”). The target bonus amounts were inline with, and did not exceed, the sum of the NEOs’ 2018 short-term and long-term incentive targets. Each NEO’s Target Bonus for each of the performance periods is shown below.



NEO	1H 2019 Target Bonus	3Q 2019 Target Bonus	4Q 2019 Target Bonus
Tony Thomas	$ 2,565,000	$ 1,282,500	$ 1,282,500
Robert Gunderman	$ 950,000	$ 475,000	$ 475,000
Layne Levine	$ 570,000	$ 285,000	$ 285,000
Jeff Small	$ 540,000	$ 270,000	$ 270,000
Kristi Moody	$ 390,625	$ 195,313	$ 195,313

The KEIP provided for potential payouts ranging from 50% of the Target Bonus for achievement of the Threshold Goals to 200% of the Target Bonus for achievement of the Maximum Goals. Payouts for performance between the defined Threshold Goals, Target Goals and Maximum Goals were linearly interpolated. No payout would be made if performance fell below the Threshold Goals.

Performance Measures. For each NEO, payouts were determined based on our performance relative to pre-established objectives for three performance metrics, with metrics varying by function or business unit. The tables below detail the performance metrics, weightings, specific performance goals, and actual performance attainment for each performance period during 2019, for each of our NEOs. All dollar amounts in the tables below are reflected in millions.

Messrs. Thomas, Gunderman and Ms. Moody



Performance target and attainments for 1H19 (January - June)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Adjusted OIBDAR(1)	$801,119	$890,132	$979,145	60%	$897,250	106%	64%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$113,983	$126,648	$139,313	20%	$132,499	146%	29%
Net Broadband Adds	11,679	17,519	23,359	20%	13,293	64%	13%
					1H19 Attainment %		106%

Performance target and attainments for 3Q19 (July - September)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Adjusted OIBDAR(1)	$391,393	$434,881	$478,369	60%	$423,304	87%	52%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$60,072	$66,747	$73,422	20%	$72,550	187%	37%
Net Broadband Adds	5,093	7,640	10,187	20%	5,660	61%	12%
					3Q19 Attainment %		102%




Performance target and attainments for 4Q19 (October - December)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Adjusted OIBDAR(1)	$391,751	$435,279	$478,807	60%	$422,454	85%	51%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$63,059	$70,065	$77,072	20%	$75,945	184%	37%
Net Broadband Adds	3,227	4,841	6,455	20%	9,387	200%	40%
					4Q19 Attainment %		128%

Cumulative Performance target and attainments for 2019 (January - December)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Adjusted OIBDAR(1)	$1,584,263	$1,760,292	$1,936,321	60%	$1,743,008	95%	57%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$237,115	$263,461	$289,807	20%	$281,034	167%	33%
Net Broadband Adds	20,000	30,000	40,000	20%	28,340	92%	18%
					Annual Plan Attainment %		109%

(1) Operating income before depreciation and amortization, excluding certain “special items,” including merger and integration costs, extraordinary charges, non-cash impairment charges, restructuring charges, pension expense or non-cash expense related to equity compensation, the straight-line expense due under the contractual arrangement with Uniti Group Inc., and other items discussed in Appendix A included in this Item 11.

Mr. Levine



Performance target and attainments for 1H19 (January - June)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Enterprise & Wholesale (EW) Contribution Margin (CM)	$365,819	$406,466	$447,113	60%	$399,546	91%	55%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$113,983	$126,648	$139,313	20%	$132,499	146%	29%
E&W Service Revenue	$1,336,957	$1,485,508	$1,634,059	20%	$1,477,569	97%	19%
					1H19 Attainment %		104%

Performance target and attainments for 3Q19 (July - September)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
EWCM	$187,502	$208,335	$229,169	60%	$191,944	61%	36%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	60,072	66,747	73,422	20%	$72,550	187%	37%
E&W Service Revenue	$646,772	$718,635	$790,499	20%	702,324	89%	18%
					3Q19 Attainment %		92%

Performance target and attainments for 4Q19 (October - December)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
EWCM	$181,712	$201,902	$222,092	60%	$188,738	67%	40%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$63,059	$70,065	$77,072	20%	$75,945	184%	37%
E&W Service Revenue	625,324	694,804	764,284	20%	677,984	88%	18%
					4Q19 Attainment %		95%

Cumulative Performance target and attainments for 2019 (January - December)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
EWCM	$735,033	$816,703	$898,373	60%	$780,228	78%	47%
Enterprise Strategic Revenue	$237,115	$263,461	$289,807	20%	$281,034	167%	33%
E&W Service Revenue	2,609,054	2,898,949	3,188,844	20%	2,857,878	93%	19%
					Annual Plan Attainment %		99%

Mr. Small



Performance target and attainments for 1H19 (January - June)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Kinetic Contribution Margin	$541,193	$601,325	$661,458	60%	$612,083	118%	71%
Net Broadband Adds	11,679	17,519	23,359	20%	13,293	64%	13%
Small/Medium Business Revenue	$142,573	$158,414	$174,255	20%	$158,308	100%	20%
					1H19 Attainment %		103%

Performance target and attainments for 3Q19 (July - September)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Kinetic Contribution Margin	$257,498	$286,108	$314,719	60%	$286,652	102%	61%
Net Broadband Adds	5,093	7,640	10,187	20%	5,660	61%	12%
Small/Medium Business Revenue	$69,810	$77,567	$85,324	20%	$76,829	95%	19%
					3Q19 Attainment %		92%

Performance target and attainments for 4Q19 (October - December)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Kinetic Contribution Margin	$263,562	$292,847	$322,132	60%	$290,400	96%	57%
Net Broadband Adds	3,227	4,841	6,455	20%	9,387	200%	40%
Small/Medium Business Revenue	$69,107	$76,786	$84,465	20%	$75,702	93%	19%
					4Q19 Attainment %		116%

Cumulative Performance target and attainments for 2019 (January - December)
Performance Measures	Threshold	Target	Maximum	Weighting	Actual	Attainment % of Target	Weighted Attainment %
Kinetic Contribution Margin	$1,062,252	$1,180,280	$1,298,308	60%	$1,189,135	108%	65%
Net Broadband Adds	20,000	30,000	40,000	20%	28,340	92%	18%
Small/Medium Business Revenue	$281,490	$312,767	$344,044	20%	$310,839	97%	19%
					Annual Plan Attainment %		102%

Actual Payouts. For 2019, each NEO earned a performance‑based cash award for each period based on the weighted achievement of the respective Company and business unit performance goals. The following table shows the actual payouts for each NEO under the KEIP for 2019.



	1H 2019		3Q 2019		4Q2019		Annual
NEO	$	% of Target	$	% of Target	$	% of Target	$	% of Target
Tony Thomas	$ 2,706,228	106%	$ 1,303,364	102%	$ 1,640,882	128%	$ 5,650,474	110%
Robert Gunderman	$ 1,002,308	106%	$ 482,728	102%	$ 607,734	128%	$ 2,092,770	110%
Layne Levine	$ 590,520	104%	$ 260,820	92%	$ 270,186	95%	$ 1,123,196⁽¹⁾	99%
Jeff Small	$ 558,524	103%	$ 249,520	92%	$ 313,416	116%	$ 1,121,460	104%
Kristi Moody	$ 412,132	106%	$ 198,490	102%	$ 249,892	128%	$ 860,514	110%


(1)	Mr. Levine received an additional payment of $1,670 as the cumulative annual performance exceeded the sum of the payouts based on the three individual measurement periods.

Retirement and Other Compensation ~~refer~~and Benefits

The 2019 compensation program also included retirement plans, a deferred compensation plan, change-in-control agreements and other matters detailed below.

Retirement Plans

Windstream maintains a defined benefit pension plan and a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan for its executive officers (including the NEOs) and employees. Participation in the pension plan is frozen except for certain bargaining unit employees. No executive officer is eligible for continued accruals. Windstream’s 401(k) plan provides for potential matching employer contributions of up to 4% of a participant’s compensation. The Committee maintains the 401(k) plan to provide employees with an opportunity to save for retirement with pre-tax dollars.

Deferred Compensation Plans

Windstream’s 2007 Deferred Compensation Plan is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for executive officers (including NEOs) and other key employees. Due to low participation, the plan was frozen to new contributions as of January 1, 2018.

CEO Employment Agreement

Effective February 19, 2019, Windstream, Windstream Services and Tony Thomas entered into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) that replaced and superseded the previous employment agreement dated September 1, 2017, between Mr. Thomas and Windstream which was scheduled to expire on December 31, 2019. The Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Thomas will be employed as President and CEO and serve on the Board of Directors from February 19, 2019 to March 1, 2024, subject to annual renewals thereafter. During the employment period, Mr. Thomas’ annual base salary will not be less than $1,000,000 and his target annual bonus opportunity will not be less than 188% of his base salary. On February 19, 2019, as consideration for execution of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Thomas received a one-time, time-based cash award of $2,000,000 that will vest in full on the third anniversary of the date of grant. Mr. Thomas is also eligible to participate in all equity incentive, employee benefits and perquisite plans, programs and arrangements that are no less favorable to Mr. Thomas than the plans, programs and arrangements provided to other senior executives of Windstream Holdings. The agreement also contains severance benefit provisions that apply if Mr. Thomas’ employment is terminated in certain circumstances. Refer to the “Potential Payments Upon Death, Disability, Termination or Change-in-Control” section of this Item 11 for additional details associated with the severance and change-in-control agreements.

If Mr. Thomas’ employment terminates for any other reason, then the Employment Agreement will terminate without further obligation to Mr. Thomas other than the obligation to pay his annual base salary through the date of termination and any other vested benefits.

Upon termination of employment, Mr. Thomas is prohibited from soliciting employees or customers of, or competing against, Windstream and its affiliates for (i) two years following a termination due to a Change in Control or (ii) one year following any other termination and is subject to confidentiality and non-disparagement restrictions. Moreover, Mr. Thomas is required to sign a waiver and release of all claims against Windstream and its affiliates prior to receiving severance benefits under the Employment Agreement.

Severance and Change-In-Control Agreements

During 2019, Windstream had severance and change-in-control agreements with each NEO other than Mr. Thomas, who is subject to the Employment Agreement described above. The severance and change-in-control agreements provide that upon a qualifying separation from service, the NEOs will be eligible to receive certain severance benefits. Refer to the “Potential Payments Upon Death, Disability, Termination or Change-in-Control” section of this Item 11 for additional details associated with the severance and change-in-control agreements.

GOVERNANCE FEATURES

Stock Ownership/Insider Trading Policies

Windstream’s minimum stock ownership guidelines are described in Item 12 of this Amendment under the heading “Security Ownership.” The guidelines are intended in part to ensure that NEOs retain a sufficient number of shares of Windstream common stock such that they continue to have a material financial interest in Windstream that is aligned with the stockholders. Effective May 7, 2019, the Board of Directors suspended application of the minimum stock ownership guidelines in light of Windstream’s restructuring and limited ability to issue restricted stock to those individuals subject to the guidelines. This suspension is in effect until further notice.

Prohibition on Hedging and Pledging

Under Windstream’s insider trading compliance policy, directors, NEOs, and certain other officers are prohibited, and all other employees are discouraged, from engaging in any transaction involving derivative securities intended to hedge the market risk in equity securities of Windstream other than purchases of long call options or the sale of short put options that are not closed prior to their exercise or expiration date. The policy also prohibits the purchase of Windstream shares on loan or margin and short sales.

Clawback Policy

Windstream’s Clawback Policy requires executive officers to repay or forfeit performance-based compensation under certain conditions. Effective January 1, 2013, the policy covers the following types of compensation: annual or short-term incentive compensation, performance-based restricted stock or units, other performance-based compensation, and such other compensation as may be designated by resolution to be subject to the policy. The policy does not cover time-based restricted stock or severance benefits awarded under a change-in-control agreement. Under the policy, each executive officer is required to forfeit or repay

covered compensation, to the fullest extent permitted by law, if all of the following conditions are met: (i) Windstream financial statements filed during an executive officer’s employment become subject to a restatement; (ii) the Board determines that fraud caused or significantly contributed to the need for the restatement; (iii) the Board determines that the restatement applies to the covered compensation; and (iv) the Board determines in its sole discretion that it is in the best interests of Windstream and its stockholders for the executive officer to repay the covered compensation. The policy is limited to compensation that is vested or paid based on the achievement of financial results that subsequently become subject to restatement. The Board can determine that a restatement applies to covered compensation if the vesting or payment of such compensation was based on the achievement of financial results that were subsequently the subject of a restatement, and the amount of compensation that would have been received by the executive officer had the financial results been properly reported, after giving effect to the restatement, would have been lower than the amount received. Each executive officer is required to sign an agreement that he or she has received, read and understood the policy. The policy provides that repayment and forfeiture remedies are not exclusive remedies and that Windstream may pursue every other right or remedy at law or in equity available.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During 2019, Messrs. LaPerch, Beall and Turek served on the Committee. No member of the Committee had any relationship requiring disclosure under the section titled “Relationships and Certain Related Transactions” included in Item 13 of this Amendment. During 2019, none of our executive officers served on the compensation committee (or its equivalent) or board of directors of another entity whose executive officer served on either the Committee or our Board of Directors.

Risk Oversight

Management of Windstream has the primary responsibility for managing the risks facing the Company, subject to the oversight of the Board. Each committee of the Board assists the Board in discharging its risk oversight role by performing the subject matter responsibilities outlined above in the description of each committee. The Board retains full oversight responsibility for all subject matters not assigned to committees, including risks presented by business strategy, financing matters, competition, regulation, general industry trends, including the disruptive impact of technological changes, capital structure and allocation, mergers and acquisitions, and any other strategic initiatives. With respect to compensation matters, the Committee has assessed the risks that could arise from its compensation policies for all employees, including employees who are not officers, and has concluded that such policies are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Windstream. To the extent that Windstream’s compensation programs create a potential misalignment of risk incentives, the Committee believes that it has adequate compensating controls to mitigate the potential impact of any such misalignment, including the clawback policy for senior executives. The result is a strong alignment between the interests of management and stockholders.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The Compensation Committee has reviewed the disclosures under the caption “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” contained in Item 11 of Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and has discussed such disclosures with the management of Windstream Holdings, Inc. Based on such review and discussion, the Committee recommended to the Windstream Board of Directors that the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” be included in Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Compensation Committee

William G. LaPerch, Chair

Samuel E. Beall, III

Walter L. Turek

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The following table shows compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the NEOs in fiscal year 2019 and, as applicable, in fiscal years 2018 and 2017.



Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary ($)	Bonus ($)	Stock Awards ($)	Option Awards ($)	Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (1)	Change in Pension Value and Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (2)	All Other Compensation ($) (3)	Total ($)
Tony Thomas President & CEO	2019	1,000,000	-	-	-	5,650,474	39,251	12,910	6,702,635
	2018	1,000,000	-	-	1,381,250	2,661,742	-	12,710	5,055,702
	2017	1,000,000	-	3,131,379	-	1,195,680	22,270	85,659	5,434,988
Robert E. Gunderman Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer	2019	500,000	-	-	-	2,092,770	-	12,110	2,604,880
	2018	500,000	-	-	504,900	849,492	-	14,285	1,868,677
	2017	475,000	-	1,143,054	-	381,600	-	37,478	2,037,132
Layne Levine President - Enterprise	2019	447,115	300,000⁽⁵⁾	-	-	1,123,196	-	14,055	1,884,366
	2018	425,000	-	-	212,500	532,109	-	12,300	1,181,909
	2017	187,500	1,010,000	1,500,002	-	-	-	27,588	2,725,090
Jeff Small President - Kinetic	2019	394,231	166,666⁽⁶⁾	-	-	1,121,460	-	11,542	1,693,899
	2018	350,000	166,667	-	170,000	634,366	-	11,245	1,322,278
	2017	325,577	186,667	262,846	-	312,985	-	24,306	1,112,381
Kristi Moody Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary (4)	2019 2018	372,115 344,231	- -	- -	- 127,500	860,514 297,322	- -	11,579 14,932	1,244,208 783,985


(1)	These amounts are amounts earned under the KEIP. Amounts were earned following certification of results (1H19, 3Q19, 4Q19) at the August, November and February Committee meetings.


(2)	Pension value for Mr. Thomas increased by $39,251 during 2019. No other NEOs participate in the Windstream Pension Plan. There were no “above-market earnings” for 2019 under the Windstream 2007 Deferred Compensation Plan.


(3)	For 2019, the amounts shown in this column are comprised of (i) Company matching contributions under the Windstream 401(k) Plan of $11,200 for each NEO and (ii) imputed income for value over $50,000 of life insurance coverage provided by Windstream.


(4)	Ms. Moody was not a NEO in 2017.

(5)

In 2018, the Committee granted Mr. Levine a special one-time cash retention grant in the amount of $300,000 that was scheduled to vest over a 3-year period, one-third (1/3) of which vested in 2019. On February 22, 2019, the Board accelerated payment of the remainder of the retention award, provided that if Mr. Levine voluntarily terminates his employment or is terminated by Windstream for cause, then Windstream would be entitled to recoup that portion of the cash grant that would have lapsed as of the termination date based on the original vesting schedule. This amount represents the full amount of the cash retention award (including the accelerated portion subject to the clawback).

(6)

On February 22, 2019, the Board accelerated payment of the last one-third (1/3) of a retention cash award granted to Mr. Small in 2016, provided that if Mr. Small voluntarily terminates his employment or is terminated by Windstream for cause, then Windstream would be entitled to recoup that portion of the cash grant that would have lapsed as of the termination date based on the original vesting schedule.

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS

The following table shows information regarding grants made by Windstream during 2019 to the NEOs pursuant to the KEIP described in the section titled “Components of Executive Compensation-Key Employee Incentive Plan (“KEIP”)” in this Item 11. There were no grants of equity-based awards made in 2019.



Name	Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Award
Name	Threshold ($)	Target ($)	Maximum ($)
Tony Thomas	2,565,000	5,130,000	10,260,000

Robert E. Gunderman	950,000	1,900,000	3,800,000

Layne Levine	570,000	1,140,000	2,280,000

Jeff Small	540,000	1,080,000	2,160,000

Kristi Moody	390,625	781,250	1,562,500

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

The following table shows information regarding outstanding equity awards under the Windstream equity incentive plans held by NEOs as of December 31, 2019.



Name	Option Awards				Stock Awards
			Option exercise price ($)	Option expiration date	Time-Based Vesting Restricted Stock		Performance-Based Vesting Restricted Stock or Units
	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#) (1)	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#) (1)	Option exercise price ($)	Option expiration date	Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)	Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($) (2)	Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#)	Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ($) (2)
Tony Thomas	108,334	216,666	7.50	2/6/28	14,660 (3) 26,363 (4)	1,319 2,373	43,979 (5)	3,958
Robert E. Gunderman	39,600	79,200	7.50	2/6/28	5,359 (3) 9,853 (4)	482 887	16,076 (5)	1,447
Layne Levine	16,667	33,333	7.50	2/6/28	47,170 (3) 47,170 (4)	4,245 4,245
Jeff Small	13,334	26,666	7.50	2/6/28	1,353 (3) 12,072 (4)	122 1,086	4,060 (5)	365
Kristi Moody	10,000	20,000	7.50	2/6/28	1,128 (3) 2,283 (4)	102 205	3,383 (5)	304


(1)	These stock options were granted February 6, 2018. The stock options vest in 3 equal installments beginning March 1, 2019.


(2)	Market values calculated using the closing price of Windstream common stock on December 31, 2019, which was $0.09 per share.


(3)	These shares were scheduled to vest in full on March 1, 2020, but effective February 17, 2020, the Committee approved extending the vesting date from March 1, 2020 to December 1, 2020.


(4)	These shares were scheduled to vest in full on March 1, 2019, but effective November 27, 2019, the Committee approved extending the vesting date from March 1, 2019 to December 1, 2020.


(5)	Represents 2017 PBRSUs at target scheduled to vest March 1, 2020, if at all, based on the Company's achievement of a specified level of Adjusted Free Cash Flow over the three-year period ended December 31, 2019. As a result of actual performance, none of these shares vested.

OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED

The following table shows information regarding the vesting of equity-based awards during 2019.



	Stock Awards (1)
Name	Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) (2)	Value Realized on Vesting ($) (3)
Tony Thomas	34,060	12,677
Robert E. Gunderman	13,079	4,868
Layne Levine	-	-
Jeff Small	-	-
Kristi Moody	3,362	1,251


(1)	No stock options were exercised by any NEO in 2019.

(2)

Represents shares of Windstream common stock underlying PBRSUs that vested on March 1, 2019. The Board of Directors elected to delay delivery of such vested shares until December 1, 2019, and then further delayed delivery of such vested shares again until March 14, 2020, subject to acceleration upon a “change in control” and certain qualifying events of termination of employment. Prior to delivery, all of the NEOs declined delivery of the shares.


(3)	The amounts in this column represented the value realized upon vesting based on the closing price of $0.3722 per share; however, the NEOs never realized such value as they declined delivery of the underlying shares.

RETIREMENT BENEFITS

The following table shows certain information regarding benefits for Tony Thomas under certain retirement plans, specifically the Windstream Pension Plan and Benefit Restoration Plan as of December 31, 2019. No other current or former NEOs have benefits under these plans.



Name	Plan Name	Number of Years Credited Service (#) (1)		Present Value of Accumulated Benefit ($) (2)		Payments During Last Fiscal Year ($)
Tony Thomas	Pension Plan		7		163,260		-
	Benefit Restoration Plan		-		13,937		-


(1)	Recognizes prior service under the Alltel Corporation Pension Plan and the Alltel Corporation Benefit Restoration Plan.

(2)

The present value of accumulated benefits includes the present value of the benefits transferred from the Alltel Corporation Pension Plan and the Alltel Corporation Benefit Restoration Plan assumed by Windstream at the time it spun off from Alltel in 2006. The present value of accumulated benefits was calculated based on retirement at age 60 with 20 years of credited service, current compensation as of December 31, 2019, no pre-retirement decrements, the Pri-2012 projected forward with generational improvement using scale MP-2019, and a 3.37% discount rate, which is the same rate used for preparing Windstream’s consolidated financial statements.

The following summarizes the material terms of these retirement plans.

Windstream Pension Plan

The Windstream Pension Plan (“Pension Plan”) is a tax-qualified defined benefit plan and generally covers salaried and non-salaried employees of Windstream and those subsidiary companies that have adopted the Pension Plan. Accruals are frozen for non-bargaining employees. No NEOs were eligible for continuing accruals under the Pension Plan as of the end of 2019.

The Pension Plan’s accrued benefit is payable in the form of a monthly life annuity following normal retirement at age 65 (or, if later, at five years of service or at the fifth anniversary of participation). The accrued benefit is also payable in a monthly life

annuity following early retirement at or after age 55 with at least 20 years of service (with reduction in the life annuity of 0.25% for each month that commencement precedes age 60) or at or after age 60 with 15 years of service (with reduction in the life annuity of 0.25% for each month that commencement precedes age 65 for a participant whose benefit commences before age 62). As of the end of 2019, no NEOs satisfied the foregoing age and service requirements to commence receipt of an early retirement benefit under the Pension Plan.

For deferred vested participants (i.e., those who terminate employment before early retirement), the accrued benefit is payable in a monthly life annuity beginning at normal retirement age. If a deferred vested participant has 15 years of service, the accrued benefit is also payable in a monthly life annuity beginning as early as age 60 (with reduction in the life annuity of 0.50% for each month commencement precedes age 65), and, if the deferred vested participant has at least 20 years of service, the accrued benefit is also payable in a monthly life annuity beginning as early as age 55 (with reduction in the life annuity of 0.50% for each month commencement precedes age 65).

For a participant eligible for normal retirement or early retirement, payment is also available in actuarial equivalent joint and surviving spouse annuities, which provide a reduced monthly amount for the participant’s life with the surviving spouse receiving 50%, 75% or 100%, as elected, of the reduced monthly amount, or in an actuarial equivalent 10-year certain and life annuity, which provides a reduced monthly amount for the participant’s life and, if the participant dies within 10 years of benefit commencement, with payments to a designated beneficiary for the remainder of the 10-year certain period. For a married deferred vested participant, payment is also available in the form of an actuarial equivalent joint and 50% or 75% surviving spouse annuity, as elected. If a vested participant dies before benefit commencement, an annuity generally is payable to the participant’s surviving spouse in an amount based on the joint and 50% surviving spouse annuity that would have been payable to the participant beginning on the later of when the participant died or would have been eligible to commence a benefit.

Under the Pension Plan, post-January 1, 1988 through December 31, 2005 service (December 31, 2010 service for employees who had attained age 40 with two years of vesting service as of December 31, 2005) is credited at 1% of compensation, including salary, bonus and other non-equity incentive compensation, plus 0.4% of that part of the participant’s compensation in excess of the Social Security taxable wage base for such year. Service prior to 1988, if any, is credited on the basis of a percentage of the participant’s highest consecutive five-year average annual salary, equal to 1% for each year of service prior to 1982 and thereafter increasing by 0.05% each year until 1988, but only prospectively, i.e., with respect to service earned in such succeeding year. In addition, participants receive an additional credit of 0.25% for each pre-1988 year of service after age 55, subject to a maximum of 10 years of credit, plus an amount equal to 0.4% of the amount by which the participant’s pre-1988 career average annual base salary (three highest years) exceeds his or her Social Security covered compensation, multiplied by his or her years of pre-1988 credited service.

Windstream Benefit Restoration Plan

The Windstream Benefit Restoration Plan (“BRP”) contains an unfunded, unsecured pension benefit for a group of highly compensated employees whose benefits are reduced due to the IRS compensation limits for qualified plans. This plan was established by Alltel Corporation (“Alltel”) and assumed by Windstream at the time it spun off from Alltel in 2006. Accruals are frozen for employees. No NEOs continued to be eligible for accruals in the pension benefit of the BRP as of the end of 2019. The pension benefit under the BRP is calculated as the excess, if any, of (x) the participant’s Pension Plan benefit (on a single life-annuity basis payable commencing on the later of the participant’s retirement date or age 65) without regard to the IRS compensation limit ($280,000 for 2019) over (y) the participant’s regular Pension Plan benefit (on a single life-annuity basis payable commencing on the later of the participant’s retirement date or age 65 regardless of the actual form or timing of payment). If the participant has not attained age 65 on the date his or her benefit is scheduled to commence, the BRP benefit is reduced to the extent as the Pension Plan benefit would have been reduced based on reduction factors as in effect on December 31, 2007. For purposes of the preceding calculations, compensation has the same meaning provided in the foregoing description of the Pension Plan. The payment of a participant’s retirement benefit under the BRP shall commence as of the first day of the first month following the later of (i) his or her 60th birthday or (ii) the six-month anniversary of the participant’s separation from service. Benefits are paid over the life of the participant if the participant is alive when benefits commence or over the life of the spouse if the benefit is paid as a pre-retirement death benefit. The benefit will be paid in one lump sum payment if the actuarial present value is less than $30,000. To the extent permitted by Section 409A of the Code, the Benefits Committee, comprised of the President & Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Human Resources Officer and Vice President-Compensation & Benefits, authorized by the Board of Directors to manage the operation and administration of all employee benefit plans, including non-qualified plans, may direct that the benefit be paid in an alternative form provided that it is the actuarial equivalent of the normal form of benefit so that the BRP benefit is paid in the same form as the Pension Plan benefit. No NEOs were yet eligible to commence their benefits under the BRP as of the end of 2019.

Windstream 2007 Deferred Compensation Plan

The Windstream 2007 Deferred Compensation Plan (the “2007 Plan”) is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan offered to executive officers and other key employees. Due to low participation, the 2007 Plan was frozen to new contributions as of January 1, 2018. The 2007 Plan also allowed Windstream to make discretionary contributions to the 2007 Plan to replace contributions that Windstream is limited from making to its 401(k) qualified plan as a result of limits imposed by the Code. These discretionary contributions equal the amount that could have been credited to the executive officers as a matching contribution under Windstream’s 401(k) plan had compensation not been limited under the 401(k) plan by the Code, plus the amount, if any, by which the executive officer’s matching contribution under the Windstream 401(k) Plan is reduced due to the executive officer’s contributions to the 2007 Plan. Participant accounts are credited with earnings based on a portfolio of investment funds. Payments are made under the 2007 Plan in cash at certain future dates as specified by the participants or upon separation of service. Whether or not payments will be made under the 2007 Plan is ultimately dependent on the outcome of the Chapter 11 Cases. The following table shows certain information regarding contributions and aggregate balances for the NEOs under the 2007 Plan as of December 31, 2019.



Name	Executive Contributions in 2019 ($)		Windstream Contributions in 2019 ($) (1)		Aggregate Earnings in 2019 ($) (2)		Aggregate Withdrawals/ Distributions ($)		Aggregate Balance at 12/31/2019 ($) (3) (4)
Tony Thomas		-		-		231,287		-		1,239,442
Robert E. Gunderman		-		-		42,826		-		220,810
Layne Levine		-		-		363		-		17,320
Jeff Small		-		-		256		-		12,228
Kristi Moody		-		-		253		-		12,084


(1)	Company contributions ceased in 2018.


(2)	There were no “above-market earnings” for 2019, and as such, none of these amounts were included in the Summary Compensation Table.


(3)	Balances are paid following termination or upon a date chosen by participant subject to compliance with Section 409A of the Code.


(4)	All amounts contributed by a NEO and Windstream in prior years have been reported in the Summary Compensation Tables in previously filed proxy statements in the year earned to the extent the NEO was for purposes of the SEC’s executive compensation disclosure.

POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON DEATH, DISABILITY, TERMINATION OR CHANGE-IN-CONTROL

The benefits payable to each NEO upon death, disability, termination or change-in-control are subject to the provisions of certain agreements, plans and arrangements discussed below. The actual amounts that would be paid to each NEO can be determined only at the time the actual triggering event occurs. The estimated amount payable or provided to each NEO in each situation summarized below assumes that the triggering event occurred on December 31, 2019 (and that the Company had not commenced the Chapter 11 Cases) and are in addition to the benefits which the NEOs would be entitled to receive under the retirement plans and programs described in the section titled “Retirement Benefits” above. Note that NEOs who are considered “insiders” under the Bankruptcy Code may not be eligible to receive all or a portion of the described payments or benefits if terminated prior to the Company’s emergence from bankruptcy. This section identifies and quantifies the extent to which those retirement benefits are enhanced or accelerated upon the triggering events described below.

None of the NEOs is eligible to receive a tax gross-up payment for the golden parachute excise tax imposed on the change-in-control severance benefits under Sections 280G and 4999 of the tax code. Instead, each of them would either (i) have his or her severance benefits reduced to a level such that the golden parachute excise tax would not apply, or (ii) receive all the benefits to which he or she is entitled and pay the related excise tax, whichever would result in the greater net after-tax benefit to the executive.

The amounts in the tables below assume that the severance benefits would not be reduced.

Death or Disability

In the event that an NEO dies or becomes disabled, the NEO (or such NEO’s beneficiary) will be entitled to (i) the immediate vesting of any unvested restricted stock, the target number of PBRSUs, and unvested stock options (with disability determined by the Committee in its sole discretion), and (ii) the target bonus under Windstream’s annual short-term incentive plan pro-rated

on the basis of the ratio of the number of days of participation during the plan year to the number of days during the plan year and paid by Windstream in a lump sum following the end of the year (with disability defined as incapacity resulting in the executive being unable to engage in gainful employment at his usual occupation by reason of any medically demonstrable physical or mental condition, excluding incapacity resulting from a felonious enterprise, chronic alcoholism or addiction to drugs or abuse, and self-inflicted injury or illness).

Termination or Change-in-Control

The benefits payable to each NEO upon a termination or change-in-control are subject to the provisions of certain agreements, plans and arrangements discussed below.

Tony Thomas

Pursuant to the amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. Thomas, the potential payments upon a termination or a change-in-control are as follows:

Outside of a Change-in-Control: In the event of a termination by Windstream without cause or by Mr. Thomas for good reason, Mr. Thomas would be entitled to a lump sum cash severance in the amount of (i) his annual base salary through the date of termination and any other vested benefits, in each case to the extent not previously paid, plus (ii) three times his annual base salary.

Change-in-Control: In the event of a termination by Windstream without cause or by Mr. Thomas for good reason following the announcement of a definitive agreement that, when consummated, would constitute a change-in-control and such change-in-control is consummated, or within the two-year period following a consummated change-in-control, Mr. Thomas would be entitled to (i) his annual base salary through the date of termination and any other vested benefits, (ii) a pro-rated amount of his target annual incentive compensation for the year of termination, (iii) three times the sum of his base salary and target annual incentive compensation (in each case, as in effect immediately prior to the change-in-control or, if higher, on the date of termination), (iv) a cash equivalent for three years of health care premiums and (v) outplacement services with a value of no more than $50,000. In addition, in the event of a termination by Windstream without cause or by Mr. Thomas for good reason within the two-year period following a change-in-control, Mr. Thomas’s unvested Windstream restricted stock, target number of PBRSUs, and unvested stock options would immediately vest in full.

In connection with any termination of employment, Mr. Thomas is restricted from soliciting employees or customers of or competing against Windstream and its affiliates for a certain period of time, and is required to sign a waiver and release of all claims against Windstream and its affiliates prior to receiving severance benefits.

Named Executive Officers (other than Tony Thomas)

Pursuant to change-in-control and severance agreements with each of the NEOs (other than Mr. Thomas), the potential payments upon a termination or a change-in-control are as follows:

In the event of a termination by the NEO without good reason, the NEO’s time-based restricted stock that would have vested during the one-year period following the date of termination will vest on the one year anniversary of the date of termination, contingent on the NEO’s compliance with the restrictive covenants.

Outside of a Change-in-Control: In the event of a termination by Windstream without cause or by the NEO for good reason, the NEO would be entitled to (i) base salary through the date of termination, reimbursable business expenses in accordance with company policies, any accrued, unused vacation pay, and any other vested benefits, (ii) for terminations that occur after April 1 of the fiscal year, a pro-rated amount of annual incentive compensation for the year of termination based on actual Windstream performance, (iii) the amount of any incentive compensation that has been allocated or awarded to the NEO for a completed fiscal year or other completed measuring period preceding the date of termination to the extent not previously paid, (iv) an amount equal to the sum of the base salary and target annual incentive compensation in effect on the date of termination, (v) a cash equivalent for 12 months of health care premiums, (vi) outplacement services with a value of no more than $25,000, and (vii) the NEO’s time-based restricted stock that would have vested during the one-year period following the date of termination will vest on the one-year anniversary of the date of termination, contingent on the NEO’s compliance with the restrictive covenants. Additionally, if Mr. Levine is terminated without cause prior to March 1, 2020, then the unvested portion of his inducement grant would immediately vest in full.

Change-in-Control: In the event of a termination by Windstream without cause or by the NEO for good reason within the two-year period following a change-in-control, the NEO would be entitled to (i) the amount of base salary through the date of termination, reimbursable business expenses in accordance with company policies, any accrued, unused vacation pay, and any other vested benefits, (ii) a pro-rated amount of the target annual incentive compensation in effect immediately prior to the change-in-control or, if higher, on the date of termination, (iii) the amount of any incentive compensation that has been allocated or awarded to the executive for a completed fiscal year or other completed measuring period preceding the date of termination to the extent not previously paid, (iv) two times (or in the case of Ms. Moody, 1.5 times) the sum of the executive’s base salary and target annual incentive compensation for each NEO (in each case, as in effect on the date of the change-in-control or if higher, on the date of termination), (v) a cash equivalent for health care premiums of 18 months, (vi) outplacement services with a value of no more than $25,000, and (vii) the NEO’s unvested Windstream restricted stock, target number of PBRSUs, and unvested stock options would immediately vest in full.

In connection with a termination of employment, a NEO is prohibited from soliciting employees or customers of or competing against Windstream and its affiliates for a certain period of time, and is required to sign a waiver and release of all claims against Windstream and its affiliates prior to receiving severance benefits.

Potential Payments

The following tables show the potential payments upon a hypothetical termination or change in control of the Company effective as of December 31, 2019 for the NEOs. In all tables, the value of the accelerated vesting of restricted shares, PBRSUs and stock options are based on closing prices of Windstream common stock on December 31, 2019, which was $0.09 per share. As noted above, NEOs who are considered “insiders” under the Bankruptcy Code may not be eligible to receive all or a portion of the described payments or benefits if terminated prior to the Company’s emergence from bankruptcy.

Tony Thomas



Type of Payment	Death or Disability ($)	Voluntary Termination without Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason following a Change-in-Control ($)
Cash Severance	—	—	3,000,000	18,390,000
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock	3,692	—	—	3,692
Accelerated Vesting of PBRSUs	3,958	—	—	3,958
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options	—	—	—	—
Accelerated Vesting of Cash Grant	2,000,000	—	—	2,000,000
Pro-rated Annual Incentive Compensation	5,650,474	—	5,650,474	5,650,474
Cash Equivalent for Health Care Premiums	—	—	—	46,302
Outplacement Services	—	—	—	50,000
Total	7,658,124	—	8,650,474	26,144,426

Robert E. Gunderman



Type of Payment	Death or Disability ($)	Voluntary Termination without Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason following a Change-in-Control ($)
Cash Severance	—	—	2,400,000	4,800,000
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock	1,369	1,369	1,369	1,369
Accelerated Vesting of PBRSUs	1,447	—	—	1,447
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options	—	—	—	—
Pro-rated Annual Incentive Compensation	2,092,770	—	2,092,770	2,092,770
Cash Equivalent for Health Care Premiums	—	—	16,431	24,647
Outplacement Services	—	—	25,000	25,000
Total	2,095,586	1,369	4,535,570	6,945,233

Layne Levine



Type of Payment	Death or Disability ($)	Voluntary Termination without Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason following a Change-in-Control ($)
Cash Severance	—	—	1,590,000	3,180,000
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock	—	—	—	—
Accelerated Vesting of PBRSUs	—	—	—	—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options	—	—	—	—
Pro-rated Annual Incentive Compensation	1,123,196	—	1,123,196	1,123,196
Cash Equivalent for Health Care Premiums	—	—	17,392	26,088
Outplacement Services	—	—	25,000	25,000
Accelerated Vesting of Inducement Grant	8,490	8,490	8,490	8,490
Accelerated Vesting of Cash Grant	—	—	—	—
Total	1,131,686	8,490	2,764,078	4,362,774

Jeff Small



Type of Payment	Death or Disability($)	Voluntary Termination without Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason following a Change-in-Control ($)
Cash Severance	—	—	1,480,000	2,960,000
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock	1,208	1,208	1,208	1,208
Accelerated Vesting of PBRSUs	365	—	—	365
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options	—	—	—	—
Accelerated Vesting of Cash Grant	—	—	—	—
Pro-rated Annual Incentive Compensation	1,121,460	—	1,121,460	1,121,460
Cash Equivalent for Health Care Premiums	—	—	20,022	30,033
Outplacement Services	—	—	25,000	25,000
Total	1,123,034	1,208	2,647,690	4,138,066

Kristi Moody



Type of Payment	Death or Disability ($)	Voluntary Termination without Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason ($)	Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason following a Change-in-Control ($)
Cash Severance	—	—	1,156,250	1,734,375
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock (1)	307	307	307	307
Accelerated Vesting of PBRSUs (1)	304	—	—	304
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options (1)	—	—	—	—
Pro-rated Annual Incentive Compensation	860,514	—	860,514	860,514
Cash Equivalent for Health Care Premiums	—	—	14,528	18,161
Outplacement Services	—	—	25,000	25,000
Total	861,125	307	2,056,599	2,638,661

CEO PAY RATIO

For 2019, the total annual compensation of our ~~Proxy Statement~~median employee was $71,778, and Mr. Thomas’ annual total compensation was $6,702,635. Based on this information, the ratio of the total annual compensation of our CEO to the annual total compensation of our median employee was 93-to-1.We identified our median compensated employee using our employee population as of December 31, 2019, which included all full-time, part-time, temporary and seasonal employees (other than our CEO) employed on that date. To identify the median compensated employee, we used a consistently applied compensation measure (CACM). For our CACM, we used W-2 earnings for 2018 reported in W-2 Box 5 (or the Canadian equivalent for our ~~2018~~employees located in Canada). The CACM was annualized for those employees hired during 2019. We converted currency for our Canadian employees using average annual exchange rates for 2019. We then calculated the median employee’s compensation in the same manner as the NEOs in the Summary Compensation Table.

This pay ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with SEC rules based on payroll and employment records and the methodology described above. The SEC rules for identifying the median compensated employee and calculating the pay ratio based on that employee’s annual total compensation allow companies to adopt a variety of methodologies, apply certain exclusions, and make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their compensation practices. As such, pay ratios reported by other companies may not be comparable to the pay ratio reported above, as other companies may utilize different methodologies, exclusions, estimates and assumptions in their compensation calculations.

Director Compensation

During 2019, Windstream’s Non-Employee Director Compensation Program provided for the following annual compensation: (1) a restricted cash grant of $100,000 to be paid in 2020; (2) a cash retainer of $90,000; (3) an additional cash retainer of $140,000 for the Board Chair; (4) additional cash retainers of $35,000, $35,000, $30,000 and $25,000 for the chairs of the Annual ~~Meeting~~Restructuring, Audit, Compensation and Governance Committees, respectively; and (5) additional cash retainers of ~~Stockholders,~~$17,500, $17,500, $15,000 and $12,500 for members of the Annual Restructuring, Audit, Compensation, and Governance Committees, respectively. In 2019, the Board of Directors approved amending the Director Compensation Program to provide non-employee directors with a $1,500 meeting fee for any Board or Board Committee meetings at which their attendance is required beyond the four standard meetings per year. The following table shows the compensation paid to the directors during 2019.



Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Stock Awards ($)		All Other Compensation ($) (1)	Total ($)
Alan L. Wells, Chair		373,000		—	263		373,263
Samuel E. Beall, III		124,500		—	263		124,763
Jeannie Diefenderfer		206,000		—	263		206,263
Jeffrey T. Hinson		159,000		—	263		159,263
William G. LaPerch		154,500		—	263		154,763
Julie A. Shimer		230,500		—	263		230,763
Michael G. Stoltz		235,500		—	263		235,763
Walter L. Turek		135,000		—	263		135,263


(1)	This amount is for travel insurance provided to all directors.

Appendix A to Item 11

RECONCILIATION OF NET LOSS TO ADJUSTED OIBDAR

In addition to financial results reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we utilize certain unaudited results of operations in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are ~~incorporated herein~~not calculated in accordance with GAAP. A “non-GAAP measure” is defined as a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes (or includes) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in a company’s financial statements. Adjusted OIBDAR, which is a non-GAAP measure, is operating loss before depreciation and amortization and goodwill impairment, adjusted to exclude straight-line expense under the contractual arrangement with Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”), merger, integration and other costs, restructuring charges, share-based compensation expense and certain other costs. This non-GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by ~~reference.~~other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance or liquidity prepared in accordance with GAAP. We use Adjusted OIBDAR as a key measure of our operational performance, and our management, including the chief operating decision-maker, uses Adjusted OIBDAR consistently for all purposes, including internal reporting, the evaluation of business objectives, opportunities and performance, and the determination of management compensation. Adjusted OIBDAR is included to provide investors with useful information about our operating performance before the impacts of certain non-cash items and to enhance the comparability of operating results between periods in order to focus on the true earnings capacity of our core business operations. Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, adjusted OIBDAR was also used by rating agencies and lenders to evaluate our operating performance and creditworthiness.

UNAUDITED ADJUSTED CONSOLIDATED RESULTS (NON-GAAP)

(In millions)



	First Half 2019			3rd Quarter 2019			4th Quarter 2019			Annual 2019
Reconciliation of Net Loss Under GAAP to Adjusted OBIDAR:
Net loss	$	(2,854.4	)	$	(115.5	)	$	(187.9	)	$	(3,157.8	)
Adjustments:
Other expense (income), net	10.2			(0.2		)	(2.2		)	7.8
Reorganization items, net	190.3			29.2			41.1			260.6
Interest expense	172.7			81.2			78.0			331.9
Income tax benefit	(323.0		)	(29.2		)	32.2			(320.0		)
Operating loss under GAAP	(2,804.2		)	(34.5		)	(38.8		)	(2,877.5		)
Depreciation and amortization	547.5			262.2			258.5			1,068.2
Goodwill impairment	2,712.3			—			—			2,712.3
Adjustments:
Straight-line expense under contractual arrangement with Uniti	337.7			168.8			168.7			675.2
Merger, integration and other costs	5.4			1.8			1.1			8.3
Restructuring charges	16.6			1.6			10.3			28.5
Share-based compensation expense	0.3			1.0			1.4			2.7
Other costs (B)	81.6			22.4			21.3			125.3
Adjusted OIBDAR (A)	$	897.2		$	423.3		$	422.5		$	1,743.0


(A)	Adjusted OIBDAR is operating loss before depreciation and amortization and goodwill impairment, adjusted to exclude straight-line expense under the contractual arrangement with Uniti, merger, integration and other costs, restructuring charges, share-based compensation expense and certain other costs.

(B)

Other costs primarily consist of spend commitment penalties incurred under certain carrier discount plans, which totaled $58.9 million in the first half of 2019, $22.4 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $21.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2019. In addition, these costs include a reserve of $19.7 million recorded in the second quarter of 2019 for a funding denial from USAC for the years 2012 to 2017 related to a large customer participating in the Universal Service Rural Healthcare Telecommunications Program. These costs also included $3.0 million of professional and legal fees incurred prior to February 25, 2019 related to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases.

CALCULATION OF BUSINESS UNIT CONTRIBUTION MARGIN

The table below sets forth the calculation for the Enterprise & Wholesale Contribution Margin:

(In millions)



	First Half 2019	3rd Quarter 2019	4th Quarter 2019	Annual 2019
Enterprise & Wholesale Contribution Margin:
Enterprise service revenues	$ 1,311.9	$ 618.6	$ 592.4	$ 2,522.9
Wholesale service revenues	165.6	79.3	77.4	322.3
Wholesale fiber sales	—	4.5	8.1	12.6
Total Enterprise & Wholesale service revenues	1,477.5	702.4	677.9	2,857.8
Enterprise end user surcharges	57.5	31.3	30.5	119.3
Enterprise product sales	18.7	9.2	8.4	36.3
Wholesale switched access revenues	15.1	6.3	5.9	27.3
Total Enterprise & Wholesale revenues and sales	1,568.8	749.2	722.7	3,040.7
Enterprise costs and expenses	1,116.3	532.9	509.9	2,159.1
Wholesale costs and expenses	53.0	24.3	24.1	101.4
Total Enterprise & Wholesale costs and expenses	1,169.3	557.2	534.0	2,260.5
Enterprise & Wholesale Contribution Margin (A)	$ 399.5	$ 192.0	$ 188.7	$ 780.2


(A)	Enterprise & Wholesale contribution margin is computed as revenues and sales less costs and expenses.

The table below sets forth the calculation for the Kinetic Contribution Margin:

(In millions)



	First Half 2019	3rd Quarter 2019	4th Quarter 2019	Annual 2019
Kinetic Contribution Margin:
Consumer revenues	$ 583.2	$ 287.5	$ 284.6	$ 1,155.3
Small business revenues	158.3	76.8	75.7	310.8
Regulatory and other revenues and sales	296.8	156.6	155.2	608.6
Total Kinetic revenues and sales	1,038.3	520.9	515.5	2,074.7
Kinetic costs and expenses	426.2	234.3	225.1	885.6
Kinetic Contribution Margin (B)	$ 612.1	$ 286.6	$ 290.4	$ 1,189.1


(B)	Kinetic contribution margin is computed as revenues and sales less costs and expenses.

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

~~For~~

SECURITY OWNERSHIP

Directors and Executive Officers. As of March 31, 2020, the following table sets forth the number of shares of Windstream common stock beneficially owned by our directors, our executive officers and by all directors and current executive officers of Windstream as a group. Except as otherwise indicated by footnote, the nature of the beneficial ownership is sole voting and investment power, and no shares are pledged as security:



	Shares Beneficially Owned (1)		Unvested Restricted Shares (2)		Total Shares Beneficially Owned		Percent of Class (if 1% or more)

Name of Beneficial Owners
Non-Management Directors
Alan L. Wells, Chair		36,594		13,699		50,293	*
Samuel E. Beall, III		12,751		13,699		26,450	*
Jeannie Diefenderfer		10,916		13,699		24,615	*
Jeffrey T. Hinson		11,310		13,699		25,009	*
William G. LaPerch		9,477		13,699		23,176	*
Julie A. Shimer		21,682		13,699		35,381	*
Michael G. Stoltz		13,543		13,699		27,242	*
Walter L. Turek		9,396		13,699		23,095	*
Named Executive Officers
Tony Thomas, President & CEO		81,696		41,023		122,719	*
Robert E. Gunderman		25,419		15,212		40,631	*
Layne Levine		36,708		94,340		131,048	*
Jeff Small		2,439		13,425		15,864	*
Kristi Moody		8,015		3,411		11,426	*
All Directors and Current Executive Officers as a Group (8 non-employee directors and 6 executive officers in total)		290,612		280,294		570,906	1.32%

*indicates less than one percent


(1)	This column excludes unvested restricted shares.


(2)	Unvested shares of restricted stock are deemed beneficially owned because grantees of unvested restricted stock under Windstream’s equity compensation plans hold the sole right to vote such shares.

Certain Beneficial Owners. Windstream Holdings, Inc. owns 100% of voting securities of Windstream Services, LLC. Set forth below is information, ~~pertaining~~as of March 31, 2020, with respect to any person known to Windstream to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class of Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s voting securities, all of which are shares of common stock:



	Name and Address	Amount and Nature
Title of Class	of Beneficial Owner	of Beneficial Ownership	Percent of Class
Common Stock	The Vanguard Group	2,999,054 (1)	6.97%
	100 Vanguard Blvd.
	Malvern, PA 19355


(1)	Based upon information contained in a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 11, 2019, The Vanguard Group has sole voting power over 36,664 shares, shared voting power over none of the shares, sole dispositive power over 2,962,390 shares and shared dispositive power over 36,664 shares.

Stock Ownership Guidelines. The Board of Directors has adopted minimum stock ownership guidelines that require Windstream’s directors and executive officers to meet minimum stock ownership levels equal to the lesser of (i) a value-based multiple of salary or retainer, as applicable, or (ii) a fixed number of shares of common stock. Effective May 7, 2019, the Board of Directors suspended application of the minimum stock ownership guidelines in light of Windstream’s restructuring and limited ability to issue restricted stock to those individuals subject to the guidelines. This suspension is in effect until further notice.

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When the minimum stock ownership guidelines are not suspended, directors who are not officers are expected to maintain minimum beneficial ownership of ~~our securities~~shares of Windstream common stock at levels equaling the lesser of either (i) 8,000 shares of common stock or (ii) a number of shares valued at least three times the annual cash retainer paid to non-employee directors (currently a value of $270,000). The table below sets forth the lesser applicable guideline share amount for each non-employee director and the number of shares of Windstream common stock that each such director ~~independence, refer~~is deemed to ~~“Security Ownership~~own under the guidelines as of March 31, 2020.



Non-Management Director	Guideline Share Amount	Shares Owned
Alan L. Wells, Chair	8,000	50,293
Samuel E. Beall, III	8,000	26,450
Jeannie Diefenderfer	8,000	24,615
Jeffrey T. Hinson	8,000	25,009
William G. LaPerch	8,000	23,176
Julie A. Shimer	8,000	35,381
Michael G. Stoltz	8,000	27,242
Walter L. Turek	8,000	23,095

Executive officers are expected to maintain minimum beneficial ownership of shares of Windstream common stock at levels equaling the lesser of either (i) a number of shares equal to the value-based multiple or (ii) a specified fixed number of shares, each as provided in the following table. The table below sets forth the number of shares of Windstream common stock that each NEO is deemed to own under the guidelines as of March 31, 2020. Currently the fixed number of shares is the applicable guideline share amount for each officer.



	Value-Based Multiple	Fixed Number of Shares	Shares Owned
Named Executive Officer	(1)	(2)	(3)
Tony Thomas	5x Salary	150,000 Shares	122,719
Robert E. Gunderman	3x Salary	40,000 Shares	40,631
Layne Levine	2x Salary	20,000 Shares	131,048
Jeff Small	2x Salary	20,000 Shares	15,864
Kristi Moody	2x Salary	20,000 Shares	11,426


(1)	For the value-based multiple, ownership levels are calculated as of December 31 of each year by dividing (i) the total dollar value of shares required to be beneficially owned by (ii) the 30-day average stock price of a share of common stock for the period ending on December 31.


(2)	The fixed numbers of shares of common stock are adjusted to reflect stock splits or similar changes to the capital structure of Windstream.


(3)	Mr. Thomas has until December 2020 and Mr. Small and Ms. Moody have until February 2023 to attain applicable stock ownership levels.

Directors and ~~Executive Officers”, “Security Ownership~~executive officers have five years from the date they become subject to the guidelines, or the date of ~~Certain Beneficial Owners”~~any change to increase applicable ownership levels under the guidelines, to attain the ownership levels described above. During the transition period and ~~“Board~~until the director or officer satisfies the specified ownership levels, the guidelines impose a retention ratio that provides that each director and ~~Board Committee Matters” in our Proxy Statement~~officer is expected to retain at least 50% of the shares received, net of tax payment obligations, upon the vesting of restricted stock or the exercise of stock options. Directors and officers are also required to hold for ~~our 2018 Annual Meeting~~at least six months all shares received, net of ~~Stockholders, which~~tax payment obligations, upon vesting of restricted equity awards or the exercise of stock options. For the purposes of the guidelines, unvested time-based shares or units of restricted stock are ~~incorporated herein~~considered beneficially owned, while unvested performance-based shares or units of restricted stock do not count toward satisfaction of the stock ownership guidelines for officers. Additionally, the share equivalent of the in-the-money value of any exercisable stock options, measured as of December 31 (in-the-money value divided by ~~reference.~~the stock price) count toward satisfaction of the guidelines.

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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

~~For~~The information ~~pertaining to Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, refer to “Relationships and Certain Related Transactions” in our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting~~required by Item 407(a) of ~~Stockholders, which~~Regulation S-K is incorporated herein by ~~reference.~~reference to the discussion of director independence included in Item 10 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Windstream has adopted a written policy for the review and approval of related party transactions. The Governance Committee is responsible for the review and approval of transactions covered by the policy, although transactions can also be approved by the disinterested members of the Board of Directors.

Under the policy and subject to the exceptions noted below, the Governance Committee or the Board must approve any transaction in which Windstream is a participant, the amount involved equals or exceeds $120,000, and the transaction is required to be disclosed under SEC rules regarding related party transactions. To be approved, the transaction must be on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in arm’s-length dealings with an unrelated third party or otherwise determined to be fair and in the best interests of Windstream. The persons covered by the policy are Windstream’s directors, director nominees, executive officers, immediate family members of any of the foregoing, and any entity that is controlled by any of the foregoing persons.

In April 2015, Windstream spun off (the “REIT Spin-off”) certain network assets into an independent, publicly traded real-estate investment trust, Uniti Group Inc. (“Uniti”). Kenneth Gunderman, a brother of Robert Gunderman, Windstream’s Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (and a named executive officer), is President and Chief Executive Officer of Uniti. In connection with the REIT Spin-off, on April 24, 2015, Windstream Holdings, Inc., entered into a long-term triple-net master lease with Uniti to lease back the telecommunications network assets. Under the arrangement, Windstream has the exclusive right to use the telecommunications network assets for an initial term of 15 years with up to four, 5-year renewal options. The arrangement provides for annual rent of $650.0 million paid in advance in equal monthly installments and after the first three years, rent increases annually at an escalator of 0.5 percent. Uniti and Windstream amended the arrangement in February 2016 that established a method whereby Windstream will be permitted to enter into fiber swap arrangements that extend beyond the then current term of the master lease. During 2019, Windstream paid approximately $659.0 million in rent.

On July 25, 2019, as part of the restructuring process, Windstream filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in an adversary proceeding against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging, among other things, that the master lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, that certain rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by us under the master lease constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, that the master lease is a lease of personal property and that Uniti breached certain of its obligations under the master lease. On March 2, 2020, Windstream jointly announced with Uniti that it had reached an agreement in principle to settle any and all claims and causes of action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the context of our bankruptcy. At a hearing held on May 7-8, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court approved the settlement resolving the pending litigation. As part of the settlement, Windstream and Uniti amended the master lease to separate the terms into two leases for ILEC and CLEC assets. The approved settlement is subject to certain regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including Uniti’s receipt of satisfactory "true lease" and REIT opinions, which remain outstanding. For additional information regarding the settlement with Uniti, see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement of this Annual Report Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Except as noted above, there were no commercial transactions between related parties and Windstream that required disclosure in Item 13 of this Annual Report Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Transactions covered by the policy do not include the provision of services, the sale of products or other transactions conducted by Windstream in the ordinary course of business and on terms generally available to employees or customers. Covered transactions also do not include an employment or service relationship involving a director or executive officer and any related compensation resulting from that relationship that is approved by Windstream’s Compensation Committee or is disclosed in Item 11 of this Annual Report Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the SEC’s executive compensation rules. Additionally, covered transactions do not include employment relationships of immediate family members of executive officers as long as the immediate family member is not also an executive officer and is not related to the CEO or a director. Any employment relationships with immediate family members of executive officers that are not subject to the policy require the approval of the CEO. The Governance Committee receives an annual report disclosing the terms of all related party transactions, including transactions that do not require pre-approval by the Committee.

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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

~~For information pertaining~~Aggregate fees for professional services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were:



In thousands	2019		2018
Audit Fees (a)	$	3,931	$	4,285
Audit-Related Fees (b)		2,685		220
Tax Fees (c)		65		372
All Other Fees (d)		4		8
Total	$	6,685	$	4,885

(a)

Audit fees include fees for the annual audit and quarterly reviews of the consolidated financial statements as well as attestation reports required by statute or regulation, comfort letters and consents in respect to Securities and Exchange Commission filings, and accounting and financial reporting consultations. The decrease in 2019 is primarily due to incremental billings for audit procedures performed related to the debt exchanges and issuances of comfort letters during 2018.

(b)

Audit-related fees are comprised of assurance and related services that are traditionally performed by the independent registered public accountant and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” For 2019, these fees primarily included $2,270,000 of incremental assurance services performed by PwC in connection with the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, $285,000 of incremental assurance services performed by PwC in connection with Windstream’s adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and $130,000 in incremental out-of-pocket expenses. Excluded from the 2019 and 2018 amounts are $41,000 and $39,000, respectively, paid by the Windstream Pension Plan Trust for the audit of the Windstream Pension Plan. Also excluded from the 2019 and 2018 amounts are $65,000 and $62,000, respectively, of fees paid directly by the Windstream 401(k) Plan for the audits of this benefit plan.


(c)	Tax fees are principally comprised of fees for tax consulting services provided by PwC.


(d)	All other fees are comprised of fees which cannot be associated with the categories previously noted.

All services to ~~fees paid~~be performed for Windstream by PwC must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee or a designated member of the Audit Committee pursuant to ~~our principal accountant~~the Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and ~~the~~Procedures. The Audit Committee’s pre-approval policy provides that Windstream may engage PwC for non-audit services (i) only if such services are not prohibited from being performed by PwC under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or any other applicable law or regulation and ~~procedures with respect~~(ii) if such services are tax-related services, such services are one or more of the following tax-related services: tax return preparation and review; advice on income tax, tax accounting, sales/use tax, excise tax and other miscellaneous tax matters; tax advice and implementation assistance on restructurings, mergers and acquisition matters and other tax strategies. The pre-approval policy also provides that any request for approval for PwC to ~~such fees, refer~~perform a permitted non-audit service must be accompanied by a discussion of the reasons why PwC should be engaged to ~~“Audit and Non-Audit Fees”~~perform the services. None of the services described in ~~our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting~~the table above were approved pursuant to the de minimis exception provided in Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) of ~~Stockholders, which is incorporated herein~~Regulation S-X promulgated by ~~reference.~~the SEC.

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Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Windstream Services, LLC

Form 10-K, Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules


(a)	The following documents are filed as a part of this report:



1.	Financial Statements: Our Consolidated Financial Statements are included in the Financial Supplement, which is incorporated by reference herein:
		Financial Supplement Page Number
	Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	~~F-40~~F-41 – ~~F-42~~F-43
	Windstream Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statements of Operations - for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~	~~F-44~~
	~~Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) -~~ ~~for the years ended December 31,~~ 2017 ~~2016, and 2015~~	F-45
	Consolidated ~~Balance Sheets~~Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - ~~as of~~ for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019, 2018 and ~~2016~~2017	F-46
	Consolidated ~~Statements~~Balance Sheets - as of ~~Cash Flows -~~ ~~for the years ended~~ December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019 and ~~2015~~2018	F-47
	Consolidated Statements of ~~Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)~~Cash Flows - for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-48
	~~Windstream Services, LLC Consolidated Financial Statements~~
	Consolidated Statements of ~~Operations~~Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) - for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-49
	Windstream Services, LLC Consolidated Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statements of ~~Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~Operations - for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-50
	Consolidated ~~Balance Sheets~~Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - ~~as of~~ for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019, 2018 and ~~2016~~2017	F-51
	Consolidated ~~Statements~~Balance Sheets - as of ~~Cash Flows -~~ ~~for the years ended~~ December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019 and ~~2015~~2018	F-52
	Consolidated Statements of ~~Member Equity (Deficit)~~Cash Flows - for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-53
	~~Notes to~~ Consolidated ~~Financial~~ Statements of Member Equity (Deficit) - for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F-54 – ~~F-115~~
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-55 – F-114
		Form 10-K
2.	Financial Statement Schedules:	Page Number
	Windstream Holdings, Inc.
	Schedule I. Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant - as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	3865 – 4168
	Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Windstream Services, LLC
	Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts - for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	4269

3.	Exhibits:
	Exhibit Index	4471 – 4876

All other schedules are omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.		WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC
(Registrant)		(Registrant)



By	/s/ Anthony W. Thomas	Date:	~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020
Anthony W. Thomas, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



By	/s/ Robert E. Gunderman	Date:	~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020
Robert E. Gunderman, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer ~~(Principal~~(Principal Financial Officer)

By	/s/ Anthony W. Thomas		~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020
Anthony W. Thomas, President and Chief Executive Officer

By	/s/ John C. Eichler		~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020
John C. Eichler, Senior Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)



	*Carol B. Armitage, Director

	*Samuel E. Beall, III, Director

	*Jeannie Diefenderfer, Director

	*Jeffrey T. Hinson, Director

	*William G. LaPerch, Director

	*~~Larry Laque, Director~~

	*Julie Shimer, ~~Director~~

	*Marc Stoll, Director

	*Michael G. Stoltz, Director

	*Walter Turek, Director

	*Alan L. Wells, Director



By		/s/ Kristi M. Moody
		* (Kristi M. Moody,
		Attorney-in-fact)
~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020

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WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF

THE REGISTRANT (PARENT COMPANY)

STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the years ended December 31,



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Operating revenues:
Leasing income from subsidiaries	$	659.1		$	655.7		$	653.5
Total operating revenues	659.1			655.7			653.5
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services	675.2			—			—
Selling, general and administrative	2.2			1.8			1.9
Depreciation expense	—			344.0			336.2
Total costs and expenses	677.4			345.8			338.1
Operating (loss) income	(18.3		)	309.9			315.4
Interest expense on long-term lease obligation with Uniti	—			(467.0		)	(484.9		)
Loss before income taxes and equity in subsidiaries	(18.3		)	(157.1		)	(169.5		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	4.7			(799.9		)	(374.7		)
Loss before equity in subsidiaries	(13.6		)	(957.0		)	(544.2		)
Equity (losses) earnings from subsidiaries	(3,144.2		)	234.0			(1,572.4		)
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,170.8	)	$	(714.2	)	$	(2,101.1	)

(Millions) 2017 2016 2015
Operating revenues:
Leasing income from subsidiaries $ 653.5
$ 653.6
$ 446.0
Total operating revenues 653.5
653.6
446.0
Costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative 1.9
1.7
2.0
Depreciation expense 336.2
354.0
239.7
Total costs and expenses 338.1
355.7
241.7
Operating income 315.4
297.9
204.3
Interest expense on long-term lease obligation with Uniti (484.9 ) (500.8 ) (351.6 )
Loss before income taxes and equity in subsidiaries (169.5 ) (202.9 ) (147.3 )
Income tax benefit (43.0 ) (78.4 ) (57.0 )
Loss before equity in subsidiaries (126.5 ) (124.5 ) (90.3 )
Equity (losses) earnings from subsidiaries (1,990.1 ) (259.0 ) 117.7
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4
Comprehensive loss $ (2,101.1 ) $ (93.2 ) $ (269.1 )

See Notes to Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company) and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K

3865

WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF

THE REGISTRANT (PARENT COMPANY)

BALANCE SHEETS

(Millions, except par value)



Assets	2019			2018
Current Assets:
Distributions receivable from Windstream Services	$	0.7		$	0.5
Total current assets	0.7			0.5
Investment and affiliate related balances	—			1,383.9
Net property, plant and equipment	—			1,267.1
Operating lease right-of-use asset	3,703.0			—
Deferred income taxes	4.1			—
Total Assets	$	3,707.8		$	2,651.5
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities:
Accrued dividends and other	$	0.6		$	0.5
Current portion of long-term lease obligation	—			4,570.3
Total current liabilities	0.6			4,570.8
Advances/losses in excess of investment in subsidiaries	2,062.4			—
Liabilities subject to compromise	3,719.2			—
Total liabilities	5,782.2			4,570.8
Shareholders’ Deficit:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 75.0 shares authorized,
42.9 and 36.5 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	1,253.1			1,250.4
Accumulated other comprehensive income	22.6			35.6
Accumulated deficit	(3,350.1		)	(3,205.3		)
Total shareholders’ deficit	(2,074.4		)	(1,919.3		)
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit	$	3,707.8		$	2,651.5

Assets 2017
2016
Current Assets:
Distributions receivable from Windstream Services $ 1.1
$ 15.0
Total current assets 1.1
15.0
Investment and affiliate related balances 292.3
1,937.5
Net property, plant and equipment 1,611.1
1,947.3
Deferred income taxes 1,556.6
1,212.9
Total Assets $ 3,461.1
$ 5,112.7
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accrued dividends $ 1.0
$ 15.0
Current portion of long-term lease obligation 188.6
168.7
Total current liabilities 189.6
183.7
Long-term lease obligation 4,570.4
4,759.0
Total liabilities 4,760.0
4,942.7
Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 375.0 shares authorized,
182.7 and 96.3 shares issued and outstanding, respectively —
—
Additional paid-in capital 1,191.9
559.7
Accumulated other comprehensive income 21.4
5.9
Accumulated deficit (2,512.2 ) (395.6 )
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) (1,298.9 ) 170.0
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) $ 3,461.1
$ 5,112.7

3966

WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF

THE REGISTRANT (PARENT COMPANY)

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended December 31,



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017

Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided from operations:
Equity losses (earnings) from subsidiaries	3,144.2			(234.0		)	1,572.4
Depreciation expense	—			344.0			336.2
Non-cash portion of rent expense	16.1			—			—
Deferred income taxes	(4.1		)	800.1			376.4
Net cash (used in) provided from operating activities	(1.6		)	187.1			168.4
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Distributions from Windstream Services	1.6			1.6			83.7
Dividends paid to shareholders	—			—			(64.4		)
Contribution to Windstream Services	—			(12.2		)	(9.6		)
Proceeds from the issuance of stock	—			12.2			9.6
Stock repurchases	—			—			(19.0		)
Payments under long-term lease obligation	—			(188.7		)	(168.7		)
Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities	1.6			(187.1		)	(168.4		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	—			—			—
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning of period	—			—			—
End of period	$	—		$	—		$	—

(Millions) 2017 2016 2015

Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided
from operations:

Equity losses (earnings) from subsidiaries 1,990.1
259.0
(117.7 )
Depreciation expense 336.2
354.0
239.7
Deferred income taxes (41.3 ) (77.7 ) (56.2 )
Net cash provided from operating activities 168.4
151.8
93.2
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment —
—
(43.1 )
Net cash used in investing activities —
—
(43.1 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Distributions from Windstream Services 83.7
88.5
416.6
Funding received from Uniti for tenant capital improvements
for tenant capital improvements
—
—
43.1
Dividends paid to shareholders (64.4 ) (58.6 ) (369.2 )
Contribution to Windstream Services (9.6 ) —
—
Proceeds from the issuance of stock 9.6
—
—
Stock repurchases (19.0 ) (28.9 ) (46.2 )
Payments under long-term lease obligation (168.7 ) (152.8 ) (94.4 )
Net cash used in financing activities (168.4 ) (151.8 ) (50.1 )
Change in cash and cash equivalents —
—
—
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning of period —
—
—
End of period $ —
$ —
$ —

4067

WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF

THE REGISTRANT (PARENT COMPANY)

Background and Basis of Presentation: Notwithstanding the accounting treatment for the spin-off transaction as further discussed below, Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings”) has no material assets or operations other than its ownership in Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”) and its subsidiaries. Windstream Holdings owns a 100 percent interest in Windstream Services.

On April 24, 2015, Windstream Holdings completed the spin-off of certain telecommunications network assets and other real estate, into an independent, publicly traded real estate investment trust (“REIT”), Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”)~~, formerly Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc.~~. Following the spin-off transaction, Windstream Holdings entered into a long-term triple-net master lease with Uniti to lease back the telecommunications network assets. ~~Due~~As the master lease was entered into by Windstream Holdings for the direct benefit of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries, the effects of the spin-leaseback transaction have also been reflected in the standalone consolidated financial statements of Windstream Services (collectively referred to ~~various forms of~~as the Uniti transactions).

For periods prior to January 1, 2019, the contractual arrangement with Uniti was accounted for as financing due to prohibited continuing involvement, including Windstream Services or its subsidiaries, retaining bare legal title (but not beneficial ownership) to the various easements, permits and pole attachments related to the telecommunications network ~~assets, the transaction was accounted for as a failed spin-leaseback for financial reporting purposes.~~assets. As a result, the accompanying condensed parent company financial statements ~~include~~as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 included the telecommunications network assets and other real estate assets ~~the long-term lease obligation associated with the master lease and the related deferred income taxes.~~ transferred to Uniti.

As ~~the master lease was entered into by~~required, effective January 1, 2019, Windstream Holdings adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, Windstream Holdings re-evaluated its contractual arrangement with Uniti and concluded that the arrangement should be accounted for prospectively as an operating lease. Under ASU 2016-02, the ~~direct benefit~~previous forms of prohibited continuing involvement no longer precluded the application of spin-leaseback accounting to the April 2015 spin-off of assets to Uniti by Windstream Services and ~~its subsidiaries,~~the lease of those assets by Windstream ~~Services is also deemed~~Holdings. As a result, on January 1, 2019, Windstream Holdings recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $3.0 billion from de-recognizing the remaining net book value of assets transferred to ~~have continuing involvement due~~Uniti of approximately $1.3 billion, recording a right-of-use asset of approximately $3.9 billion equaling the adjusted Uniti lease liability, which decreased by $0.7 billion, and recording a deferred tax liability of approximately $0.3 billion in accordance with the standard’s transition guidance. See Note 2 to ~~retaining its regulatory obligations associated with operating~~ the ~~telecommunications network assets. Accordingly, the effects of the failed spin-leaseback transaction have also been reflected in the standalone~~ consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the adoption of ~~Windstream Services (collectively referred~~ASU 2016-02 and the change in accounting for the Uniti arrangement from a financing to ~~as “Uniti spin transactions”).~~

an operating lease.

Certain covenants within Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility may restrict its ability to distribute funds to Windstream Holdings in the form of dividends, loans or advances. Accordingly, these condensed financial statements of Windstream Holdings have been presented on a “Parent Only” basis. Under this basis of presentation, Windstream Holdings’ investment in its consolidated subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting. Amounts reflected in these condensed parent company financial statements for investment and affiliated related balances, advances/losses in excess of investment in subsidiaries and equity (losses) earnings from subsidiaries have been adjusted to account for the effects of the telecommunications network assets, ~~long-term~~right-of-use asset, Uniti lease ~~obligation,~~liability, rent expense, depreciation expense, principal and interest payments on the long-term lease obligation and related income tax effects that are also included in the net ~~income~~loss and ~~equity~~member deficit of Windstream Services. Equity ~~income~~ (losses) earnings from subsidiaries for ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 includes ~~$125.3~~$12.0 million and ~~$123.5~~$955.6 million ~~respectively,~~ of intercompany income related to the Uniti ~~spin~~ transactions.

As of December 31, 2018, Windstream Holdings recorded a full valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets due to the acceleration of all of Windstream Services long-term debt obligations following an adverse court ruling and subsequent filing of the Chapter 11 Cases. Due to cross-default provisions, the remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti also were accelerated, which resulted in classifying the long-term lease obligation has been classified as a current liability in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. See Notes 6, 16 and 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the acceleration of long-term debt obligations and remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti, the court ruling, filing of the Chapter 11 Cases and the related effects on income taxes.

The condensed parent company financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes of Windstream Holdings and subsidiaries included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

4168

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WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

(Millions)


Column A	Column B		Column C						Column D			Column E		Column B		Column C						Column D			Column E
			Additions													Additions
Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Cost and Expenses			Charged to Other Accounts			Deductions			Balance at End of Period		Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Cost and Expenses			Charged to Other Accounts			Deductions			Balance at End of Period
Allowance for doubtful accounts, customers and others:
For the years ended:
December 31, 2019														$	24.8	$	65.2	(a)	$	—		$	41.8	(b)	$	48.2
December 31, 2018														$	29.7	$	37.7		$	—		$	42.6	(b)	$	24.8
December 31, 2017	$	27.1	$	45.8		$	—		$	43.2	(a)	$	29.7	$	27.1	$	45.8		$	—		$	43.2	(b)	$	29.7
December 31, 2016	$	33.1	$	43.8		$	—		$	49.8	(a)	$	27.1
December 31, 2015	$	43.4	$	47.1		$	—		$	57.4	(a)	$	33.1
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets:
For the years ended:
December 31, 2019														$	685.0	$	45.7		$	—		$	541.5	(c)	$	189.2
December 31, 2018														$	179.6	$	505.4	(d)	$	—		$	—		$	685.0
December 31, 2017	$	146.5	$	2.5		$	41.8	(b)	$	11.2	(c)	$	179.6	$	146.5	$	2.5		$	41.8	(e)	$	11.2	(f)	$	179.6
December 31, 2016	$	147.9	$	—		$	—		$	1.4		$	146.5
December 31, 2015	$	94.9	$	3.8		$	75.4	(d)	$	26.2	(e)	$	147.9
Accrued liabilities related to merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges:
For the years ended:
December 31, 2019														$	31.9	$	36.8	(g)	$	—		$	60.6	(j)	$	8.1
December 31, 2018														$	19.5	$	76.9	(h)	$	—		$	64.5	(j)	$	31.9
December 31, 2017	$	5.8	$	180.4	(f)	$	—		$	166.7	(i)	$	19.5	$	5.8	$	180.4	(i)	$	—		$	166.7	(j)	$	19.5
December 31, 2016	$	5.1	$	34.1	(g)	$	—		$	33.4	(i)	$	5.8
December 31, 2015	$	11.2	$	115.7	(h)	$	—		$	121.8	(i)	$	5.1

Notes:


(a)	Included in this amount for 2019 was a reserve of $19.7 million for a funding denial from Universal Service Administrative Company pursuant to funding for the years 2012 to 2017 related to a large customer participating in the Universal Service Rural Healthcare Telecommunications Program.


(b)	Accounts charged off net of recoveries of amounts previously written off.

~~(b)~~(c)

Reduction due to additional deferred tax liabilities recognized upon adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 and the corresponding re-evaluation of Windstream’s valuation allowances. The decrease in the valuation allowances was included in the cumulative effect adjustment recorded to accumulated deficit. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the adoption of ASU 2016-02.

(d)

As of December 31, 2018, Windstream recorded a full valuation allowance, exclusive of a portion of deferred tax liabilities primarily associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets, due to the acceleration of all long-term debt obligations following an adverse court ruling and subsequent filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, and Windstream’s assessment that it was more likely than not that our deferred tax assets would not be realized. See Notes 3, 16 and 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Financial Supplement to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the acceleration of long-term debt obligations, the court ruling and the related effects on income taxes.


(e)	Valuation allowance for deferred taxes was established through goodwill related to expected realization of net operating losses assumed from the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview.


~~(c)~~(f)	Reduction of valuation allowances on net operating loss carryforwards due to the effects of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs ~~Act signed into law on December 22, 2017.~~Act.

Table of Contents


~~(d)~~(g)	~~Reflects adjustment to valuation allowances on net operating loss carryforwards due~~Costs primarily consist of charges related to the ~~effects~~acquisition of ~~the REIT spin-off, which was charged to additional paid-in capital.~~EarthLink. Restructuring charges primarily consist of severance and employee benefit costs from workforce reductions.

~~(e)~~(h)

~~Reduction~~Costs primarily consist of ~~valuation allowances on net operating loss carryforwards due~~charges related to the ~~effects~~acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview and legal fees related to the ~~reorganization~~Uniti spin-off litigation. Restructuring charges primarily consist of ~~certain subsidiaries to limited liability companies~~severance and employee benefit costs from workforce reductions and lease terminations completed during the ~~first quarter of 2015.~~year.


~~(f)~~(i)	Costs primarily consist of charges related to the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview and additional costs incurred in connection with a network optimization project begun in 2015, as further discussed in Note ~~(h).~~(e) above. Restructuring charges primarily consist of severance and employee benefit costs from workforce reductions completed during the ~~year,~~year.


~~(g)~~	Costs primarily consist of severance and other employee-related costs from small workforce reductions completed during the year and charges related to a network optimization project begun in 2015 as further discussed in Note (h) below.

~~(h)~~

Costs primarily consist of charges incurred related to the REIT spin-off, the sale of our data center business and charges related to a network optimization project designed to consolidate traffic onto network facilities operated by us and reduce the usage of other carriers’ networks in our acquired CLEC markets. Restructuring charges primarily include severance and other employee benefit costs resulting from workforce reductions completed during the year and costs incurred related to a special shareholder meeting.

~~Table of Contents~~


~~(i)~~(j)	Represents cash outlays for merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges. Included in this amount for ~~2016~~2019 is the ~~reversal~~amount reclassified to operating lease obligations upon adoption of ~~a $2.0 million liability associated with a lease termination.~~ASU 2016-02 of $19.3 million.

See Note ~~11, “Merger, Integration and Other Costs and Restructuring Charges”,~~13 to the consolidated financial statements ~~on page F-94~~included in the Financial Supplement ~~which is incorporated herein by reference,~~to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the merger, integration and other costs and restructuring ~~charges recorded by us in 2017, 2016 and 2015.~~charges.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Number and Name
2.1	Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2015, by and among Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Services, LLC and Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s and Windstream Services, LLC’s Form 8-K dated March 26, 2015).	*

2.2	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 5, 2016, by and among Windstream Holdings, Inc., Europa Merger Sub, Inc., EarthLink Holdings Corp. and Europa Merger Sub, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 10, 2016).	*

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Windstream Holdings, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated August 30, 2013).	*

3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Windstream Holdings, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 24, 2015 and effective on April 26, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Windstream Holdings, Inc. effective February 24, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated February 27, 2017).	*

3.4	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Windstream Holdings, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on May 23, 2018 and effective May 25, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated May 23, 2018).	*

3.5	Certificate of Designations of Series A Participating Preferred Stock of Windstream Holdings, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated September 18, 2015).	*

~~3.5~~3.6	Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Windstream Holdings, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 19, 2015).	*

~~3.6~~	~~Certificate of Formation of Windstream Services, LLC (incorporated herein by reference Windstream Holdings Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).~~	*

3.7	Certificate of Formation of Windstream Services, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

3.8	Operating Agreement of Windstream Services, LLC dated as of February 28, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

4.1	Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2020) dated as of October 6, 2010 among Windstream Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated October 6, 2010), as amended by supplemental indentures to provide guarantees from additional subsidiaries who also guarantee Windstream Corporation’s revolving credit facilities (such guarantor subsidiaries are identified on Exhibit 21).	*

4.2	Indenture (7.50% Senior Notes due 2023) dated March 16, 2011 among Windstream Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated March 16, 2011).	*

4.3	Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2021) dated as of March 28, 2011 among Windstream Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated March 28, 2011).	*

4.4	Indenture (7.50% Senior Notes due 2022) dated as of November 22, 2011 among Windstream Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated November 22, 2011).	*

4.5	Indenture (6 3/8% Senior Notes due 2023) dated as of January 23, 2013, among Windstream Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated January 23, 2013).	*

4.6	Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2021) dated as of August 26, 2013, among Windstream Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated August 28, 2013).	*

4.7	Indenture (8.625% Senior First Lien Notes due 2025) dated as of November 6, 2017, among Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp, the Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 13, 2017).	*

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EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued

Number and Name
4.8	Indenture (8.75% Senior Notes due 2024) dated as of December 13, 2017, among Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp, the Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated December 18, 2017).	*

~~Table of Contents~~

4.9	~~EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued~~Indenture (10.500% Senior Second Lien Notes due 2024) dated as of August 2, 2018, among Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp, the Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s and Windstream Services, LLC’s Form 8-K dated August 8, 2018).	*

~~Number and Name~~
~~4.9~~4.10	Indenture (9.00% Senior Second Lien Notes due 2025) dated as of August 2, 2018, among Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp, the Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s and Windstream Services, LLC’s Form 8-K dated August 8, 2018).	*

4.11	Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 5, 2017, to the Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2020) dated as of October 6, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 9, 2017).	*

~~4.10~~4.12	Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 5, 2017, to the Indenture (7.50% Senior Notes due 2023) dated as of March 16, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 9, 2017).	*

~~4.11~~4.13	Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 6, 2017, to the Indenture (6 3/8% Senior Notes due 2023) dated as of January 23, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 13, 2017). ~~NTD: Consider moving each of the supplemental indentures down with the other supplemental indentures.~~	*

~~4.12~~4.14	Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 6, 2017, to the Indenture (6 3/8% Senior Notes due 2023) dated as of January 23, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 13, 2017).	*

~~4.13~~4.15	First Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 8, 2017, to the Indenture (8.625% Senior First Lien Notes due 2025) dated as of November 6, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 13, 2017).	*

~~4.14~~4.16	Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 6, 2017, to the Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2021) dated as of March 28, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated December 12, 2017).	*

~~4.15~~4.17	Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 6, 2017, to the Indenture (7.50% Senior Notes due 2022) dated as of November 22, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated December 12, 2017).	*

~~4.16~~4.18	Form of 7.75% Senior Notes due 2020 of Windstream Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated October 6, 2010).	*

~~4.17~~4.19	Form of 7.5% Senior Notes due 2023 of Windstream Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated as of March 16, 2011).	*

~~4.18~~4.20	Form of 7.75% Senior Notes due 2021 of Windstream Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated as of March 28, 2011).	*

~~4.19~~4.21	Form of 7.5% Senior Notes due 2022 of Windstream Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated as of November 22, 2011).	*

~~4.20~~4.22	Form of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2023 of Windstream Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated January 23, 2013).	*

~~4.21~~4.23	Form of 7.75% Senior Notes due 2021 of Windstream Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Corporation’s Form 8-K dated as of August 28, 2013).	*

~~4.22~~4.24	Form of 8.75% Senior Notes due 2024 of Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to ~~the Corporation’s~~Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated December 18, 2017).	*

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~~4.23~~ EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued

Number and Name
4.25	Form of 8.625% Senior First Lien Notes due 2025 of Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to ~~the Corporation’s~~Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 13, 2017).	*

~~4.24~~4.26	Form of 10.500% Senior Second Lien Notes due 2024 of Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s and Windstream Services, LLC’s Form 8-K dated August 8, 2018).	*

4.27	Form of 9.00% Senior Second Lien Notes due 2025 of Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream Finance Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Note included in Exhibit 4.3 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s and Windstream Services, LLC’s Form 8-K dated August 8, 2018).	*

4.28	Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 2, 2015, to the Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2020) dated as of October 6, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.23 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

~~4.25~~4.29	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 2, 2015, to the Indenture (7.50% Senior Notes due 2023) dated as of March 16, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.24 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

~~4.26~~4.30	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 2, 2015, to the Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2021) dated as of March 28, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

~~Table of Contents~~

~~EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued~~

~~Number and Name~~
~~4.27~~4.31	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 2, 2015, to the Indenture (7.50% Senior Notes due 2022) dated as of November 22, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.26 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

~~4.28~~4.32	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 2, 2015, to the Indenture (6 3/8% Senior Notes due 2023) dated as of January 23, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.27 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

~~4.29~~4.33	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 2, 2015, to the Indenture (7.75% Senior Notes due 2021) dated as of August 26, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.28 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2015).	*

~~4.30~~4.34	Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 6, 2018, to the Indenture (8.625% Senior First Lien Notes due 2025) dated as of November 6, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated June 8, 2018).	*

4.35	382 Rights Agreement, dated as of September 17, 2015, by and between Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated September 18, 2015).	*

~~4.31~~4.36	Amendment No. 1 to 382 Rights Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2016, by and between Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated November 10, 2016).	*

4.37	Amendment No. 2 to 382 Rights Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2018, by and between Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated August 10, 2018).	*

4.38	Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	(a)

4.39	Interim Order Approving Notification and Hearing Procedures for Certain Transfers of and Declarations of Worthlessness with Respect to Common Stock [Docket No. 55] (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated March 7, 2019).	*

10.1	Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement originally dated as of July 17, 2006, as amended and restated as of April 24, 2015 (the “Credit Agreement”), by and among Windstream Services, LLC, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent and the other agents party thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

10.2	Amendment No. 1, dated June 6, 2018, to the Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated June 8, 2018).	*

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EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued

Number and Name

10.3	Tranche B-6 Incremental Amendment, , dated as of March 29, 2016, to the Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated March 30, 2016).	*

~~10.3~~10.4	Tranche B-6 Refinancing and Incremental Amendment, dated as of September 30, 2016, to the Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-K dated March 1, 2017).	*

~~10.4~~10.5	Second Tranche B-6 Incremental Amendment dated as of December 2, 2016, to the Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-K dated March 1, 2017).	*

~~10.5~~10.6	Third Tranche B-6 Incremental Amendment dated as of February 27, 2017, to the ~~Sixth Amended and Restated~~ Credit Agreement originally dated as of July 17, 2006 and amended and restated as of April 24, 2015, among Windstream Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents party thereto, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2017).	*

~~10.6~~10.7	Tranche B-7 Refinancing Amendment, dated as of February 17, 2017, to the ~~Sixth Amended and Restated~~ Credit Agreement originally dated as of July 17, 2006 and amended and restated as of April 24, 2015, among Windstream Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents party thereto, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2017).	*

~~10.7~~10.8	Holdings Agreement, dated April 24, 2015, by and between Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Services, LLC, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the ~~Sixth ARCA~~Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

~~10.8~~10.9	Director Compensation Program dated February 6, 2013 as amended May 2, ~~2017.~~2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-K dated February 28, 2018).	~~(a)~~*

~~10.9~~10.10	Form of Restricted Shares Agreement (Non-Employee Directors) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated February 6, 2007) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

~~10.10~~10.11	Windstream Corporation Performance Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated July 17, 2006).	*

~~10.11~~10.12	Amendment No. 1 to Windstream Corporation Performance Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated January 4, 2008).	*

~~10.12~~10.13	Windstream Corporation Benefit Restoration Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated January 4, 2008).	*

~~Table of Contents~~

~~EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued~~

~~Number and Name~~
~~10.13~~10.14	Windstream Corporation 2007 Deferred Compensation Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated January 4, 2008).	*

~~10.14~~10.15	Form of ~~Indemnification Agreement~~Indemnity entered into between Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Corporation, and its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated February 14, 2014).	*

~~10.15~~10.16	Form of Restricted Shares Agreement (Officers: Restricted Stock-Clawback Policy) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated February 19, 2010) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

~~10.16~~	Form of Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Officers: RSU-Clawback Policy) entered into between Windstream Corporation and its executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 8, 2011) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.17	Form of 2016 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement entered into between Windstream Holdings, Inc., and its executive officers as of February 9, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-K dated February 25, 2016).	*

10.18	Employment Agreement, dated ~~September 1, 2017,~~February 19, 2019, by and between Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Anthony W. Thomas (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s and Windstream Services, LLC’s Form 8-K dated ~~September 1, 2017)~~February 22, 2019).	*

10.19	Form Change-In-Control and Severance Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated September 1, 2017).	*

10.20	Windstream Executive Severance Plan established effective as of September 1, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated September 1, 2017).	*

10.21	Windstream 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective February 6, 2018) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 4, 2018)..	~~(a)~~*

10.22	Form Long Term Cash Award Grant ~~Agreement.~~Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-K dated February 28, 2018).	~~(a)~~*

Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued

Number and Name

10.23	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement (Windstream 2006 Equity Incentive Plan) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated February 9, 2018).	*

10.24	Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement (EarthLink Holdings Corp. 2016 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit ~~10.1~~10.2 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated February 9, 2018).	*

10.25	Waiver and Release Agreement entered into by and between Sarah E. Day and Windstream Holdings, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.39 Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2017).	*

10.26	Amendment to PAETEC Holding Corp. 2011 Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 10-Q dated August 6, 2015).	*

10.27	PAETEC Holding Corp. 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to PAETEC Holding Corp.’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011) for equity awards issued on or prior to November 30, 2011 and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.28	PAETEC Holding Corp. 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the PAETEC’s Form 8-K dated May 20, 2008) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.29	PAETEC Corp. 2001 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by PAETEC Holding Corp. with the SEC on November 13, 2006 (SEC File No. 333-138594)) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.30	Form of US LEC Corp. 1998 Omnibus Stock Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by Exhibit (d) Schedule TO filed by US LEC Corp. with the SEC on February 23, 2006 (File No. 005-54177)) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.31	McLeodUSA Incorporated 2006 Omnibus Equity Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed by PAETEC Holding Corp. with the SEC on February 8, 2008 (SEC File No. 333-149130)) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

~~Table of Contents~~

~~EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued~~

~~Number and Name~~
10.32	EarthLink Holdings Corp. 2011 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-216283) dated February 27, 2017) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.33	EarthLink Holdings Corp. 2016 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-216283) dated February 27, 2017) and as assumed by Windstream Holdings, Inc.	*

10.34	Form of Inducement Restricted Shares Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-219774) dated August 8, 2017).	*

10.35	Master Lease, entered into as of April 24, 2015, by and among CSL National, L.P. and the other entities listed therein, as Landlord, and Windstream Holdings, Inc. as Tenant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

10.36	Tax Matters Agreement, entered into as of April 24, 2015, by and among Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Services, LLC and Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

10.37	Stockholder’s and Registration Rights Agreements, made as of April 24, 2015, by and between Windstream Services, LLC and Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

~~10.38~~	Recognition Agreement, dated April 24, 2015, by and among CSL National, LP and the other entities listed therein, as Landlord, and Windstream Holdings, Inc., as Tenant, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the ~~Sixth ARCA~~Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated April 27, 2015).	*

10.38	Limited Waiver to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2019, to the Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among Windstream Services, LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and certain lenders party thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated February 28, 2019).	*

10.39	Windstream Holdings, Inc. 2019 Key Employee Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated May 20, 2019).	*

Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX, Continued

Number and Name
10.40	Superpriority Secured Debtor-in-Possession Credit Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2019, by and among Windstream Services, LLC, Windstream Holding, Inc., the other guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the other parties party thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated March 18, 2019).	*

10.41	Amendment and Consent No 1. to Credit Agreement dated as of August 14, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s Form 8-K dated August 16, 2019).	*

21	Listing of Subsidiaries.	(a)

23	Consents of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting ~~Firm~~Firm..	(a)

24	Power of ~~Attorney~~Attorney..	(a)

31(a)	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of ~~2002~~2002..	(a)

31(b)	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	(a)

32(a)	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	(a)

32(b)	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	(a)

~~101.INS~~101	The following financial information from the combined annual report on Form 10-K of Windstream Holdings, Inc. and Windstream Services, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2019 formatted in Inline XBRL ~~Instance Document~~(Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheet (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity (Deficit), (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, (vii) Schedule 1 - Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company), and (viii) Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.	(a)

~~101.SCH~~104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL ~~Taxonomy Extension Schema Document~~	~~(a)~~

~~101.CAL~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document~~	~~(a)~~

~~101.DEF~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document~~	~~(a)~~

~~101.LAB~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document~~	~~(a)~~

~~101.PRE~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document~~and contained in Exhibit 101).	(a)
*	Incorporated herein by reference as indicated.
(a)	Filed herewith.

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WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

FINANCIAL SUPPLEMENT

TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ~~2017~~2019

WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

INDEX TO FINANCIAL SUPPLEMENT

TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ~~2017~~2019



Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	F-2

Selected Financial Data	F-38

Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements	~~F-39~~F-40

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	~~F-40~~F-41 – ~~F-42~~F-43

Annual Financial Statements:
Windstream Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~	~~F-44~~
~~Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~ ~~for the years ended December 31,~~ 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~	F-45
Consolidated ~~Balance Sheets~~ asStatements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019, 2018 and ~~2016~~2017	F-46
Consolidated ~~Statements~~Balance Sheets as of ~~Cash Flows~~ ~~for the years ended~~ December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019 and ~~2015~~2018	F-47
Consolidated Statements of ~~Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)~~ Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-48
~~Windstream Services, LLC Consolidated Financial Statements~~
Consolidated Statements of ~~Operations~~ Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-49
Windstream Services, LLC Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of ~~Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~ Operations for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-50
Consolidated ~~Balance Sheets~~ asStatements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019, 2018 and ~~2016~~2017	F-51
Consolidated ~~Statements~~Balance Sheets as of ~~Cash Flows~~ ~~for the years ended~~ December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019 and ~~2015~~2018	F-52
Consolidated Statements of ~~Member Equity (Deficit)~~ Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017	F-53
Consolidated Statements of Member Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F-54

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	~~F-54~~F-55 – ~~F-115~~ –F-114

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following ~~sections provide~~section provides an overview of our results of operations and highlight key trends and uncertainties in our ~~business. Certain~~business and should be read in conjunction with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto beginning on page F-45, as well as the information set forth in Item 1. “Business-Recent Developments” and Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” This discussion, as well as various other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, contains and refers to statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. Such statements relate to our intent, belief or current expectations primarily with respect to our future operating, financial and strategic performance. Any such forward-looking ~~statements. See~~statements are not guarantees of future performance and may involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those contained in or implied by the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. For more information, see “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this discussion for additional factors relating to such statements and see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this ~~annual report~~Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of certain risk factors applicable to our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings”) is a publicly traded holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware on May 23, 2013, and the parent of Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”), a Delaware limited liability company organized on March 1, 2004. Following its delisting on March 6, 2019, Windstream Holdings common stock no longer trades on the ~~NASDAQ~~Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) but trades on the Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Pink Sheets market maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc. under the ~~ticker~~trading symbol ~~“WIN”~~“WINMQ”. Windstream Holdings owns a 100 percent interest in Windstream Services. Windstream Services and its guarantor subsidiaries are the sole obligors of all outstanding debt obligations and, as a result also file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Windstream Holdings is not a guarantor of nor subject to the restrictive covenants included in any of Windstream Services’ debt agreements. The Windstream Holdings board of directors and officers oversee both companies.

There are no significant differences between the consolidated results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows of Windstream Holdings and those of Windstream Services other than for certain expenses directly incurred by Windstream Holdings principally consisting of audit, legal and board of director fees, NASDAQ listing fees, other shareholder-related costs, income taxes, common stock activity, and payables from Windstream Services to Windstream Holdings. For the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016,~~2019, 2018, and ~~2015~~2017 the amount of expenses directly incurred by Windstream Holdings were approximately ~~$2.0~~$2.1 million, ~~$1.7~~$1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, on a pre-tax basis, or ~~$1.2~~$1.6 million, ~~$1.0~~$1.4 million and $1.2 million on an after-tax basis. Unless otherwise indicated, the following discussion of our business strategy, trends and results of operations pertain to both Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services.

~~ACQUISITIONS~~BANKRUPTCY AND RELATED DEVELOPMENTS

On February 15, 2019, Judge Jesse Furman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued an adverse ruling in litigation relating to a noteholder’s allegations that our 2015 spin-off of certain assets into a publicly-traded real estate investment trust resulted in one or more defaults of certain covenants under one of Windstream Services’ existing indentures. The findings resulted in a cross default under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit agreement governing its secured term and revolving loan obligations and a cross-acceleration event of default under the indentures governing Windstream Services’ other series of secured and unsecured notes. As a result, on February 25, 2019, Windstream Holdings and all of its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services (collectively the “Debtors”), filed voluntary petitions (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re Windstream Holdings, Inc., et al., No 19-22312 (RDD).Windstream has continued to operate its business as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

In connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, the Debtors analyzed the contractual arrangement with Uniti, and on July 25, 2019, the Debtors filed a complaint in the Chapter 11 Cases seeking, among other things, to recharacterize the Uniti arrangement from a lease to a financing. After engaging in a months-long mediation process with Uniti and its creditors regarding the litigation, on March 2, 2020, Windstream, along with certain of their creditors, announced an agreement in principle with Uniti to settle any

F-2

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and all claims and causes that were or could have been asserted against Uniti by Windstream. Among the terms of the settlement, Uniti agreed to fund up to $1.75 billion in capital improvements to the network, which will allow us to deliver 1-Gigabytes per second (“Gbps”) to more than half of our Kinetic footprint. Uniti also agreed to pay Windstream $400 million payable in quarterly cash installments over five years, at an annual interest rate of 9.0 percent, which amount may be fully paid after one year, resulting in total cash payments ranging from $432 - $490 million. Uniti will also purchase certain unused and underutilized dark fiber assets from Windstream and Uniti will transfer to Windstream $244.5 million of proceeds from, and conditioned upon, the sale of Uniti’s common stock to certain first lien creditors of Windstream Services. In conjunction with the announcement, Windstream filed a motion seeking approval from the Bankruptcy Court of the proposed settlement, and a hearing on the motion was held on May 7-8, 2020, at which time the Bankruptcy Court approved the settlement with Uniti. The approved settlement is subject to certain regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including Uniti's receipt of satisfactory “true lease” and REIT opinions, which remain outstanding. In conjunction with the settlement with Uniti, Windstream also entered into a plan support agreement with Elliott Investment Management, L.P., (“Elliott”) and certain consenting first lien creditors of Windstream Services outlining certain terms included in Windstream’s plan of reorganization.

We filed a plan of reorganization and disclosure statement with the Bankruptcy Court on April 1, 2020. The plan of reorganization provides for the reduction of more than $4 billion of our existing debt. A confirmation hearing to review the plan of reorganization has been set by the Bankruptcy Court for June 24, 2020. There can be no assurance that the Debtors will be able to secure the requisite accepting votes from creditors for the plan of reorganization or the confirmation of the plan by the Bankruptcy Court.

For more information regarding the impact of the Chapter 11 Cases, settlement with Uniti and our plan of reorganization see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements and “Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

TRANSACTIONS COMPLETED IN 2018 AND 2017 IMPACTING CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

On December 31, 2018, we completed the sale of substantially all of our consumer competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) business to an affiliate of Trive Capital Fund III LLP and nQue Technologies for $320.9 million in cash, net of a working capital adjustment. The consumer operations sold consisted solely of the former EarthLink consumer business that we acquired in February 2017. The sale of the consumer CLEC business did not represent a strategic shift in our operations nor have a major effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, and accordingly, did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation.

On July 28, 2017, Windstream Holdings completed its merger with Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. (“Broadview”), a leading provider of cloud-based unified communications solutions to small and medium-sized businesses and offers a broad suite of cloud-based services. Broadview’s proprietary OfficeSuite® and unified communications platforms are complementary to our existing Software Defined Wide Area Networking (“SD-WAN”) product offering. In addition, Broadview has an experienced sales force and strong channel partner program, which we will leverage to sell unified communications services across our small business and mid-market enterprise customer bases. In the merger, Windstream added approximately 20,000 small and medium-sized business customers and approximately 3,000 incremental route fiber miles. Windstream Services paid $69.8 million in cash to Broadview shareholders and assumed $160.2 million of Broadview’s short-term debt obligations, which Windstream Services subsequently repaid using amounts available under its senior secured revolving credit facility (see Note 4)6). The transaction was valued at approximately $230.0 million.

On February 27, 2017, Windstream Holdings completed its merger with EarthLink Holdings Corp. (“EarthLink”), a leading provider of data, voice and managed network services to retail and wholesale business customers and nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers. In the merger, Windstream added approximately 700,000 customers and approximately 16,000 incremental route fiber miles. In effecting the merger, each share of EarthLink common stock was exchanged for ~~.818~~.1636 shares of Windstream Holdings common stock. In the aggregate, Windstream Holdings issued approximately 9317.6 million shares of its common stock and assumed approximately ~~$435~~$435.3 million of EarthLink’s long-term debt, which we subsequently refinanced, in a transaction valued at approximately $1.1 billion.

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In completing these mergers, we have increased our operating scale and scope giving us the ability to offer customers expanded products, services and enhanced enterprise solutions over anour extensive national footprint, now spanning approximately ~~150,000~~164,000 fiber route miles. We also ~~expect to achieve~~achieved operating and capital expense synergies in integrating the operations of MASS, Broadview and EarthLink. For additional information regarding the mergers, including our refinancing of EarthLink’s long-term debt, see Notes 34 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

OVERVIEW

~~F-2~~We are a leading provider of advanced network communications and technology solutions for businesses across the U.S. We also offer broadband, entertainment and security solutions to consumers and small businesses primarily in rural areas in 18 states. Additionally, we supply core transport solutions on a local and long-haul fiber network spanning approximately 164,000 miles.

~~Table~~Our mission is to connect people and empower business in a world of ~~Contents~~

infinite possibilities brought on by rapid technological change. Our vision is to provide innovative software and network solutions while consistently delivering a great customer experience.

Effective April 1, 2019, we reorganized our business operations into three segments: Kinetic, Enterprise and Wholesale. The Kinetic business unit primarily serves customers in markets in which we are the incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC”) and provides services over network facilities operated by us. The Enterprise and Wholesale business units primarily serve customers in markets in which we are a competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) and provide services over network facilities primarily leased from other carriers. As a result of this reorganization, we improved the alignment of our customer base within our ILEC and CLEC markets. The significant changes to our previous segment structure included: (1) shifting certain business customers with operations in ILEC-only markets from the Enterprise segment to the Consumer & Small Business segment, which was renamed Kinetic; (2) shifting governmental and resale customers from Wholesale to Enterprise; (3) shifting wholesale customers and related services in ILEC markets from Wholesale to Kinetic; and (4) allocating certain corporate expenses, primarily property taxes, to the segments. Prior period segment information has been revised to reflect these changes for all periods presented.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

~~Overview~~

~~We are a leading provider of advanced network communications~~To execute on our mission and technology solutions for businesses across the U.S. We also offer broadband, entertainment and security solutions to consumers and small businesses primarily in rural areas in 18 states. Additionally, we supply core transport solutions on a local and long-haul fiber network spanning approximately 150,000 miles.

Our vision is to provide a best-in-class customer experience through our network, our applications and our people. Our “network first” strategy entails leveraging our existing infrastructure and investing in the latest technologies to create significant value for both our customers and our shareholders.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, we reorganized our operations into two organizations: Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale and Consumer & Small Business. The Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale business unit, which serves customers primarily located in service areas in which we are a competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”), consists of our former Enterprise and Wholesale segments, as well as the Small Business component of the former CLEC Consumer and Small Business segment. Our Consumer & Small Business business unit serves customers located in service areas in which we are the incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC”) and primarily consists of the former ILEC Consumer and Small Business segment. Apart from these two distinct business unit organizations, we also operate a consumer CLEC business, which had been part of the former CLEC Consumer and Small Business segment. For management and financial reporting purposes, we now have four reportable operating segments consisting of Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise, Wholesale and CLEC Consumer.

~~The business unit change was based on the basic tenet that organizational structure should be nimble and follow a company’s vision and strategy. The anchor of~~achieve our vision, ~~is unchanged and remains~~we had four key priorities for 2019:

Deliver consistent excellence in the customer experience. ~~What is new is our ability to leverage disruptive technologies~~

We made significant investments in our ~~product solutions, such as SD-WAN~~business over the past several years to provide quality service and ~~cloud-based unified communications applications like OfficeSuite®, as well as broader Software Defined Networking -based products,~~enhance network reliability and ease of doing business. We continued to ~~differentiate ourselves~~improve collaboration and organizational effectiveness and enhanced the day-to-day reliability of our network to drive improvements in the service we provide customers.


•	Achieve differentiation in the marketplace through development of innovative software.

We reoriented a ~~rapidly evolving marketplace.~~

~~2018 Strategy and Operational Focus~~

~~To advance~~significant portion of our ~~overall business strategy, we have five key priorities for 2018:~~

~~Advance our industry-leading Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale product and service capabilities~~ ~~- We will maintain a sharp focus~~IT resources on ~~our SD-WAN and unified communications product offerings, including OfficeSuite®, which has broad application across our~~the development of next-generation software that created customer ~~base. We will continue to advance our current capabilities, including our security solutions and on-net~~ solutions as well as internal tools that enhanced our ~~professional~~interactions with customers.


•	Continue to position the company for top-line growth.

We made significant progress transitioning from legacy telecom products and services ~~portfolio.~~to next-generation software-enabled products and services with vastly superior capabilities. We ~~believe~~continued to convert existing customers from legacy voice and data products to our strategic ~~product set with~~products, including SD-WAN, OfficeSuite®, and Kinetic Broadband that best meet our ~~on-net capabilities has us well positioned in the marketplace.~~

customers’ communications needs.

~~Launch next-generation broadband deployment technologies that are both faster and more cost-effective~~ -~~We now have unprecedented abilities~~Continue to ~~deploy faster broadband speeds through both new and existing technologies. This agile deployment is a must in the competitive broadband environment.~~

aggressively manage costs.

~~Further simplify our business and transform customer-facing and internal user capabilities~~ - This begins with our multi-year information technology integration project, which was largely completed in 2017 and not only has allowed us to more efficiently manage our product catalog, price quoting and order management systems, but has also allowed us to eliminate duplicative systems and generate meaningful cost savings.

Our ~~integration~~biggest single cash cost consists of ~~EarthLink~~interconnection payments we make to other telecommunications carriers to utilize their networks to deliver our products and ~~Broadview remains on schedule. Our goal of $180 million in annualized synergies by the end of 2019 remains a key driver of our financial objectives.~~

~~Drive revenue improvements through enhanced sales and improved customer retention in both our business units~~ - Our Consumer & Small Business segment remains focused on improving our broadband market share while increasing speed and value-added service penetration for each broadband connection, while our Windstream Enterprise & Wholesale segment is focused on increasing strategic sales leveraging our next generation products.

~~In addition~~services to ~~our revenue objectives, we will~~customers. We continue to aggressively ~~drive our on-going initiatives of network access reductions, automation of processes and enhanced organizational effectiveness, as~~reduce those payments by approximately 10 percent in 2019. At the same time, we ~~align our~~continued to manage all other expenses ~~to our revenue trajectory.~~with rigorous discipline.

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~~Continue to work to optimize our balance sheet~~ - During 2017, we significantly improved our debt maturity profile with various refinancing transactions, which extended the maturities of nearly $2 billion of our long-term debt obligations. We will continue to be opportunistic and look for ways to improve our balance sheet.

~~We have a~~Our focused operational strategy for each business segment ~~with~~has the overall objective to ~~generate strong financial returns for our investors by leveraging our existing network and grow~~slow the decline in adjusted OIBDA, which is defined as operating (loss) income ~~plus~~before depreciation and amortization and goodwill impairment and adjusted to exclude the ~~impact~~impacts of straight-line expense under the ~~goodwill impairment,~~contractual arrangement with Uniti, merger, integration and other costs, restructuring charges, ~~pension expense~~ and share-based compensation.

~~2017 Accomplishments and Operating Results~~

~~Our operational focus for 2017 was on enhancing our high-speed capabilities, increasing the profitability of our enterprise business, expanding our fiber network, and effectively managing our costs.~~ During ~~2017,~~2019, we achieved the following related to these initiatives:

Grew high-speed Internet customers for the seventh consecutive quarter as we added 9,300 net high-speed Internet customers in the fourth quarter of 2019. Year-to-date, we have added 28,300 net broadband customers, or a 96 percent increase year-over-year. This market share growth has been driven by our continued improvement in broadband speed capability across our Kinetic ILEC footprint. As of the end of 2019, 70 percent of our ILEC households now have access to speeds of 25 megabytes per second (“Mbps”) or greater, a 900-basis point improvement from year-end 2018. In addition, we nearly tripled our availability of 100 Mbps or greater speeds, with 42 percent of our Kinetic households now capable of receiving those speeds, up from 15 percent at the end of 2018. During the year, we upgraded speeds to 1.3 million homes across our Kinetic footprint. Additionally, we have enabled 1-Gigabyte per second (“Gbps”) capability to over 100,000 commercial locations across our footprint. Year-to-date contribution margin in our Kinetic segment was 57.3 percent.

In our Enterprise business, sales of our strategic products grew approximately 38 percent year-over-year and now represent approximately 13 percent of total Enterprise service revenues. Growth in strategic sales helped offset continued declines in our core and legacy product and service offerings. Since the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, our Enterprise business has experienced greater than expected revenue pressures, especially in our core and legacy customer base. We are taking aggressive actions to improve revenue trends by focusing on sales of strategic products and improving profitability levels across our legacy, core and strategic Enterprise customer bases. We continue to augment our service delivery model by shortening installation times, continuing to improve network visibility metrics, and enhancing our customer-facing portals and interfaces to improve the overall customer experience. Contribution margin in our Enterprise segment was 19.4 percent for 2019, down slightly from the same period a year ago.

In the fourth quarter of 2019, we launched, the WE Connect Insight Engine, which continuously gathers and evaluates data across all customer locations, creating a historic record, and aggregates the data across a broad ecosystem to deliver enhanced visibility and reporting capabilities. This highly granular dataset delivers more meaningful information about network and application performance than the traditional device-level snapshot data other providers offer and provides customers with macro through micro-level analysis and trends in their applications, network access and devices.

Year-to-date contribution margin ~~by $65 million, or 13 percent, compared to 2016, primarily due to the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview. Maintained stable contribution margins~~ in our ~~other businesses through targeted price increases~~Wholesale segment was 72.0 percent and ~~strong~~reflected our continued focus on expense management.

~~Continued~~We completed our integration and synergy plans related to ~~invest~~our 2017 acquisitions of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc and EarthLink Holdings Corp. meeting our goal of $180 million in annualized savings by the end of 2019. During 2019, our ~~network~~total interconnection expenses have decreased by nearly 20 percent on a year-over-year basis to ~~advance~~an annualized amount of approximately $1 billion as of December 31, 2019. This annual interconnection expense amount still includes approximately $500 million of TDM-related expenses, which remain the focus for future cost reductions.

We remain on target to meet our broadband ~~network capabilities,~~deployment requirements under the CAF II program. When we accepted CAF II support in 2015, we committed to ~~expand our fiber network and~~deliver broadband service to ~~enhance our fixed-wireless capabilities.~~

Continued our commitment to invest in innovative technologies that address our customers’ current and future needs by launching 1-Gigabit Internet service in four market areas including Lincoln, Nebraska; Lexington, Kentucky; Sugar Land, Texas and several areas surrounding Charlotte, North Carolina.

~~Completed various debt exchanges and obtained consents on~~over 400,000 homes. As of year-end 2019, we have met all of our ~~outstanding unsecured debentures~~requirements by deploying broadband to greater than 80 percent of the CAF II locations in each of the 17 states where we accepted CAF II funding and ~~notes waiving any alleged defaults related~~we will complete deployment to 100 percent of our CAF II locations by the program’s December 31, 2020 deadline.

In addition to the ~~2015 Uniti spin-off, as further discussed below.~~

~~Our~~effects of the disposal of the Consumer CLEC business, our consolidated operating results ~~during 2017~~for 2019 were adversely impacted by reorganization items, net of $260.6 million incurred as a ~~fourth quarter non-cash goodwill impairment charge~~result of ~~$1,840.8 million, higher depreciation~~the Chapter 11 Cases. Operating results for 2019 also reflect the change in the accounting treatment for our arrangement with Uniti from a financing to an operating lease upon adoption of the new leasing standard effective January 1, 2019, as further discussed in Notes 2 and ~~amortization~~7 to the consolidated financial statements. The effects of this accounting change for 2019 resulted in recognition of additional rent expense of ~~$180.4~~$675.2 million, a reduction in interest expense of $446.9 million, and ~~increased merger, integration and other costs~~lower depreciation expense of ~~$123.6~~$298.2 million, primarily attributable to the ~~acquisitions~~de-recognition of ~~Broadview and EarthLink. Depreciation expense also increased in 2017 due~~$1.3 billion of network assets previously transferred to changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2016, the effects of which were to extend the useful lives of certain fiber assets from 20 to 25 years and to shorten the depreciable lives of assets used by certain of our subsidiaries.Uniti. Operating results for ~~2017~~2019 were also adversely impacted by ~~incremental network expenses~~a non-cash, pre-tax goodwill impairment charges of $2,712.3 million.

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Table of Contents

Turning to 2020, we are focused on continuing the positive growth trends in Kinetic broadband customers and other costs from the acquisitions and reductions in consumer and enterprise revenues primarily due to customer losses from competition and decreases in switched access revenues and federal USF surcharges due to the adverse effects of inter-carrier compensation reform. These decrease were partially offset by incremental revenues attributable to the acquisitions of Broadview and EarthLink. Year-over-year comparisons reflect the absence of an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $181.9 million, net gain on disposal of $15.2 million and dividend income of $17.6 million recognized in 2016 related to our investment in Uniti common stock, as further discussed below.

~~During 2017, we completed a restructuring~~sales of our ~~workforce~~strategic Enterprise products and ~~other cost savings initiatives to improve our overall cost structure and gain~~services that we experienced in 2019. To meet this objective, we have established the following operational efficiencies. In undertaking these efforts, we eliminated approximately 1,100 employees and incurred $35.0 million in aggregate charges, principally consisting of severance and other employee benefit costs. We expect to realize approximately $80 million in annual cost savings in 2018 from these 2017 initiatives. As part of our continuing efforts to drive efficiencies and cost reductions in our business, we executed on additional restructuring actions in January 2018 eliminating approximately 400 employees and an additional 90 positions that will drive further cost savings of approximately $50 million in 2018.priorities:


•	Focus on growth - We plan on exiting our restructuring in 2020 with a new capital structure, which will allow for continued strategic investments in our Kinetic business and increase speed capabilities to more of our Kinetic footprint.

•

Maintain product and software leadership - We will continue to maintain our leadership positions in telecommunications products and software. Our 2020 focus will be on continuing to expand our broadband speed capabilities, continuing to enhance our SD-WAN and UCaaS products, expanding our metro fiber and long-haul network services, and enhancing our customer-facing digital experience through our customer portals and interfaces.


•	Deliver consistent excellence in the customer experience - In 2019, we saw dramatic improvements in our net promoter scores, customer satisfaction surveys and industry awards. We will continue this momentum in 2020 by enhancing network visibility and design for our customers, and expanding software tools and automation efforts to better and more efficiently serve our customers.


•	Drive adoption of strategic products - We have made significant progress transitioning from legacy products and services to our industry-leading SD-WAN and UCaaS products. We expect to achieve solid growth in our strategic revenues as we continue to aggressively work to convert existing customers from legacy to strategic products and services.

•

Manage costs aggressively - Our biggest single cash cost consists of interconnection payments we make to other telecommunications carriers to utilize their networks to deliver our products and services to customers. We continue to reduce those payments by approximately 10 percent annually, a trend expected to continue. In addition, we are focused on reducing expenses associated with network real estate and collocation facilities.

~~On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) was signed into law in the United States and represented~~

~~the largest sweeping tax reform legislation in 30 years. The most significant change is the reduction of the statutory corporate tax~~

~~rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. We believe the overall impact of the new tax law will be favorable~~

to us over the long-term, not only due to the rate reduction, but also the fact that net operating losses generated after December 31, 2017 will have an indefinite carryforward period. We expect to remain a minimal cash tax payer for the foreseeable future.

~~F-4~~F-6

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~~SPIN-OFF OF CERTAIN NETWORK AND REAL ESTATE ASSETS~~

On April 24, 2015, we completed the spin-off of certain telecommunications network assets, including our fiber and copper networks and other real estate, into an independent, publicly traded real estate investment trust (“REIT”), Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”), formerly Communications, Sales & Leasing, Inc. The spin-off also included substantially all of our consumer CLEC business. Pursuant to the plan of distribution and immediately prior to the effective time of the spin-off, we contributed the network assets and the consumer CLEC business to Uniti, a wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream, in exchange for: (i) the issuance to Windstream of Uniti common stock of which 80.4 percent of the shares were distributed on a pro rata basis to Windstream’s stockholders, (ii) cash payment to Windstream in the amount of $1.035 billion and (iii) the distribution by Uniti to Windstream of approximately $2.5 billion of Uniti debt securities. After giving effect to the interest in Uniti retained by Windstream, each Windstream Holdings shareholder received one share of Uniti for every five shares of Windstream Holdings common stock held in the form of a tax-free dividend.

On April 24, 2015, following the completion of the spin-off transaction, Windstream transferred the Uniti debt securities and cash to two investment banks, in exchange for the transfer by the investment banks to Windstream of certain debt securities of Windstream Services consisting of $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under Tranche A3, A4 and B4 of Windstream Services’ senior credit facility and $752.2 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under the revolving line of credit in Windstream Services’ senior credit facility held by the investment banks.

On April 24, 2015, Windstream Services called for redemption all of its $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.125 percent senior unsecured notes due September 1, 2018, at a redemption price payable in cash equal to $1,040.63 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to the redemption date. Also on April 24, 2015, PAETEC Holding, LLC, (“PAETEC”) a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream Services, called for redemption all $450.0 million of its outstanding aggregate principal amount of 9.875 percent notes due 2018, at a redemption price payable in cash equal to $1,049.38 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to the redemption date. On May 27, 2015, we completed the redemption of these two debt obligations, using a portion of the $1.035 billion cash payment received from Uniti to fund the redemption price.

As of the spin-off date, excluding restricted shares issued to Windstream employees and directors, Windstream retained a passive ownership interest in approximately 19.6 percent of the common stock of Uniti. Windstream disposed of all of its shares of Uniti through the completion of two debt-for-equity exchanges in June 2016.

~~See Notes 5 and 6 for additional information regarding the spin-off, debt repayments and disposal of the Uniti common stock.~~

~~MASTER LEASE AGREEMENT~~

On April 24, 2015, Windstream Holdings entered into a long-term triple-net master lease with Uniti to lease back the telecommunications network assets. Under the terms of the master lease, Windstream Holdings has the exclusive right to use the telecommunications network assets for an initial term of 15 years with up to four, five-year renewal options and Windstream Holdings is required to pay all property taxes, insurance, and repair or maintenance costs associated with the leased property. The master lease provides for an annual rent of $650.0 million paid in equal monthly installments in advance and is fixed for the first three years. Thereafter, rent will increase on an annual basis at a base rent escalator of 0.5 percent. During December 2015, we requested and Uniti agreed to fund $43.1 million of capital expenditures. As a result, the annual lease payment increased at a rate of 8.125 percent of the funds received from Uniti, or from $650.0 million to $653.5 million. Future lease payments due under the agreement reset to fair market rental rates upon Windstream Holdings’ execution of the renewal options. Due to various forms of continuing involvement, including Windstream Services retaining bare legal title (but not beneficial ownership) to the various easements, permits and pole attachments related to the telecommunications network assets, we have accounted for the transaction as a failed spin-leaseback for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the net book value of the network assets transferred to Uniti continue to be reported in our consolidated balance sheet and all depreciable assets will be fully depreciated over the initial lease term of 15 years. At inception of the master lease, we recorded a long-term lease obligation of approximately $5.1 billion equal to the sum of the minimum future annual lease payments over the 15-year lease term discounted to the present value based on Windstream Services’ incremental borrowing rate. Funding received from Uniti in December 2015 for capital expenditures was recorded as an increase to the long-term lease obligation. As annual lease payments are made, a portion of the payment decreases the long-term lease obligation with the balance of the payment charged to interest expense using the effective interest method.

~~See Note 6 for additional information regarding the master lease agreement.~~

~~F-5~~

~~Table of Contents~~

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table reflects the consolidated operating results of Windstream Holdings ~~as of~~for the years ended December 31:


										2017 to 2016					2016 to 2015														2019 to 2018					2018 to 2017
(Millions)	2017			2016			2015			Increase (Decrease)			%		Increase (Decrease)			%		2019			2018			2017			Increase (Decrease)			%		Increase (Decrease)			%
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues	$	5,759.7		$	5,279.9		$	5,598.6		$	479.8		9		$	(318.7	)	(6	)	$	5,023.6		$	5,637.2		$	5,759.7		$	(613.6	)	(11	)	$	(122.5	)	(2	)
Product sales	93.2			107.1			166.7			(13.9		)	(13	)	(59.6		)	(36	)
Product and fiber sales																				91.8			75.9			93.2			15.9			21		(17.3		)	(19	)
Total revenues and sales	5,852.9			5,387.0			5,765.3			465.9			9		(378.3		)	(7	)	5,115.4			5,713.1			5,852.9			(597.7		)	(10	)	(139.8		)	(2	)
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services (a)	2,964.9			2,677.8			2,762.0			287.1			11		(84.2		)	(3	)	3,341.3			2,854.8			2,962.7			486.5			17		(107.9		)	(4	)
Cost of products sold	93.5			98.5			145.2			(5.0		)	(5	)	(46.7		)	(32	)
Cost of product and fiber sales																				77.6			69.1			93.5			8.5			12		(24.4		)	(26	)
Selling, general and administrative	896.8			797.7			866.5			99.1			12		(68.8		)	(8	)	756.7			889.0			896.1			(132.3		)	(15	)	(7.1		)	(1	)
Depreciation and amortization	1,470.0			1,263.5			1,366.5			206.5			16		(103.0		)	(8	)	1,068.2			1,526.7			1,470.0			(458.5		)	(30	)	56.7			4
Goodwill impairment (b)	1,840.8			—			—			1,840.8			*		—			*		2,712.3			—			1,840.8			2,712.3			*		(1,840.8		)	(100	)
Merger, integration and other costs	137.4			13.8			95.0			123.6			*		(81.2		)	(85	)	8.3			31.9			137.4			(23.6		)	(74	)	(105.5		)	(77	)
Restructuring charges	43.0			20.3			20.7			22.7			112		(0.4		)	(2	)	28.5			45.0			43.0			(16.5		)	(37	)	2.0			5
Total costs and expenses	7,446.4			4,871.6			5,255.9			2,574.8			53		(384.3		)	(7	)	7,992.9			5,416.5			7,443.5			2,576.4			48		(2,027.0		)	(27	)
Operating (loss) income	(1,593.5		)	515.4			509.4			(2,108.9		)	*		6.0			1
Dividend income on Uniti common stock	—			17.6			48.2			(17.6		)	(100	)	(30.6		)	(63	)
Other (expense) income, net	—			(1.2		)	9.3			1.2			(100	)	(10.5		)	(113	)
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock (c)	—			15.2			—			(15.2		)	(100	)	15.2			*
Gain (loss) on sale of data center business (d)	0.6			(10.0		)	326.1			10.6			(106	)	(336.1		)	(103	)
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	(56.4		)	(18.0		)	(36.4		)	(38.4		)	*		18.4			(51	)
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti common stock (c)	—			(181.9		)	—			181.9			(100	)	(181.9		)	*
Operating income (loss)																				(2,877.5		)	296.6			(1,590.6		)	(3,174.1		)	*		1,887.2			(119	)
Other expense, net																				(7.8		)	(4.9		)	(2.3		)	2.9			59		2.6			113
Gain on sale of Consumer CLEC business (c)																				—			145.4			—			(145.4		)	100		145.4			*
Reorganization items, net (d)																				(260.6		)	—			—			(260.6		)	*		—			*
Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt																				—			190.3			(56.4		)	(190.3		)	100		(246.7		)	*
Interest expense	(875.4		)	(860.6		)	(813.2		)	(14.8		)	2		(47.4		)	6		(331.9		)	(901.3		)	(875.4		)	(569.4		)	(63	)	25.9			3
(Loss) income before income taxes	(2,524.7		)	(523.5		)	43.4			(2,001.2		)	*		(566.9		)	*
Income tax (benefit) expense	(408.1		)	(140.0		)	16.0			(268.1		)	192		(156.0		)	*
Net (loss) income	$	(2,116.6	)	$	(383.5	)	$	27.4		$	(1,733.1	)	*		$	(410.9	)	*
Loss before income taxes																				(3,477.8		)	(273.9		)	(2,524.7		)	3,203.9			*		(2,250.8		)	(89	)
Income tax benefit (expense)																				320.0			(449.1		)	408.1			769.1			171		857.2			*
Net loss																				$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)	$	2,434.8		*		$	(1,393.6	)	(66	)

* Not meaningful


(a)	Excludes depreciation and amortization included below.


(b)	~~See Note 4 for further discussion related to the goodwill impairment charge.~~


~~(c)~~	See Note 5 for further discussion related to the ~~other-than-temporary~~goodwill impairment ~~loss and the net gain realized on the disposal of our investment~~charges recorded in ~~Uniti common stock.~~2019.


~~(d)~~(c)	See ~~“Assets Disposals” in~~ Note 214 for further discussion related to the sale of the ~~data center operations.~~Consumer CLEC business.


(d)	See Note 3 for further discussion related to reorganization items, net.

A detailed discussion and analysis of our consolidated operating results is presented below.

~~F-6~~F-7

Table of Contents

Service Revenues

The following table reflects the primary drivers of year-over-year changes in service revenues:

Year Ended
December 31, 2017 Year Ended
December 31, 2016
Increase (Decrease) Increase (Decrease)
(Millions) Amount
%     Amount
%
Increase attributable to acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview $ 869.2
$ —

Changes in CLEC Consumer revenues (a) (0.1 ) 2.1

Decreases in Consumer & Small Business revenues (b) (78.9 ) (48.2 )
Decreases in Wholesale revenues (c) (115.5 ) (73.2 )
Decreases in Enterprise revenues (d) (194.9 ) (68.2 )
Decrease attributable to disposed businesses (e) —
(131.2 )
Net changes in service revenues $ 479.8
9 $ (318.7 ) (6 )



	Year Ended December 31, 2019					Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)
(Millions)	Amount			%		Amount			%
Increases attributable to acquisitions	$	27.3				$	328.0
Decreases attributable to disposition of Consumer CLEC business	(170.4		)			—
Decreases in Wholesale revenues (a)	(35.2		)			(31.7		)
Decreases in Kinetic revenues (b)	(83.0		)			(127.4		)
Decreases in Enterprise revenues (c)	(352.3		)			(291.4		)
Net changes in service revenues	$	(613.6	)	(11	)	$	(122.5	)	(2	)


(a)	~~Decreases were primarily due to reductions in voice, long-distance, and Internet service revenues attributable to a declining customer base, reflecting the effects of competition.~~


~~(b)~~	Decreases were primarily from reductions in both Consumer & Small Business voice-only revenues attributable to a decline in customers due to the impacts of competition as well as reductions in switched access revenues and federal USF surcharges due to the impacts of inter-carrier compensation reform.


~~(c)~~	Decreases were primarily due to declining demand for dedicated copper-based circuits, as carriers continue to migrate traffic to fiber-based connections.


~~(d)~~(b)	Decreases were primarily due to lower high-speed Internet bundle revenue and voice-only revenues attributable to declines in households served and small business customers due to the impacts of competition and reductions in switched access revenues and federal USF surcharges due to the impacts of intercarrier compensation reform.


(c)	Decreases were primarily due to reductions in traditional voice, long-distance and data and integrated services due to lower sales and increased customer churn attributable to the effects of competition, as well as declines in long-distance usage.


~~(e)~~	Represents revenues attributable to the data center and directory publishing businesses sold in December and April of 2015, respectively, as well as the consumer CLEC business transferred to Uniti in connection with the spin-off completed on April 24, 2015.

See “Segment Operating Results” for a further discussion of changes in Kinetic, Enterprise, ~~Consumer & Small Business,~~and Wholesale ~~and CLEC Consumer~~ revenues.

Product and Fiber Sales

Product sales consist of product sales of various types of communications equipment to our ~~customers. We also sell~~customers including network equipment to contractors on a wholesale basis. Enterprise product sales ~~includes~~include high-end data and communications equipment which facilitate the delivery of advanced data and voice services to our enterprise customers. Consumer product sales include ~~high-speed Internet modems,~~ home networking equipment, computers and phones. ~~Sales~~Wholesale fiber sales consist of ~~high-speed Internet modems~~amounts recognized from sales-type leases where control of the fiber has transferred to ~~consumers have declined as a result of our implementation of a modem rental program.~~the customer.

~~F-7~~

~~Table of Contents~~

The following table reflects the primary drivers of year-over-year changes in product and fiber sales:

Year Ended
December 31, 2017 Year Ended
December 31, 2016
Increase (Decrease) Increase (Decrease)
(Millions) Amount
%
Amount
%
Increase attributable to acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview $ 1.8
$ —

Increase in CLEC Consumer product sales 0.5
—

Decreases in Consumer & Small Business product sales (6.6 ) (6.8 )
Decreases in Enterprise product sales (a) (9.6 ) (52.8 )
Net decreases in product sales $ (13.9 ) (13 ) $ (59.6 ) (36 )



	Year Ended December 31, 2019				Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease)				Increase (Decrease)
(Millions)	Amount			%	Amount			%
Increase attributable to acquisitions	$	—			$	1.2
Increase in wholesale fiber sales	12.6				—
Decreases attributable to disposition of Consumer CLEC business	(0.5		)		(0.2		)
Changes in Kinetic product sales (a)	16.4				(7.4		)
Decreases in Enterprise product sales (b)	(12.6		)		(10.9		)
Net decreases in product and fiber sales	$	15.9		21	$	(17.3	)	(19	)


(a)	In 2019, the increase was primarily due to higher sales of network equipment on a wholesale basis to contractors due to increased demand. The decrease in 2018 was primarily due to declines in the sales of network equipment on a wholesale basis to contractors due to lower demand.


(b)	Decreases were primarily due to our efforts to improve profitability by streamlining our product offerings and shifting our focus from product sales to offering high-value integrated solutions to our customers designed to produce higher margins and recurring revenue streams.lower equipment installations.

F-8

Table of Contents

Cost of Services

Cost of services expense primarily consists of charges incurred for network operations, interconnection, bad debt and business taxes. Network operations charges include salaries and wages, materials, contractor costs, IT support and costs to lease certain network facilities. Interconnection consists of charges incurred to access the public switched network and transport traffic to the Internet, including charges paid to other carriers for access points where we do not own the primary network infrastructure. Other expenses consist of third-party costs for ancillary voice and data services, business and financial services, bad debt and business taxes.

The following table reflects the primary drivers of year-over-year changes in cost of services:

Year Ended
December 31, 2017 Year Ended
December 31, 2016
Increase (Decrease) Increase (Decrease)
(Millions) Amount
%     Amount
%
Increase attributable to acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview $ 544.3
$ —

Changes in medical insurance (a) 2.2
(19.8 )
Decreases in other operations (b) (17.3 ) (0.2 )
Changes in network operations (c) (18.3 ) 5.8

Changes in federal USF expenses (d) (24.8 ) 4.7

Changes in pension and postretirement expense (e) (28.8 ) 50.9

Decreases in interconnection expense (f) (170.2 ) (54.3 )
Decrease attributable to disposed businesses —
(71.3 )
Net changes in cost of services $ 287.1
11 $ (84.2 ) (3 )



	Year Ended December 31, 2019				Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease)				Increase (Decrease)
(Millions)	Amount			%	Amount			%
Increases in straight-line expense attributable to contractual arrangement with Uniti	$	675.2			$	—
Changes in bad debt expense (a)	28.0				(10.5		)
Increases attributable to acquisitions	6.3				182.6
Decreases in pension and postretirement expense	(0.2		)		(5.7		)
Decreases in federal USF expenses (b)	(4.6		)		(7.7		)
Decreases in other operations (c)	(16.3		)		(47.8		)
Decreases in network operations (d)	(13.7		)		(42.3		)
Decreases attributable to disposition of Consumer CLEC business	(67.5		)		—
Decreases in interconnection expense (e)	(120.7		)		(176.5		)
Net changes in cost of services	$	486.5		17	$	(107.9	)	(4	)

(a)

~~The decrease~~Increase in ~~2016~~2019 was primarily due to a ~~reduction~~reserve of $19.7 million for funding denial from Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”) pursuant to funding for the years 2012 to 2017 related to a large customer participating in ~~healthcare benefit costs driven~~the Universal Service Rural Healthcare Telecommunications Program. The decrease in 2018 primarily ~~by fewer employees and plan design changes.~~reflected improvement in the collection of our trade receivables.

(b)

The decrease in 2017 reflects reduced labor costs, primarily attributable to workforce reductions completed during the year, partially offset by incremental expenses of $4.5 million related to Hurricanes Harvey and Irma and $8.3 million of costs incurred in connection with a carrier access settlement. Also included in other operations is a reserve for a penalty attributable to not meeting certain spend commitments under a circuit discount plan of $7.7 million.

~~(c)~~

The decrease in 2017 reflects reduced labor costs, primarily attributable to workforce reductions completed during the year, partially offset by increases in contract labor and overtime costs incurred to deploy and support premium high-speed Internet service to our customers and higher leased network facilities costs attributable to expansion of our fiber transport network. The increase in 2016 was also due to higher contract labor and overtime costs incurred to deploy and support premium high-speed Internet service to our customers.

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~~(d)~~	~~The decrease in 2017 reflects a reduction in the USF contribution factor from 2016 and~~Decreases reflect the overall decline in revenues when excluding the effects of the ~~EarthLink~~acquisitions.


(c)	Decreases were primarily attributable to cost savings and ~~Broadview acquisitions. Conversely, the increase~~other expense management initiatives. The decrease in ~~2016~~2018 was partially offset by incremental network optimization costs of $27.3 million incurred in migrating traffic to existing lower cost circuits and terminating contracts prior to their expiration.


(d)	Decreases were primarily driven by ~~an increase~~reductions in ~~the average USF contribution factor from 2015.~~labor costs attributable to workforce reductions completed in 2019 and 2018.

(e)

The changes in pension and postretirement expense were primarily attributable to the differences in the net actuarial losses for pension benefits recognized in the current and prior year periods. During 2017, we recognized a net actuarial loss of $10.5 million, of which $7.9 million was included in cost of services. Comparatively, we recognized net actuarial losses of $60.7 million and $8.7 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively, of which $40.7 million and $6.7 million was included in cost of services. The net actuarial loss in 2017 primarily resulted from a reduction in the discount rate used to measure the pension benefit obligations, which decreased from 4.19 percent in 2016 to 3.68 percent in 2017. The net actuarial loss in 2016 primarily resulted from a reduction in the discount rate used to measure the pension benefit obligations, which decreased from 4.55 percent in 2015 to 4.19 percent in~~2016~~. Year-over-year comparisons also reflected the effects of curtailment and settlement gains recognized in 2016 from the elimination of medical and prescription subsidies for certain active and retired participants. These gains reduced cost of services by $4.5 million in 2016. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our pension and postretirement benefit plans.

~~(f)~~

~~The decreases~~Decreases in interconnection expense were primarily attributable to rate reductions and cost improvements from the continuation of network efficiency projects, increased customer churn, and lower ~~long distance usage,~~long-distance usage. The decrease in 2019 was partially offset by ~~an increase in higher capacity circuits~~incremental costs incurred related to ~~service existing customers and increase the transport capacity~~spend commitment penalties under certain carrier discount plans of ~~our network.~~$102.5 million.

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Cost of ~~Products Sold~~Product and Fiber Sales

Cost of ~~products sold~~product and fiber sales represents the associated cost of equipment and fiber sales to customers. ~~The changes in cost of products sold were generally consistent with the change in product sales.~~

The following table reflects the primary drivers of year-over-year changes in cost of ~~products sold:~~product and fiber sales:


	Year Ended December 31, 2017					Year Ended December 31, 2016					Year Ended December 31, 2019				Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)				Increase (Decrease)
(Millions)	Amount			%		Amount			%		Amount			%	Amount			%
Increase attributable to acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview	$	2.8				$	—
Decreases in Consumer & Small Business product sales	(2.8		)			(10.6		)
Decreases in Wholesale product sales	(1.4		)			—
Increases attributable to acquisitions											$	—			$	0.3
Increases in Wholesale fiber sales											1.6				—
Decreases attributable to disposition of Consumer CLEC business											(0.5		)		—
Increases in sales to Kinetic customers											15.2				(10.1		)
Decreases in product sales to Enterprise customers	(3.6		)			(36.1		)			(7.8		)		(14.6		)
Net decreases in cost of products sold	$	(5.0	)	(5	)	$	(46.7	)	(32	)	$	8.5		12	$	(24.4	)	(26	)

The changes in both periods were generally consistent with the changes in revenues earned from product and fiber sales.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”)

SG&A expenses result from sales and marketing efforts, advertising, IT support, costs associated with corporate and other support functions and professional fees. These expenses include salaries, wages and employee benefits not directly associated with the provisioning of services to our customers.

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The following table reflects the primary drivers of year-over-year changes in SG&A expenses:


	Year Ended December 31, 2017				Year Ended December 31, 2016					Year Ended December 31, 2019					Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease)				Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)
(Millions)	Amount			%	Amount			%		Amount			%		Amount			%
Increase attributable to acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview	$	203.6			$	—
Decreases in medical insurance	(1.8		)		(3.9		)
Increases attributable to acquisitions										$	2.2				$	66.6
Changes due to business transformation expenses (a)										(22.8		)			22.8
Decreases in sales and marketing expenses										(6.9		)			(3.4		)
Decreases in share-based compensation	(4.5		)		(11.6		)			(8.5		)			(18.6		)
Decreases in sales and marketing expenses	(6.1		)		(8.8		)
Changes in pension and postretirement expense (a)	(15.4		)		21.8
Decreases in other costs	(18.9		)		(22.6		)
Decreases attributable to disposition of Consumer CLEC business										(11.3		)			—
Decreases in occupancy rent										(11.4		)			(7.9		)
Decreases in salaries and other benefits (b)	(57.8		)		(26.8		)			(32.6		)			(60.8		)
Decrease attributable to disposed businesses	—				(16.9		)
Decreases in other costs (c)										(41.0		)			(5.8		)
Net changes in SG&A	$	99.1		12	$	(68.8	)	(8	)	$	(132.3	)	(15	)	$	(7.1	)	(1	)

(a)

~~The changes~~These expenses primarily consisted of third-party consulting fees, incremental labor, travel, training and other transition costs incurred in ~~pension and postretirement expense were primarily attributable~~2018 related to the ~~differences in the net actuarial losses for pension benefits recognized in the current and prior year periods. During 2017, we recognized a net actuarial loss~~outsourcing of $10.5 million, of which $2.6 million was included in SG&A. Comparatively, we recognized net actuarial losses of $60.7 million and $8.7 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively, of which $20.0 million and $2.0 million was included in SG&A. The net actuarial loss in 2016 primarily resulted from a reduction in the discount rate used to measure the pension benefit obligations, which decreased from 4.55 percent in 2015 to 4.19 percent in 2016. Year-over-year comparisons also reflected the effects of curtailment and settlement gains recognized in 2016 from the elimination of medical and prescription subsidies for certain active and retired participants. These gains reduced SG&A by $1.0 million in 2016. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our pension and postretirement benefit plans.support functions.


(b)	~~The decreases~~Decreases were ~~primarily due to reduced labor costs,~~ primarily attributable to workforce reductions completed ~~during each year. The decrease~~ in ~~2017 also reflects a reduction in residual partner commissions directly related to the decline in business customers.~~2019 and 2018.


(c)	Decreases were primarily attributable to cost savings and other expense management initiatives.

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Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expense includes the depreciation of property, plant and equipment and the amortization of intangible assets. The following table reflects the primary drivers of year-over-year changes in depreciation and amortization expense:


	Year Ended December 31, 2017				Year Ended December 31, 2016					Year Ended December 31, 2019					Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease)				Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)					Increase (Decrease)
(Millions)	Amount			%	Amount			%		Amount			%		Amount			%
Increase attributable to acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview	$	170.1			$	—
Increases attributable to acquisitions										$	2.0				$	48.0
Decreases attributable to disposition of Consumer CLEC business										(32.8		)			—
Changes in depreciation expense (a)	62.4				(39.9		)			(388.3		)			49.1
Decreases in amortization expense (b)	(26.0		)		(26.8		)			(39.4		)			(40.4		)
Decrease attributable to disposed businesses	—				(36.3		)
Net changes in depreciation and amortization expense	$	206.5		16	$	(103.0	)	(8	)	$	(458.5	)	(30	)	$	56.7		4

(a)

~~Changes~~The decrease in ~~depreciation expense were~~2019 primarily reflects the de-recognition of $1.3 billion of network assets previously transferred to Uniti due to the accounting change for this arrangement upon adoption of the new leasing standard previously discussed. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to ~~the implementation~~incremental depreciation associated with additions of new depreciation rates that shortened the depreciable lives of assets used by certain of our subsidiaries partially offset by the effects of extending the useful lives of certain fiber assets from 20 to 25 years. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.property, plant and equipment.


(b)	Decreases ~~in amortization expense reflected~~reflect the use of the sum-of-the-years-digits method for customer lists. The effect of using an accelerated amortization method results in an incremental decline in expense each ~~period~~year as the intangible assets amortize.

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Merger, Integration and Other Costs and Restructuring Charges

We incur costs to complete a merger or acquisition and integrate its operations into our business which are presented as merger and integration expense in our consolidated results of operations. These costs include transaction costs, such as accounting, legal, consulting and broker fees; severance and related costs; IT and network conversion; ~~marketing~~rebranding and ~~rebranding;~~marketing; and contract termination fees. ~~During~~In 2017, we incurred investment banking fees, legal, accounting and other consulting fees, severance and employee benefit costs, contract and lease termination costs, and other integration expenses related to the mergers with EarthLink and Broadview. We also incurred legal fees in 2017 related to pending litigation related to the REIT spin-off. During 2015, we also incurred investment banking fees, legal, accounting and other consulting fees related to the REIT spin-off and the sale of a portion of our data center business. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we begancompleted a network optimization project designed to consolidate traffic onto network facilities operated by us and reduce the usage of other carriers’ networks in our acquired CLEC markets. In undertaking this initiative, we incurred exit costs to migrate traffic to existing lower cost circuits and to terminate existing contracts prior to their expiration. We completed this project in 2017. In connection with a prior acquisition, we incurred lease termination costs related to the exit from an office facility obtained in the acquisition. During 2016, we renegotiated the terms of the lease resulting in the elimination of any future rental payments due under the original lease agreement. As a result, we recorded a $2.0 million reduction in the liability associated with this lease.

Restructuring charges are primarily incurred as a result of evaluations of our operating structure. Among other things, these evaluations explore opportunities to provide greater flexibility in managing and financing existing and future strategic operations, for task automation and the balancing of our workforce based on the current needs of our customers. Severance, lease exit costs and other related charges are included in restructuring charges.

During ~~the second half of 2017,~~2019 and 2018, we completed ~~a restructuring~~separate restructurings of our workforce to improve our overall cost structure and gain operational efficiencies. In undertaking these efforts, we eliminated approximately ~~725 employees.~~730 positions and incurred severance and employee benefit costs of $28.5 million in 2019, and we eliminated approximately 800 positions and incurred severance and employee benefit costs of $24.6 million in 2018. Restructuring charges for 2018 also included lease termination costs of $20.4 million due to vacating certain facilities. In ~~addition to this initiative,~~2017, we completed ~~other reductions in~~various restructurings of our workforce ~~during the first half of 2017 eliminating approximately 375 employees in~~to streamline our ~~ILEC small business~~operations and ~~enterprise segments as well as in~~better align our engineering, finance and information technology ~~work groups to more efficiently manage our operations.~~support functions. In completing these ~~workforce reductions,~~initiatives, we eliminated approximately 1,100 employees and incurred in total severance and ~~other~~ employee benefit costs of $35.0 million. Restructuring charges for 2017 also ~~include~~included lease termination costs associated with vacated facilities and consulting ~~fees.~~fees totaling $8.0 million.

~~During 2016 and 2015, restructuring charges primarily consisted~~

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Table of severance and other employee-related costs totaling $18.7 million and $15.6 million, respectively, related to the completion of several small workforce reductions. In 2015, we also incurred charges of $3.1 million related to a special shareholder meeting.Contents

The following is a summary of the merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges recorded for the years ended December 31:


(Millions)	2017		2016			2015		2019		2018		2017
Merger, integration and other costs:
Information technology conversion costs	$	3.0	$	0.3		$	7.5
Costs related to merger with EarthLink (a)	104.1		2.7			—		$	6.8	$	15.5	$	104.1
Costs related to merger with Broadview (b)	14.3		—			—		—		4.1		14.3
Costs related to REIT spin-off (See Note 5)	7.5		—			65.1
Costs related to sale of data center business	—		0.9			10.3
Costs related to acquisitions of MASS and ATC								—		2.5		—
Legal fees related to Uniti spin-off litigation (see Note 17)								0.3		7.2		7.5
Network optimization and contract termination costs	8.5		11.9			5.9		—		—		8.5
Consulting and other costs	—		—			6.2		1.2		2.6		3.0
Reversal of lease termination costs	—		(2.0		)	—
Total merger, integration and other costs	137.4		13.8			95.0		8.3		31.9		137.4
Restructuring charges	43.0		20.3			20.7		28.5		45.0		43.0
Total merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges	$	180.4	$	34.1		$	115.7	$	36.8	$	76.9	$	180.4

(a)

In ~~2017,~~2019 and 2018, these amounts include ~~investment banking, legal and other consulting services of $24.0 million,~~ severance and employee benefit costs for EarthLink employees terminated after the ~~Merger~~acquisition of ~~$39.0~~$5.0 million ~~share-based compensation expense of $10.1~~and $6.9 million, ~~attributable to the accelerated vesting of assumed equity awards for terminated EarthLink employees, rebranding and marketing of $5.3 million~~respectively, and other miscellaneous expenses of ~~$3.2~~$1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively. WeIn 2018, we also incurred contract and lease termination costs of $4.9 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of EarthLink.

~~F-11~~

~~Table~~In 2017, these amounts include investment banking, legal and other consulting services of ~~Contents~~

$24.0 million, severance and employee benefit costs for EarthLink employees terminated after the acquisition of $39.0 million, share-based compensation expense of $10.1 million attributable to the accelerated vesting of assumed equity awards for terminated EarthLink employees, rebranding and marketing costs of $5.3 million and other miscellaneous expenses of $3.2 million. We also incurred contract and lease termination costs of $22.5 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of EarthLink.

(b)

~~Includes investment banking, legal and other consulting fees of $4.5 million and~~In 2018, these amounts include severance and employee benefit costs for Broadview employees terminated after the acquisition of ~~$4.7~~$1.8 million. We also incurred contract and lease termination costs of ~~$3.7~~$2.3 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of Broadview.

In 2017, these amounts include investment banking, legal and other consulting fees of $4.5 million and severance and employee benefit costs for Broadview employees terminated after the acquisition of $4.7 million. We also incurred contract and lease termination costs of $3.7 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of Broadview.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had unpaid ~~merger, integration and other costs and restructuring~~ liabilities totaling ~~$19.5 million, which consisted of $9.2~~$8.1 million associated solely with ~~the~~ restructuring initiatives, ~~and $10.3 million related to merger, integration and other activities,~~ which are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Payments of these liabilities will be funded through operating cash flows (see Note ~~11)~~13).

Operating (Loss) Income

~~Operating (loss)~~We reported an operating loss of $2,877.5 million in 2019, as compared to operating income ~~decreased $2,108.9~~of $296.6 million in 2018. The operating loss in 2019 was primarily due to goodwill impairment charges of $2,712.3 million and additional straight-line expense of $675.2 million under our contractual arrangement with Uniti, partially offset by a reduction in depreciation and amortization expense of $458.5 million. The increase in straight-line expense and substantially all of the decline in depreciation expense resulted from the adoption of the new leasing standard effective January 1, 2019, and a change in the accounting treatment for our arrangement with Uniti to an operating lease, as previously discussed.

Operating income increased $1,887.2 million in 2018 primarily due to the absence of a goodwill impairment charge of $1,840.8 million ~~higher depreciation and amortization expense of $206.5 million, and increases~~incurred in 2017. The increase in 2018 also reflected reductions in merger, integration and other costs of ~~$123.6 million primarily~~$105.5 and incremental operating income before depreciation and amortization attributable to ~~the~~ acquisitions of Broadview and EarthLink. Operating (loss) income for 2017 was adversely impacted by additional restructuring charges of $22.7 million incurred in connection with workforce reductions completed in 2017, incremental expenses related to Hurricanes Harvey and Irma of $4.5 million and a carrier access settlement of $8.3$79.8 million. Operating (loss) income for 2017 also reflects reductions in consumer and enterprise revenues, wholesale services and switched access revenues due to customer losses from the effects of competition, declining demand for copper-based circuits to towers and the adverse affects of intercarrier compensation reform respectively. For 2017, theseThe increases ~~to expense~~ were partially offset by ~~incremental operating income, excluding~~higher depreciation and amortization expense of ~~$117.4~~$48.0 million due to the acquisitions and from additions to property, plant and equipment, incremental business transformation expenses of ~~Broadview~~$28.8 million, and ~~EarthLink. In 2016,~~$27.3 million of incremental network optimization costs.

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Both the operating loss incurred in 2019 and operating income increased $6.0 million reflecting growth in consumer high-speed Internet and enterprise data and integrated services revenues, lower interconnect costs and depreciation and amortization expense, reductions in enterprise salaries and other benefits due to our efforts in streamlining processes and improving operating efficiencies and the absence of transaction costs related to the REIT spin-off. These increases were nearly offset by an increase of $52.0 million in the amount of net actuarial losses recognized in pension and postretirement expense, as well as reductionsfor 2018 reflected decreases in consumer and enterprise revenues, wholesale services and switched access revenues due to customer losses from the effects of competition, declining demand for copper-based circuits to towers and the adverse effects of ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation reform, respectively. The adverse effects from these revenue reductions were partially offset by decreased labor costs attributable to workforce reductions completed in the past three years and lower interconnections costs attributable to rate reductions and cost improvements from the continuation of network efficiency projects, declines in the number of customers served and decreases in long-distance usage.

Other Expense, Net

The components of other expense, net were as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Loss on disposal of data center operations (a)	$	—		$	(7.9	)	$	—
Non-operating pension income (expense)	—			4.5			(2.0		)
Non-operating postretirement benefits expense	(0.4		)	(0.7		)	(0.9		)
Ineffectiveness of interest rate swaps	(3.0		)	—			—
Other, net	(4.4		)	(0.8		)	0.6
Other expense, net	$	(7.8	)	$	(4.9	)	$	(2.3	)


(a)	During 2018, Windstream Services disposed of its data center operations in Virginia. In completing this disposal, Windstream Services also settled its remaining obligations under a long-term lease and incurred a net loss on disposal.

Net ~~Loss~~Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt

The net gain (loss) ~~gain~~ on early extinguishment of debt by debt instrument was as follows for the year ended December 31:

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Senior secured credit facility $ (4.1 ) $ (3.1 ) $ (15.9 )
Broadview 2017 Notes 0.2
—
—
EarthLink 2019 and 2020 Notes (2.0 ) —
—
Partial repurchases of 2020 Notes 5.0
—
—
Exchanges of 2020, 2021, 2022 and April 2023 Notes (55.5 ) —
—
2018 Notes —
—
(21.7 )
2017 Notes —
(78.3 ) (11.3 )
Partial repurchase of 2021, 2022 and 2023 Notes —
63.4
18.3
PAETEC 2018 Notes —
—
(5.3 )
Cinergy Communications Company Notes —
—
(0.5 )
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt $ (56.4 ) $ (18.0 ) $ (36.4 )



(Millions)	2018		2017
Senior secured credit facility	$	—	$	(4.1	)
Broadview 2017 Notes	—		0.2
EarthLink 2019 and 2020 Notes	—		(2.0		)
Partial repurchase of 2020 Notes	—		5.0
Exchanges of 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 Notes	—		(55.5		)
Exchanges of 2021, 2022, 2023, August 2023 and 2024 Notes	190.3		—
Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt	$	190.3	$	(56.4	)

During the third quarter of 2018, Windstream Services completed the settlement of exchange offers, which expired on July 31, 2018, for (1) its 7.75 percent senior notes due October 15, 2020 (“2020 Notes”) for new 10.500 percent senior second lien notes due June 30, 2024 (the “New 2024 Notes”) and (2) its 7.75 percent senior notes due October 1, 2021 (“2021 Notes”), 7.50 percent senior notes due June 1, 2022 (“2022 Notes”), 7.50 percent senior notes due April 1, 2023 (“2023 Notes”), 6.375 percent senior notes due August 1, 2023 (“August 2023 Notes”) and 8.75 percent senior notes due December 15, 2024 (“2024 Notes”) for new 9.00 percent senior second lien notes due June 30, 2025 (the “New 2025 Notes”) as follows:

accepted for exchange $414.9 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes in exchange for $414.9 million aggregate principal amount of New 2024 Notes; and

accepted for exchange $18.8 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes, $5.3 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes, $86.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes, $340.7 million aggregate principal amount of August 2023 Notes, and $578.6 million aggregate principal amount of 2024 Notes, in exchange for $802.0 million aggregate principal amount of New 2025 Notes.

In completing the ~~fourth quarter~~exchange transactions, Windstream Services incurred $18.4 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees. The exchanges of the 2020 and 2021 Notes were accounted for as a debt modification, and the remaining exchanges of 2022 Notes, 2023 Notes, August 2023 Notes and 2024 Notes were accounted for as a debt extinguishment. For the exchanges accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting, Windstream Services recognized a net gain of $190.3 million, consisting of

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the net principal reduction of $226.0 million reduced by the write-off of a portion of the unamortized discount and debt issuance costs related to the original notes of $35.7 million.

In 2017, Windstream Services exchanged a portion of its ~~7.750 percent senior unsecured notes due October 15,~~ 2020 ~~(“2020 Notes”), 7.750 percent senior unsecured notes due October 1,~~Notes, 2021 ~~(“2021 Notes”), 7.500 percent senior unsecured notes due June 1,~~Notes, 2022 ~~(“2022 Notes”),~~Notes, and ~~7.500 percent senior unsecured notes due April 1, 2023 (“~~April 2023 ~~Notes”)~~Notes for new notes with maturities ranging from August 1, 2023 to October 31, 2025. In completing the exchanges, Windstream Services incurred $27.7 million in fees, consisting of $6.0 million in consent fees payable to lenders and $21.7 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees and the lenders received a net exchange premium of $95.1 million in the form of additional future principal payments. Based on a lender-by-lender analysis of participating creditors, Windstream Services concluded that a portion of the exchanges should be accounted for as a debt modification, and the remainder as a debt extinguishment. For the portion of the

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exchanges accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting, Windstream Services recognized a net loss of $55.5 million, consisting of the write-off of a portion of the net exchange premium and consent fees and unamortized premium and debt issuance costs.

~~During~~Also in 2017, pursuant to ~~the~~a debt repurchase program authorized by Windstream Services’ board of directors, Windstream Services repurchased in the open market $49.1 million aggregate principal amount of its 2020 Notes. In connection with the repurchase, Windstream Services recognized a pre-tax gain of $5.0 million. Windstream Services also repaid Broadview’s long-term debt and refinanced EarthLink’s long-term debt obligations that were assumed in the mergers. In repaying these debt obligations prior to their maturity, Windstream Services recognized a net pre-tax loss of ~~$(1.8)~~$1.8 million. Windstream Services also repaid term loan Tranche B5 and Tranche B6 of its senior secured credit facility through the issuance of a new term loan under Tranche B7, which effectively extended the maturity of the term loan from 2019 to 2024. In completing this refinancing, Windstream recognized a pre-tax loss of ~~$(4.1)~~$4.1 million.

During 2016, Windstream Services retired $1,370.9 million of long-term debt using proceeds from the issuance of a new $900.0 million secured term loan and available borrowings under its revolving line of credit. The retirements consisted of 7.875 percent senior unsecured notes due November 1, 2017, (the “2017 Notes”); 7.750 percent senior unsecured notes due October 1, 2021, (the “2021 Notes”); 7.500 percent senior unsecured notes due June 1, 2022, (the “2022 Notes”); 7.500 senior unsecured notes due April 1, 2023 and 6.375 percent senior unsecured notes due August 1, 2023, (collectively the “2023 Notes”). The retirements were accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting, and as a result, Windstream Services recognized a net loss from the extinguishment of these debt obligations.

Comparatively, in 2015, Windstream Services repurchased in the open market certain of its senior unsecured notes representing an aggregate principal amount of $299.5 million, utilizing available borrowings under Windstream Services’ revolving line of credit. In conjunction with the spin-off, Windstream Services completed a debt-for-debt exchange retiring $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under Tranches A3, A4 and B4 of its senior credit facility and $752.2 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under its revolving line of credit. Windstream Services also repaid the remaining $241.8 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings under Tranche B4. In addition, Windstream Services repaid $850.0 million of notes consisting of $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.125 percent senior unsecured notes due September 1, 2018 (the “2018 Notes”) and $450.0 million of aggregate principal amount of 9.875 percent due 2018 issued by a subsidiary, (the “PAETEC 2018 Notes”). The repayments were funded using a portion of the cash payment received from CS&L in conjunction with the spin-off. The debt-for-debt exchange and repayments were accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting and, as a result, Windstream Services recognized a loss due to the extinguishment of the aforementioned debt obligations.

Interest Expense

Set forth below is a summary of interest expense for the years ended December 31:


(Millions)	2017			2016			2015			2019			2018			2017
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche A	$	—		$	—		$	5.4
Superpriority debtor-in-possession term loan facility										$	21.0		$	—		$	—
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche B	100.7			62.5			37.7			165.7			112.1			100.7
Senior secured credit facility, revolving line of credit	29.5			18.8			21.1			63.1			45.7			29.5
Senior secured first and second lien notes										69.6			110.0			—
Senior unsecured notes	235.5			262.8			355.4			12.6			154.4			235.5
Notes issued by subsidiaries	10.4			6.8			22.4			6.7			6.8			10.4
Interest expense - long-term lease obligations:
Telecommunications network assets	484.9			500.8			351.6			—			467.0			484.9
Real estate contributed to pension plan	6.2			5.8			6.7			6.2			6.2			6.2
Impacts of interest rate swaps	10.1			11.0			20.5			(12.2		)	(3.5		)	10.1
Interest on capital leases and other	5.1			2.8			2.8			5.8			6.3			5.1
Less capitalized interest expense	(7.0		)	(10.7		)	(10.4		)	(6.6		)	(3.7		)	(7.0		)
Total interest expense	$	875.4		$	860.6		$	813.2		$	331.9		$	901.3		$	875.4

Interest expense ~~increased~~decreased approximately ~~$14.8~~$569.4 million, or 263 percent, in ~~2017,~~2019 primarily due to incremental borrowings under the revolving line of credit and term loans under Tranche B6 and B7 of the senior secured credit facility, the proceeds of which were primarily used to refinance the long-term debt obligations of Broadview and EarthLink assumed in the mergers and amounts outstanding under Tranche B5. These increases were partially offsetdriven by lower interest on the senior unsecured notes due to the 2016 redemption of the 2017 Notes, as well as partial repurchases of the 2020 Notes, 2021 Notes, 2022 Notes and 2023 Notes completed during 2016 and 2017, pursuant to a debt repurchase program authorized by Windstream Services’ board of directors.

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~~Interest~~ expense associated with the long-term lease obligation under the ~~master lease~~contractual arrangement with Uniti ~~also~~attributable to no longer accounting for our arrangement with Uniti as a financing obligation upon adoption of the new leasing standard, as previously discussed. Interest expense attributable to our senior unsecured notes decreased $141.8 million primarily due to the effects of the exchange transactions completed in ~~2017~~the third quarter of 2018 and no longer recording interest expense on these obligations after the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases. These decreases were partially offset by additional interest associated with borrowings under our superpriority debtor-in-possession facility and the adverse effects of exchanging unsecured senior notes for new 2024 and 2025 second lien notes in the third quarter of 2018, which were issued at comparatively higher interest rates, as well as higher interest costs applicable to borrowings outstanding under the senior secured credit facility. Following our default under the senior secured credit facility, interest rates charged on these borrowings reset to the applicable default rates, which are comparatively higher than the non-default interest rates.

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Comparatively, interest expense increased approximately $25.9 million or 3 percent, in 2018 reflecting one-time financing fees of $9.2 million incurred in completing the 2018 consent and exchange transactions that were expensed in accordance with debt modification accounting. In addition, interest expense increased in 2018 due to the adverse effects of exchanging existing unsecured senior notes for the new 2024 and 2025 second lien notes, which were issued at comparatively higher interest rates, as well as higher interest costs due to incremental borrowings under the senior secured credit facility. These increases were partially offset by lower interest expense associated with the long-term lease obligation with Uniti of $17.9 million, due to a larger portion of the monthly ~~lease~~ payment being recorded as a reduction to the long-term lease obligation in applying the effective interest method over the initial term of the master lease. Comparatively, the increase in 2016 primarily resulted from additional interest associated with the long-term lease obligation under the master lease, partially offset by reduced interest costs due to the retirement of the 2017 Notes and the partial repurchases of the 2021 Notes, 2022 Notes, and 2023 Notes under the debt repurchase program.arrangement.

Income Taxes

We recognized an income tax ~~benefits~~benefit of ~~$408.1 million and $140.0~~$320.0 million in ~~2017 and 2016 respectively.~~2019, as compared to income tax expense of $449.1 million in 2018. The income tax benefit recorded in ~~2017~~2019 reflected the loss before taxes. This benefit was offset by discrete tax expense of ~~$213.2~~$457.1 million related to our goodwill impairment, discrete tax expense of ~~$153.4~~$27.9 million related to our ~~debt exchange,~~bankruptcy reorganization, and discrete tax expense of ~~$192.2~~$60.5 million ~~due~~related to the ~~2017 Tax Act further discussed below.~~increase in our valuation allowance. Our effective tax rate in ~~2017~~2019 was ~~16.2~~9.2 percent, compared to ~~26.7~~(164.0) percent in ~~2016~~2018 and ~~36.9~~16.2 percent in ~~2015.~~2017. The effective tax rate in ~~2017~~2019 was impacted by ~~the effect of~~ the discrete items discussed above.

~~For 2018, our annualized effective income tax rate is expected to range between 25 percent~~On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and 26 percent, excluding one-time discrete items. Changes in our relative profitability, as well as recent and proposed changes to federal and state tax laws may cause the rate to change from historical rates. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of income tax expense and deferred taxes.

~~Federal Tax Reform~~

~~As previously discussed, on December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax~~Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law in the United States and represented the largest sweeping tax reform legislation in 30 years. The most significant change is the reduction of the statutory corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, we have not fully completed our accounting for the impacts of the Act. However, we have reasonably estimated the effects on our deferred tax account balances dueStates. Due to the ~~re-measurement required for the rate change. The rate change resulted in a decrease of our net deferred tax assets of $192.2 million and corresponding deferred income expense which is included~~enactment occurring in the ~~provisional income tax expense during~~first quarter of 2020, it is not accounted for in the ~~period it was enacted. In other cases, we~~2019 financial statements. We do not expect the CARES Act to have ~~not been able~~a material impact to ~~make reasonable estimates regarding the impact~~our consolidated results of ~~the Act and continue to account for those items under existing GAAP and statutory tax provisions in effect on December 31, 2017.~~operations.

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

Effective ~~November~~April 1, ~~2017,~~2019, we ~~implemented a new~~reorganized our business operations into 3 segments: Kinetic, Enterprise and Wholesale. The Kinetic business unit ~~organizational structure designed to strengthen our ability to achieve our operational, strategic and financial goals. We have disaggregated our operations between~~primarily serves customers ~~located~~ in ~~service areas~~markets in which we are the incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC”) and ~~provide~~provides services over network facilities operated by usus. The Enterprise and ~~those~~Wholesale business units primarily serve customers ~~located~~ in ~~service areas~~markets in which we are a competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) and provide services over network facilities primarily leased from other carriers. ~~We have further disaggregated our CLEC operations between enterprise, wholesale and consumer customers. Following our~~As a result of this reorganization, we ~~now operate~~improved the alignment of our customer base within our ILEC and ~~report~~CLEC markets. The significant changes to our previous segment structure included: (1) shifting certain business customers with operations in ILEC-only markets from the ~~following four segments:~~

Enterprise segment to the Consumer & Small Business segment, which was renamed Kinetic; (2) shifting governmental and resale customers from Wholesale to Enterprise; (3) shifting wholesale customers and related services in ILEC markets from Wholesale to Kinetic; and (4) allocating certain corporate expenses, primarily property taxes, to the segments. Prior period segment information has been revised to reflect these changes for all periods presented.

On December 31, 2018, we completed the sale of substantially all of our consumer CLEC business. The consumer operations sold consisted solely of the former EarthLink consumer business that we acquired in February 2017. The sale of the consumer CLEC business did not represent a strategic shift in our operations nor have a major effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, and therefore did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. Accordingly, for periods prior to the sale, the sold CLEC business continues to be presented as a separate segment. The retained portion of the consumer CLEC business, primarily consisting of revenues generated from our master services agreement with Uniti have been assigned to the Enterprise segment. For financial reporting purposes, our segments consist of:

Kinetic - We manage as one business our residential, business, and ~~small business~~wholesale operations in those markets in which we are the ILEC due to the similarities with respect to service offerings, marketing strategies and customer service delivery. Residential customers can bundle voice, high-speed Internet and video services, to provide one convenient billing solution and receive bundle discounts. We offer a wide range of advanced Internet, voice, and web conferencing products to our business customers. These services are equipped to deliver high-speed Internet with competitive speeds, value added services to enhance business productivity and options to bundle services for a global business solution to meet our business customer needs.

Products and services offered to business customers include traditional local and long-distance voice services, high-speed Internet services, and value-added services such as security and online back-up, which are delivered primarily over network facilities operated by us. We offer consumer video services through relationships with DirecTV and Dish Network LLC, and we also own and operate cable television franchises in some of our service areas. We offer Kinetic, a ~~complete~~premium broadband and video entertainment offering in several of our markets.

~~Residential customers can bundle voice, high-speed Internet~~Our wholesale services are focused on providing network bandwidth to other telecommunications carriers and ~~video~~network operators. These services include special access services, which provide access and network transport services to ~~provide one convenient billing solution~~end users including Ethernet access up to 2 Gbps, traditional TDM private line access and ~~receive bundle discounts. Small Business~~transport. Wholesale services ~~offer a wide range~~also include fiber-to-the-tower

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connections to support the wireless backhaul market, and both Ethernet/dedicated Internet connections and broadband access services. The combination of these services allow Kinetic wholesale customers to provide voice and ~~web conferencing products. These services are equipped to deliver high-speed Internet with competitive speeds, value added~~data services to ~~enhance business productivity and options to bundle services for a global business solution to meet~~their customers through the use of our ~~small business customer needs.~~network or in combination with their own networks.

Enterprise - Products and services offered to our business customers include integrated voice and data services, which deliver voice and broadband services over a single Internet connection, data transport services, multi-site networking services which provide a fast and private connection between business locations, SD-WAN, which optimizes application performance, UCaaS, a next generation voice solution, as well as a variety of other data services, including cloud computing and collocation and managed services as an alternative to traditional information technology infrastructure.

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Wholesale - Our wholesale operations are focused on providing network bandwidth to other telecommunications carriers, network operators, and content ~~providers.~~providers within CLEC markets. These services include ~~special access services, which provide access and~~ network transport services to end users, Ethernet and Wave transport up to 100 Gbps, and dark fiber and colocation services. Wholesale services also include fiber-to-the-tower connections in CLEC markets to support the wireless backhaul market. In addition, we offer voice and data carrier services to other communications providers and to larger-scale purchasers of network capacity. ~~We also offer traditional services including special access services and Time Division Multiplexing (“TDM”) private line transport.~~ The combination of these services allow wholesale customers to provide voice and data services to their customers through the use of our network or in combination with their own networks.

~~Consumer CLEC~~ - Products and services offered to customers include traditional voice and long-distance services, nationwide Internet access services, both dial-up and high-speed, as well as value added services including online backup and various e-mail services.

~~The accounting policies used in measuring segment operating results are the same as those described in Note 2.~~ We evaluate performance of the segments based on contribution margin which is computed as segment revenues and sales less segment operating expenses. All of our revenues and sales have been assigned to our operating segments based upon each customer’s classification to an individual segment and include all services provided to that customer. For 2017 and 2016, there are no differences between total segment revenues and sales and total consolidated revenues and sales. For 2015, revenues attributable to the sold data center and directory publishing businesses, as well as the consumer CLEC business transferred to Uniti are not assigned to the segments and are included in other service revenues.

~~We evaluate performance of the segments based on~~or segment income, which is computed as segment revenues and sales less segment operating expenses. Segment revenues are based upon each customer’s classification to an individual segment and include all services provided to that customer. ~~During the fourth quarter of 2017, in conjunction with reorganizing our operations, we now assign all of our~~Segment revenues ~~and sales to our business segments including regulatory and other revenues. Previously,~~also include revenue from federal and state ~~universal service funds,~~USF, CAF – Phase II support, funds received from federal access recovery mechanisms, revenues from providing switched access services, including usage-based revenues from long-distance companies and other carriers for access to our network to complete long-distance calls, reciprocal compensation received from wireless and other local connecting carriers for the use of network facilities, certain surcharges assessed to our customers, including billings for our required contributions to federal and state USF programs, and product sales to contractors were not assigned to our segments. We have also assigned the related operating expenses associated with these revenues. Previously, these expenses were not allocated to the segments and were included within other unassigned operating expenses in reconciling total segment income to total consolidated net (loss) income. We believe these changes more accurately present the operating results of each of our business segments. Accordingly, for 2017 and 2016, therecontractors. There are no differences between total segment revenues and sales and total consolidated revenues and sales. For 2015, revenues attributable to the sold data center and directory publishing businesses, as well as the consumer CLEC business transferred to Uniti are not assigned to the segments and are included in other service revenues. Prior period segment information has been revised to reflect these changes for all periods presented. The changes had no impact on our consolidated results of operations.

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resources, are not assigned to our segments. Interest expense and net ~~loss~~gain on early extinguishment of debt have also been excluded from segment operating results because we manage our financing activities on a total company basis and have not assigned any ~~long-term~~ debt or lease obligations to the segments. ~~Amounts related to our investment in Uniti common stock consisting of dividend income,~~Other expense, net, ~~gain on disposal and other-than-temporary impairment loss, as well as other (expense) income,~~reorganization items, net, and income tax benefit are not monitored as a part of our segment operations and, therefore, these items also have been excluded from our segment operating results.

See Note 1518 to the consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of total segment ~~revenues and sales~~income to ~~consolidated revenues and sales and segment income to~~our consolidated net loss.

~~Consumer & Small~~KINETIC SEGMENT

Strategy

To be competitive in the marketplace and retain existing customers and grow market share through new customer acquisition, we have made significant investments in our broadband network. We expect the fiber investments in our business footprint to drive increased sales and lower churn by creating a premium customer experience and enabling more robust solutions for our Kinetic Business ~~Segment~~ product, such as cloud voice services, next-generation networking and affordable business continuity plans. Our network investments will also power bandwidth-intensive applications such as video conferencing, file-sharing and high-definition (“HD”) content consumption. Connect America Fund (“CAF”) funding will also provide support and allow us to expand our broadband capabilities.

As of year-end 2019, we reached 70 percent of our footprint with 25 megabits per second (Mbps”) speeds and 42 percent of our footprint with 100 Mbps speeds. As of December 31, 2019, 53 percent of our consumer broadband customers were on speeds of 25 Mbps or greater. Our small business strategy also centers around investing in our network. During 2019, we doubled the availability of our Kinetic fiber Internet services, which provides speeds up to 1-Gigabit per second (“Gbps”) to approximately 100,000 business locations across 16 states.

Results of Operations

The following table reflects the ~~Consumer & Small Business~~Kinetic segment results of operations ~~as of~~for the years ended December 31:


							2017 to 2016					2016 to 2015											2019 to 2018					2018 to 2017
(Millions)	2017		2016		2015		Increase (Decrease)			%		Increase (Decrease)			%		2019		2018		2017		Increase (Decrease)			%		Increase (Decrease)			%
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues:
High-speed Internet bundles (a)	$	1,045.8	$	1,049.0	$	1,032.8	$	(3.2	)	—		$	16.2		2		$	1,008.5	$	1,012.0	$	1,045.8	$	(3.5	)	—		$	(33.8	)	(3	)
Voice only (b)	132.4		148.8		169.3		(16.4		)	(11	)	(20.5		)	(12	)
Voice-only (b)																	108.2		120.5		132.4		(12.3		)	(10	)	(11.9		)	(9	)
Video and miscellaneous(c)	45.0		45.8		49.0		(0.8		)	(2	)	(3.2		)	(7	)	38.6		44.3		45.0		(5.7		)	(13	)	(0.7		)	(2	)
Total consumer	1,223.2		1,243.6		1,251.1		(20.4		)	(2	)	(7.5		)	(1	)	1,155.3		1,176.8		1,223.2		(21.5		)	(2	)	(46.4		)	(4	)
Small business (c)	325.1		346.4		351.5		(21.3		)	(6	)	(5.1		)	(1	)
Switched access (d)	39.5		49.1		60.3		(9.6		)	(20	)	(11.2		)	(19	)
CAF Phase II funding and frozen federal USF (e)	188.0		193.8		197.5		(5.8		)	(3	)	(3.7		)	(2	)
State USF and ARM support (e)	104.9		121.9		144.2		(17.0		)	(14	)	(22.3		)	(15	)
End user surcharges (e)	63.8		68.6		67.0		(4.8		)	(7	)	1.6			2
Small business (d)																	310.8		335.7		360.3		(24.9		)	(7	)	(24.6		)	(7	)
Wholesale (e)																	211.3		229.6		242.5		(18.3		)	(8	)	(12.9		)	(5	)
Switched access (f)																	24.3		28.4		39.5		(4.1		)	(14	)	(11.1		)	(28	)
CAF Phase II funding and frozen federal USF (g)																	177.9		182.5		188.0		(4.6		)	(3	)	(5.5		)	(3	)
State USF and ARM support (g)																	84.7		93.3		104.9		(8.6		)	(9	)	(11.6		)	(11	)
End user surcharges (g)																	67.5		67.7		66.3		(0.2		)	—		1.4			2
Total service revenues	1,944.5		2,023.4		2,071.6		(78.9		)	(4	)	(48.2		)	(2	)	2,031.8		2,114.0		2,224.7		(82.2		)	(4	)	(110.7		)	(5	)
Product sales (f)	33.8		39.9		46.7		(6.1		)	(15	)	(6.8		)	(15	)
Product sales (h)																	42.9		26.5		33.8		16.4			62		(7.3		)	(22	)
Total revenues and sales	1,978.3		2,063.3		2,118.3		(85.0		)	(4	)	(55.0		)	(3	)	2,074.7		2,140.5		2,258.5		(65.8		)	(3	)	(118.0		)	(5	)
Cost and expenses (g)	848.5		870.7		913.8		(22.2		)	(3	)	(43.1		)	(5	)
Costs and expenses (i)																	885.6		884.4		937.2		1.2			—		(52.8		)	(6	)
Segment income	$	1,129.8	$	1,192.6	$	1,204.5	$	(62.8	)	(5	)	$	(11.9	)	(1	)	$	1,189.1	$	1,256.1	$	1,321.3	$	(67.0	)	(5	)	$	(65.2	)	(5	)

(a)

~~The decrease in high-speed Internet bundle revenues in 2017 was~~Decreases primarily due to the overall decline in customers served as further discussed below. Conversely, the increase in these revenues in 2016 was primarily due to the continued migration of customers to higher speeds andreflected the effects of ~~targeted price~~lower priced customer rate plans aimed at improving customer churn, which offset the net increases ~~partially offset by declines~~ in ~~high-speed Internet customers. Demand for faster~~ broadband ~~speeds are expected to favorably impact consumer high-speed Internet revenues, offsetting some of the decline in consumer voice revenues.~~customers during each period.


(b)	~~The decreases in voice-only revenues~~Decreases were primarily attributable to ~~declines in households served further discussed below.~~lower demand for voice-only services.

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(c)	~~The decreases~~Decreases reflect lower revenues from satellite, cable and IP television offerings due to declines in customers subscribing to these services.


(d)	Decreases were primarily attributable to lower usage for voice-only and high-speed Internet services and declines in customers due to the impacts of competition.


~~(d)~~(e)	Decreases due to lower usage for voice-only services, declines in fiber connections and data transport services due to customer churn.

(f)

Switched access revenues include usage sensitive revenues from long-distance companies and other carriers for access to our network in connection with the completion of long-distance calls, as well as reciprocal compensation received from wireless and other local connecting carriers for use of our network facilities. The decreases were primarily due to the effects of ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation reform. See “Regulatory Matters” for a further discussion.

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~~(e)~~(g)

Universal Service Fund (“USF”) revenues are government subsidies designed to partially offset the cost of providing wireline services in high-cost areas. CAF Phase II funding is provided for the purpose of expanding and supporting broadband service in rural areas and effectively replaces frozen federal USF support in those states in which we elected to receive the CAF Phase II funding. The access recovery mechanism (“ARM”) is additional federal universal service support available to help mitigate revenue losses from ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation reform not covered by the access recovery charge (“ARC”). The decreases in state USF and ARM support ~~in both 2017 and 2016, as well as the decline in USF surcharge revenues in 2017~~ were primarily due to the effects of ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation reform. See “Regulatory Matters” for a further discussion of state and federal regulatory actions impacting these revenues and our election of CAF Phase II funding.

~~(f)~~(h)

The ~~decreases were~~increase in 2019 was primarily due to ~~declines in the sales of high-speed modems and other networking equipment to customers as a result of implementing equipment rental programs and reduced~~higher sales of network equipment on a wholesale basis to contractors due to increased demand. Conversely, the decrease in 2018 was primarily due to lower sales of network equipment on a wholesale basis to contractors due to decreased demand.

~~(g)~~(i)

The ~~decreases were primarily due~~increase in 2019 resulted from higher field operations expense attributable to growth in our broadband customer base, partially offset by reductions in ~~contract~~ labor costs and interconnection expense. The decrease in 2018 primarily reflected reduced labor costs and lower interconnection expense. The declines in labor costs and interconnect expense ~~reflecting~~in both years reflected lower voice-only revenues due to the ~~decline~~declines in ~~households. The decrease in 2017 also reflects reduced labor costs attributable to~~households served and the effects of the workforce reductions completed ~~during the year.~~in 2019 and 2018.

For 2018, we are focused on expanding and enhancing our broadband capabilities to provide a great customer experience, improve customer retention and grow market share by continuing to increase broadband speeds and capacity throughout our territories. During the second quarter of 2017, we completed Project Excel, a capital program, which began in late 2015 and was focused on upgrading our fiber-fed infrastructure with Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line Generation 2 (“VDSL2”) electronics to enable faster broadband speeds and enhance our backhaul capabilities to address future capacity demands and improve network reliability. Through Project Excel, fiber expansion, new technologies and network deployment strategies we are now able to provide 25 megabits per second (“Mbps”) speeds to 55 percent of our broadband footprint and 50 Mbps speeds to 31 percent; which are competitive offerings in our rural markets. In addition, we offer 1-Gigabit Internet service in 15 states to deliver faster speeds to more of our customer base. CAF funding will also support and expand our broadband capabilities.

The following table reflects the ~~Consumer & Small Business~~Kinetic segment operating metrics as of December 31:


				2017 to 2016				2016 to 2015							2019 to 2018				2018 to 2017
(Thousands)	2017	2016	2015	Increase (Decrease)		%		Increase (Decrease)		%		2019	2018	2017	Increase (Decrease)		%		Increase (Decrease)		%
Consumer Operating Metrics:
Households served (a)	1,268.8	1,354.6	1,445.8	(85.8	)	(6	)	(91.2	)	(6	)	1,238.0	1,247.9	1,268.8	(9.9	)	(1	)	(20.9	)	(2	)
High-speed Internet customers (b)	1,006.6	1,051.1	1,095.1	(44.5	)	(4	)	(44.0	)	(4	)	1,049.3	1,021.0	1,006.6	28.3		3		14.4		1
Digital television customers (c)	277.9	321.0	359.3	(43.1	)	(13	)	(38.3	)	(11	)
Small Business customers (d)	128.1	139.7	146.8	(11.6	)	(8	)	(7.1	)	(5	)
Small Business customers (c)												110.3	118.1	128.1	(7.8	)	(7	)	(10.0	)	(8	)


(a)	~~The decreases~~Decreases in the number of ~~consumer~~ households served were primarily attributable to the effects of competition from wireless carriers, cable companies and other ~~providers using emerging technologies.~~providers.

(b)

~~The decreases~~Increases in consumer high-speed Internet customers ~~were~~reflect improved sales and customer retention efforts primarily ~~due~~attributable to ~~the effects of competition from other service providers and increased penetration in the marketplace, as the number of households without high-speed Internet service continues to shrink.~~offering faster, more competitive speeds. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we provided high-speed Internet service to ~~approximately 80 percent~~all of our primary residential lines in service and approximately 77 percent of our total voice lines had high-speed Internet competition, primarily from cable service providers.


(c)	~~The decreases in digital television customers~~Decreases were primarily due to competition from ~~other service providers.~~


~~(d)~~	~~The decreases in small business customers were primarily due to business closures and competition from~~ cable companies.

We expect the number of consumer households, consumer high-speed Internet customers, ~~digital television subscribers~~ and small business customers in our ILEC footprint to continue to be impacted by the effects of competition. To slow losses in our high-speed customer base, we began matching certain promotional pricing offerings from a cable competitor in several key markets late in the second quarter of 2017 and also increased our marketing and advertising efforts.

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~~Enterprise Segment Results of Operations~~ENTERPRISE SEGMENT

~~The following table reflects the Enterprise segment results of operations as of December 31:~~Strategy

2017 to 2016 2016 to 2015
(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Increase
(Decrease)
%
Increase
(Decrease)
%
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues:
Voice and long-distance (a) $ 945.1
$ 820.4
$ 873.8
$ 124.7
15
$ (53.4 ) (6 )
Data and integrated services (b) 1,604.6
1,456.8
1,474.7
147.8
10
(17.9 ) (1 )
Miscellaneous (c) 209.9
127.0
127.9
82.9
65
(0.9 ) (1 )
End user surcharges 123.9
116.5
112.5
7.4
6
4.0
4
Total service revenues 2,883.5
2,520.7
2,588.9
362.8
14
(68.2 ) (3 )
Product sales (d) 58.6
67.2
120.0
(8.6 ) (13 ) (52.8 ) (44 )
Total revenues and sales 2,942.1
2,587.9
2,708.9
354.2
14
(121.0 ) (4 )
Cost and expenses (e)
2,364.9
2,075.7
2,184.1
289.2
14
(108.4 ) (5 )
Segment income $ 577.2
$ 512.2
$ 524.8
$ 65.0
13
$ (12.6 ) (2 )


~~(a)~~	The increase in 2017 was primarily attributable to incremental revenues of $181.5 million and $41.8 million, respectively, as a result of the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview. Voice and long-distance revenues for both 2017 and 2016 were adversely impacted by declines in long-distance usage and increased customer churn due to the effects of competition.


~~(b)~~	The increase in 2017 was primarily due to incremental revenues of $216.2 million and $27.6 million, respectively, from the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview. Data and integrated services revenues for 2017 and 2016 were adversely impacted by increased customer churn due to the effects of competition.


~~(c)~~	~~The increase in 2017 was primarily due to incremental revenues of $58.7 million and $31.9 million, respectively, from the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview.~~


~~(d)~~	The decreases were primarily due to our efforts to improve profitability by streamlining our product offerings and shifting our focus from product sales to offering high-value integrated solutions to our customers designed to produce higher margins and recurring revenue streams.

~~(e)~~

The increase in 2017 was primarily due to incremental interconnection costs associated with the acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview in the amount of $231.9 million and $38.6 million, respectively. Comparatively, the decrease in 2016 was primarily related to reductions in headcount to increase operating efficiency and restructure our sales and customer service workforce to improve the overall customer experience.

Results of Operations

As further presented in the table below, our Enterprise segment’s operating results for 2019 were adversely impacted by the effects of operating a business while in bankruptcy, which has resulted in increased customer churn and has limited our ability to transition existing customers to our higher margin next-generation products, such as OfficeSuite®, SD-WAN and UCaaS. In addition to the disruption caused by bankruptcy, our Enterprise segment continues to be impacted by the effects of competition from other large communications services providers who offer similar services, from traditional voice to advanced data and technology services using similar facilities and technologies and compete directly with us for customers of all size.

The following table reflects the Enterprise segment ~~operating metrics as~~results of operations for the years ended December 31:

2017 to 2016 2016 to 2015
(Thousands) 2017
2016
2015
Increase
(Decrease)
%
Increase
(Decrease)
%
Enterprise customers 133.5
135.0
157.6
(1.5 ) (1 ) (22.6 ) (14 )



							2019 to 2018					2018 to 2017
(Millions)	2019		2018		2017		Increase (Decrease)			%		Increase (Decrease)			%
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues:
Core (a)	$	1,199.1	$	1,401.7	$	1,300.2	$	(202.6	)	(14	)	$	101.5		8
Strategic (b)	280.9		203.9		107.6		77.0			38		96.3			89
Legacy (c)	516.9		642.3		925.5		(125.4		)	(20	)	(283.2		)	(31	)
Other (d)	526.0		590.2		515.2		(64.2		)	(11	)	75.0			15
End user surcharges	119.3		129.9		125.7		(10.6		)	(8	)	4.2			3
Total service revenues	2,642.2		2,968.0		2,974.2		(325.8		)	(11	)	(6.2		)	—
Product sales	36.3		48.9		58.7		(12.6		)	(26	)	(9.8		)	(17	)
Total revenues and sales	2,678.5		3,016.9		3,032.9		(338.4		)	(11	)	(16.0		)	(1	)
Costs and expenses (e)	2,159.1		2,454.9		2,497.0		(295.8		)	(12	)	(42.1		)	(2	)
Segment income	$	519.4	$	562.0	$	535.9	$	(42.6	)	(8	)	$	26.1		5

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~~Wholesale Segment Results of Operations~~

~~The following table reflects the Wholesale segment results of operations as of December 31:~~

2017 to 2016 2016 to 2015
(Millions) 2017
2016
2015

Increase
(Decrease)

%

Increase
(Decrease)

%
Revenues:
Core wholesale (a) $ 589.7
$ 531.9
$ 569.1
$ 57.8
11
$ (37.2 ) (7 )
Resale (b) 69.3
68.7
73.0
0.6
1
(4.3 ) (6 )
Total core wholesale and resale 659.0
600.6
642.1
58.4
10
(41.5 ) (6 )
Wireless TDM (c) 17.7
30.3
45.8
(12.6 ) (42 ) (15.5 ) (34 )
Switched access (d) 43.3
55.1
73.2
(11.8 ) (21 ) (18.1 ) (25 )
Regulatory and other 36.3
34.8
32.9
1.5
4
1.9
6
Total service revenues 756.3
720.8
794.0
35.5
5
(73.2 ) (9 )
Product sales 0.3
—
—
0.3
*
—
*
Total revenues and sales 756.6
720.8
794.0
35.8
5
(73.2 ) (9 )
Cost and expenses (e)
226.8
194.5
187.5
32.3
17
7.0
4
Segment income $ 529.8
$ 526.3
$ 606.5
$ 3.5
1
$ (80.2 ) (13 )

(a)

Core ~~wholesale~~ revenues ~~primarily include revenues from providing special~~consist of dynamic Internet protocol, dedicated Internet access, ~~circuits, fiber connections,~~multi-protocol label switching services, integrated voice and data, ~~transport~~long distance, and ~~wireless backhaul~~managed services. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~2017~~2019 was primarily attributable to lower sales and higher churn in data and integrated services, partially offset by incremental revenues ~~of$103.8~~of $6.9 million ~~and $1.8 million, respectively, due~~attributable to our 2018 acquisitions. Conversely, the increase in 2018 primarily reflects incremental revenues from acquisitions of ~~EarthLink~~$98.9 million, partially offset by declines in traditional voice and ~~Broadview. Core wholesale revenues for both 2017 and 2016 were adversely impacted by lower usage for voice-only~~long-distance services and ~~higher disconnect activity as a result of carriers migrating to fiber-based networks.~~in long-distance usage.


(b)	~~Revenues represent voice~~Strategic revenues consist of SD-WAN, UCaaS, OfficeSuite©, and ~~data services sold~~associated network access products and services. Growth in these revenues were primarily due to ~~other communications services providers on a resale basis.~~increased demand for these product offerings.

(c)

Legacy revenues consist of TDM voice and data services. The decreases were primarily due to lower demand and higher churn in these revenues were attributable to declines in special access charges for dedicated copper-based circuits as carriers migrate to fiber-based networks. We expect these revenues to be adversely impacted as wireless carriers continue to migrate traffic to fiber-based connections.voice services.


(d)	Other revenues primarily consist of administrative service fees, subscriber line charges, and non-recurring usage-based long-distance revenues. The decreases ~~in these revenues were primarily attributable to~~reflect the adverse effects of ~~inter-carrier compensation reform.~~higher customer churn.

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(e)

~~The increase in 2017 was~~Decreases were primarily ~~related to additional interconnection expense of $0.5 million and $51.7 million~~ due to ~~the acquisitions of Broadview and EarthLink, partially offset by reductions in long-distance usage by our wholesale customers and rate reductions and costs improvements~~lower interconnection expense from the continuation of network efficiency ~~projects.~~projects, reduced labor costs due to workforce reductions, lower sales and marketing costs, and an overall decrease in the number of customers served. The decrease in 2018 was partially offset by incremental operating costs attributable to acquisitions of $163.4 million.

WHOLESALE SEGMENT

Strategy

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~~Table of Contents~~

~~CLEC Consumer Segment -~~ Results of Operations

Our CLEC Consumer segment primarily consists of EarthLink’s consumer Internet business residing outside of our ILEC footprint. These operations also include the remaining portion of our heritage consumer CLEC business not transferred to Uniti as part of the REIT spin-off and revenues generated from our master services agreement with Uniti.

The following table reflects the ~~CLEC Consumer~~Wholesale segment results of operations as of December 31:

2017 to 2016 2016 to 2015
(Millions) 2017
2016
2015

Increase
(Decrease)

%
Increase
(Decrease)

%
High-speed Internet $ 88.8
$ 0.9
$ 0.8
$ 87.9
* $ 0.1
13
Dial-up, email and miscellaneous 84.2
14.1
12.1
70.1
* 2.0
17
End user surcharges 2.4
—
—
2.4
* —
*
Total service revenues (a) 175.4
15.0
12.9
160.4
* 2.1
16
Product sales 0.5
—
—
0.5
* —
*
Total revenues and sales 175.9
15.0
12.9
160.9
* 2.1
16
Cost and expenses (b)
86.9
13.1
12.3
73.8
* 0.8
*
Segment income $ 89.0
$ 1.9
$ 0.6
$ 87.1
* $ 1.3
217



							2019 to 2018					2018 to 2017
(Millions)	2019		2018		2017		Increase (Decrease)			%		Increase (Decrease)			%
Revenues:
Core services (a)	$	322.3	$	349.9	$	355.7	$	(27.6	)	(8	)	$	(5.8	)	(2	)
Switched access (b)	27.3		34.9		43.3		(7.6		)	(22	)	(8.4		)	(19	)
Total service revenues	349.6		384.8		399.0		(35.2		)	(9	)	(14.2		)	(4	)
Fiber sales (c)	12.6		—		—		12.6			*		—			*
Total revenues and sales	362.2		384.8		399.0		(22.6		)	(6	)	(14.2		)	(4	)
Costs and expenses (d)	101.4		111.1		111.3		(9.7		)	(9	)	(0.2		)	—
Segment income	$	260.8	$	273.7	$	287.7	$	(12.9	)	(5	)	$	(14.0	)	(5	)

(a)

Core services primarily include revenues from providing special access circuits, fiber connections, data transport and wireless backhaul services. The decreases were primarily attributable to lower non-recurring revenue, lower usage for voice-only services and higher disconnect activity as a result of carriers migrating to fiber-based networks, partially offset by increase in ~~2017~~long-distance usage. In 2018, the decrease was partially offset by incremental revenues of $17.5 million due to the ~~incremental revenues attributable to the acquisition EarthLink.~~acquisitions.


(b)	~~The increase in 2017 was due to the incremental expenses~~Decreases were primarily attributable to the ~~acquisition EarthLink.~~effects of intercarrier compensation reform.


(c)	Increase in fiber sales includes profit from sales-type leases where control of the fiber has transferred to the customer during the period.


(d)	Decreases were primarily related to lower interconnection expense, reductions in long-distance usage by our wholesale customers and rate reductions and costs improvements from the continuation of network efficiency projects.

~~The following table reflects the CLEC Consumer segment operating metrics as of December 31:~~

2017 to 2016 2016 to 2015
(Thousands) 2017
2016
2015

Increase
(Decrease)

%
Increase
(Decrease)

%
CLEC Consumer Customers 662.1
0.7
1.1
661.4
* (0.4 ) (36 )

~~The increase in 2017 in our CLEC customer base was due to the incremental customers added as a result of the EarthLink acquisition.~~

Regulatory Matters

We are subject to regulatory oversight by the ~~FCC~~Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) for ~~particular~~certain interstate matters and state public utility commissions (“PUCs”) for certain intrastate matters. We are also subject to various federal and state statutes that ~~direct~~mandate such ~~regulations.~~oversight. We actively monitor and participate in proceedings at the FCC and PUCs and engage with federal and state legislatures on matters of importance to us.

~~From time to time~~On occasion, federal and state legislation is introduced ~~dealing with various matters~~ that could affect our business. Most proposed legislation of this type never becomes law. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict what kind of legislation, if any, may be introduced and ultimately become law.

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Federal Regulation and Legislation

~~Inter-carrier Compensation and~~ USF Reform

In November 2011, the FCC released an order (“the Order”) that established a framework for reform of the inter-carrier compensation system and the federal USF. The Order included two primary provisions:

the elimination of terminating switched access rates and other per-minute terminating charges between service providers by 2018, through annual reductions in the rates, mitigated in some cases by two recovery mechanisms; and

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~~the provision of USF support for voice and broadband services.~~

In reforming the USF, the Order established the CAF, which included a short-term (“CAF Phase I”) and a longer-term (“CAF Phase II”) framework. CAF Phase I provided for continued legacy USF funding frozen at 2011 levels as well as the opportunity for incremental broadband funding to a number of unserved and underserved locations. In accordance with FCC rules, Windstream certified its fulfillment of its obligations for both rounds of CAF Phase I incremental support.

~~In August~~ 2015, Windstream accepted ~~CAF~~Connect America Fund (“CAF”) Phase II support offers for 17 of its 18 states where it is an incumbent provider, totaling approximately $175.0 million in annual funding, ~~compared to our previous annual funding of approximately $100.0 million. Support was retroactive to the beginning of 2015~~ and ~~will continue for six additional years.~~such support continues through 2021. Windstream is obligated to offer broadband service at 10/1 Mbps ~~or better~~(or better) to approximately 400,000 eligible locations in high-cost areas in those 17 states. Windstream declined the statewide offer in just one state, New Mexico, where Windstream’s projected cost to comply with FCC deployment requirements greatly exceeded the funding offer. ~~We will still be eligible~~Windstream is on track to ~~participate in a competitive bidding process for CAF Phase II support in New Mexico, along with other interested eligible competitors;~~meet all of its deployment obligations due at the ~~FCC has indicated its intent to hold this competitive bidding process in 3Q 2018. We will continue to receive annual USF funding in New Mexico frozen at 2011 levels until the implementation~~end of ~~CAF Phase II competitive bidding is complete.~~2020.

A summary of CAF Phase II and frozen USF support we have received or expect to receive is as follows:


(Millions)	2015		2016		2017		2018		2019 - 2021		Total		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
CAF Phase II support	$	174.9	$	174.9	$	175.7	$	174.9	$	524.7	$	1,225.1	$	175.7	$	174.9	$	174.9	$	174.9	$	174.9
Transitional Frozen USF support	18.0		14.3		7.7		2.8		—		42.8		7.7		2.9		—		—		—
New Mexico Frozen USF support	4.6		4.6		4.6		—		—		13.8		4.6		4.6		0.6		0.6		0.6
Total	$	197.5	$	193.8	$	188.0	$	177.7	$	524.7	$	1,281.7	$	188.0	$	182.4	$	175.5	$	175.5	$	175.5

The ~~above-referenced~~Rural Digital Opportunity Fund

On April 12, 2019, FCC Chairman Pai announced his intent to create the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (“RDOF”), which will invest $20.4 billion over a ten-year period in rural high-speed broadband networks over the next decade. Through a reverse auction, the funds will be allocated to service providers to deliver up to gigabit-speed broadband in unserved and underserved rural areas.

On January 30, 2020, the FCC approved the RDOF program, which is the FCC’s most significant effort to close the digital divide to date and will connect millions of rural homes and small businesses to high-speed broadband networks. This fund will be the successor to the current CAF Phase II ~~payouts assume~~ that weWindstream participates in. Windstream advocated for the development of an economically sound funding and auction structure that delivers continuing and much-needed support for further broadband expansion in rural areas. The FCC will ~~deploy~~conduct a two-phase reverse auction to ~~100 percent of~~award the ~~required locations in each state. On December 31, 2015, we elected the flexibility to deploy to at least 95 percent but less than 100 percent in five of the states in which we accepted CAF~~$20.4 billion funding. Phase I will award $16 billion and Phase II ~~support. We~~ will ~~be able to decide how much, if any, of~~award $4.4 billion. The Phase I auction will begin on October 22, 2020 and no date for the ~~flexibility we use. If we avail ourselves of all of the flexibility, however, we would have to return a total of approximately $50 million by 2021. We expect the incremental CAF~~ Phase II ~~receipts~~auction has been determined. Phase I will target those areas that current data confirm are wholly unserved at 25 Mbps down and 3 Mbps up speeds, and Phase II will target unserved locations within areas that data demonstrates are only partially served, as well as any areas not won in Phase I. Windstream plans to ~~be sufficient to cover~~actively pursue the ~~program’s capital obligations and to provide significant~~ opportunities ~~for Windstream to enhance broadband services in our more rural markets.~~offered through the RDOF program.

~~As part of the Order’s reform of inter-carrier compensation,~~Intercarrier Compensation

In 2011, the FCC ~~established two recovery mechanisms that mitigate the revenue reductions resulting from the reduction~~reformed intercarrier compensation by establishing a multi-year transition to bill and ~~ultimate elimination of~~keep for terminating access rates. First, the FCC established the ARC, a fee which may be assessed to some of our retail customers. Second, the ARM is a form of additional federal universal service support designed to allow carriers to recover some of the revenue reductions that cannot be recovered through assessment of the ARC. Carriers are required to use ARM support to buildcharges and operate broadband networks in areas substantially unserved by an unsubsidized competitor offering fixed voice and broadband service. Our ARM support decreased incrementally from $36.4 million in 2015 to $14.2 million in 2017, with a portion of the decrease offset by increases in ARC revenues. The FCC is phasing out the ARM annually in one-third increments, beginning in July 2017, and it will be eliminated completely as of July 2019.

~~In the Order, the FCC also~~they capped intrastate and interstate originating access rates but otherwise deferred further reforms to the originating access regime.

In June 2017, the FCC invited interested parties to refresh the record on issues raised by the Order with respect to access charges for 8YY (toll free) calls, which are under the umbrella of originating access. On June 7, 2018, the FCC adopted a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on reforms to “curb abuses” in the 8YY toll-free access regime. Currently 8YY service providers pay access charges to the carrier whose customer makes an 8YY call and ~~also~~ compensate that originating carrier for an 8YY database query necessary to route the call correctly. The FCC ~~is considering transitioning some or all~~proposes to move interstate and intrastate originating 8YY end office, tandem switching and transport access charges to bill-and-keep over a three-year period. The FCC also proposes to address concerns about excessive and irrationally priced rates for database query charges by capping those charges nationwide at the lowest rate currently charged by any price cap local exchange carrier and allowing only one database query charge per 8YY call. The FCC will also consider whether incumbent local exchange carriers should be able to ~~a bill-and-keep framework, perhaps~~recover their lost access charge revenues from their end users and whether it should provide any additional revenue recovery. Windstream has been working with ~~an access recovery mechanism~~other industry participants on proposals to ~~mitigate some of~~address the ~~revenue reductions.~~FCC’s policy directive. We cannot now reasonably predict the timing or level of reductions, if any, the FCC may ~~choose to take.~~choose.

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Set forth below is a summary of ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation revenue and federal USF and CAF Phase II support included in regulatory revenues within the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31:


(Millions)	2017		2016		2015		2019		2018		2017
Inter-carrier compensation revenue and ARM support	$	92.8	$	127.3	$	169.9
Intercarrier compensation revenue and ARM support							$	54.4	$	71.0	$	97.0
Federal universal service and CAF Phase II support	$	188.0	$	193.8	$	197.5	$	177.9	$	182.4	$	188.0

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IntraMTA Switched Access Litigation

Several of our ~~companies~~subsidiaries are defendants in approximately 25 lawsuits filed by Verizon and Sprint long-distance companies (IXCs) alleging that our ~~companies~~subsidiaries may not bill them switched access charges for calls between wireline and wireless devices that originate and terminate within the same Major Trading Area. The complaints seek historical relief in the form of refunds and prospective relief concerning future billings. ~~There are over 50 other such lawsuits against hundreds of defendants. All of the Verizon and Sprint~~These suits were consolidated in a single federal district court in Texas, ~~which dismissed Verizon and Sprint’s federal law claims on November 17, 2015. In March~~including a suit filed in 2016 the plaintiffs were denied permission to appeal the dismissal, which permission was required given certain procedural issues. Verizon and Sprint’s state law claims, and the defendants’ counterclaims for return of all withholdings (including those involving Windstream), are continuing in federal district court, along with a number of lawsuits filed against Level 3 (another long-distance company) and now part of the consolidated case (but not involving Windstream). On September 19, 2016,by fifty-five Windstream subsidiaries ~~jointly filed a lawsuit against Sprint~~ in Kansas federal district court to collect late payment assessments on amounts Sprint previously withheld, and to ensure consistent application of any adjudication among the subsidiaries. ~~That~~The district court dismissed Verizon and Sprint’s federal law claims in November 2015 and in March 2016, the plaintiffs were denied permission to appeal the dismissal. Verizon and Sprint’s state law claims and the defendants’ counterclaims for return of all withholdings (including those involving Windstream) continued in federal district court along with several lawsuits filed against Level 3 (another long-distance company) and became part of the consolidated case ~~was transferred~~(but not involving Windstream). The parties filed summary judgment motions in March 2018, which were granted by the court on May 15, 2018. The interexchange carriers filed an appeal to the ~~consolidated court by an October 10, 2016 order. On September 19, 2017,~~5th Circuit Court of Appeals on June 29, 2018. All briefing and oral arguments have been completed and the parties ~~filed~~are now waiting for the Court to issue a Joint Status Report in which they agreed on certain stipulated facts and for alleged damages calculations; however, this Status Report will require further negotiations and revisions. The next procedural step will be to file summary judgment motions.decision. The subject matter of ~~all of~~ the above suits ~~in the consolidated case~~ remains a topic of a pending petition for declaratory ruling before the FCC. The outcome of the disputes is currently not predictable ~~given~~due to the ~~uncertainty concerning the ultimate venue of the disputes~~appeal and ~~the amount of traffic being disputed.~~FCC action.

Last-Mile Access

Windstream has actively engaged in policy advocacy in various FCC proceedings that address the rates, terms and conditions for access to the “last-mile” facilities (i.e., special access and unbundled network elements (“UNEs”)) we need to serve retail business ~~data service (i.e., special access)~~ customers through our competitive companies. ~~In 2017, we incurred~~We incur approximately ~~$1.7~~$1.3 billion in annual interconnection expense and most of that was attributable to last-mile access. For the vast majority of our customers, last-mile facilities, the wires (“loops”) to a customer location from a central office, are not economic for Windstream to duplicate through its own investment and are not available from providers other than the incumbent carrier. Therefore, we often ~~lease those~~utilize connections ~~from~~owned by incumbent carriers as one of two distinct product types: either unbundled network elements (“UNEs”), which by law are not available in all areas but are subject to strict regulatory standards, or business data service (“BDS”) inputs, widely available from incumbents but subject to more flexible regulatory standards. Windstream’s purchase of business data service inputs may be subject to volume and term commitments and associated fees and penalties.

In April 2017, the FCC adopted comprehensive reforms to its BDS ~~policies. We use~~ rules (“BDS Order”). After an appeal by the parties, including Windstream, on August 28, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit upheld the FCC’s rules but, based on a lack of adequate notice, it vacated and remanded the FCC’s finding that transport was sufficiently competitive to ~~among other things, connect our national~~deregulate. On October 2, 2018, in response to the 8th Circuit’s remand, the FCC issued a Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the topic of transport deregulation and ~~city-based fiber network with customers for whom we do not have our own facilities serving their locations. These leased~~requested that the 8th Circuit issue a stay of its decision vacating the transport in deference to the FCC issuing new rules regarding same. At its July 10, 2019 Open Meeting, the FCC approved a Report and Order revisiting the remanded issues and granting forbearance from ex ante regulation of BDS transport services, ~~have been~~ subject to ~~price caps and other FCC regulation for decades to control for ILEC market power and historical advantages. Despite evidence to the contrary provided by Windstream and other carriers, the FCC found~~a transition period that the markets for packet-based services, and for TDM based last-mile inputs in the vast majority of areas, are competitive and prices need not be regulated. Windstream, along with several other companies, has filed an appeal in federal court of the rules, which went into effectwill end on August 1, ~~2017.~~2020.

Additionally, on May 4, 2018, the United States Telecommunications Association (“USTA”) filed a Petition for Forbearance Pursuant to 47 U.S.C. Sec. 160(c) to Accelerate Investment in Broadband and Next-Generation Networks with the FCC. Among other requests, USTA, on behalf of some of its members, sought relief from the requirement to provide unbundled network elements (“UNEs”) and resale discounts to other telecommunications providers. At its July 10, 2019 Open Meeting, the FCC, as part of the same Order granting BDS transport forbearance, granted forbearance from DS1 and DS3 UNE transport obligations, subject to a three-year transition ending August 2, 2022.

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Table of Contents

On November 22, 2019, the FCC approved a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to update certain unbundling rules. Specifically the FCC proposes to remove unbundling requirements for: (1) DS1 and DS3 loops in counties and study areas deemed competitive in the BDS Order with an exemption for DS1 loops used to provide residential broadband service and telecommunications service in rural areas; (2) DS0 loops in urban census blocks; (3) narrowband voice-grade loops; and (4) dark fiber transport in wire centers within a half-mile of alternative fiber. The proposal includes a three-year transition for existing customers and a six-month transition for new orders. Windstream has actively participated in industry negotiations to address our concerns with this proposal. We cannot now reasonably predict the timing or substance of any final action on this item.

Windstream ~~has been~~is pursuing a strategy to accelerate the transition of its customers from TDM to ~~packet based~~packet-based services, which is consistent with the underlying goal of the FCC’s reform of business data services and current market trends. However, we believe the ~~FCC’s~~BDS order ~~presents~~(and the original USTA forbearance proposal) present unnecessary risk of disruption to the market by not allowing an adequate transition ~~period for its rules. We believe customers~~period. Customers such as small businesses, schools and libraries are at greatest risk to this disruption, which could occur in the form of price increases for TDM services, the forced transition to purchase new packet-based communications equipment and systems, and the forced obsolescence and write-off of legacy TDM communication systems. Our strategy ~~has been~~is to position ~~the company~~Windstream for this transition through investments to extend the reach of our metro fiber networks directly to more buildings using fiber and fixed wireless facilities and to ~~enhance our scale as purchaser of business data services to give greater~~negotiate with providers other than the ILECs for last mile access, ~~to and purchasing power with access providers,~~ and to develop next generation, value-added solutions such as ~~SDWAN~~SD-WAN and UCaaS. ~~At this time, we are unable to predict the impact of these~~The BDS reforms ~~on Windstream, but the reform~~and UNE proceedings could negatively impact Windstream ~~as a result of higher expense~~due to increased expenses to purchase ~~deregulated~~ business data services and UNEs, the need for greater capital investments to retain our competitiveness, and increased customer and revenue ~~churn.~~churn due to increasing prices.

~~F-22~~

~~Table of Contents~~

Rural Healthcare Funding

Windstream and one of its Enterprise customers ~~had~~entered into an agreement ~~pursuant to~~in which Windstream provided communication services to several of the customer’s locations. The majority of funding for the services iswas administered by ~~the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”)~~USAC pursuant to the Universal Service Rural Health Care Telecommunications Program ~~that~~which offers reduced rates for broadband and telecommunications services to rural health care facilities. In March 2017, USAC issued a funding denial to the customer on the basis that certain rules of the FCC were violated with the selection of Windstream as the service provider. Due to an alleged conflict of interest created by a third-party Windstream channel partner that acted as a consultant for the customer regarding the agreement, USAC asserted that Windstream’s selection was not based upon a fair and open competitive bidding process. USAC’s denial addressed accrued funding of approximately $16.6 million, as well as funding of approximately $6.0 million previously remitted to us. Windstream, along with the customer, ~~has~~appealed the denial; USAC rejected the appeal on June 29, 2018, upholding its previous denial of funding. Windstream appealed the denial to the FCC in August 2018. The FCC has yet to rule on the appeal and ~~while~~timing of a decision by the ~~ultimate resolution~~FCC is unknown. As previously discussed, we recorded a reserve for the funding denial from USAC during the second quarter of 2019, and as a result, we have no additional loss exposure related to this matter.

Windstream did not ~~currently predictable, if there~~file a Suggestion of Bankruptcy as a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases with regard to this matter as it was determined it falls under a regulatory exception and is precluded from the automatic stay. USAC filed a ~~future adverse legal ruling against~~proof of claim in the Chapter 11 Cases for approximately $6.0 million, reflecting the amount of funding previously remitted to Windstream ~~the ruling could constitute a material adverse outcome on our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.~~as referenced above.

State Regulation and Legislation

State Universal Service

We recognize revenue from the receipt of state universal service funding in a limited number of states in which we operate: Texas, Georgia, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Alabama, Nebraska, and Arkansas. In ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, we recognized ~~$90.7~~$81.9 million and ~~$98.9~~$85.6 million, respectively ~~in state USF revenue, the bulk~~(the majority of which ~~was approximately $47.8 million and $51.9 million~~came from the Texas ~~USF.~~USF). These payments are intended to provide support, apart from the federal USF receipts, for the high cost of operating in certain rural markets.

There are two high-cost programs of the Texas USF, one for large companies and another for small companies. In ~~2017,~~2019, we received ~~$42.5~~$38.3 million from the large company program and ~~$5.3~~$4.3 million from the small company program. The ~~purpose of the~~ Texas USF is currently running a $23 million per quarter deficit. Absent reform, at this rate it is expected to ~~assist telecommunications carriers with providing basic local telecommunications services at reasonable rates~~exhaust its cash reserve by the end of 2020. The Commission is currently examining remedies to ~~customers in high cost rural areas and to qualifying low-income and disabled customers.~~

By order of the Texas Public Utility Commission (“PUC”), the Texas USF distributes support to eligible carriers serving areas identified as high cost, on a per-line basis. Texas USF support payments are based on the number of actual lines in service and therefore are subject to reductions when customers discontinue service or migrate to a competitive carrier. All service providers of telecommunications services in Texas contributerestore stability to the ~~Texas USF through the payment of a monthly surcharge collected from their customers.~~

Legislation adopted in Texas in 2013 requires reduction in USF support absent a demonstration of need for continued support through a two-step process which considers the level of competition and our expenses in the current supported exchanges. We have four operating companies in Texas - one company that is part of the large company fund, and ~~three companies that are part of the small company fund. In May 2016 the Texas PUC granted our petition to retain $42.2 million~~Windstream is actively involved in USF support from the large company fund for 153 exchanges served by Windstream Southwest. Following, in June 2017, the Texas PUC granted our petitions to retain an additional $10.7 million in support from the small company fund for 34 exchanges served by Texas Windstream and Windstream Communications Kerrville.those discussions.

We did not seek to preserve $1.7 million in support for Windstream Sugar Land, LLC, because our analysis demonstrated that we would not pass the needs test. Thus, Windstream Sugar Land, LLC, will experience a mandatory 25 percent reduction in support starting January 2018, with additional 25 percent reductions to occur in 2019 and 2020 with support leveling off at 25 percent in 2021.

In Nebraska, the ~~Public Service Commission (“PSC”) confirmed that our 2017~~ high-cost Nebraska Universal Service Fund (“NUSF”) support available for ~~2017~~2020 will ~~be $5.5~~increase such that our funding will increase from $4.6 million received in 2019 to $6.2 million in 2020. This funding increase is directly related to the Commission’s change from a revenue-based assessment model to a connections-based assessment model. The Nebraska Public Service Commission recently opened a docket proposing a reverse auction of which 20 percent is allocated to ongoing maintenance and support and 80 percent is allocated to approved capital construction projects. In 2016, our support was approximately $5.0 million allocated 50 percent to ongoing maintenance and support and 50 percent to capital construction projects.future NUSF funding. Most commenters have argued

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that the proposed rules regarding that reverse auction are impermissibly vague. To date, no further action has been directed by the Commission.

In ~~the first quarter of~~ 2017, New Mexico enacted a statute to reform the New Mexico State Rural Universal Service Fund (“SRUSF”). Among other things, the legislation authorizes an annual broadband fund in addition to the access replacement fund from which we will continue to receive support. Beginning in 2018, the amount of support ~~will be~~is determined by adjusting the 2014 support amount by a carrier’s change in access line count and imputing the affordability benchmark, which is currently based on the FCC’s residential rate benchmark. We will be required to use at least 60 percent of this support to deploy and maintain broadband service

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in rural areas of the state. ~~A rulemaking proceeding to implement this legislation is underway.~~ Our support for ~~2017 and 2018 is forecasted at $6.4~~2019 was $5.0 million and ~~$4.3~~is expected to be $4.9 million ~~respectively.~~in 2020.

~~Annually,~~Historically, we ~~receive~~have received $3.4 million from the Oklahoma ~~high cost fund. In September 2016,~~High Cost Fund (“OHCF”) on an annual basis. On February 8, 2018, the Oklahoma Corporation Commission ~~(“OCC”) revived a 2012 proceeding aimed at discontinuing high cost fund support. Windstream and~~issued an order phasing out the ~~other parties to the proceeding have engaged~~OHCF. As of February 28, 2019, funding was cut 25 percent per year, with all funding terminating on February 28, 2022. However, in ~~discussions to shift~~December 2018, we received notice that our application for replacement funds from the ~~high cost fund~~Oklahoma Universal Service Fund (“OUSF”) was approved. Accordingly, we will continue to receive $3.4 million annually from a combination of OHCF and OUSF support through February 28, 2022, and thereafter solely from the ~~Oklahoma USF. The outcome of the discussions is currently unknown and the high cost fund may be discontinued at any time.~~OUSF.

Universal service reform is also possible in Pennsylvania. Windstream currently receives $13.3 million from that fund and cannot estimate the financial impact that would result from changes, if any.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity After Filing the Chapter 11 Cases

The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default that accelerated the obligations under our debt agreements. Due to the Chapter 11 Cases, however, our creditors’ ability to exercise remedies under our debt agreements were stayed as of the date of the Chapter 11 petition filing. In general, as debtors-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code, we are authorized to continue to operate as an ongoing business, but may not engage in transactions outside the ordinary course of business without the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to first day motions filed with the Bankruptcy Court, the Bankruptcy Court authorized us to conduct our business activities in the ordinary course. During the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases, our principal sources of liquidity are expected to be limited to cash flow from operations, cash on hand and ~~Capital Resources~~borrowings under our debtor-in-possession facilities discussed below. Our ability to maintain adequate liquidity through the reorganization process and beyond depends on successful operation of our business, and appropriate management of operating expenses and capital spending. Our anticipated liquidity needs are highly sensitive to changes in each of these and other factors.

“Debtor-in-Possession” Financing

On the Petition Date, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services entered into a commitment letter (as amended, the “DIP Commitment Letter”) dated as of February 25, 2019 with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (together with Barclays Bank, PLC, Credit Suisse Loan Funding, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs Bank USA and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the “Arrangers”), pursuant to which the Arrangers or their affiliates committed to provide senior secured superpriority debtor-in-possession credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion, subject to conditions described therein. In connection with the Chapter 11 Cases and in accordance with the DIP Commitment Letter, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services entered into a Superpriority Secured Debtor-in-Possession Credit Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2019 (the “DIP Credit Agreement”), by and among Windstream Services, as the borrower (the “Borrower”), Windstream Holdings, the other guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto (together with such other financial institutions from time to time party thereto, the “DIP Lenders”) and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Agent”). The DIP Credit Agreement provides for $1.0 billion in superpriority secured debtor-in-possession credit facilities comprising of (i) a superpriority revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of $500.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”) and (ii) a superpriority term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility” and, together with the Revolving Facility, the “DIP Facilities”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein.

On February 26, 2019, the date that the Debtors filed a motion for the approval of the DIP Facilities with the Bankruptcy Court, which was granted (the “Effective Date”), a portion of the Term Loan Commitments in an amount equal to $300.0 million and a portion of the Revolving Facility in an amount equal to $100.0 million became available to Windstream Services. On April 16, 2019, in connection with our Second Day Hearing, Windstream Services received access to an additional $600.0 million of financing for a total of $1.0 billion available to us under the DIP Facilities. As of December 31, 2019, $500.0 million was outstanding under the Term Loan Facility and no borrowings were outstanding under the Revolving Facility. Considering letters of credit of $28.5 million and $55.1 million reserved for potential professional fees, the amount available for borrowing under the Revolving Facility

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was $416.4 million as of December 31, 2019. As discussed in Note 20, in March 2020, Windstream Services borrowed $400 million under the Revolver Facility to assist with working capital and other general corporate purposes during the coronavirus, COVID-19, global pandemic.

The proceeds of loans extended under the DIP Facilities will be used for purposes permitted by orders of the Bankruptcy Court, including (i) for working capital and other general corporate purposes (ii) to pay transaction costs, professional fees and other obligations and expenses incurred in connection with the DIP Facilities, the Chapter 11 Cases and the transactions contemplated thereunder, and (iii) to pay adequate protection expenses, if any, to the extent set forth in any order entered by the Bankruptcy Court.

The maturity date of the DIP Facilities is February 26, 2021. Loans under the Term Facility and the Revolving Facility will bear interest, at the option of Windstream Services, at (1) 1.50 percent plus a base rate of the highest of (i) Citibank, N.A.’s base rate, (ii) the Federal funds effective rate plus 1/2 of 1 percent and (iii) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.00 percent per annum; or (2) 2.50 percent plus LIBOR. From and after the Effective Date, a non-refundable unused commitment fee will accrue at the rate of 0.50 percent per annum on the daily average unused portion of the Revolving Facility (whether or not then available).

The DIP Credit Agreement includes usual and customary negative covenants for debtor-in-possession loan agreements of this type, including covenants limiting Windstream Holdings’ and its subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, create liens on assets, make investments, loans or advances, engage in mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and acquisitions, pay dividends and distributions and make payments in respect of junior or pre-petition indebtedness, in each case subject to customary exceptions for debtor-in-possession loan agreements of this type.

The DIP Credit Agreement also includes certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default, including, but not limited to, payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, certain events under ERISA, unstayed judgments in favor of a third party involving an aggregate liability in excess of $25 million, change of control, specified governmental actions having a material adverse effect or condemnation or damage to a material portion of the collateral. Certain bankruptcy-related events are also events of default, including, but not limited to, the dismissal by the Bankruptcy Court of any of the Chapter 11 Cases, the conversion of any of the Chapter 11 Cases to a case under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, the appointment of a trustee pursuant to Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, the final order approving the DIP Facilities failing to have been entered within 60 days after the Petition Date and certain other events related to the impairment of the DIP Lenders’ rights or liens granted under the DIP Credit Agreement.

The foregoing description of the DIP Credit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the DIP Credit Agreement.

Historical Cash Flows

We rely largely on operating cash flows ~~and long-term debt~~ to provide for our liquidity requirements. As noted above, we also have access to and available borrowing capacity under our DIP Facilities. We have assessed ~~the current and expected business climate,~~ our current and expected ~~needs for funds~~funding requirements and our current and expected sources of ~~funds,~~liquidity, and have determined, based on our forecasted financial results and financial condition as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, that cash on hand and cash expected to be generated from operating activities will be sufficient to fund our ongoing working capital requirements, planned capital expenditures, scheduled debt ~~principal~~service requirements, and ~~interest payments, and lease~~ payments due under the ~~master lease agreement~~contractual arrangement with Uniti. ~~We also have access to capital markets and available borrowing capacity under our revolving credit agreement.~~ As previously discussed, we incurred ~~a non-cash~~ goodwill impairment ~~charge~~charges totaling $2,712.3 million in the first and second quarters of ~~$1,840.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017~~2019 based on the results of ~~our required annual~~interim goodwill impairment ~~testing.~~assessments. While ~~this~~these non-cash ~~charge~~charges reduced our reported operating results, ~~in 2017,~~ the ~~charge~~charges had no effect on our immediate or near-term liquidity position. Any future impairment charges could materially adversely affect our financial results in the periods in which they are recorded.

From time to time, we may seek transactions to optimize our capital structure, including entering into transactions to repurchase or redeem our outstanding indebtedness (including by means of open market purchases, privately negotiated repurchases, tender offers and/or redemptions pursuant to the debt's terms), or seek to refinance our outstanding debt or may otherwise seek transactions to reduce interest expense. Our ability to consummate any such transaction will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. Any of these transactions could impact our financial results. We cannot assure you if or when we will consummate any such transactions or the terms of any such transaction.

We have evaluated and we continue to evaluate possible acquisition and disposition transactions on an on-going basis. At any time we may be engaged in discussions or negotiations with respect to possible acquisitions and/or dispositions. We cannot assure you if or when we will consummate any such transaction or the terms of any such transaction. Any future transactions may result in the issuance of equity securities or use of our cash as consideration or incurrence of debt or contingent liabilities.

The actual amount and timing of our future capital requirements may differ materially from our estimates depending on the demand for our services and new market developments and opportunities, and on other factors, including those described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this annual report. If our plans or assumptions change or prove to be inaccurate, the foregoing sources of funds may prove to be insufficient. In addition, if we seek to acquire other businesses or to accelerate the expansion of our business, we may be required to seek material amounts of additional capital. Additional sources may include equity and debt financing. Further, if we believe we can obtain additional debt financing on advantageous terms, we may seek such financing at any time, to the extent that market conditions and other factors permit us to do so. The debt financing we may seek could be in the form of additional term loans under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility or additional debt securities having substantially the same terms as, or different terms from, Windstream Services’ outstanding senior notes.

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the years ended December 31:


(Millions)	2017			2016			2015			2019			2018			2017
Cash flows provided from (used in):
Operating activities	$	950.7		$	924.4		$	1,026.6		$	533.8		$	1,013.1		$	974.6
Investing activities	(983.2		)	(990.0		)	(522.0		)	(903.4		)	(554.2		)	(983.2		)
Financing activities	16.8			93.4			(501.1		)	208.2			(141.3		)	(7.1		)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(15.7	)	$	27.8		$	3.5
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash										$	(161.4	)	$	317.6		$	(15.7	)

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Our cash, ~~position~~cash equivalents and restricted cash decreased by ~~$15.7~~$161.4 million to ~~$43.4~~$199.6 million at December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, from ~~$59.1~~$361.0 million at December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, as compared to an increase of ~~$27.8~~$317.6 million during ~~2016.~~2018. Cash inflows during ~~2017~~2019 were primarily

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from operating activities and incremental debt proceeds. These inflows were partially offset by cash outflows for capital expenditures, repayments of debt, ~~acquisition of Broadview, repurchases of our common stock,~~and payments under our finance and capital lease obligations. Cash, cash equivalents and ~~long-term lease obligations,~~restricted cash at December 31, 2018, includes a short-term investment in an overnight money market fund of $310.0 million comprised of substantially all of the cash proceeds received from the sale of the consumer CLEC operations. On January 3, 2019, the short-term investment was liquidated, and ~~dividend payments~~the proceeds were used to ~~our shareholders.~~reduce borrowings outstanding under Windstream Services’ revolving line of credit.

Cash Flows – Operating Activities

Cash provided from operations is our primary source of funds. Cash flows from operating activities ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$26.3~~$479.3 million in ~~2017~~2019 and ~~decreased $102.2~~increased $38.5 million in ~~2016~~2018, as compared to the ~~prior year~~corresponding prior-year period. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~2017~~2019 primarily reflected the absence of operating cash flows attributable to the sold Consumer CLEC business and incremental cash outlays of $146.1 million for reorganization items, net. Operating cash flows for 2019 also reflect a decrease of $212.0 million attributable to no longer classifying a portion of the cash payments made to Uniti as a financing outflow as was the case for periods prior to the adoption of the new leasing standard. As previously discussed, we changed the accounting for our arrangement with Uniti from a financing to an operating lease upon adoption of the new leasing standard. These decreases were partially offset by favorable changes in working capital, ~~driven by improvement in the collection of trade receivables and timing difference in the payment of~~primarily attributable to not paying pre-petition trade accounts payable ~~partially offset by~~subsequent to the ~~adverse effects on~~filing of the Chapter 11 Cases.

The increase in 2018 primarily reflected the incremental cash flows generated from our ~~operating results~~2018 and 2017 acquisitions, reductions from ~~increased~~the prior year in merger, integration and other costs of ~~$123.6~~$105.5 million, ~~primarily related~~mainly attributable to the mergers with EarthLink and Broadview ~~additional restructuring charges~~and timing differences in the payment of ~~$22.7 million primarily~~trade accounts payable. These increases were partially offset by cash outlays related to our 2018 workforce reductions, decreases in Kinetic, enterprise and ~~reductions in consumer and enterprise~~wholesale revenues, ~~wholesale services,~~ and switched access revenues due to customer losses from competition, declining demand for copper-based circuits to towers and the adverse effects of ~~inter-carrier~~intercarrier compensation reform, respectively. ~~Additionally,~~Higher cash ~~flows from operating activities for 2017 include cash contributions~~interest payments of $30.8 million attributable to our ~~qualified pension plan totaling $29.0 million to satisfy our~~2018 and 2017 ~~and remaining 2016 funding requirements. The decrease in 2016 was primarily attributable to the net loss incurred,~~debt refinancing activities, as our operating results were negatively impacted by reductions in our revenues due to the effects of competition and inter-carrier compensation reform and additional interest expense of $149.2 million related to the master lease agreement with Uniti, and changes in working capital mostly driven bywell as unfavorable timing differences in the collection of trade receivables ~~and the payment of trade accounts payable.~~also adversely impacted cash from operations in 2018.

We utilized ~~NOLs~~net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and other income tax initiatives to lower our cash income tax obligations for all years presented. As previously discussed, we expect the effects of the overall impact of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will be generally favorable to us over the long-term by allowing us to extend the time frame we have to use our NOLs generated after December 31, 2017, and remain a minimal cash ~~tax payer~~taxpayer for the foreseeable future.

Cash Flows – Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities primarily includes investments in our network to upgrade and expand our service offerings as well as spending on strategic initiatives. Cash used in investing activities ~~decreased $6.8~~increased $349.2 million in ~~2017~~2019 compared to ~~2016~~2018 primarily due to an increase in our capital spending and the absence of proceeds from the sale of the Consumer CLEC business of $320.9 million in 2019. Cash used in investing activities decreased $429.0 million in 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to a ~~reduction~~decrease in our capital spending ~~partially offset by~~and proceeds from the ~~net cash paid for the acquisition of Broadview and a payment of $9.4 million to settle an indemnification claim related to the December 2015~~ sale of ~~substantially all of our data center~~the Consumer CLEC business. Cash used in investing ~~activities increased $468.0~~in 2018 also reflected cash paid for the acquisitions of MASS and ATC of $46.9 million, ~~in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to the absence~~net of ~~$574.2 million received from the sale of the data center business and a reduction in our capital spending.~~cash acquired.

Capital expenditures were $878.5 million, $820.2 million and $908.6 million ~~$989.8 million~~for 2019, 2018 and ~~$1,055.3 million for~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively. The majority of our capital spend during the past three years has been primarily directed toward ~~fiber expansion and~~ consumer broadband upgrades of our network. Capital expenditures for 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~ included $49.9 million ~~$173.8 million and $47.2 million, respectively,~~ related to Project Excel, a capital program ~~begun in late 2015 and~~that completed in the second quarter of 2017, which upgraded our broadband network and was funded by a portion of the proceeds received from the sale of the data center business. Capital expenditures for 2018 and 2017 also included $37.6 million and $34.5 million, respectively, of incremental spend related to our acquired Broadview and EarthLink operations.

~~Excluding incremental capital spend related to our expenditures, we expect total 2018 capital expenditures to range between $750.0 million and $800.0 million.~~

Cash Flows – Financing Activities

Cash provided from financing activities ~~were~~was a net ~~inflows~~inflow of ~~$16.8 million and $93.4~~$208.2 million in ~~2017 and 2016,~~2019, compared to a net ~~outflow~~outflows of ~~$501.1~~$141.3 million ~~for 2015.~~in 2018 and $7.1 million in 2017.

Proceeds from new issuances of long-term debt were ~~$2,614.6~~$655.0 million in ~~2017,~~2019, which consisted of $500.0 million of new borrowings under our DIP Facilities and ~~incremental~~additional borrowings ~~totaling $1,022.6 million~~ under ~~Tranches B6 and B7 of~~ Windstream Services’ ~~senior secured credit facility, which were issued at a discount, additional borrowings of $1,196.0 million under the~~ revolving line of credit ~~and $396.0 million from~~prior to the ~~issuance~~filing of the ~~2025 Notes, which were issued at a discount.~~Chapter 11 Cases. Comparatively, proceeds from new issuances of long-term debt were ~~$3,674.5~~$816.0 million in ~~2016,~~2018, which consisted of new and incremental borrowings totaling $900.0 million under Tranche B6 of Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility, a portion of which were issued at a discount, and the incurrence of new borrowings of

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~~$2,791.0 million under the revolving line of credit. Proceeds from new issuances of long-term debt were $2,335.0 million in 2015 and~~ consisted solely of ~~new~~additional borrowings under ~~the~~Windstream Services’ revolving line of credit.

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Debt repayments during ~~2017~~2019 totaled ~~$2,277.9~~$372.4 million and primarily consisted of ~~cash outlays~~repayments of $726.7 million to repay amounts outstanding under Tranches B5 and B6 of Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility, $435.3 million to repay amounts outstanding under EarthLink’s credit facility and to redeem EarthLink's outstanding 8.875 percent Senior Notes due 2019 and 7.375 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2020 and $160.0 million to repay Broadview’s debt obligations. During 2017, Windstream Services also repaid $896.0$370.0 million of borrowings under its revolving line of credit ~~and repurchased $43.8~~prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases. On January 3, 2019, Windstream Services repaid $312.0 million of ~~its 2020 Notes.~~these borrowings using proceeds received from the sale of the Consumer CLEC business. Comparatively, debt repayments during ~~2016~~2018 totaled ~~$3,263.7~~$747.2 million and included ~~cash outlays totaling $1.288.8~~a one-time mandatory redemption payment of $150.0 million ~~in connection with~~applicable to the ~~repurchase~~2024 Notes. The redemption payment was made on February 26, 2018 and ~~redemption~~was funded using available borrowing capacity under the revolving line of ~~the 2017 Notes and open market repurchases of other senior unsecured notes. During2016 ,~~credit. During 2018, Windstream Services also repaid ~~$1,944.0~~$574.0 million of borrowings under its revolving line of credit. Debt repayments during 2015 totaled $3,350.9 million and consisted primarily of $1,907.8 million in repayments of borrowings under the revolving line of credit, the redemption of $400.0 million 2018 Notes and $450.0 million PAETEC 2018 Notes, open market repurchases of $299.5 million of aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, and the pay-off of the remaining principal balance of $241.8 million of Tranche B4 under the senior secured credit facility.

~~During 2017, dividends~~Dividends paid to shareholders were $64.4 million ~~which was an increase of $5.8 million, as compared to 2016, reflecting the increase~~ in ~~the number of our common shares outstanding subsequent to the EarthLink merger, partially offset by the elimination of our quarterly common stock dividend.~~2017. Our board of directors elected to eliminate our quarterly common stock dividend commencing in the third quarter of ~~2017 after reviewing our capital allocation strategy and determining our common stock was undervalued.~~2017. Concurrently, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $90.0 ~~million, effective through March 31, 2019.~~million. During 2017, we repurchased 9.1 million of our common shares at a total cost of $19.0 ~~million. Effective February 6, 2018,~~million under this program, which our Board elected to end ~~the share repurchase program previously authorized.~~in February 2018.

~~As further discussed in Note 6,~~Equity Distribution Agreement

On June 1, 2018, Windstream ~~Services~~Holdings entered into an equity distribution agreement with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. During 2018, we issued ~~$834.3~~and sold approximately 1.9 million ~~in aggregate principal amount~~ of 8.750 percent senior notes due December 15, 2024 (“2024 Notes”). The 2024 notes require a one-time mandatory redemption payment of $150.0 million payable on February 26, 2018, which was funded using available borrowing capacityour common shares under the ~~revolving line~~equity distribution agreement and received proceeds of ~~credit.~~

~~Our capital allocation practices can be changed at any time at~~approximately $12.2 million, net of commissions. Windstream utilized the ~~discretion of our board of directors,~~proceeds to fund the cash purchase price to acquire ATC and ~~are subject~~to fund contributions to the ~~restricted payment capacity under~~ Windstream ~~Services’ debt covenants as further discussed below. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information concerning our dividend practice.~~Pension Plan.

Pension and Employee Savings Plan Contributions

~~On March 2, 2017,~~In 2019, we filed an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) to offer and sell various securities from time to time. Under the Registration Statement, we established an at-the-market common stock offering program (the “ATM Program”) to sell sharesmade cash contributions of our common stock. During 2017, we issued and sold 1.3 million shares of common stock under the ATM Program and received proceeds of approximately $9.6 million, net of commissions. At December 31, 2017, subject to the terms and conditions of the ATM Program, we could have sold an additional $15.2 million aggregate offering price of shares of common stock under the ATM Program. The ATM Program expired, pursuant to its terms, on February 1, 2018, and on February 20, 2018, Windstream filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement removing from registration all registered but unissued shares under the Registration Statement. During 2017, we made our required quarterly employer contributions of $23.7 million in cash to the qualified pension plan ~~using proceeds from the ATM Program~~to satisfy our remaining 2018 and ~~available cash on hand. On September 15, 2017, we~~2019 funding requirements. We also made cash contributions of $0.8 million in 2019 to fund the benefit payments of our unfunded supplemental executive retirement pension plans. Comparatively, in 2018, we made cash contributions of $11.9 million and contributed 0.8 million shares of our common stock with a ~~cash contribution~~value of ~~$5.3~~$5.8 million to the qualified pension plan to satisfy our remaining ~~2016~~2017 and 2018 funding ~~requirement. In addition, we~~requirements. We also made cash contributions ~~totaling $1.1~~of $0.8 million in ~~2017~~2018 to fund the expected benefit payments of our unfunded supplemental executive retirement pension plans.

In 2016, we made an employer contribution of $1.3 million in cash to the qualified pension plan to meet our 2016 funding requirements and to avoid certain benefit restrictions. We also made cash contributions in 2016 totaling $0.9 million to fund the expected benefit payments of our unfunded supplemental executive retirement pension plans. We did not make a contribution to our qualified pension plan in 2015.

For ~~2018,~~2020, the expected employer contributions for pension benefits consists of ~~$19.2~~$52.8 million to the qualified pension plan to satisfy our remaining ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2018~~2020 funding requirements and $0.9 million necessary to fund the expected benefit payments of our unfunded supplemental executive retirement pension plans to avoid certain benefit restrictions. On January ~~12, 2018,~~15, 2020, we made our required quarterly employer contribution of ~~$5.2~~$3.4 million in cash to the qualified pension plan. We intend to fund the remaining ~~2018~~2020 contributions using ~~our common stock, cash, or a combination thereof.~~cash. The amount and timing of future contributions to the qualified pension plan are dependent upon a myriad of factors including future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and changes in the demographics of the population participating in the plan.

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We also sponsor an employee savings plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which covers substantially all salaried employees and certain bargaining unit employees. We match on an annual basis up to a maximum of 4.0 percent of employee pre-tax contributions to the plan for employees contributing up to 5.0 percent of their eligible pre-tax compensation. In March ~~2017,~~2020 and 2019, we contributed ~~3.1~~$25.7 million and $26.4 million in cash to the plan for the 2019 and 2018 annual matching contributions, respectively. Comparatively in March 2018, we contributed 3.6 million shares of our common stock with a value of ~~$22.7 million and $0.6 million in cash to the plan for the 2016 annual matching contribution. During 2016, we contributed 3.2 million shares of our common stock with a value of $24.0~~$28.3 million to the plan for the ~~2015~~2017 annual matching contribution. ~~We expect to make the 2017 annual matching contribution of $27.0 million to the plan in March 2018. We intend to fund this contribution primarily using our common stock.~~

Shareholder Rights Plan

On May 12, 2016, our shareholders ratified a shareholder rights plan, previously adopted by Windstream Holdings’ board of ~~directors.~~directors on September 17, 2015. The plan is designed to protect our ~~net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”)~~NOLs from the effect of limitations imposed by federal and state tax rules following a change in the ownership of our stock. This plan was designed to deter an “ownership change” (as defined in IRC Section 382) from occurring, and therefore protect our ability to utilize our federal and state net operating loss carry forwards in the future. A person or group of affiliated or associated persons may cause the rights under the plan to become exercisable if such person or group is or becomes the beneficial owner of 4.90 percent or more of the “outstanding shares” of Windstream Holdings common stock other than as a result of repurchases of stock by Windstream Holdings, dividends or distributions by Windstream Holdings or certain inadvertent actions by Windstream Holdings’ stockholders. For purposes of calculating percentage ownership under the plan, “outstanding shares” of common stock include all of the shares of common stock actually issued and outstanding. Beneficial ownership is determined as provided in the rights plan and generally includes, without limitation, any ownership of securities a person would be deemed to actually or constructively own for purposes of Section 382 of the IRC or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.

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The plan is not meant to be an anti-takeover measure and our board of directors has established a procedure to consider requests to exempt the acquisition of Windstream Holdings common stock from the rights plan, if such acquisition would not limit or impair the availability of our NOLs. Such determination will be made in the sole and absolute discretion of the Windstream Holdings’ board of directors, upon request by any person prior to the date upon which such person would otherwise become the beneficial owner of 4.90 percent or more of the outstanding shares of Windstream Holdings common stock. In addition, if the Windstream Holdings’ board of directors determines in good faith that a person has inadvertently become the beneficial owner of 4.90 percent or more of the outstanding shares of Windstream Holdings common stock, and such person divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient number of shares of common stock so that such person beneficially owns less than 4.90 percent, then such person will not cause the rights underOn August 7, 2018, we amended the plan to ~~become exercisable. The Rights Plan was amended by the Amendment No. 1~~extend its term to Rights Agreement, dated November 5, 2016, to confirm that any EarthLink shareholder that became a 4.90 percent or greater shareholder of the combined company as a result of the merger is exempt and the ownership does not trigger implementation of the Rights Plan unless the shareholder acquires additional shares of common stock. This summary description of the rights plan does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, dated as of September 17, ~~2015, by and between Windstream Holdings and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent, filed as an exhibit to~~2021. In light of Windstream’s restructuring process, the ~~Windstream Holdings’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for~~plan will no longer be in effect after it emerges from the ~~year ended December 31, 2015.~~Chapter 11 Cases.

Debt ~~and Dividend Capacity~~

Windstream Holdings has no debt obligations. All of our debt ~~including the facility described below,~~ has been incurred by our subsidiaries (primarily Windstream Services). Windstream Holdings is neither a guarantor of nor subject to the restrictive covenants imposed by such debt.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~$5,843.9~~$6,099.3 million in ~~long-term~~ debt ~~outstanding, including current maturities~~outstanding. Except for the DIP Facilities, all of our debt has been classified as liabilities subject to compromise in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet (see Note 6). As of December 31, 2017, the amount available for borrowing under Windstream Services’ revolving line of credit was $451.8 million. As of December 31, 2017, Windstream Services had approximately $359.4 million of restricted payment capacity as governed by its senior secured credit facility. Under terms of the credit facility, payments required under the master lease are deducted from operating (loss) income before depreciation and amortization (“OIBDA”). Windstream Services builds additional capacity through cash generated from operations while dividend distributions to Windstream Holdings, and other certain restricted investments reduce the available restricted payments capacity. Windstream Services will continue to consider free cash flow accretive initiatives.

As discussed in Note 6, in connection with the issuance of the 2024 Notes, Windstream Services agreed to certain provisions that prohibits its ability to issue restricted payments to its parent company, Windstream Holdings, if Windstream Services’ consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in the 2024 Notes, exceeds 3.50 to 1.0, except for purposes of allowing restricted payments to Windstream Holdings for the purposes of making rent payments under the master lease with Uniti and to pay certain administrative expenses. The provisions indirectly impacts, and could limit, Windstream Holdings’ future issuance of dividends to holders of its common stock and its engagement in stock repurchase programs.

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Debt Covenants and Amendments

The terms of the credit facility and indentures issued by Windstream Services include customary covenants that, among other things, require Windstream Services to maintain certain financial ratios and restrict its ability to incur additional indebtedness. These financial ratios include a maximum leverage ratio of 4.5 to 1.0 and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 2.75 to 1.0. In addition, the covenants include restrictions on dividend and certain other types of ~~payments, including restricted~~ payments.

Certain of Windstream Services’ debt agreements contain various covenants and restrictions specific to the subsidiary that is the legal counterparty to the agreement. Under its ~~long-term~~ debt agreements, acceleration of principal payments would occur upon payment default, violation of debt covenants not cured within 30 days, a change in control including a person or group obtaining 50 percent or more of Windstream Services’ outstanding voting stock, or breach of certain other conditions set forth in the borrowing agreements. At December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, Windstream Services was in ~~compliance with all~~default of certain of its debt covenants and ~~restrictions.~~restrictions due to the adverse court ruling and filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, as further discussed below.

As further discussed in Note 6,16, on September 22, 2017, Windstream Services received a purported notice of default dated September 21, 2017 (the “Original Notice”) from a noteholder that claims to hold greater than 25 percent in aggregate principal amount of the 6.375 percent 2023 Notes issued under the indenture dated January 23, 2013 (the ~~“ 2013~~“2013 Indenture”), between Windstream Services, as issuer, Windstream Finance Corp., as co-issuer, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Original Notice primarily alleged that the transfer of certain assets and the subsequent lease of those assets in connection with the spin-off of Uniti ~~Group, Inc. in April 2015 constituted a “sale and leaseback transaction” (as defined in the 2013 Indenture) which~~ did not comply with the Sale and Leaseback covenant under the 2013 Indenture. ~~The Original Notice further alleged that Windstream Services violated~~As previously noted, on February 16, 2019, Judge Jessie Furman ruled in favor of the ~~restricted payment covenant under the 2013 Indenture by not delivering an officers’ certificate as required by the 2013 Indenture and that it made a restricted payment in reliance~~noteholder on ~~the restricted payment builder basket during the pendency of an alleged default which is prohibited by the 2013 Indenture.~~this point.

In November 2017, Windstream Services completed a private placement offering of approximately $600.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.625 percent notes due October 31, 2025 (“2025 Notes”). Windstream Services used the net proceeds of the offering to repay approximately $250.0 million of borrowings under its revolving line of credit and to repay approximately $140.0 million of amounts outstanding under its Tranche B6 term loan. Windstream Services also completed exchange offers with respect to certain of its senior secured notes, improving the maturity profile of its long-term debt obligations due in 2020, 2021 and 2022. In completing these exchange offers, Windstream Services issued $561.9 million aggregate principal amount of new August 2023 Notes, issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes. Pursuant to exchanges offers for its 2021 and 2022 Notes, in December 2017, Windstream Services issued $834.3 million in aggregate principal amount of ~~8.750 percent senior notes due December 15,~~ 2024 ~~(“2024 Notes”)~~Notes in exchange for ~~exchange of~~ $539.2 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes and $232.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes.

Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2017, Windstream Services completed consent solicitations with respect to its 2020 Notes, 2021 Notes, 2022 Notes, April 2023 Notes and the existing 6.375 percent 2023 Notes (collectively “the Windstream Services Notes”), pursuant to which noteholders agreed to waive alleged defaults with respect to the transactions related to the spin-off of ~~Uniti and amend~~Uniti.

During the ~~indentures governing the Windstream Services Notes to give effect to such waivers and amendments.~~second quarter of 2018, Windstream Services received ~~such~~the requisite consents to amend the indenture governing the 2025 Notes. The purpose of the consent solicitation was (i) to permit Windstream Services to issue or incur indebtedness on a junior lien basis (which indebtedness is currently permitted by the indenture to be incurred on a first-priority lien basis) and (ii) to authorize the collateral agent under the indenture to enter into a junior lien intercreditor agreement upon the issuance or incurrence of junior lien secured indebtedness by the issuers and the guarantors under the indenture. In conjunction with receiving the requisite consents, the amendments to the indenture became effective and operative. All holders of the 2025 Notes are bound by the terms thereof, even if they did not deliver consents to the amendments.

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Concurrent with the consent solicitation, Windstream Services also sought and obtained an amendment to its senior secured credit facility to, among other things, (i) permit the issuance or incurrence of second-priority lien secured indebtedness, (ii) allow Windstream Services to use the proceeds from the ~~holders representing~~issuance or incurrence of such second-priority lien secured indebtedness and other secured indebtedness to repay certain of its outstanding secured and unsecured indebtedness, (iii) permit the execution of a ~~majority~~first-lien/second-lien intercreditor agreement, (iv) allow for the incurrence of first-priority lien secured indebtedness if the proceeds of such indebtedness are used to prepay or repay revolving loans or term loans under the senior secured credit facility (and, for revolving loans, permanently reduce the commitments), even if Windstream Services does not meet the typical test of having a pro forma first lien leverage ratio of not more than 2.25 to 1.0, and (v) limit the ability of Windstream Services to declare and pay dividends.

On August 2, 2018, Windstream Services completed exchange transactions resulting in the issuance of $414.9 million aggregate principal of New 2024 Notes and the issuance of $802.0 million aggregate principal amount of New 2025 Notes in exchange for a portion of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of its 2020 Notes, 2021, Notes, 2022 Notes, August 2023 Notes and 2024 Notes. Both the New 2024 Notes and New 2025 Notes are senior secured obligations and: (i) rank senior to Windstream ~~Services Notes. Windstream Services, the Trustee,~~Services’ and the ~~other parties to such indentures executed supplemental indentures giving effect~~guarantors’ existing and future unsecured indebtedness, including its existing senior unsecured notes, to the ~~waivers and amendments pursuant to the consent solicitations. The waivers and amendments are effective, operative, and binding on all holders~~extent of the ~~Windstream Services Notes. Consent delivered pursuant to the consent solicitations may not be revoked.~~

~~On November 27, 2017, Windstream Services received a second purported notice of default (the “Second Notice”) from the noteholder which alleged that certain~~value of the ~~exchange~~collateral securing the New 2024 Notes and ~~consent processes referenced above violated the terms~~New 2025 Notes; (ii) rank equally with all of ~~the 2013 Indenture. The Second Notice was withdrawn on December 6, 2017,~~Windstream Services’ and the ~~noteholder issued a Notice of Acceleration, dated December 7, 2017. The Notice of Acceleration claimed~~guarantors’ existing and future indebtedness that is secured by second-priority liens on the ~~principal amount,~~collateral, as defined below; (iii) rank junior to any existing and ~~all accrued interest, owed under the note associated with the 2013 Indenture was now due and payable as result~~future indebtedness of Windstream Services ~~allegedly not curing the alleged defaults set forth in the Original Notice within the sixty-day cure period set forth in the Indenture. Windstream Services disputes that any amounts are due and owing.~~

The allegations set forth in the Original Notice, the now withdrawn Second Notice, and the Notice of Acceleration are all the subject of litigation pending in federal district court in the Southern District of New York, involving the Trustee, Windstream Services, and the noteholder. Specifically, in addition to the alleged defaults set forth in the Original Notice, the noteholder further claims in counterclaim pleadings, among other alleged violations, that certainor of the ~~exchange and consent processes outlined above are invalid, specifically (i)~~guarantors secured by first-priority liens on the ~~issuance of new 6.375 percent 2023 Notes violated the Indenture because Windstream Services did not have sufficient capacity~~collateral, including indebtedness under ~~the Indenture to incur the indebtedness associated with the notes, (ii) the consideration~~

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offered to holders of the Windstream Services’ other senior notes to exchange into such notes and participate in the consent solicitation related to the 6.375 percent 2023 Notes violated the Indenture because equivalent consideration was not offered to the holders of the existing 6.375 percent 2023 Notes, and (iii) liens incurred to secure the 2025 Notes, that are secured notes, violated

the Indenture because Windstream Services did not equally and ratably secure the 6.375 percent 2023 Notes, and those liens did not fit within any categories of permitted liens, as defined by the Indenture. Windstream Services has filed pleadings denying all allegations and asserting that the claims made by the Trustee related to the Original Notice are without merit and, in fact, are mooted in light of the above consent and exchange processes and ripe for dismissal, that the claims asserted by the noteholder in its counterclaims and in the Notice of Acceleration are without merit, and that Windstream Services has been, and remains, in compliance with all of the covenants under the Indenture.

Windstream Services’ senior secured credit ~~facility includes maintenance covenants derived from certain financial measures~~facilities and its existing first lien notes, and by liens on assets that are not ~~calculated~~part of the collateral, to the extent of the value of such assets; (iv) rank equally in ~~accordance~~right of payment with ~~accounting principles generally accepted~~all of Windstream Services’ and the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated debt, including the Issuers’ existing senior notes and indebtedness under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facilities; (v) rank senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of Windstream Services or of the guarantors; and (vi) are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of any non-guarantor subsidiary, including trade payables (other than indebtedness and liabilities owed to Windstream Services or to the guarantors).

The New 2024 Notes and New 2025 Notes are guaranteed by each of Windstream Services’ domestic subsidiaries that guarantees debt under the Windstream Services’ senior credit facilities or that guarantee certain other debt in the ~~United States (“non-GAAP financial measures”). These non-GAAP financial measures~~future. The New 2024 Notes and New 2025 Notes and the guarantees thereof are ~~presented below for the sole purpose of demonstrating our compliance with~~secured by second-priority liens, subject to permitted liens, on Windstream Services’ and on the guarantors’ assets that secure the obligations under Windstream Services’ senior credit facilities and its existing first lien notes, except for certain stock of foreign subsidiaries and certain excluded assets.

The Indentures of the New 2024 Notes and New 2025 Notes contain covenants limiting Windstream Services and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to: (i) borrow money or sell preferred stock; (ii) incur liens; (iii) pay dividends on or redeem or repurchase stock; (iv) make certain types of investments; (v) sell stock in restricted subsidiaries; (vi) restrict dividends or other payments from subsidiaries; (vii) enter into transactions with affiliates; (viii) issue guarantees of debt; and (ix) sell assets or merge with other companies. These covenants contain important exceptions, limitations and qualifications. At any time that the New 2024 Notes and/or New 2025 Notes are rated investment grade, certain covenants will be terminated.

The Findings and filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constitute events of default under certain of Windstream Services’ and its subsidiaries’ debt ~~covenants~~instruments (the “Debt Instruments”). Any efforts to enforce payment obligations under the Debt Instruments and ~~were calculated~~other obligations of the Debtors are automatically stayed as ~~follows at December 31, 2017:~~a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases and holders’ rights of enforcement in respect of the Debt Instruments are subject to the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code.

(Millions, except ratios)
Gross leverage ratio:
Long term debt including current maturities $ 5,843.9
Capital leases, including current maturities 106.8
Total long term debt and capital leases $ 5,950.7
Operating loss, last twelve months $ (1,591.5 )
Depreciation and amortization, last twelve months 1,470.0
Goodwill impairment 1,840.8
Other expense adjustments required by the credit facility (a) (236.0 )
Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) $ 1,483.3
Leverage ratio (b) 4.01
Maximum gross leverage ratio allowed 4.50
Interest coverage ratio:
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,483.3
Interest expense, last twelve months $ 875.4
Adjustments required by the credit facility (c) (489.7 )
Adjusted interest expense $ 385.7
Interest coverage ratio (d) 3.85
Minimum interest coverage ratio allowed 2.75

~~(a)~~

Adjustments required by the credit facility primarily consist of the inclusion of the annual cash rental payment due under the master lease agreement with Uniti, operating results of acquired companies for applicable periods prior to the date of acquisition and net cost savings from integrating acquired companies not to exceed $25.0 million on a quarterly basis. The required adjustments also consist of the exclusion of pension and share-based compensation expense, merger, integration and other costs, restructuring charges, incremental hurricane-related storm costs, amounts incurred with a carrier access settlement, and a penalty for not meeting certain spend commitments under a circuit discount plan.


~~(b)~~	~~The gross leverage ratio is computed by dividing total debt by adjusted EBITDA.~~


~~(c)~~	Adjustments required by the credit facility primarily consist of the inclusion of capitalized interest and amortization of the discount on long-term debt, net of premiums, and the exclusion of the interest expense attributable to the long-term lease obligation under the master lease agreement with Uniti.


~~(d)~~	~~The interest coverage ratio is computed by dividing adjusted EBITDA by adjusted interest expense.~~

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~~Credit Ratings~~

As of February 28, 2018, Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings had granted the following senior secured, senior unsecured and corporate credit ratings:



~~Description~~	~~Moody’s~~	~~S&P~~	~~Fitch~~
~~Senior secured credit rating (a)~~	B3	~~BB-~~	BB
~~Senior unsecured credit rating (a)~~	~~Caa1~~	B-	B
~~Corporate credit rating (b)~~	B3	B	B
~~Outlook (b)~~	~~Negative~~	~~Negative~~	~~Negative~~


~~(a)~~	~~Ratings assigned to Windstream Services.~~


~~(b)~~	~~Corporate credit rating and outlook assigned to Windstream Services for Moody’s and Fitch, while S&P assigns corporate credit rating and outlook to Windstream Holdings, Inc.~~

~~Factors that could~~ ~~affect~~ our short and long-term credit ratings would include, but are not limited to, a material decline in our operating results, increased debt levels relative to operating cash flows resulting from future acquisitions, increased capital expenditure requirements, or changes to our dividend policy. If our credit ratings were to be downgraded, we might incur higher interest costs on future borrowings, and our access to the public capital markets could be adversely ~~affect~~ed. A downgrade in our current short or long-term credit ratings would not accelerate scheduled principal payments of our existing long-term debt. Our exposure to interest risk is further discussed in the Market Risk section below.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Set forth below is a summary of our material contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019.

Obligations by Period
(Millions)
Less than
1 Year

1 - 3
Years

3 - 5
Years

More than
5 years
Total
Long-term debt, including current maturities (a) $ 169.3
$ 1,306.5
$ 1,294.2
$ 3,197.5
$ 5,967.5
Interest payments on long-term debt obligations (b) 366.5
728.1
492.3
425.2
2,012.1
Long-term lease obligations (c) 188.8
450.8
566.6
3,543.9
4,750.1
Interest payments on long-term lease obligations (c) 473.2
883.5
781.9
1,513.8
3,652.4
Capital leases (d) 58.8
52.0
3.2
1.1
115.1
Operating leases (e) 166.8
223.7
112.4
145.2
648.1
Purchase obligations (f) 381.8
207.8
22.2
13.1
624.9
Other long-term liabilities and commitments (g)
(h)(i)
33.8
44.2
22.8
387.9
488.7
Total contractual obligations and commitments $ 1,839.0
$ 3,896.6
$ 3,295.6
$ 9,227.7
$ 18,258.9



	Obligations by Period
(Millions)	Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		More than 5 years		Total
Long-term debt included in liabilities subject to compromise	$	5,599.3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,599.3
Interest payments on long-term debt obligations (a)	244.5		236.7		174.9		75.4		731.5
DIP Facilities	—		500.0		—		—		500.0
Interest payments on DIP Facilities	21.5		3.3		—		—		24.8
Long-term lease obligations (b)	0.5		1.8		2.5		16.2		21.0
Interest payments on leaseback of real estate contributed to pension plan	6.2		12.2		11.0		32.6		62.0
Finance leases (c)	25.2		16.1		9.2		10.7		61.2
Operating leases (d)	789.6		1,502.5		1,442.9		3,795.7		7,530.7
Purchase obligations (e)	463.0		267.8		44.7		1.2		776.7
Other long-term liabilities and commitments (f)(g)	—		12.4		0.9		4.9		18.2
Total contractual obligations and commitments	$	7,149.8	$	2,552.8	$	1,686.1	$	3,936.7	$	15,325.4

(a)

~~Excludes $61.6 million~~During the duration of ~~unamortized premiums (net~~Chapter 11 Cases, interest obligations will only be paid on our debtor-in-possession term loan facility, senior secured credit facility, senior first lien notes and Windstream Holdings of ~~discounts) and $62.0 million~~the Midwest, Inc. bonds. For purposes of ~~unamortized debt issuance costs~~the interest payments included in ~~long-term debt at December 31, 2017.~~the table above, rates were based on the alternative base rate as further discussed in Note 6.


(b)	Variable rates on Tranche B5 and B6 of the senior secured credit facility are calculated in relation to one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) rate which was 1.49 percent at December 31, 2017.


~~(c)~~	Represents undiscounted future minimum lease payments related to ~~the master lease agreement with Uniti and~~ the leaseback of real estate contributed to the Windstream Pension Plan, which exclude the residual value of the obligations at the end of the initial lease terms.


~~(d)~~(c)	~~Capital~~Finance leases include non-cancellable leases, consisting principally of leases for facilities and equipment.


~~(e)~~(d)	Operating leases include non-cancellable operating leases, consisting principally of our arrangement with Uniti as well as leases for network facilities, real estate, office space and office equipment.

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~~(f)~~(e)	Purchase obligations include open purchase orders not yet receipted and amounts payable under non-cancellable contracts. The portion attributable to non-cancellable contracts primarily represents agreements for network capacity and software licensing.


~~(g)~~(f)	Other long-term liabilities and commitments primarily consist of ~~pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, interest rate swaps, asset retirement obligations and~~ long-term deferred revenue.

~~(h)~~(g)

Excludes $2.5 million of reserves for uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, that were included in other liabilities at December 31, 2017 for which we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate as to when cash settlements with taxing authorities will occur. Also excludes $60.5$3.7 million in long-term ~~capital~~finance lease obligations, which are included in ~~capital~~finance leases above.

~~(i)~~

Includes $7.8 million and $22.0 million in current portion of interest rate swaps and pension and postretirement benefit obligations, respectively that were included in other current liabilities at December 31, 2017. The current portion of pension and postretirement benefit obligations includes $20.1 million for expected pension contributions in 2018 of which $5.2 million were made in January 2018. Due to uncertainties inherent in the pension funding calculation, the amount and timing of any remaining contributions are unknown and therefore have been reflected as due in more than 5 years.

See ~~“Debt Covenants~~Notes 3, 6 and ~~Amendments” for information regarding our debt covenants. See Notes 2, 6,~~ 7 ~~9, 13 and 14~~ for additional information regarding certain of the obligations and commitments listed above.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not use securitization of trade receivables, affiliation with special purpose entities, variable interest entities or synthetic leases to finance our operations. Additionally, we have not entered into any arrangement requiring us to guarantee payment of third-party debt or to fund losses of an unconsolidated special purpose entity.

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SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION

In connection with the issuance of the 7.750 percent senior notes due October 15, 2020, the 7.750 percent senior notes due October 1, 2021, the 7.500 percent senior notes due June 1, 2022, the 7.500 percent senior notes due April 1, 2023, and the 6.375 percent senior notes due August 1, 2023 (“the guaranteed notes”), certain of Windstream Services’ wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”), provide guarantees of those debentures. These guarantees are full and unconditional, subject to certain customary release provisions, as well as joint and several. All personal property assets and related operations of the Guarantors are pledged as collateral on the senior secured credit facility of Windstream Services. Certain Guarantors may be subject to restrictions on their ability to distribute earnings to Windstream Services. The remaining subsidiaries of Windstream Services (the “Non-Guarantors”) are not guarantors of the guaranteed notes. Windstream Holdings is not a guarantor of any Windstream Services debt instruments.

The following tables present summarized financial information for Windstream Services and the Guarantors, on a combined basis, after elimination of intercompany transactions and balances between Windstream Services, the Guarantors and the Non-Guarantors.

Summarized and combined balance sheet information was as follows:



(Millions)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Current assets	$	426.1	$	634.5
Noncurrent assets	$	3,119.2	$	4,521.5
Current liabilities (a)	$	718.2	$	7,566.1
Noncurrent liabilities (b)	$	7,523.6	$	184.7


(a)	For 2018, includes $5,728.1 million of debt obligations and $1,334.5 million of long-term lease obligations reclassified as current liabilities due to the event of default and filing of the Chapter 11 Cases further discussed in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.


(b)	Includes $7,100.5 million of liabilities classified as subject to compromise at December 31, 2019.

Summarized and combined results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



(Millions)
Revenues and sales	$	986.6
Operating loss	$	(2,187.3	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(2,727.0	)
Net loss	$	(2,546.8	)

MARKET RISK

Market risk is comprised of three elements: interest rate risk, equity risk and foreign currency risk. ~~Following the disposition of our investment in Uniti common stock, we no longer have exposure to changes in marketable equity security prices.~~ We continue to have exposure to market risk from changes in interest ~~rates.~~rates, as further discussed below. Because we do not own any marketable equity securities nor operate in foreign countries denominated in foreign currencies, we are not exposed to equity or foreign currency risk. We have estimated our market risk using sensitivity analysis. The results of the sensitivity analysis are further discussed below. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

Interest Rate Risk

WeWe are exposed to market risk through changes in interest rates, primarily as it relates to the variable interest rates we are charged under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility. ~~Under our current policy,~~Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, Windstream Services ~~enters~~entered into interest rate swap agreements to obtain a targeted mixture of variable and fixed interest rate debt such that the portion of debt subject to variable rates ~~does~~did not exceed 25 percent of our total debt outstanding. ~~In connection with the spin-off,~~ Windstream Services ~~terminated seven of its ten interest rate swaps.~~

~~We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of interest rate swap activity. We do~~did not enter into interest rate swap agreements, or other derivative financial instruments, for trading or speculative purposes. ~~Management periodically reviews our exposure~~

Prior to ~~interest rate fluctuations and implements strategies to manage~~ the ~~exposure.~~

Asfiling of ~~December 31, 2017,~~the Chapter 11 Cases, Windstream Services ~~has~~had entered into ~~four~~six pay fixed, receive variable interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges of the benchmark LIBOR interest rate risk created by the variable cash flows paid on Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility. The interest rate swaps were scheduled to mature on October 17, 2021. The

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hedging relationships ~~are~~were expected to be highly effective in mitigating cash flow risks resulting from changes in interest rates. ~~For additional information regarding our~~Following the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, the bank counterparties exercised their rights to terminate the interest rate ~~swap agreements, see~~swaps. See Note 78 to the consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the unhedged portion of Windstream Services’ variable rate senior secured credit facility was ~~$1,166.8~~3,050.9 million and ~~$1,067.1~~$1,390.9 million, ~~or approximately 19.8 percent and 21.7 percent of Windstream Services’ total outstanding long-term debt excluding unamortized debt issuance costs,~~ respectively. For variable rate debt instruments, market risk is defined as the potential change in earnings resulting from a hypothetical adverse change in interest rates. A hypothetical increase of 100.0

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basis points in variable interest rates would have ~~reduced~~increased annual ~~pre-tax~~interest expense earnings by approximately ~~$11.7~~$30.5 million and ~~$10.7~~$13.9 million for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively. Actual results may differ from this estimate.

Reconciliation of ~~non-GAAP financial measures~~Non-GAAP Financial Measures

From time to time, we will reference certain non-GAAP measures in our filings including a non-GAAP measure entitled operating income before depreciation and amortization (“OIBDA”). OIBDA can be calculated directly from ~~the Company’s~~our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP by taking operating (loss) income ~~(loss)~~ and adding back goodwill impairment and depreciation and amortization expense. Management considers OIBDA to be useful to investors as we believe it provides for comparability and evaluation of our ongoing operating performance and trends by excluding the impact of non-cash depreciation and amortization from capital investments and non-cash goodwill impairment charges which are not indicative of our ongoing operating performance. Management’s purpose for including these measures is to provide investors with measures of performance that management uses in evaluating the performance of the business. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of financial performance reported under GAAP.

Following is a reconciliation of a non-GAAP financial ~~measures~~measure titled OIBDA to the most closely related financial measure reported under GAAP referenced in this filing:


(Millions)	2017				2016		%		2019				2018		%
Operating income	$	(1,593.5	)		$	515.4
Operating (loss) income									$	(2,877.5	)		$	296.6
Depreciation and amortization	1,470.0				1,263.5				1,068.2				1,526.7
Goodwill impairment	1,840.8			—	—				2,712.3			—	—
OIBDA	$	1,717.3			$	1,778.9	(3	)	$	903.0			$	1,823.3	(50	)

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in detail in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. Certain of these accounting policies, as discussed below, require management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that could materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions made when accounting for the items described below are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. However, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

~~Allowance for Doubtful Accounts~~

~~In evaluating~~The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that Windstream will continue as a going concern and contemplate the ~~collectability~~realization of ~~our trade receivables, we assess a number~~assets and the satisfaction of ~~factors, including a specific customer’s~~liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to ~~meet its financial obligations~~continue as a going concern is contingent upon our ability to ~~us,~~successfully implement our plan of reorganization, among other factors. As a result of the adverse court ruling and subsequent filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities are subject to uncertainty. While operating as ~~well as general factors, such as the length~~debtors-in-possession under Chapter 11, we may sell or otherwise dispose of ~~time the receivables are past due and historical collection experience. Based on these assumptions, we record an allowance for doubtful accounts to reduce the related receivables~~or liquidate assets or settle liabilities, subject to the amount that we ultimately expect to collect from customers. If circumstances related to specific customers change or economic conditions worsen such that our past collection experience is no longer relevant, our estimateapproval of the ~~recoverability~~Bankruptcy Court or as otherwise permitted in the ordinary course of ~~our trade receivables~~business, for amounts other than those reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Further, the plan of reorganization could ~~be further reduced from~~materially change the ~~levels provided for~~amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities reported in the consolidated financial statements. ~~A 10 percent change in~~Our financial condition, the defaults under our debt agreements and contractual arrangement with Uniti, and the risks and uncertainties surrounding the Chapter 11 Cases, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts ~~estimated~~and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to ~~be uncollectible would result in~~continue as a ~~change in~~going concern or as a consequence of the ~~provision for doubtful accounts~~Chapter 11 Cases.

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Table of ~~approximately $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.~~Contents

Useful Lives of Assets

The calculation of depreciation and amortization expense is based on the estimated economic useful lives of the underlying property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets. Our regulated operations use a group composite depreciation method. During 2016, with the assistance of a third-party valuation advisor, we completed analyses of the depreciable lives of assets held for use of certain subsidiaries during 2016. Based on the results of the analyses, we implemented new depreciation rates in the fourth quarter of 2016, the effects of which resulted in an increase to depreciation expense. Additionally, in the fourth quarter of 2016, we reassessed the estimated useful lives of certain fiber assets, extending the useful life of such assets from 20 to 25 years. The net impact of these changes resulted in increases to depreciation expense of $35.3 million and $8.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which increased our reported net loss $22.2 million or $.13 per share in 2017 and $5.4 million or $.06 per share in 2016.

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Rapid changes in technology or changes in market conditions could result in significant changes to the estimated useful lives of our tangible or finite-lived intangible assets that could materially affect the carrying value of these assets and our future consolidated operating results. An extension of the average useful life of our property, plant and equipment of one year would decrease depreciation expense by approximately ~~$71.5~~$63.0 million per year, while a reduction in the average useful life of one year would increase depreciation expense by approximately ~~$81.6~~$73.3 million per year.

At December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, our unamortized finite-lived intangible assets totaled ~~$1,454.4~~$1,042.1 million and primarily consisted of franchise rights of ~~$913.3~~$827.7 million and customer lists of ~~$478.0~~$189.9 million. The customer lists are amortized using the sum-of-the-years digits method over estimated useful lives ranging from 5.5 to- 15 years. The franchise rights are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 30 years. A reduction in the average useful lives of the franchise rights and customer lists of one year would have increased the amount of amortization expense recorded in ~~2017~~2019 by approximately ~~$6.8~~$3.1 million.

~~Goodwill~~

~~Our goodwill was derived from numerous acquisitions where~~ We are in the ~~purchase price exceeded~~process of assessing the ~~fair value of~~impact to subsequent periods, if any, that the net assets acquired. In accordance with authoritative guidance, goodwill is to be assigned to a company’s reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually using a consistent measurement date or sooner when circumstances indicate an impairmentChapter 11 Cases may ~~exist. We considered the declines in~~have on the valuation of our ~~equity~~long-lived assets. During 2019, we performed a quantitative recoverability test in conjunction with the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, adoption of the new leasing standard and long-term debt during the third quarter and concluded that an impairment trigger had not occurred because our operating results were substantially in-line with our internal 2017 forecast and analyst expectations, as well as the belief, at that time, the decline in our market capitalization and fair value of long-term debt was temporary. The goodwill guidance requires write-downs of goodwill only in periods in which the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds its fair value. We are required to reassign goodwill to reporting units each time we reorganize our internal reporting structure that results in a change in our ~~reporting units.~~reportable segments. We ~~also perform an impairment assessment immediately before any such change in~~determined that for each of these triggering events our ~~reporting units. Goodwill is reassigned to the reporting units using a relative fair value approach.~~long-lived assets were not impaired.

Goodwill

As further discussed in ~~Notes 2 and 4~~Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, during the ~~fourth~~first quarter of ~~2017,~~2019, we ~~reassessed~~performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test comparing the fair value to carrying value for each or our ~~reporting unit structure as of November 1, 2017 in conjunction with the reorganization of our business operations. As of the reassessment date, we determined that we had four~~three reporting units consisting of Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise, ~~Wholesale~~ and ~~Consumer CLEC,~~Wholesale, which is ~~also~~ consistent with how we defined our ~~four~~three reportable operating segments. Our reporting units are not separate legal entities with discrete balance sheet information. Accordingly, in determining the reporting unit’s carrying value, assets and liabilities were assigned to the reporting units using a combination of specification identification and consistent and reasonable allocation methodologies as appropriate. Except for the allocation of all revenues, sales and related expenses that were previously not assigned to the segments (these amounts were historically assigned to each reporting unit for the purposes of determining each reporting unit’s fair value in conjunction with the goodwill impairment test), and the inclusion of the Small Business portion of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit into the Enterprise reporting unit, the reorganization did not significantly change the composition of our Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units with respect to customers, products and service offerings and methods of service delivery. Accordingly, we did not change the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting units from December 31, 2016. We did (1) incrementally add to the Enterprise, Wholesale and Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting units the goodwill attributable to the EarthLink and Broadview acquisitions and (2) reallocated, on a relative fair value basis, goodwill assigned to the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit to Enterprise and Consumer CLEC reporting units consistent with the reorganization of our business operations. We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of our annual measurement date of November 1, 2017.

~~In estimating~~estimated the fair value of our reporting units ~~as of November 1, 2017, we utilized~~using an income approach. The income approach is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value, which represents the expected normalized cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period of five years. We discounted the estimated cash flows for each of the reporting units using a rate that represents a market participant’s weighted average cost of capital commensurate with the reporting unit’s underlying business operations. ~~We corroborated~~Based on the results of the income approach by aggregating the fair values of the reporting units and comparing the total value to overall market multiples for guideline public companies operating in the same lines of business as our ~~reporting units. We also reconciled the aggregate estimated fair value of our reporting units to our fair value of total invested capital.~~

As of our assessment date, the fair value of our Enterprise and Consumer CLEC reporting units are approximately 20 percent greater than their carrying values. For our Consumer & Small Business and Wholesale reporting units,quantitative analysis, we recorded an impairment ~~charge~~ of ~~$1,417.8 million and $423.0 million, respectively, or an aggregate~~all remaining goodwill ~~impairment of $1,840.8 million~~ in ~~the fourth quarter of 2017. The impairment charge related to~~ our Consumer & Small Business reporting unit ~~was~~of $903.4 million, an impairment of all remaining goodwill in our Enterprise reporting unit of $996.2 million, and an impairment of goodwill in our Wholesale reporting unit of $439.4 million, representing the ~~result~~excess of ~~considering~~ the ~~other-than-temporary declines~~carrying value from each reporting unit’s fair value.

As described in Note 18, effective April 1, 2019, we implemented a new business unit organizational structure resulting in a change in our reportable operating segments and reporting units and reallocated the remaining goodwill of the former Wholesale reporting unit on a relative fair value to our new Kinetic, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units. We also confirmed, immediately before the reorganization and reallocation of goodwill, that no further impairment existed in the former Wholesale reporting unit. We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of April 1, 2019, which compared, for each reporting unit, its fair value to its carrying value. We estimated the fair value of our ~~equity~~new reporting units using an income approach based on the present value of projected cash flows and ~~long-term debt combined~~a terminal value, which represents the expected normalized cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period of five years. We discounted the estimated cash flows for each of the reporting units using a rate that represents a market participant’s weighted average cost of capital commensurate with the ~~greater than expected adverse effects~~reporting unit’s underlying business operations. The results of ~~competition, lower than expected returns~~the goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying values of our Kinetic and ~~customer retention from our recent capital investments to increase customer broadband speed, as we have experienced declining service revenues and customer losses in 2017 due to cable expansion~~

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and the recently announced increased broadband speeds available from cable companies and other service providers in our service areas. We considered these factors, including our fourth quarter customer acquisition strategy of offering new low introductory pricing designed to attract new customers, in completing our long-range financial forecastEnterprise reporting units exceeded their fair values. Accordingly, during the ~~fourth~~second quarter of ~~2017~~2019, we recorded an impairment of all goodwill allocated to our Kinetic reporting unit of $254.3 million and ~~lowered~~an impairment of all goodwill allocated to our ~~forecasted revenue and profitability levels for future periods to reflect~~Enterprise reporting unit of $119.0 million, representing the ~~challenging market and competitive conditions impacting our Consumer & Small Business operations that are not expected to subside in~~excess of the ~~near-term.~~carrying value from each reporting unit’s fair value. The ~~impairment charge related to our~~fair value of the Wholesale reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and was ~~the result~~not at risk of continuing declines in switched access revenues and special access charges for dedicated copper-based circuits as carriers migrate to fiber based networks combined with greater than expected pricing pressures on our legacy service offerings, as well as lower incremental returns on future capital expenditures needed to support the business. In completing our long-range financial forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017, we lowered our forecasted revenue and profitability levels for our Wholesale operations to reflect the challenging market dynamic and competitive conditions we face in providing services to other telecommunications carriers, network operators, and content providers.a goodwill impairment at this time.

Fair value determinations of our reporting units require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results. Examples of events or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect the underlying key assumptions and ultimately impact the estimated fair value of our reporting units may include such items as: (i) a decrease in expected future cash flows due to decreases in sales and/or increases in costs that could significantly impact our immediate and long-range results, and an inability to successfully achieve our cost

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savings targets, (ii) higher than expected customer churn as the result of competition, (iii) ~~volatility in the equity and debt markets or other macroeconomic factors which could result in a higher weighted-average cost of capital, (iv)~~ sensitivity to market multiples; and ~~(v)~~(iv) adverse changes as a result of regulatory or legislative actions.

~~Based on known facts~~As of November 1, 2019, we performed a qualitative assessment of the remaining goodwill balance related to our Wholesale reporting unit. Under the qualitative assessment, we considered several qualitative factors, including the business enterprise value of the reporting unit from the last quantitative test of April 1, 2019, just seven months earlier, the excess of fair value over carrying value of 13 percent from this test, macroeconomic conditions (including changes in interest rates and ~~circumstances, we evaluate~~discount rates), industry and ~~consider~~market considerations (including revenue and contribution margin projections), the recent ~~events~~ and ~~uncertain items,~~projected financial performance of the reporting unit, as well as ~~related potential implications,~~other factors. Based on the qualitative assessment performed, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s Wholesale reporting unit was at least equal to its carrying value as ~~part~~ of our annual ~~assessment and incorporate into the analyses as appropriate. These facts and circumstances are subject to change and may impact future analyses. For example, although not considered for our~~measurement date of November 1, ~~2017 assessment, we considered~~2019.

See Note 5 to the implications of the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act on the future fair value of our reporting units and our preliminary analysis indicated that the effects are expected to be favorable, keeping all other assumptions constant.consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding goodwill.

In 2017, the discount rates used in developing our fair value estimates were 8.25 percent for both our Consumer & Small Business and Wholesale reporting units. The discount rate for both reporting units increased 50 basis points from the discount rate used in our 2016 testing and was based on the weighted average cost of capital, adjusted for the current perceived risks impacting each reporting unit. The terminal period growth rate for each reporting unit was based on the expected debt-free cash flow growth rate in the final year of the discrete five-year projection period adjusted as needed to reflect sustainable margins consistent with an assumed constant growth rate. For 2017, the terminal period growth rates used for the Consumer & Small Business and Wholesale reporting units decreased to 0.5 percent and (1.0) percent, respectively, consistent with the lowering of our forecasted revenue and profitability levels for future periods for these reporting units previously discussed.

Following the recognition of the goodwill impairment charges in our Consumer & Small Business and Wholesale reporting units, the fair values and carrying values of these reporting units equal one another. Accordingly, if our current cash flow assumptions are not realized, it is possible that an additional impairment charge may be recorded in the future. Assuming all other assumptions and inputs used in the discounted cash flow analysis are held constant, a 50 basis point increase in our discount rate assumption would result in decreases in fair value of approximately $260.0 million and $110.0 million in the Consumer & Small Business and Wholesale reporting units, respectively. Comparatively, a 50 basis point decrease in our terminal period growth rate assumption would result in decreases in fair value of approximately $170.0 million and $70.0 million in the Consumer & Small Business and Wholesale reporting units, respectively.

Pension Benefits

We maintain a non-contributory qualified defined benefit pension plan as well as supplemental executive retirement plans that provide unfunded, non-qualified supplemental retirement benefits to a select group of management employees. The annual costs of providing pension benefits are based on certain key actuarial assumptions, including the expected return on plan assets and discount rate. We recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses due to actual experience differing from the various actuarial assumptions, including changes in our pension obligation, as pension expense or income in the fourth quarter each year, unless an earlier measurement date is required. Our projected net pension income for ~~2018,~~2020, which is estimated to be approximately ~~$14.6~~$17.5 million, was calculated based upon a number of actuarial assumptions, including an expected long-term rate of return on qualified pension plan assets of 7.0 percent and a discount rate of ~~3.68~~3.37 percent. If returns vary from the expected rate of return or there is a change in the discount rate, the estimated net pension income could vary. In developing the expected long-term rate of return assumption, we considered the plan’s historical rate of return, as well as input from our investment advisors. Projected returns on qualified pension plan assets were based on broad equity and bond indices and include a targeted asset

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allocation of ~~28.0~~31.0 percent to equities, ~~55.0~~49.0 percent to fixed income assets and ~~17.0~~20.0 percent to alternative investments, with an aggregate expected long-term rate of return of approximately 7.0 percent. Lowering the expected long-term rate of return on the qualified pension plan assets by 50 basis points (from 7.0 percent to 6.5 percent) would result in a decrease in our projected pension income of approximately ~~$4.1~~$4.2 million in ~~2018.~~2020, the effects of which would result in the recognition of pension income of $13.3 million in 2020.

The discount rate selected is derived by identifying a theoretical settlement portfolio of ~~high quality~~high-quality corporate bonds sufficient to provide for the plan’s projected benefit payments. The values of the plan’s projected benefit payments are matched to the cash flows of the theoretical settlement bond portfolio to arrive at a single equivalent discount rate that aligns the present value of the required cash flows with the market value of the bond portfolio. The discount rate determined on this basis was ~~3.68~~3.37 percent at December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. Lowering the discount rate by 25 basis points (from ~~3.68~~3.37 percent to ~~3.43~~3.12 percent) would result in a decrease in our projected pension income of approximately ~~$30.9~~$29.9 million in ~~2018,~~2020, the effects of which would result in the recognition of pension expense of ~~$16.3~~$12.4 million in ~~2018.~~2020.

See Notes 2 and 911 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on our pension plans.

Income Taxes

Our estimates of income taxes and the significant items resulting in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities are disclosed in Note 1316 to the consolidated financial statements and reflect our assessment of future tax consequences of transactions that have been reflected in our financial statements or tax returns for each taxing jurisdiction in which we operate. Actual income taxes to be paid could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law or the outcome of audits completed by federal and state taxing authorities. Included in the calculation of our annual income tax expense are the effects of changes, if any, to our income tax reserves for uncertain tax positions. We maintain income tax reserves for potential assessments from the IRS or other state taxing authorities. The reserves are determined in accordance with authoritative guidance and are adjusted, from time to time, based upon changing facts and circumstances. Changes to the income tax reserves could materially affect our future consolidated operating results in the period of change. In addition, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the acceleration of long-term debt obligations, the court ruling and the related effects on income taxes.

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Recently Adopted Authoritative Guidance

During 2019, we adopted the following authoritative guidance:

Leases

Derivatives and Hedging

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted the following authoritative guidance:

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

Implementation Costs in Cloud Computing Arrangements

See Note 2 for further discussion of this guidance and the related impacts to our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Authoritative Guidance

The following authoritative guidance, together with our evaluation of the related impact to the consolidated financial statements, is more fully described in Note 2.2 to the consolidated financial statements.

~~Revenue Recognition~~Income Taxes

~~Leases~~

~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses~~

~~Statement of Cash Flows~~

~~Definition of a Business~~

~~Presentation of Defined Benefit Retirement Costs~~

~~Hedging Activities~~

Forward-Looking Statements

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes, and future filings on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K and future oral and written statements by us and our management may include, certain forward-looking ~~statements.We~~statements. We claim the protection of the safe-harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ~~Forward-looking~~

This report contains various forward-looking statements which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including, without limitation, our future performance, our ability to comply with the covenant in the agreements governing our indebtedness and the availability of capital and terms thereof. Statements expressing expectations and projections with respect to future matters are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We caution that these forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and are subject to ~~uncertainties that~~many variables which could ~~cause actual~~impact our future events and results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the benefits of the mergers with EarthLink and Broadview, including future financial and operating results, projected synergies in operating and capital expenditures and the timing of achieving the synergies reduction in net leverage, and improvement in our ability to compete; our ability to improve our debt profile and reduce interest costs, including through repurchases of our debt; our cost reduction activities, including, but not limited to, workforce reductions and network cost optimization; our ability to defend claims made by one or more noteholders that Windstream Services

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is in alleged default pursuant to a certain indenture governing a series of senior notes; expectations regarding our network investments to improve financial performance and increase market share; expectations regarding revenue trends, sales opportunities, improving margins in, and the directional outlook of, our business segments; expectations regarding the benefits of our updated business unit structure; stability and growth in adjusted OIBDA; statements regarding our 2018 operational priorities; expected levels of support from universal service funds or other government programs; expected rates of loss of consumer households served or inter-carrier compensation; expected increases in high-speed Internet and business data connections, including increasing availability of higher Internet speeds and services utilizing next generation technology for customers; expectations regarding expanding enhanced services related to Internet speeds, Kinetic and 1 Gbps services to more locations due to network upgrades and expanding our fiber network; expectations regarding sales and trends of strategic products for business customers; our expected ability to fund operations; expected required contributions to our pension plan and our ability to make contributions utilizing our common stock; the completion and benefits from network investments related to the Connect America Fund to fund the deployment of broadband services and capital expenditure amounts related to these investments; anticipated capital expenditures and certain debt maturities from cash flows from operations; and expected effective federal income tax rates and our ability to utilize certain net loss operating carryforwards and the length of time we have to utilize under the 2017 Tax Act.performance. These ~~and other forward-looking~~ statements are ~~based~~made on the basis of management’s views, estimates, projections, beliefs and assumptions, ~~that we believe~~as of the time the statements are ~~reasonable but are not guarantees of~~made, regarding future events and results. There can be no assurance, however, that management’s expectations will necessarily come to pass. Actual future events and our results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors.

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our ability to pursue our business strategies during the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases;

our ability to generate sufficient cash to fund our operations during the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases;

our ability to implement a business plan;

the ~~cost savings~~diversion of management's attention as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases;

increased levels of employee attrition as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases;

our ability to continue as a going concern;

volatility of our financial results as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases;

trading price and volatility of our common stock, including the stock trading on the OTC Pink Sheets as maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc.;

the impact of new, emerging or competing technologies and our ability to utilize these technologies to provide services to our customers;

~~the availability and cost of financing in the corporate debt markets;~~

unanticipated increases or other changes in our future cash requirements, whether caused by unanticipated increases in capital expenditures, increases in pension funding requirements, or otherwise;

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~~further adverse changes in economic conditions in the markets served by us;~~

the extent, timing and overall ~~effect~~seffects of competition in the communications business;

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material changes in the communications industry that could adversely affect vendor relationships with equipment and network suppliers and customer relationships with wholesale customers;

~~the impact of recent adverse changes in the ratings given to our debt securities by nationally accredited ratings organizations and the potential for additional adverse changes in the future;~~

unfavorable results of litigation or intellectual property infringement claims asserted against us;

the ~~effect~~seffects of federal and state legislation, and rules and regulations, and changes thereto, governing the communications industry;

~~continued loss of consumer households served and consumer high-speed Internet customers;~~

the impact of equipment failure, natural disasters or terrorist acts; and

the ~~effect~~seffects of workstoppages by our employees or employees of other communications companies on whom we rely for ~~service; and~~

service.

~~those additional factors under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report and in subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov.~~

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Selected consolidated financial data for Windstream Holdings is as follows for the years ended December 31:


(Millions, except per share amounts)	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013			2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Revenues and sales	$	5,852.9		$	5,387.0		$	5,765.3		$	5,829.5		$	5,988.1		$	5,115.4		$	5,713.1		$	5,852.9		$	5,387.0		$	5,765.3
Operating (loss) income	(1,593.5		)	515.4			509.4			507.1			1,009.0			(2,877.5		)	296.6			(1,590.6		)	561.0			481.6
Dividend income on Uniti common stock	—			17.6			48.2			—			—
Other (expense) income, net	—			(1.2		)	9.3			0.1			(12.5		)	(7.8		)	(4.9		)	(2.3		)	(24.0		)	85.3
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock	—			15.2			—			—			—
Gain (loss) on sale of data center business	0.6			(10.0		)	326.1			—			—
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	(56.4		)	(18.0		)	(36.4		)	—			(28.5		)
Gain on disposal of businesses																—			145.4			—			—			326.1
Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt																—			190.3			(56.4		)	(18.0		)	(36.4		)
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti common stock	—			(181.9		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			(181.9		)	—
Reorganization items, net																(260.6		)	—			—			—			—
Interest expense	(875.4		)	(860.6		)	(813.2		)	(571.8		)	(627.7		)	(331.9		)	(901.3		)	(875.4		)	(860.6		)	(813.2		)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes	(2,524.7		)	(523.5		)	43.4			(64.6		)	340.3
Income tax (benefit) expense	(408.1		)	(140.0		)	16.0			(25.1		)	105.3
(Loss) income from continuing operations	(2,116.6		)	(383.5		)	27.4			(39.5		)	235.0
Discontinued operations, net of tax expense of $9.8 in 2013	—			—			—			—			6.0
(Loss) income before income taxes																(3,477.8		)	(273.9		)	(2,524.7		)	(523.5		)	43.4
Income tax benefit (expense)																320.0			(449.1		)	408.1			140.0			(16.0		)
Net (loss) income	$	(2,116.6	)	$	(383.5	)	$	27.4		$	(39.5	)	$	241.0		$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)	$	(383.5	)	$	27.4
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:
From continuing operations		($12.52	)		($4.11	)		$.24			($.45	)		$2.35
From discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			.06
Net (loss) income		($12.52	)		($4.11	)		$.24			($.45	)		$2.41			($74.06	)		($17.72	)		($62.66	)		($20.53	)		$1.21
Dividends declared per common share		$.30			$.60			$2.31			$6.00			$6.00			$—			$—			$1.50			$3.00			$11.55
Balance sheet data
Total assets	$	11,084.3		$	11,770.0		$	12,518.1		$	12,520.3		$	13,341.6		$	9,888.5		$	10,257.9		$	11,084.3		$	11,770.0		$	12,518.1
Total long-term debt and capital and other lease obligations (excluding premium and discount)	$	10,906.2		$	9,976.7		$	10,443.0		$	8,762.3		$	8,683.4		$	6,220.2		$	10,551.5		$	10,906.2		$	9,976.7		$	10,443.0
Total equity	$	(1,298.9	)	$	170.0		$	306.4		$	224.8		$	840.2
Total (deficit) equity																$	(2,074.4	)	$	(1,919.3	)	$	(1,298.9	)	$	170.0		$	306.4

Notes to Selected Financial Information:

The selected consolidated financial data of Windstream Services ~~are~~is identical to Windstream Holdings with the exception of certain expenses directly incurred by Windstream Holdings principally consisting of audit, legal and board of director fees, NASDAQ listing fees, other shareholder-related costs, income taxes, common stock activity, and payables from Windstream Services to Windstream Holdings. The amount of pre-tax expenses directly incurred by Windstream Holdings totaled approximately $2.1 million, $1.8 million, $2.0 million, $1.7 million and $2.0 million ~~$2.3 million and $0.5 million~~ in 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 ~~2015, 2014,~~ and ~~2013~~2015, respectively. Earnings and dividends per common share information for Windstream Services has not been presented because that entity has not issued publicly held common stock as defined in U.S. GAAP.

Explanations for significant events affecting our historical operating trends, including the effects of acquisitions and dispositions, during the years 2017 through 2019 are provided in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition. During 2019 and 2017, we recorded goodwill impairment charges totaling $2.7 billion and 1.8 billion, respectively. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information. As of December 31, 2018, Windstream recorded a full valuation allowance, exclusive of a portion of deferred tax liabilities primarily associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

In 2015, we completed the spin-off of certain telecommunications network assets, including our fiber and copper networks and other real estate, to Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”), a publicly traded real estate investment trust. Following the spin-off, Windstream Holdings entered into a long-term triple-net master lease with Uniti to lease back the telecommunications network assets. For periods prior to January 1, 2019, we accounted for the transaction as a financing arrangement for financial reporting purposes due to various forms of continuing involvement. At inception of the master lease, we recorded a long-term lease obligation of approximately $5.1 billion. As annual lease payments were made, a portion of the payment decreased the long-term lease obligation with the balance of the payment charged to interest expense using the effective interest method. Interest expense related to the long-term lease obligation was $467.0 million, $484.9 million, $500.8 million, and $351.6 million in 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

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As required, effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Upon adoption, we re-evaluated the contractual arrangement with Uniti and concluded that the arrangement should be accounted for prospectively as an operating lease. As a result, Windstream Holdings de-recognized the remaining net book value of assets transferred to Uniti of approximately $1.3 billion, recognized a right-of-use asset of approximately $3.9 billion equaling the adjusted Uniti lease liability, which decreased by $0.7 billion and recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately 0.3 billion. Rent expense was $659.0 million in 2019. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the change in accounting for the contractual agreement with Uniti.

Actuarial gains and losses for pension benefits are recognized in operating results in the year in which the gains and losses occur. This methodology can create volatility in ~~earnings~~operating results based on market fluctuations which impacts pension expense ~~(income)~~ for the year. Pension expense (income) was $3.0 million, $(1.0) million, $10.1 million, $59.1 million and $1.2 million ~~$128.3~~in 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Other (expense) income, net for all periods also includes the non-operating components of pension and other postretirement benefit income (expense), which totaled $0.4 million, $3.8 million, $(2.9) million, $(45.6) million and ~~$(115.3)~~$27.8 million in 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 ~~2015, 2014,~~ and ~~2013,~~2015, respectively.

~~Explanations~~As of the spin-off date in 2015, we retained a passive ownership interest in approximately 19.6 percent of the common stock of Uniti. The retained Uniti shares were classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. During 2016, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $181.9 million for ~~significant events~~ ~~affecting our historical operating trends, including~~ the ~~effects~~difference between the fair value of ~~acquisitions~~the Uniti common stock and ~~dispositions, during~~its initial cost basis. During 2016, we disposed of the ~~years 2015 through 2017 are provided in Management’s Discussion~~Uniti shares and ~~Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition. We also~~ recorded a ~~goodwill impairment charge~~net gain of ~~$1,840.8~~$15.2 million, which was included in other expense, net. Other (expense) income, net also includes dividend income received on our investment in Uniti common stock of $17.6 million in ~~2017. See Note 4 for further discussion.~~

2016 and $48.2 million in 2015.

In ~~addition to~~2015, we completed the ~~adverse changes~~sale of a substantial portion of our data center business for $574.2 million in ~~pension expense in 2014 compared to 2013, operating income~~cash and recorded a pre-tax gain of $326.1 million. The sale of the data center business did not qualify for 2014 also decreased due to the overall decline in revenues primarily attributable to customer losses and the effects of intercarrier compensation reform, increased depreciation expense of $80.5 million due to property additions and incremental restructuring charges of $27.3 million related to workforce reductions.reporting as a discontinued operation.

~~F-38~~F-39

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MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of all financial information included in this Financial Supplement. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The financial statements include amounts that are based on the best estimates and judgments of management. All financial information in this Financial Supplement is consistent with that in the consolidated financial statements.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and have expressed herein their unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which oversees our financial reporting process on behalf of the Board of Directors, is composed entirely of independent directors (as defined by the NASDAQ Global Select Market). The Audit Committee meets periodically with management, the independent registered public accounting firm and the internal auditors to review matters relating to our financial statements and financial reporting process, annual financial statement audit, engagement of independent registered public accounting firm, internal audit function, system of internal controls, and legal compliance and ethics programs as established by our management and the Board of Directors. The internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm periodically meet alone with the Audit Committee and have access to the Audit Committee at any time.




WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.			WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

~~Name:~~		Anthony W. Thomas		~~Name:~~	Robert E. Gunderman
~~Title:~~	President and Chief Executive Officer			~~Title:~~	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Dated ~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020

~~F-39~~F-40

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Windstream Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, including the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, and the results of ~~their~~its operations and ~~their~~its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company ~~maintained,~~did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the ~~COSO.~~COSO because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to the Company not designing and maintaining effective controls over analyzing, validating and concluding on key assumptions provided by third-party valuation firms and used in the Company’s accounting for leases.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2019 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has defaulted on its debt and master lease agreements and filed for voluntary reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on February 25, 2019, which raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Notes 1 and 3. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Changes in Accounting Principles

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019 and the manner in which it accounts for revenues from contracts with customers in 2018.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in ~~Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A.~~management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ~~("PCAOB")~~(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

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Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded EarthLink and Broadview from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, because they were acquired by the Company in purchase business combinations during 2017. We have also excluded EarthLink and Broadview from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. EarthLink and Broadview are wholly-owned subsidiaries whose total assets and total revenues excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting collectively represent approximately 14% and 1% of total assets, respectively and approximately 13% and 2% of total revenues, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial

~~F-40~~

~~Table of Contents~~

statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Little Rock, Arkansas

~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.

~~F-41~~F-42

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Member of Windstream Services, LLC

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Windstream Services, ~~LLC.~~LLC and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), member equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, including the related notes and ~~financial statement~~ schedule II - valuation and qualifying accounts listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

Changes in Accounting Principles

Basis for Opinions

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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

~~F-42~~

~~Table of Contents~~

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Little Rock, Arkansas

~~February 28, 2018~~May 19, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.

~~F-43~~F-44

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WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the years ended December 31,

(Millions, except per share amounts) 2017
2016
2015
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues $ 5,759.7
$ 5,279.9
$ 5,598.6
Product sales 93.2
107.1
166.7
Total revenues and sales 5,852.9
5,387.0
5,765.3
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization included below) 2,964.9
2,677.8
2,762.0
Cost of products sold 93.5
98.5
145.2
Selling, general and administrative 896.8
797.7
866.5
Depreciation and amortization 1,470.0
1,263.5
1,366.5
Goodwill impairment 1,840.8
—
—
Merger, integration and other costs 137.4
13.8
95.0
Restructuring charges 43.0
20.3
20.7
Total costs and expenses 7,446.4
4,871.6
5,255.9
Operating (loss) income (1,593.5 ) 515.4
509.4
Dividend income on Uniti common stock —
17.6
48.2
Other (expense) income, net —
(1.2 ) 9.3
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock —
15.2
—
Gain (loss) on sale of data center business 0.6
(10.0 ) 326.1
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt (56.4 ) (18.0 ) (36.4 )
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti
common stock —
(181.9 ) —
Interest expense (875.4 ) (860.6 ) (813.2 )
(Loss) income before income taxes (2,524.7 ) (523.5 ) 43.4
Income tax (benefit) expense (408.1 ) (140.0 ) 16.0
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:
Net (loss) income
($12.52 )
($4.11 )
$.24



(Millions, except per share amounts)	2019			2018			2017
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues	$	5,023.6		$	5,637.2		$	5,759.7
Product and fiber sales	91.8			75.9			93.2
Total revenues and sales	5,115.4			5,713.1			5,852.9
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization included below)	3,341.3			2,854.8			2,962.7
Cost of product and fiber sales	77.6			69.1			93.5
Selling, general and administrative	756.7			889.0			896.1
Depreciation and amortization	1,068.2			1,526.7			1,470.0
Goodwill impairment	2,712.3			—			1,840.8
Merger, integration and other costs	8.3			31.9			137.4
Restructuring charges	28.5			45.0			43.0
Total costs and expenses	7,992.9			5,416.5			7,443.5
Operating (loss) income	(2,877.5		)	296.6			(1,590.6		)
Other expense, net	(7.8		)	(4.9		)	(2.3		)
Gain on sale of Consumer CLEC business	—			145.4			—
Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt	—			190.3			(56.4		)
Reorganization items, net	(260.6		)	—			—
Interest expense (contractual interest for the year ended December 31, 2019 of $493.2)	(331.9		)	(901.3		)	(875.4		)
Loss before income taxes	(3,477.8		)	(273.9		)	(2,524.7		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	320.0			(449.1		)	408.1
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)
Basic and diluted loss per share:
Net loss		($74.06	)		($17.72	)		($62.66	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the years ended December 31,

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period —
156.1
(286.5 )
Gain on disposal recognized in the period —
(51.5 ) —
Other-than-temporary impairment loss recognized in the
   period
—
181.9
—
Change in available-for-sale securities —
286.5
(286.5 )
Interest rate swaps:
Unrealized gains (losses) on designated interest rate swaps 11.4
8.0
(8.8 )
Amortization of net unrealized losses on de-designated
  interest rate swaps
5.3
4.8
11.6
Income tax expense (6.4 ) (5.0 ) (1.1 )
Change in interest rate swaps 10.3
7.8
1.7
Postretirement and pension plans:
Prior service credit arising during the period 9.1
—
1.8
Change in net actuarial (loss) gain for employee benefit
   plans
(1.3 ) (0.2 ) 0.1
Plan curtailments and settlements —
(5.5 ) (18.0 )
Amounts included in net periodic benefit cost:
Amortization of net actuarial loss 0.1
0.2
1.0
Amortization of prior service credits (0.7 ) (1.1 ) (3.9 )
Income tax (expense) benefit (2.0 ) 2.6
7.3
Change in postretirement and pension plans 5.2
(4.0 ) (11.7 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) 15.5
290.3
(296.5 )
Comprehensive loss $ (2,101.1 ) $ (93.2 ) $ (269.1 )



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Interest rate swaps:
Unrealized (losses) gains on designated interest rate swaps	(3.2		)	3.7			11.4
Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	(10.6		)	3.0			5.3
Income tax benefit (expense)	3.5			(1.6		)	(6.4		)
Change in interest rate swaps	(10.3		)	5.1			10.3
Pension and postretirement plans:
Prior service credit arising during the period	0.3			2.7			9.1
Change in net actuarial (loss) gain for employee benefit plans	(2.7		)	7.2			(1.3		)
Plan curtailments and settlements	0.1			—			—
Amounts included in net periodic benefit cost:
Amortization of net actuarial loss	—			0.2			0.1
Amortization of prior service credits	(1.3		)	(5.1		)	(0.7		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	0.9			(1.3		)	(2.0		)
Change in pension and postretirement plans	(2.7		)	3.7			5.2
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(13.0		)	8.8			15.5
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,170.8	)	$	(714.2	)	$	(2,101.1	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31,


(Millions, except par value)	2017			2016			2019			2018
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43.4		$	59.1		$	191.8		$	355.7
Restricted cash							7.8			5.3
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $29.7 and $27.1, respectively)	643.0			618.6
accounts of $48.2 and $24.8, respectively)							574.7			653.1
Inventories	93.0			77.5			64.7			82.4
Prepaid expenses and other	153.1			111.7			197.7			159.7
Total current assets	932.5			866.9			1,036.7			1,256.2
Goodwill	2,842.4			4,213.6			61.4			2,773.7
Other intangibles, net	1,454.4			1,320.5			1,068.7			1,213.1
Net property, plant and equipment	5,391.8			5,283.5			3,620.8			4,920.9
Deferred income taxes	370.8			—
Operating lease right-of-use assets							4,018.0			—
Other assets	92.4			85.5			82.9			94.0
Total Assets	$	11,084.3		$	11,770.0		$	9,888.5		$	10,257.9
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	169.3		$	14.9
Current portion of long-term debt							$	500.0		$	5,728.1
Current portion of long-term lease obligations	188.6			168.7			—			4,570.3
Accounts payable	494.0			390.2			279.2			503.6
Advance payments and customer deposits	207.3			178.1
Advance payments							151.1			180.6
Accrued taxes	89.5			78.0			65.6			87.4
Accrued interest	52.6			58.1
Other current liabilities	342.1			366.6			223.3			387.7
Total current liabilities	1,543.4			1,254.6			1,219.2			11,457.7
Long-term debt	5,674.6			4,848.7
Long-term lease obligations	4,643.3			4,831.9
Deferred income taxes	—			151.5			—			104.3
Other liabilities	521.9			513.3			23.6			615.2
Liabilities subject to compromise							10,720.1			—
Total liabilities	12,383.2			11,600.0			11,962.9			12,177.2
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 14)
Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 375.0 shares authorized,
182.7 and 96.3 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	—			—
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 17)
Shareholders’ Deficit:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 75.0 shares authorized,
43.0 and 42.9 shares issued and outstanding, respectively							—			—
Additional paid-in capital	1,191.9			559.7			1,253.1			1,250.4
Accumulated other comprehensive income	21.4			5.9			22.6			35.6
Accumulated deficit	(2,512.2		)	(395.6		)	(3,350.1		)	(3,205.3		)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)	(1,298.9		)	170.0
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$	11,084.3		$	11,770.0
Total shareholders’ deficit							(2,074.4		)	(1,919.3		)
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit							$	9,888.5		$	10,257.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-46~~F-47

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended December 31,

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided from
operations:

Depreciation and amortization 1,470.0
1,263.5
1,366.5
Goodwill impairment 1,840.8
—
—
Provision for doubtful accounts 45.8
43.8
47.1
Share-based compensation expense 55.4
41.6
55.3
Pension expense 10.1
59.1
1.2
Deferred income taxes (412.7 ) (138.3 ) (16.3 )
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock —
(15.2 ) —
Noncash portion of net loss on early extinguishment of debt 36.0
(51.9 ) (18.5 )
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti
common stock
—
181.9
—
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated interest rate swaps 5.3
4.8
11.6
(Gain) loss on sale of data center (0.6 ) 10.0
(326.1 )
Plan curtailment —
(5.5 ) (18.0 )
Other, net 24.0
1.2
7.4
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
Accounts receivable 17.7
(15.1 ) (69.5 )
Prepaid income taxes 0.8
(4.4 ) —
Prepaid expenses and other 1.3
30.4
1.4
Accounts payable 43.3
(47.2 ) 31.1
Accrued interest (16.3 ) (20.1 ) (26.4 )
Accrued taxes (0.2 ) (6.1 ) 17.9
Other current liabilities 4.8
21.2
(17.7 )
Other liabilities (25.7 ) (42.4 ) (11.6 )
Other, net (32.5 ) (3.4 ) (36.2 )
Net cash provided from operating activities 950.7
924.4
1,026.6
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment (908.6 ) (989.8 ) (1,055.3 )
Changes in restricted cash —
—
6.7
Proceeds from the sale of property —
6.3
—
Grant funds received for broadband stimulus projects —
—
23.5
Network expansion funded by Connect America Fund - Phase I —
—
(73.9 )
Acquisition of Broadview, net of cash acquired (63.3 ) —
—
Cash acquired from EarthLink 5.0
—
—
Disposition of data center business —
—
574.2
Other, net (16.3 ) (6.5 ) 2.8
Net cash used in investing activities (983.2 ) (990.0 ) (522.0 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Dividends paid to shareholders (64.4 ) (58.6 ) (369.2 )
Proceeds from issuance of stock 9.6
—
—
Payment received from Uniti in spin-off —
—
1,035.0
Funding received from Uniti for tenant capital improvements —
—
43.1
Repayments of debt and swaps (2,277.9 ) (3,263.7 ) (3,350.9 )
Proceeds of debt issuance 2,614.6
3,674.5
2,335.0
Debt issuance costs (27.1 ) (12.4 ) (4.3 )
Stock repurchases (19.0 ) (28.9 ) (46.2 )
Payments under long-term lease obligations (168.7 ) (152.8 ) (102.6 )
Payments under capital lease obligations (39.0 ) (57.7 ) (31.5 )
Other, net (11.3 ) (7.0 ) (9.5 )
Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities 16.8
93.4
(501.1 )
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (15.7 ) 27.8
3.5
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning of period 59.1
31.3
27.8
End of period $ 43.4
$ 59.1
$ 31.3
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Interest paid, net of interest capitalized $ 855.3
$ 867.1
$ 828.9
Income taxes paid, net $ 1.7
$ 6.2
$ 1.1



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided from operations:
Depreciation and amortization	1,068.2			1,526.7			1,470.0
Goodwill impairment	2,712.3			—			1,840.8
Provision for doubtful accounts	65.2			37.7			45.8
Share-based compensation expense	2.7			11.3			55.4
Non-cash reorganization items, net	48.7			—			—
Deferred income taxes	(319.6		)	441.2			(412.7		)
Gain on sale of Consumer CLEC business	—			(145.4		)	—
Net (gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt	—			(190.3		)	56.4
DIP Facility issuance costs expensed	24.4			—			—
Other, net	8.7			29.0			38.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
Accounts receivable	(33.1		)	(47.0		)	17.7
Prepaid expenses and other	(55.1		)	46.8			2.1
Accounts payable	172.8			5.2			43.3
Accrued taxes	3.4			(9.4		)	(0.2		)
Accrued interest	(11.6		)	(8.6		)	(16.3		)
Other current liabilities	48.6			35.1			4.8
Other liabilities	(42.8		)	(2.2		)	(25.7		)
Other, net	(1.2		)	6.0			(28.9		)
Net cash provided from operating activities	533.8			1,013.1			974.6
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(878.5		)	(820.2		)	(908.6		)
Acquisition of Broadview, net of cash acquired	—			—			(63.3		)
Cash acquired from EarthLink	—			—			5.0
Acquisitions of MASS and ATC, net of cash acquired	—			(46.9		)	—
Proceeds from sale of Consumer CLEC business	—			320.9			—
Purchase of FCC spectrum licenses	(26.6		)	—			—
Other, net	1.7			(8.0		)	(16.3		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(903.4		)	(554.2		)	(983.2		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Dividends paid to shareholders	—			—			(64.4		)
Proceeds from issuance of stock	—			12.2			9.6
Repayments of debt and swaps	(372.4		)	(747.2		)	(2,301.8		)
Proceeds of debt issuance	655.0			816.0			2,614.6
Debt issuance costs	(24.4		)	(23.5		)	(27.1		)
Proceeds from fiber transaction	—			45.8			—
Stock repurchases	—			—			(19.0		)
Payments under long-term lease obligations	—			(188.8		)	(168.7		)
Payments under finance and capital lease obligations	(49.3		)	(53.6		)	(39.0		)
Other, net	(0.7		)	(2.2		)	(11.3		)
Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities	208.2			(141.3		)	(7.1		)
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(161.4		)	317.6			(15.7		)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:
Beginning of period	361.0			43.4			59.1
End of period	$	199.6		$	361.0		$	43.4
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Interest paid, net of interest capitalized	$	349.9		$	886.1		$	855.3
Income taxes (refunded) paid, net	$	(8.5	)	$	(15.1	)	$	1.7
Reorganization items paid	$	146.1		$	—		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-47~~F-48

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM HOLDINGS, INC.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Millions, except per share amounts)
Common Stock
and Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Accumulated Deficit Total
Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 252.2
$ 12.1
$ (39.5 ) $ 224.8
Net income —
—
27.4
27.4
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Change in available-for-sale securities —
(286.5 ) —
(286.5 )
Change in postretirement and pension plans —
(11.7 ) —
(11.7 )
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
   interest rate swaps
—
7.1
—
7.1
Changes in designated interest rate swaps —
(5.4 ) —
(5.4 )
Comprehensive (loss) income —
(296.5 ) 27.4
(269.1 )
Effect of REIT spin-off (See Note 5) 585.6
—
—
585.6
Share-based compensation 25.0
—
—
25.0
Stock issued for management incentive compensation plans 5.9
—
—
5.9
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 9) 21.6
—
—
21.6
Stock repurchases (46.2 ) —
—
(46.2 )
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other (9.7 ) —
—
(9.7 )
Dividends of $2.31 per share declared to stockholders (231.5 ) —
—
(231.5 )
Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 602.9
$ (284.4 ) $ (12.1 ) $ 306.4
Net loss —
—
(383.5 ) (383.5 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in available-for-sale securities —
286.5
—
286.5
Change in postretirement and pension plans —
(4.0 ) —
(4.0 )
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
   interest rate swaps
—
2.9
—
2.9
Changes in designated interest rate swaps —
4.9
—
4.9
Comprehensive income (loss) —
290.3
(383.5 ) (93.2 )
Share-based compensation 21.8
—
—
21.8
Stock options exercised 0.5
—
—
0.5
Stock issued for management incentive compensation plans 5.6
—
—
5.6
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 9) 24.0
—
—
24.0
Stock repurchases (28.9 ) —
—
(28.9 )
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other (8.0 ) —
—
(8.0 )
Dividends of $.60 per share declared to stockholders (58.2 ) —
—
(58.2 )
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 559.7
$ 5.9
$ (395.6 ) $ 170.0
Net loss —
—
(2,116.6 ) (2,116.6 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in postretirement and pension plans —
5.2
—
5.2
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
   interest rate swaps
—
3.3
—
3.3
Changes in designated interest rate swaps —
7.0
—
7.0
Comprehensive income (loss) —
15.5
(2,116.6 ) (2,101.1 )
Share-based compensation 35.8
—
—
35.8
Stock issued for pension contribution 9.6
—
—
9.6
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 9) 22.7
—
—
22.7
Stock issued in merger with EarthLink 642.6
—
—
642.6
Stock repurchases (19.0 ) —
—
(19.0 )
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other (10.7 ) —
—
(10.7 )
Dividends of $.30 per share declared to stockholders (48.8 ) —
—
(48.8 )
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 1,191.9
$ 21.4
$ (2,512.2 ) $ (1,298.9 )



(Millions, except per share amounts)	Common Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	559.7		$	5.9		$	(395.6	)	$	170.0
Net loss	—			—			(2,116.6		)	(2,116.6		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in pension and postretirement plans	—			5.2			—			5.2
Amortization of net unrealized losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	—			3.3			—			3.3
Changes in designated interest rate swaps	—			7.0			—			7.0
Comprehensive income (loss)	—			15.5			(2,116.6		)	(2,101.1		)
Share-based compensation	35.8			—			—			35.8
Stock issued for pension contribution	9.6			—			—			9.6
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 11)	22.7			—			—			22.7
Stock issued in merger with EarthLink	642.6			—			—			642.6
Stock repurchases	(19.0		)	—			—			(19.0		)
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other	(10.7		)	—			—			(10.7		)
Dividends of $1.50 per share declared to stockholders	(48.8		)	—			—			(48.8		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,191.9		$	21.4		$	(2,512.2	)	$	(1,298.9	)
Cumulative effect adjustments, net of tax:
Adoption of ASU 2014-09	—			—			35.3			35.3
Adoption of ASU 2017-12	—			1.7			(1.7		)	—
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	—			3.7			(3.7		)	—
Net loss	—			—			(723.0		)	(723.0		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in pension and postretirement plans	—			3.7			—			3.7
Amortization of net unrealized losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	—			2.3			—			2.3
Changes in designated interest rate swaps	—			2.8			—			2.8
Comprehensive income (loss)	—			8.8			(723.0		)	(714.2		)
Share-based compensation	13.3			—			—			13.3
Stock issued for pension contribution	5.8			—			—			5.8
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 11)	28.3			—			—			28.3
Stock issued under equity distribution agreement	12.2			—			—			12.2
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other	(1.1		)	—			—			(1.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	1,250.4		$	35.6		$	(3,205.3	)	$	(1,919.3	)
Cumulative effect adjustments, net of tax:
Adoption of ASU 2016-02 (See Note 2)	—			—			3,013.0			3,013.0
Net loss	—			—			(3,157.8		)	(3,157.8		)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in pension and postretirement plans	—			(2.7		)	—			(2.7		)
Amortization of net unrealized gains on de-designated interest rate swaps	—			(7.9		)	—			(7.9		)
Changes in designated interest rate swaps	—			(2.4		)	—			(2.4		)
Comprehensive loss	—			(13.0		)	(3,157.8		)	(3,170.8		)
Share-based compensation	2.9			—			—			2.9
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other	(0.2		)	—			—			(0.2		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	1,253.1		$	22.6		$	(3,350.1	)	$	(2,074.4	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-48~~F-49

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the years ended December 31,


(Millions)	2017			2016			2015			2019			2018			2017
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues	$	5,759.7		$	5,279.9		$	5,598.6		$	5,023.6		$	5,637.2		$	5,759.7
Product sales	93.2			107.1			166.7
Product and fiber sales										91.8			75.9			93.2
Total revenues and sales	5,852.9			5,387.0			5,765.3			5,115.4			5,713.1			5,852.9
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization included below)	2,964.9			2,677.8			2,762.0			3,341.3			2,854.8			2,962.7
Cost of products sold	93.5			98.5			145.2
Cost of products and fiber sales										77.6			69.1			93.5
Selling, general and administrative	894.8			796.0			864.5			754.6			887.2			894.1
Depreciation and amortization	1,470.0			1,263.5			1,366.5			1,068.2			1,526.7			1,470.0
Goodwill impairment	1,840.8			—			—			2,712.3			—			1,840.8
Merger, integration and other costs	137.4			13.8			95.0			8.3			31.9			137.4
Restructuring charges	43.0			20.3			20.7			28.5			45.0			43.0
Total costs and expenses	7,444.4			4,869.9			5,253.9			7,990.8			5,414.7			7,441.5
Operating (loss) income	(1,591.5		)	517.1			511.4			(2,875.4		)	298.4			(1,588.6		)
Dividend income on Uniti common stock	—			17.6			48.2
Other (expense) income, net	—			(1.2		)	9.3
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock	—			15.2			—
Gain (loss) on sale of data center business	0.6			(10.0		)	326.1
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	(56.4		)	(18.0		)	(36.4		)
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti common stock	—			(181.9		)	—
Interest expense	(875.4		)	(860.6		)	(813.2		)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(2,522.7		)	(521.8		)	45.4
Income tax (benefit) expense	(407.3		)	(139.3		)	16.8
Net (loss) income	$	(2,115.4	)	$	(382.5	)	$	28.6
Other expense, net										(7.8		)	(4.9		)	(2.3		)
Gain on sale of Consumer CLEC business										—			145.4			—
Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt										—			190.3			(56.4		)
Reorganization items, net										(260.6		)	—			—
Interest expense (contractual interest for the year ended December 31, 2019 of $493.2)										(331.9		)	(901.3		)	(875.4		)
Loss before income taxes										(3,475.7		)	(272.1		)	(2,522.7		)
Income tax benefit (expense)										319.5			(449.5		)	407.3
Net loss										$	(3,156.2	)	$	(721.6	)	$	(2,115.4	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-49~~F-50

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the years ended December 31,

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Net (loss) income $ (2,115.4 ) $ (382.5 ) $ 28.6
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period —
156.1
(286.5 )
Gain on disposal recognized in the period —
(51.5 ) —
Other-than-temporary impairment loss recognized in the
   period
—
181.9
—
Change in available-for-sale securities —
286.5
(286.5 )
Interest rate swaps:
Unrealized gains (losses) on designated interest rate swaps 11.4
8.0
(8.8 )
Amortization of net unrealized losses on de-designated
  interest rate swaps
5.3
4.8
11.6
Income tax expense (6.4 ) (5.0 ) (1.1 )
Change in interest rate swaps 10.3
7.8
1.7
Postretirement and pension plans:
Prior service credit arising during the period 9.1
—
1.8
Change in net actuarial (loss) gain for employee benefit
   plans
(1.3 ) (0.2 ) 0.1
Plan curtailments and settlements —
(5.5 ) (18.0 )
Amounts included in net periodic benefit cost:
Amortization of net actuarial loss 0.1
0.2
1.0
Amortization of prior service credits (0.7 ) (1.1 ) (3.9 )
Income tax (expense) benefit (2.0 ) 2.6
7.3
Change in postretirement and pension plans 5.2
(4.0 ) (11.7 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) 15.5
290.3
(296.5 )
Comprehensive loss $ (2,099.9 ) $ (92.2 ) $ (267.9 )



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Net loss	$	(3,156.2	)	$	(721.6	)	$	(2,115.4	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Interest rate swaps:
Unrealized (losses) gains on designated interest rate swaps	(3.2		)	3.7			11.4
Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	(10.6		)	3.0			5.3
Income tax benefit (expense)	3.5			(1.6		)	(6.4		)
Change in interest rate swaps	(10.3		)	5.1			10.3
Pension and postretirement plans:
Prior service credit arising during the period	0.3			2.7			9.1
Change in net actuarial (loss) gain for employee benefit plans	(2.7		)	7.2			(1.3		)
Plan curtailments and settlements	0.1			—			—
Amounts included in net periodic benefit cost:
Amortization of net actuarial loss	—			0.2			0.1
Amortization of prior service credits	(1.3		)	(5.1		)	(0.7		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	0.9			(1.3		)	(2.0		)
Change in pension and postretirement plans	(2.7		)	3.7			5.2
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(13.0		)	8.8			15.5
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,169.2	)	$	(712.8	)	$	(2,099.9	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-50~~F-51

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31,


(Millions)	2017			2016			2019			2018
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43.4		$	59.1		$	191.8		$	355.7
Restricted cash							7.8			5.3
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $29.7 and $27.1, respectively)	643.0			618.6
accounts of $48.2 and $24.8, respectively)							574.7			653.1
Inventories	93.0			77.5			64.7			82.4
Prepaid expenses and other	153.1			111.7			197.7			159.7
Total current assets	932.5			866.9			1,036.7			1,256.2
Goodwill	2,842.4			4,213.6			61.4			2,773.7
Other intangibles, net	1,454.4			1,320.5			1,068.7			1,213.1
Net property, plant and equipment	5,391.8			5,283.5			3,620.8			4,920.9
Deferred income taxes	370.8			—
Operating lease right-of-use assets							4,018.0			—
Other assets	92.4			85.5			82.9			94.0
Total Assets	$	11,084.3		$	11,770.0		$	9,888.5		$	10,257.9
Liabilities and Member Equity (Deficit)
Liabilities and Member Deficit
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	169.3		$	14.9
Current portion of long-term debt							$	500.0		$	5,728.1
Current portion of long-term lease obligations	188.6			168.7			—			4,570.3
Accounts payable	494.0			390.2			279.2			503.6
Advance payments and customer deposits	207.3			178.1
Advance payments							151.1			180.6
Accrued taxes	89.5			78.0			65.6			87.4
Accrued interest	52.6			58.1
Other current liabilities	342.1			366.6			223.3			387.7
Total current liabilities	1,543.4			1,254.6			1,219.2			11,457.7
Long-term debt	5,674.6			4,848.7
Long-term lease obligations	4,643.3			4,831.9
Deferred income taxes	—			151.5			—			104.3
Other liabilities	521.9			513.3			23.6			615.2
Liabilities subject to compromise							10,720.1			—
Total liabilities	12,383.2			11,600.0			11,962.9			12,177.2
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 14)
Member Equity (Deficit):
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 17)
Member Deficit:
Additional paid-in capital	1,187.1			556.1			1,245.3			1,244.2
Accumulated other comprehensive income	21.4			5.9			22.6			35.6
Accumulated deficit	(2,507.4		)	(392.0		)	(3,342.3		)	(3,199.1		)
Total member equity (deficit)	(1,298.9		)	170.0
Total Liabilities and Member Equity (Deficit)	$	11,084.3		$	11,770.0
Total member deficit							(2,074.4		)	(1,919.3		)
Total Liabilities and Member Deficit							$	9,888.5		$	10,257.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-51~~F-52

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended December 31,


(Millions)	2017			2016			2015			2019			2018			2017
Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(2,115.4	)	$	(382.5	)	$	28.6
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided from operations:
Net loss										$	(3,156.2	)	$	(721.6	)	$	(2,115.4	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided from operations:
Depreciation and amortization	1,470.0			1,263.5			1,366.5			1,068.2			1,526.7			1,470.0
Goodwill impairment	1,840.8			—			—			2,712.3			—			1,840.8
Provision for doubtful accounts	45.8			43.8			47.1			65.2			37.7			45.8
Share-based compensation expense	55.4			41.6			55.3			2.7			11.3			55.4
Pension expense	10.1			59.1			1.2
Non-cash reorganization items, net										48.7			—			—
Deferred income taxes	(412.7		)	(138.3		)	(16.3		)	(319.6		)	441.2			(412.7		)
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock	—			(15.2		)	—
Noncash portion of net loss on early extinguishment of debt	36.0			(51.9		)	(18.5		)
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti common stock	—			181.9			—
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	5.3			4.8			11.6
(Gain) loss on sale of data center	(0.6		)	10.0			(326.1		)
Plan curtailment	—			(5.5		)	(18.0		)
Gain on sale of Consumer CLEC business										—			(145.4		)	—
Net (gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt										—			(190.3		)	56.4
DIP Facility issuance costs expensed										24.4			—			—
Other, net	24.0			1.2			7.4			8.7			29.0			38.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
Accounts receivable	17.7			(15.1		)	(69.5		)	(33.1		)	(47.0		)	17.7
Prepaid income taxes	0.8			(4.4		)	—
Prepaid expenses and other	1.3			30.4			1.4			(55.1		)	46.8			2.1
Accounts payable	43.3			(47.2		)	31.1			172.8			5.2			43.3
Accrued taxes										3.4			(9.4		)	(0.2		)
Accrued interest	(16.3		)	(20.1		)	(26.4		)	(11.6		)	(8.6		)	(16.3		)
Accrued taxes	(0.2		)	(6.1		)	17.9
Other current liabilities	3.9			21.2			(17.7		)	48.6			35.3			3.9
Other liabilities	(25.7		)	(42.4		)	(11.6		)	(42.8		)	(2.2		)	(25.7		)
Other, net	(32.5		)	(3.4		)	(36.2		)	(1.2		)	6.0			(28.9		)
Net cash provided from operating activities	951.0			925.4			1,027.8			535.4			1,014.7			974.9
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(908.6		)	(989.8		)	(1,055.3		)	(878.5		)	(820.2		)	(908.6		)
Changes in restricted cash	—			—			6.7
Proceeds from the sale of property	—			6.3			—
Grant funds received for broadband stimulus projects	—			—			23.5
Network expansion funded by Connect America Fund - Phase I	—			—			(73.9		)
Acquisition of Broadview, net of cash acquired	(63.3		)	—			—			—			—			(63.3		)
Cash acquired from EarthLink	5.0			—			—			—			—			5.0
Disposition of data center business	—			—			574.2
Acquisitions of MASS and ATC, net of cash acquired										—			(46.9		)	—
Proceeds from sale of Consumer CLEC business										—			320.9			—
Purchase of FCC spectrum licenses										(26.6		)	—			—
Other, net	(16.3		)	(6.5		)	2.8			1.7			(8.0		)	(16.3		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(983.2		)	(990.0		)	(522.0		)	(903.4		)	(554.2		)	(983.2		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Distributions to Windstream Holdings, Inc.	(83.7		)	(88.5		)	(416.6		)	(1.6		)	(1.6		)	(83.7		)
Contribution from Windstream Holdings, Inc.	9.6			—			—			—			12.2			9.6
Payment received from Uniti in spin-off	—			—			1,035.0
Funding received from Uniti for tenant capital improvements	—			—			43.1
Repayments of debt and swaps	(2,277.9		)	(3,263.7		)	(3,350.9		)	(372.4		)	(747.2		)	(2,301.8		)
Proceeds of debt issuance	2,614.6			3,674.5			2,335.0			655.0			816.0			2,614.6
Debt issuance costs	(27.1		)	(12.4		)	(4.3		)	(24.4		)	(23.5		)	(27.1		)
Proceeds from fiber transaction										—			45.8			—
Payments under long-term lease obligations	(168.7		)	(152.8		)	(102.6		)	—			(188.8		)	(168.7		)
Payments under capital lease obligations	(39.0		)	(57.7		)	(31.5		)
Payments under finance and capital lease obligations										(49.3		)	(53.6		)	(39.0		)
Other, net	(11.3		)	(7.0		)	(9.5		)	(0.7		)	(2.2		)	(11.3		)
Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities	16.5			92.4			(502.3		)	206.6			(142.9		)	(7.4		)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(15.7		)	27.8			3.5
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash										(161.4		)	317.6			(15.7		)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:
Beginning of period	59.1			31.3			27.8			361.0			43.4			59.1
End of period	$	43.4		$	59.1		$	31.3		$	199.6		$	361.0		$	43.4
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Interest paid, net of interest capitalized	$	855.3		$	867.1		$	828.9		$	349.9		$	886.1		$	855.3
Income taxes paid, net	$	1.7		$	6.2		$	1.1
Income taxes (refunded) paid, net										$	(8.5	)	$	(15.1	)	$	1.7
Reorganization items paid										$	146.1		$	—		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-52~~F-53

Table of Contents

WINDSTREAM SERVICES, LLC

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEMBER EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Millions)
Common Stock
and Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Accumulated Deficit Total
Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 250.8
$ 12.1
$ (38.1 ) $ 224.8
Net income —
—
28.6
28.6
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Change in available-for-sale securities —
(286.5 ) —
(286.5 )
Change in postretirement and pension plans —
(11.7 ) —
(11.7 )
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
   interest rate swaps
—
7.1
—
7.1
Changes in designated interest rate swaps —
(5.4 ) —
(5.4 )
Comprehensive (loss) income —
(296.5 ) 28.6
(267.9 )
Effect of REIT spin-off (See Note 3) 585.6
—
—
585.6
Share-based compensation 25.0
—
—
25.0
Stock issued for management incentive compensation plans 5.9
—
—
5.9
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 9) 21.6
—
—
21.6
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other (9.7 ) —
—
(9.7 )
Distributions payable to Windstream Holdings, Inc. (278.9 ) —
—
(278.9 )
Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 600.3
$ (284.4 ) $ (9.5 ) $ 306.4
Net loss —
—
(382.5 ) (382.5 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in available-for-sale securities —
286.5
—
286.5
Change in postretirement and pension plans —
(4.0 ) —
(4.0 )
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
   interest rate swaps
—
2.9
—
2.9
Changes in designated interest rate swaps —
4.9
—
4.9
Comprehensive income (loss) —
290.3
(382.5 ) (92.2 )
Share-based compensation 21.8
—
—
21.8
Stock options exercised 0.5
—
—
0.5
Stock issued for management incentive compensation plans 5.6
—
—
5.6
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 9) 24.0
—
—
24.0
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other (8.0 ) —
—
(8.0 )
Distributions payable to Windstream Holdings, Inc. (88.1 ) —
—
(88.1 )
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 556.1
$ 5.9
$ (392.0 ) $ 170.0
Net loss —
—
(2,115.4 ) (2,115.4 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in postretirement and pension plans —
5.2
—
5.2
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
   interest rate swaps
—
3.3
—
3.3
Changes in designated interest rate swaps —
�� 7.0
—
7.0
Comprehensive income (loss) —
15.5
(2,115.4 ) (2,099.9 )
Share-based compensation 35.8
—
—
35.8
Stock issued for pension contribution 9.6
—
—
9.6
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 9) 22.7
—
—
22.7
Stock issued in merger with EarthLink 642.6
—
—
642.6
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other (10.7 ) —
—
(10.7 )
Distributions payable to Windstream Holdings, Inc. (69.0 ) —
—
(69.0 )
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 1,187.1
$ 21.4
$ (2,507.4 ) $ (1,298.9 )



(Millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	556.1		$	5.9		$	(392.0	)	$	170.0
Net loss	—			—			(2,115.4		)	(2,115.4		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in pension and postretirement plans	—			5.2			—			5.2
Amortization of net unrealized losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	—			3.3			—			3.3
Changes in designated interest rate swaps	—			7.0			—			7.0
Comprehensive income (loss)	—			15.5			(2,115.4		)	(2,099.9		)
Share-based compensation	35.8			—			—			35.8
Stock issued for pension contribution	9.6			—			—			9.6
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 11)	22.7			—			—			22.7
Stock issued in merger with EarthLink	642.6			—			—			642.6
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other	(10.7		)	—			—			(10.7		)
Distributions payable to Windstream Holdings, Inc.	(69.0		)	—			—			(69.0		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,187.1		$	21.4		$	(2,507.4	)	$	(1,298.9	)
Cumulative effect adjustments, net of tax:
Adoption of ASU 2014-09	—			—			35.3			35.3
Adoption of ASU 2017-12	—			1.7			(1.7		)	—
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	—			3.7			(3.7		)	—
Net loss	—			—			(721.6		)	(721.6		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Change in pension and postretirement plans	—			3.7			—			3.7
Amortization of net unrealized losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	—			2.3			—			2.3
Changes in designated interest rate swaps	—			2.8			—			2.8
Comprehensive income (loss)	—			8.8			(721.6		)	(712.8		)
Share-based compensation	13.3			—			—			13.3
Stock issued for pension contribution	5.8			—			—			5.8
Stock issued to employee savings plan (See Note 11)	28.3			—			—			28.3
Stock issued under equity distribution agreement	12.2			—			—			12.2
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other	(1.1		)	—			—			(1.1		)
Distributions payable to Windstream Holdings, Inc.	(1.4		)	—			—			(1.4		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	1,244.2		$	35.6		$	(3,199.1	)	$	(1,919.3	)
Cumulative effect adjustments, net of tax:
Adoption of ASU 2016-02 (See Note 2)	—			—			3,013.0			3,013.0
Net loss	—			—			(3,156.2		)	(3,156.2		)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Change in pension and postretirement plans	—			(2.7		)	—			(2.7		)
Amortization of net unrealized gains on de-designated interest rate swaps	—			(7.9		)	—			(7.9		)
Changes in designated interest rate swaps	—			(2.4		)	—			(2.4		)
Comprehensive loss	—			(13.0		)	(3,156.2		)	(3,169.2		)
Share-based compensation	2.9			—			—			2.9
Taxes withheld on vested restricted stock and other	(0.2		)	—			—			(0.2		)
Distributions payable to Windstream Holdings, Inc.	(1.6		)	—			—			(1.6		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	1,245.3		$	22.6		$	(3,342.3	)	$	(2,074.4	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

~~F-53~~F-54

Table of Contents

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Background and Basis for Presentation:

In these consolidated financial statements, unless the context requires otherwise, the use of the terms “Windstream,” “we,” “us” or “our” shall refer to Windstream Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services, LLC, and the term “Windstream Services” shall refer to Windstream Services, LLC and its subsidiaries.

Organizational Structure– Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings”) is a publicly traded holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware on May 23, 2013, and the parent of Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”), a Delaware limited liability company organized on March 1, 2004. Following its delisting on March 6, 2019, Windstream Holdings common stock no longer trades on the ~~NASDAQ~~Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) but trades on the Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Pink Sheets market maintained by the OTC Market Group, Inc. under the ~~ticker~~trading symbol ~~“WIN”~~“WINMQ”. Windstream Holdings owns a 100 percent interest in Windstream Services. Windstream Services and its guarantor subsidiaries are the sole obligors of all outstanding debt obligations and, as a result, also file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Windstream Holdings is not a guarantor of nor subject to the restrictive covenants included in any of Windstream Services’ debt agreements. The Windstream Holdings board of directors and officers oversee both companies.

Description of Business – We are a leading provider of advanced network communications and technology solutions for businesses across the U.S. We also offer broadband, entertainment and security solutions to consumers and small businesses primarily in rural areas in 18 states. Additionally, we supply core transport solutions on a local and long-haul fiber network spanning approximately ~~150,000~~164,000 miles.

Consumer service revenues are generated from the provisioning of high-speed Internet, voice and video services to consumers. Enterprise service revenues include revenues from integrated voice and data services, advanced data and traditional voice and long-distance services provided to enterprise, mid-market and small business customers. Wholesale revenues include revenues from other communications services providers for special access circuits and fiber connections, voice and data transport services, and revenues from the reselling of our services. Service revenues also include switched access revenues, federal and state ~~Universal Service Fund~~universal service fund (“USF”) revenues, amounts received from Connect America Fund (“CAF”) - Phase II, USF surcharges and revenues from providing other miscellaneous services.

Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Windstream Holdings, Windstream Services and the accounts of its subsidiaries. All affiliated transactions have been eliminated, as applicable.

There are no significant differences between the consolidated results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows of Windstream Holdings and those of Windstream Services other than for certain expenses incurred directly by Windstream Holdings principally consisting of audit, legal and board of director fees, ~~NASDAQ~~common stock listing fees, other shareholder-related costs, income taxes, common stock activity, and payables from Windstream Services to Windstream Holdings. Earnings per share data has not been presented for Windstream Services because that entity has not issued publicly held common stock as defined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Unless otherwise indicated, the note disclosures included herein pertain to both Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year financial statement presentation. These changes and reclassifications did not impact net ~~(loss) income~~loss or comprehensive loss.

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

1. Background and Basis for Presentation, Continued:

Going Concern and Financial Reporting – As further discussed in Note 3, our financial condition, the defaults under our debt agreements and contractual arrangement with Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”), and the risks and uncertainties surrounding the Chapter 11 Cases, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to continue as a going concern is contingent upon, among other factors, our ability to (i) obtain the required creditor acceptance and confirmation under the Bankruptcy Code of our plan of reorganization, (ii) successfully implement such plan of reorganization, (iii) address debt and other liabilities through the bankruptcy process, (iv) generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and (v) obtain financing sources sufficient to meet our future obligations. As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities are subject to uncertainty. While operating as debtors-in-possession pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code, we may sell or otherwise dispose of or liquidate assets or settle liabilities, subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court or as otherwise permitted in the ordinary course of business pursuant to relief we obtained from the Bankruptcy Court, for amounts other than those reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In particular, such financial statements do not purport to show with respect to (i) assets, the realization value on a liquidation basis or availability to satisfy liabilities, (ii) liabilities arising prior to the Petition Date, the amounts that may be allowed for claims or contingencies, or the status and priority thereof, (iii) shareholders’ equity accounts, the effect of any changes that may be made in our capitalization, or (iv) operations, the effects of any changes that may be made in the underlying business. A confirmed plan of reorganization would likely cause material changes to the amounts currently disclosed in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Further, the plan of reorganization could materially change the amounts and classifications reported in the consolidated historical financial statements, which do not give effect to any adjustments to the carrying value of assets or amounts of liabilities that might be necessary as a consequence of confirmation of a plan of reorganization. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any direct adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern or as a consequence of the Chapter 11 Cases.

Effective on February 25, 2019, we began to apply the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 852, Reorganizations, which is applicable to companies under bankruptcy protection, and requires amendments to the presentation of key financial statement line items. ASC 852 requires that the financial statements for periods subsequent to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Revenues, expenses, realized gains and losses, and provisions for losses that can be directly associated with the reorganization and restructuring of the business must be reported separately as reorganization items, net in the consolidated statements of operations beginning February 25, 2019. The consolidated balance sheet must distinguish pre-petition liabilities subject to compromise from both those pre-petition liabilities that are not subject to compromise and from post-petition liabilities.

Liabilities subject to compromise include pre-petition liabilities that are unsecured, under-secured or where it cannot be determined that the liabilities are fully secured. Liabilities that may be affected by a plan of reorganization must be reported at the amounts expected to be allowed by the Bankruptcy Court, even if they may be settled for lesser amounts as a result of the plan of reorganization or negotiations with creditors. If there is uncertainty about whether a secured claim is undersecured, or will be impaired under the plan of reorganization, the entire amount of the claim is included with prepetition claims in liabilities subject to compromise. In addition, cash used for reorganization items is disclosed.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes:

Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and such differences could be material.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

F-56

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

Restricted Cash - Deposits held as security for indebtedness under our corporate purchase card program and not available for use have been presented as restricted cash in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable consist principally of ~~trade receivables~~amounts billed and currently due from customers and are generally unsecured and due within 30 days. ~~Expected credit losses related to trade accounts receivable~~The amounts due are ~~recorded as~~stated at their net estimated realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts into provide for the ~~consolidated balance sheets. In establishing the~~estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance ~~for doubtful accounts, we consider a number~~is based upon an assessment of ~~factors, including~~ historical collection experience, ~~aging~~age of ~~the accounts receivable balances,~~outstanding receivables, current economic conditions and a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations. ~~When internal collection efforts on accounts have been exhausted, the accounts are written off by reducing the allowance for doubtful accounts.~~ Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers make up our customer base. Due to varying customer billing cycle cut-off, we must estimate service revenues earned but not yet billed at the end of each reporting period. Included in accounts receivable are unbilled receivables related to communications services and product sales of ~~$23.8~~$33.9 million and ~~$33.0~~$40.0 million at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively.

Inventories – Inventories consist of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using either an average original cost or specific identification method of valuation.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets – Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of prepaid services, rent, insurance, taxes, maintenance contracts, refundable deposits, interest rate swaps, and ~~refundable deposits.~~the current portion of contract assets and deferred contract costs recorded in accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. Prepayments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the corresponding life of the underlying agreements.

~~Connect America Fund Support~~ – In conjunction with reforming USF, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) established the Connect America Fund (“CAF”) which provides incremental broadband funding to a number of unserved and underserved locations. CAF includes both short-term (“ CAF Phase I”) and a longer-term (“CAF Phase II”) framework. During 2015, we received $73.9 million in CAF Phase I support for upgrades and new deployments of broadband service. Pursuant to commitments we made with the FCC, we agreed to match, on at least a dollar-for-dollar basis, the total amount of CAF Phase I support we received. As of January 1, 2016, we had utilized all CAF Phase I support we had received. CAF Phase I support received and used to construct network assets during 2015 has been presented within the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In August 2015, Windstream accepted CAF Phase II support offers for 17 of 18 states in which it is an incumbent provider, totaling approximately $175.0 million in annual funding. Support was retroactive to the beginning of 2015 and will continue for six additional years. Windstream is obligated to offer broadband service at speeds of 10/1 Mbps or better to approximately 400,000 eligible locations in high-cost areas in those 17 states. Funds received under CAF Phase II are recognized as service revenues ratably over the period to which the funding pertains.

~~Asset Disposals~~ – On December 18, 2015, Windstream Services completed the sale of a substantial portion of our data center business to TierPoint LLC (“TierPoint”) for $574.2 million in cash, net of the $0.8 million working capital settlement, and recorded a pre-tax gain of $326.1 million. Excluding the effects of the gain, the data center business incurred a pretax loss of $(0.5) million in 2015. The sale of the data center business did not represent a strategic shift in our business nor have a major effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, and accordingly, did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. As part of the transaction, we established an ongoing reciprocal strategic partnership with TierPoint, allowing both companies to sell their respective products and services to each other’s prospective customers through referrals.

Pursuant to the terms of the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, Windstream Services agreed to indemnify TierPoint for certain losses attributable to any alleged breaches of representations and warranties made by us with such indemnification liability capped at $10.0 million. On November 22, 2016, TierPoint submitted a notice of a claim to us for indemnification and payment of $10.0 million. Due to the nature of the claims and the potential difficulty in defending against such claims, as of December 31, 2016, we recorded a loss of $10.0 million related to the indemnification claim. During the second quarter of 2017, we made a cash payment to TierPoint of $9.4 million to settle this claim.

~~F-55~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:~~

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired through various business combinations. The cost of acquired entities at the date of the acquisition is allocated to identifiable assets, and the excess of the total purchase price over the amounts assigned to identifiable assets has been recorded as goodwill. In accordance with authoritative guidance, goodwill is to be assigned to a company’s reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually or sooner when circumstances indicate an impairment may exist, using a consistent measurement date, which for us is November 1st of each year. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit for which discrete financial information is available and our executive management team regularly reviews the operating results of that component. Additionally, components of an operating segment can be combined as a single reporting unit if the components have similar economic characteristics. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the impairment loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Prior to performing the quantitative evaluation, an entity has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value. Under the qualitative assessment, if an entity determines that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying value, then the entity is not required to complete the quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation.

As further discussed in Notes 2, 4 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements, during the fourth quarter of 2017, we reassessed our reporting unit structure as of November 1, 2017 in conjunction with the reorganizationCertain of our ~~business operations. As~~intangible assets are spectrum licenses that provide the exclusive right to utilize designated radio frequency spectrum to provide telecommunication services. The spectrum licenses were purchased in the 24 gigahertz (“GHz”) and 28 GHz airwave auctions conducted by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) in 2019. The spectrum licenses have an initial term of 10 years and are subject to renewal by the FCC. Currently, there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that would limit the useful life of the reassessment date, we determined that we had four reporting units consisting of Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise, Wholesale and Consumer CLEC, which is also consistent with how we defined our four reportable operating segments. Our reporting units are not separate legal entities with discrete balance sheet information.spectrum. Accordingly, ~~in determining~~ the ~~reporting unit’s carrying value, assets and liabilities were assigned to~~spectrum licenses have been classified as an indefinite-lived asset. We evaluate the ~~reporting units using a combination of specification identification and consistent and reasonable allocation methodologies as appropriate. As described in Note 15, except~~useful life determination for the ~~allocation of all revenues, sales~~spectrum licenses each year to determine whether events and ~~related expenses that were previously not assigned~~circumstances continue to the segments (these amounts were historically assigned to each reporting unit for the purposes of determining each reporting unit’s fair value in conjunction with the goodwill impairment test), and the inclusion of the Small Business portion of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit into the Enterprise reporting unit, the reorganization did not significantly change the composition of our Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units with respect to customers, products and service offerings and methods of service delivery. Accordingly, we did not change the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting units from December 31, 2016. We also incrementally added goodwill to the Enterprise, Wholesale and Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting units the goodwill attributable to the EarthLink and Broadview acquisitions. As a result of combining Small Business CLEC of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC segment into Enterprise and separating Consumer CLEC into its own segment, we allocated the goodwill of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit on a relative fair value basis between the Enterprise and Consumer CLEC reporting units. We also confirmed, immediately before the reorganization and reallocation of goodwill, thatsupport an impairment did not exist in the Consumer and Small Business CLEC and Enterprise reporting units. We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of our annual measurement date of November 1, 2017. The results of our annual impairment test are discussed in Note 4.indefinite useful life.

~~Other~~Finite-lived intangible assets arising from business combinations such as franchise rights, customer lists, trade names and internally developed technology and software are initially recorded at estimated fair value. We amortize customer lists using the sum-of-the-years-digits method over the estimated lives of the customer relationships. All other finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. ~~(See~~See Note 45 for additional ~~information.)~~information regarding goodwill and other intangible assets.

F-57

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

Net Property, Plant and Equipment – Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost, less accumulated depreciation. Property, plant and equipment consists of central office equipment, office and warehouse facilities, outside communications plant, customer premise equipment, furniture, fixtures, vehicles, machinery, other equipment and software to support the business units in the distribution of telecommunications products. The costs of additions, replacements, substantial improvements and extension of the network to the customer premise, including related contract and internal labor costs, are capitalized, while the costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal labor costs include non-cash share-based compensation and the matching ~~stock~~ contribution to the employee savings plan for those employees directly involved with construction activities. Depreciation expense amounted to $897.2 million, $1,300.9 million, and $1,229.0 million ~~$1,078.3 million,~~in 2019, 2018 and ~~$1,146.3 million in~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively.

~~F-56~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:~~

Net property, plant and equipment consisted of the following as of December 31:



(Millions)	Depreciable Lives	2019			2018
Land		$	24.2		$	53.0
Building and improvements	3-40 years	358.5			660.7
Central office equipment	3-40 years	6,765.4			7,074.3
Outside communications plant	7-47 years	2,902.3			8,287.6
Furniture, vehicles and other equipment	1-23 years	1,863.4			1,940.8
Construction in progress		347.3			403.6
		12,261.1			18,420.0
Less accumulated depreciation		(8,640.3		)	(13,499.1		)
Net property, plant and equipment		$	3,620.8		$	4,920.9

(Millions) Depreciable Lives 2017
2016
Land $ 65.4
$ 42.8
Building and improvements 3-40 years 420.3
608.8
Central office equipment 3-40 years 7,170.5
6,493.6
Outside communications plant 7-47 years 7,882.5
7,390.9
Furniture, vehicles and other equipment 1-23 years 2,308.7
1,835.5
Construction in progress 440.8
618.8
18,288.2
16,990.4
Less accumulated depreciation (12,896.4 ) (11,706.9 )
Net property, plant and equipment $ 5,391.8
$ 5,283.5

Of the total net property, plant and equipment at December 31, ~~2017 and 2016~~2018 listed above, approximately ~~$2.0~~$1.9 billion ~~and $2.2 billion, respectively, has~~had been legally transferred to Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”~~) (formerly Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc.~~) as a result of the spin-off and leaseback by Windstream ~~Holdings (see Note 5). Under the master lease agreement with Uniti, any~~Holdings. This balance includes capital improvements, including upgrades or replacements to the leased network assets, funded by us, which are accounted for as lease-hold improvements and become the property of Uniti at the time such improvements are placed in service. As further discussed in Note 6, we accounted for the spin-off transaction as a failed spin-leaseback for financial reporting purposes and, as a result the net book value of the assets initially transferred to Uniti and any subsequentSuch capital improvements ~~made by us continue to be reported in our consolidated balance sheet as property, plant and equipment and~~ are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining initial contractual term. For periods prior to January 1, 2019, we accounted for the spin-off transaction as a financing arrangement for financial reporting purposes due to various forms of continuing involvement. Accordingly, the net book value of the assets initially transferred to Uniti continued to be reported in our consolidated balance sheet as property, plant and equipment and depreciated. As further discussed below under “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards”, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) effective January 1, 2019. Under ASU 2016-02, the previous forms of prohibited continuing involvement no longer precluded the application of spin-leaseback accounting to the Uniti arrangement and, as a result, we prospectively changed the accounting for the Uniti arrangement from a financing to an operating lease ~~term~~effective January 1, 2019. As of ~~15 years.~~that date, we de-recognized the remaining net book value of assets initially transferred to Uniti of $1.3 billion.

Our regulated operations use a group composite depreciation method. Under this method, when plant is retired, the original cost, net of salvage value, is charged against accumulated depreciation and no immediate gain or loss is recognized on the disposition of the plant. For our non-regulated operations, when depreciable plant is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are deducted from the plant accounts, with the corresponding gain or loss reflected in operating results.

In accordance with the terms of certain broadband stimulus grants we received from the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”) to fund 75 percent of the costs related to specified construction projects, the RUS retained a security interest in the assets funded by these grants for the duration of their economic life, which varies by grant for periods up to 23 years. In the event of default of terms of the agreement, the RUS could exercise the rights under its retained security interest to gain control and ownership of these assets. In addition, in the event of a proposed change in control of Windstream, the acquiring party would need to receive approval from the RUS prior to consummating the proposed transaction, for which pre-approval will not be reasonably withheld. At December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the net book value of assets funded by broadband stimulus grants was ~~$93.6~~$38.0 million.

We capitalize interest in connection with the acquisition or construction of plant assets. Capitalized interest is included in the cost of the asset with a corresponding reduction in interest expense. Capitalized interest amounted to $6.6 million, $3.7 million and $7.0 million ~~$10.7 million~~in 2019, 2018 and ~~$10.4 million in~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively.

F-58

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

Asset Retirement Obligations – We recognize asset retirement obligations in accordance with authoritative guidance on accounting for asset retirement obligations and conditional asset retirement obligations, which requires recognition of a liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation if the amount can be reasonably estimated. Our asset retirement obligations include legal obligations to remediate the asbestos in certain buildings if we exit them, to properly dispose of our chemically-treated telephone poles at the time they are removed from service and to restore certain leased properties to their previous condition upon exit from the lease. These asset retirement obligations totaled ~~$53.0~~$54.2 million and $53.3 million as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively, and ~~are~~is included in liabilities subject to compromise for 2019 and other liabilities for 2018 in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable from future, undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group is not fully recoverable, an impairment loss would be recognized for the difference between the carrying value of the asset group and its estimated fair value based on discounted net future cash flows.

~~F-57~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:~~

Derivative Instruments – ~~Windstream Services enters into interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in its variable rate senior secured credit facility.~~ Derivative instruments are accounted for in accordance with authoritative guidance for recognition, measurement and disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities, including when a derivative or other financial instrument can be designated as a hedge. This guidance requires recognition of all derivative instruments at fair value, and accounting for the changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative has been designated as, ~~qualifies as~~ and ~~is effective~~qualifies as, a hedge. Changes in fair value ~~of the effective portions~~ of cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of other comprehensive (loss) income in the current period. ~~Any ineffective portion~~See Note 8 for additional information regarding our hedging activities and derivative instruments.

Revenue Recognition – We earn revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of telecommunications and other services and through the sale of equipment to customers and contractors. These services include a variety of communication and connectivity services for our Consumer and Business customers including other carriers that use our facilities to provide services to their customers, as well as professional and integrated managed services for our large enterprises and government customers. We account for these revenues under ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which we adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. This standard and related updates clarified the principles for recognizing revenue. The standard also amended the guidance for the recognition of costs to obtain and fulfill contracts with customers. We also earn revenues that are not accounted for under Topic 606 from leasing arrangements, federal and state universal service funds and other regulatory-related sources and activities.

A contract’s transaction price, considering discounts given for bundled purchases and promotional credits, is allocated to each distinct performance obligation, a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have multiple performance obligations. While many contracts include one or more performance obligations, the revenue recognition pattern is generally not impacted by the allocation since the performance obligations are generally satisfied over the same period of time. When the method and timing of transfer and performance risk are the same, services are deemed to be highly interdependent. Highly interdependent, indistinct, services are combined into a single performance obligation. Although each month of services promised is a separate performance obligation, we consider the series of monthly service performance obligations promised over the course of the ~~hedges~~contract a single performance obligation for purposes of the allocation.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contract. The standalone selling price is the estimated price we would charge for the good or service in a separate transaction with similar customers in similar circumstances. Identifying distinct performance obligations and determining the standalone selling price for each performance obligation within a contract with multiple performance obligations requires management judgment.

F-59

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are rendered or at a point in time depending on our evaluation of when the customer obtains control of the promised goods. Revenue is recognized ~~in earnings in~~when obligations under the ~~current period.~~

~~Revenue Recognition~~ ~~– Service revenues~~terms of a contract with our customer are ~~primarily derived from providing access to~~satisfied; generally, this occurs when services are rendered or ~~usage~~control of our ~~networks and facilities.~~communication products is transferred. Service revenues are recognized over the period that the corresponding services are rendered to customers. Revenues that are billed in advance include monthly recurring network access and data services, special access and monthly recurring voice, Internet and other related charges. ~~The unearned portion of these revenues is included in advance payments and customer deposits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.~~ Revenues derived from other telecommunications services, including interconnection, long-distance and enhanced service revenues are recognized monthly as services are provided. ~~Revenue~~Telecommunications network maintenance revenue from ~~sales of~~ indefeasible rights to use fiber optic network ~~facilities~~facility arrangements (“IRUs”) ~~and the related telecommunications network maintenance arrangements is~~are generally recognized over the term of the related ~~lease or~~ contract. Sales of communications products including customer premise equipment and modems are recognized when products are delivered to and accepted by customers.

In determining whether installation is a separate performance obligation, we evaluate, among other factors, whether other performance obligations are highly dependent upon installation requiring significant integration or customization or whether a customer can benefit from the installation with other readily available resources. In circumstances where customers can benefit from the installation with other readily available resources, installation is a separate performance obligation. We recognize installation revenue when the installation is complete. In circumstances where other telecommunication service performance obligations are highly dependent upon installation, installation is not a separate purchase obligation, and accordingly, we include the installation fees in the transaction price allocated to and recognized with other telecommunication service performance obligations.

Fees assessed to customers for service activation are ~~deferred upon~~considered a material right in a month-to-month contract. These service activation fees are deferred and recognized as service revenue on a straight-line basis over the ~~expected~~estimated life of the customer.

As a practical expedient, we group similar contracts or performance obligations together into portfolios of contracts or performance obligations when the result does not differ materially from considering each contract or performance obligation separately. We apply the portfolio approach for the following: service activations, installation services, certain promotional credits, commissions and other costs to fulfill a contract. Portfolios are recognized over the estimated life of the customer. Determining the estimated life of the customer ~~relationship~~requires management judgment.

The estimated life of our customer relationships varies by customer type. Wholesale customer lives are estimated based on the average number of months each individual circuit was active. Business customer lives are based on average contract terms. Residential customer lives are estimated based on average customer tenure.

Our contracts include discounts and promotional credits given to customers. We include discounts and promotional credits in ~~accordance with authoritative guidance~~the transaction price. These estimates are based on ~~multiple element arrangements. Certain costs associated with activating such services are deferred~~historical experience and ~~recognized as an operating expense over the same period.~~anticipated performance.

In determining whether to include in revenues and expenses, the taxes and surcharges assessed and collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, including USF charges, sales, use, value added and excise taxes, we evaluate, among other factors, whether we are the primary obligor or principal tax payer for the fees and taxes assessed in each jurisdiction in which we operate. In those jurisdictions for which we are the primary obligor, we record the taxes and surcharges on a gross basis and include in revenues and costs of services and products. In jurisdictions in which we function as a collection agent for the government authority, we record the taxes on a net basis and exclude the amounts from our revenues and costs of services and ~~products.~~products.

We offer third-party video services to our customers. The third-party service provider retains control of the service and is the primary obligor. We record commissions received on a net basis.

See Note 10 for additional information regarding contract balances, remaining performance obligations, revenue by category and deferred contract costs.

Connect America Fund Support – In conjunction with reforming USF, the FCC established the CAF which provides incremental broadband funding to a number of unserved and underserved locations. In 2015, Windstream accepted support offers under CAF Phase II for 17 of 18 states in which we are the incumbent provider, totaling approximately $175.0 million in annual funding which will continue through 2021. Windstream is obligated to offer broadband service at speeds of 10/1 Mbps or better to approximately 400,000 eligible locations in high-cost areas in those 17 states.

F-60

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

Intercarrier Billing Disputes - We routinely dispute network access charges that are billed to us by other companies for access to their networks. We have accrued amounts that we believe are adequate related to ongoing billing disputes. The reserves are subject to changes in estimates and management judgment as new information becomes available. Due to the length of time historically required to resolve these disputes, these matters may be resolved or require adjustment in future periods and relate to costs invoiced, accrued or paid in prior periods. While we believe the reserves recorded for billing disputes are adequate as of December 31, 2019, it is possible that we could record future adjustments to these reserves and such adjustments could be significant. There were no material adjustments to our billing dispute reserves during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Advertising – Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense totaled $36.1 million, $40.6 million and $47.8 million ~~$44.0 million~~in 2019, 2018 and ~~$52.9 million in~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively.

Share-Based Compensation – In accordance with authoritative guidance on share-based compensation, we ~~value~~measure compensation expense for all ~~time-based~~stock option and restricted stock awards ~~to employees~~ at fair value on the date of the grant and recognize ~~that~~compensation expense over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model and determine the fair value of restricted stock awards based on the grant date quoted market price of Windstream Holdings’ common stock. Fair value of stock options and time-based restricted stock awards is recognized as compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the period that each award vests. ~~Performance-based~~For accounting purposes, performance-based awards are valued at fair value ~~when~~on the date on which the performance targets are set. Share-based compensation expense for performance-based awards is recognized when it is probable and estimable that ~~targets~~the performance metrics will be ~~met as measured against performance metrics.~~achieved. Share-based compensation expense is included in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. See Note 12 for additional information regarding stock option, restricted stock and restricted unit activity.

Pension Benefits – We recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses due to actual experience differing from actuarial assumptions, as a component of net periodic benefit expense (income) ~~expense~~ in the fourth quarter in the year in which the gains and losses occur, and if applicable in any quarter in which an interim remeasurement is required. The remaining components of net periodic benefit expense (income) ~~expense,~~, primarily benefits earned, interest cost and expected return on plan assets, are recognized ratably on a quarterly basis. See Note 11 for additional information regarding actuarial assumptions, net periodic benefit expense (income), projected benefit obligation, plans assets, future contributions and payments.

Operating Leases – ~~Certain~~Prior to adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, as further discussed under “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards”, certain of our operating lease agreements ~~include~~included scheduled rent escalations during the initial lease term and/or during succeeding optional renewal periods. We ~~account~~accounted for these operating leases in accordance with authoritative guidance for operating leases with non-level rent payments. Accordingly, the scheduled increases in rent expense ~~are~~were recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease term and those renewal periods that ~~are~~were reasonably assured. The difference between rent expense and rent paid iswas recorded as deferred rent and iswas included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term, including renewal option periods that are reasonably assured.

Asset Disposal – In December 2018, we entered into an agreement to sell certain fiber assets in Minnesota to Arvig Enterprises Inc. for cash proceeds of $45.8 million and concurrently entered into a 20-year IRU agreement to continue to use a portion of the sold fiber assets at no cost. At that time, we accounted for the transaction as a financing due to our continuing involvement in the fiber assets. Upon adoption of the new leasing standard, we reassessed our accounting treatment for this transaction. For additional information, see “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, Leases” section of this note.

~~F-58~~F-61

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

Income Taxes – We account for income taxes in accordance with guidance on accounting for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax balances are adjusted to reflect tax rates based on currently enacted tax laws, which will be in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period of the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with authoritative guidance which prescribes a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. Our evaluations of tax positions consider various factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, information obtained during in process audit activities and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. We also accrue for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax ~~expense (benefit).~~(expense) benefit.

Windstream Holdings and its domestic subsidiaries, including Windstream Services, file a consolidated federal income tax return. As such, Windstream Services and its subsidiaries are not separate taxable entities for federal and certain state income tax purposes. In instances when Windstream Services does not file a separate return, income taxes as presented within the accompanying consolidated financial statements attribute current and deferred income taxes of Windstream Holdings to Windstream Services and its subsidiaries in a manner that is systematic, rational and consistent with the asset and liability method. Income tax provisions presented for Windstream Services and its subsidiaries are prepared under the “separate return method.” The separate return method represents a hypothetical computation assuming that the reported revenue and expenses of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries were incurred by separate taxable entities. See Note 16 for additional information.

~~(Loss) Earnings~~Loss Per Share – We compute basic (loss) earnings per share by dividing net (loss) income applicable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Our non-vested restricted shares containing a non-forfeitable right to receive dividends on a one-to-one per share ratio to common shares are considered participating securities, and the impact is included in the computation of (loss) earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Calculations of (loss) earnings per share under the two-class method exclude from the numerator any dividends paid or owed on participating securities and any undistributed earnings considered to be attributable to participating securities. The related participating securities are similarly excluded from the denominator. Commencing in the third quarter of 2017, we ~~have~~ eliminated our quarterly common stock dividend.

Diluted (loss) earnings per share ~~is computed by dividing net (loss) income applicable~~reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares by the weighted average number of common shares adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities include incremental shares issuable upon vesting ofstock, including restricted stock units, ~~and from exercise of outstanding~~ stock options and ~~warrants. Diluted (loss)~~warrants, were exercised or converted into common stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units, stock options and warrants is reflected in diluted earnings per share ~~excludes all potentially dilutive securities if their effect is anti-dilutive.~~by application of the treasury stock method. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise plus the amount of compensation cost attributed to future services.

We also issue performance-based restricted stock units as part of our share-based compensation plan. Certain of these restricted stock units contain a forfeitable right to receive dividends. Because dividends attributable to these shares are forfeited if the vesting provisions are not met, they are considered non-participating restricted shares and are not considered to be potentially dilutive under the two-class method until the performance conditions have been satisfied. ~~Restricted stock units, stock options and warrants granted in conjunction with past acquisitions are included in the computation of dilutive earnings (loss) per share using the treasury stock method.~~

~~F-59~~F-62

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

A reconciliation of net ~~(loss) income~~loss and number of shares used in computing basic and diluted ~~(loss) earnings~~loss per share was as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions, except per share amounts)	2019			2018			2017
Basic and diluted loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)
Income allocable to participating securities	—			—			(1.3		)
Net loss attributable to common shares	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,117.9	)
Denominator:
Basic and diluted shares outstanding
Weighted average shares outstanding	42.6			40.8			34.5
Weighted average participating securities	—			—			(0.7		)
Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding	42.6			40.8			33.8
Basic and diluted loss per share:
Net loss		($74.06	)		($17.72	)		($62.66	)

(Millions, except per share amounts) 2017
2016
2015
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:
Numerator:
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4
Income allocable to participating securities (1.3 ) (2.5 ) (3.5 )
Net (loss) income attributable to common shares $ (2,117.9 ) $ (386.0 ) $ 23.9
Denominator:
Basic and diluted shares outstanding
   Weighted average shares outstanding 172.7
99.1
102.0
   Weighted average participating securities (3.6 ) (5.2 ) (3.1 )
   Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding 169.1
93.9
98.9
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:
Net (loss) income
($12.52 )
($4.11 )
$.24

We have excluded from the computation of diluted shares the effect of restricted stock units and options to purchase shares of our common stock because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect due to our reported net ~~losses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.~~losses. We had ~~3.9~~0.5 million restricted stock units and ~~0.2~~0.8 million stock options outstanding as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, compared to ~~1.3~~0.4 million restricted stock units and ~~0.4~~1.0 million stock options outstanding at December 31, ~~2016. Options to purchase shares~~2018. We had 0.8 million restricted stock units and less than 0.1 million stock options outstanding as of our common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted shares because the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common stock and, therefore, the effect would be anti-dilutive, totaled approximately 0.5 million shares for the year ended December 31, ~~2015.~~2017.

~~Change in Accounting Estimate~~ – The calculation of depreciation and amortization expense is based on the estimated economic useful lives of the underlying property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets. We periodically obtain updated depreciation studies to evaluate whether certain useful lives remain appropriate in accordance with authoritative guidance. With the assistance of a third-party valuation advisor, we completed analyses of the depreciable lives of assets held for use of certain subsidiaries during 2016. Based on the results of the analyses, we implemented new depreciation rates in the fourth quarter of 2016, the effects of which resulted in an increase to depreciation expense. Additionally, in the fourth quarter of 2016, we reassessed the estimated useful lives of certain fiber assets, extending the useful life of such assets from 20 to 25 years. The net impact of these changes resulted in increases to depreciation expense of $35.3 million and $8.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which increased our reported net loss by $22.2 million and $5.4 million or $.13 and $.06 per share for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

~~Valuation of Inventory~~Leases – In ~~July 2015,~~February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. ~~2015-11, Inventory~~2016-02, Leases (Topic ~~330): Simplifying~~842), as modified by subsequently issued ASU Nos. 2018-01, 2018-10, 2018-11, 2018-20 and 2019-01 (collectively “ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the ~~Measurement~~balance sheet. Most prominent among the changes in ASU 2016-02 is the lessees’ recognition of ~~Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”).~~a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for operating leases. The ~~updated guidance requires that an entity should measure inventory valued using~~right-of-use asset and lease liability are initially measured based on the present value of committed lease payments. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. Expenses related to operating leases are recognized on a ~~first-in, first-out or average cost method at~~straight-line basis, while those related to financing leases are recognized under a front-loaded approach in which interest expense and amortization of the ~~lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price~~right-of-use asset are presented separately in the ~~ordinary course~~statement of ~~business, less reasonably predictable costs~~operations. Similarly, lessors are required to classify leases as sales-type, finance or operating with classification affecting the pattern of ~~completion, disposal,~~income recognition. Classification for both lessees and ~~transportation.~~lessors is based on an assessment of whether risks and rewards as well as substantive control have been transferred through a lease contract. ASU ~~2015-11 should be applied on a prospective basis~~2016-02 also requires qualitative and ~~is effective for fiscal years,~~quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and ~~interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. As required,~~uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU ~~2015-11 in~~2016-02 using the ~~first quarter~~modified retrospective transition method. Under the modified retrospective transition method, we recognized the cumulative effect of ~~2017. The~~initial adoption ~~of ASU 2015-11 did not have a material impact~~as an adjustment to our ~~consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.~~

~~Derivatives~~opening accumulated deficit balance at the adoption date. Comparative information for prior periods has not been restated and ~~Hedging~~ – In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force) (“ASU 2016-05”). ASU 2016-05 clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require de-designation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continuecontinues to be ~~met.~~reported in accordance with Topic 840.

We elected the practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within ASU ~~2016-05 is effective~~2016-02 which, among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification for ~~fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016.~~capital and operating leases. We also elected the practical expedient related to land easements, allowing us to carry forward our accounting treatment for land easements on existing agreements. As ~~required,~~a practical expedient, we ~~adopted ASU 2016-05 in the first quarter~~elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of ~~2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-05 did not have a material impact to our consolidated results of operations, financial position~~12 months or ~~cash flows.~~less.

~~F-60~~F-63

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

~~Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting – In March 2016,~~Exclusive of our contractual arrangement with Uniti Group, Inc. (“Uniti”) described below, our existing operating lease portfolio primarily consists of fiber, colocation, real estate and equipment leases. Upon adoption of this standard, we recorded an additional lease liability of $408.4 million attributable to our operating leases based on the ~~FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects~~present value of the ~~accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification~~remaining minimum lease payments with an increase to leased assets or right-of-use assets of $382.5 million in our consolidated balance sheet. Included in the ~~statement~~operating right-of-use assets is $6.6 million of ~~cash flows. Under the new guidance all excess tax benefits~~previously recorded prepaid rent and ~~tax deficiencies, including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards, should be recognized~~$6.7 million in deferred rent arising from non-level rent payments. The difference between these amounts was recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, eliminating the notion of the APIC pool. The excess tax benefits will be classified as operating activities along with other income tax cash flows rather than financing activities in the statement of cash flows. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards should be treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. ASU 2016-09 also allows entities to elect to either estimate the total number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 clarifies that cash payments to tax authorities in connection with shares withheld to meet statutory tax withholding requirements should be presented as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017 and maintained our past practice of estimating the total number of awards expected to vest. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impactan adjustment to our ~~consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.~~accumulated deficit.

~~Goodwill Impairment~~ – In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”) simplifying the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating the second step from the goodwill impairment test. The second step requires the measurement of a goodwill impairment by comparing the implied value of a reporting unit’s goodwill and the goodwill’s carrying amount. Under the amendments, the goodwill impairment will be measured as the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04We also eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. As permitted, we early adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017.

~~Recently Issued Authoritative Guidance~~

~~Revenue Recognition~~ – In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The standard outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for entities to follow in accounting for revenue from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also includes new accounting principles related to the deferral and amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted by applying the provisions of the new standard on a retrospective basis to all periods presented in the financial statements or on a modified retrospective basis which would result in the recognition ofrecorded a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $3.0 billion decreasing our accumulated deficit due to reassessing the accounting treatment of our arrangement with Uniti and certain of its subsidiaries. The transaction with Uniti had been accounted for as a failed spin-leaseback financing arrangement for financial reporting purposes due to prohibited continuing involvement. Under ASU 2016-02, the previous forms of prohibited continuing involvement no longer preclude the application of spin-leaseback accounting to the contractual arrangement. As a result, we de-recognized the remaining net book value of assets initially transferred to Uniti of approximately $1.3 billion, recognized a right-of-use asset of approximately $3.9 billion equaling the adjusted Uniti liability, which decreased by $0.7 billion and recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $0.3 billion in accordance with the standard’s transition guidance as this arrangement is now accounted for as an operating lease.

We reassessed our accounting treatment for the December 2018 sale of certain fiber assets in Minnesota to Arvig Enterprises, Inc. accounted for as a financing transaction due to our continuing involvement. ASU 2016-02 no longer precluded partial sale recognition. As a result, we de-recognized $7.5 million of net book value for the portion of the fiber assets Windstream no longer controls and the related $41.5 million financing lease obligation. The difference between these amounts was recorded as an adjustment to our accumulated deficit. The remaining obligation of $4.3 million is included in other liabilities.

The following table presents the cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018:



(Millions)	December 31, 2018			ASU 2016-02 Adjustments			January 1, 2019
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other	$	159.7		$	(0.7	)	$	159.0
Net property, plant and equipment	$	4,920.9		$	(1,306.7	)	$	3,614.2
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	—		$	4,239.1		$	4,239.1
Other assets	$	94.0		$	(5.9	)	$	88.1
Liabilities
Current portion of long-term lease obligations	$	4,570.3		$	(4,570.3	)	$	—
Current portion of operating lease obligations	$	—		$	3,947.8		$	3,947.8
Other current liabilities	$	387.7		$	(15.4	)	$	372.3
Deferred income taxes	$	104.3		$	292.3		$	396.6
Operating lease obligations	$	—		$	317.2		$	317.2
Other liabilities	$	615.2		$	(58.8	)	$	556.4
Accumulated deficit	$	(3,205.3	)	$	3,013.0		$	(192.3	)

Due in part to recording the $3.0 billion cumulative effect adjustment to equity presented above and the resulting increase in the ~~year~~carrying value of ~~adoption. When issued, ASU 2014-09 was to be effective~~our reporting units, we recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $2.3 billion in the first quarter of 2019. See Note 5 for ~~annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption was not permitted.~~

In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year to December 15, 2017 for annual reporting periods beginning after that date, or January 1, 2018, for calendar year-end companies like Windstream. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016.

~~In 2016, the FASB issued the following updates~~additional information pertaining to the ~~revenue recognition guidance:~~goodwill impairment charge.

ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations.

ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing to provide more detailed guidance with respect to identifying performance obligations and accounting for licensing arrangements, including intellectual property licenses, royalties, license restrictions and renewals.

~~F-61~~F-64

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

The impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our 2019 consolidated statements of operations was as follows:



	Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Millions)	Under ASC 840			Effect of Adoption of ASU 2016-02			As reported
Costs and expenses
Cost of services	$	2,666.1		$	675.2		$	3,341.3
Depreciation and amortization	$	1,366.4		$	(298.2	)	$	1,068.2
Interest expense	$	778.8		$	(446.9	)	$	331.9
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	337.6		$	(17.6	)	$	320.0
Net (loss) income	$	(3,210.1	)	$	52.3		$	(3,157.8	)

As presented in the table above, the increase in cost of services was due to the recognition of annual straight-line expense attributable to the contractual arrangement with Uniti. The decrease in depreciation expense resulted from de-recognizing the remaining net book value of network assets transferred to Uniti and the decrease in interest expense was due to no longer accounting for the contractual arrangement with Uniti as a failed spin-leaseback financing arrangement.

As a result of the change in accounting for our arrangement with Uniti from a financing to an operating lease, our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 reflected a decrease in operating cash flows of $212.0 million attributable to no longer classifying a portion of the cash rental payments made to Uniti as a financing outflow as was the case for periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 as well as a reduction in reported cash paid for interest of $446.9 million.

See Note 7 for additional disclosures about the nature of our leases, including significant terms and conditions, total lease costs, maturity of lease liabilities and receivables reconciled to the consolidated balance sheet, weighted-average remaining lease term, weighted-average discount rate, cash paid for amounts and significant rights and obligations under leases that have not commenced.

Derivatives and Hedging - Change in Benchmark Interest Rate - In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. ~~2016-11, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and~~2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting to rescind several SEC Staff announcements that are codified in Topic 605: Revenue Recognition, including, among other items, guidance relating to accounting for consideration given by a vendor to a customer, as well as accounting for shipping and handling fees and freight services.

ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients to provide clarification to Topic 606 on how to assess collectability, present sales tax, treat noncash consideration, and account for completed and modified contracts at the time of transition. This guidance also clarifies that an entity retrospectively applying the guidance in Topic 606 is not required to disclose the effectInclusion of the ~~accounting change in the period of adoption.~~

ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers to provide additional clarification and guidance with respect to a number of issues including impairment testing for capitalized contract costs, losses on construction and production-type contracts, and disclosures of prior-period and remaining performance obligations.

~~The effective date and transition requirements for each of these amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09.~~

We will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective basis. We have established a cross-functional team to implement the standard and have identified and are in the process of implementing changes to our systems, processes and internal controls to meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements. We do not expect the effects of the standard on our consolidated statements of operations to be material. Primarily due to changes in the timing of recognition of certain installation services and discounts, promotional credits and price guarantees given to customers, we will recognize contract assets of approximately $15.0 million and contract liabilities of approximately $3.0 million in our consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the requirement to defer incremental contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, including sales commissions and installation costs, and recognize such costs over the contract period or expected customer life will result in the recognition of additional contract assets of approximately $30.0 million to $35.0 million in our consolidated balance sheets. Accordingly, we expect to record a cumulative effect adjustment, net of tax,Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a ~~credit to accumulated deficit~~Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes (“ASU 2018-16”).This standard adds the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate for purposes of ~~approximately $30.0 million to $35.0 million as of January 1, 2018.~~

~~Leases~~ ~~– In February 2016,~~applying hedge accounting. SOFR is the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require that virtually all lease arrangements that do not meet the criteria of a short-term lease be presented on the lessee’s balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and a lease liability equalpreferred alternative reference rate to the present value of the related future lease payments. The income statement impacts of the leases will depend on the nature of the leasing arrangement and will be similar to existing accounting for operating and capital leases. The new standard does not substantially change the accounting for lessors. The new standard will also require additional disclosures regarding an entity’s leasing arrangements and will be effective for the first interim reporting period within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, althoughLondon Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). As permitted, we early adoption is permitted. Lessees and lessors will be required to apply the new standard at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements in which they first apply the new guidance, using a modified retrospective transition method. We will adoptadopted ASU ~~2016-02~~2017-12 effective January 1, 2019 ~~and we are currently assessing the~~on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact ~~the new standard will have~~ on our consolidated financial statements.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses – In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). This standard ~~introduces~~introduced a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The estimate of expected credit losses ~~will require~~requires entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This new standard also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 iswas effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective transition method effective January 1, 2020. Upon adoption, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $1.8 million, net of tax, increasing our accumulated deficit.

Implementation Costs in Cloud Computing Arrangements - In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). This standard requires entities that are customers in cloud computing arrangements to defer implementation costs if they would be capitalized by the entity in software licensing arrangements under the internal-use software guidance. The service element of a hosting arrangement will continue to be expensed as incurred. The guidance was effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and ~~the guidance is to~~may be applied ~~using~~retrospectively or prospectively to implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We adopted ASU 2018-15 on a ~~modified retrospective transition approach. Early~~prospective basis effective January 1, 2020. The adoption ~~is permitted for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently assessing the timing~~ of ~~adoption and the~~this standard did not have a material impact ~~the new standard will have~~ on our consolidated financial statements.

~~F-62~~F-65

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Changes, Continued:

~~Statement~~Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information - During the second quarter of ~~Cash Flows~~ ~~–In August 2016,~~2019, we early adopted the SEC’s final rules that amended the financial statement disclosure requirements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities under Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X. The final rule simplified the disclosure requirements related to our registered unsecured debt securities and permitted the simplified disclosure to be included within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Recently Issued Authoritative Guidance

Income Taxes - In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. ~~2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows~~2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic ~~230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~740)-Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2016-15”). This standard provides guidance on how certain cash receipts and cash payments should be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows, including among others, debt prepayment and extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims and distributions received from equity method investees. The standard also clarifies that when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows and cannot be separated, classification will depend on the predominant source or use of the underlying cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018. Except for changing the classification of debt prepayment penalties and fees paid to lenders in conjunction with the early termination of long-term debt obligations from operating activities to financing activities, we do not expect this standard to have a significant impact on our consolidated statement of cash flows.

~~Definition of a Business~~ ~~– In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”~~2019-12”). The standard ~~clarifies the definition of a business when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted~~intends to simplify accounting for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. Under the new guidance an integrated set of activities must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contributeincome taxes by removing certain exceptions to the ability to create output to be considered a business. ASU 2017-01 provides a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present and removes the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. Although outputs are not required for an integrated set of activities to be a business, outputs generally are a key element of a business; therefore, the new guidance provides more stringent criteria for an integrated sets of activities without outputs. Furthermore, ASU 2017-01 narrows the definition of the term output so that it is consistent with how outputs are describedgeneral principles in Topic ~~606.~~740 and by amending existing guidance to improve consistent application in financial statements. ASU 2017-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. We will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018. Following adoption, we expect that fewer transactions will be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of businesses.

~~Presentation of Defined Benefit Retirement Costs~~ – In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017-07”). This standard changes the income statement presentation of defined benefit plan expense by requiring separation between operating expense (service cost component) and non-operating expense (all other components, including interest cost, amortization of prior service cost, actuarial gains and losses, curtailments and settlements). The operating expense component will be reported in the same income statement line item(s) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period while the non-operating components will be reported in other income and expense. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization as part of an asset such as inventory or property, plant and equipment. Retrospective application of the change in income statement presentation is required, while the change in capitalized benefit cost is to be applied prospectively. The ASU2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, ~~2017. We will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018. The impact of the retrospective adoption of this standard will result in a decrease to our consolidated operating loss of $2.9 million~~2020 and an increase to our consolidated operating income of $45.6 million with corresponding increases to other expense, net, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. There will be no change to our reported consolidated net loss for fiscal years 2017 and 2016. Following adoption, we expect the impact of only capitalizing service cost to be immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.

~~Hedging Activities~~ - In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This standard modifies hedge accounting to allow more hedging strategies to qualify for hedge accounting, amends presentation and disclosure requirements, and changes how entities assess effectiveness of their hedging transactions. ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal ~~years. Early~~years, which is January 1, 2021 for us, with early adoption is permitted. We ~~will early adopt this standard effective January 1, 2018. Following adoption, we expect~~are currently in the ~~impact~~process of evaluating the impacts of this ~~new~~ guidance ~~to be immaterial to~~on our consolidated financial ~~statements.~~statements and related income tax disclosures.

~~F-63~~

3. Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters:

Chapter 11 Filing

On February 15, 2019, Judge Jesse Furman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued findings of fact and conclusions of law in litigation relating to a noteholder’s allegations that our spin-off of certain assets in 2015 into a publicly-traded real estate investment trust resulted in one or more defaults of certain covenants under one of Windstream Services’ existing indentures. The findings resulted in a cross default under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit agreement governing its secured term and revolving loan obligations and remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti. In addition, the findings resulted in a cross-acceleration event of default under the indentures governing Windstream Services’ other series of secured and unsecured notes. As a result, all long-term debt and remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti were classified as current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

On February 25, 2019 (the “Petition Date”), Windstream Holdings and all of its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services (collectively, the “Debtors”), filed voluntary petitions (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases also constitutes an event of default under our debt agreements. Subject to certain specific exceptions under the Bankruptcy Code, the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases automatically stayed most judicial or administrative actions against the Debtors and efforts by creditors to collect on or otherwise exercise rights or remedies with respect to pre-petition claims. Absent an order from the Bankruptcy Court, substantially all of the Debtors’ pre-petition liabilities are subject to settlement under the Bankruptcy Code.

In general, as debtors-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code, we are authorized to continue to operate as an ongoing business, however, we may not engage in transactions outside the ordinary course of business without the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to first day motions filed with the Bankruptcy Court, the Bankruptcy Court authorized us to conduct our business activities in the ordinary course, including, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions of such orders, authorizing us to: obtain debtor-in-possession financing, pay certain employee wages and benefits, and pay certain vendors and suppliers in the ordinary course for most goods and services.

F-66

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

3. ~~Completion~~Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters, Continued:

Subject to certain exceptions, under the Bankruptcy Code, the Debtors may assume, assign, or reject certain executory contracts and unexpired leases subject to the approval of ~~Mergers~~the Bankruptcy Court and certain other conditions. Generally, the rejection of an executory contract or unexpired lease is treated as a pre-petition breach of such executory contract or unexpired lease and, subject to certain exceptions, relieves the Debtors from performing their future obligations under such executory contract or unexpired lease but entitles the contract counterparty or lessor to a pre-petition general unsecured claim for damages caused by such deemed breach. Generally, the assumption of an executory contract or unexpired lease requires the Debtors to cure existing monetary defaults under such executory contract or unexpired lease and provide adequate assurance of future performance. Accordingly, any description of an executory contract or unexpired lease with the Debtors discussed herein, including a quantification of the Debtors’ obligations under any such executory contract or unexpired lease, is qualified by any overriding rejection rights the Debtors have under the Bankruptcy Code.

Uniti Arrangement

The acceleration of the 2023 Notes resulted in an event of default under the contractual arrangement with Uniti but no default notice has been received. Upon an event of default, remedies available to Uniti include terminating the contractual arrangement and requiring us to transfer the business operations we conduct on the telecommunication network assets so terminated (with limited exceptions) to a successor party for fair market value pursuant to a process set forth in the contractual arrangement, dispossessing us from the telecommunication network assets, and/or collecting monetary damages for the breach (including payment acceleration), electing to leave the contractual arrangement in place and sue for payment and any other monetary damages, and seeking any and all other rights and remedies available under law or in equity. The exercise of such remedies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and liquidity. Uniti’s ability to exercise remedies under the contractual arrangement was stayed as of the date of the Chapter 11 petition filing.

In connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, the Debtors analyzed the arrangement with Uniti, and on July 25, 2019, the Debtors filed a complaint in the Bankruptcy Court seeking, among other things, to recharacterize the Uniti arrangement from a lease to a financing. The complaint contained additional claims that certain transfers from Windstream to Uniti were fraudulent transfers under the applicable Bankruptcy Code provisions, and finally, that Uniti was in breach of the arrangement by engaging in competitive behavior in violation of certain provisions in the arrangement. After engaging in a seven months-long mediation process with Uniti and its creditors regarding the litigation, that was overseen by the Honorable Judge Shelly C. Chapman, on March 2, 2020, Windstream announced an agreement in principle with Uniti to settle any and all claims and causes that were or could have been asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including seeking the recharacterization of the lease to a financing. Among the terms of the settlement, Uniti agreed to fund up to $1.75 billion in capital improvements to the network; pay Windstream $400 million payable in quarterly cash installments over five years, at an annual interest rate of 9.0 percent, which amount may be fully paid after one year, resulting in total cash payments ranging from $432 - $490 million; and purchase, for $40 million, certain Windstream-owned fiber assets, including certain fiber indefeasible rights of use (“IRU”) contracts with Windstream transferring to Uniti certain dark fiber IRU contracts. Uniti will also transfer to Windstream $244.5 million of proceeds from, and conditioned upon, the sale of Uniti’s common stock to certain first lien creditors of Windstream Services. Annual rental payments will be equal to the annual rent due under the existing master lease agreement. On the one-year anniversary of any growth capital improvements funded by Uniti, the annual base rent payable by Windstream will increase by an amount equal to 8.0 percent of such investment, subject to a 0.5 percent annual escalator.

In conjunction with the announcement, Windstream filed a motion seeking approval from the Bankruptcy Court of the proposed settlement, and a hearing on the motion was held on May 7-8, 2020, at which time the Bankruptcy Court approved the settlement with Uniti. The approved settlement is subject to certain regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including Uniti's receipt of satisfactory "true lease" and REIT opinions, which remain outstanding. Until all conditions are satisfied, there is no guarantee that the settlement with Uniti will be consummated.

F-67

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

3. Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters, Continued:

Plan Support Agreement

On March 2, 2020, the Debtors entered into a Plan Support Agreement (the “PSA”) with certain members of first lien lenders and noteholders, including the Debtors’ largest creditor, Elliott Investment Management L.P. (“Elliott”), and Uniti. The PSA contemplates the Debtors’ restructuring and recapitalization (the “Restructuring Transactions”), which will be implemented through a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization (the “Plan”). The PSA provided for, among other things: (1) reduction of Windstream’s existing funded debt by more than $4 billion upon emergence of the Chapter 11 Cases, (2) reduction of Windstream’s annual debt service obligations, and (3) access to exit financing consistent with terms set forth in the PSA. Pursuant to the PSA, participating parties agreed to, among other things, support the Restructuring Transactions and vote in favor of the Plan. The PSA, as amended, has support across the Debtors’ capital structure, and participating parties include 94 percent of first lien claims, 54 percent of second lien claims, 39 percent of unsecured notes claims, and 72 percent of holders of 6.375 percent Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Midwest Notes”).

On March 2, 2020, the Debtors publicly filed the PSA and accompanying plan term sheet (the “Plan Term Sheet”), outlining the terms of the reorganization, including funding an exit facility in an aggregate amount up to $3,250 million (the “New Exit Facility”) and backstop commitments from certain first lien creditors (the “Backstop Commitment Agreement”) related to a $750 million common equity rights offering upon the effective date (the “Rights Offering”). On March 13, 2020, the Debtors filed a motion to approve the Backstop Commitment Agreement, providing for a backstop premium equal to 8 percent of the $750 million committed amount payable in common stock (the “Backstop Premium”), which agreement was approved by the Bankruptcy Court at a hearing on May 8, 2020, subject to an adjustment, required by the Bankruptcy Court, that in the event that Windstream’s proposed plan of reorganization is not confirmed, the Backstop Premium shall be reduced to 4 percent, or $30 million. Among other items, the PSA is conditioned upon the consummation of the settlement with Uniti. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that the Debtors will consummate the PSA.

Plan of Reorganization

In order for the Debtors to emerge successfully from Chapter 11, the Debtors must obtain the required votes of creditors accepting a plan of reorganization as well as the Bankruptcy Court’s confirmation of such plan. A reorganization plan determines the rights and satisfaction of claims of various creditors and security holders and is subject to the ultimate outcome of negotiations and Bankruptcy Court decisions ongoing through the date on which the reorganization plan is confirmed.

On April 1, 2020, the Debtors filed a Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (“the Plan”) with the Bankruptcy Court. On the same date, the Debtors filed a Disclosure Statement relating to the Plan, along with a motion seeking approval of the Disclosure Statement. On May 6, 2020, an amended Disclosure Statement was filed with the Bankruptcy Court that included ranges of allowed claims by creditor classes. As of December 31, 2019, the Debtors have adjusted their recorded liabilities to amounts consistent with the estimates ranges specified in the Disclosure Statement. At a hearing held on May 8, 2020, the Disclosure Statement was approved by the Bankruptcy Court, allowing the Company to begin soliciting the requisite accepting votes in favor of the Plan. The Debtors retain the exclusive right to file the Plan through and including June 22, 2020, as well as the right to seek further extensions of such period up to the statutory maximum date of August 25, 2020. The Plan can be supplemented and revised based upon discussions with the Debtors’ creditors and other interested parties and in response to creditor claims and objections and the requirements of the Bankruptcy Code or the Bankruptcy Court. There can be no assurance that the Debtors will be able to secure requisite accepting votes for the Plan or that confirmation of the Plan by the Bankruptcy Court will occur.

On June 24, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court is scheduled to hold a confirmation hearing to consider the approval of the Debtors’ Plan. The Plan will be subject to usual and customary conditions to plan confirmation, including obtaining the requisite vote of creditors and approval of the Bankruptcy Court. The Plan memorializes the terms agreed to in the PSA and Plan Term Sheet, providing for, among other things:


a)	payment in full of debtor-in-possession financing obligations and administrative expense claims;

distribution to holders of first lien claims on a pro rata basis: (i) 100 percent of new common stock, subject to certain adjustments described in the Plan and dilution by the Backstop Premium, Rights Offering, and Management Incentive Program; (ii) cash in the amount equal to the sum of Exit Facility proceeds, flex proceeds, cash proceeds of the Rights Offering, and cash held by the Debtors; (iii) subscription rights; and (iv) first lien replacement loans, as applicable;


c)	$100 million in new loans arising under the New Exit Facility to holders of Midwest Notes;

F-68

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

3. Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters, Continued:


d)	certain cash distributions to holders of the second lien claims, unsecured notes claims, and other general unsecured claims against obligor Debtors, if those classes accept the plan;


e)	reinstatement or repayment of general unsecured claims against non-obligor Debtors; and


f)	the cancellation of existing equity interests in Windstream Holdings.

The Debtors have been in compliance with all milestones under the PSA, including (1) the milestones to file with the Bankruptcy Court the motion to approve the Uniti Settlement, the Backstop Commitment Agreement, and the motion to approve the Backstop Commitment Agreement, (2) the milestone to file with the Bankruptcy Court the Plan, Disclosure Statement, and motion to approve the Disclosure Statement, (3) the milestones, as extended, to achieve entry of the orders to approve the Backstop Commitment Agreement and Uniti Settlement, and (4) the milestone to achieve entry of the order approving the Disclosure Statement.

After the Bankruptcy Court’s approval of the order approving the Disclosure Statement on May 14, 2020, the remaining PSA milestones were extended to provide for a milestone of July 2, 2020 to confirm the Plan and September 30, 2020 to emerge from Chapter 11. The Debtors’ emergence from Chapter 11 is subject to, among other things, consummation of the Restructuring Transactions described above, certain regulatory approvals, and execution and implementation of the definitive documents contemplated by the Uniti Settlement. The Debtors expect to timely emerge from Chapter 11; however, there is no guarantee that we will consummate the Plan and emerge from Chapter 11.

Liabilities Subject to Compromise

Due to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases on February 25, 2019, the classification of pre-petition indebtedness is generally subject to compromise pursuant to a plan of reorganization, as further described in Note 1. Generally, actions to enforce or otherwise effect payment of pre-bankruptcy filing liabilities are stayed. Although payment of pre-petition claims generally is not permitted, the Bankruptcy Court granted the Debtors authority to pay certain pre-petition claims in designated categories and subject to certain terms and conditions. Thisrelief generally was designed to preserve the value of the Debtors’ businesses and assets. Among other things, the Bankruptcy Court authorized the Debtors to pay certain pre-petition claims relating to employee wages and benefits, taxes and critical vendors. The Debtors are paying and intend to pay undisputed post-petition liabilities in the ordinary course of business. In addition, the Debtors may reject certain pre-petition executory contracts and unexpired leases with respect to their operations with the approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Any damages resulting from the rejection of executory contracts and unexpired leases are treated as general unsecured claims.

Pre-petition liabilities that are subject to compromise are required to be reported at the amounts expected to be allowed, even if they may be settled for lesser amounts. The amounts currently classified as liabilities subject to compromise may be subject to future adjustments depending on Bankruptcy Court actions, further developments with respect to disputed claims, determinations of secured status of certain claims, the values of any collateral securing such claims, or other events. Any resulting changes in classification will be reflected in subsequent financial statements, as was the case for certain debt obligations of Windstream Services, which were reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise in the second quarter of 2019, as discussed below.

As further discussed in Note 6, “Debt,” our debtor-in-possession facilities have priority over all the other debt obligations of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries. Both the March 2020 PSA and the Plan indicated that all debt obligations of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries were impaired, except for the debtor-in-possession facilities. Based on the expected treatment of the creditor classes included in the PSA and the Plan, which the Debtors believe to be the most relevant factor in determining the appropriate classification of its debt obligations as of the balance sheet date, debt obligations under the senior secured credit facility, senior first lien notes and bonds issued by Windstream Holdings of the Midwest, Inc. (“Midwest Bonds”) were classified as liabilities subject to compromise during the second quarter of 2019. All unamortized debt issuance costs and original net discount related to these debt obligations were written-off and charged to reorganization items, net during second quarter of 2019. The senior secured second lien notes and unsecured senior notes, which were undercollateralized as of the Petition Date, had been classified as liabilities subject to compromise in the first quarter of 2019. Accordingly, all debt obligations, except for the debtor-in-possession facilities, have been classified as liabilities subject to compromise in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

F-69

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

3. Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters, Continued:

As also discussed in Note 6, “Debt,” adequate protection payment was granted by the Bankruptcy Court to holders of debt obligations under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility and to holders of the senior first lien notes and Midwest Bonds. The Debtors have concluded that such payments do not represent the reduction of principal because the allowed claim for the associated secured debt included in the Disclosure Statement agreed to the outstanding principal balance as of June 30, 2019 and the Bankruptcy Court has not taken any action to date to recharacterize the adequate protection payments as principal reduction. Accordingly, all such adequate protection payments remitted subsequent to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases have been classified as interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Disclosure Statement is subject to amendment and, accordingly, there can be no assurance that the treatment of the adequate protection payments will not change.

Liabilities subject to compromise at December 31, 2019 consisted of the following:



(Millions)
Accounts payable	$	335.7
Advance payments	6.6
Accrued taxes	24.5
Other current liabilities	97.1
Deferred taxes	72.6
Operating lease liabilities	4,040.7
Pension and other employee benefit plan obligations	314.0
Other liabilities	200.7
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities	5,091.9
Debt subject to compromise	5,599.3
Accrued interest on debt subject to compromise	28.9
Long-term debt and accrued interest	5,628.2
Total liabilities subject to compromise	$	10,720.1

Determination of the value at which liabilities will ultimately be settled cannot be made until the Bankruptcy Court approves the Plan. We will continue to evaluate the amount and classification of our pre-petition liabilities.

Potential Claims

On May 10, 2019, the Debtors filed with the Bankruptcy Court schedules and statements setting forth, among other things, the assets and liabilities of each of the Debtors, subject to the assumptions filed in connection therewith. These schedules and statements may be subject to further amendment or modification after filing. Certain holders of pre-petition claims that were not governmental entities were required to file proofs of claim by the deadline for general claims, which was on July 15, 2019 (the “Bar Date”). The governmental bar date was August 26, 2019.

As of May 15, 2020, the Debtors have received approximately 8,250 proofs of claim for an amount of approximately $16.5 billion. Such amount includes duplicate claims across multiple debtor legal entities. These claims will continue to be reconciled to amounts recorded in liabilities subject to compromise in the consolidated balance sheet. Differences in amounts recorded and claims filed by creditors continue to be investigated and resolved, including through the filing of objections with the Bankruptcy Court, where appropriate. The Debtors may ask the Bankruptcy Court to disallow claims that the Debtors believe are duplicative, have been later amended or superseded, are without merit, are overstated or should be disallowed for other reasons. In addition, as a result of this process, the Debtors may identify additional liabilities that will need to be recorded or reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise. In light of the substantial number of claims filed, and expected to be filed, the claims resolution process may take considerable time to complete and likely will continue after the Debtors emerge from bankruptcy.

F-70

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

3. Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters, Continued:

Reorganization Items

The Debtors have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs associated with the reorganization, primarily legal and professional fees. Subsequent to the Petition Date, these costs are being expensed as incurred and are expected to significantly affect our consolidated results of operations. Reorganization items incurred as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases presented separately in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 were as follows:



(Millions)
Write-off of deferred long-term debt issuance costs	$	54.8
Write-off of original issue net discount on debt subject to compromise	27.1
Debtor-in-possession financing costs	43.4
Professional fees and other bankruptcy related costs	139.2
Provision for estimated damages on rejected executory contracts	29.3
Gain on write-off of net lease liabilities for rejected leases	(17.7		)
Gain on vendor settlements of liabilities subject to compromise	(15.5		)
Reorganization items, net	$	260.6

Professional fees included in reorganization items, net represent fees for post-petition expenses related to the Chapter 11 Cases. The write-offs of deferred long-term debt issuance costs and original issue net discount relate to debt classified as liabilities subject to compromise. Included in debtor-in-possession financing costs were fees of $16.9 million that were netted against the $500.0 million proceeds received from issuance of the DIP Facility.

4. Acquisitions:

Completed in 2018

American Telephone Company

On August 31, 2018, Windstream Holdings completed its acquisition of American Telephone Company, LLC (“ATC”), a reseller of a broad range of voice and data communications services to businesses mainly headquartered in the greater New York metropolitan area, for cash consideration of approximately $10.0 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets acquired was assigned to customer list of $7.0 million and goodwill of $3.6 million. All of the goodwill recorded in this acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes. The results of ATC’s operations were not material to our consolidated results of operations, and accordingly, no pro forma financial information has been presented.

MASS Communications

On March 27, 2018, Windstream Holdings acquired MASS Communications (“MASS”), a privately held telecommunications network management company focused on providing custom engineered voice, data and networking solutions to small and mid-sized global enterprises in the financial, legal, healthcare, technology, education and government sectors for cash consideration of approximately $37.1 million, net of cash acquired, and included $2.5 million of expected earn-out payments which were subsequently paid to the sellers. The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method and accordingly, the cost of the acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. In allocating the purchase price, we recorded approximately $1.3 million of tangible assets, consisting primarily of accounts receivable, $10.0 million associated with a customer list intangible asset, $4.2 million of trade accounts payable and other current liabilities, $1.5 million of deferred income tax liabilities, and $31.5 million of goodwill. Goodwill associated with this acquisition was primarily attributable to the MASS workforce and expected synergies. None of the goodwill recorded in this acquisition was deductible for income tax purposes. The results of MASS’ operations were not material to our consolidated results of operations, and accordingly, no pro forma financial information has been presented.

F-71

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

4. Acquisitions, Continued:

Completed in 2017

Broadview Network Holdings, Inc.

On July 28, 2017, Windstream Holdings completed its merger with Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. (“Broadview”), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Broadview Merger Agreement”) dated April 12, 2017, whereby Broadview merged into Beethoven Merger Subsidiary, Inc., with Broadview surviving as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, and changing its name to Windstream BV Holdings, Inc. Broadview iswas a leading provider of cloud-based unified communications solutions to small and medium-sized businesses and ~~offers~~offered a broad suite of cloud-based ~~services, which will improve our competitiveness and ability to provide enhanced services to business customers.~~services. Upon completion of the merger, Windstream added approximately 20,000 small and medium-sized business customers and approximately 3,000 incremental route fiber miles. Pursuant to the terms of the Broadview Merger Agreement, each share of Broadview’s common stock, par value $.01 per share that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger was automatically converted into the right to receive cash consideration of $6.98 per share. In completing the merger, Windstream Services paid $69.8 million in cash to Broadview shareholders and assumed $160.2 million of Broadview’s short-term debt obligations, which Windstream Services subsequently repaid using amounts available under its senior secured revolving credit ~~facility (see Note 6).~~facility. The transaction iswas valued at approximately $230.0 million.

We The acquisition was accounted for ~~the merger~~ using the acquisition method ~~of accounting~~ and accordingly, the cost of the acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the merger date. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we adjusted our preliminary purchase price allocation for changes in the estimated fair value of certain acquired tangible and intangible assets. These adjustments primarily resulted from new information about facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the acquisition. The adjustments included recording an asset of $2.6 million attributable to certain assumed operating lease obligations for which terms of the lease arrangement were favorable relative to market rates as of the acquisition date and a decrease of $12.0 million to the acquired customer lists intangible asset based on updates to the information applicable to the third-party valuations of these assets. The impact of these changes on rent expense and depreciation and amortization were not material to our consolidated results of operations. Based on additional information received and further analysis, we adjusted the purchase price allocation applicable to acquired net operating losses, resulting in a $9.7 million reduction in the valuation allowance associated with the net deferred tax assets acquired in the merger. Our initial purchase price allocation had yielded a net deferred tax asset which had been fully offset by a valuation allowance. In addition, we adjusted certain contingent liabilities and other reserves based on additional information received subsequent to the acquisition date. ~~The adjustments to the estimated fair values~~

Goodwill of ~~assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulted~~$120.6 million recognized in ~~an offsetting change to the amount of goodwill recorded from the transaction of $10.0 million.~~

The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary and subject to change based on the finalization of the third-party appraisals, valuation of property, plant and equipment and obtaining information currently not available to us, primarily related to the tax basis of assets acquired. Any changes to the initial estimates of the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed will be recorded as adjustments to those asset and liabilities with the offset charged to goodwill. Goodwill associated with this acquisition was primarily attributable to the Broadview workforce and expected synergies. As a result of past acquisitions completed by Broadview, approximately $10.8 million of goodwill recorded in the merger iswas expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

~~F-64~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~3. Completion of Mergers, Continued:~~

~~The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for Broadview.~~

(Millions)
Initial
Allocation
Adjustments
Preliminary
Allocation
Fair value of assets acquired:
Accounts receivable $ 19.7
$ (2.3 ) $ 17.4
Other current assets 7.7
(0.6 ) 7.1
Property, plant and equipment 37.1
—
37.1
Goodwill 111.3
10.0
121.3
Customer lists (a) 57.0
(12.0 ) 45.0
Trade names (b) 21.0
—
21.0
Developed technology (c) 10.0
—
10.0
Deferred income taxes —
9.7
9.7
Other assets 0.6
2.0
2.6
Total assets acquired 264.4
6.8
271.2
Fair value of liabilities assumed:
Short-term debt obligations 160.2
—
160.2
Other current liabilities 40.2
6.7
46.9
Other liabilities 0.7
0.1
0.8
Total liabilities assumed 201.1
6.8
207.9
Cash paid, net of cash acquired $ 63.3
$ —
$ 63.3


~~(a)~~	~~Customer lists are amortized using the sum-of-years digits methodology over a weighted average life of 10 years.~~


~~(b)~~	~~Trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 1~~ ~~and 10 years.~~


~~(c)~~	~~Internally developed technology is amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 5 years.~~

The preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm. The customer list was valued based on the present value of future cash flows and the trade names and developed technology were valued using the relief-from-royalty method, both of which are income approaches. Significant assumptions utilized in these income approaches were based on our specific information and projections, which are not observable in the market and are thus considered Level 3 measurements as defined by authoritative guidance. The fair value of Broadview’s short-term debt obligations, consisting of a revolving credit facility and 10.5 percent senior notes due November 15, 2017 (“Broadview 2017 Notes”), were based on redemption cost and quoted market prices, respectively.

The results of Broadview’s operations are included in our consolidated results of operations beginning on July 28, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our consolidated results of operations ~~include~~included revenues and sales of $119.9 million and operating income of $6.0 million attributable to Broadview. We incurred ~~$14.3 million of~~ merger and integration expenses during ~~year ended December 31,~~2019, 2018 and 2017 related to the completion of this acquisition (see Note ~~11)~~13). Pro forma financial information for Broadview has not been presented because the effects of this acquisition were not material to our consolidated results of operations.

~~F-65~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~3. Completion of Mergers, Continued:~~

EarthLink Holdings Corp.

On February 27, 2017, Windstream Holdings completed its merger with EarthLink Holdings Corp. (“EarthLink”), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) dated November 5, 2016, whereby EarthLink merged into Europa Merger Sub, Inc., an wholly-owned subsidiary of Windstream Services, LLC, and survived, and immediately following, merged with Europa Merger Sub, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Windstream Services, LLC, with Merger Sub surviving and changing its name to EarthLink Holdings, LLC (the “Merger”). EarthLink Holdings, LLC is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Windstream Services and provides data, voice and managed network services to retail and wholesale business customers and nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers. In the Merger, we added approximately 700,000 customers and approximately 16,000 incremental route fiber miles, which expanded our national footprint to approximately 150,000 fiber route miles and enhanced our ability to offer customers expanded products, services and enhanced enterprise solutions. We also expect to achieve operating expense and capital expenditure synergies in integrating the acquired operations. miles.

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, each share of EarthLink common stock was exchanged, on a post-reverse stock split basis, for ~~.818~~0.164 of Windstream Holdings common stock. No fractional shares were issued in the Merger, with a cash payment being made in lieu of fractional shares. Employee restricted stock units issued by EarthLink that were outstanding as of the merger date were exchanged for an equivalent number of Windstream Holdings restricted stock units based on the same exchange ratio of EarthLink common stock to Windstream Holdings common ~~stock of .818 per share.~~stock. The replacement restricted stock units remain subject to the vesting and other terms and conditions prescribed by the EarthLink equity plans that were assumed by us in the Merger. In the aggregate, on a post-reverse stock split basis, Windstream Holdings issued ~~87.8~~17.6 million shares of its common stock and ~~5.2~~1.0 million of replacement equity awards. Windstream also assumed $435.3 million aggregate principal amount of EarthLink’s long-term debt, which wewas refinanced, as further discussed in Note 6. The Merger ~~qualifies~~qualified as a tax-free reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes and iswas valued at approximately $1.1 billion.

We The acquisition was accounted for ~~the Merger~~ using the acquisition method ~~of accounting~~ and accordingly, the cost of the acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the ~~Merger~~acquisition date. During 2017, we adjusted the purchase price allocation based on additional information received subsequent to the Merger date. We adjusted our preliminary purchase price allocation to reduce total merger consideration by $4.3 million to update the portion of the fair value of replacement equity awards attributable to future vesting requirements. We also adjusted the estimated fair value of certain acquired tangible and intangible assets, primarily consisting of an increase of $11.6 million in property, plant and equipment and a decrease of $7.0 million to customer lists, based on updates to the information about facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the Merger applicable to the third-party valuations of these assets. The impact of these changes on depreciation and amortization was not material to our consolidated results of operations. Based on additional information received and further analysis, we adjusted the purchase price allocation applicable to acquired net operating losses, resulting in a $125.7 million reduction in the valuation allowance associated with the net deferred tax assets acquired in the Merger. Our initial purchase price allocation had yielded a net deferred tax asset which had been fully offset by a valuation allowance. In addition, we recorded adjustments to the assumed asset retirement obligations and certain contingent liabilities and other reserves based on the receipt of additional information about facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the Merger. The revisions to the merger consideration and estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulted in an offsetting decrease to goodwill of $128.4 million.

F-72

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

4. Acquisitions, Continued:

Goodwill ~~associated with~~of $348.3 million recognized in the Merger was primarily attributable to the EarthLink workforce and expected synergies. As a result of past acquisitions completed by EarthLink, approximately $54.8 million of goodwill recorded in the Merger ~~is expected to be~~was deductible for income tax purposes.

~~F-66~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~3. Completion of Mergers, Continued:~~

~~The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for EarthLink.~~

(Millions)
Preliminary
Allocation
Adjustments
Final
Allocation
Fair value of assets acquired:
Cash and other current assets $ 37.7
$ (3.5 ) $ 34.2
Accounts receivable 75.3
(1.5 ) 73.8
Property, plant and equipment 344.0
11.6
355.6
Goodwill 476.7
(128.4 ) 348.3
Customer lists (a) 275.0
(7.0 ) 268.0
Trade name, developed technology and software (b) 31.0
—
31.0
Deferred income taxes —
125.7
125.7
Other assets 0.3
0.9
1.2
Total assets acquired 1,240.0
(2.2 ) 1,237.8
Fair value of liabilities assumed:
Current liabilities 119.5
5.7
125.2
Long-term debt 449.1
—
449.1
Other liabilities 24.5
(3.6 ) 20.9
Total liabilities assumed 593.1
2.1
595.2
Common stock and replacement equity awards issued to EarthLink
shareholders (c)
$ 646.9
$ (4.3 ) $ 642.6


~~(a)~~	~~Customer lists are amortized using the sum-of-years digit methodology over a weighted average life of 5.5 years.~~


~~(b)~~	Trade name of $8.0 million is amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 7 years. Internally developed technology and software of $23.0 million are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 3 years.


~~(c)~~	~~Total merger consideration of $642.6 million consisted of $631.4 million related to shares issued to EarthLink shareholders and $11.2 million related to replacement equity awards.~~

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm using income, cost, and market approaches. The customer lists were valued based on the present value of future cash flows and the trade name was valued using the relief-from-royalty method, both of which are income approaches. Significant assumptions utilized in the income approach were based on our specific information and projections, which are not observable in the market and are thus considered Level 3 measurements as defined by authoritative guidance. The cost approach, which estimates value by determining the current cost of replacing an asset with another of equivalent economic utility, was used as appropriate for valuing internally developed technology and software and property, plant and equipment. The cost to replace a given asset reflects the estimated reproduction or replacement cost for the asset, less an allowance for loss in value due to depreciation. The fair value of the EarthLink credit facility was based on its redemption cost, while the remaining bonds were valued based on quoted market prices. Equity consideration was based on the opening price of our common stock on February 27, 2017. Consideration related to replacement restricted stock units was calculated based on the opening price of our common stock on February 27, 2017, net of the portion of the fair value attributable to future vesting requirements. The amount allocated to unearned compensation cost for awards subject to future service requirements was calculated based on the fair value of such awards at the acquisition date and will be recognized as compensation cost over the remaining future service period.

The results of EarthLink’s operations are included in our consolidated results of operations beginning on February 27, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our consolidated results of operations include revenues and sales of $751.1 million and operating loss of ~~$(61.0)~~$61.0 million attributable to EarthLink. We incurred $6.8 million, $15.5 million and $104.1 million of merger and integration expenses during the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to the completion of the Merger (see Note ~~11)~~13).

~~F-67~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~3. Completion of Mergers, Continued:~~

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations of Windstream for the ~~years~~year ended December 31, 2017 ~~and 2016~~ assume that the Merger occurred as of January 1, 2016:



(Millions)
Revenues and sales	$	6,002.4
Operating loss	$	(1,559.2	)
Net loss	$	(2,098.3	)
Loss per share		($57.27	)

Year Ended December 31,
(Millions) 2017
2016
Revenues and sales $ 6,002.4
$ 6,369.3
Operating (loss) income $ (1,562.1 ) $ 453.7
Net loss $ (2,098.3 ) $ (431.3 )
Loss per share
($11.45 )
($2.41 )

The pro forma information presents our historical results of operations adjusted to include EarthLink, with the results prior to the merger closing date adjusted to include the pro forma effect of the elimination of transactions between Windstream and EarthLink, the adjustment to revenues and sales to change EarthLink’s reporting of USF fees billed to customers and the related payments from a net basis to a gross basis to conform to Windstream’s reporting of such customer billings, the adjustment to depreciation and amortization expense associated with the estimated acquired fair value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the adjustment to interest expense to reflect the refinancing of EarthLink’s long-term debt obligations, the impact of merger expenses related to the acquisition and the related income tax effects of the pro forma adjustments.

The pro forma results are presented for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect either the realization of potential cost savings or any additional integration costs. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results that would have been obtained if the Merger had occurred as of the date indicated, nor do the pro forma results intend to be a projection of results that may be obtained in the future.

4.5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets:

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired through various business combinations. The cost of acquired entities at the date of the acquisition is allocated to identifiable assets and liabilities, and the excess of the total purchase price over the amounts assigned to net identifiable assets has been recorded as goodwill.

~~Our market capitalization~~As previously discussed in Note 2, effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the new leasing standard and ~~fair value~~changed the accounting treatment for our arrangement with Uniti from a financing to an operating lease, the effects of ~~Windstream Services’ long-term debt have been depressed commencing~~which resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment to equity of approximately $3.0 billion and a corresponding increase in the ~~third quarter of 2017 and continuing through year-end. Valuation~~carrying values of our ~~equity and long-term debt have been adversely impacted by market reaction to the elimination~~reporting units as of ~~our quarterly common stock dividend announced in the third quarter of 2017; an alleged default under our debt covenants by a hedge fund, as~~that date. As further discussed in Note 6; and the overall decline in equity prices of other companies operating in our market sector. We considered the declines in the valuation of our equity and long-term debt during the third quarter and concluded that an impairment trigger had not occurred because, among other qualitative factors, our operating results were substantially in-line with our internal 2017 forecast and analyst expectations, as well as the belief, at that time, the declines in our market capitalization and fair value of our long-term debt was temporary.

We operate in a highly-competitive environment and have experienced declining service revenues and customer losses due to recent 2017 developments including cable expansion and increased broadband speeds available from cable companies and other service providers. As a result,2, on February 25, 2019, we ~~expect increased competition~~filed voluntary petitions for customers in our primary operating markets from new and existing market participants, which may limit our ability to fully monetize our previously expected future growth from our 2016 and 2017 capital investments in high-speed service offerings and extensive fiber-optic network.

We assessed these factors as part of our annual strategic financial planning process, which is conducted in the fourth quarter of each year, and as a result, we significantly revised our long-range financial forecast during the fourth quarter of 2017. Changes to our long range forecast for future periods included: (1) increasing our forecasted revenue and profitability levels in our Enterprise business reflecting a fourth quarter change in our long-term strategy to differentiate ourselves in a rapidly evolving marketplace by leveraging our cloud-based unified communications products and platforms combined with a continued focus on decreasing interconnection expense; (2) lowering our forecasted revenue and profitability levels for our ILEC consumer and small business operations due to the recent and expected on-going effects of competition, lower than expected returns on our recent capital investments, less than expected opportunities to upsell higher speeds to existing customers, and the impacts of implementing a new customer acquisition strategy in the fourth quarter of 2017 of offering new low introductory pricing designed to attract new customers; and (3) reducing our forecasted revenue and profitability levels for our wholesale business due to greater than expected

~~F-68~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Continued:~~

pricing pressures on our legacy service offerings, as well as lower incremental returns on future capital expenditures needed to support the business. As described in Notes 2 and 15, during the fourth quarter of 2017, we implemented a new business unit organizational structure resulting in a change in our reportable operating segments and reporting units. Except for the allocation of all revenues, sales and related expenses that were previously not assigned to the segments (these amounts were historically assigned to each reporting unit for the purposes of determining each reporting unit’s fair value in conjunction with the goodwill impairment test), and the inclusionreorganization under Chapter 11 of the Small Business portion of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit into the Enterprise reporting unit, the reorganization did not significantly change the composition of our Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units with respect to customers, products and service offerings and methods of service delivery. Accordingly,Bankruptcy Code. Based on these developments, we did not change the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting units from December 31, 2016. We did incrementally add to the Enterprise, Wholesale and Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting units the goodwill attributable to the EarthLink and Broadview acquisitions. As a result of combining the Small Business CLEC portion of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC segment into Enterprise and separating Consumer CLEC into its own segment, we allocated the goodwill of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit on a relative fair value basis between the Enterprise and Consumer CLEC reporting units. We also confirmed, immediately before the reorganization and reallocation of goodwill, that an impairment did not exist in the Consumer and Small Business CLEC and Enterprise reporting units. We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test asduring the first quarter of ~~our annual measurement date of November 1, 2017.~~

~~We utilized a one-step quantitative approach that~~2019 and compared the fair value to the carrying value offor each of our ~~four~~three reporting units, consisting of Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise ~~Wholesale~~ and ~~Consumer CLEC.~~ Wholesale.

F-73

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Continued:

We estimated the fair value of our three reporting units using an income approach. The income approach is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value, which represents the expected normalized cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period of five years. We discounted the estimated cash flows for each of the reporting units using a rate that represents a market participant’s weighted average cost of capital commensurate with the reporting unit’s underlying business operations. Due to the additional risks and uncertainties to our business operations following the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, during the first quarter of 2019, we revised our long-range financial forecasts for each of our reporting units from the long-range forecasts used in our most recently completed annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 1, 2018. Changes to our long range forecast for 2019 and future periods primarily included: (1) slightly lowering our forecasted revenue and profitability levels for our consumer and small business operations to account for the potential impacts of the Chapter 11 Cases on customer churn, as well as revising the incremental effects from pricing strategies designed to improve revenue trends; (2) lowering our forecasted revenue and profitability levels in our enterprise business to account for the potential impacts of the Chapter 11 Cases on our ability to attract new customers and minimize customer churn, revising the incremental effects of pricing strategies to improve revenue trends, and lowering expected improvements in our cost structure due to increased uncertainty in completing various planned initiatives that are dependent on support from key vendors; and (3) reducing our forecasted revenue and profitability levels for our wholesale business to account for the potential impacts of the Chapter 11 Cases by revising the incremental effects from monetizing unused or underutilized fiber assets, revising the incremental effects of pricing pressures on our legacy service offerings and lowering incremental improvements in our cost structure for various planned initiatives that are dependent on support from key vendors.

The results of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying values of our Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units exceeded their fair values. Accordingly, during the first quarter of 2019, we recorded an impairment of all remaining goodwill in our Consumer & Small Business reporting unit of ~~$1,417.8~~$903.4 million, an impairment of all remaining goodwill in our Enterprise reporting unit of $996.2 million, and an impairment of goodwill in our Wholesale reporting unit of ~~$423.0~~$439.4 million, representing the excess of the carrying value from each reporting unit’s fair value.

As further described in Note 18, effective April 1, 2019, we implemented a new business unit organizational structure resulting in a change in our reportable operating segments and reporting units and reallocated the remaining goodwill of the former Wholesale reporting unit on a relative fair value to our new Kinetic, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units. We also confirmed, immediately before the reorganization and reallocation of goodwill, that no further impairment existed in the former Wholesale reporting unit. We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of April 1, 2019, which compared for each reporting unit its fair value to its carrying value. We estimated the fair value of our new reporting units using an income approach based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value, which represents the expected normalized cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period of five years. We discounted the estimated cash flows for each of the reporting units using a rate that represents a market participant’s weighted average cost of capital commensurate with the reporting unit’s underlying business operations.

The results of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying values of our Kinetic and Enterprise reporting units exceeded their fair values. Accordingly, during the second quarter of 2019, we recorded an impairment of all goodwill allocated to our Kinetic reporting unit of $254.3 million and an impairment of all goodwill allocated to our Enterprise reporting unit of $119.0 million, representing the excess of the carrying value from each reporting unit’s fair value. The fair ~~values~~value of the ~~Enterprise~~Wholesale reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and ~~Consumer CLEC significantly exceeded their respective carrying values and were~~was not at risk of ~~impairment.~~a goodwill impairment at this time.

~~Changes in~~As of November 1, 2019, we performed a qualitative assessment of the remaining goodwill balance related to our Wholesale reporting unit and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s Wholesale reporting unit was at least equal to its carrying ~~amount~~value.

We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of our annual measurement date of November 1, 2018. As of that date, we had 4 reporting units consisting of Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise, Wholesale and Consumer CLEC, which is consistent with how we defined our 4 reportable operating segments. We estimated the fair value of our Consumer & Small Business, Enterprise and Wholesale reporting units using an income approach based on the present value of the projected cash flows and a terminal value for each reporting unit. For the Consumer CLEC reporting unit, we estimated fair value based on the gross cash proceeds received from the subsequent sale of these operations due to the close proximity of the sale date of December 31, 2018 to our assessment date of November 1, 2018. Based on the results of our quantitative analysis, we determined that 0 goodwill ~~were~~impairment existed as ~~follows:~~of November 1, 2018.

F-74

(Millions)

Balance at December 31, 2016 and 2015 $ 4,213.6
Acquisitions completed during the period:
Broadview 121.3
EarthLink 348.3
Goodwill impairment (1,840.8 )
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 2,842.4

~~F-69~~

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

4.5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Continued:

Goodwill assigned to our operating segments and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment were as follows:



(Millions)	Kinetic			Consumer & Small Business			Enterprise			Wholesale			Consumer CLEC			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017:
Goodwill	$	—		$	2,321.2		$	961.8		$	1,297.1		$	103.1		$	4,683.2
Accumulated impairment loss	—			(1,417.8		)	—			(423.0		)	—			(1,840.8		)
Balance at December 31, 2017, net	—			903.4			961.8			874.1			103.1			2,842.4
Changes during the period:
Broadview measurement period	—			—			(0.7		)	—			—			(0.7		)
MASS acquisition	—			—			31.5			—			—			31.5
ATC acquisition	—			—			3.6			—			—			3.6
Disposition of consumer CLEC business	—			—			—			—			(103.1		)	(103.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2018:
Goodwill	—			2,321.2			996.2			1,297.1			—			4,614.5
Accumulated impairment loss	—			(1,417.8		)	—			(423.0		)	—			(1,840.8		)
Balance at December 31, 2018, net	—			903.4			996.2			874.1			—			2,773.7
Changes during the period:
Reallocation adjustment	254.3			—			119.0			(373.3		)	—			—
Goodwill impairment	(254.3		)	(903.4		)	(1,115.2		)	(439.4		)	—			(2,712.3		)
Balance at December 31, 2019:
Goodwill	254.3			2,321.2			1,115.2			923.8			—			4,614.5
Accumulated impairment loss	(254.3		)	(2,321.2		)	(1,115.2		)	(862.4		)	—			(4,553.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2019, net	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	61.4		$	—		$	61.4

Indefinite-lived intangible assets were as follows:

(Millions)
Consumer
& Small Business
Enterprise Wholesale
Consumer
and Small Business CLEC (a)
Consumer CLEC Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
and 2015
$ 2,321.2
$ 598.0
$ 1,176.4
$ 118.0
$ —
$ 4,213.6
Acquisitions completed during the
period:

Broadview —
10.7
—
110.6
—
121.3
EarthLink —
116.1
120.7
111.5
—
348.3
Reallocation adjustment (b) —
237.0
—
(340.1 ) 103.1
—
Goodwill impairment (1,417.8 ) —
(423.0 ) —
—
(1,840.8 )
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 903.4
$ 961.8
$ 874.1
$ —
$ 103.1
$ 2,842.4



(Millions)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
FCC Spectrum licenses	$	26.6	$	—


~~(a)~~	~~Prior to the acquisition of EarthLink, this segment was called Small Business CLEC.~~


~~(b)~~	~~Represents adjustment to reallocate goodwill of the former Consumer and Small Business CLEC reporting unit to the Enterprise and Consumer CLEC reporting units, using a relative fair value basis.~~

~~Intangible~~Other intangible assets subject to amortization were as follows at December 31:



	2019							2018
(Millions)	Gross Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Franchise rights	$	1,285.1	$	(457.4	)	$	827.7	$	1,285.1	$	(414.6	)	$	870.5
Customer lists	1,758.5		(1,568.6		)	189.9		1,758.5		(1,450.4		)	308.1
Cable franchise rights	11.6		(7.8		)	3.8		17.3		(10.3		)	7.0
Trade names	21.0		(5.9		)	15.1		21.0		(3.9		)	17.1
Developed technology and software	18.0		(12.4		)	5.6		18.0		(7.7		)	10.3
Patents	10.6		(10.6		)	—		10.6		(10.5		)	0.1
Balance	$	3,104.8	$	(2,062.7	)	$	1,042.1	$	3,110.5	$	(1,897.4	)	$	1,213.1

F-75

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

2017 2016
(Millions)
Gross
Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Carrying
Value

Gross
Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Carrying
Value
Franchise rights $ 1,285.1
$ (371.8 ) $ 913.3
$ 1,285.1
$ (328.9 ) $ 956.2
Customer lists 2,104.6
(1,626.6 ) 478.0
1,791.7
(1,442.4 ) 349.3
Cable franchise rights 17.3
(9.1 ) 8.2
17.3
(8.0 ) 9.3
Trade names 29.0
(2.2 ) 26.8
—
—
—
Developed technology and
software
33.0
(7.1 ) 25.9
—
—
—
Patents 10.6
(8.4 ) 2.2
10.6
(4.9 ) 5.7
Balance $ 3,479.6
$ (2,025.2 ) $ 1,454.4
$ 3,104.7
$ (1,784.2 ) $ 1,320.5

5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Continued:

Intangible asset amortization methodology and useful lives were as follows as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:



Intangible Assets	Amortization Methodology	Estimated Useful Life
Franchise rights	straight-line	30 years
Customer lists	sum of years digits	5.5 - 15 years
Cable franchise rights	straight-line	15 years
Trade names	straight-line	1 - 10 years
Developed technology and software	straight-line	3 - 5 years
Patents	straight-line	3 years

~~F-70~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Continued:~~

Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was $171.0 million, $225.8 million and $241.0 million ~~$185.2 million~~in 2019, 2018 and ~~$220.2 million in~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was estimated to be as follows for each of the years ended December 31:


Year	(Millions)		(Millions)
2018	$	222.9
2019	179.3
2020	138.6		$	133.5
2021	103.5		100.8
2022	72.2		71.0
2023			58.6
2024			53.5
Thereafter	737.9		624.7
Total	$	1,454.4	$	1,042.1

~~5. Spin-off of Certain Network and Real Estate Assets:~~

~~Description of Spin-off Transaction~~ ~~- On April 24, 2015, we completed the spin-off of certain telecommunications network~~No other long-lived assets ~~and substantially all of~~including our ~~consumer CLEC business to Uniti, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The telecommunications network~~other intangible assets transferred to Uniti consisted of copper cable and fiber optic cable lines, telephone poles, underground conduits, concrete pads, attachment hardware (e.g., bolts and lashings), pedestals, guy wires, anchors, signal repeaters, and central office land and buildings, with a net book value of approximately $2.5 billion at the time of spin-off. We requested and received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service on the qualification of the spin-off as a tax-free transaction and the designation of the telecommunications network assets as real estate. As further discussed in Note 6, following the spin-off, Windstream entered into an agreement to lease back the telecommunications network assets from Uniti.

Pursuant to the plan of distribution and immediately prior to the effective time of the spin-off, we contributed the telecommunications network assets and the consumer CLEC business to Uniti, a wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream, in exchange for: (i) the issuance to Windstream of Uniti common stock of which 80.4 percent of the shares were distributed on a pro rata basis to Windstream’s stockholders, (ii) cash payment to Windstream in the amount of $1.035 billion and (iii) the distribution by Uniti to Windstream of approximately $2.5 billion of Uniti debt securities. After giving effect to the interest in Uniti retained by Windstream, each Windstream Holdings shareholder received one share of Uniti for every five shares of Windstream Holdings common stock in the form of a tax-free dividend. No fractional shares were distributed in connection with the spin-off, with a cash payment being made in lieu of any fractional shares.

In connection with the spin-off transaction, Windstream entered into an exchange agreement two investment banks and Uniti. Pursuant to the terms of the exchange agreement, Windstream agreed to transfer the Uniti debt securities and cash to the investment banks, in exchange for the transfer by the investment banks to Windstream of certain debt securities of Windstream Services consisting of $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of term loans outstanding under Windstream Services’ senior credit facility and $752.2 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under the revolving line of credit held by the investment banks. On April 24, 2015, following the completion of the spin-off transaction, Windstream and the investment banks completed the exchange of debt securities pursuant to the terms of the exchange agreement. Windstream incurred approximately $35.4 million of costs in completing the debt-for-debt exchange. In conjunction with the retirement of debt, Windstream Services terminated seven of its ten interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges of the variable cash flows paid on its senior secured credit facility. Windstream Services paid $22.7 million to terminate the interest rate swaps.

For employees and directors remaining with Windstream, restricted stock awarded pursuant to our equity incentive plans and held by employees and directors at the time of the distribution represented the right to receive shares of Windstream Holdings’ common stock. In addition, the holders of these restricted shares received restricted shares of Uniti common stock equivalent to the number of shares of Uniti common stock that was received with respect to each share of unrestricted Windstream Holdings’ common stock at the time of the distribution. The existing Windstream Holdings’ restricted stock and newly issued Uniti restricted stock remained subject to vesting and other terms and conditions as prescribed by our equity incentive plans. The number of Windstream Holdings’ shares underlying any outstanding stock options and the related per share exercise price were adjusted to maintain both the aggregate fair market value of stock underlying the stock options and the relationship between the per share exercise price and the related per share market value, pursuant to the terms of the applicable Windstream Holdings’ equity incentive plans and taking into account the change in the market value of Windstream Holdings’ common stockimpaired as a result of the ~~distribution.~~

~~F-71~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~5. Spin-off of Certain Network and Real Estate Assets, Continued:~~

~~Transactions Involving Retained Investment in Uniti Common Stock~~ ~~- Excluding restricted shares held by Windstream employees and directors, Windstream Services retained a passive ownership interest in approximately 19.6 percent~~adoption of the ~~common stock of Uniti as~~new leasing standard, filing of the ~~spin-off date. The retained Uniti shares were classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported~~Chapter 11 Cases, or change in accumulated other comprehensive income. No deferred income taxes were recorded with respect to the unrealized gains and losses due to the tax-free qualification of the spin-off. During the first quarter of 2016, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $181.9 million for the difference between the fair value of the Uniti common stock as of March 31, 2016 and our cost basis, which had been based on the market value of the shares on the date of spin-off. We recorded the other-than-temporarily impairment due to the duration in which the Uniti shares had traded at a market price below our initial cost basis. Following the recognition of the other-than-temporary impairment loss, the cost basis of the Uniti shares was adjusted to equal the March 31, 2016 market value of $653.8 million. Subsequent changes in the market value of the Uniti shares were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. In June 2016, Windstream Services disposed of all of its shares of Uniti common stock through the completion of two debt-for-equity exchanges, pursuant to which Windstream Services transferred the Uniti shares to its bank creditors in exchange for the retirement of $672.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its revolving line of credit and to satisfy transaction-related expenses. Net of expenses, Windstream Services recognized a net gain on disposal of $15.2 million in 2016. Unrealized gains related to the Uniti common stock at the time of consummating the debt-for-equity exchanges were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income and included in the determination of the net gain on disposal.operating segments.

6. ~~Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations:~~Debt:

Windstream Holdings has no debt obligations. All debt, including the senior secured credit facility described below, have been incurred by Windstream Services and its subsidiaries. Windstream Holdings is neither a guarantor of nor subject to the restrictive covenants imposed by such debt.

~~Long-term~~Event of Default and Chapter 11 Cases –As further discussed in Notes 3 and 17, on February 15, 2019, Judge Furman found that Windstream Services had defaulted under the indenture governing the August 2023 Notes, which resulted in the acceleration of the August 2023 Notes and a cross default under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit agreement governing its secured term and revolving line of credit obligations, as well as the remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti. In addition, the acceleration of the August 2023 Notes resulted in a cross-acceleration event of default under the indentures governing Windstream Services’ other series of secured and unsecured notes. As a result, all long-term debt and remaining obligations under the contractual arrangement with Uniti were classified as current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

On February 25, 2019, Windstream Holdings and all of its subsidiaries, including Windstream Services, filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. The filing of the Chapter 11 Cases also constituted an event of default under our debt agreements. Due to the Chapter 11 Cases, however, our creditors’ ability to exercise remedies under our debt agreements were stayed as of the date of the Chapter 11 petition filing. In general, as debtors-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code, we are authorized to continue to operate as an ongoing business, but may not engage in transactions outside the ordinary course of business without the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to orders entered by the Bankruptcy Court after the second day motion hearing, the Bankruptcy Court authorized us to conduct our business activities in the ordinary course.

F-76

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. Debt, Continued:

Debt was as follows at December 31:



(Millions)	2019			2018
Issued by Windstream Services:
Superpriority debtor-in-possession term loan facility	$	500.0		$	—
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche B6 – variable rates, due March 29, 2021 (a)	1,180.5			1,180.5
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche B7 – variable rates, due February 17, 2024	568.4			568.4
Senior secured credit facility, Revolving line of credit – variable rates, due April 24, 2020 (b)	802.0			1,017.0
Senior First Lien Notes – 8.625%, due October 31, 2025 (c) (f)	600.0			600.0
Senior Second Lien Notes – 10.500%, due June 30, 2024 (d) (f) (h)	414.9			414.9
Senior Second Lien Notes – 9.000%, due June 30, 2025 (d) (f) (h)	802.0			802.0
Debentures and notes, without collateral:
2020 Notes – 7.750%, due October 15, 2020 (f) (h)	78.1			78.1
2021 Notes – 7.750%, due October 1, 2021 (f) (h)	70.1			70.1
2022 Notes – 7.500%, due June 1, 2022 (f) (h)	36.2			36.2
2023 Notes – 7.500%, due April 1, 2023 (f) (h)	34.4			34.4
2023 Notes – 6.375%, due August 1, 2023 (f) (h)	806.9			806.9
2024 Notes – 8.750%, due December 15, 2024 (f) (h)	105.8			105.8
Issued by subsidiaries of Windstream Services:
Windstream Holdings of the Midwest, Inc. – 6.75%, due April 1, 2028 (e)	100.0			100.0
Net discount on long-term debt (g)	—			(28.6		)
Unamortized debt issuance costs (g)	—			(57.6		)
Debt prior to reclassification to liabilities subject to compromise	6,099.3			5,728.1
Less current portion	(500.0		)	(5,728.1		)
Less amounts reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise	(5,599.3		)	—
Total long-term debt	$	—		$	—
Weighted average interest rate	8.4		%	7.1		%

(Millions) 2017
2016
Issued by Windstream Services:
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche B5 – variable rates, due August 8, 2019 $ —
$ 572.3
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche B6 – variable rates, due March 29, 2021 (a) 1,192.6
894.8
Senior secured credit facility, Tranche B7 – variable rates, due February 17, 2024 574.2
—
Senior secured credit facility, Revolving line of credit – variable rates, due
April 24, 2020 775.0
475.0
Debentures and notes, without collateral:
2020 Notes – 7.750%, due October 15, 2020 492.9
700.0
2021 Notes – 7.750%, due October 1, 2021 88.9
809.3
2022 Notes – 7.500%, due June 1, 2022 41.6
441.2
2023 Notes – 7.500%, due April 1, 2023 120.4
343.5
2023 Notes – 6.375%, due August 1, 2023 1,147.6
585.7
2024 Notes – 8.750%, due December 15, 2024 834.3
—
2025 Notes – 8.625%, due October 31, 2025 600.0
—
Issued by subsidiaries of the Company:
Windstream Holdings of the Midwest, Inc. – 6.75%, due April 1, 2028 (b) 100.0
100.0
Net (discount) premium on long-term debt (c) (61.6 ) (7.2 )
Unamortized debt issuance costs (c) (62.0 ) (51.0 )
5,843.9
4,863.6
Less current maturities (169.3 ) (14.9 )
Total long-term debt $ 5,674.6
$ 4,848.7
Weighted average interest rate 6.6 % 7.0 %
Weighted maturity 5.1 years
4.7 years

Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, additional information with respect to our debt obligations was as follows:

~~F-72~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

(a)

If the maturity of the revolving line of credit iswas not extended prior to April 24, 2020, the maturity date of the Tranche B6 term loan ~~will be~~would have become April 24, 2020; provided further, if the 2020 Notes ~~have~~had not been repaid or refinanced prior to July 15, 2020 with indebtedness having a maturity date no earlier than March 29, 2021, the maturity date of the Tranche B6 term loan ~~will be~~would have become July 15, 2020.


(b)	On January 3, 2019, Windstream Services’ reduced future maturities of its revolving line of credit of $312.0 million using proceeds received from the sale of the Consumer CLEC business.


(c)	The notes are guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantees debt under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility. The notes and the guarantees are secured by a first priority lien on Windstream Services’ and the guarantors’ assets that secure the obligations under the senior secured credit facility.


(d)	The notes are guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantees debt under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility. The notes and the guarantees are secured by a second priority lien on Windstream Services’ and the guarantors’ assets that secure the obligations under the senior secured credit facility.


(e)	These bonds are secured equally with the senior secured credit facility with respect to the assets of Windstream Holdings of the Midwest, Inc.

F-77

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. Debt, Continued:


~~(c)~~(f)	Windstream Services may call the remaining aggregate principal amounts of these debentures and notes at various premiums upon early redemption.


(g)	The net ~~(discount) premium~~discount balance and unamortized debt issuance costs are amortized using the interest method over the life of the related debt instrument.


(h)	Balances have been reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise because these obligations were under collateralized as of the Petition Date of the Chapter 11 Cases.

Debtor-in-Possession Credit Facility –On the Petition Date, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services entered into a commitment letter (as amended, the “DIP Commitment Letter”) dated as of February 25, 2019 with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (together with Barclays Bank, PLC, Credit Suisse Loan Funding, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs Bank USA and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the “Arrangers”), pursuant to which the Arrangers or their affiliates committed to provide senior secured superpriority debtor-in-possession credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion, subject to conditions described therein. In connection with the Chapter 11 Cases and in accordance with the DIP Commitment Letter, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services entered into a Superpriority Secured Debtor-in-Possession Credit Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2019 (the “DIP Credit Agreement”), by and among Windstream Services, as the borrower (the “Borrower”), Windstream Holdings, the other guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto (together with such other financial institutions from time to time party thereto, the “DIP Lenders”) and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Agent”). The DIP Credit Agreement provides for $1.0 billion in superpriority secured debtor-in-possession credit facilities comprising of (i) a superpriority revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of $500.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”) and (ii) a superpriority term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility” and, together with the Revolving Facility, the “DIP Facilities”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein. As of December 31, 2019, $500.0 million was outstanding under the Term Loan Facility and 0 amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Facility. Considering letters of credit of $28.5 million and $55.1 million reserved for potential professional fees, the amount available for borrowing under the Revolving Facility was $416.4 million as of December 31, 2019.

The maturity date of the DIP Facilities is February 26, 2021. Loans under the Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Facility will bear interest, at the option of the Borrower, at (1) 1.50 percent plus a base rate of the highest of (i) Citibank, N.A.’s base rate, (ii) the Federal funds effective rate plus 1/2 of 1 percent and (iii) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.00 percent per annum; or (2) 2.50 percent plus LIBOR. From and after the Effective Date, a non-refundable unused commitment fee will accrue at the rate of 0.50 percent per annum on the daily average unused portion of the Revolving Facility (whether or not then available).

The DIP Credit Agreement also includes certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default, including, but not limited to, payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, certain events under ERISA, unstayed judgments in favor of a third party involving an aggregate liability in excess of $25.0 million, change of control, specified governmental actions having a material adverse effect or condemnation or damage to a material portion of the collateral. Certain bankruptcy-related events are also events of default, including, but not limited to, the dismissal by the Bankruptcy Court of any of the Chapter 11 Cases, the conversion of any of the Chapter 11 Cases to a case under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, the appointment of a trustee pursuant to Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, the final order approving the DIP Facilities failing to have been entered within 60 days after the Petition Date and certain other events related to the impairment of the DIP Lenders’ rights or liens granted under the DIP Credit Agreement.

F-78

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. Debt, Continued:

The foregoing description of the DIP Credit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the DIP Credit Agreement.

Senior Secured Credit Facility –~~The~~Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, the amended credit facility ~~provides that~~provided Windstream Services ~~may seek~~the ability to obtain incremental revolving or term loans in an unlimited amount subject to maintaining a maximum secured leverage ratio and other customary conditions, including obtaining commitments and pro forma compliance with financial maintenance covenants consisting of a maximum debt to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. In addition, Windstream Services may request extensions of the maturity date under any of its existing revolving or term loan facilities. On February 17, 2017, Windstream Services issued an aggregate principal amount of $580.0 million in borrowings under Tranche B7 of its senior secured credit facility, the proceeds of which were used to pay down amounts outstanding under Tranche B5, including accrued interest, and to pay related fees and expenses. conditions.

The incremental Tranche B7 term loan matures on February 17, 2024 and was issued at a price of 99.5 percent of the principal amount of the loan.

Interest rates applicable to the Tranche B7 term loan ~~are,~~were, at Windstream Services’ option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin of 2.25 percent per annum or LIBOR plus a margin of 3.25 percent per annum. LIBOR for the Tranche B7 term loan shall at no time be less than 0.75 percent. The Tranche B7 term loan iswas subject to quarterly amortization payments in an aggregate amount equal to 0.25 percent of the initial principal amount of such term loans, with the remaining balance payable at maturity. At the time of repayment, unamortized debt issuance and discount related to Tranche B5 totaled $6.3 million, of which $1.2 million were included in the loss on debt extinguishment, while the remaining $5.1 million continue to be deferred and amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of Tranche B7 in accordance with debt modification accounting. On the date of closing of the merger with EarthLink, Windstream Services amended its existing senior secured credit agreement to provide for the issuance of an aggregate principal amount of $450.0 million in incremental borrowings under Tranche B6, the proceeds of which were used to repay amounts outstanding under EarthLink’s credit facility and to redeem EarthLink’s outstanding 8.875 percent Senior Notes due 2019 and 7.375 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2020.

The incremental loans were issued at a price of 99.0 percent of the principal amount of the loan. The incremental loans are repayable at any time. During the fourth quarter of 2017, Windstream Services repaid $139.0 million of amounts outstanding under Tranche B6 using proceeds from the issuance of new debt, as further discussed below. At the time of repayment, unamortized debt issuance and discount related to this portion of Tranche B6 totaling $2.9 million were included in the loss on debt extinguishment.

During 2016, Windstream Services repriced at par $597.0 million of borrowings outstanding under Tranche B6 and issued at par an incremental $300.0 million of borrowings under Tranche B6. In connection with the repricing, Windstream Services incurred $6.7 million in arrangement, legal and other fees. Based on an analysis of participating creditors, Windstream Services concluded that a portion of the repricing transaction should be accounted for as a new debt issuance, a portion as a debt modification, and the remainder as a debt extinguishment. As a result, $0.6 million of the arrangement, legal and other fees were recorded as debt issuance costs, with the remaining $6.1 million charged to interest expense in accordance with debt modification accounting. At the time of the repricing transaction, unamortized debt issuance and discount related to the original issuance of Tranche B6 term loan ~~totaled $24.4 million, of which $3.1 million were included in the loss~~matures on debt extinguishment recognized in 2016, while the remaining $21.3 million continue to be deferred and amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the term loan in accordance with debt modification accounting.

~~F-73~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

During 2016, Windstream Services executed incremental amendments to its existing senior secured credit facility to provide for the issuance of an aggregate principal amount $600.0 million term loan under Tranche B6 due March 29, 2021, the proceeds of which were used to repurchase $441.1 million of outstanding 7.875 percent notes due November 1, 2017 (the “2017 Notes”) pursuant to a tender offer and to repay other debt obligations of Windstream Services along with related fees and expenses. The Tranche B6 term loan was issued at a discount of $15.0 million. Debt issuance costs associated with the Tranche B6 borrowings were $11.7 million, which were capitalized and are being amortized over the life of the term loan.2021. Interest on ~~all incremental~~ loans under Tranche B6 ~~accrue at~~were equal to LIBOR plus a margin of ~~4.00~~4.0 percent per annum, with LIBOR subject to a 0.75 percent floor. The ~~incremental~~Tranche B6 term loans ~~are~~were subject to quarterly amortization in an aggregate amount of approximately 0.25 percent of the initial principal amount of the loans, with the remaining balance payable ~~on March 29, 2021.~~at maturity.

Revolving line of credit –~~Under~~Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, under the amended senior secured credit facility, Windstream Services ~~may~~had the ability to obtain revolving loans and ~~may~~ issue up to ~~$30.0~~$50.0 million of letters of credit, which upon issuance ~~reduce~~reduced the amount available for other extensions of credit. Accordingly, the total amount outstanding under the letters of credit and the indebtedness incurred under the revolving line of credit ~~may~~could not exceed $1,250.0 million. Borrowings under the revolving line of credit ~~may be~~were used for permitted acquisitions, working capital and other general corporate purposes of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries. Windstream Services ~~will pay~~paid a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments under the revolving credit facility that will range from 0.40 percent to 0.50 percent per annum, depending on the debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries. Revolving loans made under the credit facility ~~are~~were not subject to interim amortization and such loans ~~are~~were not required to be repaid

prior to April 24, 2020, other than to the extent the outstanding borrowings exceed the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility. Interest rates applicable to loans under the revolving line of credit ~~are,~~were, at Windstream Services’ option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25 percent to 1.00 percent per annum or LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.25 percent to 2.00 percent per annum, based on the debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries.

Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, Windstream Services borrowed $155.0 million under the revolving line of credit and retired $370.0 million of borrowings during the period January 1, 2019 to February 24, 2019.

During 2018, Windstream Services borrowed $816.0 million under the revolving line of credit and through the completion of a debt-for-debt exchange and repayments retired $574.0 million of these borrowings. Borrowings under the revolving line of credit included $150.0 million for the one-time mandatory redemption payment applicable to the 2024 Notes paid on February 26, 2018.

During 2017, Windstream Services borrowed $1,196.0 million under the revolving line of credit ~~in its senior secured credit facility~~ and through the ~~issuance~~completion of ~~new debt~~a debt-for-debt exchange and repayments retired $896.0 million of these ~~borrowings.~~borrowings in 2017. Borrowings under the revolving line of credit included $160.0 million to repay amounts outstanding under Broadview’s revolving credit facility and to redeem Broadview’s 2017 Notes. ~~Considering letters of credit of $23.2 million, the amount available for borrowing under the revolving line of credit was $451.8 million at December 31, 2017.~~

During 2016, Windstream Services borrowed $2,791.0 million under the revolving line of credit and through the completion of a debt-for-debt exchange and repayments retired $2,616.0 million of these borrowings in 2016.

The variable interest rate on the revolving line of credit ranged from ~~2.65~~4.38 percent to ~~5.50~~8.50 percent, and the weighted average rate on amounts outstanding was ~~3.16~~7.65 percent during ~~2017,~~2019, as compared to variable interest rates during ~~2016~~2018 which ranged from ~~2.25~~3.40 percent to ~~4.50~~6.50 percent with a weighted average rate on amounts outstanding of ~~2.55~~4.02 percent.

F-79

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. Debt, Continued:

Following the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, interest rates applicable to the revolving line of credit, Tranche B6 term loan and Tranche B7 term loan were converted from LIBOR to the alternate base rate, the effects of which increased interest rates 2.00 percent for borrowings under the senior secured credit facility. The Bankruptcy Court also approved an additional 2.00 percent default rate applicable to borrowings under the senior secured credit facility. As of December 31, 2019, interest rates applicable to the revolving line of credit, Tranche B6 term loan and Tranche B7 term loan were 8.50 percent, 10.50 percent and 9.75 percent, respectively. All payments to holders of debt obligations under the senior secured credit facility, senior first lien notes and Midwest Bonds remitted subsequent to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases have been classified as interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Consent Solicitation and Amendments to 2025 Notes and Senior Secured Credit Facility - During the second quarter of 2018, Windstream Services and Windstream Finance Corp. (together the “issuers”) received the requisite consents to amend the indenture governing the 8.625 percent senior first lien notes due October 31, 2025 (“2025 Notes”). Holders of the 2025 Notes who validly delivered (and did not validly revoke) consents to the amendments to the indenture received a one-time consent payment equal to $2.50 per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes provided that such consent was received prior to the expiration of the consent solicitation on June 6, 2018. The consent solicitation (i) permitted the issuers and guarantors under the indenture to issue or incur indebtedness on a junior lien basis and (ii) authorized the collateral agent under the indenture to enter into a junior lien intercreditor agreement upon the issuance or incurrence of junior lien secured indebtedness by the issuers and the guarantors under the indenture. In conjunction with receiving the requisite consents, the amendments to the indenture became effective and operative. All holders of the 2025 Notes are bound by the terms thereof, even if they did not deliver consents to the amendments. Except for the amendments, all existing terms of the 2025 Notes and the Indenture remain unchanged.

Concurrent with the consent solicitation, Windstream Services also sought and obtained an amendment to its senior secured credit facility to, among other things, (i) permit the issuance or incurrence of second-priority lien secured indebtedness, (ii) allow Windstream Services to use the proceeds from the issuance or incurrence of such second-priority lien secured indebtedness and other secured indebtedness to repay certain of its outstanding secured and unsecured indebtedness, (iii) permit the execution of a first-lien/second-lien intercreditor agreement, (iv) allow for the incurrence of first-priority lien secured indebtedness if the proceeds of such indebtedness are used to prepay or repay revolving loans or term loans under the senior secured credit facility (and, for revolving loans, permanently reduce the commitments), even if Windstream Services does not meet the typical test of having a pro forma first lien leverage ratio of not more than 2.25 to 1.0, and (v) limit the ability of Windstream Services to declare and pay dividends in some respects.

In completing the consent solicitation and amendments, Windstream Services incurred $11.5 million in fees, consisting of $8.8 million in consent fees payable to lenders and $2.7 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees. In accordance with debt modification accounting, the $2.7 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees were expensed as additional interest expense and the $8.8 million in consent fees were capitalized as debt issuance costs and amortized over the respective terms of the 2025 Notes and senior secured credit facility.

Debt Issuances and Debt Exchanges Completed in 2018

On August 2, 2018, Windstream Services completed the settlement of exchange offers, which expired on July 31, 2018, for (1) its 7.75 percent senior notes due October 15, 2020 (“2020 Notes”) for new 10.500 percent senior second lien notes due June 30, 2024 (the “New 2024 Notes”) and (2) its 7.75 percent senior notes due October 1, 2021 (“2021 Notes”), 7.50 percent senior notes due June 1, 2022 (“2022 Notes”), 7.50 percent senior notes due April 1, 2023 (“April 2023 Notes”), 6.375 percent senior notes due August 1, 2023 (“August 2023 Notes”) and 8.75 percent senior notes due December 15, 2024 (“2024 Notes”) for new 9.00 percent senior second lien notes due June 30, 2025 (the “New 2025 Notes”) as follows:

accepted for exchange $414.9 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes in exchange for $414.9 million aggregate principal amount of New 2024 Notes.

accepted for exchange $18.8 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes, $5.3 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes, $86.0 million aggregate principal amount of April 2023 Notes, $340.7 million aggregate principal amount of August 2023 Notes, and $578.6 million aggregate principal amount of 2024 Notes, in exchange for $802.0 million aggregate principal amount of New 2025 Notes.

F-80

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. Debt, Continued:

The New 2024 Notes and New 2025 Notes will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or any state securities laws. As such, these notes may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws.

In completing the exchange transactions, Windstream Services incurred $18.4 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees. The exchanges of the 2020 and 2021 Notes were accounted for as a debt modification, and the remaining exchanges of 2022 Notes, April 2023 Notes, August 2023 Notes and 2024 Notes were accounted for as a debt extinguishment. In assessing the accounting treatment for the debt exchanges, we determined that no concessions were granted by our creditors due to the additional collateral and securitization provided to holders of the new notes, as well as consideration of other qualitative factors. For the exchanges accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting, Windstream Services recognized a net gain of $190.3 million, consisting of the net principal reduction of $226.0 million reduced by the write-off of a portion of the unamortized discount and debt issuance costs related to the original notes of $35.7 million. Of the total legal and other third-party fees incurred, $6.5 million were expensed as additional interest expense under debt modification accounting while the remaining $11.9 million of fees were capitalized and amortized over the terms of the new notes in accordance with the extinguishment method of accounting.

Debt Issuances and Debt Exchanges Completed in 2017

On November 8, 2017, Windstream Services completed a private placement offering of $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.625 percent senior first lien notes due October 31, 2025 (“2025 Notes”). The notes were issued at a price of 99.0 percent to yield 8.802 percent. The notes were co-issued by Windstream Finance Corp. (“Windstream Finance”), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Windstream Services, and are guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantees debt under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility. The notes and the guarantees are secured by a first priority lien on Windstream Services’ and the guarantors’ assets that secure the obligations under the senior secured credit facility. Windstream Services used the net proceeds of the offering to repay approximately $250.0 million of borrowings under its revolving line of credit and to repay$139.0 million of amounts outstanding under its Tranche B6 term loan.

~~F-74~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

In November 2017, Windstream Services completed exchange offers for its ~~7.750 percent senior unsecured notes due October 15,~~ 2020 ~~(“2020 Notes”), 7.750 percent senior unsecured notes due October 1,~~Notes, 2021 ~~(“2021 Notes”), 7.500 percent senior unsecured notes due June 1,~~Notes, 2022 ~~(“2022 Notes”),~~Notes, and ~~7.500 percent senior unsecured notes due April 1, 2023 (“~~April 2023 ~~Notes”)~~Notes as follows:

accepted for exchange $167.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes and $223.1 million aggregate principal amount of April 2023 Notes in exchange for $420.6 million aggregate principal amount of new ~~6.375 percent senior notes due August 1, 2023 (“~~August 2023 ~~Notes”).~~Notes.

accepted for exchange $181.2 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes in exchange for $141.3 million aggregate principal amount of new August 2023 Notes and approximately $50.0 million principal amount of 2025 Notes.

accepted for exchange $158.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes in exchange for approximately $150.0 million of aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes.

In completing these exchange offers, Windstream Services issued $561.9 million aggregate principal amount of new August 2023 Notes and issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes.

Pursuant to exchanges offers for its 2021 and 2022 Notes, in December 2017, Windstream Services issued $834.3 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.750 percent senior notes due December 15, 2024 (“2024 Notes”) for exchange of $539.2 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes and $232.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes. The 2024 notes were issued at par and were co-issued by Windstream Finance and are guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantees debt under Windstream Services’ senior secured credit facility. The 2024 Notes require a one-time mandatory redemption payment of $150.0 million payable on February 26, 2018.Additionally, as part of the 2024 Notes, Windstream Services agreed to certain provisions that prohibits its ability to issue restricted payments to its parent company, Windstream Holdings, if Windstream Services’ consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in the 2024 Notes, exceeds 3.50 to 1.0, except for purposes of allowing restricted payments to Windstream Holdings for the purposes of making ~~rent~~ payments under the ~~master lease~~contractual arrangement with Uniti and to pay certain administrative expenses. The provisions indirectly impacts, and could limit, Windstream Holdings’ future issuance of dividends to holders of its common stock and its engagement in stock repurchase programs.

F-81

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. Debt, Continued:

In completing the exchange transactions, Windstream Services incurred $27.7 million in fees, consisting of $6.0 million in consent fees payable to lenders and $21.7 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees, and the lenders received a net exchange premium of $95.1 million in the form of additional future principal payments. Based on an analysis of participating creditors, Windstream Services concluded that a portion of the exchanges should be accounted for as a debt modification and the remainder as a debt extinguishment. For the portion of the exchanges accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting, Windstream Services recognized a net loss of $55.5 million, consisting of the write-off of a portion of the net exchange premium and consent fees and unamortized premium and debt issuance costs related to the original notes. The remaining $45.2 million of net exchange premium and $4.0 million of consent fees were capitalized and deferred over the terms of the new notes in accordance with debt modification accounting. The $21.7 million in arrangement, legal and other third-party fees were allocated on a lender-by-lender basis to creditors resulting in $13.8 million of fees expensed as additional interest expense under debt modification accounting, while the remaining $7.9 million of fees were capitalized and amortized over the terms of the new notes in accordance with the extinguishment method of accounting.

~~Debentures and Notes~~Other Debt Obligations Repaid in 2017

During 2017, under a debt repurchase program authorized by Windstream Services’ board of directors, Windstream Services repurchased in the open market $49.1 million aggregate principal amount of its 2020 Notes at a repurchase price of $45.3 million, including accrued and unpaid interest. At the time of repurchase, there was $0.3 million in unamortized net premium and debt issuance costs related to the repurchased notes. The repurchases were funded utilizing available borrowings under the amended revolving line of credit and were accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting.

~~F-75~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

~~Debentures and Notes Repaid in 2016~~

~~During 2016,~~On the date of closing of the merger with EarthLink, Windstream Services ~~repurchased $441.1 million~~amended its existing senior secured credit agreement to provide for the issuance of an aggregate principal amount of its 2017 Notes for total consideration of $477.5 million, plus accrued interest, pursuant to a cash tender offer. Under the tender offer, Windstream Services paid total consideration of $1,082.50 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2017 Notes, which included a $30 early tender payment, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Windstream Services also repurchased $93.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2017 Notes at a repurchase price of $99.5 million, including accrued and unpaid interest, under a debt repurchase program authorized by Windstream Services’ board of directors. In September 2016, Windstream Services redeemed the remaining $369.5 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of the 2017 Notes at a redemption price of $396.4 million, which included a premium payable to creditors of $26.9 million. At the time of the repurchases and redemption, there was $8.4$450.0 million in ~~unamortized net discount and debt issuance costs related to these notes. Proceeds from the issuance of the~~incremental borrowings under Tranche B6, ~~term loan and available borrowings under~~ the ~~amended revolving line~~proceeds of ~~credit~~which were used to ~~fund the redemption~~repay amounts outstanding under EarthLink’s credit facility and ~~repurchases~~to redeem EarthLink’s outstanding 8.875 percent Senior Notes due 2019 (“EarthLink 2019 Notes”) and 7.375 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (“EarthLink 2020 Notes”). The repayment of the ~~2017~~EarthLink 2019 and 2020 Notes ~~which were accounted for as debt extinguishments.~~

Pursuant to the debt repurchase program discussed above, during 2016, Windstream Services repurchased in the open market $466.8 million aggregate principal amount of its senior unsecured notes consisting of $111.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes, $44.8 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes, and $196.6 million aggregate principal amount of April 2023 Notes and $114.3 million aggregate principal amount of August 2023 Notes. At the time of repurchase, there was $5.3 million in unamortized net discount and debt issuance costs related to the repurchased notes. The repurchases were funded utilizing available borrowings under the amended revolving line of credit and were accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting.

~~Debentures and Notes Repaid in 2015~~

During 2015, Windstream Services repurchased in the open market $299.5 million aggregate principal amount of its senior unsecured notes consisting of $195.9 million aggregate principal amount of 2017 Notes, $29.6 million aggregate principal amount of 2021 Notes, $14.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes, and $59.9 million aggregate principal amount of April 2023 Notes. At the time of repurchase, there was $3.8 million in unamortized net discount and debt issuance costs related to the repurchased notes. The repurchases were funded utilizing available borrowings under the amended revolving line of credit. Windstream Services redeemed all of its $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.125 percent senior unsecured notes due September 1, 2018 (the “2018 Notes”), at a redemption price payable in cash equal to $1,040.63 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. At the time of redemption, there was $1.4 million and $4.0 million in unamortized discount and debt issuance costs, respectively, related to the 2018 Notes. PAETEC Holding, LLC (“PAETEC”), a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Windstream Services, redeemed all $450.0 million of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of 9.875 percent notes due 2018 (the “PAETEC 2018 Notes”), at a redemption price payable in cash equal to $1,049.38 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. At the time of redemption, there was $16.9 million in unamortized premium related to the PAETEC 2018 Notes. Windstream used a portion of the $1.035 billion cash payment received from Uniti in the spin-off of certain telecommunication network assets to redeem the 2018 Notes and the PAETEC 2018 Notes. The repurchases and redemptions were accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting.

In conjunction with the REIT spin-off, Windstream completed a debt-for-debt exchange retiring $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under Tranches A3, A4 and B4 of Windstream Services’ senior credit facility and ~~$752.2 million~~ aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under the revolving line of credit. Following the completion of the debt-for-debt exchange, Windstream Services repaid the remaining $241.8 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings under Tranche B4 and repaid all $1.9 million of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes issued by a subsidiary, Cinergy Communications Company, utilizing available borrowings under the amended revolving line of credit. The debt-for-debt exchange and repayments were accounted for under the extinguishment method of accounting and as a result, Windstream Services recognized a loss due to the extinguishment of the aforementioned debt obligations of $15.9 million in 2015.

~~F-76~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

Net ~~Loss~~Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt

The net ~~loss~~gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt was comprised of the following:



(Millions)	Discount (Premium) on early redemption			Third-party fees for early redemption			Unamortized (discount) premium on original issuance, net			Unamortized debt issuance costs on original issuance			Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt
Year ended December 31, 2018:
Exchanges of 2021, 2022, April 2023, August 2023 and 2024 Notes	$	226.0		$	—		$	(22.9	)	$	(12.8	)	$	190.3
Total	$	226.0		$	—		$	(22.9	)	$	(12.8	)	$	190.3
Year ended December 31, 2017:
Senior secured credit facility	$	—		$	—		$	(1.8	)	$	(2.3	)	$	(4.1	)
Broadview 2017 Notes	—			—			0.2			—			0.2
EarthLink 2019 and 2020 Notes	(18.3		)	—			16.3			—			(2.0		)
Partial repurchase of 2020 Notes	5.3			—			0.1			(0.4		)	5.0
Exchanges of 2020, 2021, 2022, and April 2023 Notes	(49.9		)	(2.0		)	2.2			(5.8		)	(55.5		)
Total	$	(62.9	)	$	(2.0	)	$	17.0		$	(8.5	)	$	(56.4	)

(Millions) (Premium) discount on early redemption Third-party fees for early redemption Unamortized (discount) premium on original issuance, net Unamortized debt issuance costs on original issuance Net (loss) gain on early extinguishment of debt
Year ended December 31, 2017:
Senior secured credit facility $ —
$ —
$ (1.8 ) $ (2.3 ) $ (4.1 )
Broadview 2017 Notes —
—
0.2
—
0.2
EarthLink 2019 and 2020 Notes (18.3 ) —
16.3
—
(2.0 )
Partial repurchases of 2020 Notes 5.3
—
0.1
(0.4 ) 5.0
Exchanges of 2020, 2021, 2022,
   and April 2023 Notes
(49.9 ) (2.0 ) 2.2
(5.8 ) (55.5 )
Total $ (62.9 ) $ (2.0 ) $ 17.0
$ (8.5 ) $ (56.4 )
Year ended December 31, 2016:
Senior secured credit facility $ —
$ —
$ (1.7 ) $ (1.4 ) $ (3.1 )
2017 Notes (67.5 ) (2.4 ) (3.0 ) (5.4 ) (78.3 )
Partial repurchase of 2021, 2022
   and 2023 Notes
68.7
—
0.9
(6.2 ) 63.4
Total $ 1.2
$ (2.4 ) $ (3.8 ) $ (13.0 ) $ (18.0 )
Year ended December 31, 2015:
Senior secured credit facility $ (6.6 ) $ (0.7 ) $ —
$ (8.6 ) $ (15.9 )
2018 Notes (16.3 ) —
(1.4 ) (4.0 ) (21.7 )
2017 Notes (8.6 ) —
(0.9 ) (1.8 ) (11.3 )
Partial repurchase of 2021, 2022
   and 2023 Notes
19.4
—
0.3
(1.4 ) 18.3
PAETEC 2018 Notes (22.2 ) —
16.9
—
(5.3 )
Cinergy Communications
   Company Notes
(0.5 ) —
—
—
(0.5 )
Total $ (34.8 ) $ (0.7 ) $ 14.9
$ (15.8 ) $ (36.4 )

~~F-77~~F-82

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

6. ~~Long-term~~ Debt, ~~and Lease Obligations,~~ Continued:

~~Maturities for long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2017, excluding $61.6 million of unamortized net discount and $62.0 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, were~~

Interest Expense

Interest expense was as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Interest expense - long-term debt	$	338.7		$	429.0		$	376.1
Interest expense - long-term lease obligations:
Telecommunications network assets	—			467.0			484.9
Real estate contributed to pension plan	6.2			6.2			6.2
Impact of interest rate swaps	(12.2		)	(3.5		)	10.1
Interest on capital leases and other	5.8			6.3			5.1
Less capitalized interest expense	(6.6		)	(3.7		)	(7.0		)
Total interest expense	$	331.9		$	901.3		$	875.4

Year (Millions)
2018 $ 169.3
2019 19.3
2020 1,287.2
2021 1,246.9
2022 47.3
Thereafter 3,197.5
Total $ 5,967.5

Windstream Services may call certain debentures and notes at various premiums on early redemption. These debentures and notes consist of the remaining aggregate principal amounts due related to the 2020, 2021, 2022, April 2023, August 2023, 2024 and 2025 Notes. In addition, Windstream Services may call debt issued by Windstream Holdings of the Midwest, Inc. at various premiums upon early redemption.7. Leases

~~Debt Compliance~~

The terms of Windstream Services’ credit facility and indentures include customary covenants that, among other things, require maintenance of certain financial ratios and restrict Windstream Services’ ability to incur additional indebtedness. These financial ratios include a maximum leverage ratio of 4.5 to 1.0 and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 2.75 to 1.0. In addition, the covenants include restrictions on dividend and certain other types of payments, including restricted payments to Windstream Holdings by Windstream Services. As of December 31, 2017, Windstream Services was in compliance with all of these covenants.

In addition, certain of Windstream Services’ debt agreements contain various covenants and restrictions specific to the subsidiary that is the legal counterparty to the agreement. As previously discussed, the 2024 Notes include certain provisions that prohibit Windstream Services’ ability to issue restricted payments to Windstream Holdings, if its consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in the 2024 Notes, exceeds 3.50 to 1.0, except for purposes of allowing restricted payments to Windstream Holdings for the purposes of making rent payments under the master lease with Uniti and to pay certain administrative expenses. Under Windstream Services’ long-term debt agreements, acceleration of principal payments would occur upon payment default, violation of debt covenants not cured within 30 days, a change in control including a person or group obtaining 50 percent or more of Windstream Services’ outstanding voting stock, or breach of certain other conditions set forth in the borrowing agreements. Windstream Services and its subsidiaries were in compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 2017.

On September 22, 2017, Windstream Services received a purported notice of default dated September 21, 2017 (the “Original Notice”) from a noteholder that claims to hold greater than 25 percent in aggregate principal amount of the 6.375 percent 2023 Notes issued under the indenture dated January 23, 2013 (as amended and supplemented, the “2013 Indenture”), between Windstream Services, as issuer, Windstream Finance Corp., as co-issuer, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Original Notice alleged that the transfer of certain assets and the subsequent lease of those assets in connection with the spin-off of Uniti in April 2015 constituted a “sale and leaseback transaction” (as defined in the 2013 Indenture) which did not comply with the Sale and Leaseback covenant under the 2013 Indenture. The Original Notice further alleged that Windstream Services violated the restricted payment covenant under the 2013 Indenture by not delivering an officers’ certificate as required by the 2013 Indenture and that it made a restricted payment in reliance on the restricted payment builder basket during the pendency of an alleged default which is prohibited by the 2013 Indenture.

As previously discussed in Note 2, we adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method. We lease network assets and equipment, real estate, office space and office equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on ~~November 6, 2017,~~ the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and nonlease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For certain agreements in which we lease space for data storage and communications equipment within data centers, central offices of other interexchange carriers and alternative access providers, we account for the lease and nonlease components as a single lease component when the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease and nonlease components are identical, and the lease classification would have been an operating lease absent the combination.

Windstream ~~Services completed~~uses an incremental borrowing rate as the ~~early settlement~~rates implicit in the leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rates are based on Windstream’s unsecured rates, adjusted by adding the average credit spread percentage of its traded debt to the risk-free rate at maturity to approximate what Windstream would have to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar period of time as the recognized lease term. Windstream applies the incremental borrowing rates to lease components using a portfolio approach based upon the length of the lease term and the reporting entity in which the lease resides.

Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. Lease liabilities are not remeasured as a result of changes to the inflation index. Changes to the inflation index are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments was incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Operating Leases - Our operating leases, for network assets and equipment, office space, office equipment and real estate, have remaining lease terms of 1 to 30 years, some of which may include one or more options to renew with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 to 10 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. At inception of a lease, the lease term is generally equal to the initial lease term as a renewal is not reasonably certain ~~previously announced offers~~at inception. Subsequent renewals are treated as lease modifications. Due to ~~exchange~~the nature and expected use of the leased assets, exercise of renewal options is reasonably certain for month-to-month fiber, colocation, point of presence and rack space leases. The lease term is based on the average lease term for similar assets or expected period of use of the underlying asset. We apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use asset and liability for these low dollar, high volume leases. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of its existing senior notes for additional 6.375 percent 2023 Notes and received consents from holders representing a majority of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 6.375 percent 2023 Notes to certain waivers and amendments relating to the defaults alleged in the Original Notice (the “Exchange and Consent Transactions”). On November 6, 2017, Windstream Services, the co-issuer, the guarantors party thereto and the Trustee executed a supplemental indenture to the 2013 Indenture giving effect to such waivers and amendments.exercise.

~~F-78~~F-83

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations,~~7. Leases, Continued:

On November 27, 2017, Windstream Services received a second purported notice of default dated November 27, 2017 (the “Second Notice”) from the noteholder which alleged that certain of the Exchange and Consent Transactions violated the terms of the Indenture. The noteholder withdrew the Second Notice on December 6, 2017, and the noteholder then issued Windstream Services a Notice of Acceleration, dated December 7, 2017. The Notice of Acceleration claimed that the principal amount, and all accrued interest, owed under the note associated with the 2013 Indenture was now due and payable as result of Windstream Services allegedly not curing the alleged defaults set forth in the Original Notice within the sixty-day cure period set forth in the 2013 Indenture. Windstream Services disputes that any amounts are due and owing. Windstream Services has denied all of the allegations made by the noteholder in the Original Notice, the Second Notice (now withdrawn) and the Notice of Acceleration, and asserted the allegations are without merit in litigation pending in federal district court in the Southern District of New York involving the Trustee, Windstream Services and the noteholder. In fact, Windstream Services maintains that claims asserted by the noteholder and the Trustee are mooted in light of the exchange and consent transactions discussed herein and that Windstream Services has been, and remains, in compliance with all of the covenants under the 2013 Indenture. However, there is no guarantee that Windstream Services will ultimately be successful in the litigation.

If an “Event of Default” is found to have occurred by the court, then such “Event of Default” could also constitute an “Event of Default” under the Windstream Services’ Credit Agreement. In addition, if an “Event of Default” is deemed to have occurred under the 2013 Indenture and Windstream Services’ obligations under the 2013 Indenture and the 6.375 percent 2023 Notes are accelerated, this could also constitute an “Event of Default” under the indentures governing the Windstream Services’ other senior notes.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, Windstream Services completed consent solicitations with respect to its 2020 Notes, 2021 Notes, 2022 Notes, April 2023 Notes and the existing 6.375 percent 2023 Notes (collectively “the Windstream Services Notes”), pursuant to which noteholders agreed to waive alleged defaults with respect to the transactions related to the spin-off of Uniti and amend the indentures governing the Windstream Services Notes to give effect to such waivers and amendments. Windstream Services received such consents from the holders representing a majority of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the Windstream Services Notes. Windstream Services, the trustee under the indentures governing the Windstream Services Notes and the other parties to such indentures have executed supplemental indentures giving effect to the waivers and amendments pursuant to the consent solicitation. The waivers and amendments are now effective and operative and, as such, are binding on all holders of the Windstream Services Notes. Consent delivered pursuant to the consent solicitations may not be revoked.

~~Long-term Lease Obligations~~

Leaseback of ~~Telecommunications~~Telecommunication Network Assets –~~Following the spin-off transaction (see Note 5), on April 24, 2015, Windstream Holdings entered into a long-term triple-net master lease~~ - Under our contractual arrangement with Uniti, ~~to lease back the telecommunications network assets. Under terms of the master lease,~~ Windstream Holdings has the exclusive right to use ~~the~~certain telecommunications network assets, including fiber and copper networks, for an initial term of 15 years ending in April 2030, with up to four, five-year renewal options. ~~Windstream Holdings is required to pay all property taxes, insurance, and repair or maintenance costs associated~~The contractual arrangement with ~~the leased property. The master lease~~Uniti provides for ana current annual ~~rent~~payment of ~~$650.0~~$659.0 million paid in equal monthly installments in advance ~~and is fixed for the first three years. Thereafter, rent will increase on~~with an annual ~~basis at a base rent~~ escalator of 0.5 percent. Future ~~lease~~ payments due under the ~~agreement~~contractual arrangement reset to fair market ~~rental~~ rates upon Windstream Holdings’ execution of the renewal options. ~~During December 2015, we requested and Uniti agreed to fund $43.1 million~~The remaining term of ~~capital expenditures. As~~the contractual arrangement is 10.3 years with a ~~result, the annual lease payment increased at a~~discount rate of ~~8.125~~13.9 percent.

Finance Leases - Finance leases consist principally of facilities and equipment for use in our operations. Generally, lease agreements that include a bargain purchase option, transfer of ownership, contractual lease term equal to or greater than 75 percent of the funds received from Uniti, or from $650.0 million to $653.5 million. Uniti also has the right, but not the obligation, upon Windstream’s request, to fund additional capital expenditures of Windstream in an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million for a maximum period of five years. Monthly rent paid by us to Uniti will increase in accordance with the master lease effective asremaining estimated economic life of the ~~date of the funding. If Uniti exercises this right, the~~leased facilities or equipment or minimum lease payments ~~under the master lease will be adjusted at a rate of 8.125~~equal to or greater than 90 percent of the capital expenditures funded by Uniti during the first two years and at a floating rate based on Uniti’s cost of capital thereafter. Additionally, if Uniti agrees to fund the entire $250.0 million, the initial term of the master lease will be increased from 15 years to 20 years and the number of renewal terms will be reduced from four renewal terms of five years each to three renewal terms of five years each.

Due to various forms of continuing involvement, including Windstream Services or its subsidiaries, retaining bare legal title (but not beneficial ownership) to the various easements, permits and pole attachments related to the telecommunications network assets, we accounted for the transaction as a failed spin-leaseback for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the net bookfair value of the ~~network assets transferred to Uniti continue to be reported in our consolidated balance sheet and all depreciable assets will be fully depreciated over the initial lease term of 15 years.~~leased facilities or equipment are accounted for as finance leases.

~~F-79~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

At inception of the master lease, we recorded a long-term lease obligation of approximately $5.1 billion equal to the sum of the minimum future annual lease payments over the 15-year lease term discounted to the present value based on Windstream Services’ incremental borrowing rate. Funding received from Uniti in December 2015 for capital expenditures was recorded as an increase to the long-term lease obligation. The effective interest rate on the long-term lease obligation is approximately 10.1 percent. As annual lease payments are made, a portion of the payment will decrease the long-term lease obligation with the balance of the payment charged to interest expense using the effective interest method.

As the master lease was entered into by Windstream Holdings for the direct benefit of Windstream Services and its subsidiaries, Windstream Services is also deemed to have continuing involvement due to retaining its regulatory obligations associated with operating the telecommunications network assets. Accordingly, the effects of the failed spin-leaseback transaction have also been reflected in the standalone consolidated financial statements of Windstream Services. Notwithstanding the foregoing accounting treatment, neither Windstream Services or its subsidiaries is a counterparty or obligor to the master lease agreement.

Leaseback of Real Estate Contributed to Pension Plan - ~~During 2014, we contributed~~We lease certain ~~of our owned~~ real property contributed to the Windstream Pension ~~Plan and then entered into~~Plan. The lease agreements ~~to leaseback~~provide for the ~~properties for~~ continued use of the properties by our operating ~~subsidiaries. The lease agreements~~subsidiaries and include initial lease terms of 10 years for certain properties and 20 years for the remaining properties at an aggregate annual rent of approximately $6.0 million. The lease agreements provide for annual rent increases ranging from 2.0 percent to 3.0 percent over the initial lease term and may be renewed for up to three additional five-year terms. The properties are managed on behalf of the Windstream Pension Plan by an independent fiduciary. Due to ~~various forms of continuing involvement, including~~ Windstream Services’ ~~benefit from~~ability to repurchase the ~~future appreciation~~property by ceasing all but de minimis operations at the location, control of the property has not transferred and the transaction ~~has been~~continues to be accounted for as a ~~failed contribution-leaseback.~~financing obligation. Accordingly, the properties continue to be reported as assets of Windstream and depreciated over their remaining useful lives until termination of the lease agreement. ~~We recorded a~~The long-term lease obligation, initially equal to the fair value of the properties at the date of contribution, of ~~$72.2 million.~~$72.0 million as of December 31, 2019 is presented in liabilities subject to compromise. As a result of using the effective interest rate method, when lease payments are made to the Windstream Pension Plan, a portion of the payment is charged to interest expense and the remaining portion is recorded as an accretion to the long-term lease obligation.

~~A summary~~Components of lease expense were as follows for the ~~current and noncurrent portions of the long-term lease obligations~~year ended December 31, 2019:



(Millions)	Classification
Operating lease costs (a)	Cost of services, Selling, general and administrative	$	803.2
Finance lease costs
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Depreciation and amortization	44.4
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense	4.1
Net lease expense		$	851.7


(a)	Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs which are not material.

F-84

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

7. Leases, Continued:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
(Millions) Current Noncurrent Total Current Noncurrent Total
Assets Subject to Leaseback:
Telecommunications network assets $ 188.6
$ 4,570.3
$ 4,758.9
$ 168.7
$ 4,759.0
$ 4,927.7
Real estate contributed to pension
plan
—
73.0
73.0
—
72.9
72.9
Total $ 188.6
$ 4,643.3
$ 4,831.9
$ 168.7
$ 4,831.9
$ 5,000.6



(Millions)	December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,018.0
Current portion of operating lease obligations	3,791.2
Operating lease liabilities	251.6
Operating lease liabilities prior to reclassification to liabilities subject to compromise	4,042.8
Less amounts reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise	(4,040.7		)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2.1
Finance Leases
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$	257.2
Accumulated depreciation	(191.6		)
Net property, plant and equipment	65.6
Other current liabilities	23.3
Other liabilities	25.6
Finance lease liabilities prior to reclassification to liabilities subject to compromise	48.9
Less amounts reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise	(45.0		)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3.9
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	10.0 years
Finance leases	4.1 years
Leaseback of real estate contributed to pension plan	10.8 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	13.9		%
Finance leases	6.6		%
Leaseback of real estate contributed to pension plan	8.6		%

~~Undiscounted~~Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows for the year ended December 31, 2019:



(Millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	787.4
Operating cash outflows from finance leases	$	4.3
Financing cash outflows from finance leases	$	49.3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	6.5
Finance leases	$	11.5

F-85

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

7. Leases, Continued:

As of December 31, 2019, future minimum lease payments ~~during~~under non-cancellable leases were as follows:



(Millions)	Operating Leases (a)		Leaseback of Real Estate Contributed to Pension Plan (a)		Financing Leases (a)
2020	$	789.6	$	6.7	$	25.2
2021	759.7		6.9		10.4
2022	742.8		7.1		5.7
2023	728.4		7.3		5.6
2024	714.5		6.2		3.6
Thereafter	3,795.7		48.8		10.7
Total future minimum lease payments	7,530.7		83.0		61.2
Less: Amounts representing interest	3,487.9		61.9		12.3
Add: Residual value	—		50.9		—
Present value of lease liabilities	$	4,042.8	$	72.0	$	48.9

Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2018, as disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K under ASC 840, were as follows:



(Millions)	Operating Leases (a)		Leaseback of Telecommunications Network Assets		Leaseback of Real Estate Contributed to Pension Plan (a)		Capital Leases (a)
2019	$	159.0	$	658.9	$	6.5	$	54.5
2020	108.8		662.2		6.7		25.8
2021	87.3		665.6		6.9		8.6
2022	66.3		668.9		7.1		4.3
2023	51.2		672.2		7.3		4.2
Thereafter	182.6		4,323.1		55.0		5.1
Total future minimum lease payments	$	655.2	$	7,650.9	$	89.5	102.5
Less: Amounts representing interest							8.4
Present value of lease liabilities							$	94.1

(a)Includes options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.

Rental expense under ASC 840 totaled $162.0 million and $161.6 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019, there are no material operating or finance leases that have not yet commenced.

To provide comprehensive communication solutions to meet our customers’ needs, our services are integrated with the ~~initial~~latest communications equipment. Certain offerings include equipment leases. We also lease fiber to generate cash flow from unused or underutilized portions of our network. Lease terms typically range from 1 to 20 years some of which may include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 10 years. Fiber customers do have the ability to early terminate the lease by relinquishing the fiber strands back to us, however we have assessed the probability of such action to be remote.

Most of our leases are adjusted periodically for inflation. Although increases in the inflation index are not estimated as part of straight-line rent revenue, to the extent that the actual inflation index is greater or less than the inflation index at lease commencement, there could be changes to realized income or loss.

F-86

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

7. Leases, Continued:

Comprehensive communication solutions with both lease and nonlease components such as maintenance and other services are accounted for as separate components under the guidance applicable to the component either Accounting Standard Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) or ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”).

If equipment is not returned, early contract termination penalties are designed to cover the cost of the unrecovered equipment. We provide maintenance for all fiber agreements at lessees cost limiting residual value risk.

Operating lease income was $255.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and is included in revenues in our consolidated statement of operations.

Future lease maturities under non-cancellable leases were as follows for the years ended December ~~31:~~31:



(Millions)
2020	$	60.5
2021	44.5
2022	24.5
2023	10.1
2024	4.4
Thereafter	0.4
Total future lease receipts	$	144.4

(Millions) Leaseback of Telecommunications Network Assets Leaseback of Real Estate Contributed to Pension Plan Total
Year
2018 $ 655.7
$ 6.3
$ 662.0
2019 658.9
6.5
665.4
2020 662.2
6.7
668.9
2021 665.6
6.9
672.5
2022 668.9
7.1
676.0
Thereafter 4,995.4
62.3
5,057.7
Total $ 8,306.7
$ 95.8
$ 8,402.5

8. Derivatives:

~~F-80~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~6. Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations, Continued:~~

~~Capital Lease Obligations~~

~~We lease facilities and equipment for use in our operations. These facilities and equipment are included in outside communications plant in property, plant and equipment in~~Prior to the ~~accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Lease agreements that include a bargain purchase option, transfer of ownership, contractual lease term equal to or greater than 75 percent~~filing of the remaining estimated economic life of the leased facilities or equipment or minimum lease payments equal to or greater than 90 percent of the fair value of the leased facilities or equipment are accounted for as capital leases in accordance with authoritative guidance for capital leases. These capital lease obligations are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets within other current liabilities and other liabilities. During 2017 and 2016, we acquired equipment under capital leases of $79.1 million and $50.8 million, respectively.

~~Future minimum lease payments under capital lease obligations were as follows for the years ended December 31:~~

Year (Millions)
2018 $ 58.8
2019 35.1
2020 16.9
2021 2.5
2022 0.7
Thereafter 1.1
Total future payments 115.1
Less: Amounts representing interest 8.3
Present value of minimum lease payments $ 106.8

~~Interest Expense~~

~~Interest expense was as follows for the years ended December 31:~~

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Interest expense - long-term debt $ 376.1
$ 350.9
$ 442.0
Interest expense - long-term lease obligations:
Telecommunications network assets 484.9
500.8
351.6
Real estate contributed to pension plan 6.2
5.8
6.7
Impact of interest rate swaps 10.1
11.0
20.5
Interest on capital leases and other 5.1
2.8
2.8
Less capitalized interest expense (7.0 ) (10.7 ) (10.4 )
Total interest expense $ 875.4
$ 860.6
$ 813.2

~~F-81~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~7. Derivatives:~~

Windstream Services enters into interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in its variable rate senior secured credit facility. Derivative instruments are accounted for in accordance with authoritative guidance for recognition, measurement and disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities, including when a derivative or other financial instrument can be designated as a hedge. This guidance requires recognition of all derivative instruments at fair value, and accounting for the changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative has been designated as, qualifies as and is effective as a hedge. Changes in fair value of the effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the current period. Any ineffective portion of the hedges is recognized in earnings in the current period.

~~As of December 31, 2017,~~Chapter 11 Cases, Windstream Services was party to ~~three~~6 pay fixed, receive variable interest rate swap agreements to serve as cash flow hedges of the interest rate risk inherent in its senior secured credit facility. The swaps have a notional value of $675.0 million and mature on October 17, 2021. The average fixed interest rate paid is 2.984 percent and includes a component which serves to settle the liability existing onagreements. Windstream Services swaps at the time of the transaction. Windstream Services also was a party to an additional pay fixed, receive variable interest rate swap agreement with a bank counterparty with a notional value of $200.0 million, fixed interest rate paid of 1.1275 percent and a maturity date of October 17, 2021. The variable rate received on these four swaps is based on one-month LIBOR and resets on the seventeenth day of each month. On February 27, 2017, Windstream Services entered into two new pay fixed, receive variable interest rate swap agreements with bank counterparties with a total notional value of $500.0 million and maturing on October 17, 2021. The fixed rate paid on the new swaps is 1.8812 percent percent. Similar to Windstream Services’ other four swaps, the variable rate received on the new swaps is the one-month LIBOR and resets on the seventeenth day of each month. Windstream Services hashad designated each of ~~its six~~the swaps as cash flow hedges of the interest rate risk inherent in borrowings outstanding under its senior secured credit facility due to changes in the LIBOR benchmark interest rate.

All of the swaps ~~are hedging~~hedged the probable variable cash flows which ~~extend~~extended up to one year beyond the maturity of certain components of Windstream Services’ variable rate debt. ~~Consistent with past practice,~~ Windstream Services ~~expects~~expected to extend or otherwise replace ~~these~~those components of its debt with variable rate debt.

The ~~three renegotiated~~variable rate received on the 6 swaps ~~are~~was based on one-month LIBOR and reset on the seventeenth day of each month. The maturity date for all 6 interest rate swap agreements was October 17, 2021. NaN of the interest rate swaps were off-market swaps, meaning they ~~contain~~contained an embedded financing element, which the swap counterparties ~~recover~~recovered through an incremental charge in the fixed rate over what would behave been charged for an at-market swap. As such, a portion of the cash payment on the swaps ~~represents~~represented the rate that Windstream Services would ~~pay~~have paid on a hypothetical at-market interest rate swap and iswas recognized in interest expense. The remaining portion ~~represents~~represented the repayment of the embedded financing element and ~~reduces~~reduced the initial swap liability. These 3 swaps had a total notional value of $675.0 million and the average fixed interest rate paid was 2.984 percent. The fourth interest rate swap agreement had a notional value of $200.0 million and the fixed interest rate paid was 1.1275 percent. The remaining 2 interest rate swap agreements had a total notional value of $500.0 million and the fixed interest rate paid was 1.8812 percent.

~~As a result of~~Due to previous refinancing transactions, ~~completed in 2013, 2015 and 2016,~~ Windstream Services de-designated certain interest rate swaps and froze the accumulated net gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income related to those swaps. The frozen balance is amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense over the remaining life of the original swaps.

~~All~~Prior to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, all derivative instruments ~~are~~were recognized at fair value ~~in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets~~ as either assets or liabilities, depending on the rights or obligations under the related contracts.

~~Set forth below is information related to our interest rate swap agreements:~~

(Millions, except for percentages) 2017
2016
Designated portion, measured at fair value
Other assets $ 11.8
$ 6.3
Other current liabilities $ 7.8
$ 13.4
Other non-current liabilities $ 10.5
$ 21.9
Accumulated other comprehensive income $ 33.7
$ 22.3
De-designated portion, unamortized value
Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (5.4 ) $ (10.7 )
Weighted average fixed rate paid 0.82 % 1.82 %
Variable rate received 1.49 % 0.74 %

Derivatives are assessed for effectiveness each quarter and any ineffectiveness is recognized in other (expense) income, net in our consolidated statements of operations. Ineffectiveness recognized on the cash flow hedges was $(0.1) million, $1.4 million and $(3.7) million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

~~F-82~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~7. Derivatives, Continued:~~

All or a portion of the change in fair value of Windstream Services’ interest rate swap agreements recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income may be recognized in earnings in certain situations. If Windstream Services extinguishes all of its variable rate debt, or a portion of its variable rate debt such that the variable rate interest received on the swaps exceeds the variable rate interest paid on its debt, all or a portion of the change in fair value of the swaps may be recognized in earnings. In addition, the change in fair value of the swaps may be recognized in earnings if Windstream Services determines it is no longer probable that it will have future variable rate cash flows to hedge against or if a swap agreement is terminated prior to maturity. Windstream Services has assessed the counterparty risk and determined that no substantial risk of default exists as of December 31, 2017. Each counterparty is a bank with a current credit rating at or above A, as determined by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s Corporation and Fitch Ratings.

Windstream Services expects to recognize losses of $0.8 million, net of taxes, in interest expense in the next twelve months related to the unamortized value of the de-designated portion of interest rate swap agreements and the interest settlements for those interest swap agreements at December 31, 2017. Payments on the swaps are presented in the financing activities section of the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows due to the embedded financing element discussed above.

~~Changes in derivative instruments were as follows for the years ended December 31:~~

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Changes in fair value of effective portion, net of tax (a) $ 7.0
$ 4.9
$ (5.4 )
Amortization of unrealized losses on de-designated
interest rate swaps, net of tax (a)
$ 3.3
$ 2.9
$ 7.1


~~(a)~~	~~Included as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and will be reclassified into earnings as the hedged transaction affects earnings.~~

The agreements with each of the derivative counterparties ~~contain~~contained cross-default provisions, whereby if Windstream Services were to default on certain indebtedness, it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations and may be required to net settle any outstanding derivative liability positions with its counterparties at the swap termination value, ~~of $22.8 million~~ including accrued interest and excluding the credit valuation adjustment to measure non-performance risk. ~~In addition, certain~~Due to the adverse court ruling, subsequent filing of the ~~agreements with~~Chapter 11 Cases and cross-default provisions contained within the counterparties contain provisions where if a specified event or condition, such as a merger, occurs that materially changes Windstream Services’ creditworthiness in an adverse manner, Windstream Services may be required to fully collateralize its derivative obligations. At December 31, 2017, Windstream Services had not posted any collateral related to its interest rate swap ~~agreements.~~agreements, the interest rate swaps were classified as current assets and liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

F-87

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

8. Derivatives, Continued:

Following the adverse court ruling, each of the bank counterparties exercised their rights to terminate the interest rate swap agreements. Accordingly, Windstream Services ceased the application of hedge accounting for all 6 interest rate swaps, effective February 15, 2019. For those swaps in an asset position at the date of termination, as determined by the counterparty, Windstream Services received cash proceeds of $9.6 million to settle the derivative contracts. For swaps in a liability position at the date of termination, as determined by the counterparty, the interest rate swaps were adjusted to their termination value of $6.1 million and reclassified as liabilities subject to compromise in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

Upon the discontinuance of hedge accounting, Windstream Services concluded that it was still probable that the hedged transactions (future interest payments) will occur. As a result, the accumulated net gains related to the interest rate swaps recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as of February 15, 2019 were frozen and will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense over the contractual remaining life of the interest rate swaps.

Set forth below is information related to interest rate swap agreements:



(Millions, except for percentages)	2019			2018
Designated portion, measured at fair value
Other current assets	$	—		$	15.3
Other current liabilities	$	—		$	6.8
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	—		$	39.7
De-designated portion, unamortized value
Liabilities subject to compromise	$	6.1		$	—
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	23.6		$	(2.4	)
Weighted average fixed rate paid	2.31		%	2.31		%
Variable rate received	2.48		%	2.46		%

Prior to their termination, payments on the swaps were presented in the financing activities section of the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows due to the embedded financing element discussed above.

Changes in derivative instruments were as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019			2018		2017
Changes in fair value, net of tax	$	(2.4	)	$	2.8	$	7.0
Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on de-designated interest rate swaps, net of tax	$	(7.9	)	$	2.3	$	3.3

As of December 31, 2019, Windstream Services expects to recognize net gains of $9.8 million, net of taxes, in interest expense during the next twelve months related to the unamortized value of the de-designated portion of its terminated interest rate swaps.

F-88

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

8. Derivatives, Continued:

Balance Sheet Offsetting

Prior to the termination of the interest rate swaps, Windstream Services iswas party to master netting arrangements, which ~~are~~were designed to reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with counterparties. For financial statement presentation purposes, Windstream Services ~~does~~did not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements.

The following tables present the assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement as of December 31, ~~2017 and 2016.~~

~~F-83~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~7. Derivatives, Continued:~~

2018. Information pertaining to derivative assets was as follows:



			Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Millions)	Gross Amount of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
December 31, 2018:
Interest rate swaps	$	15.3	$	(3.2	)	$	—	$	12.1

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets

(Millions)
Gross Amount of Recognized
Assets
Net Amount of Assets presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
December 31, 2017:
Interest rate swaps $ 11.8
$ 11.8
$ (2.9 ) $ —
$ 8.9

December 31, 2016:
Interest rate swaps $ 6.3
$ 6.3
$ —
$ —
$ 6.3

Information pertaining to derivative liabilities was as follows:



			Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Millions)	Gross Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
December 31, 2018:
Interest rate swaps	$	6.8	$	(3.2	)	$	—	$	3.6

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets

(Millions) Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities Net Amount of Liabilities presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
December 31, 2017:
Interest rate swaps $ 18.3
$ 18.3
$ (2.9 ) $ —
$ 15.4

December 31, 2016:
Interest rate swaps $ 35.3
$ 35.3
$ —
$ —
$ 35.3

8.9. Fair Value Measurements:

Fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Authoritative guidance defines the following three tier hierarchy for assessing the inputs used in fair value measurements:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs

The highest priority is given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority is given to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurement). Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the determination of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

Our non-financial assets and liabilities, including property, plant and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets and asset retirement obligations, are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. No event occurred during the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 requiring these non-financial assets and liabilities to be subsequently recognized at fair value. Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, ~~long-term~~ debt and interest rate swaps. The carrying amount of cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable was estimated by management to approximate fair value due to the relatively short period of time to maturity for those instruments. Cash equivalents, ~~long-term~~ debt and interest rate swaps (prior to their termination) are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Cash equivalents were not significant as of December 31, ~~2017 or 2016.~~2019.

~~F-84~~F-89

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

8.9. Fair Value Measurements, Continued:

The fair values of cash equivalents, interest rate swaps and ~~long-term~~ debt were determined using the following inputs at December 31:


(Millions)	2017		2016		2019		2018
Recorded at Fair Value in the Financial Statements:
Cash equivalents - Level 1 (a)					$	—	$	310.0
Derivatives:
Interest rate swap assets - Level 2	$	11.8	$	6.3	$	—	$	15.3
Interest rate swap liabilities - Level 2	$	18.3	$	35.3	$	—	$	6.8
Not Recorded at Fair Value in the Financial Statements: (a)
Long-term debt, including current maturities - Level 2	$	4,824.2	$	4,884.4
Not Recorded at Fair Value in the Financial Statements: (b)
Included in current portion of debt - Level 2					$	500.0	$	4,405.8
Included in liabilities subject to compromise - Level 2					$	3,676.1	$	—


(a)	Cash equivalents are highly liquid, actively traded money market funds with next day access.


(b)	Recognized at carrying value of ~~$5,905.9~~$6,099.3 million and ~~$4,914.6~~$5,785.7 million in long-term debt, including current ~~maturities,~~portion, and excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively.

~~The~~Prior to their termination, the fair values of interest rate swaps ~~are~~were determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows using observable, quoted LIBOR swap rates for the full term of the swaps and also incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both Windstream Services’ own non-performance risk and non-performance risk of the respective counterparties. As of December 31, ~~2017 and 2016,~~2018, the fair values of the interest rate swaps were reduced by ~~$4.8~~$2.9 million, ~~and $1.7 million, respectively,~~ to reflect non-performance risk.

In calculating the fair value of Windstream Services’ ~~long-term~~ debt, the fair value of the debentures and notes was calculated based on quoted market prices of the specific issuances in an active market when available. The fair value of the other debt obligations was estimated based on appropriate market interest rates applied to the debt instruments. In calculating the fair value of the Windstream Holdings of the Midwest, Inc. notes, an appropriate market price of similar instruments in an active market considering credit quality, nonperformance risk and maturity of the instrument was used.

We do not have any assets or liabilities measured for purposes of the fair value hierarchy at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). ~~We recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period.~~ There were no ~~other~~ transfers within the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

~~F-85~~

10. Revenues:

The majority of our revenue is derived from providing access to or usage of our networks and facilities we operate.

Contract Balances – Contract assets include unbilled amounts, which result when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer and the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Contract assets principally consist of discounts and promotional credits given to customers. The current and noncurrent portions of contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities consist of services billed in excess of revenue recognized. The changes in contract liabilities are primarily related to customer activity associated with services billed in advance, the receipt of cash payments and the satisfaction of our performance obligations. We classify these amounts as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. The current portion of contract liabilities is included in advance payments, while the noncurrent portion is included in other liabilities or liabilities subject to compromise.

Contract assets and liabilities from contracts with customers were as follows at December 31:



(Millions)	2019		2018
Contract assets (a)	$	32.8	$	12.6
Contract liabilities (b)	$	162.3	$	184.8
Revenues recognized included in the opening contract liability balance	$	172.1	$	194.9

F-90

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

9.10. Revenues, Continued:


(a)	Included $20.8 million and $8.3 million in prepaid expense and other and $12.0 million and $4.3 million in other assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


(b)	Included $148.0 million and $172.1 million in advance payments and $9.9 million and $12.7 million in other liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This amount also included $4.4 million in liabilities subject to compromise as of December 31, 2019.

Remaining Performance Obligations – Our remaining performance obligations represent services we are required to provide to customers under bundled or discounted arrangements, which are satisfied as services are provided over the contract term. Certain contracts provide customers the option to purchase additional services or usage-based services. The fees related to the additional services or usage-based services are recognized when the customer exercises the option, typically on a month-to-month basis. In determining the transaction price allocated, we do not include these non-recurring fees and estimates for usage, nor do we consider arrangements with an original expected duration of less than one year.

Remaining performance obligations reflect recurring charges billed, adjusted for discounts and promotional credits and revenue adjustments. At December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $2.5 billion for contracts with original expected durations of more than one year remaining. We expect to recognize approximately 42 percent, 28 percent and 17 percent of our remaining performance obligations as revenue during 2020, 2021 and 2022, with the remaining balance thereafter.

Revenue by Category – We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by product type for each of our segments, as we believe it best depicts the nature, amount and timing of our revenue. Revenues recognized from contracts with customers by customer and product type for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



(Millions)	Kinetic		Enterprise		Wholesale		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Type of service:
High-speed Internet bundles	$	953.4	$	—	$	—	$	953.4
Voice-only	108.2		—		—		108.2
Video and miscellaneous	38.6		—		—		38.6
Core (a)	—		1,153.0		—		1,153.0
Strategic (b)	—		220.7		—		220.7
Legacy (c)	—		487.0		—		487.0
Small business	299.5		—		—		299.5
Wholesale (d)	208.3		—		272.1		480.4
Switched access (e)	24.3		—		27.3		51.6
Other (g)	—		526.0		—		526.0
Service revenues from contracts with customers	1,632.3		2,386.7		299.4		4,318.4
Product and fiber sales	42.9		36.3		12.6		91.8
Total revenue from contracts with customers	1,675.2		2,423.0		312.0		4,410.2
Other service revenues (h)	399.5		255.5		50.2		705.2
Total revenues and sales	$	2,074.7	$	2,678.5	$	362.2	$	5,115.4

F-91

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

10. Revenues, Continued:

Revenues recognized from contracts with customers by customer and product type for the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows:



(Millions)	Kinetic		Enterprise		Wholesale		Consumer CLEC		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Type of service:
High-speed Internet bundles	$	963.5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	963.5
Voice-only	120.5		—		—		—		120.5
Video and miscellaneous	44.3		—		—		—		44.3
Core (a)	—		1,349.1		—		—		1,349.1
Strategic (b)	—		155.1		—		—		155.1
Legacy (c)	—		608.6		—		—		608.6
Small business	326.1		—		—		—		326.1
Wholesale (d)	226.7		—		299.0		—		525.7
Switched access (e)	28.4		—		34.9		—		63.3
Consumer CLEC (f)	—		—		—		170.4		170.4
Other (g)	—		590.2		—		—		590.2
Service revenues from contracts with customers	1,709.5		2,703.0		333.9		170.4		4,916.8
Product and fiber sales	26.5		48.9		—		0.5		75.9
Total revenue from contracts with customers	1,736.0		2,751.9		333.9		170.9		4,992.7
Other service revenues (h)	404.5		265.0		50.9		—		720.4
Total revenues and sales	$	2,140.5	$	3,016.9	$	384.8	$	170.9	$	5,713.1


(a)	Core revenues consist of dynamic Internet protocol, dedicated Internet access, multi-protocol label switching services, integrated voice and data, long distance, and managed services.


(b)	Strategic revenues consist of Software Defined Wide Area Network (“SD-WAN”), Unified Communications as a Service (“UCaaS”), OfficeSuite©, and associated network access products and services.


(c)	Legacy revenues consist of Time Division Multiplexing (“TDM”) voice and data services.


(d)	Wholesale revenues primarily include revenues from providing special access circuits, fiber connections, data transport and wireless backhaul services.


(e)	Switched access revenues include usage sensitive revenues from long-distance companies and other carriers for access to our network in connection with the completion of long-distance calls, as well as reciprocal compensation received from wireless and other local connecting carriers for use of our network facilities.


(f)	Consumer CLEC revenues include high-speed and dial-up Internet, email and other miscellaneous revenues.


(g)	Other revenues primarily consist of administrative service fees, subscriber line charges, and non-recurring usage-based long-distance revenues.


(h)	Other service revenues primarily include end user surcharges, CAF – Phase II funding, frozen federal USF, state USF and access recovery mechanism (“ARM”) support and lease revenue.

F-92

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

10. Revenues, Continued:

Deferred Commissions and Other Costs to Fulfill a Contract – Direct incremental costs of obtaining a contract, consisting of sales commissions and certain costs associated with activating services, including costs to develop customized solutions and provision services, are deferred and recognized as an operating expense using a portfolio approach over the estimated life of the customer, which ranges from 18 to 36 months.

Determining the amount of costs to fulfill requires judgment. In determining costs to fulfill, consideration is given to periodic time studies, management estimates and statistics from internal information systems.

Collectively, deferred commissions and other costs to fulfill a contract are referred to as deferred contract costs. We classify deferred contract costs as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred contract costs are included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Deferred contract costs totaled $53.8 million at December 31, 2019, of which $34.9 million and $18.9 million were included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets, respectively. At December 31, 2018, deferred contract costs were $45.5 million, of which $30.4 million and $15.1 million were included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets, respectively.

Amortization of deferred contract costs was $41.2 million and $42.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There was 0 impairment loss recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, related to deferred contract costs.

11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits:

We maintain a non-contributory qualified defined benefit pension plan. Future benefit accruals for all eligible nonbargaining employees covered by the pension plan have ceased. We also maintain supplemental executive retirement plans that provide unfunded, non-qualified supplemental retirement benefits to a select group of management employees. Additionally, we provide postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits for eligible employees. Employees share in, and we fund, the costs of these plans as benefits are paid.

The components of pension benefit expense (income) (including provision for executive retirement agreements) and postretirement benefits expense ~~(income)~~ were as follows for the years ended December 31:



	Pension Benefits									Postretirement Benefits
(Millions)	2019			2018			2017			2019			2018			2017
Benefits earned during the year (a)	$	3.0		$	3.5		$	8.1		$	—		$	—		$	—
Interest cost on benefit obligation (b)	43.8			43.1			46.3			0.8			0.8			1.1
Net actuarial loss (b)	6.7			14.9			10.5			—			—			—
Amortization of net actuarial loss (b)	—			—			—			—			0.2			0.1
Amortization of prior service credit (b)	(1.0		)	(4.8		)	(0.4		)	(0.3		)	(0.3		)	(0.3		)
Plan curtailments (b)	—			(2.7		)	—			(0.1		)	—			—
Expected return on plan assets (b)	(49.5		)	(55.0		)	(54.4		)	—			—			—
Net periodic benefit expense (income)	$	3.0		$	(1.0	)	$	10.1		$	0.4		$	0.7		$	0.9

Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
2017
2016
2015
Benefits earned during the year $ 8.1
$ 8.7
$ 9.5
$ —
$ —
$ —
Interest cost on benefit obligation 46.3
53.2
53.2
1.1
1.3
1.3
Net actuarial loss 10.5
60.7
8.7
—
—
—
Amortization of net actuarial loss —
—
—
0.1
0.2
1.0
Amortization of prior service credit (0.4 ) (0.3 ) (0.1 ) (0.3 ) (0.8 ) (3.8 )
Plan curtailments and settlements —
0.1
—
—
(5.5 ) (18.0 )
Expected return on plan assets (54.4 ) (63.3 ) (70.1 ) —
—
—
Net periodic benefit expense (income) $ 10.1
$ 59.1
$ 1.2
$ 0.9
$ (4.8 ) $ (19.5 )


(a)	Included in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expense.


(b)	Included in other expense, net.

During ~~October 2016, Windstream Services settled $138.5 million~~2018, we amended the qualified defined benefit pension plan for certain eligible bargaining participants, the effects of ~~its pension~~which (i) froze benefit ~~obligations by irrevocably transferring the retiree pension liabilities~~accruals upon reaching 30 years of service, (ii) provided for an unreduced early retirement benefit for participants with 30 years of service and (iii) added a lump-sum payment option. Changes to ~~an insurance company through the purchase of group annuity contracts. The purchase~~these benefit provisions required remeasurement of the ~~annuity contracts was~~pension plan’s funded ~~with pension plan assets. In connection with the settlement, Windstream Services re-measured its pension benefit obligations~~status as of ~~the settlement date. In accordance with our accounting policy, we immediately recognize as net periodic benefit expense any actuarial gains or losses arising due to changes in~~June 30, 2018 based on updated census data and actuarial assumptions, ~~at year-end or whenever an interim re-measurement is required.~~including the discount rate, which increased from 3.68 percent to 4.31 percent, and fair value of plan assets. As a result ~~Windstream Services~~of the remeasurement, we recognized a ~~pre-tax actuarial loss~~curtailment gain of ~~$68.2~~$2.7 million, ~~in the fourth quarter~~prior service credits of ~~2016. The actuarial loss primarily resulted from~~$2.8 million and a reduction in the discount rate used to measure the pension benefit obligations from 4.55 percent at January 1, 2016 to 3.80 percent as of the settlement date. The actuarial loss from the settlement was partially offset by a pre-taxnet actuarial gain ~~due to the annual year-end measurement~~ of ~~our pension benefit obligations and reflected the effects of an increase in the discount rate from 3.80 percent to 4.19 percent at December 31, 2016.~~

During 2016, we made changes to our postretirement medical plan, eliminating medical and prescription drug subsidies primarily for certain active participants effective March 14, 2016. As a result, we remeasured the plan and recognized curtailment gains totaling $5.5 million, of which $4.5 million was recognized in cost of services and $1.0 million was recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses, with the offsetting effect recorded as a reduction in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

During 2015, we made changes to our postretirement medical plan, eliminating medical and prescription drug subsidies primarily for certain active participants effective on June 8, 2015, October 1, 2015, and November 1, 2015. As a result, we remeasured the plan and recognized curtailment gains totaling $18.0 million, of which $14.3 million was recognized in cost of services expenses and $3.7 million was recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses, with the offsetting effects recorded as a reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income of $18.0$5.6 million.

F-93

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:

In determining our annual postretirement benefits cost, we amortize unrecognized actuarial gains and losses exceeding 10.0 percent of the projected benefit obligation over the lesser of 10 years or the average remaining service life of active ~~employees.~~employees or life expectancy of inactive participants. We do not amortize unrecognized actuarial gains and losses below the 10.0 percent corridor.

~~F-86~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~9. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:~~

A summary of plan assets, projected benefit obligation and funded status of the plans (including executive retirement agreements) were as follows at December 31:


	Pension Benefits						Postretirement Benefits						Pension Benefits						Postretirement Benefits
(Millions)	2017			2016			2017			2016			2019			2018			2019			2018
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	799.4		$	966.6		$	0.4		$	0.4		$	740.9		$	841.4		$	0.4		$	0.4
Actual return on plan assets	97.3			46.5			—			—			163.8			(41.1		)	—			—
Employer contributions (a)	30.1			2.2			3.0			2.5			15.9			18.5			0.8			1.3
Participant contributions	—			—			3.0			3.6			—			—			2.7			2.8
Benefits paid (b)	(85.9		)	(68.7		)	(6.0		)	(6.1		)	(66.6		)	(77.9		)	(3.5		)	(4.1		)
Settlements	0.5			(147.2		)	—			—			—			—			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	841.4		$	799.4		$	0.4		$	0.4		$	854.0		$	740.9		$	0.4		$	0.4
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	1,145.4		$	1,255.5		$	28.0		$	29.0		$	1,043.0		$	1,157.9		$	19.7		$	27.4
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	46.3			53.2			1.1			1.3			43.8			43.1			0.8			0.8
Service costs	8.1			8.7			—			—
Service cost													4.5			6.2			—			—
Participant contributions	—			—			3.0			3.6			—			—			2.7			2.8
Plan amendments	(9.1		)	—			—			—			—			(2.8		)	(0.3		)	—
Actuarial loss	53.1			43.8			1.3			0.2
Actuarial (gain) loss													121.0			(80.8		)	2.5			(7.2		)
Benefits paid (b)	(85.9		)	(68.7		)	(6.0		)	(6.1		)	(66.6		)	(77.9		)	(3.5		)	(4.1		)
Settlements	—			(147.1		)	—			—
Curtailments													—			(2.7		)	—			—
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	$	1,157.9		$	1,145.4		$	27.4		$	28.0		$	1,145.7		$	1,043.0		$	21.9		$	19.7
Plan assets less than projected benefit obligation recognized in the consolidated balance sheet:
Current liabilities	$	(20.1	)	$	(27.9	)	$	(1.9	)	$	(1.9	)	$	(53.7	)	$	(16.0	)	$	(1.3	)	$	(1.3	)
Noncurrent liabilities	(296.4		)	(318.1		)	(25.1		)	(25.7		)	(238.0		)	(286.1		)	(20.2		)	(18.0		)
Funded status recognized in the consolidated balance sheets	$	(316.5	)	$	(346.0	)	$	(27.0	)	$	(27.6	)	$	(291.7	)	$	(302.1	)	$	(21.5	)	$	(19.3	)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:
Net actuarial loss	$	—		$	—		$	(5.9	)	$	(4.7	)
Net actuarial loss (gain)													$	—		$	—		$	(1.0	)	$	1.5
Prior service credits	10.2			1.5			1.2			1.5			7.2			8.2			0.8			0.9
Net amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income	$	10.2		$	1.5		$	(4.7	)	$	(3.2	)	$	7.2		$	8.2		$	(0.2	)	$	2.4


(a)	During ~~2017,~~2019, we made contributions totaling ~~$29.0~~$15.2 million to the qualified pension plan to satisfy our ~~2017~~2019 and remaining ~~2016~~2018 funding requirements using ~~proceeds from the ATM Program and~~ available cash on hand. We also contributed ~~$3.0~~$0.8 million to the postretirement ~~plan excluding amounts that were funded by participant contributions to the~~ plan.


(b)	Pension benefits paid from Windstream’s assets totaled ~~$1.1 million and $0.9~~$0.8 million in ~~2017~~both 2019 and ~~2016, respectively.~~2018. All postretirement benefits in both years were paid from Windstream’s general corporate assets in both years.

~~Estimated amounts~~Significant changes in the pension projected benefit obligation for the year ended 2019 include an actuarial loss of $109.0 million attributable to ~~be amortized~~the change in discount rate from ~~accumulated~~4.34 percent to 3.37 percent and an actuarial loss of $3.0 million attributable to other ~~comprehensive income into net periodic benefit expense (income) in 2017,~~assumption changes, including ~~executive retirement agreements, are as follows:~~the update to the lump sum conversion basis and the update to the base mortality table and generational mortality projection scale to reflect the most recently published tables.

F-94

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

(Millions)
Pension
Benefits

Postretirement
Benefits
Net actuarial loss $ —
$ 0.3
Prior service credits $ (4.7 ) $ (0.3 )

11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:

Significant changes in the postretirement projected benefit obligation for 2019 included an actuarial loss of $2.5 million attributable to the change in discount rate from 4.38 percent to 3.37 percent, an actuarial loss of $0.5 million attributable to other assumption changes, including updates to per capita claims cost and medical trend rates, and updates to the base mortality tables and generational mortality projection scale to reflect the most recently published tables and scales, an actuarial gain of $0.4 million attributable to changes in plan provisions for various participants and an actuarial gain of $0.3 million due to plan experience.

The accumulated benefit obligation of our pension plan and executive retirement agreements was ~~$1,141.7~~$1,133.1 million, ~~$1,105.5~~$1,033.2 million and ~~$1,236.9~~$1,141.7 million at December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, respectively.

~~F-87~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~9. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:~~

Assumptions – Actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension and postretirement benefits expense (income) were as follows for the years ended December 31:



	Pension Benefits						Postretirement Benefits
(Millions)	2019		2018		2017		2019		2018		2017
Discount rate	4.34	%	4.00	%	4.19	%	4.38	%	3.74	%	4.26	%
Expected return on plan assets	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.00	%	2.00	%	2.00	%	—	%	—	%	—	%

Pension Benefits (a) Postretirement Benefits
(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
2017
2016
2015
Discount rate 4.19 % 4.40 % 4.14 % 4.26 % 4.67 % 4.21 %
Expected return on plan assets 7.00 % 7.00 % 7.00 % 7.00 % 7.00 % 7.00 %
Rate of compensation increase 2.00 % 2.00 % 2.00 % — % — % — %


~~(a)~~	As a result of the remeasurement of our pension benefit obligation due to the purchase of annuities as previously discussed, key assumptions including the discount rate were updated as of the remeasurement date.

Actuarial assumptions used to calculate the ~~projected~~ benefit obligations were as follows at December 31:



	Pension Benefits				Postretirement Benefits
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Discount rate	3.37	%	4.34	%	3.37	%	4.38	%
Expected return on plan assets	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.00	%	2.00	%	—	%	—	%

Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits

2017
2016
2017
2016
Discount rate 3.68 % 4.19 % 3.74 % 4.26 %
Expected return on plan assets 7.00 % 7.00 % 7.00 % 7.00 %
Rate of compensation increase 2.00 % 2.00 % — % — %

In developing the expected long-term rate of return assumption, we considered the plan’s historical rate of return, as well as input from our investment advisors. Projected returns on qualified pension plan assets were based on broad equity and bond indices and include a targeted asset allocation of ~~28.0~~31.0 percent to equities, ~~55.0~~49.0 percent to fixed income securities, and ~~17.0~~20.0 percent to alternative investments, with an aggregate expected long-term rate of return of approximately 7.0 percent.

Information regarding the healthcare cost trend rate was as follows for the years ended December 31:



	2019		2018
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year	7.00	%	6.25	%
Rate that the cost trend ultimately declines to	5.00	%	5.00	%
Year that the rate reaches the terminal rate	2028		2024

2017
2016
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.50 % 6.75 %
Rate that the cost trend ultimately declines to 5.00 % 5.00 %
Year that the rate reaches the terminal rate 2024
2024

For the year ended December 31, 2017, a one percent increase in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate would increase the postretirement benefit cost by approximately $0.1 million, while a one percent decrease in the rate would reduce the postretirement benefit cost by approximately $0.1 million. As of December 31, 2017, a one percent increase in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate would increase the postretirement benefit obligation by approximately $2.3 million, while a one percent decrease in the rate would reduce the postretirement benefit obligation by approximately $1.9 million.

Plan Assets – Our pension plan assets are allocated to asset categories based on the specific strategy employed by the asset’s investment manager. The asset allocation for our pension plan by asset category was as follows for the years ended December 31:



	Target Allocation	Percentage of Plan Assets
Asset Category	2020	2019		2018
Equity securities	23.7% - 38.7%	32.3	%	24.4	%
Fixed income securities	32.6% - 62.6%	46.8	%	53.5	%
Alternative investments	12.3% - 27.3%	19.2	%	21.6	%
Money market and other short-term interest bearing securities	0.0% - 6.5%	1.7	%	0.5	%
		100.0	%	100.0	%

Target Allocation Percentage of Plan Assets
Asset Category 2018 2017
2016
Equity securities 22.4% - 32.4% 28.9 % 27.8 %
Fixed income securities 42% - 67% 53.3 % 54.3 %
Alternative investments 11.6% - 21.6% 15.7 % 16.5 %
Money market and other short-term interest bearing securities 0.0% - 6.5% 2.1 % 1.4 %
100.0 % 100.0 %

~~F-88~~F-95

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

9.11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:

We utilize a third party to assist in evaluating the allocation of the total assets in the pension trust, taking into consideration the pension liabilities and funded status of the pension plan. Assets are managed utilizing a liability driven investment approach, meaning that assets are managed within a risk management framework which addresses the need to generate incremental returns in the context of an appropriate level of risk, based on plan liability profiles and changes in funded status. The return objectives are to satisfy funding obligations when and as prescribed by law and to keep pace with the growth of the pension plan liabilities. Given the long time horizon for paying out benefits and our strong financial condition, the pension plan can accept an average level of risk relative to other similar plans. The liquidity needs of the pension plan are manageable given that lump sum payments are not available to most participants.

Equity securities include stocks of both large and small capitalization domestic and international companies. Equity securities are expected to provide both diversification and long-term real asset growth. Domestic equities may include modest holdings of non-U.S. equities, purchased by domestic equity managers as long as they are traded in the U.S and denominated in U.S. dollars and both active and passive (index) investment strategies. International equities provide a broad exposure to return opportunities and investment characteristics associated with the world equity markets outside the U.S. The pension plan’s equity holdings are diversified by investment style, market capitalization, market or region, and economic sector. The pension plan is permitted to make investments in our common stock.

Fixed income securities include securities issued by the U.S. Government and other governmental agencies, asset-backed securities and debt securities issued by domestic and international entities, and derivative instruments comprised of swaps, futures, forwards and options. These securities are expected to provide diversification benefits, and are expected to reduce asset volatility and pension funding volatility, and a stable source of income.

Alternative investments may include hedge ~~funds and hedge funds of~~ funds, commodities, both private and public real estate and private equity investments. In addition to attractive diversification benefits, the alternative investments are expected to provide both income and capital appreciation.

Investments in money market and other short-term interest bearing securities are maintained to provide liquidity for benefit payments with protection of principal being the primary objective.

The fair values of our pension plan assets were determined using the following inputs as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:


				Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs					Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Millions)	Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market fund (a)	$	56.0		$	—	$	56.0	$	—
Common collective trust funds (b)	202.0			—		202.0		—
Money market fund and interest bearing cash (a)										$	53.2		$	—	$	53.2	$	—
Common collective and other trust funds (b)										282.1			—		282.1		—
Government and agency securities (c)	250.7			—		250.7		—		170.9			—		170.9		—
Corporate bonds and asset backed securities (c)	27.3			—		27.3		—
Common and preferred stocks - domestic (c)	35.0			35.0		—		—		21.1			21.1		—		—
Common and preferred stocks - international (c)	26.5			26.5		—		—		25.3			25.3		—		—
Mutual fund (c)	51.7			51.7		—		—
Real estate LLCs (d)	72.7			—		—		72.7		68.8			—		—		68.8
Derivative financial instruments (e)	6.4			—		6.4		—
Other investments (f)	1.3			0.5		—		0.8
Other investments (e)										2.6			0.8		1.8		—
Investments included in fair value hierarchy	729.6			$	113.7	$	542.4	$	73.5	624.0			$	47.2	$	508.0	$	68.8
Other investments measured at NAV:
Pooled funds (g)	85.1
Real estate and private equity funds (h)	36.6
Pooled funds (f)										184.9
Private equity funds (g)										43.4
Total investments	851.3									852.3
Dividends and interest receivable	4.4									4.8
Pending trades and other liabilities	(14.3		)							(3.1		)
Total plan assets	$	841.4								$	854.0

~~F-89~~F-96

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

9.11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:

The fair values of our pension plan assets were determined using the following inputs as of December 31, ~~2016:~~2018:



				Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Millions)	Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market fund and interest bearing cash (a)	$	41.0		$	—	$	41.0	$	—
Common collective and other trust funds (b)	137.6			—		137.6		—
Government and agency securities (c)	241.1			—		241.1		—
Corporate bonds and asset backed securities (c)	21.6			—		21.6		—
Common and preferred stocks - domestic (c)	21.8			21.8		—		—
Common and preferred stocks - international (c)	29.2			29.2		—		—
Mutual fund (c)	42.5			42.5		—		—
Real estate LLCs (d)	70.3			—		—		70.3
Other investments (e)	1.2			0.4		—		0.8
Investments included in fair value hierarchy	606.3			$	93.9	$	441.3	$	71.1
Other investments measured at NAV:
Pooled funds (f)	96.5
Private equity funds (g)	40.0
Total investments	742.8
Dividends and interest receivable	1.0
Pending trades and other liabilities	(2.9		)
Total plan assets	$	740.9

Quoted Price in
Active
Markets for
Identical Assets

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Millions) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Money market fund (a) $ 54.6
$ —
$ 54.6
$ —
Common collective trust funds (b) 183.2
—
183.2
—
Government and agency securities (c) 224.8
—
224.8
—
Corporate bonds and asset backed securities (c) 30.5
—
30.5
—
Common and preferred stocks - domestic (c) 31.3
31.3
—
—
Common and preferred stocks - international (c) 22.5
22.5
—
—
Mutual fund (c) 49.1
49.1
—
—
Real estate LLCs (d) 78.4
—
—
78.4
Derivative financial instruments (e) 8.9
—
8.9
—
Other investments (f) 1.3
0.5
—
0.8
Investments included in fair value hierarchy 684.6
$ 103.4
$ 502.0
$ 79.2
Other investments measured at NAV:
Pooled funds (g) 84.2

Real estate and private equity funds (h) 34.3

Total investments 803.1

Dividends and interest receivable 7.2

Pending trades and other liabilities (10.9 )
Total plan assets $ 799.4

(a)

Money market fund is valued based on the fair value of the underlying assets held as determined by the fund manager on the last business day of the year. The underlying assets are mostly comprised of certificates of deposit, time deposits and commercial paper valued at amortized cost. The carrying amount of interest bearing cash is estimated to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of this investment.

(b)

Units in common collective and other trust funds are valued by reference to the funds' underlying assets and are based on the net asset value as reported by the fund manager on the last business day of the year. The underlying assets are mostly comprised of publicly traded equity securities and fixed income securities. These securities are valued at the official closing price of, or the last reported sale prices as of the close of business or, in the absence of any sales, at the latest available bid price.

(c)

Government and agency securities, corporate bonds and asset backed securities, common and preferred stocks, and mutual funds traded in active markets on securities exchanges are valued at their quoted market price on the last day of the year. Securities traded in markets that are not considered active are valued based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Securities that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are valued using best estimates, including unobservable inputs.


(d)	This category consists of real estate properties contributed by Windstream to limited liability companies ~~("LLCs"~~(“LLCs”) wholly- owned by the pension plan. The fair value of these properties is based on independent appraisals. (See also Note 6.7.)

(e)

Other investments consist of derivative financial instruments, a guaranteed annuity contract and investments in foreign currency. Derivative financial instruments ~~consist primarily of swaps and~~ are valued ~~at fair value~~ based on models that reflect the contractual terms of the instruments. Inputs include ~~primarily~~ observable market information, such as ~~swap curves,~~ benchmark yields, ~~rating updates~~swap curves and interdealer broker quotes at the end of the year.


~~(f)~~	~~Other investments consist of a guaranteed annuity contract and investments in foreign currency.~~ The guaranteed annuity contract is reported at contract value which approximates fair value and is based on the value of the underlying contracts as determined by the insurance company. Investments in foreign currency are valued at their quoted market price on the last day of the year.

~~F-90~~F-97

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

9.11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:


~~(g)~~(f)	The pooled investment funds are valued based on the net asset value of the fund as determined by the fund manager on the last business day of the year, and is derived from the fair value of each underlying investment held by the pooled fund. These investments have not been classified within the fair value hierarchy.

~~(h)~~(g)

The real estate fund is valued based on the net asset value of the fund on the last business day of the year. The net asset value is derived from the fair value of the underlying net assets of the fund. Private equity funds consist of investments in limited partnerships and are valued based on the pension plan's capital account balance at year end as reported in the audited financial statements of the partnership. These investments have not been classified within the fair value hierarchy.

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of pension plan assets that are measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs:



(Millions)	Real estate LLCs			Guaranteed annuity contract			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	72.7		$	0.8		$	73.5
Unrealized (loss) gains	(2.4		)	0.1			(2.3		)
Purchases and sales, net	—			(0.1		)	(0.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	70.3		$	0.8		$	71.1
Unrealized (loss) gains	(1.5		)	0.1			(1.4		)
Purchases and sales, net	—			(0.9		)	(0.9		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	68.8		$	—		$	68.8

(Millions) Domestic equities Real estate LLCs Guaranteed annuity contract Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 0.1
$ 76.6
$ 1.1
$ 77.8
Unrealized (loss) gains (0.1 ) 1.8
0.1
1.8
Purchases and sales, net —
—
(0.4 ) (0.4 )
Balance at December 31, 2016 —
78.4
0.8
79.2
Unrealized (loss) gains —
(5.7 ) 0.1
(5.6 )
Purchases and sales, net —
—
(0.1 ) (0.1 )
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ —
$ 72.7
$ 0.8
$ 73.5

~~Transfers between levels of~~There were no transfers within the fair value hierarchy ~~are recognized at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers in or out of levels 1, 2, or 3 for~~during the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~2018.

There have been no significant changes in the methodology used to value investments from prior year. The valuation methods used may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, although the valuation methods are consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

Estimated Future Employer Contributions and Benefit Payments – Estimated future employer contributions, benefit payments, including executive retirement agreements, are as follows as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:



(Millions)	Pension Benefits		Postretirement Benefits
Expected employer contributions in 2020	$	53.7	$	1.3
Expected benefit payments:
2020	$	80.1	$	1.3
2021	79.0		1.2
2022	77.5		1.2
2023	75.2		1.2
2024	74.1		1.1
2025-2029	345.6		6.1

(Millions)
Pension
Benefits

Postretirement
Benefits
Expected employer contributions in 2018 $ 20.1
$ 1.9
Expected benefit payments:
2018 $ 77.9
$ 1.9
2019 78.9
1.6
2020 77.9
1.5
2021 76.3
1.4
2022 76.1
1.4
2023-2027 360.1
7.0

~~F-91~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~9. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:~~

For ~~2018,~~2020, the expected employer contribution for pension benefits consists of ~~$19.2~~$52.8 million to the qualified pension plan to satisfy our remaining ~~2017~~2019 and ~~our~~ 2018 annual funding requirements and $0.9 million necessary to fund the expected benefit payments of our unfunded supplemental executive retirement pension plans to avoid certain benefit restrictions. We intend to fund these contributions using ~~our common stock, cash or a combination thereof.~~cash.

F-98

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

11. Employee Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefits, Continued:

Employee Savings Plan – We also sponsor an employee savings plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which covers substantially all salaried employees and certain bargaining unit employees. Windstream matches on an annual basis up to a maximum of 4.0 percent of employee pre-tax contributions to the plan for employees contributing up to 5.0 percent of their eligible pre-tax compensation. Excluding amounts capitalized, we recorded expense of $25.5 million, $22.0 million and $22.9 million ~~$21.1 million~~in 2019, 2018 and ~~$19.3 million in~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively, related to our matching contribution under the employee savings plan, which was included in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. ~~Expense related to our 2017~~Our 2019 matching contribution ~~expected to~~will be funded in 2020 and made in ~~Windstream stock is included in share-based compensation expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flow.~~cash. In ~~March 2017,~~2019, we contributed ~~3.1~~$26.4 million in cash to the plan for the 2018 annual matching and other contributions. During 2018, we contributed 3.6 million shares of our common stock with a fair value of $28.3 million, as determined by the plan trustee, to the plan for the 2017 annual matching and other contributions. During 2017, we contributed 0.6 million shares of our common stock with a value of approximately $22.7 million, as determined by the plan trustee, and $0.6 million in cash to the plan for the 2016 annual matching contribution. During 2016, we contributed 3.2 million shares of our common stock with a value of $24.0 million to the plan for the 2015 annual matching contribution. During 2015, we contributed 2.7 million shares of our common stock to the plan for the 2014 annual matching contribution. At the time of these contributions, the shares had a value of approximately $21.6 million as determined by the plan trustee.

~~10.~~12. Share-Based Compensation Plans:

~~Under the~~In May 2018, our stockholders approved amendments to our Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), which (i) extended the term of the Incentive Plan through February 6, 2023 and (ii) increased the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance or delivery under the Incentive Plan to 6.8 million. Under the Incentive Plan, we may issue ~~a maximum of 24.3 million~~ equity stock awards in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights or stock options. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the Incentive Plan had remaining capacity of ~~3.7~~2.3 million awards. As

Stock Options – There were 0 stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019. In 2018, our Board of Directors granted 1.1 million stock options to certain officers, executives and other key management employees. Under terms of the grant award, the stock options vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant and the exercise price of the option equaled the market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The maximum term for each option granted is 10 years. We measure the cost of employee stock options based on the grant-date fair value and recognize that cost on a straight-line basis over the period in which a recipient is required to provide services in exchange for the options, which is equal to the vesting period. Our practice is to issue new shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options.

The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $4.25 per share using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following weighted average assumptions: expected life of 6.1 years, expected volatility of 58.7 percent and risk-free interest rate of 2.6 percent.

We had 0.9 million and 1.0 million of stock option awards outstanding as of December 31, ~~2017, we had additional remaining capacity~~2019 and 2018, respectively, all of ~~6.6~~which have exercise prices that are significantly higher than the current market price of our common stock and, therefore, are not likely to be exercised. At December 31, 2019, total unamortized compensation cost for non-vested stock option awards amounted to $1.2 million ~~awards from~~and is expected to be recognized over a ~~similar equity incentive plan assumed~~weighted average period of 1.2 years. Share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1.1 million in ~~the merger with EarthLink.~~2019 and $1.0 million in 2018.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units - Our board of directors ~~approves~~may approve grants of restricted stock and restricted stock units to officers, executives, non-employee directors and certain management employees. ~~These grants include the standard annual grants to these employee and director groups as a key component of their annual incentive compensation plan and one-time grants.~~ Grants may include time-based and performance-based awards. Time-based awards granted to employees generally vest over a service period of two or three years. Performance-based restricted stock units may vest in a number of shares from ~~zero~~0 to 150.0 percent of their award based on attainment of specified targets over a three-year period.

~~The 2017~~There were no service-based restricted stock ~~grants were approved by the board of directors~~units granted in 2019. In February ~~2017 and were comprised of both time-based and performance based~~2019, we granted 0.7 million performance-based restricted stock ~~units.~~units with a grant date fair value of $2.4 million that were scheduled to vest three years from the date of grant. These awards were subsequently canceled and replaced with cash-based awards during the second quarter of 2019. There were no performance-based restricted units granted in 2018. In 2017, Windstream granted 0.7 million performance-based restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $26.1 million that vest ratably over the remaining service period (up to 3 years) or vest contingently at the end of the performance period. The three-year operating ~~targets~~target for the ~~performance based~~performance-based restricted stock units ~~were~~granted in 2017 was approved by the board of directors in May 2017. ~~The 2016~~During the second quarter of 2019, we determined that the three-year operating targets for the performance based restricted stock units were approved by the board of directors in February 2016. For performance-based restricted stock units granted in 2015 the operating targets for the third vesting period were approved by the board of directors in February 2017. For the 2017, 2016 and 2015 annual measurement periods, each of the operating targets weretarget would not be met by the end of ~~their respective~~the measurement periods. We calculate the fair value of the award based on Windstream Holdings’ closing price on the grant date determined in accordance with the applicable authoritative guidance. For accounting purposes, the grant date is deemed to be the date on which the performance measures are set, which may differ from the actual grant date.

During the third quarter of 2017, we granted approximately 1.1 million restricted shares to new executive employees as an inducement to join Windstream, including four former employees of Broadview. Each of the equityperiod, and accordingly, all compensation expense previously recognized for these performance-based awards was granted as a material inducement for the employee’s acceptance of employment with Windstream and generally addressed forfeited compensation and compensation opportunities with a former employer. Subject to each employee’s continued service through the applicable vesting dates, one-third of each reward will vest on March 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. These equity awards were approved by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors of Windstream and the shares were granted outside of the Incentive Plan.reversed.

~~F-92~~F-99

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~10.~~12. Share-Based Compensation Plans, Continued:

In light of our Chapter 11 filing, the vesting date for certain service-based restricted stock was extended from March 1, 2019, May 1, 2019 and March 1, 2020 to December 1, 2020. Additionally, the delivery of shares for performance-based restricted stock units vested on March 1, 2019 was delayed until March 14, 2020.

The vesting periods and grant date fair ~~value~~values for restricted stock and restricted stock units issued, including the EarthLink replacement awards issued in 2017, were as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Number of shares in thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Service-based restricted stock and restricted units:
Vest variably over remaining service period, up to three-years	—		—		571.7
Vest ratably over a three-year service period	—		—		490.3
Vest one year from date of grant, service based - granted to non-employee directors	—		109.6		41.4
Vest immediately on date of grant, service based - granted to non-employee directors	—		41.1		—
Vest three years from date of grant, service based	—		—		6.8
Total granted	—		150.7		1,110.2
Grant date fair value (Dollars in millions)	$	—	$	1.1	$	33.3

(Number of shares in thousands) 2017
2016
2015
Service-based restricted stock and restricted units:
Vest variably over remaining service period, up to three-years 2,858.7
1,380.9
2,739.2
Vest ratably over a three-year service period 2,451.4
—
—
Vest variably over a three-year service period —
—
62.6
Vest one year from date of grant, service based - granted to
non-employee directors
207.2
198.0
73.7
Vest two years from date of grant, service based —
53.2
6.9
Vest three years from date of grant, service based 33.8
53.6
381.1
Total granted 5,551.1
1,685.7
3,263.5
Grant date fair value (Dollars in millions) $ 33.3
$ 9.9
$ 35.0
Performance restricted units:
Vest variably over remaining required service period, up to three years 2,370.9
—
—
Vest contingently at the end of the respective performance period 1,258.6
1,380.0
283.4
Total granted 3,629.5
1,380.0
283.4
Grant date fair value (Dollars in millions) $ 26.1
$ 7.9
$ 2.9

~~Service-based restricted~~Restricted stock and restricted unit activity for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 was as follows:



	Service-Based				Performance-Based
	(Thousands) Underlying Number of Shares		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share		(Thousands) Underlying Number of Shares		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested at December 31, 2018	522.1		$	23.34	325.4		$	28.35
Granted	—		$	—	698.5		$	3.40
Vested	(143.5	)	$	32.57	(160.8	)	$	28.91
Forfeited	(19.0	)	$	34.83	(740.1	)	$	4.77
Non-vested at December 31, 2019	359.6		$	19.05	123.0		$	27.80

(Thousands)
Underlying Number of
Shares

Weighted
Average Fair
Value Per Share
Non-vested at December 31, 2016 3,283.8
$ 10.27
Replacement grants related to merger with EarthLink 2,858.7
$ 7.19
Granted 2,692.4
$ 4.72
Vested (2,664.7 ) $ 10.13
Forfeited (1,056.1 ) $ 7.43
Non-vested at December 31, 2017 5,114.1
$ 6.29

~~Performance restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2017 was as follows:~~

(Thousands)
Underlying Number of
Shares

Weighted
Average Fair
Value Per Share
Non-vested at December 31, 2016 1,206.3
$ 5.64
Replacement grants related to merger with EarthLink 2,370.9
$ 7.19
Granted 1,258.6
$ 7.22
Vested (1,780.7 ) $ 7.30
Forfeited (451.6 ) $ 6.17
Non-vested at December 31, 2017 2,603.5
$ 6.58

At December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, unrecognized compensation expense for restricted stock and restricted stock units totaled ~~$22.2~~$0.6 million and ~~is expected to~~will be recognized ~~over the weighted average vesting period of 1.5 years. Unrecognized compensation expense is included~~ in ~~additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and statements of shareholders’ and member equity.~~2020. The total fair value of shares vested was $9.3 million, $22.7 million and $40.0 million ~~$22.9 million~~during 2019, 2018 and ~~$23.9 million during~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively. Share-based compensation expense recognized for restricted stock and restricted stock units was $1.6 million, $10.3 million and $32.5 million ~~$19.9 million~~for 2019, 2018 and ~~$25.0 million for~~ 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively.

~~F-93~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~10. Share-Based Compensation Plans, Continued:~~

In addition to including amounts related to restricted stock and restricted units, share-based compensation expense presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flow also includes ~~amounts related to certain management incentive compensation plans and~~ the matching contribution to the employee savings plan for which payments to eligible participants ~~are expected to be~~were made in Windstream Holdings common stock. ~~Except for 2015 payments made under the applicable management incentive compensation plans had been in the form of cash.~~ A summary of share-based compensation expense was as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019		2018		2017
Restricted stock, restricted units and stock options	$	2.7	$	11.3	$	32.5
Employee savings plan (See Note 11)	—		—		22.9
Share-based compensation expense	$	2.7	$	11.3	$	55.4

F-100

(Millions) 2017 2016 2015
Restricted stock and restricted units and stock options $ 32.5
$ 19.9
$ 25.0
Employee savings plan (See Note 9) 22.9
21.1
19.3
Management incentive compensation plans —
0.6
11.0
Share-based compensation expense $ 55.4
$ 41.6
$ 55.3

~~11.~~

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

13. Merger, Integration and Other Costs and Restructuring Charges:

We incur costs to complete a merger or acquisition and integrate its operations into our business which are presented as merger and integration expense in our consolidated results of operations. These costs include transaction costs, such as accounting, legal, consulting and broker fees; severance and related costs; IT and network conversion; rebranding and marketing; and contract termination fees. ~~During~~In 2017, we incurred investment banking fees, legal, accounting and other consulting fees, severance and employee benefit costs, contract and lease termination costs, and other integration expenses related to the mergers with EarthLink and Broadview. We also incurred legal fees in 2017 related to pending litigation related to the REIT spin-off. During 2015, we incurred investment banking fees, legal, accounting and other consulting fees related to the REIT spin-off and the sale of a portion of our data center business. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we begancompleted a network optimization project designed to consolidate traffic onto network facilities operated by us and reduce the usage of other carriers’ networks in our acquired CLEC markets. In undertaking this initiative, we incurred exit costs to migrate traffic to existing lower cost circuits and to terminate existing contracts prior to their expiration. We completed this project in 2017. In connection with a prior acquisition, we incurred lease termination costs related to the exit from an office facility obtained in the acquisition. During 2016, we renegotiated the terms of the lease resulting in the elimination of any future rental payments due under the original lease agreement. As a result, we recorded a $2.0 million reduction in the liability associated with this lease.

During 2016 and 2015, restructuring charges primarily consisted of severance and other employee-related costs totaling $18.7 million and $15.6 million, respectively, related to the completion of several small workforce reductions. In 2015, we also incurred charges of $3.1 million related to a special shareholder meeting.

~~F-94~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~11. Merger, Integration and Other Costs and Restructuring Charges, Continued:~~

The following is a summary of the merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges recorded for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019		2018		2017
Merger, integration and other costs:
Costs related to merger with EarthLink (a)	$	6.8	$	15.5	$	104.1
Costs related to merger with Broadview (b)	—		4.1		14.3
Costs related to acquisitions of MASS and ATC	—		2.5		—
Legal fees related to Uniti spin-off litigation (see Note 17)	0.3		7.2		7.5
Network optimization and contract termination costs	—		—		8.5
IT conversion, consulting and other costs	1.2		2.6		3.0
Total merger, integration and other costs	8.3		31.9		137.4
Restructuring charges	28.5		45.0		43.0
Total merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges	$	36.8	$	76.9	$	180.4

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Merger, integration and other costs:
Information technology conversion costs $ 3.0
$ 0.3
$ 7.5
Costs related to merger with EarthLink (a) 104.1
2.7
—
Costs related to merger with Broadview (b) 14.3
—
—
Costs related to REIT spin-off (See Note 5) 7.5
—
65.1
Costs related to sale of data center business —
0.9
10.3
Network optimization and contract termination costs 8.5
11.9
5.9
Consulting and other costs —
—
6.2
Reversal of lease termination costs —
(2.0 ) —
Total merger, integration and other costs 137.4
13.8
95.0
Restructuring charges 43.0
20.3
20.7
Total merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges $ 180.4
$ 34.1
$ 115.7

(a)

In ~~2017,~~2019 and 2018, these amounts include ~~investment banking, legal and other consulting services of $24.0 million,~~ severance and employee benefit costs for EarthLink employees terminated after the ~~Merger~~acquisition of ~~$39.0~~$5.0 million ~~share-based compensation expense of $10.1~~and $6.9 million, ~~attributable to the accelerated vesting of assumed equity awards for terminated EarthLink employees, rebranding and marketing of $5.3 million~~respectively, and other miscellaneous expenses of ~~$3.2~~$1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively. WeIn 2018, we also incurred contract and lease termination costs of ~~$22.5~~$4.9 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of EarthLink.

In 2017, these amounts include investment banking, legal and other consulting services of $24.0 million, severance and employee benefit costs for EarthLink employees terminated after the acquisition of $39.0 million, share-based compensation expense of $10.1 million attributable to the accelerated vesting of assumed equity awards for terminated EarthLink employees, rebranding and marketing costs of $5.3 million and other miscellaneous expenses of $3.2 million. We also incurred contract and lease termination costs of $22.5 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of EarthLink.

(b)

~~Includes investment banking, legal and other consulting fees of $4.5 million and~~In 2018, these amounts include severance and employee benefit costs for Broadview employees terminated after the acquisition of ~~$4.7 million.We~~$1.8 million. We also incurred contract and lease termination costs of ~~$3.7~~$2.3 million as a result of vacating certain facilities related to the acquired operations of Broadview.

F-101

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

13. Merger, Integration and Other Costs and Restructuring Charges, Continued:

After giving consideration to tax benefits on deductible items, merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges decreased net income ~~$113.6~~$27.5 million, ~~$21.0~~$56.4 million and ~~$71.2~~$113.6 million for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, respectively.

The following is a summary of the activity related to the liabilities associated with merger, integration and other costs and restructuring charges at December 31:



				Restructuring Charges
(Millions)	Merger, Integration and Other Charges			Severance and Benefit Costs			Lease Termination Costs			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	10.3		$	5.0		$	4.2		$	19.5
Expenses incurred in period	31.9			24.6			20.4			76.9
Cash outlays during the period	(38.2		)	(17.0		)	(9.3		)	(64.5		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4.0		$	12.6		$	15.3		$	31.9
Reclassified to operating lease obligations upon adoption of ASU 2016-02	(4.0		)	—			(15.3		)	(19.3		)
Expenses incurred in period	8.3			28.5			—			36.8
Cash outlays during the period	(8.3		)	(33.0		)	—			(41.3		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—		$	8.1		$	—		$	8.1

Restructuring Charges
(Millions) Merger, Integration and Other Charges Severance and Benefit Costs Other Exit Costs Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 2.5
$ 2.6
$ —
$ 5.1
Expenses incurred in period 15.8
18.7
1.6
36.1
Reversal of accrued lease termination costs (2.0 ) —
—
(2.0 )
Cash outlays during the period (14.8 ) (17.0 ) (1.6 ) (33.4 )
Balance at December 31, 2016 1.5
4.3
—
5.8
Expenses incurred in period 137.4
35.0
8.0
180.4
Cash outlays during the period (128.6 ) (34.3 ) (3.8 ) (166.7 )
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 10.3
$ 5.0
$ 4.2
$ 19.5

Payments of these liabilities will be funded through operating cash flows.

14. Gain on Sale of Consumer CLEC Business:

On December 31, 2018, Windstream Services completed the sale of substantially all of its consumer competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) business to an affiliate of Trive Capital Fund III LLP and nQue Technologies for $320.9 million in cash, net of a working capital adjustment, and recorded a pre-tax gain of $145.4 million. The Consumer CLEC operations sold consisted solely of the former EarthLink Holdings Corp (“EarthLink”) consumer business that we acquired in February 2017 (see Note 4). The sold operations comprised approximately 3.0 percent of our total consolidated revenues and sales for 2018 and less than 2.0 percent of our total consolidated assets at the date of disposition. The sale of the consumer CLEC business did not represent a strategic shift in our operations nor have a major effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, and accordingly, did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. Excluding the effects of the gain, the consumer CLEC business generated pre-tax income of $92.5 million and $87.3 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

~~F-95~~F-102

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~12.~~15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive ~~Income (Loss):~~Income:

Accumulated other comprehensive income ~~(loss)~~ balances, net of tax, were as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019		2018			2017
Pension and postretirement plans	$	5.0	$	7.7		$	4.0
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on interest rate swaps
Designated portion	—		29.7			20.7
De-designated portion	17.6		(1.8		)	(3.3		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	22.6	$	35.6		$	21.4

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Pension and postretirement plans $ 4.0
$ (1.2 ) $ 2.8
Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities —
—
(286.5 )
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on interest rate swaps
Designated portion 20.7
13.7
(0.6 )
De-designated portion (3.3 ) (6.6 ) (0.1 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 21.4
$ 5.9
$ (284.4 )

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ~~(loss)~~ balances, net of tax, were as follows:

(Millions)
Net (Gains) Losses on Interest
Rate Swaps

Pension and
Postretirement
Plans
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 7.1
$ (1.2 ) $ 5.9
Other comprehensive income (loss) before
reclassifications
7.0
5.7
12.7
Amounts reclassified from other accumulated
comprehensive income (loss) (a)
3.3
(0.5 ) 2.8
Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 17.4
$ 4.0
$ 21.4



(Millions)	Net Gains on Interest Rate Swaps			Pension and Postretirement Plans			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	27.9		$	7.7		$	35.6
Prior service credit arising during the period	—			0.3			0.3
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(2.4		)	(2.0		)	(4.4		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (a)	(7.9		)	(1.0		)	(8.9		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	17.6		$	5.0		$	22.6


(a)	See separate table below for details about these reclassifications.

~~F-96~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Continued:~~

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income ~~(loss)~~ were as follows for the years ended December 31:

Details about Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components

(Millions)
Amount Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Affected Line Item in the
Consolidated Statements
of Operations
2017
2016
2015

Available-for-sale securities:
Gain on disposal recognized in the
   period
$ —
$ (51.5 ) $ —

Net gain on disposal of
   investment in Uniti common
   stock
Other-than-temporary impairment
  loss recognized in the period
—
181.9
—
Other-than-temporary
impairment loss on investment
in Uniti common stock
—
130.4
—
Net (loss) income
Losses on interest rate swaps:
Amortization of net unrealized
   losses on de-designated interest
   rate swaps
5.3
4.8
11.6
Interest expense
5.3
4.8
11.6

(Loss) income before income
   taxes
(2.0 ) (1.9 ) (4.5 ) Income tax (benefit) expense
3.3
2.9
7.1
Net (loss) income
Pension and postretirement plans:
Plan curtailments —
(5.5 ) (18.0 ) (a)
Amortization of net actuarial loss 0.1
0.2
1.0
(a)
Amortization of prior service credits (0.7 ) (1.1 ) (3.9 ) (a)
(0.6 ) (6.4 ) (20.9 )
(Loss) income before income
   taxes
0.1
2.5
8.0
Income tax (benefit) expense
(0.5 ) (3.9 ) (12.9 ) Net (loss) income
Total reclassifications for the period,
   net of tax
$ 2.8
$ 129.4
$ (5.8 ) Net (loss) income



Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components	(Millions) Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income										Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2019			2018			2017
(Gains) losses on interest rate swaps:
Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on de-designated interest rate swaps	$	(10.6	)	$	3.0		$	5.3			Interest expense
	(10.6		)	3.0			5.3				Loss before income taxes
	2.7			(0.7		)	(2.0		)		Income tax benefit (expense)
	(7.9		)	2.3			3.3				Net loss
Pension and postretirement plans:
Plan curtailments	0.1			—			—			(a)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	—			0.2			0.1			(a)
Amortization of prior service credits	(1.3		)	(5.1		)	(0.7		)	(a)
	(1.2		)	(4.9		)	(0.6		)		Loss before income taxes
	0.2			1.3			0.1				Income tax benefit (expense)
	(1.0		)	(3.6		)	(0.5		)		Net loss
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(8.9	)	$	(1.3	)	$	2.8			Net loss


(a)	These accumulated other comprehensive income ~~(loss)~~ components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit (income) expense ~~(income)~~ (See Note 9)11).

~~F-97~~F-103

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~13.~~16. Income Taxes:

Income tax ~~(benefit) expense~~benefit (expense) was as follows for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	(0.1	)	$	(0.3	)	$	0.3
State	0.5			(7.6		)	(4.9		)
	0.4			(7.9		)	(4.6		)
Deferred:
Federal	254.6			(356.1		)	328.0
State	65.0			(85.1		)	84.7
	319.6			(441.2		)	412.7
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	320.0		$	(449.1	)	$	408.1

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Current:
Federal $ (0.3 ) $ (2.7 ) $ 9.1
State 4.9
1.0
23.2
4.6
(1.7 ) 32.3
Deferred:
Federal (328.0 ) (130.2 ) 15.0
State (84.7 ) �� (8.1 ) (31.3 )
(412.7 ) (138.3 ) (16.3 )
Income tax (benefit) expense $ (408.1 ) $ (140.0 ) $ 16.0

~~Deferred~~The 2019 deferred income tax ~~(benefit)~~benefit includes the impact of recording a goodwill impairment charge. The 2018 deferred income tax expense includes the impact of recording additional valuation allowance. There was also a goodwill impairment charge recorded in 2017 that resulted in the recognition of a deferred income tax benefit. The remainder of deferred income tax benefit (expense) for all three years primarily resulted from temporary differences between depreciation and amortization expense for income tax purposes and depreciation and amortization expense recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes in accordance with authoritative guidance on goodwill and other intangible assets; however, the goodwill impairment charge recorded in 2017 resulted in the recognition of a deferred income tax benefit.

Differences between the federal income tax statutory rates and effective income tax rates, which include both federal and state income taxes, were as follows for the years ended December 31:



	2019		2018		2017
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	35.0	%
Increase (decrease)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	4.2		3.9		3.6
Adjust deferred taxes for state net operating loss carryforward	—		0.1		—
Transaction costs	—		—		(0.1	)
Valuation allowance	(1.7	)	(183.1	)	(0.1	)
Research and development credit	—		(1.0	)	0.1
Share-based compensation	—		(1.0	)	(0.1	)
Debt exchange	(0.2	)	6.8		(6.1	)
2017 federal tax reform	—		—		(7.6	)
Goodwill impairment	(13.2	)	—		(8.4	)
Sale of Consumer CLEC business	—		(9.3	)	—
Reorganization items, net	(0.8	)	—		—
Other items, net	(0.1	)	(1.4	)	(0.1	)
Effective income tax rate	9.2	%	(164.0	)%	16.2	%

2017
2016
2015
Statutory federal income tax rate 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
Increase (decrease)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 3.6
3.7
4.0
Adjust deferred taxes for state net operating loss carryforward —
(0.6 ) 16.0
Transaction costs (0.1 ) (0.2 ) 18.7
Valuation allowance (0.1 ) —
(48.4 )
Income tax reserves —
0.1
12.2
Research and development credit 0.1
0.8
(8.4 )
Adjustment of deferred taxes for legal entity restructuring —
—
6.8
Disallowed loss —
(12.1 ) —
Tax credits —
—
(1.0 )
Debt exchange (6.1 ) —
—
2017 Federal tax reform (7.6 ) —
—
Goodwill impairment (8.4 ) —
—
Other items, net (0.2 ) —
2.0
Effective income tax rate 16.2 % 26.7 % 36.9 %

In connection with the spin-off in 2015, we adjusted our deferred tax assets and liabilities, including our valuation allowance related to our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, to reflect the transfer of the telecommunication network assets and consumer CLEC business to Uniti and the recognition of the long-term lease obligation related to the master lease with Uniti. For income tax purposes, the spin-off of the telecommunications network assets is treated as an operating lease. The disallowed loss in 2016 was attributable to the disposal of the Uniti common stock.

With regard to the debt exchange that occurred in 2017, a portion was treated as cancellation of debt ~~(COD)~~(“COD”) income for tax purposes and resulted in non-deductible original issue discount ~~(OID)~~(“OID”). We also recorded the impact of the portion of the 2017 goodwill impairment that iswas non-deductible.

In 2018, we assessed our valuation allowance after considering the adverse court ruling and the resulting acceleration of all of our long-term debt obligations and payments due under the contractual arrangement with Uniti and subsequent filing of the Chapter 11 Cases. We determined, based upon all available evidence, that a full valuation allowance was necessary, exclusive of a portion of deferred tax liabilities primarily associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets. Additionally, we recorded incremental tax expense from the sale of the consumer CLEC business. In conjunction with the 2018 debt exchange, there was also a non-taxable gain on extinguishment of debt for financial statement purposes, partially offset by COD income for tax purposes.

In 2019, we recorded the impact of the portion of the goodwill impairment that was non-deductible.

~~F-98~~F-104

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~13.~~16. Income Taxes, Continued:

~~Federal Tax Reform~~ – On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was signed into law in the United States. It is the largest sweeping tax reform legislation in 30 years. The most significant change is the reduction of the statutory corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, we have not fully completed our accounting for the impacts of the Act. However, we have reasonably estimated the effects on our deferred tax account balances due to the re-measurement required for the rate change. The federal tax rate change from the 2017 federal tax reform resulted in a decrease of our net deferred tax assets of $192.2 million and corresponding deferred income expense which is included in the provisional income tax expense during the period it was enacted. In other cases, we have not been able to make reasonable estimates regarding the impact of the Act and continue to account for those items under existing GAAP and statutory tax provisions in effect on December 31, 2017. For periods beginning in 2018, we will calculate all federal income tax expense based on the new rate set forth in the Act.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") was issued to address the application of US GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. In accordance with SAB 118, the Company has determined that the $192.2 million of the deferred tax expense recorded in connection with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities was a provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 31, 2017. Additional work is necessary to do a more detailed analysis. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to tax expense in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete.

The significant components of the net deferred income tax liability (asset) were as follows at December 31:



(Millions)	2019			2018
Property, plant and equipment	$	422.6		$	825.5
Goodwill and other intangible assets	215.6			477.7
Operating loss and credit carryforward	(548.0		)	(576.8		)
Postretirement and other employee benefits	(77.4		)	(79.6		)
Unrealized holding loss and interest rate swaps	(1.0		)	7.2
Deferred compensation	(2.2		)	(2.3		)
Bad debt	(21.4		)	(15.1		)
Long-term lease obligations	(1,033.8		)	(1,170.9		)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,008.0			—
Deferred debt costs	(36.8		)	(19.2		)
Share-based compensation	(4.5		)	(6.8		)
Interest expense	(30.4		)	—
Other, net	(7.3		)	(20.4		)
	(116.6		)	(580.7		)
Valuation allowance	189.2			685.0
Less amounts reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise	(72.6		)	—
Deferred income taxes, net	$	—		$	104.3
Deferred tax assets	$	(1,813.7	)	$	(1,954.0	)
Deferred tax liabilities	1,886.3			2,058.3
Less amounts reclassified to liabilities subject to compromise	(72.6		)	—
Deferred income taxes, net	$	—		$	104.3

(Millions) 2017
2016
Property, plant and equipment $ 876.3
$ 1,395.8
Goodwill and other intangible assets 532.5
1,265.6
Operating loss and credit carryforward (595.6 ) (528.8 )
Postretirement and other employee benefits (85.6 ) (142.4 )
Unrealized holding loss and interest rate swaps 4.5
(0.2 )
Deferred compensation (2.8 ) (4.0 )
Bad debt (14.5 ) (19.4 )
Long-term lease obligations (1,226.3 ) (1,932.7 )
Deferred debt costs (2.0 ) 8.9
Restricted stock (7.9 ) (9.4 )
Other, net (29.0 ) (28.4 )
(550.4 ) 5.0
Valuation allowance 179.6
146.5
Deferred income taxes, net $ (370.8 ) $ 151.5
Deferred tax assets $ (2,000.7 ) $ (2,695.9 )
Deferred tax liabilities 1,629.9
2,847.4
Deferred income taxes, net $ (370.8 ) $ 151.5

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities, carryback potential, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. As a result of the adverse court ruling and subsequent filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, we considered the reversal of taxable temporary differences and carryback potential as a source of income as of December 31, 2018. After consideration of these factors, we recorded a full valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2018, exclusive of a portion of deferred tax liabilities primarily associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets. Therefore, as of December 31, 2018, we had valuation allowances of approximately $685.0 million. The impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 in 2019 resulted in an increase to deferred tax liabilities of approximately $833.8 million. This increase caused a re-evaluation of our valuation allowances as of January 1, 2019 and resulted in a release of valuation allowance of approximately $541.5 million, recorded as an adjustment to equity. Changes in valuation allowance not associated with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 were recorded through income tax expense. As of December 31, 2019, we were in a net deferred tax liability position and recorded income tax benefit during 2019. We will monitor our deferred tax asset position each quarter and determine the appropriate income tax benefit to record based upon the reversal of taxable temporary differences.

At December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately ~~$1,796.6~~$1,807.9 million and ~~$1,094.2~~$1,920.2 million, ~~respectively, which~~respectively. Net operating losses generated prior to 2018 expire in varying amounts from ~~2018~~2020 through 2037. Under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, federal net operating losses generated in 2018 and future years can be carried forward indefinitely. The loss carryforwards at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and 2018 were primarily losses acquired in conjunction with our acquisitions including PAETEC, EarthLink and Broadview. The ~~2017 increase~~2019 decrease is primarily associated with ~~our acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview.~~estimated utilization for the year.

~~F-99~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~13. Income Taxes, Continued:~~

At December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, we had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately ~~$2,805.4~~$2,471.8 million and ~~$1,788.8~~$2,456.6 million, respectively, which expire annually in varying amounts from ~~2018~~2020 through ~~2037.~~2039. The loss carryforwards ~~at December 31, 2017~~ were primarily losses acquired in conjunction with our acquisitions including PAETEC and EarthLink. ~~Federal and state tax rules limit the deductibility of loss carryforwards in years following an ownership change.~~

F-105

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

16. Income Taxes, Continued:

As ~~a result of these limitations or the expected lack of sufficient future taxable income,~~previously noted, we believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain federal and state loss carryforwards will not be realized prior to their expiration. In September 2015, Windstream's board of directors adopted a shareholder rights plan designed to protect our net operating loss carryforwards from the effect of limitations imposed by federal and state tax rules following an ownership change. This plan was designed to deter an ownership change (as defined in IRC Section 382) from occurring, and therefore protect our ability to utilize our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards in the future. The plan is not meant to be an anti-takeover measure and our board of directors has established a procedure to consider requests to exempt the acquisition of Windstream common stock from the rights plan, if such acquisition would not limit or impair the availability of our net loss carryforwards.

We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized. Therefore, as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018 we recorded valuation allowances of ~~$173.0~~approximately $162.5 million and ~~$140.3~~$541.0 million, respectively, related to federal and state loss carryforwards which are expected to expire before they are utilized. The amount of federal tax credit carryforward at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, was approximately ~~$44.2~~$21.8 million, ~~and $48.7 million, respectively,~~ which expire in varying amounts from 2031 through ~~2037.~~2036. The amount of state tax credit carryforward at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, was approximately ~~$19.9~~$14.9 million and ~~$22.7~~$17.7 million, respectively, which expire in varying amounts from ~~2018~~2020 through 2027. Due to the expected lack of sufficient future taxable income based on the scheduled reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, we believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from some of the federal and state tax credit carryforwards will not be realized prior to their expiration. Therefore, as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, we recorded a valuation ~~allowance~~allowances of approximately ~~$6.6~~$26.7 million and ~~$6.2~~$35.8 million, ~~net of federal benefit,~~ respectively, to reduce our ~~state~~ deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized.

An examination of Windstream's 2015 federal income tax return was completed by the Internal Revenue Service during 2017 with no changes made to the reported tax or tax attributes carried forward from that year.

We account for uncertainty in taxes in accordance with authoritative guidance. A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:



(Millions)	2019		2018			2017
Beginning balance	$	8.0	$	8.7		$	8.8
Additions based on EarthLink acquisition	—		—			2.5
Additions based on tax positions related to current year	—		—			0.7
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	—		(0.7		)	(1.2		)
Settlements	—		—			(2.1		)
Ending balance	$	8.0	$	8.0		$	8.7

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Beginning balance $ 8.8
$ 10.1
$ 5.6
Additions based on EarthLink acquisition 2.5
—
—
Additions based on tax positions related to current year 0.7
0.7
5.0
Reductions for tax positions of prior years (1.2 ) (1.6 ) (0.5 )
Settlements (2.1 ) (0.4 ) —
Ending balance $ 8.7
$ 8.8
$ 10.1

We do not expect or anticipate a significant increase or decrease over the next twelve months in the unrecognized tax benefits reported above. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate are ~~$8.3~~$7.6 million, ~~$8.6~~$7.6 million and ~~$9.9~~$8.3 million (net of indirect benefits) for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, respectively.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to ~~2014.~~2016. However, due to acquired net operating losses, tax authorities have the ability to adjust those net operating losses related to closed years. We have identified Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas and Virginia as “major” state taxing jurisdictions.

We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, we recognized approximately $0.2 million, $0.1 million, and ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million in interest and ~~penalties.~~penalties, respectively. Furthermore, we had approximately $0.5 million, $0.3 million, ~~$0.1 million,~~ and ~~$0.1~~$0.3 million of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, respectively.

~~F-100~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~14.~~17. Commitments and Contingencies:

~~Lease Commitments~~Litigation

Minimum rental commitments for all non-cancellable operating leases, consisting principally of leases for network facilities, real estate, office space and office equipment were as follows as of December 31, 2017:

Year (Millions)
2018 $ 166.8
2019 130.6
2020 93.1
2021 64.2
2022 48.2
Thereafter 145.2
Total $ 648.1

~~Rental expense totaled $161.6 million, $115.5 million and $128.0 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.~~

~~Litigation~~

~~F-101~~F-106

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~14.~~17. Commitments and Contingencies, Continued:

On October 18, 2017, Windstream Services launched debt exchange offers with respect to its senior notes, including the ~~Notes,~~6.375 percent notes, and on October 31, 2017, learned that ~~based on tenders of notes in the exchange offers and consents delivered in the consent solicitation, upon early settlement of the exchange offers,~~ holders representing the requisite percentage of the ~~Notes~~6.375 percent notes needed to waive the defaults alleged in the Original Notice would be received. On November 6, 2017, Windstream Services and the Trustee executed a supplemental indenture, and new 6.375 percent ~~Notes~~notes were issued, which gave effect to the waivers and consents for the ~~Notes, is binding on all noteholders, and negates assertions made by Aurelius and~~6.375 percent notes. During the ~~Indenture Trustee.~~

that our breaches of Section 4.19 constitute a “Default” under 2013 Indenture;

that the 6.375 percent notes issued in the 2017 exchange and consent ~~and exchange processes discussed above moots the claims asserted by the Trustee and Aurelius, and that is has been, and remains, in compliance with all of the covenants~~transactions do not constitute “Additional Notes” under the 2013 ~~Indenture. However,~~Indenture;

that the notice of default with respect to the foregoing breaches was valid and effective;

that those breaches ripened into “Events of Default” as defined in the 2013 Indenture on December 6, 2017;

enjoining us from taking any further action to issue new notes in contravention of, or to otherwise violate, the 2013 Indenture;

awarding Aurelius a money judgment in an amount of $310,459,959.10 plus interest from and after July 23, 2018; and

dismissing our counterclaims with prejudice.

that, in effecting the Spin-Off, we failed to comply with the covenants set forth in Section 4.19 of the 2013 Indenture restricting certain sale and leaseback transactions;

Windstream Holdings, its current and former directors, and certain of its executive officers are the subject of shareholder-related lawsuits arising out of the merger with EarthLink Holdings Corp. in February 2017. NaN putative shareholders have filed separate purported shareholder class action complaints in federal court in Arkansas and state court in Georgia, captioned Murray v. Earthlink Holdings Corp., et. al., and Yadegarian v. Windstream Holdings, Inc., et. al., respectively. Additionally, 2 separate shareholder derivative actions were filed during the fourth quarter of 2018 in Arkansas federal court on behalf of Windstream Holdings, Inc., styled Cindy Graham v. Wells, et. al., and Larry Graham v. Thomas, et. al. All of the complaints contain similar assertions and claims of alleged securities law violations and breaches of fiduciary duties related to the disclosures in the joint proxy statement/prospectus soliciting shareholder approval of the merger, which the plaintiffs allege were inadequate and misleading.

F-107

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

17. Commitments and Contingencies, Continued:

While the plaintiffs in the Murray case filed a proof of claim for an undetermined monetary amount, neither the plaintiffs in the Yadegarian nor Graham cases submitted proof of claims.

We believe that we have valid defenses for each of the lawsuits, and we plan to vigorously defend the pursuit of all matters. While the ultimate resolution of the matters is not currently predictable, if there is ~~no guarantee of success in the litigation and any~~an adverse ruling in any of these matters, the ruling could ~~have~~constitute a material adverse ~~effect~~outcome on ~~our~~the future consolidated results of ~~operations,~~our income, cash flows, or financial condition.

~~Discovery in~~Windstream did not file a Suggestion of Bankruptcy as a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 cases with regard to this ~~action~~matter as it was determined it would fall under a regulatory exception and is ~~now proceeding. No trial date has been set by~~precluded from the ~~court.~~automatic stay.

Finally, management is currently not aware of any environmental matters, individually or in the aggregate, that would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of our operations.

Other Matters

Windstream and one of its ~~Business~~Enterprise customers ~~had~~entered into an agreement ~~pursuant to~~in which Windstream provided communication services to several of the customer’s locations. The majority of funding for the services iswas administered by ~~the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”)~~USAC pursuant to the Universal Service Rural Health Care Telecommunications Program ~~that~~which offers reduced rates for broadband and telecommunications services to rural health care facilities. In March 2017, USAC issued a funding denial to the customer on the basis that certain rules of the FCC were violated with the selection of Windstream as the service provider. Due to an alleged conflict of interest created by a third-party Windstream channel partner that acted as a consultant for the customer regarding the agreement, USAC asserted that Windstream’s selection was not based upon a fair and open competitive bidding process. USAC’s denial addressed accrued funding of approximately ~~$16.6~~$16.6 million, as well as funding of approximately ~~$6.0~~$6.0 million previously remitted to us. Windstream, along with the customer, ~~has~~appealed the denial; USAC rejected the appeal on June 29, 2018, upholding its previous denial of funding. Windstream appealed the denial to the FCC in August 2018. The FCC has yet to rule on the appeal and ~~while~~timing of a decision by the ~~ultimate~~FCC is unknown. We recorded a reserve for the funding denial from USAC during the second quarter of 2019, and as a result, we have no additional loss exposure related to this matter.

We currently are involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business and, as required, have accrued an estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of those claims for which the occurrence of loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or the effectiveness of our strategies related to these proceedings. Additionally, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not ~~currently predictable, if there is a future adverse legal ruling against Windstream, the ruling could constitute~~have a material adverse ~~outcome~~effect on our ~~future consolidated~~financial condition or results of ~~operations, cash flows or financial condition.~~operations.

F-108

~~15.~~

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

18. Segment Information:

~~F-102~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~15. Segment Information, Continued:~~

Enterprise segment to the Consumer & Small Business ~~- We manage~~ segment, which was renamed Kinetic; (2) shifting governmental and resale customers from Wholesale to Enterprise; (3) shifting wholesale customers and related services in ILEC markets from Wholesale to Kinetic; and (4) allocating certain corporate expenses, primarily property taxes, to the segments. Prior period segment information has been revised to reflect these changes for all periods presented.

On December 31, 2018, we completed the sale of substantially all of our consumer CLEC business. The consumer operations sold consisted solely of the former EarthLink consumer business that we acquired in February 2017. The sale of the consumer CLEC business did not represent a strategic shift in our operations nor have a major effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, and therefore did not qualify for reporting as ~~one~~a discontinued operation. Accordingly, for periods prior to the sale, the sold CLEC business continues to be presented as a separate segment. The retained portion of the consumer CLEC business, primarily consisting of revenues generated from our ~~residential and small~~master services agreement with Uniti have been assigned to the Enterprise segment.

For financial reporting purposes, our segments consist of:

•

Kinetic - We manage as one business our residential, business, and wholesale operations in those markets in which we are the ILEC due to the similarities with respect to service offerings, marketing strategies and customer service delivery. Residential customers can bundle voice, high-speed Internet and video services, to provide one convenient billing solution and receive bundle discounts. We offer a wide range of advanced Internet, voice, and web conferencing products to our business customers. These services are equipped to deliver high-speed Internet with competitive speeds, value added services to enhance business productivity and options to bundle services for a global business solution to meet our business customer needs.

Residential customers can bundle voice, high-speed Internet and video services, to provide one convenient billing solution and receive bundle discounts. Small Business services offer a wide range of advanced Internet, voice, and web conferencing products. These services are equipped to deliver high-speed Internet with competitive speeds, value added services to enhance business productivity and options to bundle services for a global business solution to meet our small business customer needs.

~~Enterprise~~ - Products and services offered to our business customers include integrated voice and data services, which deliver voice and broadband services over a single Internet connection, data transport services, multi-site networking services which provide a fast and private connection between business locations, as well as a variety of other data services, including cloud computing and collocation and managed services as an alternative to traditional information technology infrastructure.

~~Wholesale~~ - Our wholesale ~~operations~~services are focused on providing network bandwidth to other telecommunications carriers and network ~~operators, and content providers.~~operators. These services include special access services, which provide access and network transport services to end users including Ethernet ~~and Wave transport~~access up to ~~100~~2 Gbps, traditional TDM private line access and ~~dark fiber and colocation services.~~transport. Wholesale services also include fiber-to-the-tower connections to support the wireless backhaul ~~market. In addition, we offer voice~~market, and ~~data carrier services to other communications providers~~both Ethernet/dedicated Internet connections and ~~to larger-scale purchasers of network capacity. We also offer traditional services including special~~broadband access ~~services and Time Division Multiplexing (“TDM”) private line transport.~~services. The combination of these services allow Kinetic wholesale customers to provide voice and data services to their customers through the use of our network or in combination with their own networks.

•

F-109

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

18. Segment Information, Continued:

•

Wholesale - Our wholesale operations are focused on providing network bandwidth to other telecommunications carriers, network operators, and content providers within CLEC markets. These services include network transport services to end users, Ethernet and Wave transport up to 100 Gbps, and dark fiber and colocation services. Wholesale services also include fiber-to-the-tower connections in CLEC markets to support the wireless backhaul market. In addition, we offer voice and data carrier services to other communications providers and to larger-scale purchasers of network capacity. The combination of these services allow wholesale customers to provide voice and data services to their customers through the use of our network or in combination with their own networks.


•	Consumer CLEC - Prior to its sale, products and services offered to customers by this business unit included traditional voice and long-distance services, nationwide Internet access services, both dial-up and high-speed, as well as value added services including online backup and various e-mail services.

~~F-103~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~15. Segment Information, Continued:~~

Segment expenses include specific expenses incurred as a direct result of providing services and products to segment customers; selling, general and administrative expenses that are directly associated with specific segment customers or activities; and certain allocated expenses which include network expenses, facilities expenses and other expenses, such as vehicle and real estate-related expenses. Operating expenses associated with regulatory and other revenues have also been assigned to our segments. We do not assign depreciation and amortization expense, goodwill impairment, merger, integration and other costs, restructuring charges, straight-line expense under the contractual arrangement with Uniti, share-based compensation, business transformation expenses, costs related to network optimization projects, spend commitment penalties incurred under certain carrier discount plans, and ~~pension costs~~reserves for funding denials from Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”) to our segments, because these expenses are centrally managed and are not monitored by or reported to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) by segment. Similarly, certain costs related to centrally-managed administrative functions, such as accounting and finance, information technology, network management, legal and human resources, are not assigned to our segments. Interest expense and net ~~loss~~gain on early extinguishment of debt have also been excluded from segment operating results because we manage our financing activities on a total company basis and have not assigned any ~~long-term~~ debt or lease obligations to the segments. ~~Amounts related to our investment in Uniti common stock consisting of dividend income,~~Other expense, net, ~~gain on disposal and other-than-temporary impairment loss, as well as other (expense) income,~~reorganization items, net, and income tax benefit are not monitored as a part of our segment operations and, therefore, these items also have been excluded from our segment operating results.

Capital expenditures for network enhancements and information technology-related projects benefiting Windstream as a whole and incremental capital expenditures incurred in 2018 and 2017 related to our acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview are not assigned to the segments and are presented as corporate/shared capital expenditures. Asset information by segment is not monitored or reported to the CODM and therefore has not been presented. ~~All~~Substantially all of our customers are located in the United States, and we do not have any single customer that provides more than 10 percent of our total consolidated revenues and sales.

F-110

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

18. Segment Information, Continued:

The following table summarizes our segment results for the years ended December 31:



(Millions)	2019		2018		2017
Kinetic:
Revenues and sales	$	2,074.7	$	2,140.5	$	2,258.5
Costs and expenses	885.6		884.4		937.2
Segment income	1,189.1		1,256.1		1,321.3
Enterprise:
Revenues and sales	2,678.5		3,016.9		3,032.9
Costs and expenses	2,159.1		2,454.9		2,497.0
Segment income	519.4		562.0		535.9
Wholesale:
Revenues and sales	362.2		384.8		399.0
Costs and expenses	101.4		111.1		111.3
Segment income	260.8		273.7		287.7
CLEC Consumer:
Revenues and sales	—		170.9		162.5
Costs and expenses	—		78.4		81.8
Segment income	—		92.5		80.7
Total segment revenues and sales	5,115.4		5,713.1		5,852.9
Total segment costs and expenses	3,146.1		3,528.8		3,627.3
Total segment income	$	1,969.3	$	2,184.3	$	2,225.6

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Consumer & Small Business:
Revenues and sales $ 1,978.3
$ 2,063.3
$ 2,118.3
Costs and expenses 848.5
870.7
913.8
Segment income 1,129.8
1,192.6
1,204.5
Enterprise:
Revenues and sales 2,942.1
2,587.9
2,708.9
Costs and expenses 2,364.9
2,075.7
2,184.1
Segment income 577.2
512.2
524.8
Wholesale:
Revenues and sales 756.6
720.8
794.0
Costs and expenses 226.8
194.5
187.5
Segment income 529.8
526.3
606.5
CLEC Consumer:
Revenues and sales 175.9
15.0
12.9
Costs and expenses 86.9
13.1
12.3
Segment income 89.0
1.9
0.6
Total segment revenues and sales 5,852.9
5,387.0
5,634.1
Total segment costs and expenses 3,527.1
3,154.0
3,297.7
Total segment income $ 2,325.8
$ 2,233.0
$ 2,336.4

~~The following table reconciles total~~Capital expenditures by segment ~~revenues and sales to total consolidated revenues and sales:~~were as follows as of December 31:

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Total segment revenues and sales $ 5,852.9
$ 5,387.0
$ 5,634.1
Revenues and sales related to disposed businesses —
—
131.2
Total revenue and sales $ 5,852.9
$ 5,387.0
$ 5,765.3



(Millions)	2019		2018		2017
Kinetic	$	454.8	$	369.8	$	391.8
Enterprise	152.5		187.6		199.7
Wholesale	27.3		31.3		32.4
Corporate/shared (a)	243.9		231.5		284.7
Total	$	878.5	$	820.2	$	908.6

(a)

Represents capital expenditures not directly assigned to the segments and primarily consist of capital outlays for network enhancements and information technology-related projects benefiting Windstream as a whole. For 2018 and 2017, these amounts include incremental capital spend related to our 2017 acquisitions of EarthLink and Broadview of $37.6 million and $34.5 million, respectively. Corporate/shared capital expenditures for 2017 include $49.9 million related to Project Excel, an incremental capital program completed in mid-2017, which upgraded our broadband network.

~~F-104~~F-111

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~15.~~18. Segment Information, Continued:

The following table reconciles segment income to consolidated net ~~(loss)~~loss income for the years ended December 31:

(Millions) 2017
2016
2015
Total segment income $ 2,325.8
$ 2,233.0
$ 2,336.4
Revenues and sales related to disposed businesses —
—
131.2
Depreciation and amortization (1,470.0 ) (1,263.5 ) (1,366.5 )
Goodwill impairment (1,840.8 ) —
—
Merger, integration and other costs (137.4 ) (13.8 ) (95.0 )
Restructuring charges (43.0 ) (20.3 ) (20.7 )
Other unassigned operating expenses (428.1 ) (420.0 ) (387.7 )
Operating expenses related to disposed businesses —
—
(88.3 )
Dividend income on Uniti common stock —
17.6
48.2
Other (expense) income, net —
(1.2 ) 9.3
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock —
15.2
—
Gain (loss) on sale of data center business 0.6
(10.0 ) 326.1
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt (56.4 ) (18.0 ) (36.4 )
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti common stock —
(181.9 ) —
Interest expense (875.4 ) (860.6 ) (813.2 )
Income tax (benefit) expense 408.1
140.0
(16.0 )
Net (loss) income $ (2,116.6 ) $ (383.5 ) $ 27.4



(Millions)	2019			2018			2017
Total segment income	$	1,969.3		$	2,184.3		$	2,225.6
Depreciation and amortization	(1,068.2		)	(1,526.7		)	(1,470.0		)
Goodwill impairment	(2,712.3		)	—			(1,840.8		)
Merger, integration and other costs	(8.3		)	(31.9		)	(137.4		)
Restructuring charges	(28.5		)	(45.0		)	(43.0		)
Straight-line expense under contractual arrangement with Uniti	(675.2		)	—			—
Other unassigned operating expenses (a)	(354.3		)	(284.1		)	(325.0		)
Other expense, net	(7.8		)	(4.9		)	(2.3		)
Gain on sale of Consumer CLEC business	—			145.4			—
Net gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt	—			190.3			(56.4		)
Reorganization items, net	(260.6		)	—			—
Interest expense	(331.9		)	(901.3		)	(875.4		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	320.0			(449.1		)	408.1
Net loss	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(723.0	)	$	(2,116.6	)


(a)	Included in this amount for 2019 were spend commitment penalties incurred under certain carrier discount plans of $102.5 million and a reserve of $19.7 million for a funding denial from Universal Service Administrative Company pursuant to funding for the years 2012 to 2017 related to a large customer participating in the Universal Service Rural Healthcare Telecommunications Program.

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information:~~

~~Debentures and notes, without collateral, issued by Windstream Services, LLC~~

In connection with the issuance of the 7.750 percent senior notes due October 15, 2020, the 7.750 percent senior notes due October 1, 2021, the 7.500 percent senior notes due June 1, 2022, the 7.500 percent senior notes due April 1, 2023, the 6.375 percent senior notes due August 1, 2023, 8.750 percent senior notes due December 15, 2024, and the 8.625 percent senior first lien notes due October 31, 2025 (“the guaranteed notes”), certain of Windstream Services’ wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”), provide guarantees of those debentures. These guarantees are full and unconditional, subject to certain customary release provisions, as well as joint and several. All personal property assets and related operations of the Guarantors are pledged as collateral on the senior secured credit facility of Windstream Services. Certain Guarantors may be subject to restrictions on their ability to distribute earnings to Windstream Services. The remaining subsidiaries of Windstream Services (the “Non-Guarantors”) are not guarantors of the guaranteed notes. Windstream Holdings is not a guarantor of any Windstream Services debt instruments.

Following the mergers, the acquired legal entities of EarthLink and Broadview have been designated as either Guarantors or Non-Guarantors. Accordingly, the financial information presented herein includes the acquired EarthLink operations beginning on February 27, 2017 and acquired Broadview operations beginning on July 28, 2017.

The following information presents condensed consolidating and combined statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, condensed consolidating and combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and condensed consolidating and combined statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 of Windstream Services, the Guarantors and the Non-Guarantors. Investments consist of investments in net assets of subsidiaries held by Windstream Services and other subsidiaries, and have been presented using the equity method of accounting.

~~F-105~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues $ —
$ 1,190.5
$ 4,668.5
$ (99.3 ) $ 5,759.7
Product sales —
83.6
9.6
—
93.2
Total revenues and sales —
1,274.1
4,678.1
(99.3 ) 5,852.9
Costs and expenses:
  Cost of services —
565.4
2,496.7
(97.2 ) 2,964.9
  Cost of products sold —
77.2
16.3
—
93.5
  Selling, general and administrative —
162.4
734.5
(2.1 ) 894.8
  Depreciation and amortization 9.3
365.0
1,095.7
—
1,470.0
Goodwill impairment 979.4
—
861.4
—
1,840.8
Merger, integration and other costs —
1.6
135.8
—
137.4
Restructuring charges —
8.5
34.5
—
43.0
Total costs and expenses 988.7
1,180.1
5,374.9
(99.3 ) 7,444.4
Operating (loss) income (988.7 ) 94.0
(696.8 ) —
(1,591.5 )
(Losses) earnings from consolidated subsidiaries (1,018.8 ) (195.5 ) 11.6
1,202.7
—
Other income (expense), net 0.2
0.2
(0.4 ) —
—
Loss on sale of data center business —
—
0.6
—
0.6
Net (loss) gain on early extinguishment of debt (54.6 ) (2.0 ) 0.2
—
(56.4 )
Intercompany interest income (expense) 84.5
(39.6 ) (44.9 ) —
—
Interest expense (375.8 ) (149.0 ) (350.6 ) —
(875.4 )
Loss before income taxes (2,353.2 ) (291.9 ) (1,080.3 ) 1,202.7
(2,522.7 )
Income tax (benefit) expense (237.8 ) (39.0 ) (130.5 ) —
(407.3 )
Net loss $ (2,115.4 ) $ (252.9 ) $ (949.8 ) $ 1,202.7
$ (2,115.4 )
Comprehensive loss $ (2,099.9 ) $ (252.9 ) $ (949.8 ) $ 1,202.7
$ (2,099.9 )

~~F-106~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues $ —
$ 1,011.0
$ 4,304.9
$ (36.0 ) $ 5,279.9
Product sales —
96.4
10.7
—
107.1
Total revenues and sales —
1,107.4
4,315.6
(36.0 ) 5,387.0
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services —
417.0
2,294.0
(33.2 ) 2,677.8
Cost of products sold —
86.7
11.8
—
98.5
Selling, general and administrative —
150.7
648.1
(2.8 ) 796.0
Depreciation and amortization 13.8
301.4
948.3
—
1,263.5
Merger, integration and other costs —
—
13.8
—
13.8
Restructuring charges —
2.9
17.4
—
20.3
Total costs and expenses 13.8
958.7
3,933.4
(36.0 ) 4,869.9
Operating (loss) income (13.8 ) 148.7
382.2
—
517.1
Losses from consolidated subsidiaries (65.1 ) (65.7 ) (15.1 ) 145.9
—
Dividend income on Uniti common stock 17.6
—
—
—
17.6
Other income (expense), net 1.8
(0.8 ) (2.2 ) —
(1.2 )
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti
common stock
15.2
—
—
—
15.2
Loss on sale of data center business —
—
(10.0 ) —
(10.0 )
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt (18.0 ) —
—
—
(18.0 )
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on
investment in Uniti common stock (181.9 ) —
—
—
(181.9 )
Intercompany interest income (expense) 116.6
(44.6 ) (72.0 ) —
—
Interest expense (355.1 ) (149.5 ) (356.0 ) —
(860.6 )
Loss before income taxes (482.7 ) (111.9 ) (73.1 ) 145.9
(521.8 )
Income tax benefit (100.2 ) (16.3 ) (22.8 ) —
(139.3 )
Net loss $ (382.5 ) $ (95.6 ) $ (50.3 ) $ 145.9
$ (382.5 )
Comprehensive loss $ (92.2 ) $ (95.6 ) $ (50.3 ) $ 145.9
$ (92.2 )

~~F-107~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues $ —
$ 1,163.2
$ 4,461.0
$ (25.6 ) $ 5,598.6
Product sales —
145.3
21.4
—
166.7
Total revenues and sales —
1,308.5
4,482.4
(25.6 ) 5,765.3
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services —
493.6
2,290.6
(22.2 ) 2,762.0
Cost of products sold —
125.0
20.2
—
145.2
Selling, general and administrative —
186.8
681.1
(3.4 ) 864.5
Depreciation and amortization 18.3
334.5
1,013.7
—
1,366.5
Merger, integration and other costs —
—
95.0
—
95.0
Restructuring charges —
9.4
11.3
—
20.7
Total costs and expenses 18.3
1,149.3
4,111.9
(25.6 ) 5,253.9
Operating (loss) income (18.3 ) 159.2
370.5
—
511.4
Earnings (losses) from consolidated subsidiaries 239.6
(149.9 ) (7.8 ) (81.9 ) —
Dividend income on Uniti common stock 48.2
—
—
—
48.2
Other (expense) income, net (2.5 ) 0.8
11.0
—
9.3
Gain on sale of data center business —
—
326.1
—
326.1
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt (30.7 ) (5.3 ) (0.4 ) —
(36.4 )
Intercompany interest income (expense) 115.9
(46.5 ) (69.4 ) —
—
Interest expense (440.1 ) (122.0 ) (251.1 ) —
(813.2 )
(Loss) income before income taxes (87.9 ) (163.7 ) 378.9
(81.9 ) 45.4
Income tax (benefit) expense (116.5 ) (15.8 ) 149.1
—
16.8
Net income (loss) $ 28.6
$ (147.9 ) $ 229.8
$ (81.9 ) $ 28.6
Comprehensive (loss) income $ (267.9 ) $ (147.9 ) $ 229.8
$ (81.9 ) $ (267.9 )

~~F-108~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2017
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ —
$ 2.5
$ 40.9
$ —
$ 43.4
Accounts receivable, net —
185.2
461.1
(3.3 ) 643.0
Notes receivable - affiliate —
5.0
—
(5.0 ) —
Affiliates receivable, net —
18.3
1,949.8
(1,968.1 ) —
Inventories —
76.9
16.1
—
93.0
Prepaid expenses and other 25.6
44.3
83.2
—
153.1
Total current assets 25.6
332.2
2,551.1
(1,976.4 ) 932.5
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries 5,603.7
575.9
401.0
(6,580.6 ) —
Notes receivable - affiliate —
306.9
—
(306.9 ) —
Goodwill 657.2
1,712.8
472.4
—
2,842.4
Other intangibles, net 479.8
461.7
512.9
—
1,454.4
Net property, plant and equipment 5.8
1,318.3
4,067.7
—
5,391.8
Deferred income taxes —
460.7
205.2
(295.1 ) 370.8
Other assets 25.7
15.5
51.2
—
92.4
Total Assets $ 6,797.8
$ 5,184.0
$ 8,261.5
$ (9,159.0 ) $ 11,084.3
Liabilities and Equity (Deficit)
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt $ 169.3
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 169.3
Current portion of long-term lease obligations —
55.2
133.4
—
188.6
Accounts payable —
123.4
370.6
—
494.0
Affiliates payable, net 1,968.1
—
—
(1,968.1 ) —
Notes payable - affiliate —
—
5.0
(5.0 ) —
Advance payments and customer deposits —
40.7
169.9
(3.3 ) 207.3
Accrued taxes —
23.8
65.7
—
89.5
Accrued interest 50.2
1.8
0.6
—
52.6
Other current liabilities 15.6
102.7
223.8
—
342.1
Total current liabilities 2,203.2
347.6
969.0
(1,976.4 ) 1,543.4
Long-term debt 5,575.0
99.6
—
—
5,674.6
Long-term lease obligations —
1,350.1
3,293.2
—
4,643.3
Notes payable - affiliate —
—
306.9
(306.9 ) —
Deferred income taxes 295.1
—
—
(295.1 ) —
Other liabilities 23.4
77.1
421.4
—
521.9
Total liabilities 8,096.7
1,874.4
4,990.5
(2,578.4 ) 12,383.2
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 14)

Equity (Deficit):
Common stock —
39.4
81.9
(121.3 ) —
Additional paid-in capital 1,187.1
3,958.6
1,358.1
(5,316.7 ) 1,187.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income 21.4
—
4.0
(4.0 ) 21.4
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings (2,507.4 ) (688.4 ) 1,827.0
(1,138.6 ) (2,507.4 )
Total equity (deficit) (1,298.9 ) 3,309.6
3,271.0
(6,580.6 ) (1,298.9 )
Total Liabilities and Equity (Deficit) $ 6,797.8
$ 5,184.0
$ 8,261.5
$ (9,159.0 ) $ 11,084.3

~~F-109~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2016
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ —
$ 2.2
$ 56.9
$ —
$ 59.1
Accounts receivable, net —
178.9
439.7
—
618.6
Notes receivable - affiliate —
4.8
—
(4.8 ) —
Affiliates receivable, net —
531.9
2,106.8
(2,638.7 ) —
Inventories —
65.9
11.6
—
77.5
Prepaid expenses and other 10.1
36.5
65.1
—
111.7
Total current assets 10.1
820.2
2,680.1
(2,643.5 ) 866.9
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries 6,081.8
297.7
231.4
(6,610.9 ) —
Notes receivable - affiliate —
310.5
—
(310.5 ) —
Goodwill 1,636.7
1,364.4
1,212.5
—
4,213.6
Other intangibles, net 515.2
258.8
546.5
—
1,320.5
Net property, plant and equipment 6.9
1,234.3
4,042.3
—
5,283.5
Deferred income taxes —
320.2
102.5
(422.7 ) —
Other assets 19.5
16.0
50.0
—
85.5
Total Assets $ 8,270.2
$ 4,622.1
$ 8,865.3
$ (9,987.6 ) $ 11,770.0
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt $ 14.9
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 14.9
Current portion of long-term lease obligations —
49.5
119.2
—
168.7
Accounts payable —
101.5
288.7
—
390.2
Affiliates payable, net 2,638.7
—
—
(2,638.7 ) —
Notes payable - affiliate —
—
4.8
(4.8 ) —
Advance payments and customer deposits —
40.9
137.2
—
178.1
Accrued taxes —
21.3
56.7
—
78.0
Accrued interest 55.4
1.8
0.9
—
58.1
Other current liabilities 32.9
69.9
263.8
—
366.6
Total current liabilities 2,741.9
284.9
871.3
(2,643.5 ) 1,254.6
Long-term debt 4,749.2
99.5
—
—
4,848.7
Long-term lease obligations —
1,405.3
3,426.6
—
4,831.9
Notes payable - affiliate —
—
310.5
(310.5 ) —
Deferred income taxes 574.2
—
—
(422.7 ) 151.5
Other liabilities 34.9
53.2
425.2
—
513.3
Total liabilities 8,100.2
1,842.9
5,033.6
(3,376.7 ) 11,600.0
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 14)

Equity:
Common stock —
39.4
81.9
(121.3 ) —
Additional paid-in capital 556.1
3,143.3
825.3
(3,968.6 ) 556.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 5.9
—
(1.2 ) 1.2
5.9
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings (392.0 ) (403.5 ) 2,925.7
(2,522.2 ) (392.0 )
Total equity 170.0
2,779.2
3,831.7
(6,610.9 ) 170.0
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 8,270.2
$ 4,622.1
$ 8,865.3
$ (9,987.6 ) $ 11,770.0

~~F-110~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net cash (used in) provided from operating
activities
$ (342.7 ) $ 301.6
$ 992.1
$ —
$ 951.0
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment (0.5 ) (120.4 ) (787.7 ) —
(908.6 )
Acquisition of Broadview, net of cash acquired (63.3 ) —
—
—
(63.3 )
Cash acquired from EarthLink —
0.7
4.3
—
5.0
Other, net —
(5.0 ) (11.3 ) —
(16.3 )
Net cash used in investing activities (63.8 ) (124.7 ) (794.7 ) —
(983.2 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Distributions to Windstream Holdings, Inc. (83.7 ) —
—
—
(83.7 )
Contribution from Windstream Holdings, Inc. 9.6
—
—
—
9.6
Repayments of debt and swaps (1,682.6 ) (435.3 ) (160.0 ) —
(2,277.9 )
Proceeds of debt issuance 2,614.6
—
—
—
2,614.6
Debt issuance costs (27.1 ) —
—
—
(27.1 )
Intercompany transactions, net (413.0 ) 338.7
74.3
—
—
Payments under long-term lease obligations —
(49.5 ) (119.2 ) —
(168.7 )
Payments under capital lease obligations —
(34.0 ) (5.0 ) —
(39.0 )
Other, net (11.3 ) 3.5
(3.5 ) —
(11.3 )
Net cash provided from (used in) financing
activities
406.5
(176.6 ) (213.4 ) —
16.5
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents —
0.3
(16.0 ) —
(15.7 )
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning of period —
2.2
56.9
—
59.1
End of period $ —
$ 2.5
$ 40.9
$ —
$ 43.4

~~F-111~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net cash (used in) provided from operating
activities
$ (143.2 ) $ 363.2
$ 705.4
$ —
$ 925.4
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment (0.6 ) (177.6 ) (811.6 ) —
(989.8 )
Proceeds from the sale of property —
1.0
5.3
—
6.3
Other, net (4.1 ) —
(2.4 ) —
(6.5 )
Net cash used in investing activities (4.7 ) (176.6 ) (808.7 ) —
(990.0 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Distributions to Windstream Holdings, Inc. (88.5 ) —
—
—
(88.5 )
Repayments of debt and swaps (3,263.7 ) —
—
—
(3,263.7 )
Proceeds of debt issuance 3,674.5
—
—
—
3,674.5
Debt issuance costs (12.4 ) —
—
—
(12.4 )
Intercompany transactions, net (155.0 ) (142.5 ) 294.2
3.3
—
Payments under long-term lease obligations —
(44.9 ) (107.9 ) —
(152.8 )
Payments under capital lease obligations —
(1.7 ) (56.0 ) —
(57.7 )
Other, net (7.0 ) 3.6
(3.6 ) —
(7.0 )
Net cash provided from (used in) financing
activities
147.9
(185.5 ) 126.7
3.3
92.4
Increase in cash and cash equivalents —
1.1
23.4
3.3
27.8
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning of period —
1.1
33.5
(3.3 ) 31.3
End of period $ —
$ 2.2
$ 56.9
$ —
$ 59.1

~~F-112~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~16. Supplemental Guarantor Information, Continued:~~

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
(Millions) Windstream Services Guarantors
Non-
Guarantors
Eliminations Consolidated
Cash Provided from Operating Activities:
Net cash (used in) provided from operating
   activities
$ (337.4 ) $ 259.8
$ 1,105.4
$ —
$ 1,027.8
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment (1.0 ) (187.2 ) (867.1 ) —
(1,055.3 )
Changes in restricted cash 6.7
—
—
—
6.7
Grant funds received for broadband stimulus
   projects
23.5
—
—
—
23.5
Network expansion funded by Connect America
Fund - Phase 1 —
(18.6 ) (55.3 ) —
(73.9 )
Disposition of data center business —
—
574.2
—
574.2
Other, net (9.6 ) 0.1
12.3
—
2.8
Net cash provided from (used in) investing
   activities
19.6
(205.7 ) (335.9 ) —
(522.0 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Distributions to Windstream Holdings, Inc. (416.6 ) —
—
—
(416.6 )
Payment received from Uniti in spin-off 1,035.0
—
—
—
1,035.0
Funding received from Uniti for tenant capital
improvements —
19.6
23.5
—
43.1
Repayments of debt and swaps (2,898.9 ) (450.0 ) (2.0 ) —
(3,350.9 )
Proceeds of debt issuance 2,335.0
—
—
—
2,335.0
Debt issuance costs (4.3 ) —
—
—
(4.3 )
Intercompany transactions, net 277.1
409.8
(709.6 ) 22.7
—
Payments under long-term lease obligations —
(35.6 ) (67.0 ) —
(102.6 )
Payments under capital lease obligations —
(4.2 ) (27.3 ) —
(31.5 )
Other, net (9.5 ) 3.6
(3.6 ) —
(9.5 )
Net cash provided from (used in) financing
   activities
317.8
(56.8 ) (786.0 ) 22.7
(502.3 )
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents —
(2.7 ) (16.5 ) 22.7
3.5
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning of period —
3.8
50.0
(26.0 ) 27.8
End of period $ —
$ 1.1
$ 33.5
$ (3.3 ) $ 31.3

~~F-113~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~____~~

~~17.~~19. Quarterly Financial Information – (Unaudited):


	For the Year Ended December 31, 2017															For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Millions, except per share amounts)	Total			4th			3rd			2nd			1st			Total			4th			3rd			2nd			1st
Revenues and sales	$	5,852.9		$	1,497.9		$	1,497.7		$	1,491.6		$	1,365.7		$	5,115.4		$	1,238.2		$	1,270.1		$	1,286.5		$	1,320.6
Operating (loss) income	$	(1,593.5	)	$	(1,789.3	)	$	43.0		$	106.8		$	46.0
Operating loss																$	(2,877.5	)	$	(38.8	)	$	(34.5	)	$	(422.9	)	$	(2,381.3	)
Net loss	$	(2,116.6	)	$	(1,835.7	)	$	(101.5	)	$	(68.1	)	$	(111.3	)	$	(3,157.8	)	$	(187.9	)	$	(115.5	)	$	(544.1	)	$	(2,310.3	)
Basic and diluted loss per share: (a)
Net loss		($12.52	)		($10.26	)		($.55	)		($.37	)		($.89	)		($74.06	)		($4.41	)		($2.71	)		($12.76	)		($54.26	)


(a)	Quarterly loss per share amounts may not add to full-year loss per share amounts due to the difference in weighted-average common shares for the quarters compared to the weighted-average common shares for the year.

Significant items affecting our historical operating trends in the quarterly periods of ~~2017~~2019 were as follows:

Operating loss in each of the quarters of 2019 reflected incremental expense of $168.8 million recognized each quarter, partially offset by lower depreciation expense of $83.4 million in the first and second quarters of 2019, $67.3 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $64.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2019. The incremental changes were attributable to our contractual arrangement with Uniti and resulted from the change in the accounting for this arrangement from a financing to an operating lease effective January 1, 2019 (see Note 2).

As discussed in Note 4,5, we recognized goodwill impairment charges of $2,339.0 million and $373.3 million in the first and second quarters of 2019.

Net loss in the first, second, third and fourth ~~quarter~~quarters of ~~2017~~2019 included reorganization items, net of $104.9 million, $85.4 million, $29.2 million and $41.1 million, respectively, incurred as a ~~goodwill impairment charge~~result of ~~$1,840.8 million.~~the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases (see Note 3).

F-112

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

19. Quarterly Financial Information – (Unaudited), Continued:

Net loss in the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2019 reflected lower interest expense of $113.7 million, $112.4 million, $111.1 million and $109.7 million, respectively, attributable to our contractual arrangement with Uniti and resulted from the change in the accounting for this arrangement from a financing to an operating lease effective January 1, 2019 (see Note 2). Interest expense also declined in each of the quarters of 2019 as a result of no longer incurring interest expense on Windstream Services senior secured second lien notes and unsecured senior notes subsequent to the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases on February 25, 2019 (see Note 3).



	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
(Millions, except per share amounts)	Total			4th			3rd		2nd			1st
Revenues and sales	$	5,713.1		$	1,393.8		$	1,420.6	$	1,444.4		$	1,454.3
Operating income	$	296.6		$	63.7		$	75.6	$	88.3		$	69.0
Net (loss) income	$	(723.0	)	$	(549.2	)	$	41.3	$	(93.7	)	$	(121.4	)
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share: (a)
Net (loss) income		($17.72	)		($12.92	)		$.97		($2.30	)		($3.25	)


(a)	Quarterly (loss) income per share amounts may not add to full-year (loss) earnings per share amounts due to the difference in weighted-average common shares for the quarters compared to the weighted-average common shares for the year.

Significant items affecting our historical operating trends in the quarterly periods of 2018 were as follows:

As discussed in Note 9,11, we recognize actuarial gains and losses for pension benefits as a component of net periodic benefit expense (income) in the fourth quarter of each year, unless an earlier measurement date is required. Results of operations for the fourth quarter of ~~2017~~2018 include net pre-tax actuarial losses related to pension benefits of ~~$10.5~~$14.9 million.

Net loss in the fourth quarter of 2018 includes a pre-tax gain of $145.4 million orfrom the sale of our Consumer CLEC business (see Note 14).

As of December 31, 2018, Windstream recorded a full valuation allowance, exclusive of a portion of deferred tax liabilities primarily associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets, due to the acceleration of all long-term debt obligations following an ~~after-tax charge~~adverse court ruling and subsequent filing of ~~$7.7~~the Chapter 11 Cases, and Windstream’s assessment that it was more likely than not that our deferred tax assets would not be realized. See Notes 6, 16 and 17 for additional information regarding the acceleration of long-term debt obligations, the court ruling, filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, and the related effects on income taxes.

Net income in the third quarter of 2018 primarily reflects a pre-tax gain of $190.3 million ~~respectively.~~from the early extinguishment of long-term debt in connection with the completion of two debt exchange transactions (see Note 6).

Operating ~~(loss)~~ income in each of the quarters of 2018 reflected reductions in merger, integration and other charges when compared to the same periods a year ago. The decreases were primarily attributable to our 2017 mergers with Broadview and EarthLink. Merger, integration and other charges decreased $28.5 million, $24.7 million, $2.3 million and $50.0 million in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2018, respectively. See Note 13 for additional information.

Operating income in each of the quarters of 2018 was adversely impacted by increases in depreciation and amortization expense when compared to the same periods a year ago. The increases were primarily attributable to the mergers with Broadview and EarthLink and ~~the implementation of new depreciation rates~~current year additions to property, plant and equipment, reflecting our continued investment in ~~the fourth quarter of 2016 that shortened the depreciable lives of assets used by certain of~~ our ~~subsidiaries partially offset by the effects of extending the useful lives of certain fiber assets from 20 to 25 years.~~broadband network.

Operating (loss) income and net loss in each of the quarters of 2017 included incremental merger, integration and other charges related to our mergers with Broadview and EarthLink. These incremental charges totaled $20.4 million, $31.5 million, $13.4 million and $53.1 million in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2017, respectively. See Note 11 for additional information.

Operating income and net loss in the third quarter of 2017 included incremental restructuring charges related to a workforce reduction designed to improve our overall cost structure and gain operational efficiencies. In undertaking these efforts, we eliminated approximately 700 employees and incurred a restructuring charge of $22.8 million, principally consisting of severance and employee benefit costs (see Note 11).

F-113

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
(Millions, except per share amounts) Total 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
Revenues and sales $ 5,387.0
$ 1,309.1
$ 1,344.9
$ 1,359.6
$ 1,373.4
Operating income $ 515.4
$ 73.7
$ 129.4
$ 154.6
$ 157.7
Net (loss) income $ (383.5 ) $ (86.9 ) $ (66.2 ) $ 1.5
$ (231.9 )
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share: (a)
Net (loss) income
($4.11 )
($.94 )
($.72 )
$.01

($2.52 )


~~(a)~~	Quarterly (loss) earnings per share amounts may not add to full-year (loss) earnings per share amounts due to the difference in weighted-average common shares for the quarters compared to the weighted-average common shares for the year.

~~F-114~~

(DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

____

~~17. Quarterly Financial Information – (Unaudited), Continued:~~20. Subsequent Events:

~~Significant items affecting our historical operating trends in~~Additional Debtor-In-Possession Borrowings

In March 2020, Windstream Services borrowed $400 million under the ~~quarterly periods of 2016 were as follows:~~

~~Results of operations for the fourth quarter of 2016 include net pre-tax actuarial losses related to pension benefits of $60.7 million or an after-tax charge of $37.2 million, respectively.~~

~~Operating income in each~~Revolving Facility of the ~~first three quarters of 2016 was favorably impacted by decreases in depreciation~~DIP Facilities to assist with working capital and ~~amortization expense when compared to~~other general corporate purposes during the same periods a year ago. The decreases were primarily attributable to fully depreciating at the end of 2015 a large number of assets acquired in connection with acquisitions completed in 2010 and 2011 and the 2015 disposals of the data center, consumer CLEC and directory publishing operations.coronavirus, COVID-19, global pandemic.

Net (loss) income for the first and second quarters of 2016 was adversely impacted by additional interest expense of $126.9 million and $125.4 million, respectively, attributable to the long-term lease obligation under the master lease agreement with Uniti. This additional interest expense increased the net loss $77.9 million and $76.9 million in the first and second quarters of 2016, respectively. (See Note 6).Bankruptcy-Related Developments

~~Net (loss) income for the first quarter of 2016 included an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $181.9 million related to our investment in Uniti. (See Note 5).~~

~~18. Subsequent Events:~~

On January 3, 2018, Windstream Holdings signed a definitive agreement to acquire MASS Communications (“MASS”), a privately held telecommunications network management company for approximately $37.5 million in an all-cash transaction. MASS Communications serves a broad range of small to mid-sized global enterprises in the financial, legal, healthcare, technology, education and government sectors, providing custom engineered voice, data and networking solutions. The transaction is expected to close by the second quarter of 2018, subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of necessary federal and state regulatory approvals.

In January 2018, we completed a workforce reduction eliminating approximately 400 employees to further streamline our operations. We incurred approximately $12.2 million of severance and employee benefits costs in eliminating these positions.

Plan Support Agreement - As previously discussed in Note 6,3, on ~~February 26, 2018, Windstream Services made~~March 2, 2020, the ~~required one-time mandatory redemption payment~~Debtors entered into a Plan Support Agreement (the “PSA”) with certain members of ~~$150.0~~first lien lenders and noteholders, including the Debtors’ largest creditor, Elliott Investment Management L.P., and Uniti. The PSA contemplates the Debtors’ restructuring and recapitalization, which will be implemented through a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization. On March 2, 2020, the Debtors publicly filed the PSA and accompanying plan term sheet, outlining the terms of the reorganization, including funding an exit facility in an aggregate amount up to $3,250 million and backstop commitments from certain first lien creditors (the “Backstop Commitment Agreement”) related to a $750 million common equity rights offering upon the ~~2024 Notes using available borrowing capacity under its revolving line~~effective date. On March 13, 2020, the Debtors filed a motion to approve the Backstop Commitment Agreement, providing for a backstop premium equal to 8 percent of ~~credit.~~the $750 million committed amount payable in common stock.

Uniti Settlement Agreement - As previously discussed in Note 3, on March 2, 2020, the Debtors announced that they had reached an agreement in principle with Uniti to settle any and all claims and causes that were or could have been asserted against Uniti by Windstream. Among the terms of the settlement, Uniti agreed to fund up to $1.75 billion in capital improvements to the network; pay Windstream $400 million payable in quarterly cash installments over five years, at an annual interest rate of 9.0 percent, which amount may be fully paid after one year, resulting in total cash payments ranging from $432 - $490 million; purchase certain unused and underutilized dark filer assets from Windstream and Uniti will transfer to Windstream $244.5 million of proceeds from, and conditioned upon, the sale of Uniti’s common stock to certain first lien creditors of Windstream Services. On May 8, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court approved the settlement with Uniti.

Plan of Reorganization - As previously discussed in Note 3, on April 1, 2020, the Debtors filed a Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (“the Plan”) with the Bankruptcy Court. On the same date, the Debtors filed a Disclosure Statement relating to the Plan, along with a motion seeking approval of the Disclosure Statement. On May 8, 2020, the Disclosure Statement was approved by the Bankruptcy Court, allowing Windstream to begin soliciting the requisite accepting votes in favor of the Plan. The Debtors retain the exclusive right to file the Plan through and including June 22, 2020, as well as the right to seek further extensions of such period up to the statutory maximum date of August 25, 2020. The Plan can be supplemented and revised based upon discussions with the Debtors’ creditors and other interested parties and in response to creditor claims and objections and the requirements of the Bankruptcy Code or the Bankruptcy Court. On June 24, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court is scheduled to hold a confirmation hearing to consider the approval of the Debtors’ Plan.

See Note 3 for additional information regarding the PSA, Uniti settlement agreement and the Plan.

~~F-115~~F-114



Year	Quarter	High	Low	Close	Dividend Declared
2017	4th	$2.73	$1.74	$1.85	$—
	3rd	$4.04	$1.73	$1.77	$—
	2nd	$5.76	$3.85	$3.88	$0.15
	1st	$8.35	$5.16	$5.45	$0.15
2016	4th	$10.10	$6.63	$7.33	$0.15
	3rd	$10.46	$8.13	$10.05	$0.15
	2nd	$9.50	$7.18	$9.27	$0.15
	1st	$8.35	$4.75	$7.68	$0.15



Total Cumulative Shareholder Returns
	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017
Windstream	$	100.00	$	96.38	$	99.52	$	48.10	$	54.75	$	13.82
S&P 500	$	100.00	$	129.60	$	144.36	$	143.31	$	156.98	$	187.47
S&P Telecom	$	100.00	$	106.49	$	104.45	$	102.65	$	120.93	$	113.72



(Millions, except ratios)
Gross leverage ratio:
Long term debt including current maturities	$	5,843.9
Capital leases, including current maturities	106.8
Total long term debt and capital leases	$	5,950.7
Operating loss, last twelve months	$	(1,591.5	)
Depreciation and amortization, last twelve months	1,470.0
Goodwill impairment	1,840.8
Other expense adjustments required by the credit facility (a)	(236.0		)
Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”)	$	1,483.3
Leverage ratio (b)	4.01
Maximum gross leverage ratio allowed	4.50
Interest coverage ratio:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,483.3
Interest expense, last twelve months	$	875.4
Adjustments required by the credit facility (c)	(489.7		)
Adjusted interest expense	$	385.7
Interest coverage ratio (d)	3.85
Minimum interest coverage ratio allowed	2.75



(Millions)	Initial Allocation		Adjustments			Preliminary Allocation
Fair value of assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	$	19.7	$	(2.3	)	$	17.4
Other current assets	7.7		(0.6		)	7.1
Property, plant and equipment	37.1		—			37.1
Goodwill	111.3		10.0			121.3
Customer lists (a)	57.0		(12.0		)	45.0
Trade names (b)	21.0		—			21.0
Developed technology (c)	10.0		—			10.0
Deferred income taxes	—		9.7			9.7
Other assets	0.6		2.0			2.6
Total assets acquired	264.4		6.8			271.2
Fair value of liabilities assumed:
Short-term debt obligations	160.2		—			160.2
Other current liabilities	40.2		6.7			46.9
Other liabilities	0.7		0.1			0.8
Total liabilities assumed	201.1		6.8			207.9
Cash paid, net of cash acquired	$	63.3	$	—		$	63.3



	Year Ended December 31,
(Millions)	2017			2016
Revenues and sales	$	6,002.4		$	6,369.3
Operating (loss) income	$	(1,562.1	)	$	453.7
Net loss	$	(2,098.3	)	$	(431.3	)
Loss per share		($11.45	)		($2.41	)



(Millions)
Balance at December 31, 2016 and 2015	$	4,213.6
Acquisitions completed during the period:
Broadview	121.3
EarthLink	348.3
Goodwill impairment	(1,840.8		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	2,842.4



(Millions)	(Premium) discount on early redemption			Third-party fees for early redemption			Unamortized (discount) premium on original issuance, net			Unamortized debt issuance costs on original issuance			Net (loss) gain on early extinguishment of debt
Year ended December 31, 2017:
Senior secured credit facility	$	—		$	—		$	(1.8	)	$	(2.3	)	$	(4.1	)
Broadview 2017 Notes	—			—			0.2			—			0.2
EarthLink 2019 and 2020 Notes	(18.3		)	—			16.3			—			(2.0		)
Partial repurchases of 2020 Notes	5.3			—			0.1			(0.4		)	5.0
Exchanges of 2020, 2021, 2022, and April 2023 Notes	(49.9		)	(2.0		)	2.2			(5.8		)	(55.5		)
Total	$	(62.9	)	$	(2.0	)	$	17.0		$	(8.5	)	$	(56.4	)
Year ended December 31, 2016:
Senior secured credit facility	$	—		$	—		$	(1.7	)	$	(1.4	)	$	(3.1	)
2017 Notes	(67.5		)	(2.4		)	(3.0		)	(5.4		)	(78.3		)
Partial repurchase of 2021, 2022 and 2023 Notes	68.7			—			0.9			(6.2		)	63.4
Total	$	1.2		$	(2.4	)	$	(3.8	)	$	(13.0	)	$	(18.0	)
Year ended December 31, 2015:
Senior secured credit facility	$	(6.6	)	$	(0.7	)	$	—		$	(8.6	)	$	(15.9	)
2018 Notes	(16.3		)	—			(1.4		)	(4.0		)	(21.7		)
2017 Notes	(8.6		)	—			(0.9		)	(1.8		)	(11.3		)
Partial repurchase of 2021, 2022 and 2023 Notes	19.4			—			0.3			(1.4		)	18.3
PAETEC 2018 Notes	(22.2		)	—			16.9			—			(5.3		)
Cinergy Communications Company Notes	(0.5		)	—			—			—			(0.5		)
Total	$	(34.8	)	$	(0.7	)	$	14.9		$	(15.8	)	$	(36.4	)



					Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Millions)	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets		Net Amount of Assets presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
December 31, 2017:
Interest rate swaps	$	11.8	$	11.8	$	(2.9	)	$	—	$	8.9

December 31, 2016:
Interest rate swaps	$	6.3	$	6.3	$	—		$	—	$	6.3



					Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Millions)	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities		Net Amount of Liabilities presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
December 31, 2017:
Interest rate swaps	$	18.3	$	18.3	$	(2.9	)	$	—	$	15.4

December 31, 2016:
Interest rate swaps	$	35.3	$	35.3	$	—		$	—	$	35.3



	Pension Benefits (a)						Postretirement Benefits
(Millions)	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Discount rate	4.19	%	4.40	%	4.14	%	4.26	%	4.67	%	4.21	%
Expected return on plan assets	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%
Rate of compensation increase	2.00	%	2.00	%	2.00	%	—	%	—	%	—	%



(Millions)	Domestic equities			Real estate LLCs			Guaranteed annuity contract			Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	0.1		$	76.6		$	1.1		$	77.8
Unrealized (loss) gains	(0.1		)	1.8			0.1			1.8
Purchases and sales, net	—			—			(0.4		)	(0.4		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	—			78.4			0.8			79.2
Unrealized (loss) gains	—			(5.7		)	0.1			(5.6		)
Purchases and sales, net	—			—			(0.1		)	(0.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	—		$	72.7		$	0.8		$	73.5



	(Thousands) Underlying Number of Shares		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	3,283.8		$	10.27
Replacement grants related to merger with EarthLink	2,858.7		$	7.19
Granted	2,692.4		$	4.72
Vested	(2,664.7	)	$	10.13
Forfeited	(1,056.1	)	$	7.43
Non-vested at December 31, 2017	5,114.1		$	6.29



(Millions)	Net (Gains) Losses on Interest Rate Swaps		Pension and Postretirement Plans			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	7.1	$	(1.2	)	$	5.9
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	7.0		5.7			12.7
Amounts reclassified from other accumulated comprehensive income (loss) (a)	3.3		(0.5		)	2.8
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	17.4	$	4.0		$	21.4



	Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
(Millions)	Windstream Services			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Consolidated
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues	$	—		$	1,011.0		$	4,304.9		$	(36.0	)	$	5,279.9
Product sales	—			96.4			10.7			—			107.1
Total revenues and sales	—			1,107.4			4,315.6			(36.0		)	5,387.0
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services	—			417.0			2,294.0			(33.2		)	2,677.8
Cost of products sold	—			86.7			11.8			—			98.5
Selling, general and administrative	—			150.7			648.1			(2.8		)	796.0
Depreciation and amortization	13.8			301.4			948.3			—			1,263.5
Merger, integration and other costs	—			—			13.8			—			13.8
Restructuring charges	—			2.9			17.4			—			20.3
Total costs and expenses	13.8			958.7			3,933.4			(36.0		)	4,869.9
Operating (loss) income	(13.8		)	148.7			382.2			—			517.1
Losses from consolidated subsidiaries	(65.1		)	(65.7		)	(15.1		)	145.9			—
Dividend income on Uniti common stock	17.6			—			—			—			17.6
Other income (expense), net	1.8			(0.8		)	(2.2		)	—			(1.2		)
Net gain on disposal of investment in Uniti common stock	15.2			—			—			—			15.2
Loss on sale of data center business	—			—			(10.0		)	—			(10.0		)
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	(18.0		)	—			—			—			(18.0		)
Other-than-temporary impairment loss on investment in Uniti common stock	(181.9		)	—			—			—			(181.9		)
Intercompany interest income (expense)	116.6			(44.6		)	(72.0		)	—			—
Interest expense	(355.1		)	(149.5		)	(356.0		)	—			(860.6		)
Loss before income taxes	(482.7		)	(111.9		)	(73.1		)	145.9			(521.8		)
Income tax benefit	(100.2		)	(16.3		)	(22.8		)	—			(139.3		)
Net loss	$	(382.5	)	$	(95.6	)	$	(50.3	)	$	145.9		$	(382.5	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(92.2	)	$	(95.6	)	$	(50.3	)	$	145.9		$	(92.2	)



	Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
(Millions)	Windstream Services			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Consolidated
Revenues and sales:
Service revenues	$	—		$	1,163.2		$	4,461.0		$	(25.6	)	$	5,598.6
Product sales	—			145.3			21.4			—			166.7
Total revenues and sales	—			1,308.5			4,482.4			(25.6		)	5,765.3
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services	—			493.6			2,290.6			(22.2		)	2,762.0
Cost of products sold	—			125.0			20.2			—			145.2
Selling, general and administrative	—			186.8			681.1			(3.4		)	864.5
Depreciation and amortization	18.3			334.5			1,013.7			—			1,366.5
Merger, integration and other costs	—			—			95.0			—			95.0
Restructuring charges	—			9.4			11.3			—			20.7
Total costs and expenses	18.3			1,149.3			4,111.9			(25.6		)	5,253.9
Operating (loss) income	(18.3		)	159.2			370.5			—			511.4
Earnings (losses) from consolidated subsidiaries	239.6			(149.9		)	(7.8		)	(81.9		)	—
Dividend income on Uniti common stock	48.2			—			—			—			48.2
Other (expense) income, net	(2.5		)	0.8			11.0			—			9.3
Gain on sale of data center business	—			—			326.1			—			326.1
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	(30.7		)	(5.3		)	(0.4		)	—			(36.4		)
Intercompany interest income (expense)	115.9			(46.5		)	(69.4		)	—			—
Interest expense	(440.1		)	(122.0		)	(251.1		)	—			(813.2		)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(87.9		)	(163.7		)	378.9			(81.9		)	45.4
Income tax (benefit) expense	(116.5		)	(15.8		)	149.1			—			16.8
Net income (loss)	$	28.6		$	(147.9	)	$	229.8		$	(81.9	)	$	28.6
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(267.9	)	$	(147.9	)	$	229.8		$	(81.9	)	$	(267.9	)



	Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
	As of December 31, 2017
(Millions)	Windstream Services			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors		Eliminations			Consolidated
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—		$	2.5		$	40.9	$	—		$	43.4
Accounts receivable, net	—			185.2			461.1		(3.3		)	643.0
Notes receivable - affiliate	—			5.0			—		(5.0		)	—
Affiliates receivable, net	—			18.3			1,949.8		(1,968.1		)	—
Inventories	—			76.9			16.1		—			93.0
Prepaid expenses and other	25.6			44.3			83.2		—			153.1
Total current assets	25.6			332.2			2,551.1		(1,976.4		)	932.5
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries	5,603.7			575.9			401.0		(6,580.6		)	—
Notes receivable - affiliate	—			306.9			—		(306.9		)	—
Goodwill	657.2			1,712.8			472.4		—			2,842.4
Other intangibles, net	479.8			461.7			512.9		—			1,454.4
Net property, plant and equipment	5.8			1,318.3			4,067.7		—			5,391.8
Deferred income taxes	—			460.7			205.2		(295.1		)	370.8
Other assets	25.7			15.5			51.2		—			92.4
Total Assets	$	6,797.8		$	5,184.0		$	8,261.5	$	(9,159.0	)	$	11,084.3
Liabilities and Equity (Deficit)
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	169.3		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	169.3
Current portion of long-term lease obligations	—			55.2			133.4		—			188.6
Accounts payable	—			123.4			370.6		—			494.0
Affiliates payable, net	1,968.1			—			—		(1,968.1		)	—
Notes payable - affiliate	—			—			5.0		(5.0		)	—
Advance payments and customer deposits	—			40.7			169.9		(3.3		)	207.3
Accrued taxes	—			23.8			65.7		—			89.5
Accrued interest	50.2			1.8			0.6		—			52.6
Other current liabilities	15.6			102.7			223.8		—			342.1
Total current liabilities	2,203.2			347.6			969.0		(1,976.4		)	1,543.4
Long-term debt	5,575.0			99.6			—		—			5,674.6
Long-term lease obligations	—			1,350.1			3,293.2		—			4,643.3
Notes payable - affiliate	—			—			306.9		(306.9		)	—
Deferred income taxes	295.1			—			—		(295.1		)	—
Other liabilities	23.4			77.1			421.4		—			521.9
Total liabilities	8,096.7			1,874.4			4,990.5		(2,578.4		)	12,383.2
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 14)
Equity (Deficit):
Common stock	—			39.4			81.9		(121.3		)	—
Additional paid-in capital	1,187.1			3,958.6			1,358.1		(5,316.7		)	1,187.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income	21.4			—			4.0		(4.0		)	21.4
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	(2,507.4		)	(688.4		)	1,827.0		(1,138.6		)	(2,507.4		)
Total equity (deficit)	(1,298.9		)	3,309.6			3,271.0		(6,580.6		)	(1,298.9		)
Total Liabilities and Equity (Deficit)	$	6,797.8		$	5,184.0		$	8,261.5	$	(9,159.0	)	$	11,084.3



	Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
	As of December 31, 2016
(Millions)	Windstream Services			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Consolidated
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—		$	2.2		$	56.9		$	—		$	59.1
Accounts receivable, net	—			178.9			439.7			—			618.6
Notes receivable - affiliate	—			4.8			—			(4.8		)	—
Affiliates receivable, net	—			531.9			2,106.8			(2,638.7		)	—
Inventories	—			65.9			11.6			—			77.5
Prepaid expenses and other	10.1			36.5			65.1			—			111.7
Total current assets	10.1			820.2			2,680.1			(2,643.5		)	866.9
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries	6,081.8			297.7			231.4			(6,610.9		)	—
Notes receivable - affiliate	—			310.5			—			(310.5		)	—
Goodwill	1,636.7			1,364.4			1,212.5			—			4,213.6
Other intangibles, net	515.2			258.8			546.5			—			1,320.5
Net property, plant and equipment	6.9			1,234.3			4,042.3			—			5,283.5
Deferred income taxes	—			320.2			102.5			(422.7		)	—
Other assets	19.5			16.0			50.0			—			85.5
Total Assets	$	8,270.2		$	4,622.1		$	8,865.3		$	(9,987.6	)	$	11,770.0
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	14.9		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	14.9
Current portion of long-term lease obligations	—			49.5			119.2			—			168.7
Accounts payable	—			101.5			288.7			—			390.2
Affiliates payable, net	2,638.7			—			—			(2,638.7		)	—
Notes payable - affiliate	—			—			4.8			(4.8		)	—
Advance payments and customer deposits	—			40.9			137.2			—			178.1
Accrued taxes	—			21.3			56.7			—			78.0
Accrued interest	55.4			1.8			0.9			—			58.1
Other current liabilities	32.9			69.9			263.8			—			366.6
Total current liabilities	2,741.9			284.9			871.3			(2,643.5		)	1,254.6
Long-term debt	4,749.2			99.5			—			—			4,848.7
Long-term lease obligations	—			1,405.3			3,426.6			—			4,831.9
Notes payable - affiliate	—			—			310.5			(310.5		)	—
Deferred income taxes	574.2			—			—			(422.7		)	151.5
Other liabilities	34.9			53.2			425.2			—			513.3
Total liabilities	8,100.2			1,842.9			5,033.6			(3,376.7		)	11,600.0
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 14)
Equity:
Common stock	—			39.4			81.9			(121.3		)	—
Additional paid-in capital	556.1			3,143.3			825.3			(3,968.6		)	556.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	5.9			—			(1.2		)	1.2			5.9
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	(392.0		)	(403.5		)	2,925.7			(2,522.2		)	(392.0		)
Total equity	170.0			2,779.2			3,831.7			(6,610.9		)	170.0
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	8,270.2		$	4,622.1		$	8,865.3		$	(9,987.6	)	$	11,770.0