UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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| ☒ | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212023
or
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| ☐ | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from __________ to __________.
Commission File No. 000-51399
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| Federally chartered corporation of the United States | | 31-6000228 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
| 600 Atrium Two, P.O. Box 598, Cincinnati, Ohio | | 45201-0598 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
(513) 852-7500
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Class B Stock, par value $100 per share
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d). of the Act.
☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated Filer ☐ | Accelerated Filer ☐ | |
| Non-accelerated Filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
| | Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes ☒ No
The capital stock of the registrant is not listed on any securities exchange or quoted on any automated quotation system, only may be owned by members and former members and is transferable only at its par value of $100 per share. At June 30, 2021,2023, the aggregate par value of all Class B stock held by members and former members was $2,732,148,500.$5,864,380,100. As of February 28, 2022,29, 2024, the registrant had 35,818,54747,211,628 shares of capital stock outstanding, which included stock classified as mandatorily redeemable.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: None
Table of Contents
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| PART I | |
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| Item 1. | Business | |
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| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | |
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| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | |
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| Item 1C. | Cybersecurity | |
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| Item 2. | Properties | |
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| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | |
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| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | |
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| PART II | |
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| Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | |
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| Item 6. | [Reserved] | |
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| Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
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| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | |
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| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | |
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| Financial Statements for the Years Ended 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, and 20192021 | |
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| Notes to Financial Statements | |
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| Supplemental Financial Data | |
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| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | |
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| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | |
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| Item 9B. | Other Information | |
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| Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | |
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| PART III | |
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| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | |
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| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | |
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| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | |
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| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | |
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| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | |
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| PART IV | |
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| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | |
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| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | |
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| Signatures | | |
PART I
Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward Looking Information
This documentreport contains forward-looking statements that describe the objectives, expectations, estimates, and assessments of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (the FHLB). These statements use words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “may,” and “should.” By their nature, forward-looking statements relate to matters involving risks or uncertainties, some of which we may not be able to know, control, or completely manage. Actual future results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements or could affect the extent to which we are able to realize an objective, expectation, estimate, or assessment. Some of theThese risks and uncertainties that could affect our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
▪the effects of economic, financial, credit, market, and member conditions on our financial condition and results of operations, including changes in economic growth, general liquidity conditions, inflation and deflation, interest rates, interest rate spreads, interest rate volatility, mortgage originations, prepayment activity, housing prices, asset delinquencies, and members' mergers and consolidations, deposit flows, liquidity needs, and loan demand;
▪political, national or world events, including acts of war, civil unrest, terrorism, natural disasters, climate change, pandemics, including the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other unanticipated or catastrophic events;
▪political events, andincluding legislative, regulatory, government, judicial or other developments that could affect us, our members, our counterparties, other Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks) and other government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), and/or investors in the Federal Home Loan Bank System's (FHLBank System or System) unsecured debt securities, which are called Consolidated Obligations (or Obligations), such as any government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) reforms, any changes resulting from the Federal Housing Finance Agency's (Finance Agency) review and analysis of the FHLBank System, including recommendations published in its "FHLBank System at 100: Focusing on the Future" report, changes in the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932, as amended (FHLBank Act), changes in applicable sections of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, or changes in other statutes or regulations applicable to the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks);
▪competitive forces, including those related to other sources of funding available to members, to purchases of mortgage loans, and to our issuance of Consolidated Obligations;
▪the financial results and actions of other FHLBanks that could affect our ability, in relation to the FHLBank System's joint and several liability for Consolidated Obligations, to access the capital markets on favorableacceptable terms or preserve our profitability, or could alter the regulations and legislation to which we are subject;
▪changes in ratings assigned to FHLBank System Obligations or the FHLB that could raise our funding cost;
▪changes in investor demand for Consolidated Obligations;
▪the volatility of market prices, interest rates, credit quality, and other indices that could affect the value of investments and collateral we hold as security for member obligations and/or for counterparty obligations;
▪uncertainties related to the expected phasing out of London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) that could impact our mortgage-backed security (MBS) investments, Advances, derivatives, and collateral;
▪the ability to attract and retain skilled management and other key employees;
▪the ability to develop, secure and support technology and information systems that effectively manage the risks we face (including cybersecurity risks);
▪the risk of loss arising from failures or interruptions in our ongoing business operations, internal controls, information systems or other operating technologies;
▪the ability to successfully manage new products and services; and
▪the risk of loss arising from litigation filed against us or one or more other FHLBanks.
We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this document.report.
Readers of this report should not rely solely on the forward-looking statements and should consider all risks and uncertainties addressed throughout this report, as well as those discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Item 1. Business.
COMPANY INFORMATION
Company Background
The FHLB is a regional wholesale bank that serves the public interest by providing financial products and services to our members to fulfill a public-policy mission of supporting housing finance and community investment. We are part of the FHLBank System. Each of the 11 FHLBanks operates as a separate entity with its own stockholders, employees, Board of Directors, and business model. Our region, known as the Fifth District, comprises Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee.
The U.S. Congress chartered the FHLBank System in the Federal Home Loan BankFHLBank Act of 1932 (the FHLBank Act) as a GSE to help provide liquidity and credit to the U.S. housing market and support home ownership. Promoting home ownership is a long-standing central theme of U.S. government policy. The System has a critical public-policy role as important national liquidity providers to mortgage lenders,the financial system through our member stockholders, particularly during stressful conditions when private-sector liquidity often proves unreliable.
The FHLBanks are not government agencies and the U.S. government does not guarantee, directly or indirectly, the debt securities or other obligations of the FHLBank System. Rather, the FHLBanks are GSEs, which combine private sector ownership with public sector sponsorship. In addition, the FHLBanks are cooperative institutions, privately and wholly owned by stockholders who are also the primary customers.
The FHLBank System also includes the Federal Housing Finance Agency (Finance Agency) and the Office of Finance. The Finance Agency is an independent agency in the executive branch of the U.S. government that regulates the FHLBanks, the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), and the Office of Finance. The Office of Finance is a joint office of the FHLBanks that facilitates the issuance and servicing of the FHLBank System's Consolidated Obligations.
All federally insured depositoryThrift institutions, commercial banks, credit unions, certain insurance companies, and certified community development financial institutions chartered in the Fifth District may voluntarily apply for membership in our FHLB. Applicants must satisfy membership requirements in accordance with statutes and Finance Agency regulations. These requirements deal primarily with home financing activities, satisfactory financial condition such that Advances may be made safely, and matters related to the regulatory, supervisory and management oversight of the applicant. By law, an institution is permitted to apply for membership in only one FHLBank, although a holding company may have memberships in more than one FHLBank through its subsidiaries. At December 31, 2021,2023, we had 618609 members.
We are exempt from all federal, state, and local taxation other than real property taxes. Any cash dividends we issue are taxable to members and do not benefit from the corporate dividends received exclusion. Notes 1 and 10 of the Notes to Financial Statements provide additional details regarding the assessment for the Affordable Housing Program.
Our internet address is www.fhlbcin.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.
Mission and Corporate Objectives
Our mission is to provide member-stockholders with financial services and a competitive return on their capital investmentreliable funding to help them facilitate and expandsupport housing finance, affordable housing and community investment, and achieveassist with their objectives for liquidity and asset liabilitybalance sheet management.
How We Achieve the Mission
We achieve our mission through a cooperative business model. We raise private-sector capital from member stockholders and issue low-cost, high-quality debt in the global capital markets jointly with other FHLBanks. The capital and proceeds from debt issuance enable us to provide members services—primarily, access to liquidity via reliable, readily available, and low-cost sources of funding to support their business activities including affordable housing and community investment. Another important member service is that we offer a program to purchase certain mortgage loans, which provides members liquidity and helps them reduce market risk. Additionally, we provide a competitive return on members' capital investment in our company.
Our ability to best perform our mission depends on having a membership base that is an essential component of the nation’s housing and mortgage finance systems. We focus closely on fulfilling our mission for members who are community financial institutions, who we believe typically rely more on us for access to liquidity and mortgage markets compared with larger members. At the same time, we value having large members who are active borrowers because they provide the System the ability to consistently issue large amounts of debt, which helps ensure the debt has a relatively low cost, benefiting all members.
The primary products we offer are readily available low-cost loans called Advances, purchases of certain whole mortgage loans sold by qualifying members through the Mortgage Purchase Program (MPP), and Letters of Credit. We also offer affordable housing programs and related activities to support members in their efforts to assist very low-, low- and moderate-income
households and their local communities. To a more limited extent, we also have several correspondent services that assist members in operational administration.
The primary way we obtain funding is through participation in the issuance of the FHLBank System's Consolidated Obligations in the global capital markets. Secondary sources of funding are capital and deposits we accept from our members. A critical component of the success of the FHLBank System is its ability to maintain a comparative advantage in funding which due togiven its GSE status, confers an implied guarantee from the U.S. federal government, low risk operations, and joint and several liability across the 11 FHLBanks. We regularly issue Obligations with a wide range of maturities, structures, and amounts, and at relatively favorable spreads to benchmark market interest rates (such as U.S. Treasury securities, Federal funds effective, and the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)) compared with many other financial institutions.
Because we are a cooperative organization with some members using our products more heavily than others and members having different percentagesamounts of capital stock, we must achieve a balance in generating membership value from product prices and characteristics and paying a competitive dividend rate. We attempt to achieve this balance by pricing our products at relatively narrow spreads over funding costs, compared with other financial institutions, while still achieving acceptable profitability. Our cooperative ownership structure and extensive access to debt markets allow our business to be scalable and self-capitalizing without taking undue risks, diminishing capital adequacy, or jeopardizing profitability.
Our franchise value is derived from the synergies brought by the various components of our business model, including the public-policy mandate, GSE status, cooperative ownership structure, consistent ability to issue large amounts of debt at favorableacceptable funding costs, and mechanisms of providing housing finance liquidity through products and services to financial institutions rather than directly to homeowners.
Corporate Objectives
Our corporate objectives, listed below, are intended to promote housing finance among members and ensure our operations and governance are effective and efficient.
▪Mission Assets and Activities (as defined below): Implement strategies and tactics and effectively manage operations to promote members’ usage of Primary Mission Assets and Supplemental Mission Activities and stand ready at all times to provide liquidity to members.
▪Stock Return: Earn adequate profitability so that members receive a competitive long-term dividend on their capital stock investment.
▪Housing and Community Investment Programs: Maintain effective housing and community investment programs and offer targeted voluntary assistance programs.
▪Safe and Sound Operations: Optimize our counterparty and deposit ratings, achieve an acceptable rating on annual examinations, and have an adequate amount and composition of capital.
▪Risk Management: Employ effective risk optimization management practices and maintain risk exposures at low to moderate levels.
▪Stock Return: Earn adequate profitability so that members receive a competitive long-term dividend on their capital stock investment.
▪Governance: Operate in accordance with effective corporate governance processes that emphasize compliance and consider the interest of all stakeholders (members, stockholders, employees, creditors, housing partners, and regulators).
Business Activities
Mission Assets and Activities
The following are our principal business activities with members:
▪We lend readily-available, competitively-priced, and fully-collateralized Advances.
▪We issue collateralizedfully-collateralized Letters of Credit.
▪We purchase qualifying residential mortgage loans through the MPP and hold them on our balance sheet.
We also may execute standby bond purchase agreements with state housing authorities, which is a minor source of business activity. Together, these product offerings constitute “Mission Assets and Activities.” We refer to Advances and Letters of Credit as Credit Services.
Affordable Housing and Community Investment
In addition, through various Housing and Community Investment programs, we assist members in serving very low-, low-, and moderate-income households and community economic development. These programs provideinclude Advances at below-market rates of interest, as well as direct grants.
Investments
To help us achieve our mission and corporate objectives, we invest in highly-rated debt instruments of financial institutions and the U.S. government and in mortgage-related securities. In practice, these investments normally include liquidity instruments and longer-term MBS,mortgage-backed securities (MBS), as permitted by Finance Agency regulation. Investments provide liquidity, help us manage market risk exposure, enhance earnings, and through the purchase of mortgage-related securities, support the housing market.
Sources of Earnings
Our major source of revenue is interest income earned on Advances, MPP loans, and investments.
Major items of expense are:
▪interest paid on Consolidated Obligations and deposits to fund assets;
▪costs of providing below-market-cost Advances and direct grants and subsidies under the Affordable Housing Program; and
▪non-interest expenses.
The largest component of earnings is net interest income, which equals interest income minus interest expense. We derive net interest income from the interest rate spread earned on assets versus funding costs and the use of financial leverage. Each of these can vary over time with changes in market conditions, including most importantly interest rates, business conditions and our risk management activities.
We believe members' capital investment is comparable to investing in adjustable-rate preferred equity instruments. Therefore, we structure our balance sheet risk exposures so that earnings tend to move in the same direction as changes in short-term market rates, which can help provide a degree of predictability for dividend returns.
Capital
Due to our cooperative structure, we obtain capital from members. Each member must own capital stock as a condition of membership and normally must acquire additional stock above the membership stock amount in order to gain access to Mission Assets and Activities. Acquiring capital in connection with growth in Mission Assets and Activities ensures that these assets are self-capitalizing. We issue, redeem, and repurchase capital stock only at its stated par value of $100 per share. By law, our stock is not publicly traded.
We also maintain an amount of capital to ensure we meet all of our regulatory and business requirements relating to capital adequacy and protection of creditors against losses. We hold retained earnings to protect members' stock investment against impairment risk and to help stabilize dividend payments when earnings may be volatile.
Governance
Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors is responsible for the overall oversight and management of the FHLBank pursuant to the Federal Home Loan Bank Act. The combination of public sponsorship and private ownership that drives our business model is reflected in the composition of our 17-member Board of Directors, all of whom members elect. Ten directors are officers and/or directors of our member institutions, while the remaining directors are Independent directors who represent the public interest. When nominating Independent director candidates, our Board values diversity across a number of categories, including diversity of gender, race, and ethnicity, as well as professional backgrounds. The professional backgrounds of our Independent directors cover a wide range of industries and expertise in areas such as financial markets and economics, affordable housing organizations, and technology, including cybersecurity.
Culture of Ethical Behavior
We are committed to the highest possible standards of honesty, integrity and conduct. These standards are essential to our business and foster confidence in our FHLBank and the FHLB System. To promote these standards with our employees and our vendors, we maintain a Whistleblower Policy, Standards of Conduct that apply to all employees, and a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers. The Standards of Conduct outline employees’ responsibilities to “promptly raise compliance and ethics questions and concerns” and provide a description of the types of questions and concerns that should be raised. Each employee receives training on and certifies understanding and acceptance of the Standards of Conduct at the inception of their employment and, thereafter, must certify their compliance with the Standards of Conduct at least once each year.
Regulatory Oversight
Our business is subject to extensive regulation and supervision. The laws and regulations to which we are subject cover all key aspects of our business, and directly and indirectly affect our product and service offerings, pricing, competitive position and strategic plan, relationship with members and third parties, capital structure, cash needs and uses, and information security. As discussed throughout this document,report, such laws and regulations can have a significant effect on key drivers of our results of operations, including, for example, our capital and liquidity, product and service offerings, risk management, and costs of compliance.
The Finance Agency has regulatory authority over the FHLBanks and is charged with ensuring that each FHLBank carries out its housing and community development finance mission, remains adequately capitalized, operates in a safe and sound manner, and complies with Finance Agency regulations. The Finance Agency is headed by a Director who has authority to promulgate regulations and to make other decisions.
To carry out these responsibilities, the Finance Agency conducts examinations of each FHLBank at least annually, as well as periodic reviews, and receives monthly information on a daily or monthly basis relating to each FHLBank's activities, financial condition and operating results. While an individual FHLBank has substantial discretion in governance and operational structure, the Finance Agency maintains broad supervisory and regulatory authority. In addition, the Comptroller General has authority to audit or examine the Finance Agency and the FHLBanks, to decide the extent to which the FHLBanks fairly and effectively fulfill the purposes of the FHLBank Act, and to review any audit, or conduct its own audit, of the financial statements of an FHLBank.
Ratings of Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations
The FHLBank System's comparative advantage in funding is acknowledged in its excellent credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) currently assigns, and historically has assigned, the System's Consolidated Obligations the highest ratings available: long-term debt is rated Aaa and short-term debt is rated P-1. It also assigns a Prime-1 short-term bond rating on each FHLBank. It affirmed these ratings in 2021 and maintained a2023 but changed the outlook on the ratings from stable outlook.to negative, consistent with its ratings action taken with respect to the United States. In 2021,2023, Standard & Poor's affirmed its issuer credit ratings on each FHLBank and its AA+ ratings on the System's senior debt and also maintained a stable outlook. The ratings closely follow the U.S. sovereign ratings from both agencies.
The agencies' rationales for their ratings of the System and our FHLB include the System's status as a GSE; the joint and several liability for Obligations; excellent overall asset quality; extremely strong capacity to meet commitments to pay timely
principal and interest on debt; strong liquidity; conservative use of derivatives; adequate capitalization relative to our risk
profile; a stable capital structure; and the fact that no FHLBank has ever defaulted on repayment of, or delayed return of principal or interest on, any Obligation.
A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. A rating organization may revise or withdraw its ratings at any time, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. We cannot predict what future actions, if any, a rating organization may take regarding the System's or our ratings.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We manage the development, resource allocation, product delivery, pricing, credit risk management, and operational administration of our Mission Assets and Activities in two business segments: Traditional Member Finance and the MPP. Traditional Member Finance includes Credit Services, housing and community investment, investments, some correspondent and deposit services, and other financial products of the FHLB. See the “Segment Information” section of “Results of Operations” in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 14 of the Notes to Financial Statements for more information on our business segments, including their results of operations.
Traditional Member Finance
Credit Services
Advances. Advances are competitively priced sources of funds available for members to help manage their asset/liability and liquidity needs. Advances can both complement and be alternatives to retail deposits, other wholesale funding sources, and corporate debt issuance. We strive to facilitate efficient, fast, and continuous member access to funds. In most cases, members can access funds on a same-day basis.
We price a variety of standard Advance programs every business day and several other standard programs on demand. We also offer customized, non-standard Advances. Having diverse programs gives members the flexibility to choose and customize their borrowings according to size, maturity, interest rate, interest rate index (for adjustable-rate coupons), interest rate options, and other features.
Repurchase based (REPO) Advances are short-term, fixed-rate instruments structured similarly to repurchase agreements from investment banks, with one principal difference. Members collateralize their REPO Advances through our normal collateralization process, instead of being required to pledge specific securities as would be required in a typical repurchase agreement. A majority of REPO Advances outstanding have overnight maturities.
Adjustable-rate Advances have interest rates typically priced off benchmark rate indices, such as SOFR, or historically LIBOR.primarily SOFR. Adjustable-rate Advances may be structured at the member's option as either prepayable with a fee or prepayable without a fee if the prepayment is made on a repricing date.
Regular Fixed-Rate Advances have terms of 3 months to 30 years, with interest normally paid monthly and principal repayment normally at maturity. Members may choose to purchase call options on these Advances, although in the last several years, balances with call options have been at or close to zero.
Putable Advances are fixed-rate Advances that provide us an option to terminate the Advance, usually after an initial “lockout” period. Most have long-term original maturities. Selling us these options enables members to secure lower rates on Putable Advances compared to Regular Fixed-Rate Advances with the same final maturity.
Mortgage-Related Advances are fixed-rate, amortizing Advances with final maturities of 5 to 30 years. Some of these Advances, at the choice of the member, provide members with prepayment options without fees.
We also offer various other Advance programs that have smaller outstanding balances.
Letters of Credit. Letters of Credit are collateralized contractual commitments we issue on a member's behalf to guarantee its performance to third parties. A Letter of Credit may obligate us to make direct payments to a third party, in which case it is treated as an Advance to the member. The most popular use of Letters of Credit is as collateral supporting public unit deposits, which are deposits held by governmental units at financial institutions. We normally earn fees on Letters of Credit based on the actual average amount of the Lettersletters utilized, which generally is less than the notional amount issued.
How We Manage Risks of Credit Services. We manage market risk from Advances by funding them with Consolidated Obligations and hedging them with interest rate swaps that have similar interest rate risk characteristics as the Advances. The net effect is that in practice we mitigate nearly all of the market risk exposure associated with Advances.
In addition, for many, but not all Advance programs, Finance Agency regulations require us to charge members prepayment fees for early termination of principal when the early termination results in an economic loss to us. We determine prepayment fees using standard present-value calculations that make us economically indifferent to the prepayment. The prepayment fee equals the present value of the estimated profit that we would have earned over the remaining life of the prepaid Advance. If a member prepays principal on an Advance that we have hedged with an interest rate swap, we may also assess the member a fee to compensate us for the cost we incur in terminating the swap before its stated final maturity. Some Advance programs are structured as non-prepayable and may have additional restrictions in order to terminate. The net effect is that in practice we mitigate market risk exposure associated with Advances sufficiently and within our risk tolerance.
We manageThe objective of our credit risk on Advances by requiringmanagement activities for Credit Services is to equalize risk exposure across members and counterparties to a zero level of expected losses. We require each member to supply us with a security interest in eligible collateral that in the aggregate has estimated value in excess of the total Advances and Letters of Credit. Collateral is comprised mostly of single- and multi-family residential loans, commercial real estate loans, home equity loans, government guaranteed loans and bond securities. The combination of conservative collateral policies and risk-based credit underwriting activities sufficiently mitigates virtually all potential credit risk associated with Advances and Letters of Credit. We have never experiencedAs a result, at December 31, 2023, we did not expect any credit losslosses on Advances nor have we ever determined it necessary to establish a loan loss reserveand, therefore, no allowance for Advances.credit losses on Advances was recorded. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management” in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 5 of the Notes to Financial Statements provide more detail on our credit risk management of member borrowings.
Investments
Types of Investments. A primary reason we hold investments is to carry sufficient asset liquidity. Permissible liquidity investments include Federal funds, certificates of deposit, bank notes, bankers' acceptances, commercial paper, demand deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and debt securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies, or other GSE's. The first five categories represent unsecured lending to private counterparties. We also may place deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank. We are prohibited by Finance Agency regulations from investing (secured or unsecured) in financial investments issued by non-U.S. entities other than those issued by U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks. Many liquidity investments have short-term maturities.
We are also permitted by regulation to purchase the following other investments, which have longer original maturities than liquidity investments:
▪MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations (together, referred to as MBS) issued by GSEs, other U.S. government agencies or private issuers;
▪asset-backed securities collateralized by manufactured housing loans or home equity loans issued by GSEs or private issuers; and
▪marketable direct obligations of certain government units and agencies (such as state housing finance agencies) that supply needed funding for housing or community lending and that do not exceed 20 percent of our regulatory capital.
We have never purchased asset-backed securities and do not own any privately-issued MBS.
Per Finance Agency regulations, the total investment in MBS and asset-backed securities may not exceed 300 percent of previous month-end regulatory capital on the day we purchase the securities. See the “Capital Resources” section below for the definition of regulatory capital.
Purposes of Having Investments. The investments portfolio helps achieve corporate objectives in the following ways:
▪Liquidity management. Liquidity investments support the ability to fund assets on a timely basis, especially Advances, and when it may be more difficult to issue new debt. These investments supply liquidity because we normally fund them with longer-term debt than asset maturities. We alsoLiquidity investments are either short-term (primarily overnight), or longer-term investments (such as U.S. Treasuries) that may be ablepledged or sold and converted to obtain liquidity by selling certain investments for cash without a significant loss of value.cash.
▪Earnings enhancement. The investments portfolio, especially MBS, assists with earning a competitive return on capital, and increasing funding for Housing and Community Investment programs. In addition, liquidity investments help stabilize earnings because they typically earn a relatively stable spread to the cost of debt issued to fund them.
▪Management of debt issuance. Maintaining a short-term liquidity investment portfolio can help us participate in attractively priced debt issuances, on an opportunistic basis. We can temporarily invest proceeds from debt issuances in short-term liquid assets and quickly access them to fund demand for Mission Assets and Activities, rather than having debt issuances dictated solely by the timing of member demand.
▪Support of housing market. Investment in MBS and state housing finance agency bonds directly supports the residential mortgage market by providing capital and financing for mortgages.
How We Manage Risks of Investments. We strive to ensure our investment holdings have a moderate degree of market risk and limited credit risk, which tends to lower the returns we can expect to earn on these securities. We believe that a philosophy of purchasing investments with a high amount of market or credit risk would be inconsistent with our GSE status and corporate objectives.
Market risk associated with short-term investments tends to be minimal because of their short maturities and because we typically fund them with short-term Consolidated Obligations. We mitigate much of the market risk of MBS, which exists primarily from changes in mortgage prepayment speeds, by limiting their balances to 300 percent of regulatory capital and by funding them with a portfolio of long-term fixed-rate callable and non-callable Obligations. Additionally, we mitigate much of the market risk of longer-term non-MBS securities, and a portion of our MBS, by using interest rate swaps to effectively convert the fixed rate investments to adjustable-rate investments. We also manage the market risk exposure of the entire balance sheet within prudent policy limits.
Finance Agency regulations and internal policies also provide controls on market risk exposure by restricting the types of mortgage loans, MBS and other investments we can hold. These restrictions prohibit, among others, the purchase of interest only or principal only stripped MBS and MBS whose average life varies more than six years under a 300 basis points interest rate shock.
Our internal policies specify guidelines for, and relatively tight constraints on, the types and amounts of short-term investments we are permitted to hold and the maximum amount of credit risk exposure we are permitted to have with eligible counterparties. We are permitted to invest only in the instruments of counterparties with high credit ratings, and because of our conservative investment policies and practices, we believe all of our investments have high credit quality. We have never hadquality because of our conservative investment policies and practices. As a result, at December 31, 2023, we did not expect any credit loss or credit-related write down of any investment security.losses on our investments and, therefore, no allowance for credit losses on investments was recorded.
Deposits
We provide a variety of deposit programs, including demand, overnight, term and Federal funds, which enable depositors to invest funds in short-term liquid assets. We accept deposits from members, other FHLBanks, any institution to which we offer correspondent services, and other government instrumentalities. The rates of interest we pay on deposits are subject to change daily based on comparable money market interest rates. The balances in deposit programs tend to vary positively with the amount of idle funds members have available to invest, as well as the level of short-term interest rates. Deposits have typically represented one to three percentare a minor source of our funding sources in recent years.funding.
Mortgage Purchase Program (MPP or Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio)
Description of the MPP
Types of Loans and Benefits. Finance Agency regulations permit FHLBanks to purchase and hold specified whole mortgage loans from their members, which offers members a competitive alternative to the traditional secondary mortgage market and directly supports housing finance. We account for MPP loans as mortgage loans held for portfolio. By selling mortgage loans to us, members can increase their balance sheet liquidity and lower interest rate and mortgage prepayment risks. The MPP particularly enables small- and medium-sized community-based financial institutions to use their existing relationship with us to participate more effectively in the secondary mortgage market.
We purchase two types of mortgage loans: qualifying conforming fixed-rate conventional 1-4 family residential mortgages and residential mortgages fully insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Members approved to sell us these loans are referred to as Participating Financial Institutions (PFIs).
A “conventional” mortgage refers to a non-government-guaranteed mortgage. A “conforming” mortgage refers to a loan that meets the maximum amountdollar limit permissible to be lent as a regular prime (i.e., non-jumbo, non-subprime) mortgage.mortgage and other funding criteria of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. For 2022,2024, the Finance Agency established the conforming limit for mortgages that
establishedfinance single-family one-unit properties at $766,550. Additionally, the Finance Agency allows higher conforming limit at $647,200 withlimits on loans originated in a limited number of high-cost cities and counties receiving higher conforming limits.areas. We have elected not to only purchase mortgages subjectup to these higherthe $766,550 conforming limits.limit.
Loan Purchase Process. A Master Commitment Contract is negotiated with each PFI, in which the PFI agrees to make a best efforts attempt to sell us a specific dollar amount of mortgage loans generally over a period of up to 12 months. We purchase loans from PFIs pursuant to a Mandatory Delivery Contract, which is a legal commitment we make to purchase, and a PFI makes to deliver, a specified dollar amount of mortgage loans, with a forward settlement date, at a specified range of note rates and prices.
Shortly before delivering the loans that will fill the Mandatory Delivery Contract, the PFI must submit loan level detail including underwriting information. We apply procedures through an automated system designed to screen loans that do not comply with our policies. Our underwriting guidelines generally mirror those of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for conforming conventional loans, although our guidelines and pool composition requirements are more conservative in a number of ways in order to further limit credit risk exposure. PFIs are required to make certain representations and warranties against our underwriting guidelines on the loans they sell to us. If a PFI sells us a loan in breach of those representations and warranties, we have the contractual right to require the PFI to repurchase the loan.
How We Manage Risks of the MPP
Market Risk. We mitigate the MPP's market risk similarly to how we mitigate market risk from MBS.
Credit Risk - Conventional Mortgage Loans. A unique feature of the MPP is that it separates the various activities and risks associated with residential mortgage lending for conventional loans and allows these risks and activities to be taken on by different entities. We manage the market risk (including interest rate risk and prepayment risk) and liquidity risk. PFIs manage marketing, originating and, in most cases, servicing the loans. PFIs may either retain servicing or sell it to a qualified and approved third-party servicer (also referred to as a PFI). Because PFIs manage and bear most of the credit risk, they do not pay us a guarantee fee to transfer credit risk.
We manage credit risk exposure for conventional loans primarily through underwriting and pool composition requirements and by applying layered credit enhancements. These enhancements, which apply after a homeowner's equity is exhausted, currently include available primary mortgage insurance and the Lender Risk Account (discussed below), and Supplemental Mortgage Insurance. Supplemental Mortgage Insurance is applicable to loans acquired before February 2011 and was purchased by the PFI from one of our approved third-party providers naming us as the beneficiary.. These credit enhancements are designed to protect us against credit losses in scenarios of severe downward movements in housing prices and unfavorable changes in other factors that can affect loan delinquencies and defaults.
The Lender Risk Account is a key component of how we manage residual credit risk. It is a holdback of a portion of the initial purchase price. Starting after five years from the loan purchase date, we may return the holdback to PFIs if they manage credit risk to predefined acceptable levels of exposure on the loan pools they sell to us. Actual loan losses are deducted from the amount of the purchase-price holdback we return to the PFI. The Lender Risk Account provides PFIs with a strong incentive to sell us high quality performing mortgage loans.
Credit Risk - FHA Mortgage Loans. Because the FHA makes an explicit guarantee on FHA loans, we do not require any credit enhancements on these loans beyond primary mortgage insurance.
"Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management” in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations provides more detail on how we manage market and credit risks for the MPP.
Earnings from the MPP
The MPP enhances long-term profitability on a risk-adjusted basis and augments the return on member stockholders' capital investment. We generate earnings in the MPP from monthly interest payments minus the cost of funding and the cost of hedging the MPP's interest rate risk. Interest income on each loan is generally computed as the mortgage note rate multiplied by the loan's principal balance:
▪minus servicing costs (0.25 percent for conventional loans and 0.44 percent for FHA loans);
▪minus the cost of Supplemental Mortgage Insurance (for applicable loans); and
▪adjusted for the amortization of purchase premiums or the accretion of purchase discounts and for the amortization or accretion of fair value adjustments on loans initially classified as mortgage loan commitments.
For new loan purchases, we consider the cost of the Lender Risk Account when we set conventional loan prices and evaluate the MPP's potential return on investment. The pricing of each structure depends on a number of factors and is specific to the PFI and to the loan pool. We do not receive fees or income for retaining the risk of losses in excess of any credit enhancements.
FUNDING - CONSOLIDATED OBLIGATIONS
Our primary source of funding and hedging market risk exposure is through participation in the sale of Consolidated Obligation debt securities to global investors. Obligations are the joint and several obligationsliabilities of all the FHLBanks, backed only by the financial resources of these institutions.the FHLBanks. Consolidated Obligations are the principal funding source used to make Advances and to purchase mortgage loans and investments. There are two types of Consolidated Obligations: Consolidated Bonds (Bonds) and Consolidated Discount Notes (Discount Notes).
We participate in the issuance of Bonds for three purposes:
▪to finance and hedge intermediate- and long-term fixed-rate Advances and mortgage assets;
▪to finance and hedge short-term, adjustable-rate Advances, and swapped Advances, typically by synthetically transforming fixed-rate Bonds to adjustable-rate funding through the execution of interest rate swaps; and
▪to acquire liquidity investments.
Bonds may have fixed or adjustable rates of interest. Fixed-rate Bonds are either non-callable or callable. A callable Bond is one that we are able to redeem in whole or in part at our discretion on one or more predetermined call dates according to the Bond's offering notice. The maturity of Bonds are typically up to 20 years. Adjustable-rate Bonds use a benchmark market interest rate, typically SOFR, for interest rate resets. We do not participate in the issuance of range Bonds, zero coupon Bonds, or indexed principal redemption Bonds.
We use fixed-rate Bonds to fund longer-term fixed-rate Advances and longer-term fixed-rate mortgage assets, and use adjustable-rate Bonds to fund adjustable-rate Advances and certain longer-term fixed rate investments that have been swapped to an adjustable-rate.
We participate in the issuance of Discount Notes are issued primarily to fundraise short-term Advances, adjustable-rate Advances, putable Advances (which we normally swap to an adjustable-rate), liquidity investments,funds and a portion of longer-term fixed-rate assets. Discount Notes have original maturities from one day to one year, with most of ours normally maturing within three months.year. Discount Notes generally sell at less than their face amount and are redeemed at par value when they mature.
The mix of Obligations fluctuates in response to relative changes in short-term versus long-term assets, relative changes in fixed-rate versus adjustable-rate assets, decisions on market risk management (particularly the amount of funding of longer-term assets with short-term Obligations), and differences in relative costs of various Obligations.
Interest rates on Obligations are affected by a multitude of factors such as: overall economic and credit conditions; credit ratings of the FHLBank System; investor demand and preferences for our debt securities; the level and shape of market interest rates (e.g., U.S. Treasury rates); and the supply, volume, timing, and characteristics of debt issuances by the FHLBanks, other GSEs, and other highly-rated issuers.
Finance Agency regulations govern the issuance of Obligations. An FHLBank may not issue individual debt securities without Finance Agency approval, and we have never done so. The Office of Finance services Obligations, prepares the FHLBank System's quarterly and annual combined financial statements, and serves as a source of information for the FHLBanks on capital market developments.
We have the primary liability for our portion ofany Obligations i.e., those issued on our behalf for which we received the proceeds. However, we also are jointly and severally liable with the other FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on all Obligations. If we do not pay the principal or interest in full when due on any Obligation issued on our FHLB's behalf, we are prohibited from paying dividends or redeeming or repurchasing shares of capital stock. If anotherany FHLBank werewas financially unable to repay its participation in an Obligation for which it is the primary obligor, the Finance Agency could call on each of the other FHLBanks to repay all or part of the Obligation. The Finance Agency has never invoked this authority.
LIQUIDITY
Our business requires a substantial and continual amount of liquidity to satisfy financial obligations (primarily maturing Consolidated Obligations) in a timely and cost-efficient manner and to provide members access to timely Advance funding and mortgage loan sales in all financial environments. We obtain liquidity by issuing debt, holding short-term assets that mature before their associated funding, and having the ability to sell certain investments without significant accounting or economic consequences. Sources of asset liquidity include cash, maturing Advances, maturing investments, principal paydowns of mortgage assets, the ability to sell certain investments, and interest payments received. Uses of liquidity primarily include repayments of Obligations, issuances of new Advances, purchases of loans under the MPP, purchases of investments, and payments of interest.
Liquidity requirements are significant because Advance balances can be volatile, many have short-term maturities, and we strive to allow members to borrow Advances on the same day they request them. We regularly monitor liquidity risks and the investment and cash resources available to meet liquidity needs, as well as statutory and regulatory liquidity requirements.
Because Obligations have favorable credit ratings and because the FHLBank System is one of the largest sellers of debt in the worldwide capital markets, the System historically has been able to satisfy its liquidity needs through debt issuance across a wide range of structures at relatively favorable spreads to benchmark market interest rates, such as U.S. Treasury rates.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Capital Requirements
Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
Under Finance Agency regulations, regulatory capital is composed of all capital stock (including stock classified as mandatorily redeemable), retained earnings, general loss allowances, and other amounts from sources the Finance Agency determines are available to absorb losses. Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB Act), permanent capital equals Class B stock plus retained earnings and is available to absorb financial losses.earnings.
Finance Agency regulations stipulate that we must comply with three limits on capital leverage and risk-based capital. These ensure a low amount of capital risk while providing for competitive profitability. We have always complied with these regulatory capital requirements.
▪We must maintain at least a four percent minimum regulatory capital-to-assets ratio. This requirement historically has been closest to affecting our operations.
▪We must maintain at least a five percent minimum leverage ratio of capital divided by total assets, which includes a 1.5 weighting factor applicable to permanent capital. Because all of our Class B stock is permanent capital, this requirement is met automatically if we satisfy the four percent unweighted capital requirement.
▪We are subject to a risk-based capital rule in which we must hold an amount of "permanent" capital that exceeds the amount of exposure to market risk, credit risk, and operational risk. How we determine the amount of these risk exposures is stipulated by Finance Agency regulation. Permanent capital includes retained earnings and the regulatory amount of Class B capital stock.
In addition to the minimum capital requirements, the GLB Act and our Capital Plan promote the adequacy of our capital to absorb financial losses in three ways. These combine to give member stockholders a clear incentive to require us to minimize our risk profile:
▪the five-year redemption period for Class B stock;
▪the option we have to call on members to purchase additional capital if required to preserve safety and soundness; and
▪the limitations, described below, on our ability to honor requested redemptions of capital if we are at risk of not maintaining safe and sound operations.
In accordance with the GLB Act, our stock is also putable by members. There are statutory and regulatory restrictions on our obligation or right to redeem or repurchase outstanding stock, including, but not limited to, the following:
▪We may not redeem any capital stock if, following the redemption, we would fail to satisfy any regulatory capital requirements. By law, we may not redeem any stock if we become under capitalized.undercapitalized.
▪We may not redeem any capital stock without approval of the Finance Agency if either our Board of Directors or the Finance Agency determines that we have incurred or are likely to incur losses resulting or expected to result in a charge against capital.
If we were to be liquidated, stockholders would be entitled to receive the par value of their capital stock after payment in full to our creditors. In addition, each stockholder would be entitled to any retained earnings in an amount proportional to the stockholder's share of the total shares of capital stock. In the event of a merger or consolidation of the FHLB, the Board of Directors would determine the rights and preferences of the FHLB's stockholders, subject to any terms and conditions imposed by the Finance Agency.
Capital Plan
Our Capital Plan ties the amount of each member's required capital stock to the amount of the member's assets and the amount and type of its activity with us. The Capital Plan has the following basic characteristics:
▪We offer only one class of capital stock, Class B, which is generally redeemable upon a member's five-year advance written notice. We strive to manage capital risks to be able to safely and soundly satisfy redemption requests sooner than five years, although we may elect to wait up to five years (or longer under certain conditions).
▪We issue shares of capital stock as required for an institution to become a member or maintain membership (membership stock), as required for members to capitalize certain Mission Assets and Activities (activity stock), and if we pay dividends in the form of additional shares of stock.
▪We may, subject to the restrictions described above, repurchase certain capital stock (i.e., "excess" capital stock).
We believe the Capital Plan enables us to efficiently increase and decrease capital stock needed to capitalize assets in response to changes in the membership base and demand for Mission Assets and Activities. This enables us to maintain a prudent amount of financial leverage and consistently generate a competitive dividend return.
At December 31, 2021,2023, the amount of membership stock required for each member ranged from a minimum of $1,000 to a maximum of $25$20 million, with the amount within that range determined as a percentage of member assets. Separate from its membership stock, each member is required to purchase and hold activity stock to capitalize certain Mission Assets and Activities. Activity stock is required to capitalize the principal balance of Advances, guaranteed funds and rate Advance commitments, the principal balance of loans and commitments in the MPP, and beginning January 1, 2021, the notional balance of Letters of Credit.
The FHLB must capitalize its total assets at a rate of at least four percent. The Capital Plan supports the membership's stock component towards this overall requirement. As specified within the Capital Plan, each member is required to maintain a percentage of activity stock within a range depending on the type of transaction. The Capital Plan amendment that went into effect on January 11, 2022 setCurrently, the activity percentages are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| Transaction Type | | Activity Percentage |
| Advances | | 4.50% |
| Advance Commitments | | 4.50 |
| MPP | | 3.00 |
| Letters of Credit | | 0.10 |
If a member owns more stock than is needed to satisfy both its membership and activity stock requirements, we designate the remaining stock as the member's excess capital stock. The member utilizes its excess stock to capitalize additional Mission Assets and Activities, before purchasing activity stock.
Retained Earnings
Purposes and Amount of Retained Earnings
Retained earnings are important to protect members' capital stock investment against the risk of impairment and to enhance our ability to pay stable and competitive dividends when earnings may be volatile. Impairment risk is the risk that members would have to write down the par value of their capital stock investment in our FHLB as a result of their analysis of ultimate recoverability. An extreme situation of earnings instability, for example, in which substantial credit losses were experienced and expected for a period of time, could result in members determining that the value of their capital stock investment was impaired.
WeConsistent with Finance Agency requirements, we have a policy that sets forth a minimum amount of retained earnings we believe is needed to mitigate impairment risk and facilitate dividend stability in light of the risks we face. At December 31, 2021,2023, the minimum retained earnings requirement was approximately $270 million,$1.0 billion, based on mitigating quantifiable risks under very stressed business and market scenarios to a 99 percent confidence level. At the end of 2021,2023, our retained earnings totaled $1.3$1.7 billion. We believe the current amount of retained earnings is fully sufficient to protect our capital stock against impairment risk and to provide for dividend stability.
Joint Capital Agreement to Augment Retained Earnings
The FHLBanks entered into a Joint Capital Enhancement Agreement (the “Capital Agreement”)Capital Agreement) in February 2011. The Capital Agreement provides that each FHLBank will, on a quarterly basis, allocate at least 20 percent of its net income to a restricted retained earnings account (the “Account”)Account) until the balance of the Account, calculated as of the last day of each calendar quarter, equals at least one percent of that FHLBank's average balance of outstanding Consolidated Obligations for the calendar quarter.
The Account is not available to be distributed as dividends except under certain limited circumstances. The Capital Agreement does not limit our ability to use retained earnings held outside of the Account to pay dividends. Although we have always maintained compliance with our capital requirements, we believe the Capital Agreement enhances risk mitigation by building a larger capital buffer over time to absorb unexpected losses, if any, that we may experience.
USE OF DERIVATIVES
Finance Agency regulations and our policies establish guidelines for the execution and use of derivative transactions. We are prohibited from trading in, or the speculative use of, derivatives and have limits on the amount of credit risk to which we may be exposed. Most of our derivatives activity involves interest rate swaps, some of which may include options. We account for all derivatives at fair value.
Similar to our participation in debt issuances, use of derivatives is integral to hedging market risk created by Advances, certain longer-term fixed-rate investments and mortgage assets, including commitments. Derivatives related to Advances most commonly hedge either:
▪below-market rates and/or the market risk exposure on Putable Advances, and certain other Advances, for which members have sold us options embedded within the Advances; or
▪Regular Fixed-Rate Advances when it may not be as advantageous to issue Obligations or when it may improve our market risk management.
The derivatives we transact related to investmentsWe hedge market risk exposure related to investments by entering into interest rate swaps, which effectively converting theconverts fixed-rate investmentinvestments to an adjustable-rate investment. investments.
The derivatives we transact related to mortgage assets primarilyloans are designed to hedge interest rate risk and prepaymentrepayment risk. Such derivatives include options on interest rates swaps (swaptions) and sales of to-be-announced MBS for forward settlement.
Derivatives transactions related to Bonds help us intermediate between the preference of capital market investors for intermediate- and long-term fixed-rate debt securities and the preference of our members for shorter-term or adjustable-rate Advances. We can satisfy the preferences of both groups by issuing long-term fixed-rate Bonds and entering into an interest rate swap that synthetically converts the Bonds to an adjustable-rate funding basis that matches up with the short-term and adjustable-rate Advances, thereby preserving a favorable interest rate spread.
We may also transact derivatives to reduce the repricing risk of Discount Notes that fund certain overnight and shorter-term assets.
Use of derivatives can result in a substantial amount of volatility of accounting and economic earnings. We strive to maintainOverall, in a stable market environment, we target a low amount of earnings volatility from realized gains and losses on derivatives. WeHowever, we accept a higher amount of earnings volatility from unrealized gains and losses on recording derivatives, at fair values, to the extent our use of derivatives effectively hedgehedges market risk exposure.
COMPETITION
Advances
Members' demand for our Advances is affected by, among other things, the cost of other sources of funding available, including our members' customer deposits. We compete with other suppliers of wholesale funding, both secured and unsecured, including the federal government, commercial banks, investment banking divisions of commercial banks, brokered deposits and other FHLBanks when our members' affiliated institutions are members of other FHLBanks. In addition, competition is often more significant when originating Advances to larger members, which have greater access to the national and global capital markets.
Our ability to compete successfully with other suppliers of wholesale funding, including other FHLBanks, depends primarily on the total cost of our productsAdvances to members, which include the rates we charge, earnings and dividend performance, collateral policies, capital stock requirements, product features and members' perceptions of our relative safety and soundness. In addition, our competitive environment continues to be impacted by the Federal Reserve's low interest-rate environment and actions to provide liquidity in the financial markets. See Item 1A. Risk Factors below for further discussion.
Mortgage Purchase Program
The primary competitors for mortgage loans we purchase in the MPP are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), and other secondary mortgage market conduits. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, in particular, have long-established and efficient programs and are the dominant purchasers of fixed-rate conventional mortgages. In addition, a number of private financial institutions have well-established securitization programs, although they may not currently be as active as they were historically. The MPP also competes with the Federal Reserve to the extent it purchases MBS and affects market prices and the availability of supply.
Debt Issuance
The FHLBank System primarily competes with the U.S. government and other GSEs for funds raised through the issuance of unsecured debt in the national and global debt markets. Increases in the supply of competing debt products may, in the absence of increases in demand, result in higher debt costs.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYCOMMUNITY IMPACT
Housing and Community Investment Programs
We support affordable housing, necessary housing repairs, disaster reconstruction and home ownership for very low- to moderate-income individuals through multiple programs across Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee. By using our programs individually or in combination, our members and their community partners can create economically competitive solutions that contribute to the quality of life in the communities they serve. We have an Affordable Housing Advisory Council that advises the Board of Directors and management on affordable housing and economic development needs within our district and other related issues as requested.
Our Housing and Community Investment Programs include the Affordable Housing Program and various housing and community economic development-related Advance and grant programs. We fund the Affordable Housing Program with an accrual equal to 10 percent of our previous year's net earnings, mandated by the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989. In addition to the mandated 10 percent accrual, the Board of Directors may elect to make voluntary contributions to the Affordable Housing Program. See Note 10 of the Notes to Financial Statements for a complete description of the Affordable Housing Program calculation.
The Affordable Housing Program provides funding for the development of affordable housing, from large rental complexes that provide homes to seniors to individual homes for first time buyers.first-time homebuyers. The Program consists of a Competitive Program and a homeownership program called Welcome Home, which assists homebuyers with down payments and closing costs. Under the Competitive Program, we currentlymay distribute funds in the form of grants or below-market rate Advances to members that apply and successfully compete in an annual offering. Under Welcome Home, we make funds available beginning in Marchthe first quarter of each year until they have been fully committed. For both programs, the income of qualifying individuals or households must be 80 percent or less of the area median income. We set aside up to 35 percent of the Affordable Housing Program accrual for Welcome Home and allocate the remainder to the Competitive Program.
Two other housing programs that fall outside of the Affordable Housing Program are the Community Investment Program and the Economic Development Program. Advances under the former program have rates equal to our cost of funds, while Advances under the latter program have rates equal to our cost of funds plus reasonable administrative costs. Members use the Community Investment Program to serve housing needs of low- and moderate-income households and, under certain conditions, community economic development projects. The Economic Development Program is a discounted Advance program used to promote economic development and job creation and retention.
Our Board of Directors also allocates additional funds to voluntary housing programs. Currently, we offer three voluntary housing programs, the Carol M. Peterson (CMP) Housing Fund, the Disaster Reconstruction Program and the Zero Interest Rate Fund. TheIn 2023, the FHLB disbursed $6.4 million through the CMP Housing Fund. In January 2024, the Board authorized $1.0 million to the Carol M. Peterson Housing Fund for use during 2021. In November 2021, the Board re-authorized another $1.0$10.6 million for the Carol M. PetersonCMP Housing Fund for use in 2022.2024. These funds are primarily usedoffered as grants to low-income homeowners to pay for accessibility rehabilitation and emergency repairs for those who have special needs and elderly homeowners.or are over age 60. The Disaster Reconstruction Program helps very low- to moderate-income families whose homes were impacted by fires, tornadoes, flooding, landslides or other state or federally declared natural disasters in the Fifth District. The program offers up to $20,000 to help repair and rebuild homes affected by disasters and $5,000 for displaced renters to purchase homes. Since the program's inception, we have disbursed over $6.2$7.9 million to assist 495more than 600 households. The Zero Interest Fund, a $2 million revolving loan fund, provides loans with a zero percent interest rate to support upfront infrastructure costs on residential and economic development projects. The fund is a $2 million revolving loan fund.
Serving the Community
Our employees participate in various programs, such as fundraising campaigns or volunteer opportunities, which support and give back to our local communities. Examples of these programs included the United Way Campaign, the Cincinnati Wish Tree Program, the Annual Heart Mini-Marathon and Walk, theArts Wave, Adopt-A Class, Habitat for Humanity Rock the Block,builds and an employeevarious volunteer build with Yellow Springs Home, Inc.opportunities supporting local schools and families. Through participation in the Rock the Blockmultiple homebuilding and other employee buildvolunteer events, our employees’ volunteer efforts helped advocate for safe, decent and affordable housing by cleaning up yards, building fences, and helping complete various home-improvement projectsplay an active role in serving the needs of our local community.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Program
Diversity, equity and inclusion is a strategic business priority. Our diversity, equity and inclusion officer reports to the President and Chief Executive Officer, serves as a liaison to the Board of Directors, and is a member of theour senior management enterprise strategy council.committee. We recognize that diversity increases capacity for innovation and creativity and that inclusion allows us to leverage the unique perspectives of all employees and strengthen retention efforts. We operationalize our commitment through the development and execution of a three-year diversity, equity and inclusion strategic plan that includes quantifiable metrics to measure its success. Our diversity, equity and inclusion officer and team reports regularly on performance against the strategic plan to management and the Board of Directors. Additionally, employee job descriptions contain inclusive behavior expectations that increase with increasing responsibilities in the organization, and also are included as part of our annual performance management process.
We offer a range of opportunities for our employees to connect, and grow personally and professionally through employee resource groups and community outreach. We consider learning an important component of our diversity, equity and inclusion strategic plan and regularly offer educational opportunities to our employees. Examples of these opportunities include consultant-led diversity, equity and inclusion training about employee experiences as they relate to race, ethnicity and gender, listening to panel discussions about issues affecting race in the United States, as well as a series of lunch and learns to help raise awareness and engage employees in conversations about racial disparities in education, healthdiversity, equity and housing.inclusion. Our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion has led us to join local and national movements, such as The Hamilton County (Ohio) Gender Parity Initiative and Shine A Light on Antisemitism, that support gender equity and shine a light on hate. In addition, we have made a commitment to be part of the national dialogue and solution to end systemic racism through our sponsorship of the YWCA Racial and Justice Inclusion Initiative.
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our human capital is a significant contributor to the success of our strategic business objectives. As such, we are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our employees. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant operating environment changes, safety protocols and procedures that we determined were in the best interest of our employees and members, and which comply with government regulations. This included having nearly all employees work remotely, while implementing additional safety measures for employees continuing any on-site work.
In managing human capital, we focus on our workforce profile and the various programs and philosophies described below.
Workforce Profile
Our workforce is primarily comprised of corporate employees, with one location of principal operations. As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had 245 employees. As of December 31, 2021,259 employees, approximately 39 percent of our workforce waswhich were female, 61 percent male, 8481 percent non-minority and 1619 percent minority. Our workforce is leanly staffed, and historically has included a number of longer-tenured employees. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the average tenure of our employees was 10nine years. We strive to both develop talent from within the organization and supplement with external hires. We believe that developingDeveloping talent internally results in institutional strength and continuity and promotes loyalty and commitment in our employee base, which furthers our success. However, adding new employees contributes to new ideas, continuous improvement, and our goals of a diverse, equitable and inclusive workforce. We encourage feedback from employees in our efforts to be an inclusive organization through third party surveys, internal surveys and a dedicated email address to send in questions or comments for review by the Chief Executive Officer. Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit.
Total Rewards
We seek to attract, develop and retain talented employees. We strive to achieve this objective through a combination of development programs, benefits and employee wellness programs, and recognizing and rewarding performance. Specifically, our programs include:
▪Cash compensation – provides competitive salary transportation and other cash subsidies, and performance based incentives.
▪Benefits – offers health insurance with a health savings account contribution, dental and vision insurance, life and AD&D insurance, supplemental life insurance, short-term disability, long-term disability insurance, dependent care and transportation reimbursement programs, employee assistance program, 401(k) retirement savings plan with
employer match, and defined benefit pension benefits. Beginning January 1, 2024, the 401(k) retirement savings plan includes non-elective retirement contributions and the defined benefit pension plan was closed to new entrants.
▪Recognition programs – sponsors peer-to-peer recognition program, department recognition program and company-wide recognition.
▪Work / life balance –Time off programs - provides flexible work arrangements and scheduling and paid time off for vacation,any reason (vacation, illness, personal, holiday,personal) and other paid leave programs for bereavement, jury duty, and paid leave programs for times when caring for a sick family member, bonding with a newborn or recovering from childbirth.
▪Work / life balance – provides flexible work arrangements and scheduling including allowing a hybrid work arrangement where employees may work up to three days per week from home and two days in the office. Additional flexibility is provided through our "Work from Anywhere" weeks, which allow employees to work fully remote for a limited number of weeks in the year.
▪Culture – promotes employee resource groups and various cultural and inclusion initiatives.
▪Development programs and training – offers tuition assistance programs, internal educational and development opportunities, and fee reimbursement for external educational and development programs.
▪Management succession planning – assesses talent annually with our leadership and Board of Directors with, at a minimum, a defined plan for positions at Vice President and above.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following discussion summarizes risks and uncertainties we currently face. The realization of one or more of the risks could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition, safety and soundness, and, at the extreme, the viability of our business franchise. The effects could include reductions in Mission Assets and Activities, lower earnings and dividends, and, at the extreme, impair our capital or hinder our ability to participate in issuances of Consolidated Obligations. The risks identified below are not the only risks we face. Other risks not presently known or which we deem to be currently immaterial may also impact our business. Additionally, the risks identified may adversely affect our business in ways we do not expect or anticipate.
BUSINESS AND REGULATORY RISK
A prolonged downturn in the economy, including the U.S. housing market, and related U.S. government monetary policy responses, could further lower Mission Assets and Activities and profitability.
Member demand for Mission Assets and Activities depends in large part on the general health of the economy and overall business conditions. Numerous external factors can affect our Mission Assets and Activities and earnings including:
▪the general state and trends of the economy and financial institutions, especially in the Fifth District;
▪conditions in the financial, credit, mortgage, and housing markets;
▪interest rates;
▪actions of the Federal Reserve actions to affect reserves ofinfluence the Fed funds rate or use its balance sheet to influence financial institutionsmarkets and the money supply;economic conditions;
▪competitive alternatives to our products, such as retail deposits and other sources of wholesale funding;
▪inflation;
▪regulations affecting our members' liquidity requirements;
▪the willingness and ability of financial institutions to expand lending; and
▪natural disasters, pandemics or other widespread health emergencies, (see the separate Risk Factor on the COVID-19 pandemic), terrorist attacks, cyberattacks, civil unrest, acts of war,geopolitical instability or conflicts, trade disruptions, economic or other sanctions, or other unanticipated or catastrophic events could create economic and financial disruptions and uncertainties.
These external factors some of which occurred in 2021 and 2022, are likely to have a more severe impact if a prolonged economic downturn is accompanied by significant changes in interest rates, stresses in the housing market, elevated competitive forces, or actual or potential changes in the legislative and regulatory environment. Any of these factors, or a combination of factors, could adversely affect our business activities and results of operations and may ultimately cause stockholders to request redemption of a portion of their capital or request withdrawal from membership (both referred to in this documentreport as “request withdrawal of capital”).
In particular,Historically, overall Advance demand has been and continues to be unfavorably affected by thewhen a substantial amount of deposit-based liquidity is provided to financial institutions through the monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and its agencies, including the Federal Reserve, and changes in our members' ability to manage their regulatory liquidity requirements.Reserve. The Federal Reserve’s policies facilitate liquiditydirectly and support stability inindirectly influence interest rates on our assets and liabilities and could adversely affect the fixed-income markets, which in turn has generally led to substantial deposit balances for our members and decreases in their demand for Advances.Advances and Consolidated Obligations as well as our financial condition and results of operations. See "Executive Overview" in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information on recent market activity.
The competitive environment for our products could adversely affect business activities, including decreasing the level and utilization rates of Mission Assets and Activities, earnings, and capitalization.
Our primary business is providingWe provide liquidity to our members by making Advances to, and purchasing mortgage loans from, our members. Members have access to alternative funding sources, including their customers' deposits, and wholesale funding which may offer more favorable terms than we offer, such as lower rates or more flexible credit or collateral standards.and other liquidity programs of the Federal Reserve. Some of our competitors are not subject to the same body of regulations applicable to us, which enablesmay enable those competitors to offer products with more favorable terms than we offer, such as
competitors to offer products and terms that we are not able to offer.lower rates or more flexible credit or collateral standards. In addition, state and federal regulators’ perception of the stability and reliability of our Advances can also directly impact the amount of Advances used by members.
In connection with purchasing mortgage loans from our members, we face competition in the areas of customer service, purchase prices for the MPP loans and ancillary services such as automated underwriting and loan servicing options. Our primary competitors are Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, government agencies such as Ginnie Mae, and other secondary mortgage market conduits. In addition, our members continue to face increased competition in mortgage origination from non-bank financial institutions that are not eligible for FHLBank membership, which could reduce the amount of mortgage loans that members can make available to us to purchase.
Increased competition could decrease the amount of Advances and mortgage loans and narrow profitability, both of which could cause stockholders to request withdrawals of capital and ultimately result in a failure to meet our capital adequacy requirements.
In addition, the FHLBank System's offerings of debt compete with the U.S. Treasury, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, other GSEs, and corporate, state, and sovereign entities, among others. Increases in the supply and types of competing debt products or other regulatory factors could adversely affect the System's ability to access funding or increase the cost of our debt issuance. Either of these effects could in turn adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of FHLB membership.
Sharp reductions in Mission Assets and Activities resulting from lower usage by large members, consolidation of large members, or continued shift in mortgage lending activities towards entities not eligible for FHLB membership could adversely impact our net income and dividends.
The amount of Mission Assets and Activities and capital is concentrated among a small number of our large members. Additionally,As the financial industry continues to consolidate into a smaller number of institutions, this could lead to further concentration of Advances to and capital with large members and a decrease in recent years there has beenour number of members. If Advances are concentrated in a systemic trendsmaller number of financial institutions that are currently ineligible for FHLBmembers, our risk of loss resulting from a single event could become greater. Loss of members or decreased business activities with large members due to withdrawal from membership, gaining an increasing market share, especially related to mortgage finance. However, the legislative and regulatory environment facedacquisition by the FHLBanks has not changeda non-member, or failure could also result in response to this trend. Our members could decrease theira reduction of our Mission Assets and Activities, capital, and the amount of their capital stock as a result of merger and acquisition activity or continued loss of market share to ineligible entities. At December 31, 2021, one member, U.S. Bank, N.A., held over 14 percent of our Advances and one member PFI, Union Savings Bank, accounted for nearly 25 percent of the outstanding MPP principal balance.net income. Our business model is structured to be able to absorb sharp changes in Mission Assets and Activities because we can undertake commensurate reductions in liability balances and capital and because of our relatively modest operating expenses. However, an extremely large and sustained reduction in Mission Assets and Activities could affect our profitability and ability to pay competitive dividends, as well as, at the FHLBank System level, raise policy questions about the relevance of the FHLBank System in its traditional mission of supporting housing finance. Ultimately, our ongoing viability and that of the FHLBank System is subject to the ability to provide sufficient membership value through the combination of products, services and return on investment of capital stock.
ReplacementAdditionally, in recent years there has been a systemic trend of financial institutions that are currently ineligible for FHLB membership gaining an increasing market share, especially related to mortgage finance. However, the LIBOR benchmark interest ratelegislative and regulatory environment faced by the FHLBanks has not changed in response to this trend. As non-bank financial institutions that are currently ineligible for membership continue to play an increasing role in mortgage origination, we could adverselyexperience a decrease in demand for Advances or a decrease in volume of mortgage loans available for purchase from our members, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Under the July 2017 and March 2021 announcements by the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which regulates LIBOR, the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings and all non-U.S. dollar LIBOR settings ceased to be provided by any administrator and were no longer representative as of January 1, 2022. The remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative immediately after June 30, 2023. Although the FCA does not expect these remaining LIBOR settings to become unrepresentative before the cessation date, there is no assurance that any of them will continue to be published or be representative through any particular date.
Accordingly, we have developed and implemented a LIBOR transition plan. We have added or adjusted fallback language for our Advances and Consolidated Obligations and have worked with our counterparties to address over-the-counter derivative agreements referencing U.S. dollar LIBOR as a part of our LIBOR transition efforts. We continue to monitor the market-wide efforts to address fallback language related to derivatives and investment securities, as well as fallback language for new activities and issuances of financial instruments. Despite relief under recent legislation and proposed Congressional action addressing LIBOR cessation, the contractual consequences of LIBOR cessation for some existing LIBOR-indexed instruments may not be clear. As LIBOR has been a principal floating-rate benchmarkChanges in the financial markets, its cessation has affected,regulatory and will continue to affect, the financial markets and may alsolegislative environment could unfavorably affect our business model, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition to potential GSE reform, the legislative and regulatory environment in which the System operates continues to undergo change. We cannot predict when or what regulations will be issued or revised or what legislation will be enacted or repealed, and we cannot predict the effect of any such regulations or legislation on our business operations and/or financial condition. Recently-promulgated and future legislative and regulatory actions could result in, among other things: an increase in our cost of funding and regulatory compliance; a change in membership or permissible business activities; additional capital and liquidity requirements; additional contributions under our Affordable Housing Program; reduced demand for Advances or limitation on Advances made to members; or a change in the size, scope, or nature of our lending, investment, or mortgage financing activities. Furthermore, since we are reliant upon a voluntary membership base, a member’s willingness to maintain the required level of capital stock investment may be influenced by changes in the legislative and regulatory environment.
In response toFor example, following a comprehensive review that began in the cessationfall of LIBOR,2022, the Federal Reserve BankFinance Agency issued the “FHLBank System at 100: Focusing on the Future” report on November 7, 2023, presenting its review and analysis of New York's Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) established SOFR as its recommended alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR,the FHLBank System and the Federal Reserve Bankactions and recommendations that it plans to pursue over a multi-year effort, in service of New York began publishing SOFR rates inits vision for the second quarter of 2018. SOFR is basedFHLBank System. The report focused on afour broad segmentthemes: (1) the mission of the overnight Treasury repurchase marketFHLBank System; (2) the FHLBank System as a stable and is intended to be a measurereliable source of liquidity; (3) housing and community development; and (4) FHLBank System operational efficiency, structure, and governance. Many of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralizedrecommendations from the report may be implemented by Treasury securities.the Finance Agency through ongoing supervision, guidance, or rulemaking within its existing statutory authority, while other recommendations may require legislative action or further study.
The market transition away from LIBOR and towards SOFR or another alternate reference rate has been and is expected to continue to be complicated and may include the development of term and credit adjustments to accommodate differences between LIBOR and SOFR or any other alternate reference rate. During the market transition away from the remaining LIBOR settings, LIBOR may experience increased volatility, and the overnight Treasury repurchase market underlying SOFR may also experience disruptions from time to time, which may result in unexpected fluctuations in SOFR. While market activity in SOFR-linked financial instruments has continued to develop, the progress has been uneven and there can be no guarantee that SOFR will become widely accepted and used across market segments and financial products in a timely manner or that any other alternative reference rate will be developed. In our case, a robust member demand for SOFR-linked Advances has yet to develop. Any disruption in the market transition away from LIBOR towards SOFR or another alternate reference rate could result in increased financial, operational, legal, reputational or compliance risks. We are not currently able to predict what actions will ultimately result from the Finance Agency’s recommendations, the timing of any actions, the extent of any changes to us or the FHLBank System, or the ultimate effect on us or the FHLBank System in the future. Potential changes resulting from the Finance Agency’s recommendations (including changes relating to the FHLBanks’ mission, liquidity role, membership and lending requirements, affordable housing contributions and support for community investment, or operations, structure, and governance) could increase our operational costs and expenses, result in heightened scrutiny of the FHLBanks and their mission and activities, and impact our business, which may affect our financial condition, or results of operations, or the market transition away from LIBOR towards SOFRvalue of membership in the FHLBanks. The extent to which the report ultimately results in changes to regulatory requirements or supervisory expectations that impact or limit the use of our Advances by members or our ability to lend to members may have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition andor results of operations. See the "Regulatory and Legislative Developments" section of the "Executive Overview" in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information about the replacement of LIBOR.
The COVID-19 pandemic and related developments created economic and financial disruptions and uncertainties, which could increase many of the risks we face and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic, and governmental and public actions taken in response have created uncertainty about the overall economic environment. Despite significant improvements in the overall U.S. economy since the initial effect of the pandemic, uncertainty remains on the pace of the recovery going forward, reflecting concerns about virus resurgence from variants, vaccine distribution and vaccination rates, inflation, and supply chain disruptions. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the long-term effect that the COVID-19 pandemic may have and, as a result, the ultimate effect of the pandemic is highly uncertain. This could increase many of the risks we face and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020 and throughout 2021, demand for Advances was low as a number of emergency actions taken by the Federal Reserve, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, helped facilitate significant liquidity in the markets and members experienced substantial deposit growth. While it is difficult to predict the future demand for Advances, we believe that reduced demand for Advances from many of our members will, or is likely to, continue in the near future if the level of liquidity in the financial markets and deposit levels at members remain elevated or if another economic downturn occurs.
Overall, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to, and may continue to cause, compression in our net interest income and net interest margin. To the extent interest rates continue to be low, or negative interest rates arise, our business and profitability may be further adversely affected.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations will depend on many factors that remain highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including, but not limited to: the spread of new variants of the virus; actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic; and the effectiveness of related vaccines and therapeutics.information.
Potential GSE reform could unfavorably affect our business model, financial condition, and results of operations.
Due to our GSE status, the ultimate resolution to the conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could affect the FHLBanks. While there appears to be consensus that a permanent financial and political solution to the current conservatorship status should be implemented, which could include maintaining the current structure, no consensus has evolved to date around any of the various legislative proposals. Some policy proposals directed towards Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have included provisions applicable to the FHLBank System, such as limitations on Advances and portfolio investments. Other proposals have included broader changes in GSE mortgage finance, such as the FHLBank System being
a greater participant in the secondary mortgage market, which could affect the FHLBank System's long-standing business model.
There are significant differences between the FHLBank System and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, including the System's focus on lending as opposed to guaranteeing mortgages and its distinctive cooperative business model. GSE legislation could inadequately account for these differences. This could jeopardize the ability of the FHLBank System to continue operating effectively within its current business model, including by adversely changing the perceptions of the capital markets about the risk associated with the debt of housing GSEs. We cannot predict the effects on the System if GSE reform were to be enacted.
Changes in the regulatory and legislative environment could unfavorably affect our business model, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition to potential GSE reform, the legislative and regulatory environment in which the System operates continues to undergo change. Recently-promulgated and future legislative and regulatory actions could result in, among other things: an increase in our cost of funding and regulatory compliance; a change in membership or permissible business activities; additional capital and liquidity requirements; additional contributions under our Affordable Housing Program; reduced demand for Advances or limitation on Advances made to members; or a change in the size, scope, or nature of our lending, investment, or mortgage financing activities. For example, a legislative proposal is under consideration that, if enacted, would require the FHLBanks to increase the percentage of their annual earnings devoted to their affordable housing programs over the amount that is currently required by law. We are unable at this time to predict the ultimate effects the regulatory environment could have on the FHLBank System's business model, our members' view on the value of the FHLBank membership, or on our financial condition and results of operations. See "Executive Overview" in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information on regulatory and legislative developments.
Failure to meet minimum capital adequacy requirements mandated by Finance Agency regulations and supervisory guidance could affect our ability to pay dividends or repurchase or redeem members' capital stock, which may cause a decrease in demand for Advances or difficulties in retaining existing members and attracting new members.
To ensure safe and sound operations, we must hold a minimum amount of capital relative to our asset levels. WeAdditionally, we must also hold a sufficient amount of retained earnings to help protect members' capital stock investment against impairment risk. If we are unable to satisfy our minimum capital requirements, we would be subject to capital restoration requirements. Until the minimum capital levels have been restored, we would also be prohibited from paying dividends and redeeming or repurchasing capital stock without prior approval from the Finance Agency, which could adversely affect the value of membership in our company. For example, the competitiveness of our Advances depends on the total cost to members, which includes the rates we charge, dividends paid, and members' perceptions of our relative safety and soundness, among other things. Therefore, outcomes of failing to meet capital adequacy requirements may include reduced demand for Advances, decreased profitability, or difficulty in retaining members or attracting new members.
MARKET AND LIQUIDITY RISK
Changes in interest rates and mortgage prepayment speeds (together referred to as market risk exposure or interest rate risk exposure) could significantly affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Exposure of earnings to unhedged changes in interest rates and mortgage prepayment speeds is one of our largest ongoing residual risks. We derive most of our income from the interest earned on assets less the interest paid on Consolidated Obligations and deposits used to fund the assets. Spreads on our assets tend to be narrow compared to those of many other financial institutions due to our cooperative business model. Market conditions, yield curve shape, competitive forces, and market risk exposure could cause these already narrow asset spreads to decline, which could substantially reduce our profitability. A key spread relationship is that we tend to utilize Consolidated Discount Notes to fund a significant amount of assets that have adjustable-rates tied to a benchmark interest rate, such as SOFR, or historically LIBOR.SOFR. Because rates on Discount Notes do not perfectly correlate with other adjustable benchmark interest rates, a narrowing of this spread, for example from investors changing perceptions about the quality of our debt, could lower income and reduce balances of Mission Assets and Activities.
We hedge mortgage assets with a combination of Consolidated Obligations and derivatives transactions. Interest rate movements can lower profitability in two primary ways: 1) directly due to their impact on earnings from cash flow mismatches between assets and liabilities; and 2) indirectly via their impact on prepayment speeds on our MBS investments and mortgages purchased under our MPP, which can unfavorably affect the cash flow mismatches. The effects on income can also include acceleration in the amortization of purchased premiums on mortgage assets.
Although we mitigate a large portion of our market risk exposure, a residual amount of market risk normally remains after incorporating risk management activities. Sharp increases or decreases in interest rates could adversely affect us and our stockholders by making dividend rates less competitive relative to the returns available to members on alternative investments.
In some extremely stressful scenarios, changes in interest rates and prepayment speeds could result in dividends being below stockholders' expectations for an extended period of time and/or market capitalization ratios falling below par, which could indicate potential impairment of member stock. In such a situation, members could engage in less Mission Assets and Activities and could request a withdrawal of capital. See "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management" in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information about market risk exposure.
Impaired access to the capital markets for debt issuance could decrease the amount of Mission Assets and Activities, lower earnings by raising debt costs and, at the extreme, prevent the System from meeting its financial obligations.
Our principal long-term source of funding, liquidity, and market risk management is through access on favorableacceptable terms to the capital markets for participation in the issuances of debt securities and execution of derivative transactions at prices and yields that are adequate to support our business model. Our ability to obtain funds through the sale of Consolidated Obligations depends in part on prevailing conditions in the capital markets, particularly the short-term capital markets, because we and the System normally have a large reliance on short-term funding. The System's strong debt ratings, the implicit U.S. government backing of our debt, strong investor demand for FHLBank System debt, and effective funding management are instrumental in ensuring satisfactory access to the capital markets.
We are exposed to liquidity risk if significant disruptions in the capital markets occur. Although the System washas been able to maintain access to the capital markets for debt issuances on acceptable terms during 2021,in its history, there is no assurance this will continue to be the case. In August 2023, Fitch Ratings downgraded the ratings of the United States and, in November 2023, Moody’s changed the outlook on the ratings of the United States to negative from stable. Accordingly, Moody's changed the outlook of our rating as well as the FHLBank System's rating from stable to negative consistent with the actions taken with respect to the United States. Future ability to effectively access the capital markets on acceptable terms could be adversely affected by external events (such as general economic and financial instabilities, political instability, wars, natural disasters, pandemics or other widespread health emergencies, civil unrest or other unanticipated or catastrophic events), deterioration in the perception of financial market participants about the financial strength of Consolidated Obligations, or further downgrades to the System's credit ratings.ratings or the U.S. sovereign credit rating or outlook. For
example, a failure by the U.S. Congress to adequately address its statutory debt limit in a timely manner, or uncertainty relating to the debt limit, could result in additional downgrades to the U.S. sovereign credit rating or outlook and cause significant disruptions in the capital markets. The System could also be affected by the continued changes in the capital markets in response to financial regulations and by the joint and several liability for Consolidated Obligations, which exposes the System as a whole to events at individual FHLBanks. If access to capital markets were to be impaired for an extended period, the effect on our financial condition and results of operations could be material. At the extreme, the System's ability to achieve its mission and satisfy its financial obligations could be threatened.
CREDIT RISK
We are exposed to credit risk that, if realized, could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We believe we have a de minimis overall amount of residualare exposed to credit risk exposure. However, we can make no assurances thatas part of our normal business operations through funding Advances, purchasing mortgage loans and investments, extending other credit losses could not materially affect our financial condition or resultsproducts, such as Letters of operations in all scenarios.Credit, and transacting derivatives.
The FHLB is an asset-based lender for Advances and Letters of Credit. Advances and Letters of Credit are over-collateralized and we have a perfected security interest on all pledged collateral. However, we do not have full information on the characteristics of, nor do we estimate current market values on, a large portion of collateral.non-securities collateral subject to a blanket pledge. This results in a degree of uncertainty as to the precise amount of over-collateralization.
Our MPP consists of mortgage loans considered to have high credit quality and conservative underwriting and loan characteristics with additional credit enhancements in place designed to protect us against credit losses. The result has been a minimal amount of credit losses historically.
Although Advances and Letters of Credit are over-collateralized and mortgage loans in the MPP are of high credit quality with various credit enhancements, credit risk could increase under a number adverse scenarios, such as damage or destruction of collateral that members pledge to secure AdvancesCredit Services or mortgages that we hold in the MPP as a result of natural disasters, which may be caused by the effects of climate change or other catastrophic events. Significant declines in the value of collateral pledged to secure AdvancesCredit Services could lead to greater exposure to credit losses in the event of a member default. Additionally, significant and sustained reductions in home prices and sustained elevated levels of unemployment and other factors that influence delinquencies and defaults could increase the risk of credit losses in the MPP.
Some of our liquidity investments are unsecured, as are uncollateralized portions of certain derivatives. We make unsecured liquidity investments in and transact derivatives with highly rated, investment-grade institutions, have conservative limits on dollar and maturity exposure to each institution, and have strong credit underwriting practices. Failure of an investment or derivative counterparty with which we have a large unsecured position could have a material adverse effect on our financial conditions and results of operations. To the extent we engage in derivative transactions required to be cleared under provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), we may be exposed to nonperformance from central clearinghouses and Futures Commission Merchants.
Financial institutions are increasingly inter-related as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, and other relationships. As a result, actual or potential defaults of one or more financial institutions could lead to market-wide disruptions makingthat could impact our financial condition or results of operations and make it difficult for us to find qualified counterparties for transactions.
Financial difficulties at other FHLBanks could require us to provide financial assistance to another FHLBank, which could adversely affect our results of operations or our financial condition.
Each FHLBank has a joint and several liability for principal and interest payments on Consolidated Obligations, which are backed only by the financial resources of the FHLBanks. Although no FHLBank has ever defaulted on its principal or interest share of an Obligation, there can be no assurance that this will continue to be the case. Financial performance issues could require our FHLB to provide financial assistance to one or more other FHLBanks, for example, by making a payment on an Obligation on behalf of another FHLBank. Such assistance could adversely affect our financial condition, earnings, ability to pay dividends, or ability to redeem or repurchase capital stock.
OPERATIONAL RISK
Failures or interruptions of the Office of Finance's services could disrupt the ability to conduct and manage our business.
The Office of Finance is a joint office of the FHLBanks established to facilitate the issuance and servicing of Consolidated Obligations, among other things. Pursuant to Finance Agency regulations,which are the principal source of funding for the FHLBanks. The Office of Finance often in conjunction with the FHLBanks, has adopted policiesrelies heavily on its information systems and procedurestechnology for the purposes of facilitating and approving the issuance of Consolidation Obligations.its operations. A failure or interruption of the Office of Finance's services as a result of breaches, cyberattacks, system malfunctions, disruptions or failures (including those associated with implementing technology initiatives), natural disasters, or other technological risks could negatively affect the business operations of each FHLBank, including disruptions to the FHLBanks' access to funding through the sale of Consolidated Obligations. Although the Office of Finance has business continuity and security incident response plans in place, our business operations could be constrained, disrupted or otherwise negatively affected if the Office of Finance was not able to perform its functions for a period of time.
Failures or interruptions in our information systems and other technologies, financial and business models, and third-party vendors could harm our financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and relations with members.
As a financial institution, we rely heavily on internal and third-party information systems and other technology to manage our business, including the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential borrower and financial information in computer systems and networks. For instance, due to our reliance on the book-entry system of the Federal Reserve Banks for debt issuance and servicing operations, we depend on them and their fiscal agent, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and one or more settlement agents to issue and make payments of principal and interest on Consolidated
Obligations. Failures in information systems and other technologies could occur from human error, fraud, cyberattacks, errors or misuse of models and services we employ, lapses in operating processes, or natural or man-made disasters.
Computer systems, software and networks are increasingly more vulnerable to failures and interruptions from cyberattacks, which may include breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious or destructive code (such as ransomware) and other events against information owned by our company and customers. These failures and interruptions could jeopardize the confidentiality or integrity of information, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations. Cyberattacks, in particular those on financial institutions and financial market infrastructures, have become more frequent, sophisticated, and increasingly difficult to detect or prevent, including as a result of the increased capabilities of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies that may be used maliciously. It could take considerable time for us to determine the scope, extent, amount, and type of information compromised. Additionally, threats of cyber terrorism, external extremist parties, including state-sponsored actors, result in heightened risk exposure. These threats may increase as a result of geopolitical conflicts. The techniques used in cyberattacks change frequently and have grown increasingly sophisticated, and these attacks or ensuing security breaches could persist for an extended period of time before being detected. It could take considerable time for us to determine the scope, extent, amount, and type of information compromised. We can make no assurance that we will be able to prevent, timely and adequately address, or mitigate failures, interruptions, or cyberattacks in information systems and other technology. If we experience a failure, interruption, or cyberattack in any of these systems, we may be unable to effectively conduct or manage business activities, operating processes, and risk management, which could significantly harm customer relations, our reputation, and operating costs, potentially resulting in material adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations. We may not be able to foresee, prevent, mitigate, reverse or repair the negative effects of such failures, interruptions, cyberattacks, or cyber terrorism.
Natural disasters, including those resulting from significant climate change, could adversely affect our business and our members’ businesses.
Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, wild fire, and drought may impact our operations or our members’ businesses. Climate change is increasing the frequency, intensity and duration of these weather events. These natural disasters, including those resulting from significant climate change, could destroy or damage facilities or other properties (such as collateral that members have pledged to secure Advances or mortgages), disrupt business, increase the probability of power or other outages, or otherwise cause significant economic dislocation in the affected regions. Any of these situations may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our financial condition and results of operations could suffer if we are unable to hire and retain skilled key personnel.
We rely on key personnel for many of our functions and have a relatively small workforce, given the size and complexity of our business. The success of our mission depends, in large part, on the ability to attract and retain key personnel. We must continue to recruit, retain and motivate a qualified and diverse pool of employees, both to maintain our current business, and to execute strategic initiatives. Competition for qualified peopleFailure to attract and retain skilled key personnel or ineffective succession planning could affect the abilityrelated to hire or retain effective key personnel thereby harmingcould adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 1C.Cybersecurity.
CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY
We are subject to cybersecurity risk, which includes intentional and unintentional acts that may jeopardize the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information technology assets and data under our control. Cybersecurity risk can take the form of a variety of circumstances that cause harm to us, our members, our service providers, and the economy in general. These circumstances include malicious software or exploited vulnerabilities, social engineering, such as phishing, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malware, and natural or other disasters. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for additional description of cybersecurity and other operational risks.
In alignment with industry standards, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework, and Finance Agency regulatory guidance, we have implemented processes for assessing, identifying, and managing cybersecurity risk through a layered approach throughout our environment and in our service provider arrangements, including software-as-a-service and infrastructure-as-a-service engagements. We continuously evaluate and update our policies and practices to mitigate our exposure to cybersecurity risks given, among other things, the evolving natures of these risks, the involvement of uncontrollable circumstances, such as fires or flooding, and our role in the financial services industry and the broader economy.Our cybersecurity risk-mitigating processes include the implementation of firewalls, anti-virus software, real-time network monitoring, various forms of testing, and the deployment of software updates to address security vulnerabilities, as well as annual and periodic employee training to educate employees on how to identify and avoid various forms of social engineering.
Our security incident response plan determines how cybersecurity threats and incidents are identified, classified, and escalated, including for the purposes of reporting and providing relevant information to senior management and the Board of Directors. The security incident response plan also requires management to assess materiality of the threat or incident for the purposes of public disclosure.
We also maintain a business continuity program designed to ensure that resources and plans are in place to protect us from potential loss during a disruption, which includes the unavailability of our information technology assets due to unintentional events like fire, power loss, and other technical incidents such as hardware failures.These business continuity resources and plans include maintaining business continuity sites to ensure continued operations, regular backing up of data and systems on offsite facilities, testing our ability to operate on disaster recovery systems, and annually reviewing department level business continuity procedures.
We regularly engage third parties to test, maintain, and enhance our cybersecurity risk management practices and threat monitoring.These engagements include incident response exercises, penetration testing, constant managed detection and response services, and intrusion prevention and detection applications.Our vendor risk management program includes regular reviews and oversight of these third parties, including performance and technological reviews and escalation of any unsatisfactory performance, in order to identify, prioritize, assess, mitigate and remediate third party risks. However, we rely on the third parties we use to implement security programs commensurate with their risk, and we cannot ensure in all circumstances that their efforts will be successful.
During the period covered by this report, the risk from cybersecurity threats or incidents did not have a material impact on our strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. We expect that cybersecurity threats and incidents will continue to occur and any such cybersecurity incident impacting us could result in significantly harmful consequences to us, our members, and their customers. We assess the materiality of any such cybersecurity incident from several perspectives including our ability to continue to service our members, any loss of or unauthorized access to data, lost revenue, increased operating costs, litigation, and reputational harm.
CYBERSECURITY GOVERNANCE
Our chief information officer and chief information security officer provide regular reports (at least quarterly) to the Risk Committee of our Board and management committees on topics such as threat intelligence, major cybersecurity risk areas and threats, technologies and best practices, and any cybersecurity incidents that may have impacted us, and more frequently if there was an ongoing cybersecurity incident. Our Board oversees our information security program through regular review of policies, including our information security policy designed to establish clear management direction and commitment to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of all information technology assets and data.
Our Enterprise Risk Management Committee – a management level committee, including senior management and other leadership representatives from our operational risk, information security, information technology, legal, operations, and other departments – is responsible for approving policies to support the management and implementation of the cybersecurity program and recommending the annual information technology strategic plan to senior management prior to Board review and approval. This committee receives regular reporting from our chief information security officer similar to what is provided to the Board, and more detailed reporting regarding the availability of information technology assets and cybersecurity threats being monitored.
Our chief information security officer, who reports both to our chief risk officer and our chief information officer, manages the cybersecurity governance framework designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information technology assets and data under our control. Our chief information security officer and assistant chief information security officer collectively have approximately 20 years of experience with the FHLB in successively more responsible roles and have led teams to design, secure, implement, and audit numerous technology solutions. Our information security group is responsible for developing, documenting, and approving our information security control standards, guidelines, and procedures, in line with the policies and standards set forth by the Board and management committee. They are experienced and knowledgeable in both technology and cybersecurity and maintain industry recognized security certifications.
The business continuity program is overseen by the Business and Operations Committee of the Board and includes business impact analysis for developing effective plans and a disaster recovery plan to respond, recover, resume, and restore technology assets critical for us to operate. Our Enterprise Risk Management Committee is responsible for oversight of operational risk and oversees the implementation of the business continuity program as approved by the Board.
Item 2. Properties.
Our primary offices are located in approximately 79,000 square feet of leased space in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. We also maintain a leased, fully functioning, back-up facility in suburban Cincinnati. We believe that our facilities are in good condition, well maintained, and adequate for our current needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Management does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising out of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
By law our stock is not publicly traded, and only our members (and former members with a withdrawal notice pending) may own our stock. The par value of our capital stock is $100 per share. As of February 28, 2022,29, 2024, we had 632620 member and former member stockholders and approximately 3647 million shares of capital stock outstanding, all of which were Class B Stock.
We declared quarterly cash dividends in 2021 and 2020 as shown in the table below.
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| | | | 2021 | | | | | | | | 2020 | | |
| | | | Annualized | | | | | | | | Annualized | | |
| Quarter | | | | Rate | | | | | | | | Rate | | |
| First | | | | 2.00 | % | | | | | | | | 2.50 | % | | |
| Second | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | | | | 2.50 | | | |
| Third | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | | | | 2.00 | | | |
| Fourth | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | | | | 2.00 | | | |
| Total | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | | | | 2.23 | | | |
Generally, the Board of Directors has discretion to declare or not declare dividends and to determine the rate of any dividend declared. Our policy states that dividends for a quarter are declared and paid from retained earnings after the close of a calendar quarter and are based on average stock balances for the then closed quarter. The Board of Directors' decision to declare dividends is influenced by the financial condition, overall financial performance and retained earnings of the FHLB, and actual and anticipated developments in the overall economic and financial environment including interest rates and the mortgage and credit markets. The dividend rate is generally referenced as a spread to average short-term interest rates experienced during the quarter to help assess a competitive level for our stockholders. In 2023, 2022, and 2021 we declared quarterly cash dividends.
We may not declare a dividend if, at the time, we are not in compliance with all of our capital requirements. We also may not declare or pay a dividend if, after distributing the dividend, we would fail to meet any of our capital requirements or if we determine that the dividend would create a safety and soundness issue for the FHLB. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Financial Statements for additional information regarding our capital stock.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
We provide Letters of Credit in the ordinary course of business to support members' obligations issued in support of unaffiliated, third-party offerings of notes, bonds or other securities. We provided $2$92 million, $1$11 million and $3$2 million of such credit support during 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021. To the extent that these Letters of Credit are securities for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, their issuance is exempt from registration pursuant to sectionSection 3(a)(2) thereof.
Item 6. [Reserved].
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This discussion and analysis of the FHLB's financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and related Notes to Financial Statements contained in this Form 10-K.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Recent Developments
COVID-19 PandemicBusiness Environment
The global outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted communities and businesses worldwide, including those inDuring 2023, concerns about inflation, uncertainties regarding the Fifth District. The effects of COVID-19 continue to evolve, andU.S. government's debt ceiling, the full impact and durationhealth of the virus are unknown.banking industry following significant deposit outflows experienced by several U.S. banks, and interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve were dominant themes causing market stress and volatility. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic,these challenges, we have continued to fulfilldeliver on our dual mission of providing robust access to a key source of readily available and competitively priced wholesalecritical liquidity funding to member financial institutions and supportingexpanding support for affordable housing and community investment. Although some of the challenges experienced in 2023 have subsided, we continue to monitor the changing economic landscape and are committed to assisting members in meeting their funding needs.
We recognize that funding in addition to the required 10 percent statutory Affordable Housing Program (AHP) assessments is beneficial to support affordable housing and community investment needs. In 2023, we approved voluntary housing contributions of $15 million, more than five percent of our prior year income before assessments. For 2024, in addition to the 10 percent required AHP assessments, we plan to continue to commit approximately five percent of prior year income before assessments to voluntary housing contributions. For example, in January 2024, we continued our commitment to affordable housing with a voluntary contribution of $10.6 million to the Carol M. Peterson (CMP) Housing Fund.
The 2023 voluntary housing contributions that were in addition to the required AHP contributions were allocated as follows:
▪The CMP Housing Fund received contributions of nearly $7 million to provide grants to cover accessibility rehabilitation and community investment. emergency repairs for special needs and elderly homeowners within the Fifth District.
▪The Welcome Home Program was funded with over $7 million of voluntary contributions to assist homebuyers with down payments and closing costs.
▪The Disaster Reconstruction Program disbursed over $1 million for the replacement or repair of homes damaged or destroyed by natural disasters within the Fifth District.
Our capital and liquidity positions remainedcontinue to remain strong, as didhas our overall ability to fund operations through the issuance of Consolidated Obligations at acceptable interest costs. Additionally, overall residual credit risk exposure from our Credit Services, mortgage loan portfolio, investments, and derivative transactions has remained de minimis. WeLikewise, our market risk measures continue to monitor the effects of COVID-19, including the impact of variants, and are committed to assisting members and their communities as impacts related to the pandemic continue to unfold.be within our risk appetite.
Financial Condition
Mission Assets and Activities
Primary Mission Assets (i.e., principal balances of Advances and mortgage loans held for portfolio) and Supplemental Mission Activities (i.e., Letters of Credit, Mandatory Delivery Contracts and standby bond purchase agreements) are the primary meansprincipal business activities by which we fulfill our mission with direct connections to members and what we refer to as Mission Assets and Activities. We regularly monitor our concentrationlevel of Mission Assets and Activities. One measure we use to assess mission achievement is our Primary Mission Asset ratio, which measures the sum of average Advances and mortgage loans as a percentage of average Consolidated Obligations (adjusted for certain high-quality liquid assets, as permitted by regulation). In 2021,2023, the Primary Mission Asset ratio averaged 6976 percent, slightly belowabove the Finance Agency's preferred ratio of 70 percent. In assessing overall mission achievement, we also consider supplemental sources of Mission Assets and Activities, the most significant of which is Letters of Credit issued for the benefit of members.
The following table summarizes our Mission Assets and Activities.
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| Year Ended December 31, | |
| Year Ended December 31, | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | | Ending Balances | | Average Balances | Ending Balances | | Average Balances |
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
Primary Mission Assets (1): | |
Primary Mission Assets (1): | |
Primary Mission Assets (1): | Primary Mission Assets (1): | | | | | | | | | |
| Advances | Advances | $ | 22,954 | | | $ | 25,007 | | | | $ | 23,721 | | | $ | 42,917 | | |
| Advances | |
| Advances | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | Mortgage loans held for portfolio | 7,402 | | | 9,316 | | | | 7,931 | | | 10,995 | | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | |
| Total Primary Mission Assets | |
| Total Primary Mission Assets | |
| Total Primary Mission Assets | Total Primary Mission Assets | $ | 30,356 | | | $ | 34,323 | | | | $ | 31,652 | | | $ | 53,912 | | |
| Supplemental Mission Activities (2): | Supplemental Mission Activities (2): | | | | |
| Supplemental Mission Activities (2): | |
| Supplemental Mission Activities (2): | |
| Letters of Credit (notional) | |
| Letters of Credit (notional) | |
| Letters of Credit (notional) | Letters of Credit (notional) | $ | 34,637 | | | $ | 28,812 | | | | $ | 33,922 | | | $ | 20,141 | | |
| Mandatory Delivery Contracts (notional) | Mandatory Delivery Contracts (notional) | 250 | | | 137 | | | | 249 | | | 338 | | |
| Mandatory Delivery Contracts (notional) | |
| Mandatory Delivery Contracts (notional) | |
| Standby bond purchase agreements (notional) | |
| Standby bond purchase agreements (notional) | |
| Standby bond purchase agreements (notional) | Standby bond purchase agreements (notional) | 27 | | | 35 | | | | 31 | | | 68 | | |
| Total Supplemental Mission Activities | Total Supplemental Mission Activities | $ | 34,914 | | | $ | 28,984 | | | | $ | 34,202 | | | $ | 20,547 | | |
| Total Supplemental Mission Activities | |
| Total Supplemental Mission Activities | |
(1)Amounts represent principal balances.
(2)Amounts represent off-balance sheet commitments.
Advance principal balances decreased $2.1increased $6.2 billion (eight(nine percent) from year-end 2020. Advance balances remained below pre-pandemic levels in 2021 due to increased liquidity in the financial markets and substantial growth in deposits at member institutions. Average2022. Additionally, average principal Advance balances for 2021 decreased $19.22023 increased $31.3 billion (45(60 percent) compared to 2020.2022. Advances increased substantially over the course of 2022 and have remained elevated in 2023 driven by depository members' demand for liquidity due to such factors as declining deposit balances, loan growth and the effects of higher interest rates. Average Advance balances in the first quarter of 2020 were significantly higher as members sought additional liquidity duringmember demand increased in March 2023 in response to the onset ofturmoil in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, mostbanking industry and financial markets. Most of these Advances had matured or were prepaid by the end of 2020, and the demand for Advances has remained low. Advance demand could improve as one or more of the following occur: reductions in government liquidity programs, changes in the Federal Reserve monetary policy, or a rise in interest rates.2023.
Advance balances are often volatile due togiven our members' ability to quickly, normally on the same day, increase or decrease theirthe amount of their Advances. We believe that a key benefit of membership comes from our business model as a wholesale lender GSE, which provides members flexibility in their Advance funding levels and helps support their asset-liability management needs. We act as a readily availablereliable source of funding for our members. Our business model is designed to support significant changes in asset levels without having to undergo material changes in staffing, operations, risk practices, or general resource needs. A key reason for this scalability is that our Capital Plan provides for additional capital when Advances grow and the opportunity for us to retire capital when Advances decline, thereby acting along with our efficient level of operating expenses, to preserve competitive profitability.
The MPP principal balance fell $1.9 billion (21 percent)declined one percent from the year-end 2020.2022 balance. During 2021,2023, we purchased $1.7$0.6 billion of mortgage loans, while principal reductions of $3.6 billion reflectedwere $0.6 billion. Principal purchases and reductions trended lower in 2023 due in large part to the continuing high levels ofelevated mortgage loan refinance activity.rate environment.
Letters of Credit increased $5.8 billion (20(14 percent) from year-end 20202022. Letters of Credit balances are primarily dueused by members to members using them to secure elevated levels of public unit deposits. We normally earn fees on Letters of Credit based on the actual average amount of the Letters utilized, which generally is less than the notional amount issued.
Investments
The balance of investments at December 31, 20212023 was $29.4$42.6 billion, an increase of $2.4$9.0 billion (27 percent) from year-end 2020.2022. At December 31, 2021,2023, investments included $10.8$19.2 billion of MBSmortgage-backed securities (MBS) and $18.6$23.4 billion of other investments, which consisted primarily of highly-rated short-term instruments and longer-term U.S. Treasury and GSE obligations held for liquidity. All of our MBS held at December 31, 20212023 were issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or a U.S. agency.
Investments averaged $28.1 billionGinnie Mae. The increase in 2021, a decrease of $4.8 billion (15 percent) compared to the average in 2020. The decrease in average investments reflected lowerwas primarily driven by higher liquidity investments. We held more liquidity investments needed in lightat the end of the reduced2023 to support members' Advance demand, and lower MBS given the elevated levels of prepayments throughout 2021 as a result of the low interest rate environment and inability to quickly replace those investments with suitable alternatives. However, the ending balance of MBS increased primarily due to the purchase of $3.1 billion of new MBS in the second half of 2021.which was somewhat volatile. Liquidity investments can vary significantly on a daily basis during times of volatility in Advance balances. We maintained a robust amount of asset liquidity throughout 20212023 across a variety of liquidity measures, as discussed in the "Liquidity Risk" section of "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management."
Investments averaged $45.0 billion in 2023, an increase of $6.3 billion (16 percent) compared to 2022's average, which was primarily driven by higher MBS. We target to hold MBS balances near the regulatory maximum of three times regulatory capital. As a result, we grew our MBS portfolio by purchasing over $4.6 billion of MBS in 2023.
Capital
Capital adequacy surpassed all minimum regulatory capital requirements in 2021. The GAAP and regulatory capital-to-assets ratios at December 31, 20212023 were 6.265.18 percent and 6.285.26 percent, respectively. Both ratios exceeded the regulatory required minimum of four percent. Regulatory capital includes mandatorily redeemable capital stock accounted for as a liability under GAAP. Both GAAP and regulatory capital decreased $0.1 billion and $0.2 billion, respectively,one percent from year-end 2020.2022. Given the increased Advance demand in 2023, we issued $5.5 billion of capital stock primarily to support members' Advance borrowings. However, we repurchased a significant amount of excess capital stock throughout 2023 because the Advance demand was volatile and most of the Advances borrowed in response to the turmoil in the banking industry and financial markets had matured or were prepaid by the end of 2023. Retained earnings totaled $1.3$1.7 billion at December 31, 2021, a decrease2023, an increase of one18 percent from year-end 2020.2022 due to our strong earnings in 2023. We believe the amount of retained earnings is sufficient to protect against members' impairment risk of their capital stock investment in the FHLB and to provide the opportunity to stabilize or increase future dividends.
Results of Operations
Overall Results
Our earnings over time reflect the combination of a stable business model and conservative management of risk. Key market driven factors that can cause significant periodic volatility in our profitability are changes in the level of interest rates, changes in spreads between benchmark interest rates and our short-term funding costs, recognition of net amortization due to accelerated prepayments of mortgage assets, and fair value adjustments related to the use of derivatives and the associated hedged items. Our profitability may also be affected by our members' overall Advance demand, which is largely influenced by the monetary policies of the U.S. government and its agencies, including the Federal Reserve, and general economic conditions. The table below summarizes our results of operations.
| | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 | |
| Net income | Net income | $ | 42 | | | $ | 276 | | | | $ | 276 | | |
| Net income | |
| Net income | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | Affordable Housing Program assessments | 5 | | | 31 | | | | 31 | | |
| Return on average equity (ROE) | Return on average equity (ROE) | 1.08 | % | | 5.78 | % | | | 5.65 | % | |
| Return on average equity (ROE) | |
| Return on average equity (ROE) | |
| Return on average assets | |
| Return on average assets | |
| Return on average assets | Return on average assets | 0.07 | | | 0.31 | | | | 0.28 | | |
| Weighted average dividend rate | Weighted average dividend rate | 2.00 | | | 2.23 | | | | 5.05 | | |
| Weighted average dividend rate | |
| Weighted average dividend rate | |
Dividend payout ratio (1) | |
Dividend payout ratio (1) | |
Dividend payout ratio (1) | |
Average overnight interest rates (2) | |
Average overnight interest rates (2) | |
Average overnight interest rates (2) | |
| Average short-term interest rates (1) | 0.12 | | | 0.51 | | | | 2.24 | | |
| ROE spread to average overnight interest rates | |
| | ROE spread to average short-term interest rates | 0.96 | | | 5.27 | | | | 3.41 | | |
| Dividend rate spread to average short-term interest rates | 1.88 | | | 1.72 | | | | 2.81 | | |
| ROE spread to average overnight interest rates | |
| | ROE spread to average overnight interest rates | |
| Dividend rate spread to average overnight interest rates | |
| Dividend rate spread to average overnight interest rates | |
| Dividend rate spread to average overnight interest rates | |
|
(1)Dividend payout ratio is dividends declared in the period as a percentage of net income.
(2)Average short-termovernight interest rates consist of 3-month LIBORthe Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) and the Federal funds effective rate.
Net income decreased $234increased $416 million in 2021.2023. The declineincrease in profitability in 2021 compared to 2020net income was primarily due to lowa result of higher interest rates and an unprecedented amount of liquidity inaverage Advance balances. In particular, during 2023, higher average interest rates increased the financial markets dueearnings generated from investing the FHLB's capital and contributed to governmental stimulus actions, which impacted the following:
▪Advances. Average Advance balances declined 45 percent. Although Advances grew significantly during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as members sought additional liquidity, balances subsequently fell in 2020 and have remained below pre-pandemic levels due to increased liquidity in the financial markets and increased deposit levels at member institutions. Additionally, Advance prepayment fees declined since members prepaid fewer Advances in 2021 than in the prior year.
▪Mortgage Assets.Theimproved spreads earned on mortgage assets declined dueloans held for portfolio. Average Advance balances were higher primarily from depository members' greater demand for liquidity and increased member demand in March 2023 given the turmoil in the banking industry and financial markets. Most of the Advances related to the accelerated payoffMarch 2023 turmoil had matured or were prepaid by the end of higher-yielding mortgages at a faster pace than the associated debt funding them. The historically low long-term interest rates led to prepayments occurring faster than the purchases of new mortgage assets, which also resulted in the average balances of mortgage assets declining 25 percent.2023.
Additionally, the FHLB sold interest rate swaptions in the first quarter of 2020 in response to changes in interest rates, which resulted in net realized gains of approximately $69 million before assessments. The FHLB did not sell any interest rate swaptions in 2021. The FHLB uses swaptions to hedge market risk exposure associated with holding fixed-rate mortgage assets and may sell them to offset the risk incurred due to changes in interest rates.
In 2021,2023, we accrued $5$74 million for the Affordable Housing Program (AHP) pool of funds, a decrease of $26 million compared to 2020 given the lower level of earnings noted above. The funds accrued in 2021 will beAHP available to members in 2022.members. In addition to the required AHP assessment, we providedmay elect to make voluntary sponsorshipcontributions to our AHP or other community investment programs. For example, we approved voluntary housing contributions of two other housing programs. These programs provided funds$15 million in 2023.
We strive to cover accessibility and emergency repairs for special needs and elderly homeowners and funds for the replacement or repair of homes damaged or destroyed by natural disasters within the Fifth District.
provide a competitive return on members' capital investment in our company through quarterly dividend payments. In December 2021,2023, we paid stockholders a quarterly dividend at a 2.009.00 percent annualized rate on their capital investment in our company, which is 1.88was 3.67 percentage points above fourth quarter average short-termovernight interest rates.
Effect of Interest Rate Environment
Trends in market interest rates and the resulting shapes of the market yield curves strongly influence our results of operations and profitability because of how they affect members' demand for Mission Assets and Activities, spreads on assets, funding costs and decisions in managing the tradeoffs in our market risk/return profile. The following table presents key market interest rates (obtained from Bloomberg L.P.).
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| | | | | Year 2021 | | Year 2020 | | Year 2019 | |
| | | | | Ending | | Average | | Ending | | Average | | Ending | | Average | |
| | Federal funds effective | Federal funds effective | 0.07 | % | | 0.08 | % | | 0.09 | % | | 0.37 | % | | 1.55 | % | | 2.16 | % | |
| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | 0.05 | | | 0.04 | | | 0.09 | | | 0.37 | | | 1.55 | | | 2.20 | | |
| 3-month LIBOR | 0.21 | | | 0.16 | | | 0.24 | | | 0.65 | | | 1.91 | | | 2.33 | | |
| 2-year LIBOR | 0.94 | | | 0.38 | | | 0.20 | | | 0.49 | | | 1.70 | | | 2.03 | | |
| 10-year LIBOR | 1.58 | | | 1.45 | | | 0.93 | | | 0.88 | | | 1.90 | | | 2.09 | | |
| | Federal funds effective | |
| | Federal funds effective | |
| SOFR | |
| SOFR | |
| SOFR | |
| | 2-year U.S. Treasury | |
| | 2-year U.S. Treasury | |
| | 2-year U.S. Treasury | 2-year U.S. Treasury | 0.73 | | | 0.26 | | | 0.12 | | | 0.39 | | | 1.57 | | | 1.97 | | |
| 10-year U.S. Treasury | 10-year U.S. Treasury | 1.51 | | | 1.43 | | | 0.92 | | | 0.89 | | | 1.92 | | | 2.14 | | |
| 10-year U.S. Treasury | |
| 10-year U.S. Treasury | |
15-year mortgage current coupon (1) | |
15-year mortgage current coupon (1) | |
15-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 15-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 1.41 | | | 1.21 | | | 0.71 | | | 1.21 | | | 2.28 | | | 2.52 | | |
30-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 30-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 2.07 | | | 1.84 | | | 1.34 | | | 1.69 | | | 2.71 | | | 2.95 | | |
30-year mortgage current coupon (1) | |
30-year mortgage current coupon (1) | |
| | | | | | Year 2021 by Quarter - Average | Year 2023 by Quarter - Average |
| | | Quarter 1 | | Quarter 2 | | Quarter 3 | | Quarter 4 | | Quarter 1 | | Quarter 2 | | Quarter 3 | | Quarter 4 |
| | Federal funds effective | Federal funds effective | 0.08 | % | | 0.07 | % | | 0.09 | % | | 0.08 | % |
| Federal funds effective | |
| Federal funds effective | | 4.51 | % | | 4.99 | % | | 5.26 | % | | 5.33 | % |
| SOFR | SOFR | 0.04 | | | 0.02 | | | 0.05 | | | 0.05 | |
| 3-month LIBOR | 0.20 | | | 0.16 | | | 0.13 | | | 0.16 | |
| 2-year LIBOR | 0.22 | | | 0.27 | | | 0.31 | | | 0.72 | |
| 10-year LIBOR | 1.35 | | | 1.57 | | | 1.33 | | | 1.57 | |
| | 2-year U.S. Treasury | |
| | 2-year U.S. Treasury | |
| | 2-year U.S. Treasury | 2-year U.S. Treasury | 0.13 | | | 0.17 | | | 0.22 | | | 0.52 | |
| 10-year U.S. Treasury | 10-year U.S. Treasury | 1.31 | | | 1.58 | | | 1.32 | | | 1.52 | |
15-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 15-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 1.05 | | | 1.26 | | | 1.14 | | | 1.38 | |
30-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 30-year mortgage current coupon (1) | 1.68 | | | 1.87 | | | 1.79 | | | 2.03 | |
(1) Current coupon rate of Fannie Mae par MBS indications.
TheAt December 31, 2023, the target overnight Federal funds rate was in the range of zero5.25 to 0.255.50 percent, an increase from the range of 4.25 to 4.50 percent at December 31, 2021, unchanged from year-end 2020. The low interest rate environment reflects the Federal Reserve's response to the COVID-19 pandemic to keep interest rates low to facilitate liquidity. In March 2022, the Federal Reserve began to respond to inflationary concerns by increasing the target overnight Federal funds rate to a range of 0.25 to 0.50 percent while indicating further expected rate hikes in 2022.
Average short-termovernight rates were approximately 30 to 50335 basis points lowerhigher in 20212023 compared to 2020 and2022, while average mortgage rates remained low, withincreased approximately 140 basis points. The increase in short-term rates improved our earnings from capital, which increased by $230 million in 2023 compared to 2022. Additionally, the 15-year rate remainingsubstantial increase in average rates in 2023 compared to 2022 benefited net income as it improved the same while the 30-year rate increased only 15 basis points during the year. The overall low interest rate environment negatively impacted income in 2021 primarily because of a decrease in earnings generated from investing capital and lower spreads earned on our mortgage assets due to the accelerated payoff of higher-yielding mortgages at a faster pace than the associated debt funding them.and Advances.
During 2021,2023, as in 2020,2022, the market risk exposure to changing interest rates was moderate overall and well within policy limits. We believe that longer-term profitability would not become uncompetitivewill be competitive, unless interest rates were to change quickly and significantly. In the short-term, profitability could become uncompetitive if long-term interest rates decrease in excessfurther increase significantly for a sustained period of 100 basis points leading to faster prepayments of mortgage assets, which would further accelerate the recognition of purchased premiums.time.
Regulatory and Legislative Developments
General
The FHLBank System is subject to legislative and regulatory oversight. Legislative and regulatory actions applicable, directly or indirectly, to the FHLBank System in the last decade have increased uncertainty regarding the business model and membership base under which the FHLBanks may operate in the future. This is due primarily to the uncertainty around potential actions related to the Finance Agency's review of the FHLBank System, future GSE reform, and the evolution of mortgage financing moving towards financial institutions currently not
eligible for FHLBank membership. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for more discussion. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the FHLBank System review, GSE reform and whether our membership base will be legislatively and regulatorily permitted to evolve in concert with the housing finance market. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for more discussion.
Finance Agency’s Review and Analysis of the FHLBank MembershipSystem
On September 9, 2021,Commencing in the fall of 2022, and over a period of several months, the Finance Agency publishedundertook a Supervisory Letter on FHLBank Membership Issues covering five issues, including (1) requirements for de novo Community Development Financial Institutions, (2) automatic transferreview and analysis of membership, (3) large non-member institutions merging with small member institutions, (4) membership applicant’s compliance with “financial condition” requirements, and (5) the definition of insurance company. The Supervisory Letter expresses the Finance Agency’s views on these matters, which include the articulation of certain restrictions on eligibility for membership. The restrictions could result in:
▪fewer opportunities for FHLBank membership; and/or
▪ineligibility for continued membership by certain entities, most notably Community Development Financial Institutions, certain types of insurance companies and large institutions that have acquired small members.
Accordingly, the restrictions could result in reduced opportunities for us to grow our membership and, in turn, fewer opportunities to provide our financial services. We continue to evaluate the Supervisory Letter and its effect on our membership.
Regulatory Interpretation on Eligibility of Mortgage Participations as Collateral for FHLBank Advances
On October 4, 2021, the Finance Agency published a Regulatory Interpretation on Eligibility of Mortgage Loan Participations as Collateral for FHLBank Advances, which became effective on December 13, 2021. The Regulatory Interpretation addresses whether an FHLBank can accept as collateral mortgage loan participations that cannot be readily liquidated in the form they are pledged. The Regulatory Interpretation concludes that mortgage loan participations must meet the requirements of Finance Agency regulation 12 CFR 1266.7(a)(4), including the requirement that the collateral can be “liquidated in due course” in order to be eligible to secure Advances. It further concludes that participations for which there would be a known impediment to liquidation do not meet such requirement and therefore are not eligible collateral for Advances. Finally, the Regulatory Interpretation rescinds prior guidance from FHLBank System, regulators that provide mortgage loan participations may be eligible as collateral under regulatory provisions other than 12 CFR 1266.7(a)(4). Although we do not currently expect the Regulatory Interpretation to havein part through a material impact on our financial condition or resultsseries of operations, this restriction on collateral may negatively impact future borrowing by certain members.
Fair Housingpublic listening sessions, regional roundtable discussions, and Fair Lending Enforcement
On July 9, 2021, the Finance Agency published a Policy Statement on Fair Lending to communicate its general position on monitoring and information gathering, supervisory examinations, and administrative enforcement related to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act,receipt of comments from stakeholders and the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safetypublic. This review covered such areas as the FHLBanks’ mission and Soundness Act. The Policy Statement became effective on the date of publication.
On August 12, 2021, the Finance Agencypurpose in a changing marketplace; their organization, operational efficiency, and the U.S. Department of Housingeffectiveness; their role in promoting affordable, sustainable, equitable, and Urban Development announced they had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding regarding fair housing and fair lending enforcement. Under the Memorandum of Understanding, the two agencies will focus on enhancing their enforcement of the Fair Housing Act, and their oversight of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the FHLBanks.
We continue to monitor these actions and guidance as they evolve and to evaluate their potential impact on us.
Affordable Housing and Community Investment
Legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives that, if enacted in its proposed form, would require the FHLBanks to set aside higher percentages of their annual earnings for their affordableresilient housing and community investment programs than are currently required by law. The FHLBanks continue to actively monitor any such potential legislationinvestment; their role in addressing the unique needs of rural and developments.
LIBOR Transition
We are planning for the replacement of LIBORfinancially vulnerable communities; member products, services, collateral requirements; and the establishment of SOFR as the recommended alternative to LIBOR. Under the July 2017membership eligibility and March 2021 announcements by the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings ceased to be provided by any administrator and were no longer representative as of January 1, 2022. The remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative immediately after June 30, 2023.Although the FCA does not expect these remaining LIBOR settingsrequirements.
On November 7, 2023, the Finance Agency issued a written report titled “FHLBank System at 100 – Focusing on the Future,” presenting its review and analysis of the FHLBank System and the actions and recommendations that it plans to become unrepresentative beforepursue in service of its vision for the cessation date, there is no assurancefuture of the FHLBank System. The report focused on four broad themes: (1) the mission of the FHLBank System; (2) the FHLBank system as a stable and reliable source of liquidity; (3) housing and community development; and (4) FHLBank System operational efficiency, structure, and governance. The Finance Agency expects its initiative to continue as a multi-year, collaborative effort with the FHLBanks, their member institutions, and other stakeholders to address the recommended actions in the report and has stated that anyit can implement some of themthe recommendations from the report through ongoing supervision, guidance, or rulemaking, as well as through statutory changes by proposing specific requests for Congressional action.
Among other things, the Finance Agency has indicated that it plans to:
•Update and clarify its regulatory statement of the FHLBanks’ mission to explicitly incorporate its view of the core objectives of the FHLBanks’ mission, which are (1) providing stable and reliable liquidity to members, and (2) supporting housing and community development;
•Clarify the FHLBanks’ liquidity role and take steps that the Finance Agency believes will continuebetter position the FHLBanks to be published or be representative through any particular date. In addition, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act was signed into law on March 15, 2022. The legislation provides a statutory fallback mechanismperform their liquidity function, including enhancing Finance Agency oversight of FHLBank credit risk evaluation of their members and safe harbor on a nationwide basisestablishing protocols for large depository members to replace LIBOR with a benchmark rate, selected byborrow from the Federal Reserve Board based on SOFR, for certain contracts that reference LIBORdiscount window;
•Expand the FHLBanks’ housing and contain no or insufficient fallback provisions, including fallback rates that are in any way based on LIBOR.
Accordingly, we have developed and implemented a LIBOR transition plan to remediate our LIBOR-linked financial instruments and contracts. Ascommunity development focus by requiring the market activity in SOFR-linked financial instruments has continued to develop, we have offered SOFR-linked Consolidated Obligations and SOFR-linkedestablishment of mission-oriented collateral programs, re-evaluating the definition of long-term Advances, on an ongoing basis. In addition, we have been using SOFR-based derivatives to manage interest-rate risk, began purchasing SOFR-linked MBS in the second quarter of 2021, and began converting certain LIBOR-based derivatives to SOFR in 2021. During 2022, we expect to continue to convert certain LIBOR-based derivatives priorexploring revisions to the cessationCommunity Support Requirements, and reviewing the AHP, Community Investment Programs, and Community Investment Cash Advance Programs to encourage greater use in a safe and sound manner. The Finance Agency will also recommend that Congress consider amending the FHLBank Act to at least double the statutory minimum required annual AHP contributions by the FHLBanks; and
•Review the FHLBanks’ operational efficiencies through encouraging collaboration among the FHLBanks, evaluating the size and structure of LIBOR to an alternative reference rate, such as SOFR. Collectively, we believe these efforts have reduced our LIBOR exposureFHLBank boards, considering the structure of FHLBank districts and have kept us on trackcomposition of their membership, and studying whether realignment or consolidation is necessary for the full replacementefficiency of LIBOR.
The following table presents our remaining LIBOR-indexed Advances, investment securities and derivatives at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021, all of our variable rate Consolidated Obligations were linked to SOFR.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | Maturing on or before June 30, 2023 | | Maturing after June 30, 2023 |
| LIBOR-Indexed Variable Rate Financial Instruments | | | |
| Advances by redemption term | $ | 286 | | | $ | 3,009 | |
MBS by contractual maturity (1) | — | | | 4,555 | |
| | | |
| Total principal amount | $ | 286 | | | $ | 7,564 | |
| Derivatives, notional amount by termination date | $ | 3,375 | | | $ | 3,454 | |
(1)MBS are presented by contractual maturity; however, their expected maturities will likely differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment fees.FHLBank System.
The market transition away from LIBOR towards SOFR is complicated, includingWe are continuing to evaluate the possible development of term structuresreport and credit adjustments to accommodate differences between LIBOR and SOFR and the potential introduction of other alternative reference rates. As such, we are not currently able to predict what actions will ultimately result from the Finance Agency’s recommendations in the report, the timing of these actions, the extent of any changes, or the ultimate effect on our FHLB or the FHLBank System in the future. We plan to continue to engage with the Finance Agency and other stakeholders to ensure that the FHLBank System remains well positioned to serve our members and their communities.
Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program
On March 12, 2023, in response to prevailing concerns about the ability of banks to meet the needs of all their depositors, the Federal Reserve announced the implementation of a Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP), as an additional source of liquidity for eligible borrowers, including any U.S. federally insured depository institution or U.S. branch or agency of a foreign bank that is eligible for primary credit with the Federal Reserve. The BTFP offers up to one-year term loans to be secured by eligible collateral owned by eligible borrowers as of March 12, 2023. Such loans can be requested until March 11, 2024. The BTFP is subject to $25 billion in credit protection by the U.S. Department of Treasury. On January 24, 2024, the Federal Reserve announced that the BTFP will cease making new loans as scheduled on March 11, 2024.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) Final Rule
On March 30, 2023, the CFPB issued a final rule requiring certain covered financial institutions to collect and report small business lending data. Small businesses are businesses with $5 million or less in gross annual revenue in the preceding fiscal year. We will be subject to data collection and reporting obligations if we have originated a minimum of 100 “covered credit transactions” to small businesses in each of the two preceding calendar years. The final rule implements phased-in compliance dates, beginning on October 1, 2024, based on the number of originations the covered financial institution makes to small businesses within a specified timeframe. We are assessing to what extent the obligations will be triggered for us and what operational changes will be necessary for compliance. While we are still analyzing the impact of suchthe final rule, we do not believe these changes will have a transitionmaterial effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Under a federal court order in a related litigation, the CFPB has been enjoined from implementing and enforcing the final rule against covered financial institutions nationwide and all deadlines for compliance with the final rule have been stayed.
Finance Agency Proposed Rule on Fair Lending, Fair Housing, and Equitable Housing Finance Plans
On April 26, 2023, the Finance Agency published a proposed rule that specifies requirements related to FHLBank compliance with fair housing and fair lending laws and prohibitions on unfair or deceptive acts or practices. The fair housing and fair lending laws would be the Fair Housing Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, and those acts’ implementing regulations. Further, the proposed rule would outline the Finance Agency’s enforcement authority. We are evaluating the potential impact of the proposed rule on our operations.
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Joint Proposed Rule to Revise Capital Requirements for Certain Large Banking Organizations
On September 18, 2023, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation published a joint notice of proposed rulemaking that would substantially revise the regulatory capital requirements applicable to certain large banking organizations and banking organizations with significant trading activity (Covered Banks), generally consistent with changes to international capital standards issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, known as Basel III. The proposed rulemaking will amend the calculation of risk-based capital requirements in an attempt to better reflect the risks of these banking organizations' exposures, reduce the complexity of the framework, enhance the consistency of requirements across these banking organizations, and facilitate more effective supervisory and market assessments of capital adequacy. For certain collateralized transactions under existing capital requirements, debt securities issued by a GSE such as the FHLBanks are afforded a lower market price volatility haircut than higher risk non-GSE investment-grade securities. The proposed rules would increase the market price volatility haircuts applicable to debt securities of the GSEs (including the FHLBanks) by applying to these debt securities the same haircuts as non-GSE investment-grade securities. We continue to evaluate the potential impact of the proposed rulemaking on our financial condition and results of operation. The proposed change to market price volatility haircuts applicable to our debt securities may harm liquidity for our debt securities in the market, impact general demand for our debt securities, and increase our cost of funding due to potential higher interest rates as a result of the foregoing. The proposal was open for public comment through January 16, 2024, and the FHLBank System submitted a comment letter.
SEC Final Rule on the Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors
On March 6, 2024, the SEC adopted a final rule that will require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in annual reports. The final rule requires disclosure of, among things: material climate-related risks; activities to mitigate or adapt to such risks; information about a registrant’s board of directors’ oversight of climate-related risks and management’s role in managing such risks; and information on any climate-related targets or goals that are material to the registrant’s business, results of operations, or financial condition. We will be subject to the requirements of the rule applicable to us for our annual report for fiscal year 2027. We continue to review the final rule and its impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
Credit Services
Credit Activity and Advance Composition
The tabletables below showsshow trends in Advance balances by major programs and in the notional amount of Letters of Credit.
| | | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| (Dollars in millions) | |
| (Dollars in millions) | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Balance | | Percent(1) | | Balance | | Percent(1) | | Balance | | Percent(1) | | Balance | | Percent(1) |
| Adjustable/Variable Rate-Indexed: | Adjustable/Variable Rate-Indexed: | | | | | | | | Adjustable/Variable Rate-Indexed: | | | |
| LIBOR | $ | 3,295 | | | 14 | % | | $ | 5,611 | | | 22 | % |
| London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | | London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | $ | — | | | — | % | | $ | 3,012 | | | 4 | % |
| SOFR | SOFR | 123 | | | 1 | | | 118 | | | 1 | |
| Other | Other | 163 | | | 1 | | | 82 | | | — | |
| Total | Total | 3,581 | | | 16 | | | 5,811 | | | 23 | |
| Fixed-Rate: | Fixed-Rate: | | | | | | | | Fixed-Rate: | | | |
| Repurchase based (REPO) | 3,980 | | | 17 | | | 3,780 | | | 15 | |
| REPO | |
| Regular Fixed-Rate | Regular Fixed-Rate | 9,773 | | | 42 | | | 9,587 | | | 38 | |
Putable (2) | Putable (2) | 2,467 | | | 11 | | | 2,657 | | | 11 | |
| Amortizing/Mortgage Matched | Amortizing/Mortgage Matched | 1,533 | | | 7 | | | 2,021 | | | 8 | |
| Other | Other | 1,620 | | | 7 | | | 1,151 | | | 5 | |
| Total | Total | 19,373 | | | 84 | | | 19,196 | | | 77 | |
| | Total Advances Principal | Total Advances Principal | $ | 22,954 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 25,007 | | | 100 | % |
| Total Advances Principal | |
| Total Advances Principal | | $ | 73,638 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 67,428 | | | 100 | % |
| Letters of Credit (notional) (3) | Letters of Credit (notional) (3) | $ | 34,637 | | | $ | 28,812 | | |
Letters of Credit (notional) (3) | |
Letters of Credit (notional) (3) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | September 30, 2021 | | June 30, 2021 | | March 31, 2021 |
| | Balance | | Percent(1) | | Balance | | Percent(1) | | Balance | | Percent(1) | | Balance | | Percent(1) |
| Adjustable/Variable-Rate Indexed: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LIBOR | $ | 3,295 | | | 14 | % | | $ | 4,795 | | | 21 | % | | $ | 5,338 | | | 23 | % | | $ | 5,433 | | | 22 | % |
| SOFR | 123 | | | 1 | | | 118 | | | 1 | | | 118 | | | — | | | 118 | | | 1 | |
| Other | 163 | | | 1 | | | 166 | | | 1 | | | 149 | | | 1 | | | 16 | | | — | |
| Total | 3,581 | | | 16 | | | 5,079 | | | 23 | | | 5,605 | | | 24 | | | 5,567 | | | 23 | |
| Fixed-Rate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Repurchase based (REPO) | 3,980 | | | 17 | | | 3,739 | | | 16 | | | 3,942 | | | 17 | | | 3,787 | | | 16 | |
| Regular Fixed-Rate | 9,773 | | | 42 | | | 8,063 | | | 36 | | | 8,131 | | | 35 | | | 9,047 | | | 37 | |
Putable (2) | 2,467 | | | 11 | | | 2,567 | | | 11 | | | 2,607 | | | 11 | | | 2,657 | | | 11 | |
| Amortizing/Mortgage Matched | 1,533 | | | 7 | | | 1,628 | | | 7 | | | 1,722 | | | 7 | | | 1,872 | | | 8 | |
| Other | 1,620 | | | 7 | | | 1,541 | | | 7 | | | 1,371 | | | 6 | | | 1,227 | | | 5 | |
| Total | 19,373 | | | 84 | | | 17,538 | | | 77 | | | 17,773 | | | 76 | | | 18,590 | | | 77 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total Advances Principal | $ | 22,954 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 22,617 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 23,378 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 24,157 | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Letters of Credit (notional) (3) | $ | 34,637 | | | | | $ | 33,454 | | | | | $ | 35,166 | | | | | $ | 33,650 | | | |
(1)As a percentage of total Advances principal.
(2)Excludes Putable Advances where the related put options have expired or where the Advance is indexed to a variable-rate. These Advances are classified based on their current terms.
(3)Represents the amount of an off-balance sheet obligation.commitment.
Advance principal balances at December 31, 2021 decreased eight2023 increased nine percent compared to year-end 2020.2022. The increase in Advances resulted primarily from depository members' greater demand for liquidity due to such factors as declining deposit balances, member loan growth and the effects of higher interest rates. The future levels of Advance balances have remained low sinceare difficult to predict and depend on many factors, including but not limited to, changes in the last halflevel of 2020 as members experienced a significant inflow of deposits on their balance sheets, while also having accessliquidity in the financial markets, changes in our members' deposit levels compared to other liquidity sources as a result of certain government actions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
loan growth and whether an economic downturn occurs.
Letters of Credit are issued on behalf of members to support certain obligations of members (or member's customer)members' customers) to third-party beneficiaries. Letters of Credit increased 20 percent compared$5.8 billion (14 percent) in 2023 as members continue to year-end 2020use them primarily due to members using them to secure elevatedhigher levels of public unit deposits. Letters of Credit usually expire without being drawn upon.
In addition to analyzing Advance balances by dollar trends, we monitor the degree to which members use Advances to fund their balance sheets. The following table shows the unweighted, average ratio | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2020 |
| Average Advances-to-assets for members | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets less than $1.0 billion (492 members) | 1.46 | % | | | | | | | | | 1.99 | % |
| Assets over $1.0 billion (126 members) | 1.50 | | | | | | | | | | 2.11 | |
| All members | 1.47 | | | | | | | | | | 2.01 | |
The following table shows Advance usage of members by charter type.
| | | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances |
| (Dollars in millions) | |
| (Dollars in millions) | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Principal Amount of Advances | | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances |
| Commercial Banks | Commercial Banks | $ | 7,258 | | | 32 | % | | $ | 9,530 | | | 38 | % | Commercial Banks | $ | 49,885 | | | 68 | | 68 | % | | $ | 44,334 | | | 66 | | 66 | % |
| Savings Institutions | Savings Institutions | 4,262 | | | 18 | | | 4,922 | | | 20 | |
| Credit Unions | Credit Unions | 1,323 | | | 6 | | | 1,344 | | | 5 | |
| Insurance Companies | Insurance Companies | 10,073 | | | 44 | | | 9,201 | | | 37 | |
| | Total member Advances | Total member Advances | 22,916 | | | 100 | | | 24,997 | | | 100 | |
| Total member Advances | |
| Total member Advances | |
| Former member borrowings | Former member borrowings | 38 | | | — | | | 10 | | | — | |
| Total principal amount of Advances | Total principal amount of Advances | $ | 22,954 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 25,007 | | | 100 | % | Total principal amount of Advances | $ | 73,638 | | | 100 | | 100 | % | | $ | 67,428 | | | 100 | | 100 | % |
The following tables present principal balances for the five members with the largest Advance borrowings.
| | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | |
| December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2022 |
| Name | Name | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances | | Name | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances | Name | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances | | Name | | Principal Amount of Advances | | Percent of Total Principal Amount of Advances |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | | $ | 14,000 | | | 19 | % | | U.S. Bank, N.A. | | $ | 19,000 | | | 28 | % |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | U.S. Bank, N.A. | | $ | 3,272 | | | 14 | % | | U.S. Bank, N.A. | | $ | 4,273 | | | 17 | % |
| Keybank, N.A. | |
| Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | | 3,179 | | | 14 | | | Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | | 3,443 | | | 14 | |
| Protective Life Insurance Company | | 2,800 | | | 12 | | | Nationwide Life Insurance Company | | 2,062 | | | 8 | |
| Nationwide Life Insurance Company | | 2,702 | | | 12 | | | Protective Life Insurance Company | | 1,955 | | | 8 | |
| Western-Southern Life Assurance Co. | | 1,487 | | | 6 | | | Western-Southern Life Assurance Co. | | 1,344 | | | 5 | |
| Fifth Third Bank | |
| Total of Top 5 | Total of Top 5 | | $ | 13,440 | | | 58 | % | | Total of Top 5 | | $ | 13,077 | | | 52 | % | Total of Top 5 | | $ | 42,845 | | | 58 | | 58 | % | | Total of Top 5 | | $ | 42,607 | | | 63 | | 63 | % |
We believe that having large financial institutions that actively use our products augments the value of membership to all members. For example, such activity improves our operating efficiency, increases our earnings and thereby contributions to housing and community investment programs. This activity may enable us to obtain more favorable funding costs, and helps us maintain competitively priced products.
Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio (Mortgage Purchase Program, or MPP)
MPP balances are influenced by conditions in the housing and mortgage markets, the competitiveness of prices we offer to purchase loans, as well as program features and activity from our largest sellers. Our ongoing strategy for the MPP has two components: 1) increase the number of regular sellers and participants in the program; and 2)We manage purchases and balances at a prudent level relative to capital and total assets to effectively manage market and credit risks consistent with our risk appetite.
The table below shows principal purchases and reductions of loans in the MPP for each of the last two years. All loans acquired in 20212023 and 2022 were conventional loans.
| | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | | 2020 | |
| | Balance, beginning of year | Balance, beginning of year | $ | 9,316 | | | | $ | 10,981 | | |
| | Balance, beginning of year | |
| | Balance, beginning of year | |
| Principal purchases | |
| Principal purchases | |
| Principal purchases | Principal purchases | 1,671 | | | | 2,626 | | |
| Principal reductions | Principal reductions | (3,585) | | | | (4,291) | | |
| Principal reductions | |
| Principal reductions | |
| Balance, end of year | Balance, end of year | $ | 7,402 | | | | $ | 9,316 | | |
| Balance, end of year | |
| Balance, end of year | |
We closely track the refinancing incentives of our mortgage assets (including loans in the MPP and MBS) because the option for homeowners to change their principal payments normally represents the largest portion of our market risk exposure and can affect MPP balances. MPP principal paydowns decreased in 2023 to a five percent annual constant prepayment rate, compared to the 11 percent rate during 2022, driven by the elevated mortgage rate environment that has persisted over the last several quarters. Likewise, elevated mortgage rates and low housing inventories have substantially eliminated borrower incentive to refinance and have slowed mortgage purchase originations, which in turn contributed to the slow pace of our purchases of new MPP loans in 2023.
Overall, MPP yields on new purchases and existing portfolio balances, relative to their market and credit risks, are expected to continue to generate a profitable long-term return.
The following tables show the percentage of principal balances from Participating Financial Institutions (PFIs) supplying five percent or more of total principal and the percentage of principal balances from all other PFIs. As shown below, MPP activity is concentrated amongst a few members.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 |
| | Principal | | % of Total | | | Principal | | % of Total |
| Union Savings Bank | $ | 1,841 | | | 25 | % | | Union Savings Bank | $ | 2,826 | | | 30 | % |
| FirstBank | 565 | | | 8 | | | Guardian Savings Bank FSB | 796 | | | 9 | |
| Guardian Savings Bank FSB | 524 | | | 7 | | | All others | 5,694 | | | 61 | |
| All others | 4,472 | | | 60 | | | Total | $ | 9,316 | | | 100 | % |
| Total | $ | 7,402 | | | 100 | % | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2022 |
| | Principal | | % of Total | | | Principal | | % of Total |
| Union Savings Bank | $ | 1,513 | | | 22 | % | | Union Savings Bank | $ | 1,651 | | | 24 | % |
| FirstBank | 725 | | | 10 | | | FirstBank | 730 | | | 10 | |
| Guardian Savings Bank FSB | 405 | | | 6 | | | Guardian Savings Bank FSB | 438 | | | 6 | |
| The Huntington National Bank | 404 | | | 6 | | | All others | 4,187 | | | 60 | |
| All others | 3,913 | | | 56 | | | Total | $ | 7,006 | | | 100 | % |
| Total | $ | 6,960 | | | 100 | % | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
We closely track the refinancing incentives of our mortgage assets (including loans in the MPP and MBS) because the option for homeowners to change their principal payments normally represents the largest portion of our market risk exposure and can affect MPP balances. MPP principal paydowns increased in 2021 to a 34 percent annual constant prepayment rate, compared to the 30 percent rate for all of 2020, driven by the historically low mortgage rates. Our purchases of new loans were much lower than the elevated level of repayments during 2021 due to balance sheet concentration considerations given our lower total assets and capital balances. Purchases of new MPP loans in 2021 continued to offer favorable returns.
Overall, MPP yields on existing portfolio balances, net of funding and hedging costs, have declined and are expected to remain at lower levels in the short-term due to the accelerated payoff of higher-yielding mortgages at a faster pace than the associated debt funding them. Despite the lower yields on existing MPP balances, the metrics of portfolio return relative to their market and credit risks continue to indicate that the MPP has generated, and can be expected to continue to generate, a profitable long-term, risk-adjusted return.
Housing and Community Investment
Our Housing and Community Investment programs include the AHP and various housing and community economic development-related Advance and grant programs. The AHP, which is required by the FHLBank Act, includes funding with an accrual equal to 10 percent of our previous year's net earnings. Since 2003, we have also offered a number of voluntary programs and additional voluntary contributions to the AHP, both in excess of the 10 percent set aside.
In 2021,2023, we accrued $5$74 million of earnings for the Affordable Housing Program, which will be awarded to members in 2022.AHP pool of funds. The Affordable Housing ProgramAHP consists of a Competitive Program and a homeownership program called Welcome Home, which assists homebuyers with down payments and closing costs. In 2023, the Board also made a separate voluntary contribution of $7 million to the Welcome Home Program.
Including funds available in 20212023 from previous and future years, we had $25$36.4 million available for the Competitive Program in 2021,2023, which we awarded to 5167 projects through a single competitive offering. In addition, we disbursed over $10$16.3 million to 170185 members on behalf of 2,0541,662 homebuyers through the Welcome Home Program, which assists homebuyers with down payments and closing costs.
Additionally, in 2021, our Board committed $1.02023, we disbursed $6.4 million tothrough the Carol M. PetersonCMP Housing Fund, which helped 145529 homeowners, and continued its commitment todisbursed $1.3 million through the Disaster Reconstruction Program. Both are voluntary programs beyond the 10 percent of earnings that we are required by law to set aside for the AffordableAHP. The CMP Housing Program.Fund provides grants to fund accessibility rehabilitation and emergency repairs for low-income homeowners who have special needs or are over age 60. The Disaster Reconstruction Program helps very low- to moderate-income families whose homes were impacted by fires, tornadoes, flooding, landslides or other state or federally declared natural disasters in the Fifth District.
Our activities to support affordable housing and economic development also include offering Advances and loans through the Affordable Housing Program,AHP, Community Investment Program, Economic Development Program and Zero Interest Rate Fund with below-market interest rates at or near funding costs.and, in some cases, rates as low as zero percent. At the end of 2021,2023, Advance balances under these programs totaled $198$242 million.
In 2021,2023, approximately 3436 percent of members applied for funding under our Housing and Community Investment programs.
For 2024, the Board has committed to a minimum of $37 million, or approximately five percent of prior year income before assessments, in voluntary housing contributions to support its Housing and Community Investment programs. In January 2024,
our Board approved a $10.6 million contribution to the CMP Housing Fund. Additional contributions will be announced over the course of 2024.
Investments
The table below presents the ending and average balances of our investment portfolio.
| | | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance |
| Liquidity investments | Liquidity investments | $ | 18,589 | | | $ | 18,576 | | | $ | 17,285 | | | $ | 20,548 | |
| MBS | MBS | 10,803 | | | 9,186 | | | 9,756 | | | 11,864 | |
Other investments (1) | Other investments (1) | — | | | 340 | | | — | | 459 | |
| Total investments | Total investments | $ | 29,392 | | | $ | 28,102 | | | $ | 27,041 | | | $ | 32,871 | |
(1)The average balance includes the rights or obligations to cash collateral, which are included in the fair value of derivative assets or derivative liabilities on the Statements of Condition at period end.
Liquidity investments are either short-term (primarily overnight), or longer-term investments that canmay be easilypledged or sold and converted to cash. Under the regulatory requirements, liquidity includes certain high-quality liquid assets, which are defined as U.S. Treasury obligations with remaining maturities of 10 years or less held as trading securities or available-for-sale securities. It is normal for liquidity investments to vary by up to several billion dollars on a daily basis. Liquidity investment levels can vary significantly based on changes in the amount of actual Advances, anticipated demand for Advances, regulatory liquidity needs,requirements, the availability of acceptable net spreads, and the number of eligible counterparties that meet our unsecured credit risk criteria. The 2023 ending and average balancebalances of liquidity investments for 2021 fell $2.0 billion (10 percent) from the average balance for all of 2020 dueincreased compared to lower liquidity investments being needed in light2022's balances primarily because of the reducedincreased level and volatility of Advance demand.
Our overarching strategy for balances of MBS is to keep holdings as close as possible to the regulatory maximum. Finance Agency regulations prohibit us from purchasing MBS if our investment in these securities exceeds three times regulatory capital on the day we intend to purchase the securities. The ratio of MBS to regulatory capital was 2.842.98 at December 31, 2021. The MBS ratio was lower than our preference to hold it close to the 3.00 regulatory maximum primarily due to the paydowns of MBS given the low interest rate environment. In addition, regulatory limitations regarding the purchase of investments that reference LIBOR slowed the pace at which we were able to replace the prepaid MBS with suitable alternatives that provided an acceptable risk/return tradeoff. However, our purchases of MBS have increased beginning in the second half of 2021 as we purchased $3.1 billion in the last six months of the year. The majority of these purchases were variable-rate MBS linked to SOFR.
2023. The balance of MBS at December 31, 20212023 consisted of $9.7$18.1 billion of securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac (of which $7.5$12.7 billion were floating-rate securities), and $1.1 billion of securities issued by Ginnie Mae (which are primarily fixed rate).
The table below shows principal purchases and paydowns of our MBS for each of the last two years.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | MBS Principal | (In millions) | MBS Principal |
| 2021 | | 2020 |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Balance, beginning of year | Balance, beginning of year | $ | 9,745 | | | $ | 13,447 | |
| Principal purchases | Principal purchases | 3,837 | | | 149 | |
| Principal paydowns | Principal paydowns | (2,787) | | | (3,851) | |
| | Balance, end of year | Balance, end of year | $ | 10,795 | | | $ | 9,745 | |
| Balance, end of year | |
| Balance, end of year | |
As mortgage rates remained elevated in 2023, MBS principal paydowns in 2021 equateddecreased to a 2610 percent annual constant prepayment rate a slight decrease from the 2712 percent rate experienced in 2020. The elevated prepayment rates experienced in 2021 and 2020 is a resultall of the historically low mortgage rate environment.2022.
Consolidated Obligations
We generally fund variable-rate assets with Discount Notes (a portion of which may be swapped), adjustable-rate Bonds, and swapped fixed-rate Bonds because they give us the ability to effectively match the underlying rate reset periods embedded in these assets. The balances and composition of our Consolidated Obligations tend to fluctuate with changes in the balances and composition of our assets. In addition, changes in the amount and composition of our funding may be necessary from time to time to meet the days of positive liquidity and asset/liability maturity funding gap requirements discussed in the "Liquidity Risk" section of "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management."
The table below presents the ending and average balances of our participations in Consolidated Obligations.
| | | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance | | Ending Balance | | Average Balance |
| Discount Notes: | Discount Notes: | | | | | | | | Discount Notes: | | | | | | | |
| Unswapped | Unswapped | $ | 19,418 | | | $ | 22,933 | | | $ | 27,503 | | | $ | 39,478 | |
| Swapped | Swapped | 10,426 | | | 3,156 | | | — | | | 3,843 | |
| Total par Discount Notes | Total par Discount Notes | 29,844 | | | 26,089 | | | 27,503 | | | 43,321 | |
Other items (1) | Other items (1) | (6) | | | (1) | | | (3) | | | (37) | |
| Total Discount Notes | Total Discount Notes | 29,838 | | | 26,088 | | | 27,500 | | | 43,284 | |
| Bonds: | Bonds: | | | | | | | | Bonds: | | | | | | | |
| Unswapped fixed-rate | Unswapped fixed-rate | 16,112 | | | 18,840 | | | 18,940 | | | 21,288 | |
Unswapped adjustable-rate (2) | 850 | | | 6,710 | | | 10,639 | | | 13,394 | |
| Unswapped adjustable-rate | |
| Swapped fixed-rate | Swapped fixed-rate | 7,627 | | | 2,737 | | | 2,372 | | | 3,547 | |
| Total par Bonds | Total par Bonds | 24,589 | | | 28,287 | | | 31,951 | | | 38,229 | |
Other items (1) | Other items (1) | 13 | | | 24 | | | 46 | | | 68 | |
| Total Bonds | Total Bonds | 24,602 | | | 28,311 | | | 31,997 | | | 38,297 | |
Total Consolidated Obligations (3) | $ | 54,440 | | | $ | 54,399 | | | $ | 59,497 | | | $ | 81,581 | |
Total Consolidated Obligations (2) | |
(1)Includes unamortized premiums/discounts, fair value option valuation adjustments, hedging and other basis adjustments.
(2)At December 31, 2021 and 2020, all unswapped adjustable-rate Bonds were indexed to SOFR.
(3)The 11 FHLBanks have joint and several liability for the par amount of all of the Consolidated Obligations issued on their behalves. The par amount of the outstanding Consolidated Obligations for all of the FHLBanks was (in millions) $652,862$1,204,316 and $746,772$1,181,743 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively.
The average balancesending balance of Discount Notes and unswapped adjustable-rate Bondsat December 31, 2023 decreased because most of the short-term Advances borrowed in 2021 were significantly lower comparedMarch 2023 in response to the averages in 2020 due to the growth in short-term and variable-rate Advancesturmoil in the first quarter of 2020 as members sought additional liquidity during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most of these Advancesbanking industry and financial markets had matured or prepaid by the end of 2020 and the demand for Advances has remained below pre-pandemic levels.were prepaid.
The ending balancesDuring 2023, the composition of swapped Discount NotesConsolidated Obligations shifted to unswapped adjustable-rate Bonds and swapped fixed-rate Bonds at the end of 2021 were higher than year-end 2020 due toas members began borrowing more longer-term, floating rate Advances and the market environment at the end of 2021 favoringgenerally favored swapped debt. We swap term Discount Notes and fixed-rate bondsBonds to adjustable-rates in order to effectively match the underlying rate reset periods to the assets the Discount Notes and Bonds are funding as well as reduce the repricing risk of Discount Notes.funding.
The following table shows the allocation on December 31, 2021 of unswapped fixed-rate Bonds according to their final remaining maturity and next call date (for callable Bonds). We believe that the allocations of Bonds among these classifications provide effective mitigation of market risk exposure to both higher and lower interest rates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| (In millions) | Year of Maturity | | Year of Next Call |
| | Callable | Noncallable | | Total | | Callable |
| Due in 1 year or less | $ | 25 | | $ | 4,787 | | | $ | 4,812 | | | $ | 4,715 | |
| Due after 1 year through 2 years | 936 | | 2,440 | | | 3,376 | | | 185 | |
| Due after 2 years through 3 years | 462 | | 1,262 | | | 1,724 | | | — | |
| Due after 3 years through 4 years | 1,367 | | 728 | | | 2,095 | | | — | |
| Due after 4 years through 5 years | 323 | | 547 | | | 870 | | | — | |
| Thereafter | 1,787 | | 1,448 | | | 3,235 | | | — | |
| Total | $ | 4,900 | | $ | 11,212 | | | $ | 16,112 | | | $ | 4,900 | |
Deposits
Total deposits with us are normally a relatively minor source of low-cost funding. All deposits with us are uninsured. Total interest-bearing deposits at December 31, 20212023 were $1.4$1.1 billion, an increase of $0.1 billion compared to the balance at year-end 2020.2022.
Derivatives Hedging Activity and Liquidity
Our use of derivatives is discussed in the "Effect of the Use of Derivatives on Net Interest Income" and "Non-Interest Income (Loss)" sections in "Results of Operations." Liquidity is discussed in the "Liquidity Risk" section in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management.”
Capital Resources
The following tables present capital amounts and capital-to-assets ratios, on both a GAAP and regulatory basis. We consider the regulatory ratio to be a better representation of financial leverage than the GAAP ratio because, although the GAAP ratio treats mandatorily redeemable capital stock as a liability, it protects investors in our debt in the same manner as GAAP capital stock and retained earnings.
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Period End | | Average | | Period End | | Average |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Period End | | | Period End | | Average | | Period End | | Average |
| GAAP and Regulatory Capital | GAAP and Regulatory Capital | | | | | | | |
| GAAP Capital Stock | |
| GAAP Capital Stock | |
| GAAP Capital Stock | GAAP Capital Stock | $ | 2,490 | | | $ | 2,585 | | | $ | 2,641 | | | $ | 3,567 | |
| Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock | Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock | 21 | | | 19 | | | 19 | | | 55 | |
| Regulatory Capital Stock | Regulatory Capital Stock | 2,511 | | | 2,604 | | | 2,660 | | | 3,622 | |
| Retained Earnings | Retained Earnings | 1,293 | | | 1,304 | | | 1,304 | | | 1,228 | |
| Regulatory Capital | Regulatory Capital | $ | 3,804 | | | $ | 3,908 | | | $ | 3,964 | | | $ | 4,850 | |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| 2023 | |
| 2023 | |
| 2023 | | | 2022 |
| | | Period End | | Average | | Period End | | Average | | Period End | | Average | | Period End | | Average |
| GAAP and Regulatory Capital-to-Assets Ratio | GAAP and Regulatory Capital-to-Assets Ratio | | | | | | | |
| GAAP | GAAP | 6.26 | % | | 6.40 | % | | 6.02 | % | | 5.39 | % |
| GAAP | |
| GAAP | | 5.18 | % | | 5.07 | % | | 5.99 | % | | 5.33 | % |
Regulatory (1) | Regulatory (1) | 6.28 | | | 6.44 | | | 6.07 | | | 5.47 | |
(1) At all times, the FHLB must maintain at least a four percent minimum regulatory capital-to-assets ratio.
The following table presents the sources of change in regulatory capital stock balances in 20212023 and 2020.2022
| | | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Regulatory stock balance at beginning of year | Regulatory stock balance at beginning of year | $ | 2,660 | | | $ | 3,389 | |
| Stock purchases: | Stock purchases: | |
| Membership stock | Membership stock | 20 | | | 25 | |
| Membership stock | |
| Membership stock | |
| Activity stock | Activity stock | 1,089 | | | 2,110 | |
| Stock repurchases/redemptions: | Stock repurchases/redemptions: | |
| Redemption of member excess | |
| Redemption of member excess | |
| Redemption of member excess | Redemption of member excess | (60) | | | (558) | |
| Repurchase of member excess | Repurchase of member excess | (1,186) | | | (2,300) | |
| Withdrawals | Withdrawals | (12) | | | (6) | |
| Regulatory stock balance at the end of the year | Regulatory stock balance at the end of the year | $ | 2,511 | | | $ | 2,660 | |
|
Our business model is structured to be able to absorb sharp changes in assets because we can execute commensurate changes in liability and capital stock balances. For example, in 2021,2023, we issued $1.1$5.5 billion of capital stock to members primarily in support of short-term Advance borrowings, that were subsequently repaid prior to December 31, 2021. During the same period, we repurchased $1.2while repurchasing $5.2 billion of excess capital stock in response to members' subsequent repayment of Advances.no longer supporting Mission Assets and Activities.
A portion of ourExcess capital stock is excess, meaning it is not required as a condition to beingthe amount of stock held by a member and is not currently capitalizing Mission Assets and Activities.(or former member) in excess of that institution's minimum stock ownership requirement. Excess capital stock provides a base of capital to manage financial leverage at prudent levels, augments loss protections for bondholders, and may be used by a member to capitalize a portion of growth inadditional Mission Assets and Activities.Activities, before purchasing activity stock. At December 31, 2021,2023, the amount of excess stock, as defined by our Capital Plan, was $426 million, an increase$0.6 billion, a decrease of $198 million from$0.6 billion compared to the balance at year-end 2020. The balance2022 due to the repurchase of excess stock may fluctuate as short-term Advance borrowings can be volatile.noted above.
See the "Capital Adequacy" section in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management” for discussion of our retained earnings.
Membership and Stockholders
In 2021,2023, we added 11two new member stockholders and lost 21nine member stockholders, ending the year at 618609 member stockholders. Thirteen ofOf the 21nine members lost, in 2021 were attributable to intra-district merger activity.seven merged with other Fifth District members, one merged out of district, and one withdrew from membership.
In 2021,2023, there were no material changes in the allocation of membership by state, charter type, or asset size. At the end of 2021,2023, the composition of membership by state was Ohio with 303,298, Kentucky with 161,156, and Tennessee with 154.155.
The following table provides the number of member stockholders by charter type.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Commercial Banks | 338 | | | 351 | |
| Savings Institutions | 76 | | | 78 | |
| Credit Unions | 142 | | | 140 | |
| Insurance Companies | 55 | | | 53 | |
| Community Development Financial Institutions | 7 | | | 6 | |
| Total | 618 | | | 628 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Commercial Banks | 329 | | | 335 | |
| Savings Institutions | 73 | | | 75 | |
| Credit Unions | 146 | | | 144 | |
| Insurance Companies | 54 | | | 55 | |
| Community Development Financial Institutions | 7 | | | 7 | |
| Total | 609 | | | 616 | |
The following table provides the ownership of capital stock by charter type.
| | | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | December 31, | December 31, |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Commercial Banks | Commercial Banks | $ | 1,109 | | | $ | 1,459 | |
| Savings Institutions | Savings Institutions | 432 | | | 398 | |
| Credit Unions | Credit Unions | 184 | | | 179 | |
| Insurance Companies | Insurance Companies | 764 | | | 604 | |
| Community Development Financial Institutions | Community Development Financial Institutions | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Total GAAP Capital Stock | Total GAAP Capital Stock | 2,490 | | | 2,641 | |
| Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock | Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock | 21 | | | 19 | |
| Total Regulatory Capital Stock | Total Regulatory Capital Stock | $ | 2,511 | | | $ | 2,660 | |
Credit union members hold relatively less stock than their membership proportion because they tend to be smaller than the average member and borrow less. Insurance company members hold relatively more stock than their membership proportion because they tend to be larger than the average member and borrow more.
The following table provides a summary of member stockholders by asset size.
| | | | | | December 31, | December 31, |
Member Asset Size (1) | Member Asset Size (1) | 2021 | | 2020 | Member Asset Size (1) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Up to $100 million | Up to $100 million | 128 | | | 147 | |
| > $100 up to $500 million | > $100 up to $500 million | 296 | | | 297 | |
| > $500 million up to $1 billion | > $500 million up to $1 billion | 68 | | | 70 | |
| > $1 billion | > $1 billion | 126 | | | 114 | |
| Total Member Stockholders | Total Member Stockholders | 618 | | | 628 | |
(1) The December 31 membership composition reflects members' assets as of the most-recently available figures for total assets.
Most members are smaller community financial institutions, with 6966 percent having assets up to $500 million. As noted elsewhere, havingHaving larger members is important to help achieve our mission objectives, including providing valuable products and services to all members.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our earnings over time reflect the combination of a stable business model and conservative management of risk. Key market driven factors that can cause significant periodic volatility in our profitability include changes in the level of interest rates, changes in spreads between benchmark interest rates and our short-term funding costs, recognition of net amortization from accelerated prepayments of mortgage assets, and fair value adjustments related to the use of derivatives and the associated hedged items. Our profitability may also be affected by our members' overall Advance demand, which is largely influenced by the monetary policies of the U.S. government and its agencies, including the Federal Reserve, and general economic conditions.
The following tables and discussion provide information for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 and a comparison of the results between 20212023 and 2020.2022. For a comparison of the results between 20202022 and 2019,2021, see Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 20202022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Components of Earnings and Return on Equity
The following table is a summary income statement for the last three years. Each ROE percentage is computed by dividing income or expense for the category by the average amount of stockholders' equity for the period.
| | | (Dollars in millions) | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 | 2023 | | 2022 | | | | 2021 |
| | | Amount | | ROE (1) | | Amount | | ROE (1) | | | Amount | | ROE (1) | | Amount | | ROE (1) | | Amount | | ROE (1) | | | | | | Amount | | ROE (1) |
| Net interest income | Net interest income | $ | 277 | | | 7.12 | % | | $ | 406 | | | 8.51 | % | | | $ | 406 | | | 8.31 | % | Net interest income | $ | 864 | | | 12.47 | | 12.47 | % | | $ | 487 | | | 9.25 | | 9.25 | % | | | | | | $ | 277 | | | 7.12 | | 7.12 | % |
| | Non-interest income (loss): | Non-interest income (loss): | | | |
| Net gains (losses) on investment securities | (257) | | | (6.63) | | | 257 | | | 5.39 | | | | 210 | | | 4.30 | |
| | Non-interest income (loss): | |
| | Non-interest income (loss): | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | Net gains (losses) on derivatives | 82 | | | 2.12 | | | (273) | | | (5.72) | | | | (178) | | | (3.64) | |
| Net gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option | Net gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option | 10 | | | 0.26 | | | (7) | | | (0.15) | | | | (54) | | | (1.10) | |
| Other non-interest income, net | Other non-interest income, net | 27 | | | 0.69 | | | 16 | | | 0.33 | | | | 12 | | | 0.23 | |
| Total non-interest income (loss) | Total non-interest income (loss) | (138) | | | (3.56) | | | (7) | | | (0.15) | | | | (10) | | | (0.21) | |
| Total income | Total income | 139 | | | 3.56 | | | 399 | | | 8.36 | | | | 396 | | | 8.10 | |
| Non-interest expense | Non-interest expense | 92 | | | 2.36 | | | 92 | | | 1.93 | | | | 89 | | | 1.82 | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | Affordable Housing Program assessments | 5 | | | 0.12 | | | 31 | | | 0.65 | | | | 31 | | | 0.63 | |
| Net income | Net income | $ | 42 | | | 1.08 | % | | $ | 276 | | | 5.78 | % | | | $ | 276 | | | 5.65 | % | Net income | $ | 668 | | | 9.63 | | 9.63 | % | | $ | 252 | | | 4.78 | | 4.78 | % | | | | | | $ | 42 | | | 1.08 | | 1.08 | % |
(1)The ROE amounts have been computed using dollars in thousands. Accordingly, recalculations based upon the disclosed amounts in millions may produce nominally different results.
Details on the individual factors contributing to the level and changes in profitability are explained in the sections below.
Net Interest Income
The largest component of net income is net interest income. Our principal goal in managing net interest income is to balance the trade-offs between maintaining a moderate market risk profile and ensuring profitability remains competitive. Effective risk/return management requires us to focus principally on the relationships among assets and liabilities that affect net interest income, rather than individual balance sheet and income statement accounts in isolation.
Our ROE normally is lower than that of many other financial institutions because of the cooperative wholesale business model that results in narrow spreads earned on our assets, the moderate overall risk profile, and the strategic objective to have a positive correlation of earnings to short-term interest rates.
Components of Net Interest Income
We generate net interest income from the following two components:
▪Net interest rate spread. This component equals the balance of total earning assets multiplied by the difference between the book yield on interest-earning assets and the book cost of interest-bearing liabilities. It is composed of net (amortization)/accretion, prepayment fees on Advances, and all other earnings from interest-earning assets net of funding costs. The latter is the largest component and represents the coupon yields of interest-earning assets net of the coupon costs of interest-bearing liabilities.
▪Earnings from funding assets with capital (“(or earnings from capital”)capital). Because of our relatively low net interest rate spread compared to other financial institutions, we have historically derived a substantial portion of net interest income from deploying interest-free capital in interest-earning assets. We deploy much of the capital in short-term and adjustable-rate assets in order to help ensure that ROE moves in the same direction as short-term interest rates and to help control market risk exposure.
The following table shows selected components of net interest income. Reasons for the variance in net interest income between the 20212023 and 20202022 periods are discussed below.
| | | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 |
| | | Amount | | % of Earning Assets | | Amount | | % of Earning Assets | | | Amount | | % of Earning Assets |
| (Dollars in millions) | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | 2023 | | 2022 | | | | 2021 |
| | | | Amount | | % of Earning Assets | | Amount | | % of Earning Assets | | | | | | Amount | | % of Earning Assets |
| Components of net interest rate spread: | Components of net interest rate spread: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (amortization)/accretion (1) (2) | |
Net (amortization)/accretion (1) (2) | |
Net (amortization)/accretion (1) (2) | Net (amortization)/accretion (1) (2) | $ | (87) | | | (0.15) | % | | $ | (115) | | | (0.13) | % | | | $ | (37) | | | (0.04) | % | $ | (24) | | | (0.02) | | (0.02) | % | | $ | (31) | | | (0.03) | | (0.03) | % | | | | | | $ | (87) | | | (0.15) | | (0.15) | % |
Prepayment fees on Advances, net (2) | Prepayment fees on Advances, net (2) | 13 | | | 0.02 | | | 34 | | | 0.04 | | | | 8 | | | 0.01 | |
| Other components of net interest rate spread | Other components of net interest rate spread | 324 | | | 0.54 | | | 441 | | | 0.50 | | | | 317 | | | 0.33 | |
| Total net interest rate spread | Total net interest rate spread | 250 | | | 0.41 | | | 360 | | | 0.41 | | | | 288 | | | 0.30 | |
| Earnings from funding assets with interest-free capital | Earnings from funding assets with interest-free capital | 27 | | | 0.05 | | | 46 | | | 0.05 | | | | 118 | | | 0.12 | |
Total net interest income/net interest margin (3) | Total net interest income/net interest margin (3) | $ | 277 | | | 0.46 | % | | $ | 406 | | | 0.46 | % | | | $ | 406 | | | 0.42 | % | Total net interest income/net interest margin (3) | $ | 864 | | | 0.64 | | 0.64 | % | | $ | 487 | | | 0.50 | | 0.50 | % | | | | | | $ | 277 | | | 0.46 | | 0.46 | % |
(1)Includes monthly recognition of premiums and discounts paid on purchases of mortgage assets, premiums, discounts and concessions paid on Consolidated Obligations and other hedging basis adjustments.
(2)This component of net interest rate spread has been segregated to display its relative impact.
(3)Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average total interest-earning assets.
Net Amortization/Accretion (generally referred to as "amortization")amortization): Net amortization can become substantial and volatile with changes in interest rates. When mortgage rates decrease, premium amortization of mortgage assets generally increases, which reduces net interest income. Net amortizationHowever, in 2021 and 2020 was elevated due to the historically low2023, mortgage rates which led to accelerated prepayments ofremained elevated, keeping mortgage assets. Netrefinance activity along with net amortization was higher in 2020 given the considerable decline in mortgage rates that took place in the first half of 2020. Mortgage rates have remained low, but experienced a small increase in 2021.low.
Prepayment Fees on Advances: Fees for members' early repayment of certain Advances, which are included in net interest income, are designed to make us economically indifferent to whether members hold Advances to maturity or repay them before maturity. Advance prepayment fees were moderateminimal in 2021. The higher Advance prepayment fees in 2020 were caused by a higher amount of member prepayments of Advances as interest rates declined.2023 and 2022.
Other Components of Net Interest Rate Spread: The total other components of net interest rate spread decreased $117increased $140 million in 20212023 compared to 2020.2022. The net decreaseincrease was primarily due to the factors below.
2023 Versus 20202022
▪LowerHigher average Advance balances-UnfavorableFavorable: The $19.4$31.1 billion decreaseincrease in the average balance of Advances loweredimproved net interest income by an estimated $63$124 million.
▪Higher spreads earned on mortgage loans held for portfolio-Favorable: Higher spreads on mortgage loans held for portfolio increased net interest income by an estimated $67 million. Spreads improved primarily because of the rise in interest rates.
▪Higher spreads earned on MBS-Favorable: Higher spreads earned on MBS increased net interest income by an estimated $28 million. The higher spreads were driven by widening market spreads, which benefited new MBS purchases.
▪Higher spreads earned on Advances-Favorable: Net interest income earned on Advances increased by an estimated $26 million primarily driven by a shift in the composition of Advance balances from overnight to longer-term, floating rate, Advance products.
▪Higher average MBS balances-Favorable: Increases of $4.4 billion in average MBS improved net interest income by an estimated $17 million.
▪Lower spreads earned on mortgage assetsliquidity investments--UnfavorableUnfavorable:Lower spreads earned on the mortgage assets portfolioliquidity investments decreased net interest income by an estimated $58$115 million. The lower spreads were driven by the decline in average long-term interest rates in 2020, which accelerated the payoff of higher-yielding mortgages at a faster pace than the associated debt funding them.
▪Lower average balances of mortgage assets-Unfavorable: The $2.7 billion decrease in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities and the $3.1 billion decrease in the average balance of mortgage loans held for portfolio lowered net interest income by an estimated $44 million. Mortgage balances declined due to the acceleration of principal cash flows driven by historically low mortgage interest rates.
▪Higher spreads on shorter-term and floating-rate asset balances-Favorable: Higher spreads on shorter-term assets and floating-rate assets (including those that have been swapped to a floating rate) improved net interest income by an estimated $31 million as the rates on the debt funding these assets declined. However, the increasedecrease in net interest income was more thanpartially offset by lower non-interest income (loss) primarily due to an increase of $37 milliona decline in the net interest settlements being paid on related derivatives not receiving hedge accounting.accounting, as discussed below.
▪UnrealizedLower net unrealized gains on designated fair value hedges-FavorableUnfavorable: Net unrealized gains on hedged items and derivatives in qualifying fair value hedge relationships improved net interest incomewere lower by $17$8 million.
Earnings from Capital: Earnings from capital decreased $19increased $230 million in 20212023 compared to 2020 primarily due to lower2022 because of the higher average short-term interest rates as the Federal Reserve has continued to keep rates low in response to the evolving risks to economic activity from the COVID-19 pandemic.and higher average capital balances.
Average Balance Sheet and Rates
The following table provides average balances and rates for major balance sheet accounts, which determine the changes in net interest rate spreads. Interest amounts and average rates are affected by our use of derivatives and the related accounting elections we make. Interest amounts reported for Advances, MBS, Other investments and Swapped Bonds include gains (losses) on hedged items and derivatives in qualifying fair value hedge relationships.
In addition, the net interest settlements of interest receivables or payables and the price alignment amount associated with derivatives in a fair value hedge relationship are included in net interest income and interest rate spread. The price alignment amount approximates the amount of interest that we would receive or pay if the variation margin payments were characterized as collateral pledged to secure outstanding credit exposure on the derivative contracts. However, if the derivatives do not qualify for fair value hedge accounting, the related net interest settlements of interest receivables or payables and the price alignment amount are recorded in “Non-interest income (loss)” as “Net gains (losses) on derivatives” and therefore are excluded from the calculation of net interest rate spread. Amortization associated with some hedging-related basis adjustments is also reflected in net interest income, which affects interest rate spread.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | Average Balance | | Interest | | Average Rate (1) | | Average Balance | | Interest | | Average Rate (1) | | Average Balance | | Interest | | Average Rate (1) |
| Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Advances | $ | 23,943 | | | $ | 147 | | | 0.62 | % | | $ | 43,323 | | | $ | 469 | | | 1.08 | % | | $ | 47,968 | | | $ | 1,204 | | | 2.51 | % |
Mortgage loans held for portfolio (2) | 8,130 | | | 169 | | | 2.07 | | | 11,264 | | | 276 | | | 2.45 | | | 10,739 | | | 340 | | | 3.17 | |
| Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | 7,436 | | | 6 | | | 0.08 | | | 7,784 | | | 43 | | | 0.55 | | | 13,142 | | | 293 | | | 2.23 | |
Interest-bearing deposits in banks (3) (4) (5) | 736 | | | 1 | | | 0.09 | | | 1,390 | | | 8 | | | 0.55 | | | 1,701 | | | 38 | | | 2.25 | |
MBS (4) | 9,182 | | | 107 | | | 1.17 | | | 11,864 | | | 186 | | | 1.57 | | | 15,029 | | | 386 | | | 2.57 | |
Other investments (4) | 10,733 | | | 205 | | | 1.91 | | | 11,832 | | | 265 | | | 2.24 | | | 7,914 | | | 184 | | | 2.33 | |
| Loans to other FHLBanks | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5 | | | — | | | 1.22 | | | 3 | | | — | | | 2.43 | |
| Total interest-earning assets | 60,160 | | | 635 | | | 1.05 | | | 87,462 | | | 1,247 | | | 1.43 | | | 96,496 | | | 2,445 | | | 2.54 | |
| Less: allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans | — | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
| Other assets | 526 | | | | | | | 1,248 | | | | | | | 442 | | | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 60,686 | | | | | | | $ | 88,710 | | | | | | | $ | 96,937 | | | | | |
| Liabilities and Capital: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Term deposits | $ | 79 | | | — | | | 0.23 | | | $ | 78 | | | — | | | 0.67 | | | $ | 49 | | | 1 | | | 2.41 | |
Other interest-bearing deposits (5) | 1,434 | | | — | | | 0.02 | | | 1,208 | | | 3 | | | 0.25 | | | 768 | | | 15 | | | 1.91 | |
| Discount Notes | 26,088 | | | 14 | | | 0.05 | | | 43,284 | | | 295 | | | 0.68 | | | 44,482 | | | 989 | | | 2.22 | |
| Unswapped fixed-rate Bonds | 18,857 | | | 327 | | | 1.74 | | | 21,319 | | | 432 | | | 2.03 | | | 24,467 | | | 558 | | | 2.28 | |
| Unswapped adjustable-rate Bonds | 6,710 | | | 5 | | | 0.07 | | | 13,394 | | | 53 | | | 0.40 | | | 16,131 | | | 371 | | | 2.30 | |
| Swapped Bonds | 2,744 | | | 12 | | | 0.42 | | | 3,584 | | | 57 | | | 1.58 | | | 5,311 | | | 104 | | | 1.96 | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | 19 | | | — | | | 2.01 | | | 55 | | | 1 | | | 1.93 | | | 25 | | | 1 | | | 4.50 | |
| Other borrowings | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2.14 | |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 55,931 | | | 358 | | | 0.64 | | | 82,923 | | | 841 | | | 1.02 | | | 91,233 | | | 2,039 | | | 2.24 | |
| Non-interest bearing deposits | — | | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | | 9 | | | | | |
| Other liabilities | 869 | | | | | | | 1,006 | | | | | | | 811 | | | | | |
| Total capital | 3,886 | | | | | | | 4,779 | | | | | | | 4,884 | | | | | |
| Total liabilities and capital | $ | 60,686 | | | | | | | $ | 88,710 | | | | | | | $ | 96,937 | | | | | |
| Net interest rate spread | | | | | 0.41 | % | | | | | | 0.41 | % | | | | | | 0.30 | % |
Net interest income and net interest margin (6) | | | $ | 277 | | | 0.46 | % | | | | $ | 406 | | | 0.46 | % | | | | $ | 406 | | | 0.42 | % |
| Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | 107.56 | % | | | | | | 105.48 | % | | | | | | 105.77 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | Average Balance | | Interest | | Average Rate (1) | | Average Balance | | Interest | | Average Rate (1) | | Average Balance | | Interest | | Average Rate (1) |
| Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Advances (2) | $ | 83,237 | | | $ | 4,450 | | | 5.35 | % | | $ | 52,167 | | | $ | 1,211 | | | 2.32 | % | | $ | 23,943 | | | $ | 147 | | | 0.62 | % |
Mortgage loans held for portfolio (3) | 7,067 | | | 214 | | | 3.02 | | | 7,431 | | | 204 | | | 2.75 | | | 8,130 | | | 169 | | | 2.07 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 2,898 | | | 147 | | | 5.08 | | | 2,354 | | | 49 | | | 2.09 | | | 545 | | | 1 | | | 0.07 | |
| Federal funds sold | 12,193 | | | 627 | | | 5.14 | | | 11,183 | | | 204 | | | 1.82 | | | 6,891 | | | 5 | | | 0.08 | |
Interest-bearing deposits in banks (4) | 2,414 | | | 121 | | | 5.00 | | | 1,298 | | | 25 | | | 1.94 | | | 736 | | | 1 | | | 0.09 | |
MBS (5) | 18,160 | | | 923 | | | 5.08 | | | 13,702 | | | 288 | | | 2.11 | | | 9,182 | | | 107 | | | 1.17 | |
Other investments (5) | 9,369 | | | 475 | | | 5.07 | | | 10,209 | | | 238 | | | 2.33 | | | 10,733 | | | 205 | | | 1.91 | |
| Loans to other FHLBanks | 22 | | | 1 | | | 4.93 | | | 25 | | | 1 | | | 2.77 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total interest-earning assets | 135,360 | | | 6,958 | | | 5.14 | | | 98,369 | | | 2,220 | | | 2.26 | | | 60,160 | | | 635 | | | 1.05 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other assets | 1,226 | | | | | | | 578 | | | | | | | 526 | | | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 136,586 | | | | | | | $ | 98,947 | | | | | | | $ | 60,686 | | | | | |
| Liabilities and Capital: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Term deposits | $ | 91 | | | 4 | | | 4.31 | | | $ | 77 | | | 1 | | | 1.03 | | | $ | 79 | | | — | | | 0.23 | |
Other interest-bearing deposits (4) | 1,100 | | | 50 | | | 4.57 | | | 1,329 | | | 16 | | | 1.21 | | | 1,434 | | | — | | | 0.02 | |
| Discount Notes | 43,050 | | | 2,105 | | | 4.89 | | | 46,450 | | | 775 | | | 1.67 | | | 26,088 | | | 14 | | | 0.05 | |
| Unswapped fixed-rate Bonds | 12,162 | | | 271 | | | 2.23 | | | 14,087 | | | 282 | | | 2.00 | | | 18,857 | | | 327 | | | 1.74 | |
| Unswapped adjustable-rate Bonds | 54,973 | | | 2,847 | | | 5.18 | | | 22,833 | | | 539 | | | 2.36 | | | 6,710 | | | 5 | | | 0.07 | |
| Swapped Bonds | 16,554 | | | 814 | | | 4.92 | | | 7,020 | | | 114 | | | 1.62 | | | 2,744 | | | 12 | | | 0.42 | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | 34 | | | 3 | | | 8.31 | | | 115 | | | 6 | | | 4.77 | | | 19 | | | — | | | 2.01 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 127,964 | | | 6,094 | | | 4.76 | | | 91,911 | | | 1,733 | | | 1.89 | | | 55,931 | | | 358 | | | 0.64 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other liabilities | 1,691 | | | | | | | 1,765 | | | | | | | 869 | | | | | |
| Total capital | 6,931 | | | | | | | 5,271 | | | | | | | 3,886 | | | | | |
| Total liabilities and capital | $ | 136,586 | | | | | | | $ | 98,947 | | | | | | | $ | 60,686 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest rate spread | | | | | 0.38 | % | | | | | | 0.37 | % | | | | | | 0.41 | % |
Net interest income and net interest margin (6) | | | $ | 864 | | | 0.64 | % | | | | $ | 487 | | | 0.50 | % | | | | $ | 277 | | | 0.46 | % |
| Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities | | | | | 105.78 | % | | | | | | 107.03 | % | | | | | | 107.56 | % |
(1)Amounts used to calculate average rates are based on dollars in thousands. Accordingly, recalculations based upon the disclosed amounts in millions may not produce the same results.
(2)Interest on Advances includes prepayment fees of (in millions) $3, $3, and $13 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
(3)Non-accrual loans are included in average balances used to determine average rate.
(3)Includes certificates of deposit that are classified as available-for-sale securities.
(4)Includes available-for-sale securities based on their amortized costs. The yield information does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected as a component of stockholders' equity for available-for-sale securities.
(5)The average balance amounts include the rights or obligations to cash collateral, which are included in the fair value of derivative assets or derivative liabilities on the Statements of Condition at period end.
(5)Includes available-for-sale securities based on their amortized costs. The yield information does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected as a component of stockholders' equity for available-for-sale securities.
(6)Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average total interest-earning assets.
Rates and corresponding levels of interest income and expense on mostall of our interest-bearing assets and liabilities decreasedincreased in 20212023 compared to 2020 due2022, as these assets and liabilities have repriced to the decline of short-termhigher interest rates.
Volume/Rate Analysis
Changes in both average balances (volume) and interest rates influence changes in net interest income, as shown in the following table.
| | | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 over 2020 | | 2020 over 2019 | 2023 over 2022 | | 2022 over 2021 |
| | | Volume (1)(3) | | Rate (2)(3) | | Total | | Volume (1)(3) | | Rate (2)(3) | | Total | | Volume (1)(3) | | Rate (2)(3) | | Total | | Volume (1)(3) | | Rate (2)(3) | | Total |
| Increase (decrease) in interest income | Increase (decrease) in interest income | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Advances | Advances | $ | (164) | | | $ | (158) | | | $ | (322) | | | $ | (107) | | | $ | (628) | | | $ | (735) | |
| Advances | |
| Advances | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | Mortgage loans held for portfolio | (69) | | | (38) | | | (107) | | | 16 | | | (80) | | | (64) | |
| Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | (2) | | | (35) | | | (37) | | | (88) | | | (162) | | | (250) | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | |
| Federal funds sold | |
| Interest-bearing deposits in banks | Interest-bearing deposits in banks | (2) | | | (5) | | | (7) | | | (6) | | | (24) | | | (30) | |
| MBS | MBS | (37) | | | (42) | | | (79) | | | (70) | | | (130) | | | (200) | |
| Other investments | Other investments | (23) | | | (37) | | | (60) | | | 88 | | | (7) | | | 81 | |
| Loans to other FHLBanks | Loans to other FHLBanks | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total | Total | (297) | | | (315) | | | (612) | | | (167) | | | (1,031) | | | (1,198) | |
| Increase (decrease) in interest expense | Increase (decrease) in interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | Increase (decrease) in interest expense | | | | | | | | | |
| Term deposits | Term deposits | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Other interest-bearing deposits | Other interest-bearing deposits | — | | | (3) | | | (3) | | | 5 | | | (17) | | | (12) | |
| Discount Notes | Discount Notes | (84) | | | (197) | | | (281) | | | (26) | | | (668) | | | (694) | |
| Unswapped fixed-rate Bonds | Unswapped fixed-rate Bonds | (46) | | | (59) | | | (105) | | | (67) | | | (59) | | | (126) | |
| Unswapped adjustable-rate Bonds | Unswapped adjustable-rate Bonds | (18) | | | (30) | | | (48) | | | (54) | | | (264) | | | (318) | |
| Swapped Bonds | Swapped Bonds | (11) | | | (34) | | | (45) | | | (29) | | | (18) | | | (47) | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | | | 1 | | | (1) | | | — | |
| Other borrowings | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | Total | |
| Total | |
| Total | Total | (160) | | | (323) | | | (483) | | | (170) | | | (1,028) | | | (1,198) | |
| Increase (decrease) in net interest income | Increase (decrease) in net interest income | $ | (137) | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | (129) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | (3) | | | $ | — | |
(1)Volume changes are calculated as the change in volume multiplied by the prior year rate.
(2)Rate changes are calculated as the change in rate multiplied by the prior year average balance.
(3)Changes that are not identifiable as either volume-related or rate-related, but rather are equally attributable to both volume and rate changes, have been allocated to the volume and rate categories based upon the proportion of the absolute value of the volume and rate changes.
Effect of the Use of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
The following table shows the impact on net interest income from the effect of derivatives and hedging activities. As noted above, gains (losses) on hedged items and derivatives in qualifying fair value hedge relationships are recorded in interest income or expense. In addition, for derivatives designated as a fair value hedge, the net interest settlements of interest receivables or payables and the price alignment amount related to such derivatives are recognized as adjustments to the interest income or expense of the designated hedged item. As such, all the effects on earnings of derivatives qualifying for fair value hedge accounting are reflected in net interest income. The effect on earnings from derivatives not receiving fair value hedge accounting is provided in the “Non-Interest Income (Loss)” section below.
| | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 | 2023 | | 2022 | | | | 2021 |
| | | Advances: | Advances: | | | | | | |
| | Advances: | |
| | Advances: | |
| Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | |
| Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | |
| Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | $ | (1) | | | $ | (1) | | | | $ | (1) | |
| Gains (losses) on designated fair value hedges | Gains (losses) on designated fair value hedges | 1 | | | (16) | | | | (6) | |
| Net interest settlements included in net interest income | Net interest settlements included in net interest income | (110) | | | (91) | | | | 36 | |
Price alignment amount (1) | |
| Investment securities: | Investment securities: | | | |
| | Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | |
| Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | |
| Amortization of hedging activities in net interest income | |
| Gains (losses) on designated fair value hedges | |
| Net interest settlements included in net interest income | Net interest settlements included in net interest income | (20) | | | (2) | | | | — | |
Price alignment amount (1) | |
| Mortgage loans: | Mortgage loans: | | | |
| Amortization of derivative fair value adjustments in net interest income | |
| Amortization of derivative fair value adjustments in net interest income | |
| Amortization of derivative fair value adjustments in net interest income | Amortization of derivative fair value adjustments in net interest income | (12) | | | (12) | | | | (3) | |
| Consolidated Obligation Bonds: | Consolidated Obligation Bonds: | | | |
| | Net interest settlements included in net interest income | Net interest settlements included in net interest income | 1 | | | 2 | | | | 2 | |
| | Net interest settlements included in net interest income | |
| | Net interest settlements included in net interest income | |
| | Increase (decrease) to net interest income | Increase (decrease) to net interest income | $ | (141) | | | $ | (120) | | | | $ | 28 | |
| Increase (decrease) to net interest income | |
| Increase (decrease) to net interest income | |
(1) This amount is for derivatives for which variation margin is characterized as a daily settled contract.
Most of ourWe primarily use of derivatives is to more closely match actual cash flows between assets and liabilities by synthetically convertconverting the fixed interest rates on certain Advances, investments and Consolidated Obligations to adjustable rates tied to an eligible benchmark rate (e.g., LIBOR, the Federal funds effective rate or SOFR). The larger negative effect of derivatives onsharp increases in short-term interest rates primarily benefited net interest income in 2021 was primarily due to lower short-term benchmark2023 as the conversion of certain Advances' and investments' fixed interest rates whichto adjustable-coupon rates resulted in highera significant amount of net interest settlements being paid on certain Advances and investments where the fixed interest rates were converted to adjustable-coupon rates.received. The fluctuation in earningsnet interest income from the use of derivatives was acceptable because it enabled us to lower market risk exposure by matching actual cash flows between assets and liabilities more closely and efficiently than would otherwise occur.exposure.
Non-Interest Income (Loss)
Non-interest income (loss) consists of certain realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, derivatives activities, financial instruments held under the fair value option, and other non-interest earning activities. The following tables present the net effect of derivatives and hedging activities on non-interest income (loss). The effects of derivatives and hedging activities on non-interest income (loss) relate only to derivatives not qualifying for fair value hedge accounting.
| | 2023 | | | 2023 |
| | 2021 |
| | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | Advances | | Investment Securities | | Mortgage Loans | | Bonds | | Discount Notes | | Balance Sheet (1) | | Other | | Total | Advances | | Investment Securities | | Mortgage Loans | | Bonds | | Discount Notes | | Balance Sheet | | Other | | Total |
| | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | |
| Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | |
| Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | $ | 1 | | | $ | 252 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | (9) | | | $ | (1) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 246 | |
| Net interest settlements on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | Net interest settlements on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | — | | | (172) | | | — | | | 8 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (164) | |
| Price alignment amount | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Price alignment amount (2) | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | Net gains (losses) on derivatives | 1 | | | 80 | | | 3 | | | (1) | | | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | 82 | |
Gains (losses) on trading securities (2) | — | | | (257) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (257) | |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option (3) | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | |
Gains (losses) on trading securities (3) | |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option (4) | |
| Total net effect on non-interest income | Total net effect on non-interest income | $ | — | | | $ | (177) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (165) | |
| | 2020 |
| 2022 | |
| 2022 | |
| 2022 | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | Advances | | Investment Securities | | Mortgage Loans | | Bonds | | Discount Notes | | Balance Sheet (1) | | Other | | Total | (In millions) | Advances | | Investment Securities | | Mortgage Loans | | Bonds | | Discount Notes | | Balance Sheet (1) | | Other | | Total |
| | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | |
| Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | |
| Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | $ | — | | | $ | (242) | | | $ | (10) | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 91 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (147) | |
| Net interest settlements on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | Net interest settlements on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | — | | | (172) | | | — | | | 23 | | | 22 | | | — | | | — | | | (127) | |
| Price alignment amount | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
Price alignment amount (2) | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | Net gains (losses) on derivatives | — | | | (414) | | | (10) | | | 37 | | | 22 | | | 91 | | | 1 | | | (273) | |
Gains (losses) on trading securities (2) | — | | | 257 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 257 | |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option (3) | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | (9) | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | (7) | |
Gains (losses) on trading securities (3) | |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option (4) | |
| Total net effect on non-interest income | Total net effect on non-interest income | $ | 1 | | | $ | (157) | | | $ | (10) | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 23 | | | $ | 91 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (23) | |
| | | 2019 |
| 2021 | |
| 2021 | |
| 2021 | |
| (In millions) | (In millions) | Advances | | Investment Securities | | Mortgage Loans | | Bonds | | Discount Notes | | Balance Sheet (1) | | Other | | Total | (In millions) | Advances | | Investment Securities | | Mortgage Loans | | Bonds | | Discount Notes | | Balance Sheet (1) | | Other | | Total |
| | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | $ | (2) | | | $ | (194) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 54 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (19) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (157) | |
| Net interest settlements on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | 2 | | | — | | | — | | | (26) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (24) | |
| Price alignment amount | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3 | | | 3 | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | — | | | (194) | | | 4 | | | 28 | | | — | | | (19) | | | 3 | | | (178) | |
Gains (losses) on trading securities (2) | — | | | 210 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 210 | |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option (3) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (53) | | | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | (54) | |
| Total net effect on non-interest income | $ | — | | | $ | 16 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | (25) | | | $ | (1) | | | $ | (19) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | (22) | |
| | | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | |
| | Net effect of derivatives and hedging activities | |
| | Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| | Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| | Gains (losses) on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
| Net interest settlements on derivatives not receiving hedge accounting | |
Price alignment amount (2) | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | |
Gains (losses) on trading securities (3) | |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option (4) | |
| Total net effect on non-interest income | |
(1)Balance sheet includes synthetic basis swapsFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, "Balance Sheet" included swaptions, which arewere not designated as hedging a specific financial instrument.
(2)This amount is for derivatives for which variation margin is characterized as a daily settled contract.
(3)Includes only those gains (losses) on trading securities that have an assigned economic derivative; therefore, this line item may not agree to the StatementStatements of Income.
(3)(4)Includes only those gains or losses on financial instruments held at fair value that have an economic derivative "assigned."
The net effect of derivatives and hedging activities was more unfavorable in 2021 compared to 2020. Non-intereston non-interest income in 2020 benefited from2023 improved primarily because of the sale of interest rate swaptions as interestincrease in short-term rates, fell to historically low levels during the first quarter of 2020. The sales of swaptions in the first quarter of 2020which resulted in net realized gains of approximately $69 million before assessments. We did not sell any interest rate swaptions in 2021. We use swaptions to hedge market risk exposure associated with fixed-rate mortgage assets and may sell swaptions as interest rates change in order to offset actual and anticipated risks associated with holding fixed-rate mortgage assets. Additionally, the negative impact in 2021 was largely a result of less net interest settlements being received on swapped Discount Notesderivatives related to investments where the fixed interest rates were converted to adjustable-coupon rates. Some of this benefit was offset as the increase in short-term rates also resulted in a higher amount of net interest settlements being paid on derivatives related to Bonds. Additionally, a portion of the improvement in the effect of derivatives and Bondshedging activities on earnings was driven by a net favorable impact from changes in market values on certain derivatives and related financial instruments carried at fair value. Because we intend to hold these derivatives and the related financial instruments to maturity, any unrealized gains onor losses are expected to reverse in future periods. As noted above, the fluctuation in earnings from the use of derivatives and instruments held at fair value recognized in 2020, which were not experienced in 2021.was acceptable because it enabled us to lower market risk exposure.
In the table above, "Gains (losses) on trading securities" consist of fixed-rate U.S. Treasury and GSE obligations that have been swapped to a variable rate. Trading securities are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in non-interest income (loss). There are a number of factors that affect the fair value of these securities, includingsuch as changes in interest rates, the passage of time, and volatility. By hedging these trading securities, the gains or losses on these trading securities will generally be offset by the gains or losses on the associated interest rate swaps.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table presents non-interest expense for each of the last three years.
| | | (In millions) | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 | 2023 | | 2022 | | | | 2021 |
| | Non-interest expense | Non-interest expense | | | | | | |
| | Non-interest expense | |
| | Non-interest expense | |
| Compensation and benefits | |
| Compensation and benefits | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | $ | 48 | | | $ | 50 | | | | $ | 46 | |
| Other operating expense | Other operating expense | 23 | | | 21 | | | | 22 | |
| Finance Agency | Finance Agency | 7 | | | 7 | | | | 7 | |
| Office of Finance | Office of Finance | 5 | | | 5 | | | | 5 | |
| | Voluntary housing contributions | |
| Voluntary housing contributions | |
| Voluntary housing contributions | |
| Other | Other | 9 | | | 9 | | | | 9 | |
| Total non-interest expense | Total non-interest expense | $ | 92 | | | $ | 92 | | | | $ | 89 | |
|
Our business is designed to support significant changes in asset levels without having to undergo material changes in staffing, operations, risk practices, or general resource needs. Accordingly, totalTotal non-interest expenses remained stable with only minimal increases overexpense increased in 2023 primarily as a result of making voluntary housing contributions of $15 million to address affordable housing needs and community investment in the past several years.Fifth District. These voluntary housing contributions are in addition to the 10 percent of earnings that are required to be set aside for the AHP.
Analysis of Quarterly ROE
The following table summarizes the components of 2021's quarterly ROE and provides quarterly ROE for 2020 and 2019.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | 1st Quarter | 2nd Quarter | 3rd Quarter | 4th Quarter | Total |
| Components of 2021 ROE: | | | | | |
| Net interest income: | | | | | |
| Other net interest income | 10.80 | % | 8.70 | % | 8.35 | % | 8.34 | % | 9.04 | % |
| Net amortization | (2.98) | | (2.69) | | (1.98) | | (1.32) | | (2.25) | |
| Prepayment fees | 0.14 | | 0.50 | | 0.23 | | 0.43 | | 0.33 | |
| Total net interest income | 7.96 | | 6.51 | | 6.60 | | 7.45 | | 7.12 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total non-interest income (loss) | (3.31) | | (4.12) | | (3.76) | | (3.00) | | (3.56) | |
| Total income | 4.65 | | 2.39 | | 2.84 | | 4.45 | | 3.56 | |
| Total non-interest expense | 2.47 | | 2.35 | | 2.17 | | 2.44 | | 2.36 | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | 0.22 | | 0.01 | | 0.07 | | 0.20 | | 0.12 | |
| 2021 ROE | 1.96 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.60 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.08 | % |
| | | | | |
| 2020 ROE | 6.94 | % | 7.12 | % | 4.70 | % | 3.93 | % | 5.78 | % |
| | | | | |
| 2019 ROE | 5.59 | % | 5.09 | % | 5.36 | % | 6.64 | % | 5.65 | % |
The decline in profitability in 2021 compared to 2020 was in part due to low interest rates and an unprecedented amount of liquidity in the financial markets due to governmental stimulus actions, which resulted in, among other things, lower average balances of Advances and mortgage assets and lower spreads earned on mortgage assets. In the second quarter of 2021, ROE was comparatively lower than other quarters due to unrealized losses on derivatives and hedging activities and instruments held at fair value.
Segment Information
Note 14 of the Notes to Financial Statements presents information on our two operating business segments. We manage financial operations and market risk exposure primarily at the macro level, and within the context of the entire balance sheet, rather than exclusively at the level of individual segments. Under this approach, the market risk/return profile of each segment may not match, or possibly even have the same trends as, what would occur if we managed each segment on a stand-alone basis. The tables below summarize each segment's operating results for the periods shown.
| | | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | Traditional Member Finance | | MPP | | Total |
| 2021 | | | | | |
| Net interest income | $ | 318 | | | $ | (41) | | | $ | 277 | |
| Net income | $ | 85 | | | $ | (43) | | | $ | 42 | |
| (Dollars in millions) | |
| (Dollars in millions) | | Traditional Member Finance | | MPP | | Total |
| 2023 | | 2023 | | | | | |
| Net interest income (loss) | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Average assets | Average assets | $ | 49,258 | | | $ | 11,428 | | | $ | 60,686 | |
| Assumed average capital allocation | Assumed average capital allocation | $ | 3,154 | | | $ | 732 | | | $ | 3,886 | |
Return on average assets (1) | Return on average assets (1) | 0.17 | % | | (0.38) | % | | 0.07 | % | Return on average assets (1) | 0.44 | % | | 1.21 | % | | 0.49 | % |
Return on average equity (1) | Return on average equity (1) | 2.70 | % | | (5.92) | % | | 1.08 | % | Return on average equity (1) | 8.69 | % | | 23.74 | % | | 9.63 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2020 | |
| Net interest income | $ | 385 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 406 | |
| Net income | $ | 221 | | | $ | 55 | | | $ | 276 | |
| 2022 | | 2022 | |
| Net interest income (loss) | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Average assets | Average assets | $ | 77,090 | | | $ | 11,620 | | | $ | 88,710 | |
| Assumed average capital allocation | Assumed average capital allocation | $ | 4,149 | | | $ | 630 | | | $ | 4,779 | |
Return on average assets (1) | Return on average assets (1) | 0.29 | % | | 0.48 | % | | 0.31 | % | Return on average assets (1) | 0.23 | % | | 0.51 | % | | 0.25 | % |
Return on average equity (1) | Return on average equity (1) | 5.33 | % | | 8.76 | % | | 5.78 | % | Return on average equity (1) | 4.26 | % | | 9.46 | % | | 4.78 | % |
| | 2019 | |
| Net interest income | $ | 309 | | | $ | 97 | | | $ | 406 | |
| Net income | $ | 206 | | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 276 | |
| 2021 | |
| 2021 | |
| 2021 | |
| Net interest income (loss) | |
| Net interest income (loss) | |
| Net interest income (loss) | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Average assets | Average assets | $ | 83,867 | | | $ | 13,070 | | | $ | 96,937 | |
| Assumed average capital allocation | Assumed average capital allocation | $ | 4,226 | | | $ | 658 | | | $ | 4,884 | |
Return on average assets (1) | Return on average assets (1) | 0.25 | % | | 0.54 | % | | 0.28 | % | Return on average assets (1) | 0.17 | % | | (0.38) | % | | 0.07 | % |
Return on average equity (1) | Return on average equity (1) | 4.87 | % | | 10.71 | % | | 5.65 | % | Return on average equity (1) | 2.70 | % | | (5.92) | % | | 1.08 | % |
|
(1)Amounts used to calculate returns are based on numbers in thousands. Accordingly, recalculations based upon the disclosed amounts in millions may not produce the same results.
Traditional Member Finance Segment
Net income decreasedimproved in 20212023 compared to 2020 primarily due to2022 largely because of higher net interest income. The increase in net interest income was driven by higher interest rates, which benefited this segment as it resulted in higher earnings from capital. Additionally, net interest income improved because of higher average balances and spreads on Advances and MBS. However, the declineincrease in average Advance and MBS balances,net interest income was partially offset by lower spreads earned on MBS, lower Advance prepayment fees,liquidity investments. The increase in net income in 2023 compared to 2022 was also driven by favorable net market value changes on interest rate swaps and net unrealized losses on derivatives and hedging activities andrelated financial instruments heldcarried at fair value.
MPP Segment
Due to the low interest rate environment,Earnings from the MPP segment experienced aimproved in 2023 compared to 2022 because of higher net lossinterest income, which resulted primarily from the increase in 2021. The net loss was due to lowerinterest rates. Higher average MPP balances, elevated net amortization, and lower portfoliointerest rates improved the spreads earned on MPP driven byand increased the accelerated payoffearnings generated from capital. Additionally, higher mortgage rates resulted in a lower volume of higher-yielding mortgages at a faster pace than the associated debt funding them. Netmortgage refinance activity, which reduced premium amortization. The increase in net income in 2020 significantly benefited from gains due2023 compared to 2022 was partially offset by net unrealized losses on derivatives related to the sale of interest rate swaptions as rates fell to historically low levels in the first quarter of 2020. We did not sell any swaptions in 2021.MPP segment.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT RISK MANAGEMENT
Overview
We face various risks that could affect the ability to achieve our mission and corporate objectives. We generally categorize risks as: 1) business/strategic risk, 2) regulatory/legal risk,compliance, 3) market risk (also referred to as interest rate or prepayment risk), 4) credit risk, 5) funding/liquidity risk, and 6) operational risk.risk (which includes cyber risks). Our Board of Directors establishes objectives regarding risk philosophy, risk appetite, risk tolerances, and financial performance expectations. Market, capital adequacy, credit, liquidity, concentration, and operational risks are discussed below. Other risks are discussed throughout this report.
We strive to maintain a risk profile that ensures we operate safely and soundly, promotes prudent growth in Mission Assets and Activities, consistently generates competitive earnings, and protects the par value of members' capital stock investment. We believe our business is financially sound and adequately capitalized on a risk-adjusted basis.
We practice this conservative risk philosophy in many ways:
▪We operate with moderate market risk and limited residual credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and capital impairment risk.
▪We have a business objective to ensure competitive and relatively stable profitability.
▪We make conservative investment choices in terms of the types of investments we purchase and counterparties with which we engage.
▪We use derivatives to hedge assets and liabilities and to help reduce market risk exposure.
▪We maintain a prudent amount of financial leverage.
▪We are judicious in instituting regular, district-wide repurchases of excess stock.
▪We hold an amount of retained earnings that we believe will protect the par value of capital stock and provide for dividend stabilization.
▪We create a working and operating environment that emphasizes a stable employee base.
We have numerous Board-adopted policies and processes that address risk management including risk appetite, tolerances, limits, guidelines, and regulatory compliance. Our cooperative business model, corporate objectives, capital structure, and regulatory oversight provide us clear incentives to minimize risk exposures. Our policies and operating practices are designed to limit risk exposures from ongoing operations in the following broad ways:
▪by anticipating potential business risks and developing appropriate responses;
▪by defining permissible lines of business;
▪by limiting the kinds of assets we are permitted to hold in terms of their credit risk exposure and the kinds of hedging and financing arrangements we are permitted to use;
▪by limiting the amount of market risk to which we are permitted to be exposed;
▪by specifying very conservative tolerances for credit risk posed by Advances;
▪by specifying capital adequacy minimums; and
▪by requiring strict adherence to internal controls and operating procedures, adequate insurance coverage, and comprehensive Human Resources policies, procedures, and strategies.
Market Risk
Overview
Market risk exposure is the risk that profitability and the value of stockholders' capital investment may decrease and that profitability may become uncompetitive for an extended period as a result of changes and volatility in the market environment and economy. Along with business/strategic risk, market risk is normally our largest residual risk.
Our risk appetite is to maintain market risk exposure in a low to moderate range while earning a competitive return on members' capital stock investment. There is normally a tradeoff between long-term market risk exposure and shorter-term exposure. Effective management of each component is important in order to attract and retain members and capital and to support Mission Assets and Activities.
The primary challenges in managing market risk exposure arise from 1) the tradeoff between earning a competitive return and correlating profitability with short-term interest rates and 2) the market risk exposure of owning fixed-rate mortgage assets. Mortgage assets grant homeowners prepayment options that could adversely affect our financial performance when interest rates increase or decrease. We mitigate the market risk of mortgage assets primarily by funding them principally with a portfolio of long-term fixed-rate callable and non-callable Bonds. We may also hedge a portion of our MBS by using interest rate swaps to effectively convert the fixed rate investments to adjustable-rate investments. Secondarily, we use swaption derivative transactions to a limited extent to mitigate the market risk of mortgage assets.loans. The Bonds and swaptionsuse of derivatives can provide expected cash flows that are similar to the cash flows expected from mortgage assets under a wide range of interest rate and prepayment environments. Because it is normally cost-prohibitive to completely mitigate mortgage prepayment risk, a residual amount of market risk remains after funding and hedging activities.
We analyze market risk using numerous analytical measures under a variety of interest rate and business scenarios, including stressed scenarios, and perform sensitivity analyses on the many variables that can affect market risk, using several market risk models from third-party software companies. These models employ rigorous valuation techniques for the optionality that exists in mortgage prepayments, call and put options, and caps/floors. We regularly assess the effects of different assumptions, techniques and methodologies on the measurements of market risk exposure, including comparisons to alternative models and information from brokers/dealers.
Policy Limits on Market RiskRisk Exposure
We have six sets of policy limits regarding market risk exposure, which primarily measure long-term market risk exposure. We determine compliance with our policy limits at every month end or more frequently if market or business conditions change significantly or are volatile.
▪Market Value of Equity Sensitivity. The market value of equity for the entire balance sheet in two hypothetical interest rate scenarios (up 200 basis points and down 100 to 200 basis points from the currentapplicable interest rate environment) must be between positive and negative 10 percent of the current balance sheet's market value of equity. The interest rate movements are “shocks,” defined as instantaneous, permanent, and parallel changes in interest rates in which every point on the yield curve is changed by the same amount. The size of the down shock varies with the level of long-term interest rates observed when measuring the risk.
▪Duration of Equity. The duration of equity for the entire balance sheet in the current (“base case”) interest rate environment must be between positive and negative five years and in the two interest rate shock scenarios (up 200 basis points and down 100 to 200 basis points from the currentapplicable interest rate environment) must be between positive and negative six years.
▪Mortgage Assets Portfolio. The change in net market value of the mortgage assets portfolio as a percentage of the book value of portfolio assets must be between positive and negative three percent in each of the two interest rate shock scenarios. Net market value is defined as the market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities, with no assumed capital allocation.
▪Market Capitalization. The market capitalization ratio (defined as the ratio of the market value of equity to the par value of regulatory stock) must be above 100 percent in the current rate environment and must be above 95 percent in each of the two interest rate shock scenarios.
▪Fixed Rate Mortgage Assets as a Multiple of Regulatory Capital. The amount of fixed mortgage assets must be less than five times the amount of regulatory capital.
▪MPP Assets as a Multiple of Regulatory Capital. The amount of MPP assets must be less than four times the amount of regulatory capital.
In addition, Finance Agency regulations and an internal policy provide controls on market risk exposure by restricting the types of mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities and other investments we can hold. We also manage market risk exposure by charging members prepayment fees on many Advance programs where an early termination of an Advance would result in an economic loss to us.
In practice we carry a substantially smaller amount of market risk exposure by establishing a strategic management range that is well within policy limits.
Market Value of Equity and Duration of Equity - Entire Balance Sheet
Two key measures of long-term market risk exposure are the sensitivities of the market value of equity and the duration of equity to changes in interest rates and other variables, as presented in the following tables for various instantaneous and permanent interest rate shocks (in basis points). Market value of equity represents the difference between the market value of total assets and the market value of total liabilities, including off-balance sheet items. The duration of equity provides an estimate of the change in market value of equity to further changes in interest rates. We compiled average results using data for each month end. Given the current level of rates at certain time periods, some down rate shocks are nonparallel scenarios, with short-term rates decreasing less than long-term rates such that no rate falls below zero.
Market Value of Equity
| | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | Down 300 | | Down 200 | | Down 100 | | Flat Rates | | Up 100 | | Up 200 | | Up 300 | (Dollars in millions) | Down 300 | | Down 200 | | Down 100 | | Flat Rates | | Up 100 | | Up 200 | | Up 300 |
| Average Results | Average Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average Results | | | |
| 2021 Full Year | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 Full Year | | 2023 Full Year | | | |
| Market Value of Equity | Market Value of Equity | $ | 3,916 | | | $ | 3,920 | | | $ | 3,921 | | | $ | 3,942 | | | $ | 3,878 | | | $ | 3,771 | | | $ | 3,705 | |
| % Change from Flat Case | % Change from Flat Case | (0.6) | % | | (0.6) | % | | (0.5) | % | | — | | | (1.6) | % | | (4.3) | % | | (6.0) | % | % Change from Flat Case | 5.2 | % | | 3.2 | % | | 1.7 | % | | — | | | (1.8) | | (1.8) | % | | (3.5) | % | | (5.1) | % |
| 2020 Full Year | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2022 Full Year | | 2022 Full Year | | | |
| Market Value of Equity | Market Value of Equity | $ | 4,541 | | | $ | 4,541 | | | $ | 4,547 | | | $ | 4,624 | | | $ | 4,723 | | | $ | 4,608 | | | $ | 4,466 | |
| % Change from Flat Case | % Change from Flat Case | (1.8) | % | | (1.8) | % | | (1.7) | % | | — | | | 2.1 | % | | (0.3) | % | | (3.4) | % | % Change from Flat Case | 6.1 | % | | 3.4 | % | | 1.7 | % | | — | | | (2.1) | | (2.1) | % | | (4.1) | % | | (5.7) | % |
| Month-End Results | Month-End Results | |
| December 31, 2021 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| Market Value of Equity | |
| Market Value of Equity | |
| Market Value of Equity | Market Value of Equity | $ | 3,977 | | | $ | 3,977 | | | $ | 3,865 | | | $ | 3,858 | | | $ | 3,767 | | | $ | 3,628 | | | $ | 3,525 | |
| % Change from Flat Case | % Change from Flat Case | 3.1 | % | | 3.1 | % | | 0.2 | % | | — | | | (2.4) | % | | (6.0) | % | | (8.6) | % | % Change from Flat Case | 4.6 | % | | 3.4 | % | | 1.9 | % | | — | | | (2.1) | | (2.1) | % | | (4.2) | % | | (6.2) | % |
| December 31, 2020 | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| Market Value of Equity | |
| Market Value of Equity | |
| Market Value of Equity | Market Value of Equity | $ | 3,765 | | | $ | 3,765 | | | $ | 3,791 | | | $ | 3,835 | | | $ | 3,893 | | | $ | 3,777 | | | $ | 3,676 | |
| % Change from Flat Case | % Change from Flat Case | (1.8) | % | | (1.8) | % | | (1.1) | % | | — | | | 1.5 | % | | (1.5) | % | | (4.2) | % | % Change from Flat Case | 5.8 | % | | 3.9 | % | | 2.0 | % | | — | | | (1.9) | | (1.9) | % | | (3.6) | % | | (5.1) | % |
Duration of Equity
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In years) | Down 300 | | Down 200 | | Down 100 | | Flat Rates | | Up 100 | | Up 200 | | Up 300 |
| Average Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021 Full Year | (0.1) | | | (0.2) | | | (0.6) | | | 1.0 | | | 2.6 | | | 2.5 | | | 1.0 | |
| 2020 Full Year | — | | | — | | | (0.9) | | | (2.6) | | | 1.0 | | | 3.4 | | | 2.0 | |
| Month-End Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | — | | | 0.7 | | | 2.0 | | | 1.4 | | | 3.4 | | | 3.6 | | | 2.1 | |
| December 31, 2020 | — | | | (0.1) | | | (1.4) | | | (2.3) | | | 1.8 | | | 3.2 | | | 1.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In years) | Down 300 | | Down 200 | | Down 100 | | Flat Rates | | Up 100 | | Up 200 | | Up 300 |
| Average Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 Full Year | 1.8 | | | 1.4 | | | 1.8 | | | 1.8 | | | 1.8 | | | 1.7 | | | 1.5 | |
| 2022 Full Year | 2.6 | | | 1.9 | | | 1.5 | | | 2.0 | | | 2.2 | | | 2.0 | | | 1.7 | |
| Month-End Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2023 | 1.2 | | | 1.5 | | | 1.8 | | | 2.0 | | | 2.2 | | | 2.1 | | | 1.9 | |
| December 31, 2022 | 1.8 | | | 2.0 | | | 2.1 | | | 2.1 | | | 2.0 | | | 1.8 | | | 1.6 | |
The overall market risk exposure to changing interest rates was well within policy limits during the periods presented. At December 31, 2021, market risk exposure to rising and falling rate shocks shifted modestly driven by significant changes in the overall composition of the mortgage loans portfolio. Changes in the composition of the mortgage loans portfolio tends to happen more rapidly during a period of a decline in interest rates and subsequent elevated mortgage repayments. In addition to the noted changes in balance sheet composition, the increased exposure to rising rate shocks was impacted by the rise in long-term interest rates that occurred in 2021. Exposure to falling interest rates in the down shock scenarios continues to be muted as some rates become floored at near zero rate levels. The duration of equity, which provides an estimate of the change in market value of equity to further changes in interest rates, increased modestly due to the factors noted above, but remained well within policy limits.
Based on the totality of our risk analysis, we expect that profitability, defined as the level of ROE compared with short-term market rates, will be competitive over the long term unless interest rates increase by large amounts in a short period of time.
Declines in long-term interest rates could materially decrease income temporarily before reverting to average levels. This temporary reduction in income would be driven by additional recognition of mortgage asset premiums as the further incentive for borrowers to refinance results in faster than anticipated repayments of those mortgage assets.
Market Risk Exposure of the Mortgage Assets Portfolio
The mortgage assets portfolio normally accounts for almost all market risk exposure because of prepayment volatility that we cannot completely hedge while maintaining sufficient net spreads. Sensitivities ofThe overall market risk exposure to changing interest rates was well within policy limits during the periods presented. At December 31, 2023, market value of equity allocatedrisk exposure to the mortgage assets portfolio under interestfalling and rising rate shocks (in basis points) are shown below. The average mortgage assets portfolio had an assumed capital allocation of $1.1 billion in 2021 based on the entire balance sheet's average regulatory capital-to-assets ratio. Average results shown in the table below are compiled using data for each month end. The market value sensitivities are one measure we use to analyze the portfolio's estimated market risk exposure.remained stable.
% ChangeBased on the totality of our risk analysis, we expect that overall profitability, defined as the level of ROE compared with short-term market rates, will be competitive over the long term unless interest rates increase further by large amounts in Market Valuea short period of Equity-Mortgage Assets Portfolio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Down 300 | | Down 200 | | Down 100 | | Flat Rates | | Up 100 | | Up 200 | | Up 300 |
| Average Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021 Full Year | (11.2) | % | | (10.7) | % | | (5.9) | % | | — | | | (1.4) | % | | (5.8) | % | | (7.7) | % |
| 2020 Full Year | (15.9) | % | | (15.9) | % | | (14.6) | % | | — | | | 11.9 | % | | 2.4 | % | | (10.3) | % |
| Month-End Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | (4.8) | % | | (4.8) | % | | (2.8) | % | | — | | | (3.4) | % | | (9.9) | % | | (14.4) | % |
| December 31, 2020 | (15.3) | % | | (15.3) | % | | (11.3) | % | | — | | | 10.6 | % | | 3.9 | % | | (1.7) | % |
The average risk exposure of the mortgage assets portfoliotime. Substantial declines in 2021 remained aligned with our preference to keep our exposure to market risk at a low to moderate level. The variances between periods primarily reflect the impact of slightly higher long-term interest rates observed in 2021 combined with the shift in composition of the mortgage asset portfolio, which was accelerated by rapid repayments of mortgage assets throughout 2021. We believe the mortgage asset portfolio will continuecould decrease income temporarily before reverting to provide an acceptable risk adjusted return consistent with our risk appetite philosophy.
This temporary reduction in income would be driven by additional recognition of mortgage asset premiums as the incentive for borrowers to refinance results in faster than anticipated repayments of those mortgage assets. However, we believe the mortgage assets portfolio will continue to provide an acceptable risk-adjusted return consistent with our risk appetite philosophy.
Use of Derivatives in Market Risk Management
A key component of hedgingThe FHLB enters into derivatives to manage the market risk exposure isexposures inherent in otherwise unhedged assets and funding positions. However, Finance Agency regulations and the FHLB's financial management policy prohibit trading in, or the speculative use of, derivative transactions.instruments. The following table presents the notional amounts of the derivatives classified by how we designate the hedging relationship. The notional amount of derivatives at December 31, 20212023 increased by $13.2$27.7 billion from the end of 2020,2022, primarily due to our heightened usedriven by increased Advance demand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Hedged Item/Hedging Instrument | Hedging Objective | Fair Value Hedge | Economic Hedge | | Fair Value Hedge | Economic Hedge |
| Advances: | | | | | | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the Advance's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | $ | 27,724 | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,560 | | $ | 10 | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest rate swap (with options) | Converts the Advance's fixed rate to a variable-rate index and offsets option risk in the Advance. | 380 | | 210 | | | 1,020 | | — | |
| | | | | | |
| Total Advances | | 28,104 | | 210 | | | 10,580 | | 10 | |
| Investment securities: | | | | | | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the investment security's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | 11,003 | | 1,702 | | | 9,668 | | 1,952 | |
| Mortgage Loans: | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaptions | Provides the option to enter into an interest rate swap to offset interest-rate or prepayment risk in a pooled mortgage portfolio hedge | — | | 425 | | | — | | — | |
| | | | | | |
| Consolidated Obligations Bonds: | | | | | | |
| Receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the Bond's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | 1,571 | | 1,130 | | | 569 | | 1,140 | |
| Receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap (with options) | Converts the Bond's fixed rate to a variable-rate index and offsets option risk in the Bond. | 705 | | 19,351 | | | 760 | | 4,374 | |
Total Consolidated Obligations
Bonds | | 2,276 | | 20,481 | | | 1,329 | | 5,514 | |
| Consolidated Discount Notes: | | | | | | |
| Receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the Discount Note's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | — | | 14,193 | | | — | | 21,365 | |
| Balance Sheet: | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaptions | Provides the option to enter into an interest rate swap to offset interest-rate or prepayment risk. | — | | — | | | — | | 355 | |
| | | | | | |
| Stand-Alone Derivatives: | | | | | | |
| Mandatory Delivery Contracts | Exposure to fair-value risk associated with fixed rate mortgage purchase commitments. | — | | 101 | | | — | | 14 | |
| Total | | $ | 41,383 | | $ | 37,112 | | | $ | 21,577 | | $ | 29,210 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Hedged Item/Hedging Instrument | Hedging Objective | Fair Value Hedge | Economic Hedge | | Fair Value Hedge | Economic Hedge |
| Advances: | | | | | | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the Advance's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | $ | 5,503 | | $ | 10 | | | $ | 7,409 | | $ | 5 | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest rate swap (with options) | Converts the Advance's fixed rate to a variable-rate index and offsets option risk in the Advance. | 2,452 | | 21 | | | 2,664 | | 27 | |
| | | | | | |
| Total Advances | | 7,955 | | 31 | | | 10,073 | | 32 | |
| Investment securities: | | | | | | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the investment security's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | 5,313 | | 6,427 | | | 274 | | 9,817 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Consolidated Obligations Bonds: | | | | | | |
| Receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the Bond's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | 452 | | 7,175 | | | 131 | | 2,241 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Consolidated Discount Notes: | | | | | | |
| Receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap (without options) | Converts the Discount Note's fixed rate to a variable-rate index. | — | | 10,426 | | | — | | — | |
| Balance Sheet: | | | | | | |
| Pay-float, receive-fixed interest-rate swap | Interest-rate swap not linked to a specific asset, liability or forecasted transaction. | — | | — | | | — | | 589 | |
| Pay-fixed, receive-float interest-rate swap | Interest-rate swap not linked to a specific asset, liability or forecasted transaction. | — | | — | | | — | | 589 | |
| Interest rate swaptions | Provides the option to enter into an interest rate swap to offset interest-rate or prepayment risk. | — | | 1,219 | | | — | | 2,175 | |
| Total Balance Sheet | | — | | 1,219 | | | — | | 3,353 | |
| Stand-Alone Derivatives: | | | | | | |
| Mandatory Delivery Contracts | Exposure to fair-value risk associated with fixed rate mortgage purchase commitments. | — | | 250 | | | — | | 137 | |
| Total | | $ | 13,720 | | $ | 25,528 | | | $ | 10,478 | | $ | 15,580 | |
See Note 7 of the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information on how we use derivatives and the types of assets and liabilities hedged with derivatives.
Capital Adequacy
Retained Earnings
We must hold sufficient capital to protect against exposure to various risks, including market, credit, and operational.operational risks. We regularly conduct a variety of measurements and assessments for capital adequacy. At December 31, 2021,2023, our capital management policy set forth approximately $270 million$1.0 billion as the minimum amount of retained earnings we believe is necessary to mitigate impairment risk.
The following table presents retained earnings.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | (In millions) | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Unrestricted retained earnings | Unrestricted retained earnings | $ | 783 | | | $ | 803 | |
Restricted retained earnings (1) | Restricted retained earnings (1) | 510 | | | 501 | |
| Total retained earnings | Total retained earnings | $ | 1,293 | | | $ | 1,304 | |
(1) Pursuant to the FHLBank System's Joint Capital Enhancement Agreement we are not permitted to distribute as dividends.
As indicated in the table above, our current balance of retained earnings exceeds the policy minimum, which we expect will continue to be the case as we bolster capital adequacy over time by allocating a portion of earnings to the restricted retained earnings account.
Risk-Based Capital
The following table shows the amount of risk-based capital required based on Finance Agency prescribed measurements. By
regulation, we are required to hold permanent capital at least equal to the amount of risk-based capital.
| | | (Dollars in millions) | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2023 | | | | December 31, 2022 |
| Market risk-based capital | Market risk-based capital | $ | 435 | | | | $ | 211 | |
| Credit risk-based capital | Credit risk-based capital | 224 | | | | 204 | |
| Operational risk-based capital | Operational risk-based capital | 197 | | | | 124 | |
| Total risk-based capital requirement | Total risk-based capital requirement | 856 | | | | 539 | |
| Total permanent capital | Total permanent capital | 3,804 | | | | 3,964 | |
| Excess permanent capital | Excess permanent capital | $ | 2,948 | | | | $ | 3,425 | |
| Risk-based capital as a percent of permanent capital | Risk-based capital as a percent of permanent capital | 23 | % | | | 14 | % | Risk-based capital as a percent of permanent capital | 21 | % | | | | 14 | % |
The risk-based capital requirement has historically not been a constraint on operations, and we do not use it to actively manage
any of our risks. It has normally ranged from 10 to 25 percent of permanent capital.
Market Capitalization Ratios
We measure two sets of market capitalization ratios. One measures the market value of equity (i.e., total capital) relative to the par value of regulatory capital stock (which is GAAP capital stock and mandatorily redeemable capital stock). The other measures the market value of total capital relative to the book value of total capital, which includes all components of capital, and mandatorily redeemable capital stock. The measures provide a point-in-time indication of the FHLB's liquidation or franchise value and can also serve as a measure of realized or potential market risk exposure.
The following table presents the market value of equity to regulatory capital stock (excluding retained earnings) for several interest rate environments.
| | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | | | | | December 31, 2022 |
| Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Base Case (Flat Rates) Scenario | Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Base Case (Flat Rates) Scenario | 154 | % | | | 144 | % | Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Base Case (Flat Rates) Scenario | 123 | % | | | | 119 | % |
Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Down Shock (1) | Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Down Shock (1) | 154 | | | | 143 | |
Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Up Shock (2) | Market Value of Equity to Par Value of Regulatory Capital Stock - Up Shock (2) | 145 | | | | 142 | |
(1) Represents a down shock of 100200 basis points.
(2) Represents an up shock of 200 basis points.
A base case value below 100 percent could indicate that, in the remote event of an immediate liquidation scenario involving redemption of all capital stock, capital stock may be returned to stockholders at a value below par. This could be due to experiencing risks that lower the market value of capital and/or to having an insufficient amount of retained earnings. In 2021,2023, the market capitalization ratios in the scenarios presented continued to be above our policy requirements. The base case ratio at December 31, 20212023 was still well above 100 percent because retained earnings were 5134 percent of regulatory capital stock and we maintained stable market risk exposure.
The following table presents the market value of equity to the book value of total capital and mandatorily redeemable capital stock.
| | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | | | | | December 31, 2022 |
Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Base Case (Flat Rates) Scenario (1) | Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Base Case (Flat Rates) Scenario (1) | 101 | % | | | 97 | % | Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Base Case (Flat Rates) Scenario (1) | 93 | % | | | | 94 | % |
Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Down Shock (1)(2) | Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Down Shock (1)(2) | 101 | | | | 96 | |
Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Up Shock (1)(3) | Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Capital - Up Shock (1)(3) | 95 | | | | 96 | |
(1) Capital includes total capital and mandatorily redeemable capital stock.
(2) Represents a down shock of 100200 basis points.
(3) Represents an up shock of 200 basis points.
A base-case value below 100 percent indicatescan indicate that we have realized or could realize risks (especially market risk), such that the market value of total capital owned by stockholders is below the book value of total capital. The base-case ratio at December 31, 2023 indicates that the market value of total capital is $476 million below the book value of total capital. In a scenario in which interest rates increase 200 basis points, the market value of total capital would be $189$726 million below the book value of total capital. This indicates that in a liquidation scenario, stockholders would not receive the full sum of their total equity ownership in the FHLB. We believe the likelihood of a liquidation scenario is extremely remote; and therefore, we accept the risk of diluting equity ownership in such a scenario.remote.
Credit Risk
Overview
We believe our risk management practices, discussed below, minimize residual credit risk levels. We haveAt December 31, 2023, we had no loan loss reserves or impairment recorded for Credit Services, investments, or derivatives. We havederivatives and had a minimal amount of legacy credit risk exposure in the MPP.
Credit Services
Overview: We have policies and practices to manage credit risk exposure from our secured lending activities, which include Advances and Letters of Credit. The objective of our credit risk management activities is to equalize risk exposure across members and counterparties to a zero level of expected losses. This approach is consistent with our conservative risk management principles and desire to have no residual credit risk related to Advances and Letters of Credit.
Collateral: We require each member to provide a security interest in eligible collateral before it can undertake any secured borrowing. Eligible loan collateral types include the following: single- and multi-family residential, home equity, commercial real estate, government guaranteed and farm real estate. Eligible security types include those that are government or agency backed, along withhighly-rated municipal securities, and highly-rated private-label residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities. We have conservative eligibility criteria within each of the above asset types. The estimated value of pledged collateral is discounted in order to offset market, credit, and liquidity risks that may affect the collateral's realizable value in the event it must be liquidated. At December 31, 2021,2023, total eligible pledged collateral pledged of $425.2$518.6 billion resulted in total borrowing
capacity of $346.8$398.0 billion of which $57.6$120.7 billion was used to support outstanding Advances and Letters of Credit. Borrowers often pledge collateral in excess of their collateral requirement to demonstrate access to liquidity and to have the ability to borrow additional amounts in the future. Over-collateralization by one member is not applied to another member. The collateral composition remained relatively stable compared to the end of 2020.2022.
The table below shows total collateral pledged by type.
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| (Dollars in billions) | (Dollars in billions) | | Percent of Total | | | Percent of Total | (Dollars in billions) | | | Percent of Total | | | | Percent of Total |
| | | Eligible Collateral | | Pledged Collateral | | Eligible Collateral | | Pledged Collateral | | Eligible Collateral | | Pledged Collateral | | Eligible Collateral | | Pledged Collateral |
| Single-family loans | Single-family loans | $ | 258.8 | | | 61 | % | | $ | 226.6 | | | 57 | % | Single-family loans | $ | 346.7 | | | 67 | | 67 | % | | $ | 298.7 | | | 62 | | 62 | % |
| Multi-family loans | Multi-family loans | 59.5 | | | 14 | | | 60.0 | | | 15 | |
| Commercial real estate loans | Commercial real estate loans | 50.6 | | | 12 | | | 48.0 | | | 12 | |
| Bond Securities | Bond Securities | 30.0 | | | 7 | | | 26.1 | | | 7 | |
| Home equity loans/lines of credit | Home equity loans/lines of credit | 22.3 | | | 5 | | | 25.2 | | | 6 | |
| Farm real estate loans | |
| Government guaranteed loans | Government guaranteed loans | 3.3 | | | 1 | | | 12.4 | | | 3 | |
| Farm real estate loans | 0.7 | | | — | | | 0.7 | | | — | |
| Total | Total | $ | 425.2 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 399.0 | | | 100 | % | Total | $ | 518.6 | | | 100 | | 100 | % | | $ | 478.4 | | | 100 | | 100 | % |
At December 31, 2021, 662023, 71 percent of collateral was related to residential mortgage lending in single-family loans and home equity loans/lines of credit.
Our management of credit risk related to Advances and Letters of Credit includes risk-based variations in collateral requirements, including discounts or haircuts, eligibility criteria, form of valuation, custody arrangements, the level of detail in periodic reporting, and in blanket versus specific pledges,asset pledge requirements, as discussed below.
▪Haircuts. We discount collateral values for purposes of determining borrowing capacity. These haircuts result in lendable values that are less than the amount of pledged collateral. In general, higher discounts are applied to more risky forms of collateral and to collateral pledged by higher risk members.
▪Eligibility. The balances of loans and securities we lend against are subject to conservative eligibility criteria such that Advances and Letters of Credit are supported by high quality assets within each collateral type.
▪Custody. All pledged securities and loans pledged by higher risk members must be delivered into our custody or that of a third-party custodian that we have engaged.
▪Blanket versus Specific Pledge.Security Interest. Except under limited circumstances,Generally, we require members to grant us a member pledging loans under a blanket agreement to pledge all of their loans for a givensecurity interest in approved assets by specific collateral type.
▪Valuation. All members' securities collateral and individually listed loans are subject to a market valuation process to establish the borrowing base. For loan collateral, this involves submission of extensive loan level information, (on "Listings")or Detailed (Listing) Reporting, to facilitate the valuation process. Any member allowed to make a specific instead of a blanketasset pledge (non-depositories and certain highly-rated commercial banks) is required to submit this level of reporting.
We use third-party services and internally run models to regularly estimate market values of individually listed loan collateral. Third-party services use various proprietary models to estimate market values. Assumptions may be made on factors that affect collateral value, such as market liquidity, discount rates, prepayments, liquidation and servicing costs in the event of a default and economic and market conditions. We have policies and procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of collateral valuations.
Borrowing Capacity/Lendable Value: Lendable Value Rates (LVRs) represent the percent of collateral value net of the haircut. LVRs are determined byderived using scenario analysis, statistical analysis and management assumptions relating to historical price volatility, inherent credit risks, liquidation costs, and the current credit and economic environment. We apply LVR results to the estimated values of pledged assets. LVRs vary among pledged assets and members based on the member institution type, the financial strength of the member institution, the form of valuation, lien position, the issuer of bond collateral or the quality of securitized assets, the quality of the loan collateral as reflected in the manner in which it was underwritten, and the marketability of the pledged assets.
The table below indicates the range of LVRs forapplied at December 31, 2023 to each major collateral type pledged at December 31, 2021.type.
| | | | | |
| Lendable Value Rates Applied to Collateral |
Blanket Status:Summary (Blanket) Reporting: | |
| Prime 1-4 family loans | 71-80%65-71% |
| Multi-family loans | 61-79%64-74% |
| Prime home equity loans/lines of credit | 50-74%56-72% |
| Commercial real estate loans | 61-80%64-75% |
| Farm real estate loans | 63-83%66-73% |
Listing Status/Detailed (Listing) Reporting/Physical Delivery: | |
| Cash/U.S. Government/U.S. Treasury/U.S. agency securities | 85-100%87-100% |
| U.S. agency residential MBS/collateralized mortgage obligations | 86-94%87-95% |
| U.S. agency commercial MBS/collateralized mortgage obligations | 78-89%78-90% |
| Private-label residential MBS | 61-87%62-89% |
| Private-label commercial MBS | 48-84%49-85% |
| Municipal securities | 79-92%77-94% |
| SBA certificates | 85-91%87-92% |
| Prime 1-4 family loans | 71-86%71-84% |
| Multi-family loans | 64-86%69-86% |
| Prime home equity loans/lines of credit | 64-86%64-85% |
| Commercial real estate loans | 69-89%77-89% |
| Farm real estate loans | 64-87%70-83% |
| SBA Paycheck Protection Program loans | 10-90% |
The ranges of lendable values exclude subprime residential loan collateral. Loans pledged by lower risk members for which we require only high level, summary reporting of eligible balances are generally discounted more heavily than loans on which we have detailed loan structure and underwriting information. For any form of loan collateral, additional credit risk based adjustments may be made to an individual member’s collateral that results in a lower lendable value than that indicated in the above table.
Subprime Loan Collateral: We have policies and processes to identify subprime residential mortgage loans pledged by members. We perform collateral reviews to estimate the volume of subprime loans pledged by members in blanket status.members. Depending on the quality of underwriting and administration, we may subject these loans to lower LVRs.
Internal Credit Ratings: We perform credit underwriting of our members and nonmember institutions and assign them an internal credit rating on a scale of one to seven, with a higher number representing a less favorable assessment of the institution's financial condition. These credit ratings are based on internal and third-party ratings models, credit analyses and consideration of credit ratings from independent credit rating organizations. Credit ratings are used in conjunction with other measures of credit risk in managing secured credit risk exposure.
A less favorable credit rating can cause us to 1) decrease the institution's borrowing capacity via lower LVRs, 2) require the institution to provide an increased level of detail on pledged collateral, 3) require it to deliver collateral into our custody, 4) prompt us to more closely and/or frequently monitor the institution, and/or 5) limit the institution's exposure through borrowing restrictions (e.g., maturity restrictions on new Advances or restrictions on borrowing capacity from higher risk collateral sources).
The following tables show the distribution of internal credit ratings we assigned to member and nonmember institutions, which we use to help manage credit risk exposure.
| | (Dollars in billions) | (Dollars in billions) | | | | (Dollars in billions) | | | | |
| | December 31, 2023 | | | | December 31, 2023 | | | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 |
| | | | | Number | | Collateral-Based | | | Number | | Collateral-Based | | Number | | Collateral-Based | | | | Number | | Collateral-Based |
| Credit | Credit | | of | | Borrowing | | Credit | | of | | Borrowing | Credit | | of | | Borrowing | | Credit | | of | | Borrowing |
| Rating | Rating | | Institutions | | Capacity | | Rating | | Institutions | | Capacity | Rating | | Institutions | | Capacity | | Rating | | Institutions | | Capacity |
| 1-3 | 1-3 | | 470 | | | $ | 322.6 | | | 1-3 | | 441 | | | $ | 282.6 | |
| 4 | 4 | | 109 | | | 23.1 | | | 4 | | 141 | | | 31.7 | |
| 5 | 5 | | 29 | | | 0.9 | | | 5 | | 36 | | | 1.3 | |
| 6 | 6 | | 12 | | | 0.2 | | | 6 | | 13 | | | 0.3 | |
| 7 | 7 | | 3 | | | — | | | 7 | | 5 | | | — | |
| Total | Total | | 623 | | | $ | 346.8 | | | Total | | 636 | | | $ | 315.9 | |
We consider institutions with credit ratings of "1" through "4" to be financially sound. At December 31, 2021,2023, only 4455 institutions (seven(nine percent of the total) had credit ratings of "5" through "7,"7." a decrease of 10 institutions compared to the end of 2020. These institutions had $1.1$1.6 billion of borrowing capacity at December 31, 2021.2023. We believe the credit ratingratings distribution continues to show a financially sound membership base.
Member Failures, Closures, and Receiverships: There were no member failures in 2021.2023.
MPP
Overview: The residual amount of credit risk exposure to loans in the MPP is minimal, based on the following factors:
▪various credit enhancements for conventional loans, which are designed to protect us against credit losses;
▪conservative underwriting and loan characteristics consistent with favorable expected credit performance;
▪a small overall amount of delinquencies and defaults when compared to national averages;
▪a de minimis amount of credit losses totaling less than $0.1 million in 20212023 and $19.4 million since the introduction of the program in 2000, which represent an immaterial percentage of conventional loans' current unpaid principal balances at December 31, 2021 and of total purchases-to-date for the entire MPP; and
▪in addition to the low program-to-dateno credit losses based on financial analysis, we believe that future credit losses will not harm capital adequacy and will not significantly affect profitability except under the most extreme and unlikely credit conditions.in 2022.
Portfolio Loan Characteristics: The following table shows FICO® credit scores of homeowners at origination dates for the conventional loan portfolio.
| | FICO® Score (1) | |
FICO® Score (1) | |
FICO® Score (1) | FICO® Score (1) | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| < 620 | < 620 | | — | % | | — | % | < 620 | | — | % | | — | % |
| 620 to < 660 | 620 to < 660 | | — | | | — | |
| 660 to < 700 | 660 to < 700 | | 7 | | | 6 | |
| 700 to < 740 | 700 to < 740 | | 18 | | | 17 | |
| >= 740 | >= 740 | | 75 | | | 77 | |
| | Weighted Average | Weighted Average | | 763 | | | 765 | |
| Weighted Average | |
| Weighted Average | |
(1)Represents the FICO® score at origination.
The distribution of FICO® scores at origination as of December 31, 2021 were similar to those2023 was the same as that at year-end 2020.2022. The distribution of FICO® scores at origination is one indication of the portfolio's overall favorable credit quality. At December 31, 2021, 752023, 74 percent of the portfolio had scores at an excellent level of 740 or above and 9392 percent had scores above 700, which is a threshold generally considered indicative of homeowners with good credit quality.
The following tables show loan-to-value ratios for conventional loans based on values estimated at the origination dates and current values estimated at the noted periods. The estimated current ratios are based on original loan values, principal paydowns that have occurred since origination, and a third-party estimate of changes in historical home prices for the zip code in which each loan resides. Both measures are weighted by current unpaid principal.
| | | | | Based on Estimated Origination Value | | | Based On Estimated Current Value | | | Based on Estimated Origination Value | | | Based On Estimated Current Value |
| Loan-to-Value | Loan-to-Value | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | Loan-to-Value | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | Loan-to-Value | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 | | Loan-to-Value | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| <= 60% | <= 60% | | 17 | % | | 15 | % | | <= 60% | | 77 | % | | 60 | % | <= 60% | | 16 | % | | 16 | % | | <= 60% | | 77 | % | | 76 | % |
| > 60% to 70% | > 60% to 70% | | 18 | | | 16 | | | > 60% to 70% | | 14 | | | 28 | |
| > 70% to 80% | > 70% to 80% | | 53 | | | 55 | | | > 70% to 80% | | 7 | | | 11 | |
| > 80% to 90% | > 80% to 90% | | 8 | | | 9 | | | > 80% to 90% | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| > 90% | > 90% | | 4 | | | 5 | | | > 90% to 100% | | 1 | | | — | |
| | | | | > 100% | | — | | | — | |
| Weighted Average | Weighted Average | | 73 | % | | 73 | % | | Weighted Average | | 49 | % | | 55 | % | Weighted Average | | 73 | % | | 73 | % | | Weighted Average | | 48 | % | | 49 | % |
The levels of loan-to-value ratios are consistent with the portfolio's excellent credit quality. LoansThe percent of loans with current loan-to-value ratios of 60 percent and below increased to 77 percent of the total portfolio at December 31, 2021, which reflected2023 remained consistent with those at year-end 2022, as the approximately 18 percent average increasechanges in housing prices nationwide based on the most recent data available.home values have been relatively stable.
Based on the available data, we believe we have minimal exposure to loans in the MPP considered to have characteristics of “subprime” or “alternative/nontraditional” loans. Further, we do not knowingly purchase any loan that violates the terms of our Anti-Predatory Lending Policy.
The following table presents the geographical allocation based on the unpaid principal balance of conventional loans in the MPP.
| | | | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2022 |
| Ohio | Ohio | 63 | % | | Ohio | 63 | % | Ohio | 62 | % | | Ohio | 62 | % |
| Kentucky | Kentucky | 12 | | | Kentucky | 13 | |
| Indiana | Indiana | 9 | | | Indiana | 10 | |
| Tennessee | Tennessee | 4 | | | Tennessee | 3 | |
| Alabama | Alabama | 1 | | | Michigan | 1 | |
| All others | All others | 11 | | | All others | 10 | |
| Total | Total | 100 | % | | Total | 100 | % | Total | 100 | % | | Total | 100 | % |
Credit Enhancements: Conventional mortgage loans are primarily supported against credit losses by various combinationssome combination of primarycredit enhancements (primary mortgage insurance (PMI), supplemental mortgage insurance (SMI) (for loans purchased before February 2011), and the Lender Risk Account (LRA)). The LRA is a hold back of a portion of the initial purchase price to cover expectedpotential credit losses for a specific pool of loans.losses. Starting after five years from the loan purchase date, we may return the hold back to PFIs if they manage credit risk to predefined acceptable levels of exposure on the loan pools of loans they sell to us. As a result, some pools of loans may have sufficient credit enhancements to recapture all losses while other pools of loans may not. The LRA had balances of $252$239 million and $246$244 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively. For more information, see Note 6 of the Notes to Financial Statements.
Credit Performance: The table below provides an analysis of conventional loans delinquent or in the process of foreclosure, along with the national average serious delinquency rate.
| | Conventional Loan Delinquencies |
| Conventional Loan Delinquencies | | | Conventional Loan Delinquencies |
| (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
Early stage delinquencies - unpaid principal balance (1) | Early stage delinquencies - unpaid principal balance (1) | $ | 33 | | | $ | 49 | |
Serious delinquencies - unpaid principal balance (2) | Serious delinquencies - unpaid principal balance (2) | $ | 24 | | | $ | 64 | |
Early stage delinquency rate (3) | Early stage delinquency rate (3) | 0.5 | % | | 0.5 | % | Early stage delinquency rate (3) | 0.5 | % | | 0.5 | % |
Serious delinquency rate (4) | Serious delinquency rate (4) | 0.3 | % | | 0.7 | % | Serious delinquency rate (4) | 0.1 | % | | 0.2 | % |
National average serious delinquency rate (5) | National average serious delinquency rate (5) | 2.3 | % | | 3.7 | % | National average serious delinquency rate (5) | 1.1 | % | | 1.4 | % |
(1)Includes conventional loans 30 to 89 days delinquent and not in foreclosure.
(2)Includes conventional loans that are 90 days or more past due or where the decision of foreclosure or a similar alternative such as pursuit of deed-in-lieu has been reported.
(3)Early stage delinquencies expressed as a percentage of the total conventional loan portfolio.
(4)Serious delinquencies expressed as a percentage of the total conventional loan portfolio.
(5)National average number of fixed-rate prime and subprime conventional loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure is based on the most recent national delinquency data available. The December 31, 20212023 rate is based on September 30, 20212023 data.
In responseOverall, the MPP has experienced a minimal amount of delinquencies, with delinquency rates continuing to the COVID-19 pandemic, our mortgage loan servicers granted a forbearance period to borrowers who had COVID-19 related hardships such as illness, unemployment or loss of income when homeowners met certain eligibility requirements. These forbearances do not alter the underlying terms of the loans, and loans not paid timely are considered past due. As a result, serious delinquencies were elevated at December 31, 2021 and 2020. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, $8 million and $51 million of conventional loans with a serious delinquency were under a forbearance plan. Delinquencies at December 31, 2021 have decreased since year-end 2020 as fewer borrowers have requested temporary relief provisions for MPP loans.be well below national averages.
We consider a high risk loan as having a current loan-to-value ratio above 100 percent. At December 31, 2021, we2023, none of our loans had no loans with a current loan-to-value ratio above 100 percent. Historically, high risk loans have experienced a minimal amount of serious delinquencies. We believe these data further support our view that the overall portfolio is comprised of high-quality, well-performing loans.
Credit Losses: Residual credit risk exposure depends on the actual and potential credit performance of the loans in each pool compared to the pool's equity (on individual loans) and credit enhancements, including PMI, the LRA, and SMI.enhancements. Our available credit enhancements at December 31, 20212023 were ample and able to cover nearly all of the estimated gross credit losses. As a result, estimated credit losses at December 31, 20212023 were less than $1 million. Estimated credit losses, after credit enhancements, are accounted for in the allowance for credit losses or as a charge off (i.e., a reduction to the principal of mortgage loans held for portfolio). In addition, we have assessed that we do not have any credit risk exposure to our PMI providers, and our estimation of credit exposure to SMI providers was not material at December 31, 2021 or 2020.
Separate from our allowance for credit losses analysis, we regularly analyze potential adverse scenarios of lifetime credit risk exposure for the loans in the MPP. Even under severely adverse macroeconomic scenarios, we expect credit losses to remain minimal.low.
Investments
Liquidity Investments: We purchasehold liquidity investments from counterparties that have a strong ability to repay principal and interest. These investments can be easily converted to cash and may be unsecured, guaranteed or supported by the U.S. government, or secured (i.e., collateralized). For unsecured liquidity investments, we invest in the debt securitiesinstruments of highlyinvestment-grade rated investment-grade institutions, have appropriate and conservative limits on dollar and maturity exposure to each institution, and have strong credit underwriting practices, including active monitoring of credit quality of our counterparties and of the environment in which they operate.
Our unsecured liquidity investments to a counterparty or group of affiliated counterparties are limited by Finance Agency regulations to maturities of no more than nine months and limited to a dollar amount based on a percentage of eligible regulatory capital (defined as the lessor of our regulatory capital or the eligible amount of a counterparty's Tier 1 capital). The permissible percentage ranges from 1 percent to 15 percent. The permissible range is solely based on consideration of the internal credit risk ratings of unsecured counterparties as required by Finance Agency regulations.
The lowest long-term credit rating for a counterparty to which we are permitted to extend credit on an unsecured basis is double-B. However, we have generally only invested funds only in thoseon an unsecured basis with eligible institutions withthat have long-term credit ratings of at least single-A. In addition, we restrict maturities, reduce dollar exposure, and avoid new investments with counterparties we deem to represent elevated credit risk. Furthermore, a portion of our total liquidity investments are with counterparties for which the investments are secured with collateral (secured resale agreements). We believe these investments present no credit risk exposure to us.
The following table presents the carrying value of liquidity investments outstanding in relation to the counterparties' lowest long-term credit ratings provided by Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and/or Fitch Advisory Services. For resale agreements, the ratings shown are based on ratings of the associated collateral. Our internal ratings of these investments may differ from those obtained from Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and/or Fitch Advisory Services. The historical or current ratings displayed in this table should not be taken as an indication of future ratings.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | | December 31, 2021 |
| | Long-Term Rating |
| | AA | | A | | Total |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | | | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Long-Term Rating | | | | | Long-Term Rating |
| | | AA | | | | | AA | | A | | Unrated | | Total |
| Unsecured Liquidity Investments | Unsecured Liquidity Investments | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | Interest-bearing deposits | | $ | — | | | $ | 340 | | | $ | 340 | |
| Federal funds sold | Federal funds sold | | 975 | | | 4,530 | | | 5,505 | |
| | Total unsecured liquidity investments | Total unsecured liquidity investments | | 975 | | | 4,870 | | | 5,845 | |
| | Total unsecured liquidity investments | |
| | Total unsecured liquidity investments | |
| Guaranteed/Secured Liquidity Investments | Guaranteed/Secured Liquidity Investments | | | | | | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | 1,282 | | | — | | | 1,282 | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | | 9,577 | | | — | | | 9,577 | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | | 1,885 | | | — | | | 1,885 | |
| | Total guaranteed/secured liquidity investments | Total guaranteed/secured liquidity investments | | 12,744 | | | — | | | 12,744 | |
| Total guaranteed/secured liquidity investments | |
| Total guaranteed/secured liquidity investments | |
| Total liquidity investments | Total liquidity investments | | $ | 13,719 | | | $ | 4,870 | | | $ | 18,589 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2020 |
| | | Long-Term Rating |
| | | AA | | A | | Total |
| Unsecured Liquidity Investments | | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | | | $ | — | | | $ | 555 | | | $ | 555 | |
| Federal funds sold | | | 500 | | | 3,740 | | | 4,240 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total unsecured liquidity investments | | | 500 | | | 4,295 | | | 4,795 | |
| Guaranteed/Secured Liquidity Investments | | | | | | | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | | 1,818 | | | — | | | 1,818 | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | | | 8,404 | | | — | | | 8,404 | |
| GSE obligations | | | 2,268 | | | — | | | 2,268 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total guaranteed/secured liquidity investments | | | 12,490 | | | — | | | 12,490 | |
| Total liquidity investments | | | $ | 12,990 | | | $ | 4,295 | | | $ | 17,285 | |
LiquiditySome counterparties used to transact our securities purchased under agreements to resell are not rated by an NRSRO because they are not issuers of debt or are otherwise not required to be rated by an NRSRO. However, each of the counterparties are considered to have the equivalent of at least an investment grade rating based on our internal ratings resulting from a fundamental credit analysis. Securities purchased under agreements to resell are secured by the following types of collateral: U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. agency/GSE obligations, or U.S. agency/GSE MBS. At December 31, 2023, the collateral received had long-term credit ratings of AA, based on the lowest long-term credit ratings of the issuer as provided by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, and/or Fitch Advisory Services. The terms of our securities purchased under agreements to resell are structured such that if the fair value of the underlying securities decreases below the fair value required as collateral, the counterparty must place an equivalent amount of additional securities as collateral or remit an equivalent amount of cash. Additionally, these investments were lowerprimarily mature overnight. All overnight investments in securities purchased under agreements to resell outstanding at December 31, 2020 due2023 were repaid according to holding more of our liquidity portfolio as deposits at the Federal Reserve in anticipation of volatile market conditions.their respective contractual terms.
The following table presents the lowest long-term credit ratings provided by Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and/or Fitch Advisory Services of our unsecured investment credit exposure by the domicile of the counterparty or the domicile of the counterparty's immediate parent for U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks. Our internal ratings of these investments may differ from those obtained from Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and/or Fitch Advisory Services. The historical or current ratings displayed in this table should not be taken as an indication of future ratings.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | | December 31, 2021 | (In millions) | | December 31, 2023 |
| Counterparty Rating | |
| | Counterparty Rating | |
| Domicile of Counterparty | |
| Domicile of Counterparty | |
| Domicile of Counterparty | Domicile of Counterparty | | AA | | A | | Total | | AA | | A | | Total |
| Domestic | Domestic | | $ | — | | | $ | 340 | | | $ | 340 | |
| U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks: | U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks: | |
| Canada | Canada | | 675 | | | 2,025 | | | 2,700 | |
| Canada | |
| Canada | |
| France | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Finland | |
| Australia | Australia | | — | | | 1,055 | | | 1,055 | |
| Netherlands | Netherlands | | — | | | 600 | | | 600 | |
| Germany | Germany | | — | | | 425 | | | 425 | |
| France | | — | | | 425 | | | 425 | |
| Finland | | 300 | | | — | | | 300 | |
| | Total U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks | Total U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks | | 975 | | | 4,530 | | | 5,505 | |
| | Total U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks | |
| | Total U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks | |
| Total unsecured investment credit exposure | Total unsecured investment credit exposure | | $ | 975 | | | $ | 4,870 | | | $ | 5,845 | |
The following table presents the remaining contractual maturity of our unsecured investment credit exposure by the domicile of the counterparty or the domicile of the counterparty's immediate parent for U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | December 31, 2021 |
| Domicile of Counterparty | | Overnight | | | | | | | | Total |
| Domestic | | $ | 340 | | | | | | | | | $ | 340 | |
| U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Canada | | 2,700 | | | | | | | | | 2,700 | |
| Australia | | 1,055 | | | | | | | | | 1,055 | |
| Netherlands | | 600 | | | | | | | | | 600 | |
| Germany | | 425 | | | | | | | | | 425 | |
| France | | 425 | | | | | | | | | 425 | |
| Finland | | 300 | | | | | | | | | 300 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Total U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks | | 5,505 | | | | | | | | | 5,505 | |
| Total unsecured investment credit exposure | | $ | 5,845 | | | | | | | | | $ | 5,845 | |
We restrict a significant portion of unsecured lending to overnight maturities, which further limits risk exposure to these counterparties. By Finance Agency regulation, all counterparties exposed to non-U.S. countries are required to be domestic U.S. branches of foreign counterparties.
MBS:
GSE MBS
At December 31, 2021, $9.72023, $18.1 billion of MBS held were GSE securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which provide credit safeguards by guaranteeing either timely or ultimate payments of principal and interest. We believe that the conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac lower the chance that they would not be able to fulfill their credit guarantees. In addition, based on the data available to us and our purchase practices, we believe that most of the mortgage loans backing our GSE MBS are of high quality with acceptable credit performance.
MBS Issued by Other Government Agencies
We also invest in MBS issued and guaranteed by Ginnie Mae. These investments totaled $1.1 billion at December 31, 2021.2023. We believe that the strength of Ginnie Mae's guarantee and backing by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government is sufficient to protect us against credit losses on these securities.
Derivatives
Credit Risk Exposure: We mitigate most of the credit risk exposure resulting from derivative transactions through collateralization or use of daily settled contracts. The table below presents the lowest long-term counterparty credit ratings provided by Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and/or Fitch Advisory Services for derivative positions to which we had credit risk exposure at December 31, 2021.2023. The ratings displayed in this table should not be taken as an indication of future ratings.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | | | | (In millions) | | Total Notional | | Net Derivatives Fair Value Before Collateral | | Cash Collateral Pledged to (from) Counterparties | | Non-cash Collateral Pledged to (from) Counterparties | | Net Credit Exposure to Counterparties |
| Total Notional | | Net Derivatives Fair Value Before Collateral | | Cash Collateral Pledged to (from) Counterparties | | Net Credit Exposure to Counterparties |
| Nonmember counterparties: | Nonmember counterparties: | | | | | | | | |
| Asset positions with credit exposure: | Asset positions with credit exposure: | |
| Asset positions with credit exposure: | |
| Asset positions with credit exposure: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | Uncleared derivatives: | |
| | AA-rated | AA-rated | | $ | 155 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | AA-rated | |
| | AA-rated | |
| A-rated | |
| BBB-rated | |
| Total uncleared derivatives | |
| | Liability positions with credit exposure: | |
| Liability positions with credit exposure: | |
| Liability positions with credit exposure: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | |
| | A-rated | |
| | A-rated | |
| | A-rated | A-rated | | 66 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | Total uncleared derivatives | Total uncleared derivatives | | 221 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Cleared derivatives (1) | | 26,552 | | | 1 | | | 160 | | | 161 | |
| Liability positions with credit exposure: | |
| Uncleared derivatives: | |
| | BBB-rated | | 208 | | | (13) | | | 13 | | | — | |
| Total uncleared derivatives | |
| Total uncleared derivatives | Total uncleared derivatives | | 208 | | | (13) | | | 13 | | | — | |
Cleared derivatives (1) | Cleared derivatives (1) | | 8,734 | | | — | | | 137 | | | 137 | |
| Total derivative positions with credit exposure to nonmember counterparties | | 35,715 | | | (12) | | | 310 | | | 298 | |
| Member institutions (2) | |
Member institutions (2) | |
Member institutions (2) | Member institutions (2) | | 38 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 35,753 | | | $ | (12) | | | $ | 310 | | | $ | 298 | |
(1)Represents derivative transactions cleared with LCH Ltd. and CME Clearing, the FHLB's clearinghouses. LCH Ltd. is rated AA- by Standard & Poor's, and CME Clearing is not rated, but its parent company, CME Group Inc., is rated Aa3 by Moody's and AA- by Standard & Poor's.
(2)Represents Mandatory Delivery Contracts.
Our exposure to cleared derivatives is primarily associated with the requirement to post initial margin through the clearing agent to the Derivatives Clearing Organizations. We may pledge both cash and non-cash (i.e., securities) as collateral to satisfy this initial margin requirement. However, the use of cleared derivatives mitigates credit risk exposure because a central counterparty is substituted for individual counterparties.
At December 31, 2021,2023, the net exposure of uncleared derivatives with residual credit risk exposure was less than $1$11 million. If interest rates rise or the composition of our derivatives change resulting in an increase to our gross exposure to uncleared derivatives, the contractual collateral provisions in these derivatives would limit our net exposure to acceptable levels.
Although we cannot predict if we will realize credit risk losses from any of our derivatives counterparties, we believe that all of the counterparties will be able to continue making timely interest payments and, more generally, to continue to satisfy the terms and conditions of their derivative contracts with us. As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had $0.4$0.1 billion of notional principalamount of interest rate swaps with a subsidiary of our member, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which also had outstanding credit services with us. Due to the amount of market value collateralization, weWe had no outstanding credit exposure to this counterparty related to interest rate swaps outstanding.outstanding given the collateral exchanged.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity Overview
We strive to be in a liquidity position at all times to meet the borrowing needs of our members and to meet all current and future financial commitments. This objective is achieved by managing liquidity positions to maintain stable, reliable, and cost-effective sources of funds while taking into account market conditions, member demand, and the maturity profile of assets and liabilities. OurAt December 31, 2023, our liquidity position compliescomplied with the FHLBank Act, Finance Agency regulations, and internal policies.
The FHLBank System's primary source of funds is the sale of Consolidated Obligations in the capital markets. Our ability to obtain funds through the sale of Consolidated Obligations at acceptable interest costs depends on the financial market's perception of the riskiness of the Obligations and on prevailing conditions in the capital markets, particularly the short-term capital markets. The System's favorable debt ratings, the implicit U.S. government backing ofwhich takes into account our debt,status as a GSE, and our effective risk management practices are instrumental in ensuring stable and satisfactory access to the capital markets.
We believe our liquidity position, as well as that of the System, continued to be strong during 2021.2023. Our overall ability to effectively fund our operations through debt issuances remained sufficient. Investor demand for System debt was robust in 2021,2023, as investors continued to prefer short-term, high-quality money market instruments. We believe the possibilitythere is a low probability of a liquidity or funding crisis in the System that would impair our ability to participate, on a cost-effective basis, in issuances of debt, service outstanding debt, maintain adequate capitalization, or pay competitive dividends is remote.dividends.
The System works collectively to manage and monitor the System-wide liquidity and funding risks. Liquidity risk includes the risk that the System could have difficulty rolling over short-term Obligations when market conditions change, also called refinancing risk. The System has a large reliance on short-term funding; therefore, it has a sharp focus on managing liquidity risk to very low levels. As shown on the Statements of Cash Flows, in 2021,2023, our portion of the System's debt issuances totaled $193.5$171.5 billion for Discount Notes and $33.8$137.5 billion for Bonds. Access to short-term debt markets has been reliable because investors, driven by liquidity preferences and risk aversion, have sought the System’s short-term debt, which has resulted in strong demand for debt maturing in one year or less.
See the Notes to Financial Statements for more detailed information regarding maturities of certain financial assets and liabilities which are instrumental in determining the amount of liquidity risk. In addition to contractual maturities, other assumptions regarding cash flows such as estimated prepayments, embedded call optionality, and scheduled amortization are considered when managing liquidity risks.
Liquidity Management and Regulatory Requirements
We manage liquidity risk by ensuring compliance with our regulatory liquidity requirements and regularly monitoring other metrics.
The Finance Agency establishes the expectations with respect to the maintenance of sufficient liquidity without access to the capital markets for a specified number of days, which was set as a period of between 10 to 30 calendar days in the base case. Under these expectations, all Advance maturities are assumed to renew, unless the Advances relate to former members who are ineligible to borrow new Advances. The maintenance of sufficient liquidity each day is intended to provide additional assurance that we can continue to provide Advances and Letters of Credit to members over an extended period without access to the capital markets. AsWith one exception, we were in compliance with these liquidity requirements at all times during 2023. On one day in the first quarter of December 31, 2021,2023, our regulatory liquidity balances fell below 10 calendar days because of positive daily cash balances were within these expectations.unusually large and unforeseen Advance demand in connection with the stress placed on the banking industry and financial markets in March 2023.
The Finance Agency also provides guidance related to asset/liability maturity funding gap limits. Funding gap metrics measure the difference between assets and liabilities that are scheduled to mature during a specified period of time and are expressed as a percentage of total assets. Although subject to change depending on conditions in the financial markets, the current regulatory requirement for funding gaps is between -10 percent to -20 percent for the three-month maturity horizon and is between -25 percent to -35 percent for the one-year maturity horizon. As of December 31, 2021,During 2023, we were operatingoperated within those limits.
To support our member deposits, we also must meet a statutory deposit reserve requirement. The sum of our investments in obligations of the United States, deposits in eligible banks or trust companies, and Advances with a final maturity not exceeding five years must equal or exceed the current amount of member deposits. The following table presents the components of this liquidity requirement.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | (In millions) | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Deposit Reserve Requirement | Deposit Reserve Requirement | | | |
| Total Eligible Deposit Reserves | Total Eligible Deposit Reserves | $ | 35,230 | | | $ | 37,185 | |
| Total Eligible Deposit Reserves | |
| Total Eligible Deposit Reserves | |
| Total Member Deposits | Total Member Deposits | (1,416) | | | (1,327) | |
| Excess Deposit Reserves | Excess Deposit Reserves | $ | 33,814 | | | $ | 35,858 | |
Member Concentration Risk
We regularly assess concentration risks from business activity. We believe that the concentration of Advance activity is consistent with our risk management philosophy, and the impact of borrower concentration on market risk, credit risk, and operational risk, after considering mitigating controls, is minimal.
We believe the effect on credit risk exposure from borrower concentration is minimal because of our application of credit risk mitigations, the most important of which is over-collateralization of borrowings. In the remote possibility of failure of a member to whom we lent a large amount of Advances, combined with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's decision not to repay Advances, we would implement our member failure plan. Our member failure plan, which we test periodically, would liquidate collateral to recover losses from losing principal and interest on the Advance balances.
Advance concentration has a minimal effect on market risk exposure because Advances are largely funded by Consolidated Obligations and interest rate swaps that have similar interest rate characteristics. Furthermore, additional increases in Advance concentration would not materially affect capital adequacy because Advance growth is supported by new purchases of capital stock as required by the Capital Plan.
Operational Risks
Operational risk is defined as the risk of an unexpected loss resulting from human error, fraud, inability to enforce legal contracts, or deficiencies in internal controls or information systems. We mitigate operational risks through adherence to internal policies, conformance with entity level controls, and through an emphasis on the importance of risk management, as further discussed below. In addition, the Internal Audit Department, which reports directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, regularly monitors and tests compliance with our policies, procedures and applicable regulatory requirements.
Internal Department Procedures and Controls
Each of our departments maintains and regularly reviews and enhances, as needed, a system of internal procedures and controls, including those that address proper segregation of duties. Each system is designed to prevent any one individual from processing the entirety of a transaction that affects member accounts, correspondent FHLB accounts or third-party servicers providing support to us. We review daily and periodic transaction activity reports in a timely manner to detect erroneous or fraudulent activity. Procedures and controls also are assessed on an enterprise-wide basis, independently from the business unit departments. We also are in compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Sections 302 and 404, which focus on the control environment over financial reporting.
Information Systems
We rely heavily upon internal and third-party information systems and other technology to conduct and manage our business. Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Our computer systems, software and networks may be subjected to cyberattacks (e.g., breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events) that could jeopardize the confidentiality or integrity of such information, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations.
We mitigate the risk associated with cyberattacks through the implementation of multiple layers of security controls. Administrative, physical, and logical controls are in place for establishing, administering and actively monitoring system access, sensitive data, and system change. Additionally, separate groups within our organization and/or third parties test the strength of our security controls and responses, and recommend changes as needed to bolster resilience to security risks.
See Item 1C. Cybersecurity for further discussion.
Disaster Recovery Provisions
We have a Business Resiliency Management Plan that provides us with the ability to maintain operations in various scenarios of business disruption. We review and update this plan periodically to ensure that it serves our changing operational needs and those of our members. In case of business disruptions, we have an off-site facility in a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, which is kept ready for use and tested at least annually, and employees are set up to work from home. We also have a back-up agreement in place with another FHLBank in the event that both of our Cincinnati-based facilities are inoperable.
Insurance Coverage
We have insurance coverage for cyber risks, employee fraud, forgery and wrongdoing, and Directors' and Officers' liability. This coverage primarily provides protection for claims alleging breach of duty, misappropriation of funds, neglect, acts of omission, employment practices, and fiduciary liability. We also have property, casualty, computer equipment, automobile, and various other types of coverage.
Human Resources Policies and Procedures
The risks associated with our Human Resources function are categorized as either Employment Practices Risk or Human Capital Risk. Employment Practices Risk is the potential failure to properly administer our policies regarding employment practices and compensation and benefit programs for eligible staff and retirees, and the potential failure to observe and properly comply with federal, state and municipal laws and regulations. Human Capital Risk is the potential inability to attract and retain appropriate levels of qualified human resources to maintain efficient operations.
Comprehensive policies and procedures are in place to limit Employment Practices Risk. These are supported by an established internal control system that is routinely monitored and audited.
Human Capital Risk is the potential inability to attract and retain appropriate levels of qualified human resources to maintain efficient operations. With respect to Human Capital Risk, we strive to maintain a competitive salary and benefit structure, which is regularly reviewed and updated as appropriate to attract and retain qualified staff. In addition, we have a management succession plan that is reviewed and approved by our Board of Directors. See "Human Capital Resources" in Item 1. Business for further discussion.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Introduction
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities (if applicable), and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported periods. Although management believes its judgments, estimates, and assumptions are reasonable, actual results may differ and other parties could arrive at different conclusions.
WeGiven the assumptions and judgment used, we have identified the followingfair value measurement of interest rate derivatives and hedged items as our critical accounting policies that require management to make subjective or complex judgments about inherently uncertain matters.estimate. Our financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected under different conditions or different assumptions related to thesethis accounting policies.estimate.
Accounting forFair Value Measurement of Interest Rate Derivatives and Hedging Activity
In accordance with Finance Agency regulations, we execute all derivatives to manage market risk exposure, not for speculation or solely for earnings enhancement. We record derivative instruments at their fair values on the Statements of Condition, and we record changes in these fair values in current period earnings. We strive to ensure that our use of derivatives maximizes the probability that they are highly effective in offsetting changes in the market values of the designated balance sheet instruments.
Fair Value Hedges
As indicated ininstruments, as applicable. The judgments and assumptions that are most critical to the "Useapplication of Derivatives in Market Risk Management" sectionthis accounting policy are those affecting the estimation of "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management," we designate a portion of our derivatives as fair value hedges. Fair value hedge accounting permits the changes in fair values of derivative instruments and the related hedged risk initems, which may have a significant impact on the hedged instruments to be recorded in the current period, thus offsetting the change in fair valueresults reported. At December 31, 2023, our derivatives portfolio included notional amounts of the derivatives. For derivatives$41.4 billion accounted for as fair value hedges generallyand $37.1 billion accounted for as economic hedges and the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities was $102.0 million and $9.8 million, respectively.
Our interest rate related derivatives (swaps and swaptions) are traded in the over-the-counter market. Therefore, we determine the fair value of each individual instrument using market value models that use readily observable market inputs as their basis (inputs that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources). The fair value determination uses the standard valuation technique of discounted cash flow analysis, which uses observable market inputs, such as discount rate, forward interest rate, and volatility assumptions. Observable market inputs are those that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources.
For derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges, the hedged risk is generally designated to be changes in the eligible benchmark interest rate. The result is that there has been a relatively small amount of unrealized earnings volatility from hedging market risk with derivatives.
In order to determine if a derivative qualifies for fair value hedge accounting, we must assess how effective the derivative has been, and is expected to be, in hedging changes in the fair values of the risk being hedged. EachHowever, each month, we perform effectiveness testing using a consistently applied standard statistical methodology, regression analysis, which measures the degree of correlation and relationship between the changes in fair values of the derivative and hedged instrument. The results of the statistical measures must pass predefined threshold values to enable us to conclude that the changes in fair values of the derivative transaction have a close correlation with the changes in fair values of the hedged instrument. If any measure is outside of its respective tolerance, the hedge would no longer qualify for fair value hedge accounting. This means we must then record the fair value change of the derivative in current earnings without any offset in the fair value change of the related hedged instrument. Due to the intentional matching of terms between the derivative and the hedged instrument, we expect that failing an effectiveness test will be infrequent, which has been the case historically.
If a derivative/hedged instrument transaction fails effectiveness testing, it does not mean that the hedge relationship is no longer successful in achieving its intended economic purpose. For example, a Consolidated Obligation hedged with an interest rate swap creates adjustable-rate funding, which is used to match fund adjustable-rate and other short-term Advances. The hedge achieves the desired result (matching the net funding with the asset) because, economically, the Advance is part of the overall hedging strategy and the reason for engaging in the derivative transaction.
Each month, wealso compute fair values on all derivatives and related hedged instruments across a range of interest rate scenarios.scenarios to understand the sensitivity to interest rate changes. For derivatives
receiving long-haul fair value hedge accounting, the additional amount of earnings volatility under an assumption of stressed interest rate environments as of year-end 20212023 was in a range of negative $3$5 million to negativepositive $8 million. This range is minimal compared to the notional principal amount.
Fair Value Option—Economic Hedge
We account forIn addition to fair value hedges, a portion of Advance and Consolidated Obligation-relatedour derivatives using an accounting election called "fair value option," which is included in theare considered economic hedge category. An economic hedge under the fair value option does not require passing effectiveness testinghedges. In order to permithelp offset the derivative's fair market value to be offset with the market value of the hedged instrument, we hold related investments as is required under a fairtrading securities or make an accounting election called "fair value hedge. However, it recordsoption" for other instruments, as applicable. Under these elections, we record the fair market value of the hedged instrumentinstruments (e.g., certain Advances, investment securities, Bonds and Discount Notes) at itstheir full fair value instead of only the value related to the benchmark interest rate. See Note 15 of the Notes to Financial Statements for discussion of the valuation methodologies and primary inputs used to develop the fair value measurement for these instruments. The effect of electing full fair value is that the hedged instrument's market value includes the impact of changes in spreads between the designated benchmark interest rate and the interest rate index related to the hedged instrument, as well as other risk components, such as liquidity. Therefore, full fair value results in a different kind of unrealized earnings volatility, which could be higher or lower, compared to accounting under fair value hedge treatment.
Fair Values
We carry certain assets and liabilities on However, the Statement of Conditions at estimated fair value, including allvalues of the derivatives investments classified as available-for-sale and trading, and any financial instruments where we electedhedged items in the fair value option. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Because our financial instruments generallyeconomic hedge category do not have available quoted market prices, we determineany cumulative economic effect if the derivative and the hedged item are held to maturity, or contain mutual optional termination provisions at par. Since these fair values based on 1) our valuation modelsfluctuate throughout the hedge period and eventually return to zero (derivative) or 2) dealer indications, which may be basedpar value (hedged item) on the dealers' own valuation models and/maturity or pricesoption exercise date, the earnings impact of similar instruments.
Valuation models and their underlying assumptions are based on the best estimates of management with respect to discount rates, prepayments, market volatility, and other factors. These assumptions may have a significant effect on the reported fair values of assets and liabilities, and the income and expense related thereto. The use of different assumptions or changes in the models and assumptions, as well as changes in market conditions, could result in materially different net income and retained earnings.
We have control processes designed to ensure that fair value measurements are appropriate and reliable,changes is only a timing issue for hedging relationships that they are based on observable inputs wherever possible and that our valuation approaches and assumptions are reasonable and consistently applied. Where applicable, valuations are also comparedremain outstanding to alternative external market data (e.g., quoted market prices, brokermaturity or dealer indications, pricing services and comparative analyses to similar instruments). For further discussion regarding how we measure financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value, see Note 15 of the Notes to Financial Statements.
We categorize each of our financial instruments carried at fair value into one of three levels in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy is based upon the transparency (observable or unobservable) of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources (Levels 1 and 2), while unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions of market variables (Level 3). Management utilizes valuation techniques that
maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Because items classified as Level 3 are valued using significant unobservable inputs, the process for determining the fair value of these items is generally more subjective and involves a high degree of management judgment and use of assumptions. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, all of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
See Note 2 of the Notes to Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards and interpretations.
OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Investments
Data on investments for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 are provided in the tables below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | Carrying Value at December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 340 | | | $ | 555 | | | $ | 550 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 1,282 | | | 1,818 | | | 2,349 | |
| Federal funds sold | 5,505 | | | 4,240 | | | 4,833 | |
| Trading securities: | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | 5,031 | | | 8,362 | | | 9,627 | |
| GSE obligations | 1,750 | | | 2,126 | | | 1,988 | |
| MBS: | | | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Total trading securities | 6,781 | | | 10,488 | | | 11,616 | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | |
| Certificates of deposit | — | | | — | | | 1,410 | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | 4,499 | | | — | | | — | |
| GSE obligations | 135 | | | 142 | | | 132 | |
| MBS: | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family | 633 | | | 150 | | | — | |
| Total available-for-sale securities | 5,267 | | | 292 | | | 1,542 | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | 47 | | | 42 | | | 35 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| MBS: | | | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | 1,057 | | | 986 | | | 1,671 | |
| GSE single-family | 1,860 | | | 3,013 | | | 4,500 | |
| GSE multi-family | 7,253 | | | 5,607 | | | 7,293 | |
| | | | | |
| Total held-to-maturity securities | 10,217 | | | 9,648 | | | 13,499 | |
| Total securities | 22,265 | | | 20,428 | | | 26,657 | |
| Total investments | $ | 29,392 | | | $ | 27,041 | | | $ | 34,389 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | Carrying Value at December 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 1,875 | | | $ | 1,770 | | | $ | 340 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 5,242 | | | 520 | | | 1,282 | |
| Federal funds sold | 6,774 | | | 5,399 | | | 5,505 | |
| Trading securities: | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | 249 | | | 492 | | | 5,031 | |
| GSE obligations | 1,497 | | | 1,488 | | | 1,750 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total trading securities | 1,746 | | | 1,980 | | | 6,781 | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | 7,612 | | | 7,194 | | | 4,499 | |
| GSE obligations | 120 | | | 118 | | | 135 | |
| MBS: | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family | 2,440 | | | 1,320 | | | 633 | |
| Total available-for-sale securities | 10,172 | | | 8,632 | | | 5,267 | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | 49 | | | 47 | | | 47 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| MBS: | | | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | 1,109 | | | 1,232 | | | 1,057 | |
| GSE single-family | 3,147 | | | 1,632 | | | 1,860 | |
| GSE multi-family | 12,527 | | | 12,393 | | | 7,253 | |
| | | | | |
| Total held-to-maturity securities | 16,832 | | | 15,304 | | | 10,217 | |
| Total securities | 28,750 | | | 25,916 | | | 22,265 | |
| Total investments | $ | 42,641 | | | $ | 33,605 | | | $ | 29,392 | |
As of December 31, 2021,2023, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities had the following maturity and yield characteristics.
| | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | Due in one year or less | Due after one year through five years | Due after five through 10 years | Due after 10 years | Carrying Value | (Dollars in millions) | Due in one year or less | Due after one year through five years | Due after five through 10 years | Due after 10 years | Carrying Value |
| Available-for-sale securities: | Available-for-sale securities: | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 4,499 | | $ | — | | $ | 4,499 | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | — | | 82 | | 40 | | 13 | | 135 | |
MBS (1): | MBS (1): | |
| GSE multi-family | |
| GSE multi-family | |
| GSE multi-family | GSE multi-family | — | | — | | 472 | | 161 | | 633 | |
| Total available-for-sale securities | Total available-for-sale securities | $ | — | | $ | 82 | | $ | 5,011 | | $ | 174 | | $ | 5,267 | |
Yield on available-for sale securities (2) | Yield on available-for sale securities (2) | — | % | 2.90 | % | 1.27 | % | 1.97 | % | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | Held-to-maturity securities: | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 47 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 47 | |
| MBS (1): | MBS (1): | |
| MBS (1): | |
| MBS (1): | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | U.S. obligation single-family | — | | — | | — | | 1,057 | | 1,057 | |
| GSE single-family | GSE single-family | — | | 8 | | 3 | | 1,849 | | 1,860 | |
| GSE multi-family | GSE multi-family | — | | 1,101 | | 5,760 | | 392 | | 7,253 | |
| | Total held-to-maturity securities | Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 47 | | $ | 1,109 | | $ | 5,763 | | $ | 3,298 | | $ | 10,217 | |
| Total held-to-maturity securities | |
| Total held-to-maturity securities | |
Yield on held-to-maturity securities (2) | Yield on held-to-maturity securities (2) | 0.04 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.42 | % | 3.56 | % | |
(1)MBS allocated based on contractual principal maturities assuming no prepayments.
(2)The yields on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities represent weighted averages of the coupon rates adjusted by the impact of amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts for the total debt securities in the applicable portfolio.
Advances
The following table presents Advances by product type and redemption term, including index-amortizing Advances, which are presented according to their predetermined amortization schedules.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | December 31, | (In millions) | December 31, |
| Types of Advances by Redemption Term | Types of Advances by Redemption Term | 2021 | | 2020 | Types of Advances by Redemption Term | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Fixed-rate: | Fixed-rate: | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | 10,845 | | | $ | 9,208 | |
| Due after 1 year through 3 years | Due after 1 year through 3 years | 2,765 | | | 2,513 | |
| Due after 3 years through 5 years | Due after 3 years through 5 years | 1,176 | | | 2,063 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | 520 | | | 630 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 3 | | | 3 | |
| Total par value | Total par value | 15,309 | | | 14,417 | |
Fixed-rate, callable or prepayable (1): | Fixed-rate, callable or prepayable (1): | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | — | | | 11 | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due after 1 year through 3 years | Due after 1 year through 3 years | 19 | | | — | |
| Due after 3 years through 5 years | Due after 3 years through 5 years | — | | | 19 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | 21 | | | 22 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | — | | | — | |
| Total par value | Total par value | 40 | | | 52 | |
| Fixed-rate, putable: | Fixed-rate, putable: | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | — | | | — | |
| Due after 1 year through 3 years | Due after 1 year through 3 years | 34 | | | 20 | |
| Due after 3 years through 5 years | Due after 3 years through 5 years | 23 | | | 64 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | 2,410 | | | 2,573 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | — | | | — | |
| Total par value | Total par value | 2,467 | | | 2,657 | |
| Variable-rate: | Variable-rate: | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | 86 | | | 1,082 | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due after 1 year through 3 years | Due after 1 year through 3 years | 3 | | | — | |
| Due after 3 years through 5 years | Due after 3 years through 5 years | 116 | | | 118 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | — | | | — | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | — | | | — | |
| Total par value | Total par value | 205 | | | 1,200 | |
Variable-rate, callable or prepayable (1): | Variable-rate, callable or prepayable (1): | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | 361 | | | 1,301 | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due after 1 year through 3 years | Due after 1 year through 3 years | 11 | | | 300 | |
| Due after 3 years through 5 years | Due after 3 years through 5 years | 3,004 | | | 1,510 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | — | | | 1,500 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | — | | | — | |
| Total par value | Total par value | 3,376 | | | 4,611 | |
Other (2) : | Other (2) : | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | 317 | | | 463 | |
| Due after 1 year through 3 years | Due after 1 year through 3 years | 452 | | | 598 | |
| Due after 3 years through 5 years | Due after 3 years through 5 years | 336 | | | 396 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | 437 | | | 595 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 15 | | | 18 | |
| Total par value | Total par value | 1,557 | | | 2,070 | |
| | Total par value Advances | Total par value Advances | $ | 22,954 | | | $ | 25,007 | |
| | Total par value Advances | |
| | Total par value Advances | |
|
(1)Prepayable Advances are those Advances that may be contractually prepaid by the borrower on specified dates without incurring prepayment or termination fees.
(2)Includes fixed-rate amortizing/mortgage matched and other fixed-rate Advances.
Mortgage Loans
The following table presents mortgage loan redemptions according to their predetermined amortization schedules. All of our mortgage loans have fixed rates.
| | (In millions) | (In millions) | December 31, | (In millions) | December 31, |
| Redemption Term | Redemption Term | 2021 | | 2020 | Redemption Term | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | 265 | | | $ | 312 | |
| Due after 1 year through 5 years | Due after 1 year through 5 years | 1,107 | | | 1,324 | |
| Due after 5 years through 15 years | Due after 5 years through 15 years | 2,752 | | | 3,403 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 3,278 | | | 4,277 | |
| Total unpaid principal balance | Total unpaid principal balance | $ | 7,402 | | | $ | 9,316 | |
The following table presents certain credit risk related balances and ratios for mortgage loans.
| | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Unpaid Principal Balance | Unpaid Principal Balance | | | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | Mortgage loans held for portfolio | $ | 7,402 | | | $ | 9,316 | |
| Average loans outstanding during the period | Average loans outstanding during the period | 7,931 | | | 10,995 | |
| Non-accrual loans | Non-accrual loans | 2 | | | 7 | |
| Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans held for portfolio | Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans held for portfolio | — | | | — | |
| Net charge-offs | Net charge-offs | — | | | — | |
| Ratios (1) | Ratios (1) | |
Ratios (1) | |
Ratios (1) | |
| Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period | |
| Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period | |
| Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period | Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period | — | % | | — | % | — | % | | — | % |
| Allowance for credit losses to mortgage loans held for portfolio | Allowance for credit losses to mortgage loans held for portfolio | — | | | — | |
| Non-accrual loans to mortgage loans held for portfolio | Non-accrual loans to mortgage loans held for portfolio | 0.02 | | | 0.07 | |
| Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans | Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans | 14.57 | | | 3.76 | |
(1)The ratios have been computed using dollars in thousands. Accordingly, recalculations based upon the disclosed amounts in millions may produce nominally different results.
Uninsured Term Deposits
The table below presents the maturities for uninsured term deposits:
| (In millions) By remaining maturity at December 31, 2021 | 3 months or less | | Over 3 months but within 6 months | | Over 6 months but within 12 months | | Over 12 months but within 24 months | | Total |
(In millions) By remaining maturity at December 31, 2023 | | (In millions) By remaining maturity at December 31, 2023 | 3 months or less | | Over 3 months but within 6 months | | Over 6 months but within 12 months | | Over 12 months but within 24 months | | Total |
| Uninsured term deposits | Uninsured term deposits | $ | 12 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 54 | |
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Information required under this Item is set forth in the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Risk Management” caption at Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of this filing.report.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of the
Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying statements of condition of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (the “FHLB”) as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,December 31, 2022, and the related statements of income, of comprehensive income (loss), of capital and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We also have audited the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the FHLB as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20212023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the FHLB maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The FHLB's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the FHLB’s financial statements and on the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the FHLB in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of Interest-Rate Derivatives and Hedged Items
As described in Notes 7 and 15 to the financial statements, the FHLB uses derivatives to manage interest-rate risk and reduce funding costs, among other risk management objectives. The total notional amount of derivatives as of December 31, 20212023 was $39.25$78.5 billion, of which 35%53% were designated as hedging instruments, and the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities as of December 31, 20212023 was $298$102.0 million and $3.3$9.8 million, respectively. The fair values of interest-rate derivatives and hedged items are determined using the standard valuation technique of discounted cash flow analysis, which uses market-observable inputs, such as discount rate, forward interest rate, and volatility assumptions.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of interest-rate derivatives and hedged items is a critical audit matter are the significant audit effort in evaluating the discount rate, forward interest rate, and volatility assumptions used to fair value these derivatives and hedged items, and the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the valuation of interest-rate derivatives and hedged items, including controls over the method, data and assumptions. These procedures also included, among others, the involvement of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in developing an independent range of prices for a sample of interest rate derivatives and hedged items and comparison of management’s estimate to the independently developed ranges. Developing the independent range of prices involved testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management and independently developing the discount rate, forward interest rate, and volatility assumptions.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio
March 17, 202221, 2024
We have served as the FHLB’s auditor since 1990.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
STATEMENTS OF CONDITION
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In thousands, except par value) | December 31, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Cash and due from banks (Note 3) | $ | 167,822 | | | $ | 2,984,073 | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | 340,147 | | | 555,104 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 1,282,440 | | | 1,818,268 | |
| Federal funds sold | 5,505,000 | | | 4,240,000 | |
| Investment securities: (Note 4) | | | |
| Trading securities | 6,780,817 | | | 10,488,124 | |
| Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $5,240,998 and $286,869 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 5,267,123 | | | 291,587 | |
Held-to-maturity securities (includes $0 and $0 pledged as collateral at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, that may be repledged) (a) | 10,216,756 | | | 9,648,171 | |
| Total investment securities | 22,264,696 | | | 20,427,882 | |
| Advances (includes $25,805 and $27,202 at fair value under fair value option at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) (Note 5) | 23,054,748 | | | 25,362,003 | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses of $233 and $248 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (Note 6) | 7,588,184 | | | 9,548,506 | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 88,672 | | | 113,701 | |
| Derivative assets (Note 7) | 297,736 | | | 215,888 | |
| Other assets, net | 28,140 | | | 30,814 | |
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 60,617,585 | | | $ | 65,296,239 | |
| LIABILITIES | | | |
| Deposits (Note 8) | $ | 1,415,651 | | | $ | 1,327,202 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Consolidated Obligations: (Note 9) | | | |
| Discount Notes (includes $10,420,974 and $0 at fair value under fair value option at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 29,837,696 | | | 27,500,244 | |
| Bonds (includes $7,175,060 and $2,262,388 at fair value under fair value option at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 24,601,838 | | | 31,996,311 | |
| Total Consolidated Obligations | 54,439,534 | | | 59,496,555 | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock (Note 11) | 21,211 | | | 19,454 | |
| Accrued interest payable | 60,682 | | | 77,521 | |
| Affordable Housing Program payable (Note 10) | 84,504 | | | 110,772 | |
| Derivative liabilities (Note 7) | 3,291 | | | 3,813 | |
| Other liabilities | 796,811 | | | 331,008 | |
| Total liabilities | 56,821,684 | | | 61,366,325 | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | 0 | | 0 |
| CAPITAL (Note 11) | | | |
| Capital stock Class B putable ($100 par value); issued and outstanding shares: 24,900 shares at December 31, 2021 and 26,409 shares at December 31, 2020 | 2,490,016 | | | 2,640,863 | |
| Retained earnings: | | | |
| Unrestricted | 783,072 | | | 802,715 | |
| Restricted | 509,719 | | | 501,321 | |
| Total retained earnings | 1,292,791 | | | 1,304,036 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 12) | 13,094 | | | (14,985) | |
| Total capital | 3,795,901 | | | 3,929,914 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL | $ | 60,617,585 | | | $ | 65,296,239 | |
(a)Fair values: $10,269,821 and $9,792,136 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In thousands, except par value) | December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Cash and due from banks (Note 3) | $ | 20,824 | | | $ | 19,604 | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | 1,875,037 | | | 1,770,194 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 5,242,480 | | | 519,540 | |
| Federal funds sold | 6,774,000 | | | 5,399,000 | |
| Investment securities: (Note 4) | | | |
| Trading securities | 1,745,742 | | | 1,979,816 | |
| Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $10,247,585 and $8,680,491 and includes $819,794 and $0 pledged as collateral that may be repledged) | 10,171,588 | | | 8,631,765 | |
| Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $16,576,613 and $14,983,043) | 16,832,133 | | | 15,304,359 | |
| Total investment securities | 28,749,463 | | | 25,915,940 | |
| Advances (includes $214,035 and $4,954 at fair value under fair value option) (Note 5) | 73,553,162 | | | 67,019,555 | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses of $316 and $301 (Note 6) | 7,108,334 | | | 7,162,509 | |
| | | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 535,564 | | | 283,132 | |
| Derivative assets (Note 7) | 101,991 | | | 490,560 | |
| Other assets, net | 34,883 | | | 29,470 | |
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 123,995,738 | | | $ | 108,609,504 | |
| LIABILITIES | | | |
| Deposits (Note 8) | $ | 1,113,704 | | | $ | 1,039,427 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Consolidated Obligations: (Note 9) | | | |
| Discount Notes (includes $14,085,003 and $21,010,746 at fair value under fair value option) | 23,690,526 | | | 40,691,180 | |
| Bonds (includes $20,657,254 and $5,469,583 at fair value under fair value option) | 91,756,430 | | | 59,667,745 | |
| Total Consolidated Obligations | 115,446,956 | | | 100,358,925 | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock (Note 11) | 17,314 | | | 17,453 | |
| Accrued interest payable | 422,886 | | | 290,194 | |
| Affordable Housing Program payable (Note 10) | 139,807 | | | 87,923 | |
| Derivative liabilities | 9,831 | | | 460 | |
| Other liabilities | 418,557 | | | 312,891 | |
| Total liabilities | 117,569,055 | | | 102,107,273 | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | | | |
| CAPITAL (Note 11) | | | |
| Capital stock Class B putable ($100 par value); issued and outstanding shares: 48,459 and 51,507 | 4,845,902 | | | 5,150,679 | |
| Retained earnings: | | | |
| Unrestricted | 964,436 | | | 840,774 | |
| Restricted | 693,682 | | | 560,118 | |
| Total retained earnings | 1,658,118 | | | 1,400,892 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 12) | (77,337) | | | (49,340) | |
| Total capital | 6,426,683 | | | 6,502,231 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL | $ | 123,995,738 | | | $ | 108,609,504 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
| | (In thousands) | |
| (In thousands) | |
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | For the Years Ended December 31, | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | | | 2021 |
| INTEREST INCOME: | INTEREST INCOME: | | | | | | |
| Advances | |
| Advances | |
| Advances | Advances | $ | 134,600 | | | $ | 434,815 | | | | $ | 1,195,128 | |
| Prepayment fees on Advances, net | Prepayment fees on Advances, net | 12,654 | | | 34,583 | | | | 8,421 | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | Interest-bearing deposits | 663 | | | 4,467 | | | | 13,453 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 400 | | | 11,124 | | | | 64,336 | |
| Federal funds sold | Federal funds sold | 5,265 | | | 32,051 | | | | 228,761 | |
| Investment securities: | Investment securities: | | | |
| Trading securities | |
| Trading securities | |
| Trading securities | Trading securities | 198,547 | | | 263,847 | | | | 180,506 | |
| Available-for-sale securities | Available-for-sale securities | 7,228 | | | 4,782 | | | | 27,691 | |
| Held-to-maturity securities | Held-to-maturity securities | 106,498 | | | 186,363 | | | | 386,526 | |
| Total investment securities | Total investment securities | 312,273 | | | 454,992 | | | | 594,723 | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | Mortgage loans held for portfolio | 168,482 | | | 275,600 | | | | 340,025 | |
| Loans to other FHLBanks | Loans to other FHLBanks | — | | | 60 | | | | 70 | |
| Total interest income | Total interest income | 634,337 | | | 1,247,692 | | | | 2,444,917 | |
| INTEREST EXPENSE: | INTEREST EXPENSE: | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | Consolidated Obligations: | | | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | Discount Notes | 13,460 | | | 294,573 | | | | 988,600 | |
| Bonds | Bonds | 343,495 | | | 541,996 | | | | 1,033,508 | |
| Total Consolidated Obligations | Total Consolidated Obligations | 356,955 | | | 836,569 | | | | 2,022,108 | |
| Deposits | Deposits | 439 | | | 3,525 | | | | 15,861 | |
| Loans from other FHLBanks | Loans from other FHLBanks | — | | | — | | | | 3 | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | 383 | | | 1,068 | | | | 1,113 | |
| | Other borrowings | |
| Total interest expense | Total interest expense | 357,777 | | | 841,162 | | | | 2,039,085 | |
| NET INTEREST INCOME | NET INTEREST INCOME | 276,560 | | | 406,530 | | | | 405,832 | |
| | NON-INTEREST INCOME (LOSS): | NON-INTEREST INCOME (LOSS): | | | | | | |
| Net gains (losses) on investment securities | (257,497) | | | 257,566 | | | | 210,207 | |
| | NON-INTEREST INCOME (LOSS): | |
| | NON-INTEREST INCOME (LOSS): | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | |
| Net gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option | Net gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option | 10,135 | | | (7,293) | | | | (53,852) | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | Net gains (losses) on derivatives | 82,264 | | | (273,253) | | | | (177,912) | |
| Letters of Credit fees | 25,118 | | | 13,936 | | | | 9,429 | |
| | Other, net | |
| Other, net | |
| Other, net | Other, net | 1,708 | | | 1,976 | | | | 1,909 | |
| Total non-interest income (loss) | Total non-interest income (loss) | (138,272) | | | (7,068) | | | | (10,219) | |
| NON-INTEREST EXPENSE: | NON-INTEREST EXPENSE: | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | |
| Compensation and benefits | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | 47,794 | | | 50,242 | | | | 46,077 | |
| Other operating expenses | Other operating expenses | 22,616 | | | 20,901 | | | | 21,629 | |
| Finance Agency | Finance Agency | 7,434 | | | 6,765 | | | | 6,715 | |
| Office of Finance | Office of Finance | 5,157 | | | 5,119 | | | | 4,930 | |
| | Voluntary housing contributions | |
| Voluntary housing contributions | |
| Voluntary housing contributions | |
| Other | Other | 8,588 | | | 9,246 | | | | 9,367 | |
| Total non-interest expense | Total non-interest expense | 91,589 | | | 92,273 | | | | 88,718 | |
| INCOME BEFORE ASSESSMENTS | INCOME BEFORE ASSESSMENTS | 46,699 | | | 307,189 | | | | 306,895 | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | Affordable Housing Program assessments | 4,708 | | | 30,826 | | | | 30,801 | |
| | NET INCOME | NET INCOME | $ | 41,991 | | | $ | 276,363 | | | | $ | 276,094 | |
| | NET INCOME | |
| | NET INCOME | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2019 |
| (In thousands) | |
| (In thousands) | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | | | 2021 |
| Net income | Net income | $ | 41,991 | | | $ | 276,363 | | | | $ | 276,094 | |
| Other comprehensive income adjustments: | | | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) adjustments: | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | 21,407 | | | 4,348 | | | | 480 | |
| Pension and postretirement benefits | Pension and postretirement benefits | 6,672 | | | (2,939) | | | | (3,831) | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) adjustments | Total other comprehensive income (loss) adjustments | 28,079 | | | 1,409 | | | | (3,351) | |
| Comprehensive income | $ | 70,070 | | | $ | 277,772 | | | | $ | 272,743 | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL
| | | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | Capital Stock
Class B - Putable | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | | Total |
| (In thousands) | |
| (In thousands) | | Capital Stock
Class B - Putable | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Total |
| | | Shares | | Par Value | | Unrestricted | | Restricted | | Total | | Loss | | Capital | | Shares | | Par Value | | Unrestricted | | Restricted | | Total | | | Capital |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2018 | 43,205 | | | $ | 4,320,459 | | | $ | 631,971 | | | $ | 390,829 | | | $ | 1,022,800 | | | $ | (13,043) | | | $ | 5,330,216 | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2020 | |
| | Comprehensive income (loss) | Comprehensive income (loss) | | 220,875 | | | 55,219 | | | 276,094 | | | (3,351) | | | 272,743 | |
| Proceeds from sale of capital stock | 5,918 | | | 591,762 | | | 591,762 | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
| Proceeds from issuance of capital stock | |
| Repurchase of capital stock | Repurchase of capital stock | (15,386) | | | (1,538,544) | | | (1,538,544) | |
| Net shares reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock | (73) | | | (7,249) | | | (7,249) | |
| Net stock reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | Cash dividends on capital stock | | (204,472) | | | (204,472) | | | (204,472) | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2019 | 33,664 | | | $ | 3,366,428 | | | $ | 648,374 | | | $ | 446,048 | | | $ | 1,094,422 | | | $ | (16,394) | | | $ | 4,444,456 | |
| Adjustment for cumulative effect of accounting change | | 366 | | | 366 | | | 366 | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2021 | |
| | Comprehensive income (loss) | Comprehensive income (loss) | | 221,090 | | | 55,273 | | | 276,363 | | | 1,409 | | | 277,772 | |
| Proceeds from sale of capital stock | 21,351 | | | 2,135,091 | | | 2,135,091 | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
| Proceeds from issuance of capital stock | |
| Repurchase of capital stock | Repurchase of capital stock | (23,000) | | | (2,300,000) | | | (2,300,000) | |
| Net shares reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock | (5,606) | | | (560,656) | | | (560,656) | |
| Partial recovery of prior capital distribution to Financing Corporation | | 16,533 | | | 16,533 | | | 16,533 | |
| Net stock reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | Cash dividends on capital stock | | (83,648) | | | (83,648) | | | (83,648) | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2020 | 26,409 | | | $ | 2,640,863 | | | $ | 802,715 | | | $ | 501,321 | | | $ | 1,304,036 | | | $ | (14,985) | | | $ | 3,929,914 | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 | |
| | Comprehensive income (loss) | Comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | 33,593 | | | 8,398 | | | 41,991 | | | 28,079 | | | 70,070 | |
| Proceeds from sale of capital stock | 11,090 | | | 1,109,046 | | | | | 1,109,046 | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |
| Proceeds from issuance of capital stock | |
| Repurchase of capital stock | Repurchase of capital stock | (11,864) | | | (1,186,402) | | | (1,186,402) | |
| Net shares reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock | (735) | | | (73,491) | | | | | (73,491) | |
| Net stock reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock | |
| | Cash dividends on capital stock | Cash dividends on capital stock | | | | | (53,236) | | | (53,236) | | | | | (53,236) | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2021 | 24,900 | | | $ | 2,490,016 | | | $ | 783,072 | | | $ | 509,719 | | | $ | 1,292,791 | | | $ | 13,094 | | | $ | 3,795,901 | |
| Cash dividends on capital stock | |
| Cash dividends on capital stock | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2023 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In thousands) | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 41,991 | | | $ | 276,363 | | | $ | 276,094 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization/(accretion) | 81,444 | | | 64,208 | | | 4,914 | |
| Net change in derivative and hedging activities | 228,896 | | | (123,345) | | | (147,582) | |
| Net change in fair value adjustments on trading securities | 257,497 | | | (257,566) | | | (210,207) | |
| Net change in fair value adjustments on financial instruments held under fair value option | (10,135) | | | 7,293 | | | 53,852 | |
| Other adjustments, net | 884 | | | 1,014 | | | 757 | |
| Net change in: | | | | | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 25,036 | | | 68,750 | | | (12,408) | |
| Other assets | 804 | | | (4,476) | | | (1,517) | |
| Accrued interest payable | (27,971) | | | (54,159) | | | (21,224) | |
| Other liabilities | (20,069) | | | 16,062 | | | 19,520 | |
| Total adjustments | 536,386 | | | (282,219) | | | (313,895) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 578,377 | | | (5,856) | | | (37,801) | |
| | | | | |
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | 219,561 | | | (87,411) | | | (771,791) | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 535,828 | | | 530,316 | | | 2,053,624 | |
| Federal funds sold | (1,265,000) | | | 593,000 | | | 5,960,000 | |
| Premises, software, and equipment | (1,411) | | | (1,861) | | | (2,460) | |
| Trading securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns | 1,275,119 | | | 5,885,074 | | | 139 | |
| Proceeds from sales | 2,174,690 | | | — | | | — | |
| Purchases | — | | | (4,499,938) | | | (11,181,646) | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns | — | | | 1,810,000 | | | 6,525,000 | |
| Purchases | (4,872,885) | | | (550,267) | | | (5,673,500) | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns | 2,868,790 | | | 3,919,706 | | | 3,561,188 | |
| | | | | |
| Purchases | (3,121,145) | | | (75,604) | | | (1,290,195) | |
| Advances: | | | | | |
| Repaid | 409,411,398 | | | 512,521,226 | | | 1,343,898,413 | |
| Originated | (407,357,984) | | | (490,263,028) | | | (1,336,290,080) | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio: | | | | | |
| Principal collected | 3,585,322 | | | 4,291,048 | | | 1,922,162 | |
| Purchases | (1,715,689) | | | (2,691,664) | | | (2,691,654) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 1,736,594 | | | 31,380,597 | | | 6,019,200 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In thousands) | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 667,818 | | | $ | 251,996 | | | $ | 41,991 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization/(accretion) | 33 | | | 304,480 | | | 81,444 | |
| Net change in derivative and hedging activities | (631,889) | | | 1,356,601 | | | 228,896 | |
| Net change in fair value adjustments on trading securities | (15,999) | | | 336,889 | | | 257,497 | |
| Net change in fair value adjustments on financial instruments held under fair value option | 39,713 | | | (74,712) | | | (10,135) | |
| Other adjustments, net | 1,470 | | | 754 | | | 884 | |
| Net change in: | | | | | |
| Accrued interest receivable | (251,893) | | | (196,020) | | | 25,036 | |
| Other assets | (1,830) | | | (2,695) | | | 804 | |
| Accrued interest payable | 321,176 | | | 254,707 | | | (27,971) | |
| Other liabilities | 51,197 | | | (2,106) | | | (20,069) | |
| Total adjustments | (488,022) | | | 1,977,898 | | | 536,386 | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 179,796 | | | 2,229,894 | | | 578,377 | |
| | | | | |
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | 328,821 | | | (1,590,953) | | | 219,561 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | (4,722,940) | | | 762,900 | | | 535,828 | |
| Federal funds sold | (1,375,000) | | | 106,000 | | | (1,265,000) | |
| Advances | (6,209,773) | | | (44,473,600) | | | 2,053,414 | |
| | | | | |
| Premises, software, and equipment | (6,990) | | | (1,512) | | | (1,411) | |
| Trading securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns | 250,073 | | | 2,975,089 | | | 1,275,119 | |
| Proceeds from sales | — | | | 1,489,023 | | | 2,174,690 | |
| | | | | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchases | (1,240,419) | | | (4,505,274) | | | (4,872,885) | |
| Held-to-maturity securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns | 2,078,730 | | | 1,815,470 | | | 2,868,790 | |
| | | | | |
| Purchases | (3,608,759) | | | (7,218,330) | | | (3,121,145) | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio: | | | | | |
| Principal collected | 614,451 | | | 1,110,219 | | | 3,585,322 | |
| Purchases | (579,560) | | | (724,885) | | | (1,715,689) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (14,471,366) | | | (50,255,853) | | | 1,736,594 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | (continued from previous page) | (continued from previous page) | |
| FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI | |
| FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI | |
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI | | STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS |
| | | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| (In thousands) | |
| | (In thousands) | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | |
| Net change in deposits and pass-through reserves | Net change in deposits and pass-through reserves | $ | 88,599 | | | $ | 371,585 | | | $ | 274,910 | |
| Net proceeds (payments) on derivative contracts with financing elements | — | | | (10,764) | | | (619) | |
| Net change in deposits and pass-through reserves | |
| Net change in deposits and pass-through reserves | |
| | Net proceeds from issuance of Consolidated Obligations: | Net proceeds from issuance of Consolidated Obligations: | | |
| Net proceeds from issuance of Consolidated Obligations: | |
| Net proceeds from issuance of Consolidated Obligations: | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | Discount Notes | 193,534,651 | | | 275,314,658 | | | 823,242,543 | |
| Bonds | Bonds | 33,771,274 | | | 37,753,386 | | | 27,927,333 | |
| Bonds transferred from other FHLBanks | Bonds transferred from other FHLBanks | — | | | — | | | 12,697 | |
| Payments for maturing and retiring Consolidated Obligations: | Payments for maturing and retiring Consolidated Obligations: | | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | Discount Notes | (191,190,825) | | | (296,851,576) | | | (821,075,874) | |
| Bonds | Bonds | (41,132,595) | | | (44,193,670) | | | (35,191,800) | |
| Proceeds from issuance of capital stock | Proceeds from issuance of capital stock | 1,109,046 | | | 2,135,091 | | | 591,762 | |
| Payments for repurchase of capital stock | Payments for repurchase of capital stock | (1,186,402) | | | (2,300,000) | | | (1,538,544) | |
| Payments for repurchase/redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock | Payments for repurchase/redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock | (71,734) | | | (562,871) | | | (8,764) | |
| Cash dividends paid | Cash dividends paid | (53,236) | | | (83,648) | | | (204,472) | |
| Partial recovery of prior capital distribution to Financing Corporation | — | | | 16,533 | | | — | |
| | Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (5,131,222) | | | (28,411,276) | | | (5,970,828) | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | (2,816,251) | | | 2,963,465 | | | 10,571 | |
| Cash and due from banks at beginning of the period | Cash and due from banks at beginning of the period | 2,984,073 | | | 20,608 | | | 10,037 | |
| Cash and due from banks at end of the period | Cash and due from banks at end of the period | $ | 167,822 | | | $ | 2,984,073 | | | $ | 20,608 | |
| Supplemental Disclosures: | Supplemental Disclosures: | | | | | |
| Interest paid | Interest paid | $ | 391,108 | | | $ | 955,423 | | | $ | 2,116,628 | |
| Interest paid | |
| Interest paid | |
| Affordable Housing Program payments, net | Affordable Housing Program payments, net | $ | 30,976 | | | $ | 35,349 | | | $ | 32,842 | |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Background Information
The Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (the FHLB), a federally chartered corporation, is one of 11 District Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks). The FHLBanks are government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) that serve the public by enhancing the availability of credit for residential mortgages and targeted community development. The FHLB provides a readily available, competitively-priced source of funds to its member institutions. The FHLB is a cooperative whose member institutions own nearly all of the capital stock of the FHLB and may receive dividends on their investment to the extent declared by the FHLB's Board of Directors. Former members own the remaining capital stock to support business transactions still carried on the FHLB's Statements of Condition. Regulated financial depositories and insurance companies engaged in residential housing finance may apply for membership. Housing associates, including state and local housing authorities, may also borrow from the FHLB; while eligible to borrow, housing authorities are not members of the FHLB and, therefore, are not allowed to hold capital stock. A housing authority is eligible to utilize the Advance programs of the FHLB if it meets applicable statutory requirements. It must be a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development approved mortgagee and must also meet applicable mortgage lending, financial condition, as well as charter, inspection and supervision requirements.
All members must purchase stock in the FHLB. Members must own capital stock in the FHLB based on the amount of their total assets. Each member also may be required to purchase activity-based capital stock as it engages in certain business activities with the FHLB. As a result of these requirements, the FHLB conducts business with stockholders in the normal course of business. For financial statement purposes, the FHLB defines related parties as those members with more than 10 percent of the voting interests of the FHLB's outstanding capital stock. See Note 18 for more information relating to transactions with stockholders.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency (Finance Agency), an independent agency in the executive branch of the U.S. government, supervises and regulates the FHLBanks, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae). The Finance Agency's stated mission, with respect to the FHLBanks, is to ensure the FHLBanks fulfill their mission by operating in a safe and sound manner to serve as a reliable source of liquidity and funding for the housing finance market throughout the economic cycle.
Each FHLBank operates as a separate entity with its own management, employees, and board of directors. The FHLB does not sponsor any special purpose entities or any other type of off-balance sheet conduits.
The Office of Finance is a joint office of the FHLBanks established to facilitate the issuance and servicing of the debt instruments of the FHLBanks, known as Consolidated Obligations, and to prepare combined quarterly and annual financial reports of all FHLBanks. As provided by the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932, as amended (the FHLBank Act), or by Finance Agency regulation, the FHLBanks' Consolidated Obligations are backed only by the financial resources of the FHLBanks and are the primary source of funds for the FHLBanks. Deposits, other borrowings, and capital stock issued to members provide other funds. The FHLB primarily uses its funds to provide Advances to members and to purchase loans from members through its Mortgage Purchase Program (MPP). The FHLB also provides member institutions with correspondent services, such as wire transfer, security safekeeping, and settlement services.
Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The FHLB's accounting and financial reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).
Significant Accounting Policies
Beginning January 1, 2020, the FHLB adopted new accounting guidance related to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, which requires a financial asset or group of financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The new guidance also requires credit losses relating to these financial instruments and available-for-sale securities to be recorded through the allowance for credit losses. Consistent with the modified retrospective
method of adoption, the FHLB recorded an immaterial cumulative adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2020, and the prior periods were not revised to conform to the new basis of accounting.
Cash Flows. In the Statements of Cash Flows, the FHLB considers non-interest bearing cash and due from banks as cash and cash equivalents. Federal funds sold are not treated as cash equivalents for purposes of the Statements of Cash Flows, but are instead treated as short-term investments and are reflected in the investing activities section of the Statements of Cash Flows.
Subsequent Events. The FHLB has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure through the issuance of these financial statements and believes there have been no material subsequent events requiring additional disclosure or recognition in these financial statements.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make subjective assumptions and estimates. These assumptions and estimates affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Fair Values. Some of the FHLB's financial instruments lack an available trading market with prices characterized as those that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Therefore, the FHLB uses pricing services and/or internal models employing significant estimates and present value calculations when disclosing fair values. See Note 15 for more information.
Interest-Bearing Deposits, Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell, and Federal Funds Sold. These investments provide short-term liquidity and are carried at amortized cost; however, accrued interest receivable is recorded separately on the Statement of Condition. Interest-bearing deposits include certificates of deposits not meeting the definition of an investment security. The FHLB treats securities purchased under agreements to resell as short-term collateralized loans. Federal funds sold are unsecured loans that are generally transacted on an overnight term.
Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold are evaluated quarterly for expected credit losses if they are not expected to be repaid according to the relevant contractual terms. If applicable, an allowance for credit losses is recorded with a corresponding adjustment to the provision (reversal) for credit losses.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell are evaluated quarterly for expected credit losses. The FHLB applies the collateral maintenance provision practical expedient, which allows expected credit losses to be measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the investment's amortized cost, for securities purchased under agreements to resell. The credit loss would be limited to the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the investment’s amortized cost.
Debt Securities. The FHLB classifies investment securities as trading, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at the date of acquisition. Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade date basis.
Trading. Securities classified as trading are acquired for liquidity purposes and asset/liability management and are carried at fair value. The FHLB records changes in the fair value of these securities through non-interest income (loss) as a net gain or loss on trading securities. Finance Agency regulations and the FHLB's risk management policies prohibit the speculative trading of these instruments and limit credit risk arising from them.
Available-for-Sale. Securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity or trading are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. The change in fair value of available-for-sale securities is recorded in other comprehensive income as net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities. For available-for-sale securities in hedging relationships that qualify as fair value hedges, the FHLB records the portion of the change in the fair value of the investment related to the risk being hedged in interest income on available-for-sale securities together with the related change in the fair value of the derivative, and records the remainder of the change in the fair value of the investment in other comprehensive income as net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities.
For securities classified as available-for-sale, the FHLB evaluates an individual security for impairment on a quarterly basis by comparing the security’s fair value to its amortized cost. Accrued interest receivable is recorded separately on the Statements of Condition. Impairment exists when the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost (i.e., in an unrealized loss position). In assessing whether a credit loss exists on an impaired security, the FHLB considers whether there would be a shortfall in receiving all cash flows contractually due. When a shortfall is considered possible, the FHLB compares the present value of cash flows to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash
flows is less than amortized cost, an allowance for credit losses is recorded with a corresponding adjustment to the provision (reversal) for credit losses. The allowance is limited by the amount of the unrealized loss. The allowance for credit losses excludes uncollectible accrued interest receivable, which is measured separately.
If management intends to sell an impaired security classified as available-for-sale, or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before expected recovery of its amortized cost basis, any allowance for credit losses is written off and the amortized cost basis is written down to the security’s fair value at the reporting date with any incremental impairment reported
in earnings as net gains (losses) on investment securities. If management does not intend to sell an impaired security classified as available-for-sale and it is not more likely than not that management will be required to sell the debt security, then the credit portion of the difference is recognized as an allowance for credit losses and any remaining difference between the security’s fair value and amortized cost is recorded to net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities within other comprehensive income (loss).
Held-to-Maturity. Securities that the FHLB has both the ability and intent to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost, which is original cost net of periodic principal repayments and amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Accrued interest receivable is recorded separately on the Statements of Condition.
Certain changes in circumstances may cause the FHLB to change its intent to hold a security to maturity without calling into question its intent to hold other debt securities to maturity in the future. Thus, the sale or transfer of a held-to-maturity security due to certain changes in circumstances, such as evidence of significant deterioration in the issuer's creditworthiness or changes in regulatory requirements, is not considered to be inconsistent with its original classification. Other events that are isolated, nonrecurring, and unusual for the FHLB that could not have been reasonably anticipated may cause the FHLB to sell or transfer a held-to-maturity security without necessarily calling into question its intent to hold other debt securities to maturity.
In addition, sales of held-to-maturity debt securities that meet either of the following two conditions may be considered as maturities for purposes of the classification of securities: (1) the sale occurs near enough to the security's maturity date (for example, within three months of maturity), or call date if exercise of the call is probable, that interest rate risk is substantially eliminated as a pricing factor and changes in market interest rates would not have a significant effect on the security's fair value, or (2) the sale of the security occurs after the FHLB has already collected a substantial portion (at least 85 percent) of the principal outstanding at acquisition due either to prepayments on the security or to scheduled payments on the security payable in equal installments (both principal and interest) over its term.
Held-to-maturity securities are evaluated on a quarterly basis for expected credit losses on a pool basis unless an individual assessment is deemed necessary because the securities do not possess similar risk characteristics. If applicable, an allowance for credit losses is recorded with a corresponding adjustment to the provision (reversal) for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses excludes uncollectible accrued interest receivable, which is measured separately.
Premiums and Discounts. TheFor mortgage-backed securities (MBS) with multiple underlying loans classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, the FHLB amortizes the related purchased premiums and accretes the related purchased discounts on mortgage-backed securities (MBS) classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity using the retrospective interest method (retrospective method). The retrospective method requires that the FHLB estimate prepayments over the estimated life of the securities and make a retrospective adjustment of the effective yield each time that the FHLB changes the estimated life as if the new estimate had been known since the original acquisition date of the securities. The FHLB uses nationally recognized third-party prepayment models to project estimated cash flows. For MBS with single or few underlying loans classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, the FHLB amortizes the related purchased premiums and accretes the related purchased discounts using the contractual interest method (contractual method). Due to their short term nature, the FHLB amortizes premiums and accretes discounts on other investment categories with a term of one year or less using a straight-line methodology based on the contractual maturity of the securities. Analyses of the straight-line compared to the interest, or level-yield, methodology have been performed by the FHLB, and it has determined that the impact of the difference on the financial statements for each period reported, taken individually and as a whole, is not material.
Gains and Losses on Sales. The FHLB computes gains and losses on sales of investment securities using the specific identification method and includes these gains and losses in non-interest income (loss).
Advances. The FHLB records Advances (loans to members, former members or housing associates) either at amortized cost or at fair value when the fair value option has been elected. Advances recorded at amortized cost are carried at original cost net of periodic principal repayments and amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts (including discounts related to the Affordable Housing Program), unearned commitment fees, and fair value hedge adjustments. The FHLB amortizes or accretes premiums and discounts, and recognizes unearned commitment fees and fair value hedging adjustments on Advances to interest income using a level-yield methodology. For Advances recorded at amortized cost, accrued interest receivable is recorded separately on the Statements of Condition.
The Advances carried at amortized cost are evaluated quarterly for expected credit losses. If deemed necessary, an allowance for credit losses is recorded with a corresponding adjustment to the provision (reversal) for credit losses.
Advance Modifications. In cases in which the FHLB funds a new Advance concurrent with or within a short period of time before or after the prepayment of an existing Advance by the same borrower, the FHLB evaluates whether the new Advance
meets the accounting criteria to qualify as a modification of an existing Advance or whether it constitutes a new Advance. The FHLB compares the present value of cash flows on the new Advance to the present value of cash flows remaining on the existing Advance. If there is at least a 10 percent difference in the cash flows, or if the FHLB concludes the differences between the Advances are more than minor based on qualitative factors, the Advance is accounted for as a new Advance. In all other instances, the new Advance is accounted for as a modification.
Prepayment Fees. The FHLB charges a borrower a prepayment fee when the borrower prepays certain Advances before the original maturity. The recognition of prepayment fees is dependent on whether a new Advance was funded. If there were no new Advances funded, the FHLB records prepayment fees, net of basis adjustments related to hedging activities included in the carrying value of the Advances, as “Prepayment fees on Advances, net” in the interest income section of the Statements of Income.
If a new Advance was funded, but does not qualify as a modification of a prepaid Advance, the prepaid Advance is treated as an Advance termination with subsequent funding of a new Advance and the fees on the prepaid Advance, net of related fair value hedging adjustments, are recorded in interest income as “Prepayment fees on Advances, net.”
If a new Advance is funded and qualifies as a modification of the original Advance, the net prepayment fee is deferred, recorded in the basis of the modified Advance, and amortized/accreted using a level-yield methodology over the life of the modified Advance to Advance interest income. If the modified Advance is hedged and meets the hedge accounting requirements, the associated fair value gains or losses of the Advance and the prepayment fees are included in the basis of the modified Advance. Such gains or losses and prepayment fees are then amortized in interest income over the life of the modified Advance using a level-yield methodology.
Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio. Mortgage loans held for portfolio are recorded at amortized cost, which is original cost, net of periodic principal repayments and amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, hedging basis adjustments on loans initially classified as mortgage loan commitments, and direct write-downs. The FHLB has the intent and ability to hold these mortgage loans to maturity. Accrued interest receivable is recorded separately on the Statements of Condition. If deemed necessary, an allowance for credit losses is recorded with a corresponding adjustment to the provision (reversal) for credit losses. The FHLB does not purchase mortgage loans with credit deterioration present at the time of purchase.
The FHLB performs a quarterly assessment of its mortgage loans held for portfolio to estimate expected credit losses. The FHLB measures expected credit losses on mortgage loans on a collective basis, pooling loans with similar risk characteristics. If a mortgage loan no longer shares risk characteristics with other loans, it is removed from the pool and evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis.
When developing the allowance for credit losses, the FHLB measures the expected loss over the estimated remaining life of a mortgage loan, which also considers how the FHLB’s credit enhancements mitigate credit losses. If a loan is purchased at a discount, the discount does not offset the allowance for credit losses. The FHLB includes estimates of expected recoveries within the allowance for credit losses.
The allowance excludes uncollectible accrued interest receivable, as the FHLB writes off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income if a mortgage loan is placed on non-accrual status.
Premiums and Discounts. The FHLB defers and amortizes premiums and accretes discounts paid to and received by the FHLB's participating members (Participating Financial Institutions, or PFIs) and hedging basis adjustments, as interest income using the contractual interest method (contractual method).
Other Fees. The FHLB may receive non-origination fees, called pair-off fees. Pair-off fees represent a make-whole provision and are assessed when a member fails to deliver the quantity of loans committed to in a Mandatory Delivery Contract. Pair-off fees are recorded in non-interest income (loss). A Mandatory Delivery Contract is a legal commitment the FHLB makes to purchase, and a PFI makes to deliver, a specified dollar amount of mortgage loans, with a forward settlement date, at a specified range of mortgage note rates and prices.
Modifications. Generally, the FHLB only grants mortgage loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. If the terms of the modified loan are at least as favorable to the lender as the terms offered to borrowers with similar collection risks for comparable loans and the modification to the terms of the loan is more than minor, the loan meets the accounting criteria for a new loan. Generally, a modification would not result in a new loan because the modified terms are not as favorable to the lender as terms for comparable loans that would be offered to similar borrowers.
Collateral-dependent Loans. An impaired loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be substantially through the sale of the underlying collateral. A loan that is considered collateral-dependent is measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs, with any shortfall recognized as an allowance for loan loss or charged-off. Interest income on impaired loans is recognized in the same manner as non-accrual loans noted below.
Non-accrual Loans. The FHLB places a conventional mortgage loan on non-accrual status if it is determined that either (1) the collection of interest or principal is doubtful (e.g., when a related charge-off is recorded on a loan), or (2) interest or principal is past due for 90 days or more, except when the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection (e.g., through credit enhancements and with monthly remittances on a schedule/scheduled basis). Past due loans are those where the borrower has failed to make a full payment of principal and interest within one month of its due date. Loans with remittances on a schedule/scheduled basis means the FHLB receives monthly principal and interest payments from the servicer regardless of whether the mortgagee is making payments to the servicer. Loans with monthly remittances on an actual/actual basis are considered well-secured; however, servicers of actual/actual remittance types contractually do not advance principal and interest regardless of borrower creditworthiness. As a result, these loans are placed on non-accrual status once they become 90 days delinquent.
For those mortgage loans placed on non-accrual status, accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against interest income. The FHLB records cash payments received on non-accrual loans first as interest income and then as a reduction of principal as specified in the contractual agreement, unless the collection of the remaining principal amount due is considered doubtful. If the collection of the remaining principal amount due is considered doubtful, cash payments received are applied first solely to principal until the remaining principal amount due is expected to be collected and then as a recovery of any charge-off, if applicable, followed by recording interest income. A loan on non-accrual status may be restored to accrual status when (1) none of its contractual principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the FHLB expects repayment of the remaining contractual interest and principal, or (2) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection.
Charge-off Policy. A charge-off is recorded if it is estimated that the amortized cost and any applicable accrued interest in a loan will not be recovered. The FHLB evaluates whether to record a charge-off on a conventional mortgage loan upon the occurrence of a confirming event, such as notification of a claim against any of the credit enhancements. The FHLB also charges off the portion of outstanding conventional mortgage loan balances in excess of fair value of the underlying property, less cost to sell and adjusted for any available credit enhancements, for loans that are 180 days or more delinquent and/or certain loans where the borrower has filed for bankruptcy.
Premises, Software and Equipment, Net. Premises, software and equipment are included in other assets on the Statements of Condition. The FHLB records premises, software and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The FHLB computes depreciation on a straight-line methodology over the estimated useful lives of assets ranging from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the lease. The FHLB capitalizes improvements and major renewals but expenses ordinary maintenance and repairs when incurred. The FHLB capitalizes and amortizes the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use over future periods. In addition, the FHLB includes gains and losses on the disposal of premises, software and equipment in other non-interest income (loss) in the Statements of Income.
Premises, software and equipment were $6,936,000$10,589,000 and $7,905,000,$6,212,000, which was net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $35,748,000$39,774,000 and $33,439,000$37,971,000 as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, and 2019,2021, the depreciation and amortization expense for premises, software and equipment was $2,396,000, $2,367,000,$2,135,000, $2,256,000, and $2,257,000,$2,396,000, respectively.
Leases. The FHLB leases office space and office equipment to run its business operations. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the FHLB included in the StatementStatements of Condition $4,079,000$2,644,000 and $4,980,000$3,439,000 of operating lease right-of-use assets in other assets, net, and $4,500,000$2,801,000 and $5,500,000$3,739,000 of operating lease liabilities in other liabilities. The FHLB recognized operating lease costs in the other operating expenses line of the StatementStatements of Income of $1,848,000, $1,832,000$1,921,000, $1,840,000 and $1,842,000$1,848,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities. All derivatives are recognized on the Statements of Condition at their fair values and are reported as either derivative assets or derivative liabilities, net of cash collateral, and accrued interest from counterparties. The fair values of derivatives are netted by counterparty when the netting requirements have been met. If these netted amounts are positive, they are classified as an asset and, if negative, they are classified as a liability. Cash flows associated with a derivative are reflected as cash flows from operating activities in the StatementStatements of Cash Flows unless the derivative meets the criteria to be a financing derivative.
The FHLB utilizes two Derivative Clearing Organizations (Clearinghouses), for all cleared derivative transactions, LCH Ltd. and CME Clearing. At both Clearinghouses, variation margin is characterized as daily settlement payments and initial margin is considered cash collateral.
Derivative Designations.Types of Qualifying and Non-Qualifying Hedges. Each derivative is designated as oneThe FHLB has the following types of the following:hedges qualifying for hedge accounting treatment (fair value hedges) and hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment (economic hedges):
a.a qualifying hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment (a "fair value" hedge); or
b.a non-qualifying hedge (“economic hedge”) for asset/liability management purposes.
Accounting for Fair Value Hedges. If hedging relationships meet certain criteria including, but not limited to, formal documentation of the hedging relationship and an expectation to be highly effective, they are eligible for fair value hedge accounting and the offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk may be recorded in earnings. The application of fair value hedge accounting generally requires the FHLB to evaluate the effectiveness of the hedging relationships at inception and on an ongoing basis and to calculate the changes in fair value of the derivatives and related hedged items independently. This is known as the “long-haul” method of accounting. Transactions that meet more stringent criteria qualify for the “shortcut” method of hedge accounting in which an assumption can be made that the change in fair value of a hedged item exactly offsets the change in value of the related derivative.
Derivatives are typically executed at the same time as the hedged item, and the FHLB designates the hedged item in a qualifying hedging relationship as of the trade date. In many hedging relationships, the FHLB may designate the hedging relationship upon its commitment to disburse an Advance, trade a Consolidated Obligation or purchase an investment security in which settlement occurs within the shortest period of time possible for the type of instrument based on market settlement conventions. The FHLB records the changes in fair value of the derivative and the hedged item beginning on the trade date.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in net interest income in the same line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.
Accounting for Economic Hedges. An economic hedge is defined as a derivative hedging specific or non-specific underlying assets, liabilities, or firm commitments that does not qualify, or was not designated, for hedge accounting, but is an acceptable hedging strategy under the FHLB's risk management program. These economic hedging strategies also comply with Finance Agency regulatory requirements prohibiting speculative hedge transactions. An economic hedge introduces the potential for earnings variability caused by the changes in fair value of the derivatives that are recorded in the FHLB's income but that are not offset by corresponding changes in the value of the economically hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments. The FHLB recognizes the net interest and the change in fair value of these derivatives in non-interest income (loss) as “Net gains (losses) on derivatives.”
Accrued Interest Receivables and Payables. The difference between accruals of interest receivables and payables on derivatives that are designated as fair value hedging relationships is recognized as adjustments to the interest income or expense of the designated hedged item. The difference between accruals of interest receivables and payables on economic hedges are recognized in non-interest income (loss) as “Net gains (losses) on derivatives.”
Discontinuance of Hedge Accounting. The FHLB discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when: (1) it determines that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value of a hedged item attributable to the hedged risk; (2) the derivative and/or the hedged item expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; or (3) management determines that designating the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.
When fair value hedge accounting is discontinued because the FHLB determines that the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair value hedge of an existing hedged item, the FHLB continues to carry the derivative on the Statements of Condition at its fair value, ceases to adjust the hedged asset or liability for changes in fair value, and amortizes the cumulative basis adjustment on the hedged item into earnings over the remaining life of the hedged item using a level-yield methodology.
Embedded Derivatives. The FHLB may issue debt, make Advances, or purchase financial instruments in which a derivative instrument is “embedded.” Upon execution of these transactions, theThe FHLB assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the debt, Advance, or purchased financial instrument (the host contract) and whether a separate, non-embedded instrument with the same terms as the embedded
instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When the FHLB determines that (1) the
embedded derivative has economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and (2) a separate, stand-alone instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract, carried at fair value, and designated as a stand-alone derivative instrument pursuant to an economic hedge. However, the entire contract is carried at fair value and no portion of the contract is designated as a hedging instrument if the entire contract (the host contract and the embedded derivative) is to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current-period earnings (such as an investment security classified as “trading” as well as hybrid financial instruments for which the fair value option is elected), or if the FHLB cannot reliably identify and measure the embedded derivative for purposes of separating that derivative from its host contract.
Consolidated Obligations. Consolidated Obligations are recorded at amortized cost unless the FHLB has elected the fair value option, in which case the Consolidated Obligations are carried at fair value.
Concessions. Dealers receive concessions in connection with the issuance of certain Consolidated Obligations. The Office of Finance prorates the amount of the concession to the FHLB based upon the percentage of the debt issued that is assumed by the FHLB. Concessions paid on Consolidated Obligations designated under the fair value option are expensed as incurred in other non-interest expense. The FHLB records concessions paid on Consolidated Obligation Bonds not designated under the fair value option as a direct deduction from their carrying amounts, consistent with the presentation of discounts on Consolidated Obligations. The concessions are amortized, using a level-yield methodology, over the terms to maturity or the expected lives of the Consolidated Obligation Bonds. The amortization of those concessions is included in Consolidated Obligation Bond interest expense.
The FHLB charges to expense as incurred the concessions applicable to Consolidated Obligation Discount Notes because of the short maturities of these Notes. Analyses of expensing concessions as incurred compared to a level-yield methodology have been performed by the FHLB, and it has determined that the impact of the difference on the financial statements for each period reported, taken individually and as a whole, is not material.
Discounts and Premiums. The FHLB accretes the discounts and amortizes the premiums on Consolidated Obligation Bonds to interest expense using a level-yield methodology over the terms to maturity or estimated lives of the corresponding Consolidated Obligation Bonds. Due to their short-term nature, the FHLB expenses the discounts on Consolidated Obligation Discount Notes using a straight-line methodology over the term of the Discount Notes. Analyses of a straight-line compared to a level-yield methodology have been performed by the FHLB, and the FHLB has determined that the impact of the difference on the financial statements for each period reported, taken individually and as a whole, is not material.
Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. The FHLB evaluates its off-balance sheet credit exposures on a quarterly basis for expected credit losses. If deemed necessary, an allowance for expected credit losses on these off-balance sheet exposures is recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding adjustment to the provision (reversal) for credit losses.
Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock. The FHLB reclassifies stock subject to redemption from equitycapital stock to a liability upon expiration of the “grace period” after a member provides written notice of redemption, gives notice of intent to withdraw from membership, or attains nonmember status by merger or acquisition, charter termination, or involuntary termination from membership, because the member's shares then meet the definition of a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument. Shares meeting this definition are reclassified to a liability at fair value. Dividends declared on shares classified as a liability are accrued at the expected dividend rate and reflected as interest expense in the Statements of Income. The repurchase or redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock is reflected as a cash outflow in the financing activities section of the Statements of Cash Flows.
If a member cancels its written notice of redemption or notice of withdrawal, the FHLB reclassifies the mandatorily redeemable capital stock from a liability to equity.capital. After the reclassification, dividends on the capital stock are no longer classified as interest expense.
Restricted Retained Earnings. The Joint Capital Enhancement Agreement, as amended (Capital Agreement), provides that the FHLB will, on a quarterly basis, allocate 20 percent of its quarterly net income to a separate restricted retained earnings account until the balance of that account, calculated as of the last day of each calendar quarter, equals at least one percent of the FHLB's average balance of outstanding Consolidated Obligations for the calendar quarter. Additionally, the Capital Agreement provides that amounts in restricted retained earnings in excess of 150 percent of the FHLB's restricted retained earnings minimum (i.e., one percent of the FHLB's average balance of outstanding Consolidated Obligations calculated as of the last day of each calendar quarter) may be released from restricted retained earnings. Restricted retained earnings are not available to pay dividends and are presented separately on the Statements of Condition.
Letters of Credit. The FHLB records commitment fees for Letters of Credit as deferred income when it receives the fees and accretes them using a straight-line methodology over the term of the Letter of Credit. Based upon past experience, the FHLB's management believes that the likelihood of Letters of Credit being drawn upon is remote.
Finance Agency Expenses. The FHLB funds its proportionate share of the costs of operating the Finance Agency. The portion of the Finance Agency's expenses and working capital fund paid by each FHLBank has been allocated based on each FHLBank's pro rata share of total annual assessments (which are based on the ratio between each FHLBank's minimum required regulatory capital and the aggregate minimum required regulatory capital of every FHLBank).
Office of Finance Expenses. The FHLB is assessed for its proportionate share of the costs of operating the Office of Finance. Each FHLBank's proportionate share of Office of Finance operating and capital expenditures is calculated using a formula that is based upon the following components: (1) two-thirds based upon each FHLBank's share of total Consolidated Obligations outstanding and (2) one-third based upon an equal pro rata allocation.
Voluntary Housing Programs. The FHLB classifies amounts awarded under its voluntary housing programs as other non-interest expenses.
Affordable Housing Program (AHP) Assessments. The FHLBank Act requires each FHLBank to establish and fund an AHP. The FHLB charges the required funding for AHP to earnings and establishes a liability. The AHP funds provide subsidies to members to assist in the purchase, construction, or rehabilitation of housing for very low-, low-, and moderate-income households. Currently, the FHLB makes subsidies available to members in the form of grants. However, in previous years, theThe FHLB also providedprovides subsidies in the form of AHP Advances, which wereare issued at interest rates below the customary interest rate for non-subsidized Advances. For an AHP Advance, the present value of the variation in the cash flow caused by the difference in the interest rate between the AHP Advance rate and the FHLB's related cost of funds for comparable maturity funding is charged against the AHP liability and recorded as a discount on the AHP Advance. The discount on AHP Advances is accreted to interest income on Advances using a level-yield methodology over the life of the Advance.
Note 2 - Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance
Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance that improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. Among other things, the new guidance requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, requires segment disclosures for entities with a single reportable segment, and expands interim disclosure requirements. The guidance becomes effective for the FHLB for the annual period ending December 31, 2024 and the interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The FHLB does not intend to adopt this guidance early. At this time, the FHLB expects this new guidance will impact its disclosures, but will not have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, as amended. OnIn March 12, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)FASB issued temporary, optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The transactions primarily include (1) contract modifications, (2) hedging relationships, and (3) sale and/or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. This guidance became effective immediately, andfor the FHLB beginning March 12, 2020 and may elect to apply the amendmentsbe applied through December 31, 2022.2024. The FHLB either elected or plansoptional practical expedients specific to electfair value hedging relationships and contract modifications, and after June 30, 2023, the majority of the optional expedients and exceptions provided, and theFHLB had no further variable-rate exposure to U.S. dollar London Interbank Offered Rate settings. These elections did not have a material effect on the FHLB's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows is not expected to be material. In particular, during the fourth quarter of 2021, the FHLB elected optional practical expedients specific to fair value hedging relationships, which did not have a material effect.flows.
Note 3 - Cash and Due from Banks
Cash and due from banks on the StatementStatements of Condition includes cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, compensating balances, and amounts due from correspondent banks and the Federal Reserve Bank.
Compensating Balances. The FHLB maintains collected cash balances with commercial banks in return for certain services. These agreements contain no legal restrictions on the withdrawal of funds. The average collected cash balances for the years ended December 31, 20212023 and 20202022 were approximately $380,000$764,000 and $260,000,$408,000, respectively.
Note 4 - Investments
The FHLB makes short-term investments in interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and Federal funds sold and may make other investments in debt securities, which are classified as either trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity.
Interest-Bearing Deposits, Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell, and Federal Funds Sold
The FHLB invests in interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and Federal funds sold to provide short-term liquidity. These investments are
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, interest-bearing deposits and Federal funds sold were transacted with counterparties that have received a credit rating of single-A or greater by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). The FHLB’s internal ratings of these counterparties may differ from those issued by an NRSRO.
Federal funds sold are unsecured loans that are generally transacted on an overnight term. Finance Agency regulations include a limit on the amount of unsecured credit the FHLB may extend to a counterparty. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, all investments in interest-bearing deposits and Federal funds sold were repaid or expected to be repaid according to thetheir respective contractual terms. No allowance for credit losses was recorded for these assets at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022. Carrying values of interest-bearing deposits and Federal funds sold exclude accrued interest receivable of (in thousands) $1$8,627 and $10$3,006 as of December 31, 2021,2023, and $72$5,524 and $10$1,299 as of December 31, 2020.2022.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell are short-term and are structured such that they are evaluated regularly to determine if the market value of the underlying securities decreases below the market value required as collateral (i.e., subject to collateral maintenance provisions). If so, the counterparty must place an equivalent amount of additional securities as collateral or remit an equivalent amount of cash, generally by the next business day. Based upon the collateral held as security and collateral maintenance provisions with counterparties, the FHLB determined that no allowance for credit losses was needed for its securities purchased under agreements to resell at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022. The carrying value of securities purchased under agreements to resell excludes accrued interest receivable of (in thousands) $10$2,373 and $13$232 as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively.
Debt Securities
The FHLB invests in debt securities, which are classified as either trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. The FHLB is prohibited by Finance Agency regulations from purchasing certain higher-risk securities, such as equity securities and debt instruments that are not investment quality, other than certain investments targeted at low-income persons or communities andcommunities. The FHLB is not required to divest instruments that experiencedexperience credit deterioration after their purchase by the FHLB.purchase.
Trading Securities
Table 4.1 - Trading Securities by Major Security Types (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Non-mortgage-backed securities (non-MBS): | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 5,030,946 | | | $ | 8,362,211 | |
| GSE obligations | 1,749,661 | | | 2,125,580 | |
| Total non-MBS | 6,780,607 | | | 10,487,791 | |
| Mortgage-backed securities (MBS): | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | 210 | | | 333 | |
| Total MBS | 210 | | | 333 | |
| Total | $ | 6,780,817 | | | $ | 10,488,124 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Non-mortgage-backed securities (non-MBS): | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 248,688 | | | $ | 491,464 | |
| GSE obligations | 1,497,009 | | | 1,488,235 | |
| Total non-MBS | 1,745,697 | | | 1,979,699 | |
| Mortgage-backed securities (MBS): | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | 45 | | | 117 | |
| Total MBS | 45 | | | 117 | |
| Total | $ | 1,745,742 | | | $ | 1,979,816 | |
Table 4.2 - Net Gains (Losses) on Trading Securities (in thousands)
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities held at period end | Net unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities held at period end | | $ | (211,450) | | | $ | 268,392 | | | $ | 210,207 | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities sold/matured during the period | Net gains (losses) on trading securities sold/matured during the period | | (46,047) | | | (10,826) | | | — | |
| Net gains (losses) on trading securities | Net gains (losses) on trading securities | | $ | (257,497) | | | $ | 257,566 | | | $ | 210,207 | |
Available-for-Sale Securities
Table 4.3 - Available-for-Sale Securities by Major Security Types (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value |
| Non-MBS: | Non-MBS: | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 4,475,664 | | | $ | 23,206 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,498,870 | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | 133,058 | | | 2,250 | | | — | | | 135,308 | |
| Total non-MBS | Total non-MBS | 4,608,722 | | | 25,456 | | | — | | | 4,634,178 | |
| MBS: | MBS: | | | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family | |
| GSE multi-family | |
| GSE multi-family | GSE multi-family | 632,276 | | | 2,961 | | | (2,292) | | | 632,945 | |
| Total MBS | Total MBS | 632,276 | | | 2,961 | | | (2,292) | | | 632,945 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 5,240,998 | | | $ | 28,417 | | | $ | (2,292) | | | $ | 5,267,123 | |
| | | | December 31, 2020 |
| | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value |
| | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value |
| Non-MBS: | Non-MBS: | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | $ | 140,600 | | | $ | 1,802 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 142,402 | |
| Total non-MBS | Total non-MBS | 140,600 | | | 1,802 | | | — | | | 142,402 | |
| MBS: | MBS: | | | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family | GSE multi-family | 146,269 | | | 2,916 | | | — | | | 149,185 | |
| GSE multi-family | |
| GSE multi-family | |
| Total MBS | Total MBS | 146,269 | | | 2,916 | | | — | | | 149,185 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 286,869 | | | $ | 4,718 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 291,587 | |
(1)Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion, amortization, and/or fair value hedge accounting adjustments, and excludes accrued interest receivable of (in thousands) $13,014$47,969 and $1,242$40,246 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022, respectively.
Table 4.4 summarizes the available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses, which are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous gross unrealized loss position.
Table 4.4 - Available-for-Sale Securities in a Continuous Gross Unrealized Loss Position (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or more | | Total |
| | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family MBS | $ | 489,983 | | | $ | (2,292) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 489,983 | | | $ | (2,292) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 489,983 | | | $ | (2,292) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 489,983 | | | $ | (2,292) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
All securities outstanding at December 31, 2020 had gross unrealized gains. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2023 |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or more | | Total |
| | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
| Non-MBS: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 5,738,322 | | | $ | (14,385) | | | $ | 907,749 | | | $ | (4,827) | | | $ | 6,646,071 | | | $ | (19,212) | |
| GSE obligations | — | | | — | | | 4,478 | | | (29) | | | 4,478 | | | (29) | |
| Total non-MBS | 5,738,322 | | | (14,385) | | | 912,227 | | | (4,856) | | | 6,650,549 | | | (19,241) | |
| MBS: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family MBS | 1,103,524 | | | (12,797) | | | 1,196,774 | | | (45,195) | | | 2,300,298 | | | (57,992) | |
| Total MBS | 1,103,524 | | | (12,797) | | | 1,196,774 | | | (45,195) | | | 2,300,298 | | | (57,992) | |
| Total | $ | 6,841,846 | | | $ | (27,182) | | | $ | 2,109,001 | | | $ | (50,051) | | | $ | 8,950,847 | | | $ | (77,233) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2022 |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or more | | Total |
| Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
| Non-MBS: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 4,624,895 | | | $ | (12,028) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,624,895 | | | $ | (12,028) | |
| GSE obligations | 9,887 | | | (199) | | | — | | | — | | | 9,887 | | | (199) | |
| Total non-MBS | 4,634,782 | | | (12,227) | | | — | | | — | | | 4,634,782 | | | (12,227) | |
| MBS: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| GSE multi-family MBS | 959,421 | | | (22,519) | | | 359,991 | | | (18,290) | | | 1,319,412 | | | (40,809) | |
| Total MBS | 959,421 | | | (22,519) | | | 359,991 | | | (18,290) | | | 1,319,412 | | | (40,809) | |
| Total | $ | 5,594,203 | | | $ | (34,746) | | | $ | 359,991 | | | $ | (18,290) | | | $ | 5,954,194 | | | $ | (53,036) | |
Table 4.5 - Available-for-Sale Securities by Contractual Maturity (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Year of Maturity | Year of Maturity | Amortized
Cost | | Fair
Value | | Amortized
Cost | | Fair
Value | Year of Maturity | Amortized
Cost | | Fair
Value | | Amortized
Cost | | Fair
Value |
| Non-MBS: | Non-MBS: | | | | | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Due after 1 year through 5 years | Due after 1 year through 5 years | 81,194 | | | 82,185 | | | 11,248 | | | 11,309 | |
| Due after 5 years through 10 years | Due after 5 years through 10 years | 4,515,054 | | | 4,538,945 | | | 116,096 | | | 117,507 | |
| Due after 10 years | Due after 10 years | 12,474 | | | 13,048 | | | 13,256 | | | 13,586 | |
| Total non-MBS | Total non-MBS | 4,608,722 | | | 4,634,178 | | | 140,600 | | | 142,402 | |
MBS (1) | MBS (1) | 632,276 | | | 632,945 | | | 146,269 | | | 149,185 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 5,240,998 | | | $ | 5,267,123 | | | $ | 286,869 | | | $ | 291,587 | |
(1)MBS are not presented by contractual maturity because their expected maturities will likely differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment fees.
Table 4.6 - Interest Rate Payment Terms of Available-for-Sale Securities (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Amortized cost of non-MBS: | Amortized cost of non-MBS: | | | | Amortized cost of non-MBS: | | | |
| Fixed-rate | Fixed-rate | $ | 4,608,722 | | | $ | 140,600 | |
| Total amortized cost of non-MBS | Total amortized cost of non-MBS | 4,608,722 | | | 140,600 | |
| Amortized cost of MBS: | Amortized cost of MBS: | | | |
| Fixed-rate | Fixed-rate | 632,276 | | | 146,269 | |
| Fixed-rate | |
| Fixed-rate | |
| Total amortized cost of MBS | Total amortized cost of MBS | 632,276 | | | 146,269 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 5,240,998 | | | $ | 286,869 | |
The FHLB had no sales of securities out of its available-for-sale portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 or 2019.2021.
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Table 4.7 - Held-to-Maturity Securities by Major Security Types (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 |
| Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross Unrecognized Holding
Gains | | Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 |
| Amortized Cost (1) | | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross Unrecognized Holding
Gains | | Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses | | Fair Value |
| Non-MBS: | Non-MBS: | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 46,879 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 46,879 | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| | Total non-MBS | |
| Total non-MBS | |
| Total non-MBS | Total non-MBS | 46,879 | | | — | | | — | | | 46,879 | |
| MBS: | MBS: | | | | | | | | MBS: | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | U.S. obligation single-family | 1,056,729 | | | 11,553 | | | (8,337) | | | 1,059,945 | |
| GSE single-family | GSE single-family | 1,860,197 | | | 49,026 | | | — | | | 1,909,223 | |
| GSE multi-family | GSE multi-family | 7,252,951 | | | 4,841 | | | (4,018) | | | 7,253,774 | |
| | Total MBS | Total MBS | 10,169,877 | | | 65,420 | | | (12,355) | | | 10,222,942 | |
| Total MBS | |
| Total MBS | |
| Total | Total | $ | 10,216,756 | | | $ | 65,420 | | | $ | (12,355) | | | $ | 10,269,821 | |
| | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross Unrecognized Holding
Gains | | Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses | | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Gross Unrecognized Holding
Gains | | Gross Unrecognized Holding Losses | | Fair Value |
| Non-MBS: | Non-MBS: | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 41,398 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 41,399 | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| | Total non-MBS | Total non-MBS | 41,398 | | | 1 | | | — | | | 41,399 | |
| | Total non-MBS | |
| | Total non-MBS | |
| MBS: | MBS: | | | | | | | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | |
| U.S. obligation single-family | U.S. obligation single-family | 986,399 | | | 41,218 | | | — | | | 1,027,617 | |
| GSE single-family | GSE single-family | 3,013,326 | | | 105,657 | | | (2) | | | 3,118,981 | |
| GSE multi-family | GSE multi-family | 5,607,048 | | | 5,146 | | | (8,055) | | | 5,604,139 | |
| | Total MBS | Total MBS | 9,606,773 | | | 152,021 | | | (8,057) | | | 9,750,737 | |
| Total MBS | |
| Total MBS | |
| Total | Total | $ | 9,648,171 | | | $ | 152,022 | | | $ | (8,057) | | | $ | 9,792,136 | |
(1)Carrying value equals amortized cost. Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion and amortization and excludes accrued interest receivable of (in thousands) $7,461$68,866 and $9,609 as of$48,937 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.
Table 4.8 - Net Purchased Premiums Included in the Amortized Cost of MBS Classified as Held-to-Maturity (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Premiums | $ | 22,640 | | | $ | 18,299 | |
| Discounts | (6,282) | | | (7,269) | |
| Net purchased premiums | $ | 16,358 | | | $ | 11,030 | |
Table 4.94.8 - Held-to-Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Year of Maturity | Year of Maturity | Amortized Cost (1) | | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Fair Value | Year of Maturity | Amortized Cost (1) | | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost (1) | | Fair Value |
| Non-MBS: | Non-MBS: | | | | | | | | Non-MBS: | | | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | 46,879 | | | $ | 46,879 | | | $ | 41,398 | | | $ | 41,399 | |
| Due after 1 year through 5 years | Due after 1 year through 5 years | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Due after 5 years through 10 years | Due after 5 years through 10 years | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Due after 10 years | Due after 10 years | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total non-MBS | Total non-MBS | 46,879 | | | 46,879 | | | 41,398 | | | 41,399 | |
MBS (2) | MBS (2) | 10,169,877 | | | 10,222,942 | | | 9,606,773 | | | 9,750,737 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 10,216,756 | | | $ | 10,269,821 | | | $ | 9,648,171 | | | $ | 9,792,136 | |
(1)Carrying value equals amortized cost.
(2)MBS are not presented by contractual maturity because their expected maturities will likely differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment fees.
Table 4.104.9 - Interest Rate Payment Terms of Held-to-Maturity Securities (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Amortized cost of non-MBS: | Amortized cost of non-MBS: | | | | Amortized cost of non-MBS: | | | |
| Fixed-rate | Fixed-rate | $ | 46,879 | | | $ | 41,398 | |
| | Total amortized cost of non-MBS | Total amortized cost of non-MBS | 46,879 | | | 41,398 | |
| Total amortized cost of non-MBS | |
| Total amortized cost of non-MBS | |
| Amortized cost of MBS: | Amortized cost of MBS: | | | | Amortized cost of MBS: | | | |
| Fixed-rate | Fixed-rate | 2,718,127 | | | 3,677,199 | |
| Variable-rate | Variable-rate | 7,451,750 | | | 5,929,574 | |
| Total amortized cost of MBS | Total amortized cost of MBS | 10,169,877 | | | 9,606,773 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 10,216,756 | | | $ | 9,648,171 | |
From time to time the FHLB may sell securities out of its held-to-maturity portfolio. These securities, generally, have less than 15 percent of the acquired principal outstanding at the time of the sale. These sales are considered maturities for the purposes of security classification. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, the FHLB did not sell any held-to-maturity securities.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities
The FHLB evaluates available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The FHLB’s available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are U.S. Treasury obligations, GSE obligations, and MBS issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae that are backed by single-family or multi-family mortgage loans. The FHLB only purchases securities considered investment quality. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, all available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities were rated single-A, or above, by an NRSRO, based on the lowest long-term credit rating for each security usedowned by the FHLB. The FHLB’s internal ratings of these securities may differ from those obtained from an NRSRO.
The FHLB evaluates individual available-for-sale securities for impairment by comparing the security’s fair value to its amortized cost. Impairment may exist when the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost (i.e., in an unrealized loss position). At December 31, 2021,2023 and 2022, certain available-for-sale securities were in an unrealized loss position. These losses are considered temporary as the FHLB expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis on these available-for-sale investment securities and does not intend to sell these securities nor considers it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of each security's remaining amortized cost basis. Further, the FHLB has not experienced any payment defaults on the instruments. In addition,instruments at December 31, 2023 or 2022 and all of these securities are highly-rated. In the case of U.S. obligations, they carry an implicitexplicit government guarantee. At December 31, 2020, no available-for-saleIn the case of GSE securities, were in an unrealized loss position.they are purchased under the assumption that the issuers' obligation to pay principal and interest on those securities will be honored, taking into account their status as GSEs. As a result, no allowance for credit losses was recorded on these available-for-sale securities at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022.
The FHLB evaluates its held-to-maturity securities for impairment on a collective, or pooled basis, unless an individual assessment is deemed necessary because the securities do not possess similar risk characteristics. As of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the FHLB had not established an allowance for credit loss on any held-to-maturity securities because the securities: (1) were all highly-rated and/or had short remaining terms to maturity, (2) had not experienced, nor did the FHLB expect, any payment default on the instruments, (3) in the case of U.S. obligations, the securities carry an explicit government guarantee
payment default on the instruments, and (3) in the case of U.S., GSE, or other agency obligations, carry an implicit or explicit government guarantee such that the FHLB considered the risk of nonpayment to be zero.zero, and (4) in the case of GSE securities, they are purchased under an assumption that the issuers' obligation to pay principal and interest on those securities will be honored, taking into account their status as GSEs.
Note 5 - Advances
The FHLB offers a wide range of fixed- and variable-rate Advance products with different maturities, interest rates, payment characteristics and optionality. Fixed-rate Advances generally have maturities ranging from one day to 30 years. Variable-rate Advances generally have maturities ranging from less than 30 days to 10 years, where the interest rates reset periodically at a fixed spread to a specified index. The following table presents Advance redemptions by contractual maturity, including index-amortizing Advances, which are presented according to their predetermined amortization schedules.
Table 5.1 - Advances by Redemption Term (dollars in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Redemption Term | Redemption Term | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest
Rate | | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest
Rate | Redemption Term | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest
Rate | | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest
Rate |
| | Overdrawn demand deposit accounts | | Overdrawn demand deposit accounts | $ | 458 | | | 5.54 | % | | $ | — | | | — | % |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | 11,608,264 | | | 0.49 | % | | $ | 12,064,753 | | | 0.75 | % |
| Due after 1 year through 2 years | Due after 1 year through 2 years | 1,451,741 | | | 2.06 | | | 1,986,446 | | | 1.88 | |
| Due after 2 years through 3 years | Due after 2 years through 3 years | 1,832,622 | | | 1.89 | | | 1,445,139 | | | 2.15 | |
| Due after 3 years through 4 years | Due after 3 years through 4 years | 2,486,809 | | | 0.97 | | | 1,809,523 | | | 1.97 | |
| Due after 4 years through 5 years | Due after 4 years through 5 years | 2,168,145 | | | 0.98 | | | 2,361,604 | | | 1.02 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 3,406,837 | | | 1.49 | | | 5,339,932 | | | 1.34 | |
| Total principal amount | Total principal amount | 22,954,418 | | | 0.95 | | | 25,007,397 | | | 1.16 | |
| Commitment fees | Commitment fees | (156) | | | | | (170) | | | | Commitment fees | (81) | | | | | | | (90) | | | | | |
| Discount on Affordable Housing Program (AHP) Advances | (1,382) | | | | | (2,053) | | | |
| | Discounts | Discounts | (1,838) | | | | | (2,046) | | | |
| Hedging adjustments | 104,401 | | | | | 358,173 | | | |
| Discounts | |
| Discounts | | (1,463) | | | | | (2,073) | | | |
| Fair value hedging adjustments | | Fair value hedging adjustments | (87,501) | | | | | (406,255) | | | |
| Fair value option valuation adjustments and accrued interest | Fair value option valuation adjustments and accrued interest | (695) | | | 702 | | |
Total (1) | Total (1) | $ | 23,054,748 | | | | | $ | 25,362,003 | | | |
Total (1) | |
Total (1) | | $ | 73,553,162 | | | | | $ | 67,019,555 | | | |
(1)Carrying values exclude accrued interest receivable of (in thousands) $18,823$366,930 and $26,426 as of$149,255 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022, respectively.
The FHLB offers certain fixedfixed- and variable-rate Advances to members that may be prepaid on specified dates (call dates) without incurring prepayment or termination fees (callable Advances). If the call option is exercised, replacement funding may be available to members. Other Advances may only be prepaid subject to a prepayment fee paid to the FHLB that makes the FHLB financially indifferent to the prepayment of the Advance.
Table 5.2 - Advances by Redemption Term or Next Call Date (in thousands)
| | Redemption Term or Next Call Date | Redemption Term or Next Call Date | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | Redemption Term or Next Call Date | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | Overdrawn demand deposit accounts | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | 14,642,697 | | | $ | 15,375,354 | |
| Due after 1 year through 2 years | Due after 1 year through 2 years | 1,444,659 | | | 1,716,058 | |
| Due after 2 years through 3 years | Due after 2 years through 3 years | 1,809,871 | | | 1,434,377 | |
| Due after 3 years through 4 years | Due after 3 years through 4 years | 1,003,709 | | | 1,785,672 | |
| Due after 4 years through 5 years | Due after 4 years through 5 years | 668,145 | | | 877,504 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 3,385,337 | | | 3,818,432 | |
| Total principal amount | Total principal amount | $ | 22,954,418 | | | $ | 25,007,397 | |
The FHLB also offers putable Advances. With a putable Advance, the FHLB effectively purchases put options from the member that allows the FHLB to terminate the Advance at predetermined dates. The FHLB normally would exercise its put option when interest rates increase relative to contractual rates.
Table 5.3 - Advances by Redemption Term or Next Put Date for Putable Advances (in thousands)
| | Redemption Term or Next Put Date | Redemption Term or Next Put Date | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | Redemption Term or Next Put Date | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | Overdrawn demand deposit accounts | |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | $ | 13,995,514 | | | $ | 14,407,003 | |
| Due after 1 year through 2 years | Due after 1 year through 2 years | 1,511,741 | | | 2,146,446 | |
| Due after 2 years through 3 years | Due after 2 years through 3 years | 1,818,372 | | | 1,485,139 | |
| Due after 3 years through 4 years | Due after 3 years through 4 years | 2,471,809 | | | 1,855,273 | |
| Due after 4 years through 5 years | Due after 4 years through 5 years | 2,160,145 | | | 2,346,604 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 996,837 | | | 2,766,932 | |
| Total principal amount | Total principal amount | $ | 22,954,418 | | | $ | 25,007,397 | |
Table 5.4 - Advances by Interest Rate Payment Terms (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
Fixed-rate (1) | Fixed-rate (1) | | | |
| Due in one year or less | |
| Due in one year or less | |
| Due in one year or less | Due in one year or less | $ | 11,161,638 | | | $ | 9,681,997 | |
| Due after one year | Due after one year | 8,211,221 | | | 9,513,793 | |
Total fixed-rate (1) | Total fixed-rate (1) | 19,372,859 | | | 19,195,790 | |
Variable-rate (1) | Variable-rate (1) | | | |
| Due in one year or less | Due in one year or less | 446,626 | | | 2,382,756 | |
| Due in one year or less | |
| Due in one year or less | |
| Due after one year | Due after one year | 3,134,933 | | | 3,428,851 | |
Total variable-rate (1) | Total variable-rate (1) | 3,581,559 | | | 5,811,607 | |
| Total principal amount | Total principal amount | $ | 22,954,418 | | | $ | 25,007,397 | |
(1)Payment terms based on current interest rate terms, which reflect any option exercises or rate conversions that have occurred subsequent to the related Advance issuance.
Credit Risk Exposure and Security Terms
The FHLB's Advances are made to member financial institutions. The FHLB manages its credit exposure to Advances through an integrated approach that includes establishing a credit limit for each borrower and ongoing review of each borrower's financial condition, coupled with collateral and lending policies to limit risk of loss while balancing borrowers' needs for a reliable source of funding.
In addition, the FHLB lends to eligible borrowers in accordance with federal law and Finance Agency regulations, which require the FHLB to obtain sufficient collateral to fully secure credit products. Under regulation,these regulations, collateral eligible to secure new or renewed Advances includes:
▪one-to-four family mortgage loans (delinquent for no more than 60 days) and multi-family mortgage loans (delinquent for no more than 30 days) and securities representing such mortgages;
▪loans and securities issued and insured, or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any U.S. government agency (for example, mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae);
▪cash or deposits in the FHLB;
▪certain other collateral that is real estate-related, provided that the collateral has a readily ascertainable value, can be reliably discounted to account for liquidation and other risks, can be liquidated in due course and the FHLB can perfect a security interest in it; and
▪certain qualifying securities representing undivided equity interests in eligible Advance collateral.
Residential mortgage loans are the principal form of collateral for Advances. The estimated value of the collateral required to secure each member's credit products is calculated by applying collateral discounts, or haircuts, to the value of the collateral. In addition, community financial institutions are eligible to utilize expanded statutory collateral provisions for small business and agribusiness loans. The FHLB's capital stock owned by its member borrowers is also pledged as collateral. Collateral
arrangements and a member’s borrowing capacity vary based on the financial condition and performance of the institution, the types of collateral pledged and the overall quality of those assets. The FHLB can also require additional or substitute collateral to protect its security interest. The FHLB also has policies and procedures for validating the reasonableness of its collateral valuations and makes changes to its collateral guidelines, as necessary, based on current market conditions. In addition,
collateral verifications and reviews are performed by the FHLB based on the risk profile of the borrower. Management of the FHLB believes that these policies effectively manage the FHLB's credit risk from Advances.
Members experiencing financial difficulties are subject to FHLB-performed “stress tests” ofto evaluate the impact of poorly performing assets on the member’s capital and loss reserve positions. Depending on the results of these tests, and the level of over-collateralization, a member may be allowed to maintain pledged loan assets in its custody, may be required to deliver those loans into the custody of the FHLB or its agent, or may be required to provide details on those loans to facilitate an estimate of their fair value. The FHLB perfects its security interest in all pledged collateral. The FHLBank Act affords any security interest granted to the FHLB by a member priority over the claims or rights of any other party except for claims or rights of a third party that would otherwise be entitled to priority under applicable law and that are held by a bona fide purchaser for value or by a secured party holding a prior perfected security interest.
Using a risk-based approach, the FHLB considers the payment status, collateralization levels, and borrower's financial condition to be indicators of credit quality for its credit products. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the FHLB did not have any Advances that were past due, in non-accrual status or considered impaired. In addition, there were no troubled debt restructurings related tomodifications of Advances of the FHLBwith borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during 20212023 or 2020.2022. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the FHLB had rights to collateral on a member-by-member basis with an estimated value in excess of its outstanding extensions of credit.
Based upon the collateral held as security, its credit extension and collateral policies and the repayment history on Advances, the FHLB did not expect any credit losses on Advances as of December 31, 20212023 and, therefore, no allowance for credit losses on Advances was recorded. For the same reasons, the FHLB did not record any allowance for credit losses on Advances at December 31, 2020.2022.
Advance Concentrations
The FHLB's Advances are concentrated in commercial banks, savings institutions, and insurance companies. Advance borrower concentrations can change significantly due to members' ability to quickly increase or decrease their amount of Advances based on their current funding needs.
Table 5.5 - Borrowers Holding Five Percent or more of Total Advances, Including Any Known Affiliates that are Members of the FHLB (dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| | Principal | | % of Total Principal Amount of Advances | | | Principal | | % of Total Principal Amount of Advances |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 3,272 | | | 14 | % | | U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 4,273 | | | 17 | % |
| Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | 3,179 | | | 14 | | | Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | 3,443 | | | 14 | |
| Protective Life Insurance Company | 2,800 | | | 12 | | | Nationwide Life Insurance Company | 2,062 | | | 8 | |
| Nationwide Life Insurance Company | 2,702 | | | 12 | | | Protective Life Insurance Company | 1,955 | | | 8 | |
| Western-Southern Life Assurance Co. | 1,487 | | | 6 | | | Western-Southern Life Assurance Co. | 1,344 | | | 5 | |
| Total | $ | 13,440 | | | 58 | % | | Total | $ | 13,077 | | | 52 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | Principal | | % of Total Principal Amount of Advances | | | Principal | | % of Total Principal Amount of Advances |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | $ | 14,000 | | | 19 | % | | U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 19,000 | | | 28 | % |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | 10,000 | | | 14 | | | Keybank, N.A. | 11,344 | | | 17 | |
| Keybank, N.A. | 9,836 | | | 13 | | | Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | 4,826 | | | 7 | |
| Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | 5,008 | | | 7 | | | Fifth Third Bank | 4,301 | | | 6 | |
| Fifth Third Bank | 4,001 | | | 5 | | | Nationwide Life Insurance Company | 3,136 | | | 5 | |
| Total | $ | 42,845 | | | 58 | % | | Total | $ | 42,607 | | | 63 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Note 6 - Mortgage Loans
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio represent residential mortgage loans under the Mortgage Purchase Program (MPP) that the FHLB's members originate, credit enhance, and then sell to the FHLB. The FHLB does not service any of these loans. The FHLB plans to retain its existing portfolio of mortgage loans.
Table 6.1 - Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
Fixed rate medium-term single-family mortgage loans (1) | Fixed rate medium-term single-family mortgage loans (1) | $ | 649,052 | | | $ | 731,756 | |
| Fixed rate long-term single-family mortgage loans | 6,752,858 | | | 8,584,239 | |
Fixed rate long-term single-family mortgage loans (2) | |
| Total unpaid principal balance | Total unpaid principal balance | 7,401,910 | | | 9,315,995 | |
| Premiums | Premiums | 168,993 | | | 208,281 | |
| Discounts | Discounts | (1,088) | | | (1,636) | |
Hedging basis adjustments (2) | 18,602 | | | 26,114 | |
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio (3) | 7,588,417 | | | 9,548,754 | |
Hedging basis adjustments (3) | |
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio (4) | |
| Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans | Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans | (233) | | | (248) | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net | Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net | $ | 7,588,184 | | | $ | 9,548,506 | |
(1)Medium-term is defined as aan original term of 15 years or less.
(2)Long-term is defined as an original term of greater than 15 years up to 30 years.
(3)Represents the unamortized balance of the mortgage purchase commitments' market values at the time of settlement. The market value of the commitment is included in the basis of the mortgage loan and amortized accordingly.
(3)(4)Excludes accrued interest receivable of (in thousands) $22,847$23,193 and $30,109$21,846 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022, respectively.
Table 6.2 - Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio by Collateral/Guarantee Type (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Conventional mortgage loans | Conventional mortgage loans | $ | 7,262,740 | | | $ | 9,133,942 | |
| Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage loans | Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage loans | 139,170 | | | 182,053 | |
| Total unpaid principal balance | Total unpaid principal balance | $ | 7,401,910 | | | $ | 9,315,995 | |
Table 6.3 - Members, Including Any Known Affiliates that are Members of the FHLB, and Former Members Selling Five Percent or more of Total Unpaid Principal (dollars in millions)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Principal | | % of Total | | | Principal | | % of Total | | Principal | | % of Total | | | Principal | | % of Total |
| Union Savings Bank | Union Savings Bank | $ | 1,841 | | | 25 | % | | Union Savings Bank | $ | 2,826 | | | 30 | % | Union Savings Bank | $ | 1,513 | | | 22 | | 22 | % | | Union Savings Bank | $ | 1,651 | | | 24 | | 24 | % |
| FirstBank | FirstBank | 565 | | | 8 | | | Guardian Savings Bank FSB | 796 | | | 9 | |
| Guardian Savings Bank FSB | Guardian Savings Bank FSB | 524 | | | 7 | | |
| The Huntington National Bank | |
Credit Risk Exposure
The FHLB manages credit risk exposure for conventional mortgage loans primarily though conservative underwriting and purchasing loans with characteristics consistent with favorable expected credit performance and by applying various credit enhancements.
Credit Enhancements. The conventional mortgage loans under the MPP are primarily supported by some combination of credit enhancements (primary mortgage insurance (PMI), supplemental mortgage insurance (SMI) and the Lender Risk Account (LRA), including pooled LRA for those members participating in an aggregated MPP pool). These credit enhancements apply after a homeowner’s equity is exhausted. Beginning in February 2011, the FHLB discontinued the use of SMI for all new loan purchases and replaced it with expanded use of the LRA. The LRA is funded by the FHLB upfront as a portion of the purchase proceeds.proceeds to cover potential credit losses. The LRA is recorded in other liabilities in the StatementStatements of Condition. Excess funds from the LRA are released to the member in accordance with the terms of the Master Commitment Contract, which is typically after five years, subject to performance of the related loan pool. The LRA established for a pool of loans is limited to only covering losses of that specific pool of loans. Because the FHA makes an explicit guarantee on FHA mortgage loans, the FHLB does not require any credit enhancements on these loans beyond primary mortgage insurance.
Table 6.4 - Changes in the LRA (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | | | |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| LRA at beginning of year | $ | 246,435 | | | $ | 233,476 | | | $ | 213,260 | |
| Additions | 20,181 | | | 28,795 | | | 29,558 | |
| Claims | (3) | | | (101) | | | (113) | |
| Scheduled distributions | (14,303) | | | (15,735) | | | (9,229) | |
| LRA at end of period | $ | 252,310 | | | $ | 246,435 | | | $ | 233,476 | |
Mortgage Loans Forbearance Plans. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the FHLB’s mortgage loan servicers granted a forbearance period to eligible borrowers who have had COVID-19 related hardships regardless of the payment status of the loan at the time of the request. Based on the most recent information received from mortgage servicers, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was approximately (in thousands) $12,192 and $77,207, respectively, in unpaid principal balance of conventional mortgage loans under a forbearance plan as a result of COVID-19, which represented less than one percent of conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio outstanding for each of the periods. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| LRA at beginning of year | $ | 244,254 | | | $ | 252,310 | | | $ | 246,435 | |
| Additions | 8,248 | | | 7,476 | | | 20,181 | |
| Claims | (219) | | | (25) | | | (3) | |
| Scheduled distributions | (13,232) | | | (15,507) | | | (14,303) | |
| LRA at end of period | $ | 239,051 | | | $ | 244,254 | | | $ | 252,310 | |
Payment Status of Mortgage Loans. The key credit quality indicator for conventional mortgage loans is payment status, which allows the FHLB to monitor borrower performance. Past due loans are those where the borrower has failed to make a full payment of principal and interest within one month of its due date. For loans that have been granted a forbearance period as noted above, there have been no permanent changes in the contractual terms of these loans. Accordingly, when a borrower fails to make a full payment of principal and interest within one month of its due date for loans under forbearance, they are considered past due. Table 6.5 presents the payment status of conventional mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the unpaid principal balances of conventional loans under forbearance (in thousands) were $1,664 and $11,381 with a current payment status, $1,024 and $5,933 with a 30 to 59 days past due status, $1,457 and $9,190 with a 60 to 89 days past due status, and $8,047 and $50,703 with a greater than 90 days past due status.
Table 6.5 - Credit Quality Indicator of Conventional Mortgage Loans (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 |
| Origination Year | |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 |
| Origination Year | |
| Payment status, at amortized cost: | |
| Payment status, at amortized cost: | |
| Payment status, at amortized cost: | Payment status, at amortized cost: | Prior to 2017 | | 2017 to 2021 | | Total | Prior to 2019 | | 2019 to 2023 | | Total |
| Past due 30-59 days | Past due 30-59 days | $ | 16,105 | | | $ | 11,557 | | | $ | 27,662 | |
| Past due 60-89 days | Past due 60-89 days | 3,703 | | | 2,533 | | | 6,236 | |
| Past due 90 days or more | Past due 90 days or more | 12,185 | | | 11,623 | | | 23,808 | |
| Total past due mortgage loans | Total past due mortgage loans | 31,993 | | | 25,713 | | | 57,706 | |
| Current mortgage loans | Current mortgage loans | 2,542,107 | | | 4,848,339 | | | 7,390,446 | |
| Total conventional mortgage loans | Total conventional mortgage loans | $ | 2,574,100 | | | $ | 4,874,052 | | | $ | 7,448,152 | |
| | December 31, 2020 |
| Origination Year | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| Origination Year | |
| Payment status, at amortized cost: | |
| Payment status, at amortized cost: | |
| Payment status, at amortized cost: | Payment status, at amortized cost: | Prior to 2016 | | 2016 to 2020 | | Total | Prior to 2018 | | 2018 to 2022 | | Total |
| Past due 30-59 days | Past due 30-59 days | $ | 16,812 | | | $ | 19,036 | | | $ | 35,848 | |
| Past due 60-89 days | Past due 60-89 days | 7,245 | | | 7,553 | | | 14,798 | |
| Past due 90 days or more | Past due 90 days or more | 24,651 | | | 39,921 | | | 64,572 | |
| Total past due mortgage loans | Total past due mortgage loans | 48,708 | | | 66,510 | | | 115,218 | |
| Current mortgage loans | Current mortgage loans | 2,555,139 | | | 6,694,837 | | | 9,249,976 | |
| Total conventional mortgage loans | Total conventional mortgage loans | $ | 2,603,847 | | | $ | 6,761,347 | | | $ | 9,365,194 | |
Other delinquency statistics include loans in process of foreclosure, serious delinquency rates, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and non-accrual loans. Table 6.6 presents other delinquency statistics of mortgage loans.
Table 6.6 - Other Delinquency Statistics (dollars in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 |
| Amortized Cost: | Amortized Cost: | Conventional MPP Loans | | FHA Loans | | Total | Amortized Cost: | Conventional MPP Loans | | FHA Loans | | Total |
In process of foreclosure (1) | In process of foreclosure (1) | $ | 4,424 | | | $ | 501 | | | $ | 4,925 | |
Serious delinquency rate (2) | Serious delinquency rate (2) | 0.32 | % | | 2.00 | % | | 0.35 | % | Serious delinquency rate (2) | 0.14 | % | | 0.98 | % | | 0.16 | % |
Past due 90 days or more still accruing interest (3) | Past due 90 days or more still accruing interest (3) | $ | 23,169 | | | $ | 2,812 | | | $ | 25,981 | |
Loans on non-accrual status (4) | Loans on non-accrual status (4) | $ | 1,617 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,617 | |
| | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| Amortized Cost: | Amortized Cost: | Conventional MPP Loans | | FHA Loans | | Total | Amortized Cost: | Conventional MPP Loans | | FHA Loans | | Total |
In process of foreclosure (1) | In process of foreclosure (1) | $ | 5,031 | | | $ | 617 | | | $ | 5,648 | |
Serious delinquency rate (2) | Serious delinquency rate (2) | 0.69 | % | | 3.28 | % | | 0.74 | % | Serious delinquency rate (2) | 0.18 | % | | 1.32 | % | | 0.19 | % |
Past due 90 days or more still accruing interest (3) | Past due 90 days or more still accruing interest (3) | $ | 58,881 | | | $ | 5,961 | | | $ | 64,842 | |
Loans on non-accrual status (4) | Loans on non-accrual status (4) | $ | 6,721 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,721 | |
(1)Includes loans where the decision of foreclosure or a similar alternative such as pursuit of deed-in-lieu has been reported. During the years endedDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, there were foreclosure moratoriums in effect in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(2)Loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure (including past due or current loans in the process of foreclosure) expressed as a percentage of the total loan portfolio class.
(3)Each conventional loan past due 90 days or more still accruing interest is on a schedule/scheduled monthly settlement basis and contains one or more credit enhancements. Loans that are well secured and in the process of collection as a result of remaining credit enhancements and schedule/scheduled settlement are not placed on non-accrual status.
(4)At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, (in thousands) $1,617$1,162 and $4,776,$971, respectively, of conventional MPP loans on non-accrual status do not have a related allowance because these loans were either previously charged off to their expected recoverable value and/or the fair value of the underlying collateral, including any credit enhancements, is greater than the amortized cost of the loans.
The FHLB did not have any real estate owned at December 31, 20212023 or 2020.2022.
Troubled Debt RestructuringsMortgage Loan Modifications. A troubled debt restructuring is considered to have occurred when a concession is granted to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related toUnder certain circumstances, the borrower's financial difficulties and that concession would not have been considered otherwise. The FHLB's troubled debt restructurings primarily involve loans where an agreement permits the recapitalizationFHLB offers loan modifications within its MPP. Most commonly, loan modifications consist of capitalization of any past due amounts up tointerest with a corresponding increase in unpaid principal and a recast of the originalmonthly principal and interest payment. Less frequently, loan amount and certain loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy.modifications may include interest rate reductions, term extensions, balloon payments, or a combination of these types. The FHLB's amortized cost inbasis of mortgage loans modified loans considered troubled debt restructuringswith borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023 was (in thousands) $19,970 and $18,888 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.$5,278. The amountfinancial effect of troubled debt restructurings isthe modifications was not considered material to the FHLB'sFHLB’s financial condition or results of operations, or cash flows.operations.
Evaluation of Current Expected Credit Losses
Mortgage Loans - FHA. The FHLB invests in fixed-rate mortgage loans secured by one to four familyone-to-four-family residential properties insured by the FHA. The FHLB expects to recover any losses from such loans from the FHA. Any losses from these loans that are not recovered from the FHA would be caused by a claim rejection by the FHA and, as such, would be recoverable from the selling participating financial institutions. Therefore, the FHLB only has credit risk for these loans if the seller or servicer fails to pay for losses not covered by the FHA insurance, but in such instance, the FHLB would have recourse against the servicer for such failure. As a result, the FHLB did not record an allowance for credit losses on its FHA insured mortgage loans. Furthermore, due to the insurance, none of these mortgage loans have been placed on non-accrual status.
Mortgage Loans - Conventional MPP. Conventional loans are evaluated collectively when similar risk characteristics exist; loans that do not share risk characteristics with other pools are removed from the collective evaluation and evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis. For loans with similar risk characteristics, the FHLB determines the allowance for credit losses through analyses that include considering various loan portfolio and collateral-related characteristics, such as past performance, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of expected economic conditions. The FHLB uses a model that employs a variety of methods, such as projected cash flows to estimate expected credit losses over the life of the loans. This model relies on a number of inputs, such as both current and forecasted property values and interest rates, as well as historical borrower behavior experience. The FHLB’s calculation of expected credit losses includes a forecast of home prices over the entire contractual terms of its conventional loans rather than a reversion to historical home price trends after an initial forecast period. The FHLB also incorporates associated credit enhancements to determine estimated expected credit losses.
Certain conventional loans may be evaluated for credit losses by using the practical expedient for collateral dependent assets. A mortgage loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be substantially through the sale of the underlying collateral. The FHLB may estimate the fair value of this collateral by either applying an appropriate loss severity rate, using third-party estimates, or using a property valuation model. The expected credit loss of a collateral dependent mortgage loan is equal to the difference between the amortized cost of the loan and the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs. The FHLB will either reserve for these estimated losses or record a direct charge-off of the loan balance, if certain triggering criteria are met. Expected recoveries of prior charge-offs, if any, are included in the allowance for credit losses.
The FHLB also assesses other qualitative factors in its estimation of loan losses for the collectively evaluated population. This amount represents a subjective management judgment, based on facts and circumstances that exist as of the reporting date, which is intended to cover other expected losses that may not otherwise be captured in the methodology described above.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Conventional Mortgage Loans. The FHLB established anAt December 31, 2023 and 2022 the FHLB's allowance for credit losses on its conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio.portfolio was (in thousands) $316 and $301, respectively.The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on conventional mortgage loans.
Table 6.7 - Allowance for Credit Losses on Conventional Mortgage Loans (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Years Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 (1) |
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 248 | | | $ | 711 | | | $ | 840 | |
| Adjustment for cumulative effect of accounting change | — | | | (366) | | | — | |
| Net charge offs | (15) | | | (97) | | | (129) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance, end of period | $ | 233 | | | $ | 248 | | | $ | 711 | |
| | | | | |
| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
(1)Prior to the adoption of the current accounting guidance, the FHLB's allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans consisted of an estimate of incurred losses from individually evaluated mortgage loans, including collateral dependent mortgage loans; collectively evaluated mortgage loans; and other relevant qualitative factors.
Note 7 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Nature of Business Activity
The FHLB is exposed to interest rate risk primarily from the effect of changes in interest rates. The goal of the FHLB's interest-rate risk management strategy is not to eliminate interest-rate risk, but to manage it within appropriate limits. To mitigate the risk of loss, the FHLB has established policies and procedures, which include guidelines on the amount of exposure to interest rate changes it is willing to accept. In addition, the FHLB monitors the risk to its interest income, net interest margin and average maturity of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The FHLB uses derivatives when they are considered to be the most cost-effective alternative to achieve the FHLB's financial and risk management objectives.
The FHLB transacts its derivatives with counterparties that are large banks and major broker-dealers. Some of these banks and broker-dealers or their affiliates buy, sell, and distribute Consolidated Obligations. Derivative transactions may be executed either with a counterparty, referred to as uncleared derivatives, or cleared through a Futures Commission Merchant (i.e., clearing agent) with a Derivative Clearing Organization, referred to as cleared derivatives. Once a derivative transaction has been accepted for clearing by a
Derivative Clearing Organization (Clearinghouse), the executing counterparty is replaced with the Clearinghouse. The FHLB is not a derivative dealer and does not trade derivatives for short-term profit.
Consistent with Finance Agency regulations, the FHLB enters into derivatives to manage the interest rate risk exposures inherent in otherwise unhedged assets and funding positions, to achieve the FHLB's risk management objectives and to act as an intermediary between its members and counterparties. The use of derivatives is an integral part of the FHLB's financial management strategy. However, Finance Agency regulations and the FHLB's financial management policy prohibit trading in, or the speculative use of, derivative instruments and limit credit risk arising from them.
The most common ways in which the FHLB uses derivatives are to:
▪reduce the interest rate sensitivity and repricing gaps of assets and liabilities;
▪preserve a favorable interest rate spread between the yield of an asset (e.g., an Advance) and the cost of the related liability (e.g., the Consolidated Obligation used to fund the Advance);
▪manage embedded options in assets and liabilities;
▪reduce funding costs by combining a derivative with a Consolidated Obligation, as the cost of a combined funding structure can be lower than the cost of a comparable Consolidated Obligation; and
▪protect the value of existing asset or liability positions.
Types of Derivatives
The FHLB primarily uses the following derivative instruments:
Interest rate swaps - An interest rate swap is an agreement between two entities to exchange cash flows in the future. The agreement sets the dates on which the cash flows will be exchanged and the manner in which the cash flows will be calculated. One of the simplest forms of an interest rate swap involves the promise by one party to pay cash flows equivalent to the interest on a notional principal amount at a predetermined fixed rate for a given period of time. In return for this promise, this party receives cash flows equivalent to the interest on the same notional principal amount at a variable-rate index for the same period of time. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the variable-rates transactedreceived or paid by the FHLB in its derivatives includederivative transactions were based on the Federal Funds Overnight Index Swap (OIS), and Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), and London InterBank Offering Rate (LIBOR).
Swaptions - A swaption is an option on a swap that gives the buyer the right to enter into a specified interest rate swap at a certain time in the future. The FHLB may enter into both payer swaptions and receiver swaptions. A payer swaption is the option to make fixed interest payments at a later date and a receiver swaption is the option to receive fixed interest payments at a later date.
Forwards Contracts - Forwards contracts gives the buyer the right to buy or sell a specific type of asset at a specific time at a given price. For example, certain mortgage delivery commitments entered into by the FHLB are considered derivatives. The FHLB may hedge these commitments by selling to-be-announced (TBA) mortgage-backed securities for forward settlement. A TBA represents a forward contract for the sale of mortgage-backed securities at a future agreed upon date for an established price.
Application of Derivatives
The FHLB documents at inception all relationships between derivatives designated as hedging instruments and the hedged items, its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedge transactions, and its method of assessing hedge effectiveness. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to assets and liabilities on the Statements of Condition.
The FHLB may use certain derivatives as fair value hedges of associated financial instruments. However, because the FHLB uses derivatives when they are considered to be the most cost-effective alternative to achieve the FHLB's financial and risk management objectives, it may enter into derivatives that do not necessarily qualify for hedge accounting (economic hedges). The FHLB re-evaluates its hedging strategies from time to time and may change the hedging techniques it uses or adopt new strategies.
Types of Hedged Items
The types of assets and liabilities currently hedged with derivatives are:
Investments - The interest rate and prepayment risks associated with the FHLB's investment securities are managed through a combination of debt issuance and derivatives. The FHLB may manage the prepayment and interest rate risk by funding investment securities with Consolidated Obligations that have call features or by hedging these risks with interest rate swaps caps or floors, or swaptions. The FHLB may also manage the risk arising from changing market prices and volatility of investment securities by entering into economic derivatives that generally offset the changes in fair value of the securities. Derivatives held by the FHLB that are associated with trading and held-to-maturity securities are designated as economic hedges, and derivatives specifically linked to individual available-for-sale securities may qualify as fair value hedges or be designated as economic hedges.
Advances - The FHLB offers a wide range of fixed- and variable-rate Advance products with different maturities, interest rates, payment characteristics, and optionality. The FHLB may use derivatives to manage the repricing and/or option characteristics of Advances in order to more closely match the characteristics of the FHLB's funding liabilities. In general, whenever a member executes a fixed-rate Advance or a variable-rate Advance with embedded options, the FHLB may simultaneously execute a derivative with terms that offset the terms and embedded options in the Advance. For example, the FHLB may hedge
a fixed-rate Advance with an interest rate swap where the FHLB pays a fixed-rate and receives a variable-rate, effectively converting the fixed-rate Advance to a variable-rate Advance. These types of hedges are typically treated as fair value hedges.
When issuing a putable Advance, the FHLB effectively purchases a put option from the member that allows the FHLB to put or extinguish the fixed-rate Advance, which the FHLB normally would exercise when interest rates increase. The FHLB may hedge these Advances by entering into a cancelable derivative.
Mortgage Loans - The FHLB invests in fixed-rate mortgage loans. The prepayment options embedded in mortgage loans can result in extensions or contractions in the expected repayment of these investments, depending on changes in actual and estimated prepayment speeds. The FHLB may manage the interest rate and prepayment risks associated with mortgage loans through a combination of debt issuance and derivatives. The FHLB issues both callable and non-callable debt and prepayment linked Consolidated Obligations to achieve cash flow patterns and liability durations similar to those expected on the mortgage loans. The FHLB may purchase swaptions to minimize the prepayment risk embedded in mortgage loans. Although these derivatives are valid economic hedges against the prepayment risk of the loans, they are not specifically linked to individual loans and therefore do not receive fair value hedge accounting. These derivatives are marked-to-market through earnings.
Consolidated Obligations - The FHLB may enter into derivatives to hedge the interest rate risk associated with its debt issuances. The FHLB manages the risk arising from changing market prices and volatility of a Consolidated Obligation by matching the cash inflow on a derivative with the cash outflow on the Consolidated Obligation.
For example, fixed-rate Consolidated Obligations are issued and the FHLB may simultaneously enter into a matching interest rate swap in which the counterparty pays fixed cash flows to the FHLB designed to mirror in timing and amount the cash outflows the FHLB pays on the Consolidated Obligation. The FHLB pays a variable cash flow that closely matches the interest payments it receives on short-term or variable-rate Advances. These transactions are treated as fair value hedges.
This strategy of issuing Consolidated Obligations while simultaneously entering into derivatives enables the FHLB to offer a wider range of attractively priced Advances to its members and may allow the FHLB to reduce its funding costs. The continued attractiveness of such debt depends on yield relationships between the FHLB's Consolidated Obligations and the derivative markets. If conditions in these markets change, the FHLB may alter the types or terms of the Consolidated Obligations.
Firm Commitments - Certain mortgage loan purchase commitments, such as mortgage delivery commitments, are considered derivatives. The FHLB may hedge these commitments by selling TBA mortgage-backed securities for forward settlement. The mortgage loan purchase commitment and the TBA used in the firm commitment hedging strategy are treated as an economic hedge and are marked-to-market through earnings. When the mortgage loan purchase commitment derivative settles, the current market value of the commitment is included in the basis of the mortgage loan and amortized accordingly.
Financial Statement Effect and Additional Financial Information
The notional amount of derivatives serves as a factor in determining periodic interest payments or cash flows received and paid. The notional amount reflects the FHLB's involvement in the various classes of financial instruments and represents neither the actual amounts exchanged nor the overall exposure of the FHLB to credit and market risk; the overall risk is much smaller.risk. The
risks of derivatives only can be measured meaningfully on a portfolio basis that takes into account the counterparties, the types of derivatives, the items being hedged and any offsets between the derivatives and the items being hedged.
Table 7.1 summarizes the notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments and total derivative assets and liabilities. Total derivative assets and liabilities include the effect of netting adjustments and cash collateral. For purposes of this disclosure, the derivative values include the fair value of derivatives and the related accrued interest.
Table 7.1 - Fair Value of Derivative Instruments (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Notional Amount of Derivatives | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities | | Notional Amount of Derivatives | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
| Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments: | Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments: | | | | | | Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments: | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | Interest rate swaps | $ | 13,720,290 | | | $ | 710 | | | $ | 77,992 | |
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | | | | | | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | Interest rate swaps | 24,059,664 | | | 1,919 | | | 291 | |
| Interest rate swaptions | Interest rate swaptions | 1,219,000 | | | 532 | | | — | |
| | Mortgage delivery commitments | Mortgage delivery commitments | 249,581 | | | 77 | | | 829 | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 25,528,245 | | | 2,528 | | | 1,120 | |
| Total derivatives before adjustments | Total derivatives before adjustments | $ | 39,248,535 | | | 3,238 | | | 79,112 | |
Netting adjustments and cash collateral (1) | Netting adjustments and cash collateral (1) | | | 294,498 | | | (75,821) | |
| Total derivative assets and total derivative liabilities | Total derivative assets and total derivative liabilities | | | $ | 297,736 | | | $ | 3,291 | |
| | | | December 31, 2020 |
| | | Notional Amount of Derivatives | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
| | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | | Notional Amount of Derivatives | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
| Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments: | Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments: | | | | | | Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments: | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | Interest rate swaps | $ | 10,477,703 | | | $ | 272 | | | $ | 163,174 | |
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | |
| Interest rate swaps | Interest rate swaps | 13,267,539 | | | 691 | | | 2,563 | |
| Interest rate swaps | |
| Interest rate swaps | |
| Interest rate swaptions | Interest rate swaptions | 2,175,000 | | | 713 | | | — | |
| | Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | Mortgage delivery commitments | 137,352 | | | 1,056 | | | — | |
| Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 15,579,891 | | | 2,460 | | | 2,563 | |
| Total derivatives before adjustments | Total derivatives before adjustments | $ | 26,057,594 | | | 2,732 | | | 165,737 | |
Netting adjustments and cash collateral (1) | Netting adjustments and cash collateral (1) | | | 213,156 | | | (161,924) | |
| Total derivative assets and total derivative liabilities | Total derivative assets and total derivative liabilities | | | $ | 215,888 | | | $ | 3,813 | |
(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the FHLB to settle positive and negative positions, and also cash collateral, including accrued interest, held or placed by the FHLB with the same clearing agent and/or counterparty. Cash collateral posted, including accrued interest, was (in thousands) $370,779$98,438 and $375,390$533,270 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022, respectively. Cash collateral received, including accrued interest, was (in thousands) $460$103,483 and $310$5,917 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022, respectively.
Table 7.2 presents the impact of qualifying fair value hedging relationships on net interest income as well as the total interest income (expense) by product.
Table 7.2 - Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships on Net Interest Income (in thousands)
| | | | For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | | For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
| Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| Advances | | | Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| Total interest income (expense) recorded in the Statements of Income | Total interest income (expense) recorded in the Statements of Income | $ | 134,600 | | | $ | 7,228 | | | $ | (343,495) | |
| Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps: | Interest rate swaps: | |
| Interest rate swaps: | |
| Interest rate swaps: | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | Net interest settlements | $ | (109,824) | | | $ | (20,521) | | | $ | 1,137 | |
| Gain (loss) on derivatives | Gain (loss) on derivatives | 254,151 | | | 71,732 | | | (3,217) | |
| Gain (loss) on hedged items | Gain (loss) on hedged items | (254,112) | | | (71,331) | | | 3,190 | |
Price alignment amount (1) | |
| Effect on net interest income | Effect on net interest income | $ | (109,785) | | | $ | (20,120) | | | $ | 1,110 | |
| | For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 | | | For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
| Advances | | | Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| Total interest income (expense) recorded in the Statements of Income | Total interest income (expense) recorded in the Statements of Income | $ | 434,815 | | | $ | 4,782 | | | $ | (541,996) | |
| Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps: | Interest rate swaps: | |
| Interest rate swaps: | |
| Interest rate swaps: | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | Net interest settlements | $ | (90,959) | | | $ | (2,484) | | | $ | 1,652 | |
| Gain (loss) on derivatives | Gain (loss) on derivatives | (263,046) | | | (5,209) | | | 1,477 | |
| Gain (loss) on hedged items | Gain (loss) on hedged items | 247,059 | | | 4,826 | | | (1,377) | |
Price alignment amount (1) | |
| Effect on net interest income | Effect on net interest income | $ | (106,946) | | | $ | (2,867) | | | $ | 1,752 | |
| | | | | For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| | Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| | | For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| Advances | | | Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| Total interest income (expense) recorded in the Statements of Income | Total interest income (expense) recorded in the Statements of Income | $ | 1,195,128 | | | $ | 27,691 | | | $ | (1,033,508) | |
| Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships | Impact of Fair Value Hedging Relationships | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps: | Interest rate swaps: | |
| Interest rate swaps: | |
| Interest rate swaps: | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | Net interest settlements | $ | 36,052 | | | $ | (311) | | | $ | 1,637 | |
| Gain (loss) on derivatives | Gain (loss) on derivatives | (160,006) | | | (6,402) | | | 945 | |
| Gain (loss) on hedged items | Gain (loss) on hedged items | 153,435 | | | 6,307 | | | (905) | |
Price alignment amount (1) | |
| Effect on net interest income | Effect on net interest income | $ | 29,481 | | | $ | (406) | | | $ | 1,677 | |
|
(1) This amount is for derivatives for which variation margin is characterized as a daily settled contract.
Table 7.3 presents the cumulative basis adjustments on hedged items designated as fair value hedges and the related amortized cost of the hedged items.
Table 7.3 - Cumulative Basis Adjustments for Fair Value Hedges (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 |
| Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| | December 31, 2023 | | | | December 31, 2023 |
| | Advances | | | | Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
Amortized cost of hedged asset or liability (1) | Amortized cost of hedged asset or liability (1) | | $ | 8,089,716 | | | $ | 5,238,549 | | | $ | 450,369 | |
| Fair value hedging adjustments | Fair value hedging adjustments | | | | | | |
| Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | |
| Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | |
| Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | | $ | 103,468 | | | $ | (61,734) | | | $ | (1,104) | |
| Basis adjustments for discontinued hedging relationships included in amortized cost | Basis adjustments for discontinued hedging relationships included in amortized cost | | 933 | | | 2,627 | | | — | |
| Total amount of fair value hedging basis adjustments | Total amount of fair value hedging basis adjustments | | $ | 104,401 | | | $ | (59,107) | | | $ | (1,104) | |
| | December 31, 2020 |
| Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
| | December 31, 2022 | |
| | December 31, 2022 | |
| | December 31, 2022 | |
| | Advances | | | | Advances | | Available-for-Sale Securities | | Consolidated Bonds |
Amortized cost of hedged asset or liability (1) | Amortized cost of hedged asset or liability (1) | | $ | 10,483,218 | | | $ | 286,869 | | | $ | 132,852 | |
| Fair value hedging adjustments | Fair value hedging adjustments | | | | | | |
| Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | | $ | 356,624 | | | $ | 11,751 | | | $ | 2,086 | |
| Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | |
| Basis adjustments for active hedging relationships included in amortized cost | |
| Basis adjustments for discontinued hedging relationships included in amortized cost | Basis adjustments for discontinued hedging relationships included in amortized cost | | 1,549 | | | 389 | | | — | |
| Total amount of fair value hedging basis adjustments | Total amount of fair value hedging basis adjustments | | $ | 358,173 | | | $ | 12,140 | | | $ | 2,086 | |
(1) Includes only the portion of amortized cost representing the hedged items in active or discontinued fair value hedging relationships. Amortized cost includes fair value hedging adjustments.
Table 7.4 presents net gains (losses) recorded in non-interest income (loss) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
Table 7.4 - Net Gains (Losses) Recorded in Non-interest Income (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (in thousands)
| | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | | | | | |
| Economic hedges: | Economic hedges: | |
| Economic hedges: | |
| Economic hedges: | |
| Interest rate swaps | |
| Interest rate swaps | |
| Interest rate swaps | Interest rate swaps | $ | 242,731 | | | $ | (227,781) | | | $ | (142,193) | |
| Interest rate swaptions | Interest rate swaptions | (181) | | | 90,594 | | | (19,019) | |
| Forward rate agreements | — | | | (31,935) | | | (10,619) | |
| | Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | |
| Net interest settlements | Net interest settlements | (163,533) | | | (127,098) | | | (24,363) | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | Mortgage delivery commitments | 3,119 | | | 21,549 | | | 14,904 | |
| Total net gains (losses) related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Total net gains (losses) related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 82,136 | | | (274,671) | | | (181,290) | |
Price alignment amount (1) | Price alignment amount (1) | 128 | | | 1,418 | | | 3,378 | |
| Net gains (losses) on derivatives | Net gains (losses) on derivatives | $ | 82,264 | | | $ | (273,253) | | | $ | (177,912) | |
| | |
(1) This amount is for derivatives for which variation margin is characterized as a daily settled contract.
Credit Risk on Derivatives
The FHLB is subject to credit risk due togiven the risk of non-performance by counterparties to its derivative transactions and manages credit risk through credit analysis,analyses of derivative counterparties, collateral requirements and adherence to the requirements set forth in its policies, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulations, and Finance Agency regulations.
For uncleared derivatives, the degree of credit risk depends on the extent to which master netting arrangements are included in these contracts to mitigate thethis risk. The FHLB requires collateral agreements on its uncleared derivatives with the collateral delivery threshold set to zero.
For cleared derivatives, the Clearinghouse is the FHLB's counterparty. The Clearinghouse notifies the clearing agent of the required initial and variation margin and the clearing agent in turn notifies the FHLB. The FHLB utilizes two Clearinghouses for all cleared derivative transactions, LCH Ltd. and CME Clearing. At both Clearinghouses, variation margin is characterized as daily settlement payments, while initial margin is considered to be collateral. The requirement that the FHLB post initial and variation margin through the clearing agent, to the Clearinghouse, exposes the FHLB to credit risk if the clearing agent or the Clearinghouse fails to meet its obligations. The use of cleared derivatives is intended to mitigate credit risk exposure because a central counterparty is substituted for individual counterparties and collateral/payments for changes in the value of cleared derivatives is posted daily through a clearing agent. On the Statements of Cash Flows, the variation margin cash payments, or daily settlement payments, are included in net change in derivative and hedging activities, as an operating activity.
For cleared derivatives, the Clearinghouse determines initial margin requirements and generally credit ratings are not factored into the initial margin. However, clearing agents may require additional initial margin to be posted based on credit considerations, including, but not limited to, credit rating downgrades. At December 31, 2021,2023, the FHLB was not required to post additional initial margin by its clearing agents based on credit considerations.
Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Derivative Liabilities
The FHLB presents derivative instruments, related cash collateral received or pledged, and associated accrued interest, on a net basis by clearing agent and/or by counterparty when it has met the netting requirements.
The FHLB has analyzed the enforceability of offsetting rights incorporated in its cleared derivative transactions, and it expects that the exercise of those offsetting rights by a non-defaulting party under these transactions would be upheld under applicable law upon an event of default, including bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding involving the Clearinghouse or the FHLB's clearing agent, or both. Based on this analysis, the FHLB presents a net derivative receivable or payable for all of its transactions through a particular clearing agent with a particular Clearinghouse.
Table 7.5 presents separately the fair value of derivative instruments meeting or not meeting netting requirements, including the related collateral. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the FHLB did not receive or pledge any non-cash collateral. Any over-collateralization under an individual clearing agent and/or counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net unsecured amount.
Table 7.5 - Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Derivative Liabilities (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 |
| Derivative Instruments Meeting Netting Requirements | | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | | Gross Amount of Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral | | Derivative Instruments Not Meeting Netting Requirements (1) | | Total Derivative Assets and Total Derivative Liabilities | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| December 31, 2023 | |
| Derivative Instruments Meeting Netting Requirements | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | |
| Derivative Assets: | |
| Derivative Assets: | |
| Derivative Assets: | Derivative Assets: | | | | | | | | |
| Uncleared | Uncleared | $ | 1,892 | | | $ | (1,748) | | | $ | 77 | | | $ | 221 | | |
| Uncleared | |
| Uncleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | Cleared | 1,269 | | | 296,246 | | | — | | | 297,515 | | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 297,736 | | |
| Total | |
| Total | |
| Derivative Liabilities: | |
| Derivative Liabilities: | |
| Derivative Liabilities: | Derivative Liabilities: | | | |
| Uncleared | Uncleared | $ | 77,126 | | | $ | (74,664) | | | $ | 829 | | | $ | 3,291 | | |
| Uncleared | |
| Uncleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | Cleared | 1,157 | | | (1,157) | | | — | | | — | | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 3,291 | | |
| Total | |
| Total | |
| | December 31, 2022 | |
| | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| | Derivative Instruments Meeting Netting Requirements | | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | | Gross Amount of Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral | | Derivative Instruments Not Meeting Netting Requirements (1) | | Total Derivative Assets and Total Derivative Liabilities | |
| December 31, 2022 | |
| Derivative Instruments Meeting Netting Requirements | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | |
| Gross Recognized Amount | |
| Derivative Assets: | |
| Derivative Assets: | |
| Derivative Assets: | Derivative Assets: | | | | | | | | |
| Uncleared | Uncleared | $ | 1,047 | | | $ | (1,047) | | | $ | 1,056 | | | $ | 1,056 | | |
| Uncleared | |
| Uncleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | Cleared | 629 | | | 214,203 | | | — | | | 214,832 | | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 215,888 | | |
| Total | |
| Total | |
| Derivative Liabilities: | |
| Derivative Liabilities: | |
| Derivative Liabilities: | Derivative Liabilities: | | | |
| Uncleared | Uncleared | $ | 161,633 | | | $ | (157,820) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,813 | | |
| Uncleared | |
| Uncleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | |
| Cleared | Cleared | 4,104 | | | (4,104) | | | — | | | — | | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 3,813 | | |
| Total | |
| Total | |
(1) RepresentsIncludes mortgage delivery commitments that are not subject to an enforceable netting agreement.
(2) Any over-collateralization at the individual clearing agent and/or counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net amount. At December 31, 2023, the FHLB had additional net credit exposure of (in thousands) $810,559 due to instances where the FHLB's non-cash collateral to a counterparty exceeded the FHLB's net derivative position.
Note 8 - Deposits
The FHLB offers demand and overnight deposits to members and to qualifying nonmembers. In addition, the FHLB offers short-term interest-bearing deposit programs to members, and in certain cases, to qualifying nonmembers. A member that services mortgage loans may deposit funds collected in connection with the mortgage loans at the FHLB, pending disbursement of such funds to the owners of the mortgage loans.funds. The FHLB classifies these funds as other interest-bearing deposits. Deposits classified as demand, overnight, and other pay interest based on a daily interest rate. Term deposits pay interest based on a fixed rate determined at the issuance of the deposit.
Certain financial institutions have agreed to maintain compensating balances in consideration for correspondent and other non-credit services. These balances are included in interest-bearing deposits on the accompanying financial statements. The compensating balances required to be held by the FHLB averaged (in thousands) $344,648 and $271,195 during 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Table 8.1 - Deposits (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Interest-bearing: | Interest-bearing: | | | | Interest-bearing: | | | |
| Demand and overnight | Demand and overnight | $ | 1,353,490 | | | $ | 1,190,508 | |
| Term | Term | 53,650 | | | 123,675 | |
| Other | Other | 8,511 | | | 13,019 | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | Total interest-bearing deposits | $ | 1,415,651 | | | $ | 1,327,202 | |
|
Note 9 - Consolidated Obligations
Consolidated Obligations consist of Consolidated Bonds and Discount Notes. The FHLBanks issue Consolidated Obligations through the Office of Finance as their agent. In connection with each debt issuance, each FHLBank specifies the amount of debt it wants issued on its behalf. The Office of Finance tracks the amount of debt issued on behalf of each FHLBank. In addition, the FHLBank records as a liability its specific portion of Consolidated Obligations for which it is the primary obligor.
The Finance Agency and the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury oversee the issuance of FHLBank debt through the Office of Finance. Consolidated Bonds may be issued to raise short-, intermediate-, and long-term funds for the FHLBanks and are not subject to any statutory or regulatory limits on maturity. Consolidated Discount Notes are issued primarily to raise short-term funds and have original maturities up to one year. These notes generally sell at less than their face amount and are redeemed at par value when they mature.
Although the FHLB is primarily liable for its portion of Consolidated Obligations, the FHLB is also jointly and severally liable with the other 10 FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on all Consolidated Obligations of each of the other FHLBanks. The Finance Agency, at its discretion, may require any FHLBank to make principal or interest payments due on any Consolidated Obligation whether or not the Consolidated Obligation represents a primary liability of such FHLBank. Although an FHLBank has never paid the principal or interest payments due on a Consolidated Obligation on behalf of another FHLBank, if that event should occur, Finance Agency regulations provide that the paying FHLBank is entitled to reimbursement from the FHLBank that is primarily liable for that Consolidated Obligation for any payments and other associated costs, including interest to be determined by the Finance Agency. If, however, that FHLBank is unable to satisfy its repayment obligations, the Finance Agency may allocate the outstanding liabilities of that FHLBank among the remaining FHLBanks on a pro rata basis in proportion to each FHLBank's participation in all Consolidated Obligations outstanding or in any other manner it may determine to ensure that the FHLBanks operate in a safe and sound manner.
The par values of the 11 FHLBanks' outstanding Consolidated Obligations were approximately $652.9$1,204.3 billion and $746.8$1,181.7 billion at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively. Finance Agency regulations require the FHLB to maintain unpledged qualifying assets equal to its participation in the Consolidated Obligations outstanding. Qualifying assets are defined as cash; secured Advances; obligations of or fully guaranteed by the United States; and investments (i.e., obligations, participations or other instruments of or issued by Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae; mortgage, obligations, or other securities which are or ever have been sold by Freddie Mac; and such securities as fiduciary and trust funds may invest in under the laws of the state in which the FHLB is located). Any assets subject to a lien or pledge for the benefit of holders of any issue of Consolidated Obligations are treated as if they were free from lien or pledge for purposes of compliance with these regulations.
Table 9.1 - Consolidated Discount Notes Outstanding (dollars in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Carrying Value | | Principal Amount | | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 29,837,696 | | | $ | 29,843,992 | | | 0.05 | % |
| December 31, 2020 | $ | 27,500,244 | | | $ | 27,502,730 | | | 0.11 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Carrying Value | | Principal Amount | | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |
| December 31, 2023 | $ | 23,690,526 | | | $ | 23,837,675 | | | 5.22 | % |
| December 31, 2022 | $ | 40,691,180 | | | $ | 41,007,526 | | | 3.95 | % |
(1)Represents an implied rate without consideration of concessions.
Table 9.2 - Consolidated Bonds Outstanding by Original Contractual Maturity (dollars in thousands)
| | | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Year of Original Contractual Maturity | Year of Original Contractual Maturity | | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Year of Original Contractual Maturity | | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | Amount | | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | | $ | 12,828,885 | | | 0.55 | % | | $ | 18,676,595 | | | 0.72 | % | Due in 1 year or less | | $ | 59,008,905 | | | 5.30 | | 5.30 | % | | $ | 48,105,620 | | | 4.00 | | 4.00 | % |
| Due after 1 year through 2 years | Due after 1 year through 2 years | | 3,836,120 | | | 1.91 | | | 2,728,885 | | | 2.38 | |
| Due after 2 years through 3 years | Due after 2 years through 3 years | | 1,724,405 | | | 2.23 | | | 3,388,120 | | | 2.09 | |
| Due after 3 years through 4 years | Due after 3 years through 4 years | | 2,095,000 | | | 1.39 | | | 1,793,405 | | | 2.21 | |
| Due after 4 years through 5 years | Due after 4 years through 5 years | | 870,000 | | | 1.86 | | | 1,910,000 | | | 1.45 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | | 3,235,000 | | | 2.17 | | | 3,454,000 | | | 2.39 | |
| | Total principal amount | Total principal amount | | 24,589,410 | | | 1.21 | | | 31,951,005 | | | 1.32 | |
| Total principal amount | |
| Total principal amount | |
| Premiums | Premiums | | 31,181 | | | | 43,235 | | | | Premiums | | 37,559 | | | | | | | 28,958 | | | | | |
| Discounts | Discounts | | (17,709) | | | | (21,403) | | | | Discounts | | (27,194) | | | | | | | (18,716) | | | | | |
| Hedging adjustments | | (1,104) | | | | 2,086 | | | |
| Fair value hedging adjustments | | Fair value hedging adjustments | | (2,234) | | | | | (41,745) | | | |
| Fair value option valuation adjustment and accrued interest | Fair value option valuation adjustment and accrued interest | | 60 | | | 21,388 | | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 24,601,838 | | | | $ | 31,996,311 | | | |
| Total | |
| Total | | | $ | 91,756,430 | | | | | $ | 59,667,745 | | | |
Consolidated Bonds outstanding were issued with either fixed-rate coupon payment terms or variable-rate coupon payment terms that are indexed to SOFR. To meet the expected specific needs of certain investors in Consolidated Obligations, both fixed-rate and variable-rate Bonds may contain features that result in complex coupon payment terms and call options. When these Consolidated Bonds are issued, the FHLB may enter into derivatives containing features that offset the terms and embedded options, if any, of the Consolidated Bonds.
Table 9.3 - Consolidated Bonds Outstanding by Call Features (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Principal Amount of Consolidated Bonds: | Principal Amount of Consolidated Bonds: | | | | Principal Amount of Consolidated Bonds: | | | |
| Non-callable | Non-callable | $ | 19,689,410 | | | $ | 26,539,005 | |
| Callable | Callable | 4,900,000 | | | 5,412,000 | |
| Total principal amount | Total principal amount | $ | 24,589,410 | | | $ | 31,951,005 | |
Table 9.4 - Consolidated Bonds Outstanding by Original Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date (in thousands)
| | Year of Original Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date | Year of Original Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | Year of Original Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 year or less | | $ | 17,518,885 | | | $ | 22,968,595 | |
| Due after 1 year through 2 years | Due after 1 year through 2 years | | 3,085,120 | | | 2,823,885 | |
| Due after 2 years through 3 years | Due after 2 years through 3 years | | 1,262,405 | | | 2,452,120 | |
| Due after 3 years through 4 years | Due after 3 years through 4 years | | 728,000 | | | 1,253,405 | |
| Due after 4 years through 5 years | Due after 4 years through 5 years | | 547,000 | | | 728,000 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | | 1,448,000 | | | 1,725,000 | |
| | Total principal amount | Total principal amount | | $ | 24,589,410 | | | $ | 31,951,005 | |
| Total principal amount | |
| Total principal amount | |
Table 9.5 - Consolidated Bonds by Interest-rate Payment Type (in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Principal Amount of Consolidated Bonds: | Principal Amount of Consolidated Bonds: | | | | Principal Amount of Consolidated Bonds: | | | |
| Fixed-rate | Fixed-rate | $ | 23,739,410 | | | $ | 21,312,005 | |
| Variable-rate | Variable-rate | 850,000 | | | 10,639,000 | |
| | Step-up | |
| Total principal amount | Total principal amount | $ | 24,589,410 | | | $ | 31,951,005 | |
Note 10 - Affordable Housing Program (AHP)
The FHLBank Act requires each FHLBank to establish an AHP. Each FHLBank provides subsidies in the form of direct grants or below-market interest rate AHPrates on Advances to members who useprovide the funds to assist in the purchase, construction, or rehabilitation of housing for very low-, low-, and moderate-income households. Each FHLBank is requiredrecognizes AHP assessment expense equal to contribute to its AHP the greater of 10 percent of its previous year'sannual income subject to assessment or the prorated sum required to ensure the aggregate contribution by the FHLBanks is no less than $100 million for each year. For purposes of the statutory AHP calculation, income subject to assessment is defined as net income before AHP assessments, plus interest expense related to mandatorily redeemable capital stock. The FHLB accrues AHP expense monthly based on its income subject to assessment. The FHLB reduces the AHP liability as members use subsidies. In addition to the required AHP assessment, the Board of Directors may elect to make voluntary contributions to the AHP.
If the FHLB experienced a net loss during a quarter, but still had income subject to AHP assessment for the year, the FHLB's obligation to the AHP would be calculated based on the FHLB's year-to-date income subject to assessment. If the FHLB had income subject to assessment in subsequent quarters, it would be required to contribute additional amounts to meet its calculated annual obligation. If the FHLB experienced a net loss for a full year, the FHLB would have no obligation to the AHP for the year, because each FHLBank's required annual AHP contribution is limited to its annual income subject to assessment. If the aggregate 10 percent calculation described above was less than $100 million for the FHLBanks, each FHLBank would be required to contribute a prorated sum to ensure that the aggregate contributions by the FHLBanks equaled $100 million. The proration would be made on the basis of an FHLBank's income in relation to the income of all FHLBanks for the previous year.
There was no shortfall, as described above, in 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, or 2019.2021. If an FHLBank finds that its required AHP obligations are contributing to its financial instability, it may apply to the Finance Agency for a temporary suspension of its contributions under the FHLBank Act. The FHLB has never made such an application.
Table 10.1 - Rollforward of the AHP Liability (in thousands)
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Balance at beginning of year | Balance at beginning of year | $ | 110,772 | | | $ | 115,295 | |
| Assessments (current year additions) | Assessments (current year additions) | 4,708 | | | 30,826 | |
| Subsidy uses, net | (30,976) | | | (35,349) | |
| Voluntary contribution | |
| Subsidy uses, net of recaptured amounts | |
| Balance at end of year | Balance at end of year | $ | 84,504 | | | $ | 110,772 | |
Note 11 - Capital
The FHLB is subject to three capital requirements under its Capital Plan and the Finance Agency rules and regulations. Regulatory capital does not include accumulated other comprehensive income, but does include mandatorily redeemable capital stock.
1. Risk-based capital. The FHLB must maintain at all times permanent capital, defined as Class B stock and retained earnings, in an amount at least equal to the sum of its credit risk, market risk, and operational risk capital requirements, all of which are calculated in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Finance Agency.
2. Total regulatory capital. The FHLB must maintain at all times a total regulatory capital-to-assets ratio of at least four percent. Total regulatory capital is the sum of permanent capital, the amounts paid-in for Class A stock, any general loss allowance, if consistent with GAAP and not established for specific assets, and other amounts from sources determined by the Finance Agency as available to absorb losses.
3. Leverage capital. The FHLB must maintain at all times a leverage capital-to-assets ratio of at least five percent. Leverage capital is defined as the sum of permanent capital weighted 1.5 times and all other components of total capital.
The Finance Agency may require the FHLB to maintain greater permanent capital than is required based on Finance Agency rules and regulations.
At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the FHLB was in compliance with each of these capital requirements.
Table 11.1 - Capital Requirements (dollars in thousands)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Minimum Requirement | | Actual | | Minimum Requirement | | Actual | | Minimum Requirement | | Actual | | Minimum Requirement | | Actual |
| Risk-based capital | Risk-based capital | $ | 856,322 | | | $ | 3,804,018 | | | $ | 539,321 | | | $ | 3,964,353 | |
| Capital-to-assets ratio (regulatory) | Capital-to-assets ratio (regulatory) | 4.00 | % | | 6.28 | % | | 4.00 | % | | 6.07 | % | Capital-to-assets ratio (regulatory) | 4.00 | % | | 5.26 | % | | 4.00 | % | | 6.05 | % |
| Regulatory capital | Regulatory capital | $ | 2,424,703 | | | $ | 3,804,018 | | | $ | 2,611,850 | | | $ | 3,964,353 | |
| Leverage capital-to-assets ratio (regulatory) | Leverage capital-to-assets ratio (regulatory) | 5.00 | % | | 9.41 | % | | 5.00 | % | | 9.11 | % | Leverage capital-to-assets ratio (regulatory) | 5.00 | % | | 7.89 | % | | 5.00 | % | | 9.07 | % |
| Leverage capital | Leverage capital | $ | 3,030,879 | | | $ | 5,706,027 | | | $ | 3,264,812 | | | $ | 5,946,530 | |
The FHLB currently offers only Class B stock, which is issued and redeemed at a par value of $100 per share. Class B stock may be issued to meet membership and activity stock purchase requirements, to pay dividends, and to pay interest on mandatorily redeemable capital stock. Membership stock is required to become a member of and maintain membership in the FHLB. The membership stock requirement is based upon a percentage of the member's total assets. At December 31, 2021,2023, the membership stock requirement was determined within a declining range from 0.100.08 percent to 0.030.02 percent of each member's total assets, with a minimum of $1 thousand and a maximum of $25$20 million for each member.
In addition to membership stock, a member may be required to hold activity stock to capitalize certain transactions with the FHLB, including Advances, certain funds and rate Advance commitments, Letters of Credit, and MPP activity that occurred after implementation of the Capital Plan on December 30, 2002. Members mustwere required to maintain an activity stock balance within a range of minimum and maximum activity stock capitalization percentages which were set to equal each other as of January 1, 2021 and were as follows for 2021: 3.00 percent for MPP,2023 and 2022: 4.50 percent for Advances and Advance commitments, and 0.10 percent for Letters of Credit. During 2020, members were required to maintain minimumCredit, and maximum activity stock capitalization percentages of zero percent and 4.003.00 percent for MPP and 2.00 percent and 4.00 percent for Advances and Advance commitments. Prior to January 1, 2021, members were not required to capitalize Letters of Credit.MPP. If a member owns more than its required activity stock, percentage, the additional stock is that member'sclassified as excess stock. The FHLB's unrestricted excess stock is defined as total Class B stock minus membership stock, activity stock calculated at the maximum allocation percentage, shares reserved for exclusive use after a stock dividend, and shares subject to redemption and withdrawal notices.
A member may request redemption of all or part of its Class B stock or may withdraw from membership by giving five years' advance written notice. When the FHLB repurchases capital stock, it must first repurchase shares for which a redemption or withdrawal notice's five-year redemption period or withdrawal period has expired. Since its Capital Plan was implemented,Typically, the FHLB has repurchased, at its discretion, allrepurchases member shares subject to outstanding redemption notices prior to the expiration of the five-year redemption period.
Any member that has withdrawn from membership, or otherwise has had its membership terminated, may not be readmitted to membership in any FHLBank until five years from the divestiture date for all capital stock that was held as a condition of
membership, unless the institution has canceled its notice of withdrawal prior to the divestiture date. This restriction does not apply if the member is transferring its membership from one FHLBank to another on an uninterrupted basis.
Each class of FHLB stock is considered putable by the member and the FHLB may repurchase, in its sole discretion, any member's stock investments that exceed the required minimum amount. However, there are significant statutory and regulatory restrictions on the obligation to redeem, or right to repurchase, the outstanding stock. As a result, whether or not a member may have its capital stock in the FHLB repurchased (at the FHLB's discretion at any time before the end of the redemption period) or redeemed (at a member's request, completed at the end of a redemption period) will depend on whether the FHLB is in compliance with those restrictions.
The FHLB's retained earnings are owned proportionately by the current holders of Class B stock. The holders' interest in the retained earnings is realized at the time the FHLB periodically declares dividends or at such time as the FHLB is liquidated. The FHLB's Board of Directors may declare and pay dividends in either cash or capital stock, assuming the FHLB is in compliance with Finance Agency rules and regulations.
Restricted Retained Earnings. The Capital Agreement is intended to enhance the capital position of each FHLBank. The Capital Agreement provides that each FHLBank will, on a quarterly basis, allocate 20 percent of its net income to a separate restricted retained earnings account until the balance of that account, calculated as of the last day of each calendar quarter, equals at least one percent of that FHLBank's average balance of outstanding Consolidated Obligations for the calendar quarter. These
restricted retained earnings are not available to pay dividends but are available to absorb unexpected losses, if any, that an FHLBank may experience. At December 31, 20212023 and 20202022 the FHLB had (in thousands) $509,719$693,682 and $501,321,$560,118, respectively, in restricted retained earnings. Additionally, the Capital Agreement provides that amounts in restricted retained earnings in excess of 150 percent of the FHLB's restricted retained earnings minimum (i.e., one percent of the FHLB's average balance of outstanding Consolidated Obligations calculated as of the last day of each calendar quarter) may be released from restricted retained earnings.
Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock. The FHLB is a cooperative whose members own most of the FHLB's capital stock. Former members (including certain nonmembers that own the FHLB's capital stock as a result of a merger or acquisition, relocation, charter termination, or involuntary termination of an FHLB member) own the remaining capital stock to support business transactions still carried on the FHLB's Statements of Condition. Member shares cannot be purchased or sold except between the FHLB and its members at its $100 per share par value, as mandated by the FHLB's Capital Plan. The FHLB reclassifies stock subject to redemption from equity to liability upon expiration of the “grace period” after a member submits a written redemption request or withdrawal notice, or when the member attains nonmember status by merger or acquisition, relocation, charter termination, or involuntary termination of membership. A member may cancel or revoke its written redemption request or its withdrawal notice prior to the end of the five-year redemption period. Under the FHLB's Capital Plan, there is a five calendar day “grace period” for revocation of a redemption request and a 30 calendar day “grace period” for revocation of a withdrawal notice during which the member may cancel the redemption request or withdrawal notice without a penalty or fee. The cancellation fee after the “grace period” is currently two percent of the requested amount in the first year and increases one percent a year until it reaches a maximum of six percent in the fifth year. The cancellation fee can be waived by the FHLB's Board of Directors for a bona fide business purpose.
Stock subject to a redemption or withdrawal notice that is within the “grace period” continues to be considered equity because there is no penalty or fee to retract these notices. Expiration of the “grace period” triggers the reclassification from equity to a liability (mandatorily redeemable capital stock) at fair value because after the “grace period” the penalty to retract these notices is considered substantive. If a member cancels its written notice of redemption or notice of withdrawal, the FHLB will reclassify mandatorily redeemable capital stock from a liability to equity. Dividends related to capital stock classified as a liability are accrued at the expected dividend rate and reported as interest expense in the Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, and 20192021 dividends on mandatorily redeemable capital stock (in thousands) of $383, $1,068$2,885, $5,522 and $1,113,$383, respectively, were recorded as interest expense.
Table 11.2 - Rollforward of Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock (in thousands)
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Balance, beginning of year | Balance, beginning of year | $ | 19,454 | | | $ | 21,669 | | | $ | 23,184 | |
| Capital stock subject to mandatory redemption reclassified from equity | Capital stock subject to mandatory redemption reclassified from equity | 73,491 | | | 560,779 | | | 8,269 | |
| | Capital stock previously subject to mandatory redemption reclassified to capital | — | | | (123) | | | (1,020) | |
| | Repurchase/redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock | |
| | Repurchase/redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock | |
| | Repurchase/redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock | Repurchase/redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock | (71,734) | | | (562,871) | | | (8,764) | |
| | Balance, end of year | Balance, end of year | $ | 21,211 | | | $ | 19,454 | | | $ | 21,669 | |
| | Balance, end of year | |
| | Balance, end of year | |
The number of stockholders holding the mandatorily redeemable capital stock was 17, 2415, 16 and 2817 at December 31, 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, and 2019.2021.
As of December 31, 20212023 there were no members or former members that had requested redemptions of capital stock whose stock had not been reclassified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock because the “grace periods” had not yet expired on these requests.
Table 11.3 shows the amount of mandatorily redeemable capital stock by contractual year of redemption. The year of redemption in the table is the end of the five-year redemption period. Consistent with the Capital Plan currently in effect, the FHLB is not required to redeem membership stock until five years after either (i) the membership is terminated or (ii) the FHLB receives notice of withdrawal. The FHLB is not required to redeem activity-based stock until the later of the expiration of the notice of redemption or until the activity to which the capital stock relates no longer remains outstanding. If activity-based stock becomes excess stock as a result of an activity no longer remaining outstanding, the FHLB may repurchase such shares, in its sole discretion, subject to the statutory and regulatory restrictions on capital stock redemption.
Table 11.3 - Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock by Contractual Year of Redemption (in thousands)
| | Contractual Year of Redemption | Contractual Year of Redemption | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | Contractual Year of Redemption | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Year 1 | Year 1 | | $ | 1,091 | | | $ | 156 | |
| Year 2 | Year 2 | | 1,427 | | | 1,124 | |
| Year 3 | Year 3 | | 270 | | | 2,167 | |
| Year 4 | Year 4 | | 5 | | | 391 | |
| Year 5 | Year 5 | | 10,791 | | | 3,142 | |
Thereafter (1) | | — | | | 650 | |
Past contractual redemption date due to remaining activity (2) | | 7,627 | | | 11,824 | |
Past contractual redemption date due to remaining activity (1) | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 21,211 | | | $ | 19,454 | |
(1)Represents mandatorily redeemable capital stock resulting from a Finance Agency rule effective February 19, 2016, that made captive insurance companies ineligible for FHLB membership. Captive insurance companies that were admitted as FHLB members prior to September 12, 2014, had their membership terminated no later than February 19, 2021. The related mandatorily redeemable capital stock is not required to be redeemed until five years after the member's termination.
(2)Represents mandatorily redeemable capital stock that is past the end of the contractual redemption period because there is activity outstanding to which the mandatorily redeemable capital stock relates.
Excess Capital Stock. Excess capital stock is the amount of stock held by a member (or former member) in excess of that institution's minimum stock ownership requirement. Finance Agency regulationsrules limit the ability of an FHLBank to create member excess stock under certain circumstances. The FHLB may not pay dividends in the form of capital stock or issue new excess stock to members if its excess stock exceeds one percent of its total assets or if the issuance of excess stock would cause the FHLB's excess stock to exceed one percent of its total assets. At December 31, 2021,2023, the FHLB had excess capital stock outstanding totaling less than one percent of its total assets. At December 31, 2021,2023, the FHLB was in compliance with the Finance Agency's excess stock rules.
Note 12 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables summarize the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022, and 2019.2021.
Table 12.1 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands)
| | | Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | | Pension and postretirement benefits | | Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2018 | $ | (110) | | | $ | (12,933) | | | $ | (13,043) | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | | | Pension and postretirement benefits | | Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2020 | |
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification: | Other comprehensive income before reclassification: | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | Net unrealized gains (losses) | 480 | | | — | | | 480 | |
| Net actuarial gains (losses) | — | | | (5,665) | | | (5,665) | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| | Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits | — | | | 1,834 | | | 1,834 | |
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 480 | | | (3,831) | | | (3,351) | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2019 | 370 | | | (16,764) | | | (16,394) | |
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification: | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | Net unrealized gains (losses) | 4,348 | | | — | | | 4,348 | |
| Net actuarial gains (losses) | — | | (5,227) | | | (5,227) | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| | Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits | — | | 2,288 | | | 2,288 | |
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,348 | | | (2,939) | | | 1,409 | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2020 | 4,718 | | | (19,703) | | | (14,985) | |
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification: | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | Net unrealized gains (losses) | 21,407 | | | — | | | 21,407 | |
| Net actuarial gains (losses) | Net actuarial gains (losses) | — | | | 2,170 | | | 2,170 | |
| Prior service benefit | Prior service benefit | — | | | 1,882 | | | 1,882 | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| | Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits | — | | | 2,620 | | | 2,620 | |
Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 21,407 | | | 6,672 | | | 28,079 | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2021 | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2021 | $ | 26,125 | | | $ | (13,031) | | | $ | 13,094 | |
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification: | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | |
| Net actuarial gains (losses) | |
| | Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 | |
| | BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 | |
| Other comprehensive income before reclassification: | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | |
| Net unrealized gains (losses) | |
| Net actuarial gains (losses) | |
| | Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income: | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Amortization - pension and postretirement benefits (1) | |
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | |
| BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2023 | |
(1)Included in Non-Interest Expense - Other in the Statements of Income.
Note 13 - Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
Qualified Defined Benefit Multi-employer Plan. The FHLB participates in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions (Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan), a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan. The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan is treated as a multi-employer plan for accounting purposes, but operates as a multiple-employer plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) and the Internal Revenue Code. As a result, certain multi-employer plan disclosures, including the certified zone status, are not applicable to the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan. Under the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan, contributions made by one participating employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers because assets contributed by an employer are not segregated in a separate account or restricted to provide benefits only to employees of that employer. Also, in the event a participating employer is unable to meet its contribution requirements, the required contributions for the other participating employers could increase proportionately. The
Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan covers all officers and employees of the FHLB hired prior to January 1, 2024 and who meet certain eligibility requirements.
The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan operates on a plan year from July 1 through June 30. The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan files one Form 5500 on behalf of all employers who participate in the plan. The Employer Identification Number is 13-5645888 and the three-digit plan number is 333. There are no collective bargaining agreements in place at the FHLB.
The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan's annual valuation process includes calculating the plan's funded status and separately calculating the funded status of each participating employer. The funded status is defined as the market value of assets divided by the funding target (100 percent of the present value of all benefit liabilities accrued at that date). As permitted by ERISA, the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan accepts contributions for the prior plan year up to eight and a half months after the end of the prior plan year. As a result, the market value of assets at the valuation date (July 1) will increase by any subsequent contributions designated for the immediately preceding plan year ended June 30.
The most recent Form 5500 available for the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan is for the year ended June 30, 2020.2022. The FHLB did not contribute more than five percent of the total contributions to the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for the plan years ended June 30, 2020, 20192022, 2021 and 2018.2020.
Table 13.1 - Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan Net Pension Cost and Funded Status (dollars in thousands)
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Net pension cost charged to compensation and benefit expense for the year ended December 31 | Net pension cost charged to compensation and benefit expense for the year ended December 31 | $ | 6,473 | | | $ | 6,429 | | | $ | 6,973 | |
| Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan funded status as of July 1 | Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan funded status as of July 1 | 129.62 | % | (a) | 108.50 | % | (b) | 108.62 | % | Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan funded status as of July 1 | 113.64 | % | (a) | 119.09 | % | (b) | 130.59 | % |
| FHLB's funded status as of July 1 | FHLB's funded status as of July 1 | 146.44 | % | | 122.36 | % | | 125.76 | % | FHLB's funded status as of July 1 | 130.76 | % | | 135.80 | % | | 146.44 | % |
(a) The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan's funded status as of July 1, 20212023 is preliminary and may increase because the plan's participants were permitted to make contributions for the plan year ended June 30, 20212023 through March 15, 2022.2024. Contributions made on or before March 15, 2022,2024, and designated for the plan year ended June 30, 2021,2023, will be included in the final valuation as of July 1, 2021.2023. The final funded status as of July 1, 20212023 will not be available until the Form 5500 for the plan year July 1, 20212023 through June 30, 20222024 is filed (this Form 5500 is due to be filed no later than April 2023)2025).
(b) The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan's funded status as of July 1, 20202022 is preliminary and may increase because the plan's participants were permitted to make contributions for the plan year ended June 30, 20202022 through March 15, 2021.2023. Contributions made on or before March 15, 2021,2023, and designated for the plan year ended June 30, 2020,2022, will be included in the final valuation as of July 1, 2020.2022. The final funded status as of July 1, 20202022 will not be available until the Form 5500 for the plan year July 1, 20202022 through June 30, 20212023 is filed (this Form 5500 is due to be filed no later than April 2022)2024).
Qualified Defined Contribution Plan. The FHLB maintains a tax-qualified, defined contribution plan for its employees. The FHLB contributes a percentage of the participants' compensation by making a matching contribution equal to a certain percentage of voluntary employee contributions, subject to certain IRS limitations. Additionally, for employees who were hired after January 1, 2024, the FHLB makes an annual six percent non-elective retirement contribution. The FHLB contributed $1,520,000, $1,437,000,$2,475,000, $2,336,000, and $1,333,000$1,520,000 in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, and 2019,2021, respectively. The FHLB's contributions are recorded as compensation and benefits expense in the Statements of Income.
Non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP). In 2023, the FHLB established a non-qualified, unfunded supplemental defined contribution plan for executive officers and certain other highly compensated employees. The SERP ensures that participants receive the full amount of benefits to which they would have been entitled under the qualified defined contribution plan in the absence of limits on benefit levels imposed by the IRS. For executives hired after January 1, 2024 and approved for participation, the SERP also restores non-elective retirement contributions on pay in excess of the IRS limits and includes an additional six percent contribution on all eligible pay. The unfunded liability associated with the SERP was $411,000 at December 31, 2023. The FHLB recorded $411,000 as compensation and benefits expense in the Statements of Income in the year ended December 31, 2023 for costs associated with the SERP.
Non-qualified Supplemental Defined Benefit Retirement Plan (Defined Benefit Retirement Plan). The FHLB maintains a non-qualified, unfunded defined benefit plan.plan for its employees. The plan ensures that participants receive the full amount of benefits to which they would have been entitled under the qualified defined benefit plan in the absence of limits on benefit levels imposed by the IRS. There are no funded plan assets. The FHLB has established a grantor trust, which is included in held-to-maturity securities on the Statements of Condition, to meet future benefit obligations and current payments to beneficiaries. Effective July 1, 2021, the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan benefit formula was amended to adjust the accrual rate from 2.50 percent to 1.25 percent.
Postretirement Benefits Plan. The FHLB also sponsors a Postretirement Benefits Plan that includes health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees. Future retirees are eligible for the postretirement benefits plan if they were hired prior to August 1, 1990, are age 55 or older, and their age plus years of continuous service at retirement are greater than or equal to 80. Spouses are covered subject to required contributions. There are no funded plan assets that have been designated to provide postretirement benefits.
Table 13.2 presents the obligations and funding status of the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan and Postretirement Benefits Plan. The benefit obligation represents projected benefit obligation for the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for the Postretirement Benefits Plan.
Table 13.2 - Benefit Obligation, Fair Value of Plan Assets and Funded Status (in thousands)
| | | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan |
| Change in benefit obligation: | Change in benefit obligation: | 2021 | 2020 | | 2021 | 2020 | Change in benefit obligation: | 2023 | 2022 | | 2023 | 2022 |
| Benefit obligation at beginning of year | Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 49,538 | | $ | 44,246 | | | $ | 5,046 | | $ | 4,638 | |
| Service cost | Service cost | 899 | | 1,129 | | | 7 | | 9 | |
| Interest cost | Interest cost | 1,171 | | 1,324 | | | 115 | | 141 | |
| Actuarial loss (gain) | Actuarial loss (gain) | (1,224) | | 4,749 | | | (946) | | 478 | |
| Plan amendments | (1,882) | | — | | | — | | — | |
| | Benefits paid | |
| Benefits paid | |
| Benefits paid | Benefits paid | (1,975) | | (1,910) | | | (211) | | (220) | |
| Benefit obligation at end of year | Benefit obligation at end of year | 46,527 | | 49,538 | | | 4,011 | | 5,046 | |
| Change in plan assets: | Change in plan assets: | | | | Change in plan assets: | | | | |
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
| Employer contribution | Employer contribution | 1,975 | | 1,910 | | | 211 | | 220 | |
| Benefits paid | Benefits paid | (1,975) | | (1,910) | | | (211) | | (220) | |
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | Fair value of plan assets at end of year | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
| Funded status at end of year | Funded status at end of year | $ | (46,527) | | $ | (49,538) | | | $ | (4,011) | | $ | (5,046) | |
Amounts recognized in “Other liabilities” on the Statements of Condition for the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan and Postretirement Benefits Plan as of December 31, 20212023 and 20202022 were (in thousands) $50,538$39,619 and $54,584,$38,902, respectively.
Table 13.3 - Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (in thousands)
| | | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement
Benefits Plan | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement
Benefits Plan |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Net actuarial loss (gain) | Net actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 14,930 | | | $ | 18,901 | | | $ | (198) | | | $ | 802 | |
| Prior service benefit | Prior service benefit | (1,701) | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total | Total | $ | 13,229 | | | $ | 18,901 | | | $ | (198) | | | $ | 802 | |
Table 13.4 - Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (in thousands)
| | | | For the Years Ended December 31, | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | Defined Benefit
Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan | | Defined Benefit
Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Net Periodic Benefit Cost | Net Periodic Benefit Cost | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Service cost | |
| Service cost | |
| Service cost | Service cost | $ | 899 | | | $ | 1,129 | | | $ | 902 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 14 | |
| Interest cost | Interest cost | 1,171 | | | 1,324 | | | 1,550 | | | 115 | | | 141 | | | 181 | |
| Amortization of prior service benefit | Amortization of prior service benefit | (181) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Amortization of net loss | Amortization of net loss | 2,747 | | | 2,288 | | | 1,834 | | | 54 | | | — | | | — | |
| Net periodic benefit cost | Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 4,636 | | | $ | 4,741 | | | $ | 4,286 | | | $ | 176 | | | $ | 150 | | | $ | 195 | |
| Other Changes in Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income | Other Changes in Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net loss (gain) | Net loss (gain) | $ | (1,224) | | | $ | 4,749 | | | $ | 5,496 | | | $ | (946) | | | $ | 478 | | | $ | 169 | |
| Net loss (gain) | |
| Net loss (gain) | |
| Prior service benefit | Prior service benefit | (1,882) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Amortization of net loss | Amortization of net loss | (2,747) | | | (2,288) | | | (1,834) | | | (54) | | | — | | | — | |
| Amortization of prior service benefit | Amortization of prior service benefit | 181 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total recognized in other comprehensive income | Total recognized in other comprehensive income | (5,672) | | | 2,461 | | | 3,662 | | | (1,000) | | | 478 | | | 169 | |
| Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income | Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income | $ | (1,036) | | | $ | 7,202 | | | $ | 7,948 | | | $ | (824) | | | $ | 628 | | | $ | 364 | |
For the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan and the Postretirement Benefits Plan, the related service cost is recorded as part of Non-Interest Expense - Compensation and Benefits on the Statements of Income. The non-service related components of interest cost, amortization of prior service benefit and amortization of net loss are recorded as Non-Interest Expense - Other in the Statements of Income.
Table 13.5 presents the key assumptions used for the actuarial calculations to determine benefit obligations for the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan and Postretirement Benefits Plan.
Table 13.5 - Benefit Obligation Key Assumptions
| | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan |
| Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Discount rate | Discount rate | 2.64 | % | | 2.26 | % | | 2.69 | % | | 2.33 | % | Discount rate | 4.76 | % | | 4.96 | % | | 4.79 | % | | 4.99 | % |
| Salary increases | Salary increases | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | Salary increases | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | | N/A |
Table 13.6 presents the key assumptions used for the actuarial calculations to determine net periodic benefit cost for the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan and Postretirement Benefit Plan.
Table 13.6 - Net Periodic Benefit Cost Key Assumptions
| | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan |
| Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefits Plan |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Discount rate (1) | Discount rate (1) | 2.26/2.61% | | 3.06 | % | | 4.10 | % | | 2.33 | % | | 3.12 | % | | 4.15 | % | Discount rate (1) | 4.96 | % | | 2.64 | % | | 2.26/2.61% | | 4.99 | % | | 2.69 | % | | 2.33 | % |
| Salary increases | Salary increases | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | Salary increases | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | | N/A |
(1) For the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan in 2021, a rate of 2.26% was used for the first six months of 2021 while a rate of 2.61% was used for the second six months of 2021 resulting from an interim actuarial valuation at June 30, 2021, due to the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan amendment.
Table 13.7 - Postretirement Benefits Plan Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
| | | |
| | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Assumed for next year | Assumed for next year | 6.50 | % | | 5.50 | % | |
| Assumed for next year | |
| Assumed for next year | |
| Ultimate rate | |
| Ultimate rate | |
| Ultimate rate | Ultimate rate | 5.00 | % | | 5.00 | % | |
| Year that ultimate rate is reached | Year that ultimate rate is reached | 2024 | | 2021 | |
| Year that ultimate rate is reached | |
| Year that ultimate rate is reached | |
The discount rates for the disclosures as of December 31, 20212023 were determined by using a discounted cash flow approach, which incorporates the timing of each expected future benefit payment. Estimated future benefit payments are based on each plan's census data, benefit formulas and provisions, and valuation assumptions reflecting the probability of decrement and survival. The present value of the future benefit payments is determined by using weighted average duration based interest rate yields from a variety of highly rated relevant corporate bond indices as of December 31, 2021,2023, and solving for the single discount rate that produces the same present value.
Table 13.8 presents the estimated future benefits payments reflecting expected future services for the years ended after December 31, 2021.2023.
Table 13.8 - Estimated Future Benefit Payments (in thousands)
| | Years | Years | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefit Plan | Years | | Defined Benefit Retirement Plan | | Postretirement Benefit Plan |
| 2022 | | $ | 2,255 | | | $ | 230 | |
| 2023 | | 1,808 | | | 232 | |
| 2024 | 2024 | | 1,828 | | | 229 | |
| 2025 | 2025 | | 1,974 | | | 230 | |
| 2026 | 2026 | | 2,093 | | | 228 | |
| 2027 - 2031 | | 12,435 | | | 1,081 | |
| 2027 | |
| 2028 | |
| 2029 - 2033 | |
Note 14 - Segment Information
The FHLB has identified 2two primary operating segments based on its method of internal reporting: Traditional Member Finance and the MPP. These segments reflect the FHLB's two primary Mission Asset Activities and the manner in which they are managed from the perspective of development, resource allocation, product delivery, pricing, credit risk and operational administration. The segments identify the principal ways the FHLB provides services to member stockholders. The FHLB, as an interest rate spread manager, considers a segment's net interest income, net interest rate spread and, ultimately, net income as the key factors in allocating resources. Resource allocation decisions are made by considering these profitability measures in the context of the historical, current and expected risk profile of each segment and the entire balance sheet, as well as current incremental profitability measures relative to the incremental market risk profile.
Overall financial performance and risk management are dynamically managed primarily at the level of, and within the context of, the entire balance sheet rather than at the level of individual business segments or product lines. Also, the FHLB hedges specific asset purchases and specific subportfolios in the context of the entire mortgage asset portfolio and the entire balance sheet. Under this holistic approach, the market risk/return profile of each business segment does not correspond, in general, to the performance that each segment would generate if it were completely managed on a separate basis, and it is not possible to accurately determine what the performance would be if the two business segments were managed on a stand-alone basis. Further, because financial and risk management is a dynamic process, the performance of a segment over a single identified period may not reflect the long-term expected or actual future trends for the segment.
The Traditional Member Finance segment includes products such as Advances and investments and the borrowing costs related to those assets. The FHLB assigns its investments to this segment primarily because they historically have been used to provide liquidity for Advances and to support the level and volatility of earnings from Advances. All interest rate swaps, and a portion of swaptions, including their market value adjustments, are allocated to the Traditional Member Finance segment. The FHLB executed all of its interest rate swaps in its management of market risk for the Traditional Member Finance segment. TheFor the years ended 2022 and 2021, the FHLB entersentered into swaptions to minimize the prepayment risk in its overall mortgage asset portfolio.portfolio and a portion of the related market value adjustments were allocated to the Traditional Member Finance Segment.
Income from the MPP is derived primarily from the difference, or spread, between the yield on mortgage loans and the borrowing cost of Consolidated Obligations outstanding allocated to this segment at the time debt is issued. MPP income also includes the gains (losses) on derivatives associated with the MPP segment, comprising all mortgage delivery commitments and forward rate agreements and a portion of swaptions. Beginning in 2023, the FHLB entered into swaptions to minimize the prepayment risk in the mortgage loans portfolio and, as such, all of the related market value adjustments were allocated to the MPP segment.
Both segments also earn income from investment of interest-free capital. Capital is allocated proportionate to each segment's average assets based on the total balance sheet's average capital-to-assets ratio. Expenses are allocated based on cost accounting techniques that includesuch as direct usage, time allocations and square footage of space used. AHP assessments are calculated using the current assessment rates based on the income before assessments for each segment.
The following tables set forth the FHLB's financial performance by operating segment for the years ended December 31.
Table 14.1 - Financial Performance by Operating Segment (in thousands)
| | | | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | Traditional Member
Finance | | MPP | | Total |
| 2021 | | | | | |
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | | Traditional Member
Finance | | MPP | | Total |
| 2023 | | 2023 | | | |
| Net interest income (loss) | Net interest income (loss) | $ | 317,432 | | | $ | (40,872) | | | $ | 276,560 | |
| | | Non-interest income (loss) | |
| | Non-interest income (loss) | |
| | Non-interest income (loss) | Non-interest income (loss) | (141,250) | | | 2,978 | | | (138,272) | |
| Non-interest expense | Non-interest expense | 81,363 | | | 10,226 | | | 91,589 | |
| Income (loss) before assessments | Income (loss) before assessments | 94,819 | | | (48,120) | | | 46,699 | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | Affordable Housing Program assessments | 9,520 | | | (4,812) | | | 4,708 | |
| Net income (loss) | Net income (loss) | $ | 85,299 | | | $ | (43,308) | | | $ | 41,991 | |
| 2020 | | | | | |
| 2022 | | 2022 | | | |
| | Net interest income | $ | 385,127 | | | $ | 21,403 | | | $ | 406,530 | |
| Net interest income (loss) | |
| | Net interest income (loss) | |
| | Net interest income (loss) | |
| Non-interest income (loss) | Non-interest income (loss) | (58,701) | | | 51,633 | | | (7,068) | |
| Non-interest expense | Non-interest expense | 80,569 | | | 11,704 | | | 92,273 | |
| Income before assessments | 245,857 | | | 61,332 | | | 307,189 | |
| Income (loss) before assessments | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | Affordable Housing Program assessments | 24,693 | | | 6,133 | | | 30,826 | |
| Net income | $ | 221,164 | | | $ | 55,199 | | | $ | 276,363 | |
| 2019 | | | | | |
| Net interest income | $ | 308,585 | | | $ | 97,247 | | | $ | 405,832 | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| 2021 | | 2021 | | | |
| | Net interest income (loss) | |
| | Net interest income (loss) | |
| | Net interest income (loss) | |
| Non-interest income (loss) | Non-interest income (loss) | (2,252) | | | (7,967) | | | (10,219) | |
| Non-interest expense | Non-interest expense | 77,751 | | | 10,967 | | | 88,718 | |
| Income before assessments | 228,582 | | | 78,313 | | | 306,895 | |
| Income (loss) before assessments | |
| Affordable Housing Program assessments | Affordable Housing Program assessments | 22,969 | | | 7,832 | | | 30,801 | |
| | Net income | $ | 205,613 | | | $ | 70,481 | | | $ | 276,094 | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| | Net income (loss) | |
| | Net income (loss) | |
Table 14.2 - Asset Balances by Operating Segment (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets |
| Traditional Member
Finance | | MPP | | Total |
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 50,086,904 | | | $ | 10,530,681 | | | $ | 60,617,585 | |
| December 31, 2020 | 53,356,209 | | | 11,940,030 | | | 65,296,239 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets |
| Traditional Member
Finance | | MPP | | Total |
| December 31, 2023 | $ | 116,828,245 | | | $ | 7,167,493 | | | $ | 123,995,738 | |
| December 31, 2022 | 99,649,867 | | | 8,959,637 | | | 108,609,504 | |
Note 15 - Fair Value Disclosures
The fair value amounts recorded on the Statements of Condition and presented in the related note disclosures have been determined by the FHLB using available market information and the FHLB's best judgment of appropriate valuation methods.
GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., an exit price). The fair values reflect the FHLB's judgment of how a market participant would estimate the fair values.
Fair Value Hierarchy. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The inputs are evaluated and an overall level for the measurement is determined. This overall level is an indication of how market observable the fair value measurement is.
The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:
Level 1 Inputs - Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the reporting entity can access on the measurement date. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which the transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable inputs for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; (3) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, and implied volatilities); and (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are supported by limited to no market activity and reflect the FHLB's own assumptions.
The FHLB reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of the valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities. The FHLB did not have any transfers of assets or liabilities into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 20212023 or 2020.2022.
Table 15.1 presents the carrying value, fair value, and fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities of the FHLB. The FHLB records trading securities, available-for-sale securities, derivative assets, derivative liabilities, certain Advances and certain Consolidated Obligations at fair value on a recurring basis, and on occasion, certain mortgage loans held for portfolio on a nonrecurring basis. The FHLB records all other financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost. Refer to Table 15.2 for further details about the financial assets and liabilities held at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis.
Table 15.1 - Fair Value Summary (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 |
| | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 |
| | | Fair Value | | | | | Fair Value |
| Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments | Carrying Value (1) | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (2) | Financial Instruments | Carrying Value (1) | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (2) |
| Assets: | Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks | |
| Cash and due from banks | |
| Cash and due from banks | Cash and due from banks | $ | 167,822 | | | $ | 167,822 | | | $ | 167,822 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | Interest-bearing deposits | 340,147 | | | 340,147 | | | — | | | 340,147 | | | — | | | — | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 1,282,440 | | | 1,282,440 | | | — | | | 1,282,440 | | | — | | | — | |
| Federal funds sold | Federal funds sold | 5,505,000 | | | 5,505,000 | | | — | | | 5,505,000 | | | — | | | — | |
| Trading securities | Trading securities | 6,780,817 | | | 6,780,817 | | | — | | | 6,780,817 | | | — | | | — | |
| Available-for-sale securities | Available-for-sale securities | 5,267,123 | | | 5,267,123 | | | — | | | 5,267,123 | | | — | | | — | |
| Held-to-maturity securities | Held-to-maturity securities | 10,216,756 | | | 10,269,821 | | | — | | | 10,269,821 | | | — | | | — | |
Advances (3) | Advances (3) | 23,054,748 | | | 23,191,040 | | | — | | | 23,191,040 | | | — | | | — | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | Mortgage loans held for portfolio | 7,588,184 | | | 7,728,670 | | | — | | | 7,705,035 | | | 23,635 | | | — | |
| | Accrued interest receivable | |
| Accrued interest receivable | |
| Accrued interest receivable | Accrued interest receivable | 88,672 | | | 88,672 | | | — | | | 88,672 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative assets | Derivative assets | 297,736 | | | 297,736 | | | — | | | 3,238 | | | — | | | 294,498 | |
| Liabilities: | Liabilities: | | | | |
| Deposits | Deposits | 1,415,651 | | | 1,415,456 | | | — | | | 1,415,456 | | | — | | | — | |
| Deposits | |
| Deposits | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | Consolidated Obligations: | | | |
Discount Notes (4) | |
Discount Notes (4) | |
Discount Notes (4) | Discount Notes (4) | 29,837,696 | | | 29,837,184 | | | — | | | 29,837,184 | | | — | | | — | |
Bonds (5) | Bonds (5) | 24,601,838 | | | 24,906,306 | | | — | | | 24,906,306 | | | — | | | — | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | 21,211 | | | 21,211 | | | 21,211 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Accrued interest payable | Accrued interest payable | 60,682 | | | 60,682 | | | — | | | 60,682 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative liabilities | Derivative liabilities | 3,291 | | | 3,291 | | | — | | | 79,112 | | | — | | | (75,821) | |
(1)For certain financial instruments, the amounts represent net carrying value, which include an allowance for credit losses.
(2)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the FHLB to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and related accrued interest held or placed by the FHLB with the same counterparty.
(3)Includes (in thousands) $25,805$214,035 of Advances recorded under the fair value option at December 31, 2021.2023.
(4)Includes (in thousands) $10,420,974$14,085,003 of Consolidated Obligation Discount Notes recorded under the fair value option at December 31, 2021.2023.
(5)Includes (in thousands) $7,175,060$20,657,254 of Consolidated Obligation Bonds recorded under the fair value option at December 31, 2021.2023.
| | December 31, 2020 |
| | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2022 | | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Fair Value | | | | | Fair Value |
| Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments | Carrying Value (1) | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (2) | Financial Instruments | Carrying Value (1) | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (2) |
| Assets: | Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks | |
| Cash and due from banks | |
| Cash and due from banks | Cash and due from banks | $ | 2,984,073 | | | $ | 2,984,073 | | | $ | 2,984,073 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | Interest-bearing deposits | 555,104 | | | 555,104 | | | — | | | 555,104 | | | — | | | — | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 1,818,268 | | | 1,818,268 | | | — | | | 1,818,268 | | | — | | | — | |
| Federal funds sold | Federal funds sold | 4,240,000 | | | 4,240,000 | | | — | | | 4,240,000 | | | — | | | — | |
| Trading securities | Trading securities | 10,488,124 | | | 10,488,124 | | | — | | | 10,488,124 | | | — | | | — | |
| Available-for-sale securities | Available-for-sale securities | 291,587 | | | 291,587 | | | — | | | 291,587 | | | — | | | — | |
| Held-to-maturity securities | Held-to-maturity securities | 9,648,171 | | | 9,792,136 | | | — | | | 9,792,136 | | | — | | | — | |
Advances (3) | Advances (3) | 25,362,003 | | | 25,573,785 | | | — | | | 25,573,785 | | | — | | | — | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | Mortgage loans held for portfolio | 9,548,506 | | | 9,861,802 | | | — | | | 9,798,019 | | | 63,783 | | | — | |
| Accrued interest receivable | Accrued interest receivable | 113,701 | | | 113,701 | | | — | | | 113,701 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative assets | Derivative assets | 215,888 | | | 215,888 | | | — | | | 2,732 | | | — | | | 213,156 | |
| Liabilities: | Liabilities: | | | | |
| Deposits | Deposits | 1,327,202 | | | 1,327,267 | | | — | | | 1,327,267 | | | — | | | — | |
| Deposits | |
| Deposits | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | Consolidated Obligations: | | | | |
| Discount Notes | 27,500,244 | | | 27,501,296 | | | — | | | 27,501,296 | | | — | | | — | |
Bonds (4) | 31,996,311 | | | 32,785,647 | | | — | | | 32,785,647 | | | — | | | — | |
Discount Notes (4) | |
Discount Notes (4) | |
Discount Notes (4) | |
Bonds (5) | |
| Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | Mandatorily redeemable capital stock | 19,454 | | | 19,454 | | | 19,454 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Accrued interest payable | Accrued interest payable | 77,521 | | | 77,521 | | | — | | | 77,521 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative liabilities | Derivative liabilities | 3,813 | | | 3,813 | | | — | | | 165,737 | | | — | | | (161,924) | |
(1)For certain financial instruments, the amounts represent net carrying value, which include an allowance for credit losses.
(2)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the FHLB to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and related accrued interest held or placed by the FHLB with the same counterparty.
(3)Includes (in thousands) $27,202$4,954 of Advances recorded under the fair value option at December 31, 2020.2022.
(4)Includes (in thousands) $2,262,388$21,010,746 of Consolidated Obligation Discount Notes recorded under the fair value option at December 31, 2022.
(5)Includes (in thousands) $5,469,583 of Consolidated Obligation Bonds recorded under the fair value option at December 31, 2020.2022.
Summary of Valuation Methodologies and Primary Inputs.
The valuation methodologies and primary inputs used to develop the measurement of fair value for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis in the StatementStatements of Condition are listed below. The fair values and level within the fair value hierarchy of these assets and liabilities are reported in Table 15.2.
Investment securities – MBS: To value MBS holdings, the FHLB incorporates prices from multiple designated third-party pricing vendors, when available. The pricing vendors use various proprietary models to price MBS. The inputs to those models are derived from various sources including, but not limited to: benchmark yields, reported trades, dealer estimates, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and other market-related data. As many MBS do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing vendors use available information such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to determine the prices for individual securities. Each pricing vendor has an established challenge process in place for all MBS valuations, which facilitates resolution of potentially erroneous prices identified by the FHLB. ThePeriodically, the FHLB has conductedconducts reviews of multiple pricing vendors to confirm and further augment its understanding of the vendors' pricing processes, methodologies and control procedures for specific instruments.
The FHLB's valuation technique for estimating the fair values of MBS first requires the establishment of a “median” price for each security. All prices that are outside the threshold (“outliers”) are subject to further analysis (including, but not limited to, comparison to prices provided by an additional third-party valuation service, prices for similar securities, non-binding dealer
estimates, and/or use of an internal model that is deemed most appropriate) to determine if an outlier is a better estimate of fair value. If an outlier (or some other price identified in the analysis) is determined to be a better estimate of fair value, then the outlier (or the other price as appropriate) is used as the final price rather than the default price. Alternatively, if the analysis confirms that an outlier is in fact not representative of fair value and the default price is the best estimate, then the default price is used as the final price. In all cases, the final price is used to determine the fair value of the security.
If all prices received for a security are outside the tolerance threshold level of the median price, then there is no default price, and the final price is determined by an evaluation of all outlier prices as described above.
Multiple prices were received for substantially all of the FHLB's MBS holdings and the final prices for those securities were computed by averaging the prices received. Based on the FHLB's review of the pricing methods and controls employed by the third-party pricing vendors and the relative lack of dispersion among the vendor prices, the FHLB believes its final prices result in reasonable estimates of fair value and further that the fair value measurements are classified appropriately in the fair value hierarchy.
Investment securities – Non-MBS: To determine the estimated fair values of non-MBS investment securities, the FHLB can use either (a) an income approach based on a market-observable interest rate curve that may be adjusted for a spread, or (b) prices received from third-party pricing vendors. For its U.S. Treasury obligations, the FHLB determines the fair value using the income approach. The income approach uses indicative fair values derived from a discounted cash flow methodology. The FHLB uses the Treasury curve as the market-observable interest rate curve. For GSE obligations, the fair value is determined using prices received from multiple third-party pricing vendors. The pricing vendors' methodology and the FHLB's validation process is consistent with the MBS process described above.
Advances recorded under the fair value option: The FHLB determines the fair values of Advances recorded under the fair value option by calculating the present value of expected future cash flows from these Advances. The discount rates used in these calculations are the replacement rates for Advances with similar terms, as approximated either by adding an estimated current spread to the SOFR or LIBOR Swap Curve or by using current indicative market yields, as indicated by the FHLB's pricing methodologies for Advances with similar current terms. Advance pricing is determined based on the FHLB's rates on Consolidated Obligations. To determine the estimated fair value for Advances with optionality, market-based expectations of future interest rate volatility implied from current prices for similar options are also used. In accordance with Finance Agency regulations, Advances with a maturity and repricing period greater than six months require a prepayment fee sufficient to make the FHLB financially indifferent to the borrower's decision to prepay the Advances. Therefore, the fair value of Advances does not assume prepayment risk.
Impaired mortgage loans held for portfolio: The estimated fair values of impaired mortgage loans held for portfolio on a non-recurring basis are based on property values obtained from a third-party pricing vendor.
Derivative assets/liabilities: The FHLB's derivative assets/liabilities generally consist of interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, TBA MBS (forward rate agreements), and mortgage delivery commitments.
The FHLB's interest rate related derivatives (swaps and swaptions) are traded in the over-the-counter market. Therefore, the FHLB determines the fair value of each individual instrument using market value models that use readily observable market inputs as their basis (inputs that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources). The FHLB uses a mid-market pricing convention as a practical expedient for fair value measurements within a bid-ask spread. These models reflect the contractual terms, including the period to maturity, as well as the significant inputs noted below. The fair value determination uses the standard valuation technique of discounted cash flow analysis. The FHLB performs several validation steps to verify the reasonableness of the fair value output generated by the primary market value model. In addition to an annual model validation, the FHLB prepares a monthly reconciliation of the model's fair values to estimates of fair values provided by the derivative counterparties. The FHLB believes these processes provide a reasonable basis for it to place continued reliance on the derivative fair values generated by the model.
The fair value of TBA MBS is based on independent indicative and/or quoted prices generated by market transactions involving comparable instruments. The FHLB determines the fair value of mortgage delivery commitments using market prices from the TBA/mortgage-backed security market or TBA/Ginnie Mae market and adjustments noted below.
The FHLB's discounted cash flow analysis uses market-observable inputs. Inputs, by class of derivative, are as follows:
Interest rate swaps and interest rate swaptions:
▪Discount rate assumption. OIS or SOFR Swap Curve;
▪Forward interest rate assumption. OIS SOFR, or LIBORSOFR Swap Curve; and
▪Volatility assumption. Market-based expectations of future interest rate volatility implied from current market prices for similar options.
TBA MBS:
▪Market-based prices by coupon class and expected term until settlement.
Mortgage delivery commitments:
▪TBA securities prices. Market-based prices by coupon class and expected term until settlement, adjusted to reflect the contractual terms of the mortgage delivery commitments. The adjustments to the market prices are market observable, or can be corroborated with observable market data.
The FHLB is subject to credit risk due to the risk of nonperformance by counterparties to its derivative transactions. For uncleared derivatives, the degree of credit risk depends on the extent to which master netting arrangements are included in these contracts to mitigate the risk. The FHLB has evaluated the potential for the fair value of the instruments to be impacted by counterparty credit risk and has determined that no adjustments were significant or necessary to the overall fair value measurements.
The fair values of the FHLB's derivatives include accrued interest receivable/payable and related cash collateral. The estimated fair values of the accrued interest receivable/payable and cash collateral approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. Derivatives are presented on a net basis by counterparty when it has met the netting requirements. If these netted amounts are positive, they are classified as an asset and if negative, they are classified as a liability.
Consolidated Obligations recorded under the fair value option: The FHLB determines the fair values of non-option-based Consolidated Obligation Bonds and all Consolidated Obligation Discount Notes recorded under the fair value option by calculating the present value of scheduled future cash flows. Inputs used to determine the fair value of these Consolidated Obligation Bonds and Discount Notes are the discount rates, which are estimated current market yields. For non-option-based Bonds and all Discount Notes, the market yields are either indicated by the Office of Finance for Consolidated Obligations with similar current terms or the SOFR swap curve for SOFR indexed Consolidated Obligations.
The FHLB determines the fair values of option-based Consolidated Obligation Bonds recorded under the fair value option based on pricing received from designated third-party pricing vendors. The pricing vendors used apply various proprietary models to price these Consolidated Obligation Bonds. The inputs to those models are derived from various sources including, but not limited to, benchmark yields, reported trades, dealer estimates, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and other market-related data. Since many Consolidated Obligation Bonds do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing vendors use available information, as applicable, such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to determine the prices for individual Consolidated Obligation Bonds. Each pricing vendor has an established challenge process in place for all valuations, which facilitates resolution of potentially erroneous prices identified by the FHLB.
When pricing vendors are used, the FHLB's valuation technique first requires the establishment of a “median” price for each Consolidated Obligation Bond. All prices that are outside the threshold (“outliers”) are subject to further analysis (including, but not limited to, comparison to prices provided by an additional third-party valuation service, prices for similar securities, non-binding dealer estimates, and/or use of an internal model that is deemed most appropriate) to determine if an outlier is a better estimate of fair value. If an outlier (or some other price identified in the analysis) is determined to be a better estimate of fair value, then the outlier (or the other price as appropriate) is used as the final price rather than the default price. Alternatively, if the analysis confirms that an outlier is in fact not representative of fair value and the default price is the best estimate, then the default price is used as the final price. In all cases, the final price is used to determine the fair value of the security.
If all prices received for a Consolidated Obligation Bond are outside the tolerance threshold level of the median price, then there is no default price, and the final price is determined by an evaluation of all outlier prices as described above.
Multiple vendor prices were received for the FHLB's Consolidated Obligation Bonds and the final prices for those bonds were computed by averaging the prices received. Based on the FHLB's review of the pricing methods and controls employed by the third-party pricing vendors and the relative lack of dispersion among the vendor prices, the FHLB believes its final prices result in reasonable estimates of fair value and that the fair value measurements are classified appropriately in the fair value hierarchy.
The FHLB has conducted reviews of its pricing vendors to confirm and further augment its understanding of the vendors' pricing processes, methodologies and control procedures for Consolidated Obligation Bonds.
Adjustments may be necessary to reflect the 11 FHLBanks' credit quality when valuing Consolidated Obligation Bonds recorded under the fair value option. Due to the joint and several liability for Consolidated Obligations, the FHLB monitors its own creditworthiness and the creditworthiness of the other FHLBanks to determine whether any credit adjustments are necessary in its fair value measurement of Consolidated Obligation Bonds. No adjustments were considered necessary at December 31, 20212023 or 2020.2022.
Subjectivity of estimates. Estimates of the fair values of financial assets and liabilities using the methods described above and other methods are highly subjective and require judgments regarding significant matters such as the amount and timing of future cash flows, prepayment speeds, interest rate volatility, distributions of future interest rates used to value options, and discount rates that appropriately reflect market and credit risks. The judgments also include the parameters, methods, and assumptions used in models to value the options. The use of different assumptions could have a material effect on the fair value estimates. Since these estimates are made as of a specific point in time, they are susceptible to material near term changes.
Fair Value Measurements.
Table 15.2 presents the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are recorded on a recurring or nonrecurring basis at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy. The FHLB records nonrecurring fair value adjustments to reflect partial write-downs on certain mortgage loans.
Table 15.2 - Fair Value Measurements (in thousands)
| | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 |
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 | | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 |
| | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (1) | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (1) |
| Recurring fair value measurements - Assets | Recurring fair value measurements - Assets | | | | | | | | | | Recurring fair value measurements - Assets | | | |
| Trading securities: | Trading securities: | | | | | | | | | | Trading securities: | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 5,030,946 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,030,946 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | 1,749,661 | | | — | | | 1,749,661 | | | — | | | — | |
| U.S. obligation single-family MBS | U.S. obligation single-family MBS | 210 | | | — | | | 210 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total trading securities | Total trading securities | 6,780,817 | | | — | | | 6,780,817 | | | — | | | — | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | | | | | | Available-for-sale securities: | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | 4,498,870 | | | — | | | 4,498,870 | | | — | | | — | |
| | GSE obligations | GSE obligations | 135,308 | | | — | | | 135,308 | | | — | | | — | |
| GSE obligations | |
| GSE obligations | |
| GSE multi-family MBS | GSE multi-family MBS | 632,945 | | | — | | | 632,945 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total available-for-sale securities | Total available-for-sale securities | 5,267,123 | | | — | | | 5,267,123 | | | — | | | — | |
| Advances | Advances | 25,805 | | | — | | | 25,805 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative assets: | Derivative assets: | | | | | | | | | | Derivative assets: | | | |
| Interest rate related | Interest rate related | 297,659 | | | — | | | 3,161 | | | — | | | 294,498 | |
| | Mortgage delivery commitments | Mortgage delivery commitments | 77 | | | — | | | 77 | | | — | | | — | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Total derivative assets | Total derivative assets | 297,736 | | | — | | | 3,238 | | | — | | | 294,498 | |
| Total assets at fair value | Total assets at fair value | $ | 12,371,481 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 12,076,983 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 294,498 | |
| | Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | | | | | | | | | |
| Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | |
| Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | | | | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | Consolidated Obligations: | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | Discount Notes | $ | 10,420,974 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 10,420,974 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| Bonds | Bonds | 7,175,060 | | | — | | | 7,175,060 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total Consolidated Obligations | Total Consolidated Obligations | 17,596,034 | | | — | | | 17,596,034 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative liabilities: | Derivative liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | Derivative liabilities: | | | |
| Interest rate related | Interest rate related | 2,462 | | | — | | | 78,283 | | | — | | | (75,821) | |
| | Mortgage delivery commitments | Mortgage delivery commitments | 829 | | | — | | | 829 | | | — | | | — | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Total derivative liabilities | Total derivative liabilities | 3,291 | | | — | | | 79,112 | | | — | | | (75,821) | |
| Total liabilities at fair value | Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 17,599,325 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 17,675,146 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (75,821) | |
|
(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the FHLB to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and related accrued interest held or placed by the FHLB with the same counterparty.
| | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 |
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 | | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 |
| | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (1) | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Netting Adjustments and Cash Collateral (1) |
| Recurring fair value measurements - Assets | Recurring fair value measurements - Assets | | | | | | | | | | Recurring fair value measurements - Assets | | | |
| Trading securities: | Trading securities: | | | | | | | | | | Trading securities: | | | |
| U.S. Treasury obligations | U.S. Treasury obligations | $ | 8,362,211 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 8,362,211 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | 2,125,580 | | | — | | | 2,125,580 | | | — | | | — | |
| U.S. obligation single-family MBS | U.S. obligation single-family MBS | 333 | | | — | | | 333 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total trading securities | Total trading securities | 10,488,124 | | | — | | | 10,488,124 | | | — | | | — | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | | | | | | Available-for-sale securities: | | | |
| | U.S. Treasury obligations | |
| GSE obligations | GSE obligations | 142,402 | | | — | | | 142,402 | | | — | | | — | |
| GSE multi-family MBS | GSE multi-family MBS | 149,185 | | | — | | | 149,185 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total available-for-sale securities | Total available-for-sale securities | 291,587 | | | — | | | 291,587 | | | — | | | — | |
| Advances | Advances | 27,202 | | | — | | | 27,202 | | | — | | | — | |
| Derivative assets: | Derivative assets: | | | | | | | | | | Derivative assets: | | | |
| Interest rate related | Interest rate related | 214,832 | | | — | | | 1,676 | | | — | | | 213,156 | |
| | Mortgage delivery commitments | Mortgage delivery commitments | 1,056 | | | — | | | 1,056 | | | — | | | — | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Total derivative assets | Total derivative assets | 215,888 | | | — | | | 2,732 | | | — | | | 213,156 | |
| Total assets at fair value | Total assets at fair value | $ | 11,022,801 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 10,809,645 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 213,156 | |
| | Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | | | | | | | | | |
| | Consolidated Obligation Bonds | $ | 2,262,388 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,262,388 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | |
| Recurring fair value measurements - Liabilities | | | | |
| Consolidated Obligations: | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Discount Notes | |
| Bonds | |
| Total Consolidated Obligations | |
| Derivative liabilities: | Derivative liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | Derivative liabilities: | | | |
| Interest rate related | Interest rate related | 3,813 | | | — | | | 165,737 | | | — | | | (161,924) | |
| | Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Mortgage delivery commitments | |
| Total derivative liabilities | Total derivative liabilities | 3,813 | | | — | | | 165,737 | | | — | | | (161,924) | |
| Total liabilities at fair value | Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 2,266,201 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,428,125 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (161,924) | |
| Nonrecurring fair value measurements - Assets (2) | |
| Mortgage loans held for portfolio | $ | 108 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 108 | | |
|
(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the FHLB to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and related accrued interest held or placed by the FHLB with the same counterparty.
(2)The fair value information presented is as of the date the fair value adjustment was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Fair Value Option. The fair value option provides an irrevocable option to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments not previously carried at fair value. It requires a company to display the fair value of those assets and liabilities for which it has chosen to use fair value on the face of the Statements of Condition. Fair value is used for both the initial and subsequent measurement of the designated assets, liabilities and commitments, with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. If elected, interest income and interest expense on Advances and Consolidated Obligations carried at fair value are recognized based solely on the contractual amount of interest due or unpaid. Any transaction fees or costs are immediately recognized into other non-interest income or other non-interest expense.
The FHLB has elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments that either do not qualify for hedge accounting or may be at risk for not meeting hedge effectiveness requirements. These fair value elections were made primarily in an effort to mitigate the potential income statement volatility that can arise from economic hedging relationships in which the carrying value of the hedged item is not adjusted for changes in fair value.
Table 15.3 presents net gains (losses) recognized in earnings related to financial assets and liabilities in which the fair value option was elected during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Table 15.3 – Fair Value Option - Financial Assets and Liabilities (in thousands) | | | | | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | | | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| Net Gains (Losses) from Changes in Fair Value Recognized in Earnings | Net Gains (Losses) from Changes in Fair Value Recognized in Earnings | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | Net Gains (Losses) from Changes in Fair Value Recognized in Earnings | | | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Advances | Advances | | $ | (1,397) | | | $ | 439 | | | $ | 238 | |
| Consolidated Discount Notes | Consolidated Discount Notes | | 1,336 | | | 1,060 | | | (1,060) | |
| Consolidated Bonds | Consolidated Bonds | | 10,196 | | | (8,792) | | | (53,030) | |
| Total net gains (losses) | Total net gains (losses) | | $ | 10,135 | | | $ | (7,293) | | | $ | (53,852) | |
For instruments recorded under the fair value option, the related contractual interest income, contractual interest expense and the discount amortization on Discount Notes are recorded as part of net interest income on the Statements of Income. The remaining changes in fair value for instruments in which the fair value option has been elected are recorded as “Net gains (losses) on financial instruments held under fair value option” in the Statements of Income, except for changes in fair value related to instrument specific credit risk, which are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the StatementStatements of Condition. The FHLB has determined that none of the remaining changes in fair value were related to instrument-specific credit risk for the years ended December 31, 20212023 or 2020.2022. In determining that there has been no change in instrument-specific credit risk period to period, the FHLB primarily considered the following factors:
▪The FHLB is a federally chartered GSE, and as a result of this status, the FHLB’s Consolidated Obligations have historically received the same credit ratings as the government bond credit rating of the United States, even though they are not obligations of the United States and are not guaranteed by the United States.
▪The FHLB is jointly and severally liable with the other 10 FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on all Consolidated Obligations of each of the other FHLBanks.
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate unpaid principal balance outstanding and the aggregate fair value for Advances and Consolidated Obligations for which the fair value option has been elected.
Table 15.4 – Aggregate Unpaid Balance and Aggregate Fair Value (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | Aggregate Fair Value | | Aggregate Fair Value Over/(Under) Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | Aggregate Fair Value | | Aggregate Fair Value Over/(Under) Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | Aggregate Fair Value | | Aggregate Fair Value Over/(Under) Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance | | Aggregate Fair Value | | Aggregate Fair Value Over/(Under) Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |
| Advances | Advances | $ | 26,500 | | | $ | 25,805 | | | $ | (695) | | | $ | 26,500 | | | $ | 27,202 | | | $ | 702 | |
| Consolidated Discount Notes | Consolidated Discount Notes | 10,426,400 | | | 10,420,974 | | | (5,426) | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Consolidated Bonds | Consolidated Bonds | 7,175,000 | | | 7,175,060 | | | 60 | | | 2,241,000 | | | 2,262,388 | | | 21,388 | |
Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments. Table 16.1 represents off-balance sheet commitments at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022. The FHLB has deemed it unnecessary to record any liabilities for credit losses on these commitments at December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022, based on its credit extension and collateral policies.
Table 16.1 - Off-Balance Sheet Commitments (in thousands)
| | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| Notional Amount | Notional Amount | Expire within one year | | Expire after one year | | Total | | Expire within one year | | Expire after one year | | Total | Notional Amount | Expire within one year | | Expire after one year | | Total | | Expire within one year | | Expire after one year | | Total |
| Letters of Credit | Letters of Credit | $ | 34,281,457 | | | $ | 355,646 | | | $ | 34,637,103 | | | $ | 27,741,220 | | | $ | 1,071,029 | | | $ | 28,812,249 | |
| Commitments for standby bond purchases | Commitments for standby bond purchases | 14,035 | | | 12,885 | | | 26,920 | | | — | | | 35,030 | | | 35,030 | |
| | Commitments to purchase mortgage loans | Commitments to purchase mortgage loans | 249,581 | | | — | | | 249,581 | | | 137,352 | | | — | | | 137,352 | |
| | Commitments to purchase mortgage loans | |
| Commitments to purchase mortgage loans | |
Unsettled Consolidated Bonds, principal amount (1) | |
Unsettled Consolidated Discount Notes, principal amount (1) | Unsettled Consolidated Discount Notes, principal amount (1) | — | | | — | | | — | | | 321,551 | | | — | | | 321,551 | |
(1)Expiration is based on settlement period rather than underlying contractual maturity of Consolidated Obligations.
Letters of Credit: The FHLB issues Letters of Credit on behalf of its members to support certain obligations of the members (or member's customer) to third-party beneficiaries. Letters of Credit may be offered to assist members and non-member housing associates in facilitating residential housing finance, community lending, and asset-liability management, and to provide liquidity. In particular, members often use Letters of Credit as collateral for deposits from federal and state government agencies. Letters of Credit are executed for members for a fee. If the FHLB is required to make payment for a beneficiary's draw, the member either reimburses the FHLB for the amount drawn or, subject to the FHLB's discretion, the amount drawn may be converted into a collateralized Advance to the member. However, Letters of Credit usually expire without being drawn upon. Letters of Credit have original expiration periods of up to 18 years, currently expiringissued by the FHLB expire no later than 2034. The carrying value of guarantees related to Letters of Credit are recorded in other liabilities and were (in thousands) $8,751$11,775 and $8,675$9,691 at December 31, 20212023 and 2020, respectively.2022.
The FHLB monitors the creditworthiness of its members that have Letters of Credit. In addition, Letters of Credit are generally subject to the same collateralization and borrowing limits that apply to Advances and are fully collateralized at the time of issuance.
Standby Bond Purchase Agreements: TheAt December 31, 2022, the FHLB hashad executed standby bond purchase agreements with 1one state housing authority whereby the FHLB, for a fee, agreesagreed as a liquidity provider if required, to purchase and hold the authority's bonds until the designated marketing agent cancould find a suitable investor or the housing authority repurchasesrepurchased the bonds according to a schedule established by the standby agreement. Each standby agreement dictates the specific terms that would require the FHLB to purchase the bonds and typically allows the FHLB to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of a default event of the issuer. The bond purchase commitments entered into by the FHLB have original expiration periods up to 6 years, currently no later thanexpired in 2023. During 2023 although some are renewable at the option of the FHLB. During 2021 and 2020,2022, the FHLB was not required to purchase any bonds under these agreements.
Commitments to Purchase Mortgage Loans: The FHLB enters into commitments that unconditionally obligate the FHLB to purchase mortgage loans. Commitments are generally for periods not to exceed 90 days. The delivery commitments are recorded as derivatives at their fair values.
Consolidated Obligations: As previously described, Consolidated Obligations are backed only by the financial resources of the FHLBanks. The joint and several liability Finance Agency regulation authorizes the Finance Agency to require any FHLBank to repay all or a portion of the principal and interest on Consolidated Obligations for which another FHLBank is the primary obligor. No FHLBank has ever been asked or required to repay the principal or interest on any Consolidated Obligation on behalf of another FHLBank and as ofduring the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021, and through the filing date of this report, the FHLB does not believe that it is probable that it will be asked to do so.so through the filing date of this report.
The FHLB determined that it was not necessary to recognize a liability for the fair values of its joint and several obligation related to other FHLBanks' Consolidated Obligations at December 31, 2021, 2020,2023, 2022, or 2019.2021. The joint and several obligations are mandated by Finance Agency regulations and are not the result of arms-length transactions among the FHLBanks. The
FHLBanks have no control over the amount of the guaranty or the determination of how each FHLBank would perform under the joint and several obligation.
Pledged Collateral. Collateral. The FHLB may pledgepledged securities, as collateral, related to derivatives. See Note 7 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities for additional information about the FHLB'sFHLB’s pledged collateral and other credit-risk-related contingent features.collateral.
Legal Proceedings. From time to time, the FHLB is subject to legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The FHLB would record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount could be reasonably estimated. After consultation with legal counsel, management does not anticipate that the ultimate liability and the range of reasonably possible losses, if any, arising out of any matters will have a material effect on the FHLB's financial condition or results of operations.
Note 17 - Transactions with Other FHLBanks
The FHLB notes all transactions with other FHLBanks on the face of its financial statements. Occasionally, the FHLB loans short-term funds to and borrows short-term funds from other FHLBanks. These loans and borrowings are transacted at then current market rates when traded. There were no such loans or borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.2023, 2022 or 2021. The following table details the average daily balance of lending and borrowing between the FHLB and other FHLBanks for the years ended December 31.
Table 17.1 - Lending and Borrowing Between the FHLB and Other FHLBanks (in thousands)
| | Average Daily Balances for the Years Ended December 31, | | | Average Daily Balances for the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | Average Daily Balances for the Years Ended December 31, |
| | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Loans to other FHLBanks | Loans to other FHLBanks | $ | — | | | $ | 4,918 | | | $ | 2,877 | |
| Borrowings from other FHLBanks | Borrowings from other FHLBanks | 137 | | | 137 | | | 137 | |
In addition, the FHLB may, from time to time, assume the outstanding primary liability for Consolidated Obligations of another FHLBank (at then current market rates on the day when the transfer is traded) rather than issuing new debt for which the FHLB is the primary obligor. The FHLB then becomes the primary obligor on the transferred debt. There are no formal arrangements governing the transfer of Consolidated Obligations between the FHLBanks, and these transfers are not investments of one FHLBank in another FHLBank. Transferring debt at current market rates enables the FHLBank System to satisfy the debt issuance needs of individual FHLBanks without incurring the additional selling expenses (concession fees) associated with new debt. It also provides the transferring FHLBanks with outlets for extinguishing debt structures no longer required for their balance sheet management strategies.
There were no Consolidated Obligations transferred to the FHLB during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019,2023, the par amount of the liability on Consolidated Obligations transferred to the FHLB totaled (in thousands) $10,000. All such transfers were from the FHLBank of Boston.$250,000. The net premiumsdiscount associated with these transactionsthis transaction was immaterial and the Consolidated Obligation matured prior to December 31, 2023. There were (in thousands) $2,697 in 2019.no Consolidated Obligations transferred to the FHLB during the years ended 2022 or 2021. The FHLB had no Consolidated Obligations transferred to other FHLBanks during these periods.
Note 18 - Transactions with Stockholders
As a cooperative, the FHLB's capital stock is owned by its members, by former members that retain the stock as provided in the FHLB's Capital Plan and by nonmember institutions that have acquired members and must retain the stock to support Advances or other capital-requiring activities with the FHLB. All Advances arewere issued to members and all mortgage loans held for portfolio arewere purchased from members.members during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The FHLB also maintains demand deposit accounts for members, primarily to facilitate settlement activities that are directly related to Advances and mortgage loan purchases. Additionally, the FHLB may enter into interest rate swaps with its stockholders. The FHLB may not invest in any equity securities issued by its stockholdersstockholders. At December 31, 2023 and it has2022, the FHLB did not purchasedown any MBS securitized by, or other direct long-term investments in,issued by its stockholders.
For financial statement purposes, the FHLB defines related parties as those members with more than 10 percent of the voting interests of the FHLB capital stock outstanding. Federal statute prescribes the voting rights of members in the election of both Member and Independent directors. For Member directorships, the Finance Agency designates the number of Member directorships in a given year and an eligible voting member may vote only for candidates seeking election in its respective state. For Independent directors, the FHLB's Board of Directors nominates candidates to be placed on the ballot in an at-large election. For both Member and Independent director elections, a member is entitled to vote one share of required capital stock, subject to a statutory limitation, for each applicable directorship. Under this limitation, the total number of votes that a member may cast is limited to the average number of shares of the FHLB's capital stock that were required to be held by all members in that state as of the record date for voting. Nonmember stockholders are not eligible to vote in director elections. Due toGiven these statutory limitations, no member owned more than 10 percent of the voting interests of the FHLB at December 31, 20212023 or 2020.2022.
All transactions with stockholders are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Finance Agency regulations require the FHLB to offer the same pricing for Advances and other services to all members regardless of asset or transaction size, charter type, or geographic location. However, the FHLB may, in pricing its Advances, distinguish among members based upon its assessment of the credit and other risks to the FHLB of lending to any particular member or upon other reasonable criteria that may be applied equally to all members. The FHLB's policies and procedures require that such standards and criteria be applied consistently and without discrimination to all members applying for Advances.Advances and other services.
Transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions. In the ordinary course of its business, the FHLB provides products and services to members whose officers or directors serve as directors of the FHLB (Directors' Financial Institutions). Finance Agency regulations require that transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions be made on the same terms as those with any other member. The following table reflects balances with Directors' Financial Institutions for the items indicated below. The FHLB had no MBS or derivatives transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions at December 31, 20212023 or 2020.2022.
Table 18.1 - Transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions (dollars in millions)
| | | | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2023 | | December 31, 2022 |
| | | Balance | | % of Total (1) | | Balance | | % of Total (1) | | Balance | | % of Total (1) | | Balance | | % of Total (1) |
| Advances | Advances | $ | 6,131 | | | 26.7 | % | | $ | 7,048 | | | 28.2 | % | Advances | $ | 7,309 | | | 9.9 | | 9.9 | % | | $ | 22,009 | | | 32.6 | | 32.6 | % |
| MPP | MPP | 166 | | | 2.2 | | | 159 | | | 1.7 | |
| | Regulatory capital stock | Regulatory capital stock | 393 | | | 15.7 | | | 467 | | | 17.6 | |
| Regulatory capital stock | |
| Regulatory capital stock | |
|
(1)Percentage of total principal (Advances), unpaid principal balance (MPP), and regulatory capital stock.
Concentrations. The following table shows regulatory capital stock balances, outstanding Advance principal balances, and unpaid principal balances of mortgage loans held for portfolio of stockholders holding five percent or more of regulatory capital stock and includes any known affiliates that are members of the FHLB.
Table 18.2 - Stockholders Holding Five Percent or more of Regulatory Capital Stock (dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Regulatory Capital Stock | | Advance | | MPP Unpaid |
| December 31, 2021 | Balance | | % of Total | | Principal | | Principal Balance |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 186 | | | 7 | % | | $ | 3,272 | | | $ | 10 | |
| Third Federal Savings & Loan Association | 163 | | | 6 | | | 3,179 | | | 29 | |
| Protective Life Insurance Company | 143 | | | 6 | | | 2,800 | | | — | |
| Nationwide Life Insurance Company | 143 | | | 6 | | | 2,702 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Regulatory Capital Stock | | Advance | | MPP Unpaid |
| December 31, 2023 | Balance | | % of Total | | Principal | | Principal Balance |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 858 | | | 18 | % | | $ | 10,000 | | | $ | 7 | |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | 673 | | | 14 | | | 14,000 | | | — | |
| Keybank, N.A. | 526 | | | 11 | | | 9,836 | | | — | |
| Third Federal Savings & Loan Association | 255 | | | 5 | | | 5,008 | | | 23 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Regulatory Capital Stock | | Advance | | MPP Unpaid |
| December 31, 2020 | Balance | | % of Total | | Principal | | Principal Balance |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 288 | | | 11 | % | | $ | 4,273 | | | $ | 13 | |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | 163 | | | 6 | | | — | | | — | |
| Third Federal Savings & Loan Association | 137 | | | 5 | | | 3,443 | | | 42 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Regulatory Capital Stock | | Advance | | MPP Unpaid |
| December 31, 2022 | Balance | | % of Total | | Principal | | Principal Balance |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | $ | 1,293 | | | 25 | % | | $ | 19,000 | | | $ | 8 | |
| Keybank, N.A. | 670 | | | 13 | | | 11,344 | | | — | |
| Fifth Third Bank | 381 | | | 7 | | | 4,301 | | | — | |
| The Huntington National Bank | 303 | | | 6 | | | 1,702 | | | 348 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Nonmember Affiliates.Housing Associates. The FHLB has relationships with 3three nonmember affiliates,housing associates, the Kentucky Housing Corporation, the Ohio Housing Finance Agency and the Tennessee Housing Development Agency. The FHLB had no investments in or borrowings to any of these nonmember affiliateshousing associates at December 31, 20212023 or 2020. The FHLB has executed standby bond purchase agreements with the Ohio Housing Finance Agency whereby the FHLB, for a fee, agrees as a liquidity provider if required, to purchase and hold the authority's bonds until the designated marketing agent can find a suitable investor or the housing authority repurchases the bond according to a schedule established by the standby agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the FHLB was not required to purchase any bonds under these agreements.
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL DATA
Supplemental financial data required is set forth in the “Other Financial Information” caption at Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this report.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
There were no changes in or disagreements with our accountants on accounting and financial disclosure during the two most recent fiscal years.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of December 31, 2021,2023, the FHLB's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon that evaluation, these two officers each concluded that, as of December 31, 2021,2023, the FHLB maintained effective disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files under the Exchange Act is (1) accumulated and communicated to management
as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure and (2) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.Commission (SEC).
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of the FHLB is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The FHLB's internal control over financial reporting is designed by, or under the supervision of, the FHLB's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The FHLB's management assessed the effectiveness of the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.2023. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, management of the FHLB determined that, as of December 31, 2021,2023, the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
The effectiveness of the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20212023 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 20212023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the FHLB's internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Not applicable.None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent InspectionsInspections.
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The Finance Agency authorized us to have a total of 17 directors: 10 Member directors and seven Independent directors. Three of our Independent directors are designated as Public Interest directors and all 17 directors are elected by our members.
For both Member and Independent directorship elections, a member institution may cast one vote per seat or directorship up for election for each share of stock that the member was required to hold as of December 31 of the calendar year immediately preceding the election year. However, the number of votes that any member may cast for any one directorship cannot exceed the average number of shares of FHLB stock that were required to be held by all members located in its state. The election process is conducted electronically. Our Board of Directors does not solicit proxies nor is any member institution permitted to solicit proxies in an election.
Finance Agency regulations also provide for two separate selection processes for Member and Independent director candidates.
Member director candidates are nominated by any officer or director of a member institution eligible to vote in the respective statewide election, including the candidate's own institution. After the FHLB determines that the candidate meets all Member director eligibility requirements per Finance Agency regulations, the candidate may run for election and the candidate's name is placed on the ballot.
Independent director candidates are self-nominated. Any individual may submit an Independent director application form to the FHLB and request to be considered for election. The FHLB reviews all application forms to determine that the individual satisfies the appropriate public interest or non-public interest Independent director eligibility requirements per Finance Agency regulations before forwarding the application form to the Board for review of the candidate's qualifications and skills. The Board then nominates an individual whose name will appear on the ballot after consultation with the Affordable Housing Advisory Council and after the nominee information has been submitted to the Finance Agency for review. As part of the nomination process, the Board may consider several factors including the individual's contributions and service on the Board, if a former or incumbent director, and the specific experience and qualifications of the candidate. The Board also considers diversity in nominating Independent directors and how the attributes of the candidate may add to the overall strength and skill set of the Board. These same factors are considered when the Board fills a Member or Independent director vacancy.
DIRECTORS
The following table sets forth certain information (ages as of March 1, 2022)2024) regarding each of our current directors.
| | Name | Name | Age | Director Since | Expiration of Term as a Director | Independent or Member (State) | Name | Age | Director Since | Expiration of Term as a Director | Independent or Member (State) |
| J. Lynn Anderson, Chair | J. Lynn Anderson, Chair | 58 | 2017 (1) | 12/31/24 | Independent (OH) | J. Lynn Anderson, Chair | 60 | 2017 (1) | 12/31/24 | Independent (OH) |
| J. Wade Berry | J. Wade Berry | 52 | 2022 | 12/31/25 | Member (KY) | J. Wade Berry | 54 | 2022 | 12/31/25 | Member (KY) |
| Brady T. Burt | Brady T. Burt | 49 | 2017 | 12/31/24 | Member (OH) | Brady T. Burt | 51 | 2017 | 12/31/24 | Member (OH) |
| Greg W. Caudill | Greg W. Caudill | 63 | 2014 | 12/31/25 | Member (KY) | Greg W. Caudill | 65 | 2014 | 12/31/25 | Member (KY) |
| Kristin H. Darby | Kristin H. Darby | 47 | 2021 | 12/31/24 | Independent (TN) | Kristin H. Darby | 49 | 2021 | 12/31/24 | Independent (TN) |
Lewis Diaz (2) | 43 | 2022 | 12/31/23 | Independent (KY) |
| James A. England | 70 | 2011 | 12/31/22 | Member (TN) |
| Lewis Diaz | | Lewis Diaz | 45 | 2022 | 12/31/27 | Independent (KY) |
| Roy Molitor Ford, Jr. | | Roy Molitor Ford, Jr. | 58 | 2023 | 12/31/26 | Member (TN) |
| Danny J. Herron | Danny J. Herron | 64 | 2022 | 12/31/25 | Independent (TN) | Danny J. Herron | 66 | 2022 | 12/31/25 | Independent (TN) |
| Robert T. Lameier | Robert T. Lameier | 69 | 2016 | 12/31/23 | Member (OH) | Robert T. Lameier | 71 | 2016 | 12/31/27 | Member (OH) |
| Donald J. Mullineaux | 76 | 2010 | 12/31/23 | Independent (KY) |
| Michael P. Pell | Michael P. Pell | 58 | 2019 | 12/31/22 | Member (OH) | Michael P. Pell | 60 | 2019 | 12/31/26 | Member (OH) |
| Kathleen A. Rogers | 56 | 2020 | 12/31/25 | Member (OH) |
Leslie Scott Spivey (3) | 64 | 2022 | 12/31/22 | Independent (OH) |
| William S. Stuard, Jr. | 67 | 2011 | 12/31/22 | Member (TN) |
Kathleen A. Rogers (2) | | Kathleen A. Rogers (2) | 58 | 2020 | 12/31/25 | Member (OH) |
| Leslie Scott Spivey | | Leslie Scott Spivey | 66 | 2022 | 12/31/26 | Independent (OH) |
| Steven E. Stivers | | Steven E. Stivers | 58 | 2024 | 12/31/27 | Independent (OH) |
| Nancy E. Uridil | Nancy E. Uridil | 70 | 2015 | 12/31/22 | Independent (OH) | Nancy E. Uridil | 72 | 2015 | 12/31/26 | Independent (OH) |
| James J. Vance, Vice Chair | James J. Vance, Vice Chair | 60 | 2017 | 12/31/24 | Member (OH) | James J. Vance, Vice Chair | 62 | 2017 | 12/31/24 | Member (OH) |
| Jonathan D. Welty | Jonathan D. Welty | 52 | 2020 | 12/31/23 | Member (OH) | Jonathan D. Welty | 54 | 2020 | 12/31/27 | Member (OH) |
| H. McCall Wilson, Jr. | | H. McCall Wilson, Jr. | 58 | 2023 | 12/31/26 | Member (TN) |
(1)Ms. Anderson, an Independent director beginning in 2017, also served as a Member director from 2012-2016.
(2)Mr. DiazMs. Rogers was elected by the Board on November 18, 202121, 2023 to fill a vacant Ohio Member Director position, which is the position she previously held prior to her retirement as an Independent director vacancy. Mr. Diaz'sofficer at another Ohio member bank. Ms. Rogers will complete the remainder of the vacant term, commenced on January 1, 2022 and will end onending December 31, 2023 (what would have been the end of the unexpired term).
(3)Mr. Spivey was elected by the Board on November 18, 2021 to fill an Independent director vacancy. Mr. Spivey's term commenced on January 1, 2022 and will end on December 31, 2022 (what would have been the end of the unexpired term).2025.
Member Directors
Finance Agency regulations govern the eligibility requirements for our Member directors. Each Member director, and each nominee to a Member directorship, must be a U.S. citizen and an officer or director of a member that: is located in the voting state to be represented by the Member directorship, was a member of the FHLB as of the record date, and meets all minimum capital requirements established by its appropriate Federal banking agency or state regulator.
Generally, each Member director is nominated and elected by our members through an annual voting process administered by us. Any member that is entitled to vote in the election may nominate an eligible individual to fill each available Member directorship for its voting state, and all eligible nominees must be presented to the membership in the voting state. Our directors are not permitted to nominate or elect Member directors, except to fill a vacancy for the remainder of an unexpired term or to fill a vacancy for which no nominations were received. In accordance with Finance Agency regulations, except when acting in a personal capacity, no director, officer, attorney, employee or agent of the FHLB may communicate in any manner that he or she directly or indirectly, supports or opposes the nomination or election of a particular individual for a Member directorship or take any other action to influence the voting with respect to a particular individual. As a result, the FHLB is not in a position to know which factors its member institutions considered in nominating candidates for Member directorships or in voting to elect Member directors. However, if the Board takes action to fill a vacant Member directorship, facts considered in electing such director may be communicated toby the FHLB.
The business experiences of our current Member directors are as follows:
Mr. Berry has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Farmers Bank & Trust Company, Marion, Kentucky, since 2011.
Mr. Burt has been the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Park National Bank, Newark, Ohio, a subsidiary of Park National Corporation, since December 2012. He also serves as the Secretary, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer of Park National Corporation.
Mr. Caudill has served on the Board of Directors of Farmers National Bank, Danville, Kentucky since 1996. Previously, Mr. Caudill was the Chief Executive Officer of Farmers National Bank from December 2002 to December 2020. He also served as the President of Farmers National Bank from December 2002 until April 2016.
Mr. EnglandFord has been the Chairman of Decatur CountyCommercial Bank Decaturville,and Trust Company, Memphis, Tennessee, since 1990. He also served asMay 2019 and the Chief Executive Officer of Decatur CountyCommercial Bank from 1990 to 2013.and Trust Company since 1998.
Mr. Lameier has been the Chief Executive Officer and a director of Miami Savings Bank, Miamitown, Ohio since 1993. He also served as the PresidentChief Executive Officer of Miami Savings Bank from 1993 to December 2022 as well as President from 1993 to February 2022.
Mr. Pell has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of First State Bank, Winchester, Ohio since March 2006.
Ms. Rogers has beenserved on the Executive Vice President, Chief Finance Data Officer and Chief Finance Administrative OfficerBoard of U.S.Directors of Fifth Third Bank, N.A., Cincinnati, Ohio since February 2022.August 2023. Previously, she was the Executive Vice President, Director of Capital Stress Testingserved in various executive financial positions at U.S. Bancorp and Financial Systems of U.S. Bank, N.A., from August 2016 to August 2021 when she moved to the Transformation Office until moving to her current role as mentioned above. She also served as theNA including Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of U.S. Bancorp from January 2015 to August 2016.
Mr. Stuard has been2016, Director of Business Line Reporting, Planning and Financial Systems from 1998 to December 2014, Director of Stress Testing from 2009 to December 2014 and again from September 2016 to August 2021, finishing her career in June 2023 as the Chairman of F&M Bank, Clarksville, Tennessee, since January 2016Chief Finance Administration, Data and the President and Chief Executive Officer of F&M Bank since January 1991.Transformation Officer.
Mr. Vance has been the Senior Vice President of Western-Southern Life Assurance Company and related subsidiaries (Cincinnati, Ohio) since January 2024. Previously, he served as Senior Vice President and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Western-Southern Life Assurance Company and related subsidiaries (Cincinnati, Ohio) sincefrom October 2020. Previously, he served2020 to January 2024, and as the Senior Vice President and Treasurer of Western-Southern Life Assurance Company and related subsidiaries from March 2016 to October 2020 and as the Vice President and Treasurer from 1999 to March 2016.2020.
Mr. Welty has been the President of Ohio Capital Finance Corporation (OCFC), Columbus, Ohio since August 2019 and the Executive Vice President of Ohio Capital Corporation for Housing (OCCH), an affiliate of OCFC, since November 2020. Prior to serving as the President of OCFC, Mr. Welty served as an Executive Director from January 2010 to August 20192019.
Mr. Wilson has been the President and as the Vice PresidentChief Executive Officer of OCCH from May 2000 until November 2020.The Bank of Fayette County, Collierville, Tennessee since June 2001.
Independent Directors
Finance Agency regulations also govern the eligibility requirements of our Independent directors. Each Independent director, and each nominee to an Independent directorship, must be a U.S. citizen and bona fide resident of our District. At least two of our Independent directors must be designated by our Board as public interest directors. Public interest Independent directors must have more than four yearsyears' experience representing consumer or community interest in banking services, credit needs, housing, or consumer financial protections. All other Independent directors must have knowledge of or experience in one or more of the following areas: auditing and accounting; derivatives; financial management; organizational management; project development; risk management practices; and the law. Our Board of Directors nominates candidates for Independent directorships. Directors, officers, employees, attorneys, or agents of the FHLB are permitted to support directly or indirectly the nomination or election of a particular individual for an Independent directorship.
The business experiences of our current Independent directors are as follows:
Ms. Anderson served as the President of Nationwide Bank from November 2009 to March 2016. Prior to retiring, she served as the Senior Vice President-Member Solutions Integration for Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company from March 2016 to December 2016. Ms. Anderson is a Certified Public Accountant and hasCertified Internal Auditor. She served over 10 years of experience serving on the board of National Church Residences, a leading national non-profitwhich is the nation's largest not-for-profit provider of affordable senior housing.housing with over 400 communities serviced. Ms. Anderson is a member of Women Corporate Directors and Women for Economic Leadership Development. Ms. Anderson's leadership positions within the banking and insurance industries contribute skills to the Board in the areas of auditing and accounting, operations and corporate governance. In addition, her non-profitnot-for-profit housing experience provides public interest viewpoints that connect to the FHLB's mission.
Ms. Darby has been the Chief Information Officer at U.S. Medical ManagementHarmonyCares since January 2022, and a Strategic Technology Advisor at KHD Consulting since August 2021. Prior to that, Ms. Darby served as the Chief Information Officer of Envision Healthcare from November 2018 to July 2021, and was the Chief Information Officer of Cancer Treatment Centers of America from April 2014 to November 2018. Ms. Darby is a Certified Public Accountant and Certified Fraud Examiner. Having served as a technology leader at a large public organization, Ms. Darby offers the Board comprehensive knowledge on technology strategy and operations, and digital and cybersecurity.
Mr. Diaz has been a Partner at the law firm of Dinsmore & Shohl, LLP since April 2014 where he concentrates his practice on affordable housing and traditional governmental finance. Mr. Diaz also served from 2002 to 2008 in multiple capacities, including Program Counsel and interim Chief Council, at the Kentucky Housing Corporation, the state’s housing finance agency. Mr. Diaz contributes a diverse skill set to the Board including public interest representation, public and private housing development, legal expertise and complex financing structures to support affordable housing.
Mr. Herron has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Habitat for Humanity of Greater Nashville since 2010. Previously, he was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Cumberland Bank, Franklin, Tennessee from 1993 to 2007. He has also served as a member of the FHLB’s Advisory Council sincefrom 2014 to 2021 and was Council Chair from 2019 to 2020. Mr. Herron’s years of experience in non-profit housing development and community banking brings insight to the Board that contributes to the FHLB’s vision of helping members achieve business success and enhance communities.
Dr. MullineauxMr. Spivey is the Emeritus duPont Endowed Chair in Banking and Financial Services in the Gatton College of Business and Economics at the University of Kentucky. He was the duPont Endowed Chairretired from 1984 until 2014. Previously, he was on the staff of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia,First Student, Inc., where he served as Senior Vice President and Director of Research from 1979 until 1984. He also served as a director of Farmers Capital Bank Corporation from 2005 until 2009. He has published numerous articles and lectured on a variety of banking topics, including risk management, financial markets and economics. He served as the Curriculum Director for the ABA's Stonier Graduate School of Banking from 2001 to 2016. Dr. Mullineaux brings knowledge and experience to the Board in areas vital to the operation of financial institutions in today's economy.
Mr. Spivey has been the Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of First Student, Inc. sincefrom January 2015. Previously, he was2015 to October 2022. Mr. Spivey also served as the Senior Vice President of Finance of CHEP Global Pallets from 2013 to 2014 and theas Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of CHEP Americas from 2008 to 2013. Mr. Spivey has extensive experience in financial operations across multiple industries ranging from transportation and logistics to telecommunications and packaged goods. Mr. Spivey contributes private sector strategic financial leadership and diversity of perspective to the Board.
Mr. Stivers has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ohio Chamber of Commerce since May 2021. Previously, he served as Congressman of Ohio’s 15th Congressional District from January 2011 until May 2021, where he served on the Rules and Financial Services Committees and was a Ranking Member on the Housing, Community Development, and Insurance Subcommittee. Mr. Stivers also served as an Ohio State Senator from 2003 to 2008, where he served as Chairman of the Insurance, Commerce and Labor Committee as well as Vice Chairman of the Finance and Financial Institutions Committee. Additionally, Mr. Stivers served over 30 years in the Ohio Army National Guard and holds the rank of Major General. Mr. Stivers brings extensive government and private sector experience to the Board that contributes to the FHLB’s mission to promote affordable housing and economic development.
Ms. Uridil has more than 18 years of experience as a Senior Vice President of $1 billion to $6 billion global businesses (consumer packaged goods, cosmetics, durables) creating and delivering corporate and functional strategies. Specifically, she was the Senior Vice President of Global Operations for Moen Incorporated from 2005 to her retirement in 2014, Senior Vice President at Estée Lauder Cos from 2000 to 2005 and Senior Vice President at Mary Kay, Inc. from 1996 to 2000. Ms. Uridil served on the Board of Directors of Flexsteel Industries, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLXS) from 2010 to 2019, where she served on the Compensation Committee and led the Governance Committee. Ms. Uridil has extensive experience in strategy, expense and capital management, merger and acquisition integration and sourcing. Ms. Uridil's qualifications and insight provide valuable skills to the Board in the important areas of personnel, compensation, information technology and operations.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table sets forth certain information (ages as of March 1, 2022)2024) regarding our executive officers.
| | Name | Name | Age | Position | Employee of the FHLB Since | Name | Age | Position | Employee of the FHLB Since |
| Andrew S. Howell | Andrew S. Howell | 60 | President and Chief Executive Officer | 1989 | Andrew S. Howell | 62 | President and Chief Executive Officer | 1989 |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | Stephen J. Sponaugle | 59 | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer | 1992 | Stephen J. Sponaugle | 61 | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer | 1992 |
| R. Kyle Lawler | 64 | Executive Vice President, Chief Business Officer | 2000 |
| Roger B. Batsel | Roger B. Batsel | 50 | Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer | 2014 | Roger B. Batsel | 52 | Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer | 2014 |
| Damon v. Allen | Damon v. Allen | 51 | Senior Vice President, Housing and Community Investment Officer | 1999 | Damon v. Allen | 53 | Senior Vice President, Chief Marketing and Community Investment Officer | 1999 |
| J. Christopher Bates | J. Christopher Bates | 46 | Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer | 2005 | J. Christopher Bates | 48 | Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer | 2005 |
| James C. Frondorf | James C. Frondorf | 44 | Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer | 2001 | James C. Frondorf | 46 | Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer | 2001 |
| Tami L. Hendrickson | Tami L. Hendrickson | 61 | Senior Vice President, Treasurer | 2006 | Tami L. Hendrickson | 63 | Senior Vice President, Treasurer | 2006 |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | Bridget C. Hoffman | 45 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel | 2018 | Bridget C. Hoffman | 47 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel | 2018 |
| Amy L. Konow | Amy L. Konow | 47 | Senior Vice President, Chief Audit Executive | 2020 | Amy L. Konow | 49 | Senior Vice President, Chief Audit Executive | 2020 |
| Karla M. Russo | Karla M. Russo | 53 | Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources and Inclusion Officer | 2014 | Karla M. Russo | 55 | Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources and Inclusion Officer | 2014 |
| Daniel A. Tully | Daniel A. Tully | 44 | Senior Vice President, Chief Risk and Compliance Officer | 2006 | Daniel A. Tully | 46 | Senior Vice President, Chief Risk and Compliance Officer | 2006 |
The business experiences of our current executive officers are as follows:
Mr. Howell became the President and Chief Executive Officer in June 2012. Previously, he served as the Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer since January 2008. His career with the FHLB also included multiple years in the roles of Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer and Executive Vice President, Chief Business Officer.
Mr. Sponaugle became the Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer in January 2018. Previously, he served as the Executive Vice President, Chief Risk and Compliance Officer since January 2017.
Mr. Lawler became the Executive Vice President, Chief Business Officer in August 2012. Previously, he served as the Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer since May 2007.
Mr. Batsel became the Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer in January 2020. Previously, he served as the FHLB's Senior Vice President, Chief Information and Operations Officer since July 2018. Mr. Batsel also served as the FHLB's Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer since January 2014.
Mr. Allen became the Senior Vice President, HousingChief Marketing and Community Investment Officer in January 2012.2023. Previously, he served as the FHLB's Senior Vice President, Housing and Community Investment Officer since July 2011.January 2012.
Mr. Bates became the Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer in January 2015. Previously, he served as the FHLB's Vice President, Controller since January 2013.
Mr. Frondorf became the Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer in June 2021 after serving as the Senior Vice President, Assistant Chief Credit Officer since January 2021. Prior to that, he served as the FHLB’s First Vice President, Credit Services since January 2018. Mr. Frondorf also served as the FHLB’s Vice President, Credit Services since January 2014.
Ms. Hendrickson became the Senior Vice President, Treasurer in January 2015. Previously, she served as the FHLB's Vice President, Treasurer since January 2010.
Ms. Hoffman became the Senior Vice President, General Counsel in May 2018. Previously, she was a partner of the law firm Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP from January 2011 to May 2018.
Ms. Konow became the Senior Vice President, Chief Audit Executive in July 2020. Previously, she was the Chief Financial Officer at Landrum & Brown, Inc. from November 2019 to June 2020 and the Vice President, Accounting and Finance from April 2018 to November 2019. Prior to that, she served as the Vice President, Operations - Financial Institutions Division at American Modern Insurance Group from November 2013 to February 2018.
Ms. Russo became the Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources and Inclusion Officer in January 2022. Previously, she served as the FHLB's First Vice President, Human Resources and Office of Minority and Woman Inclusion (OMWI) Officer since January 2018. Prior to that, she served as the FHLB's Vice President, Human Resources and OMWI Officer since March 2015.
Mr. Tully became the Senior Vice President, Chief Risk and Compliance Officer in April 2020. Previously, he served as the Senior Vice President, Assistant Chief Risk and Compliance Officer since January 2020. Prior to that, he served as the FHLB's First Vice President, Assistant Chief Risk and Compliance Officer since July 2018. Mr. Tully also served as the FHLB's First Vice President, Financial and Market Risk Analysis since January 2018 and as the Vice President, Financial and Market Risk Analysis since 2014.
All officers are appointed annually by our Board of Directors.
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Board of Directors has determined (1) that Mr. Brady T. Burt, Chair of the Audit Committee, and Committee member Mr. Leslie Scott Spivey, have the relevant accounting and related financial management expertise, and therefore are qualified, to serve as the Audit Committee financial experts within the meaning of the regulations of the SEC and (2) that each is independent under SEC Rule 10A-3(b)(1). Mr. Burt is a Certified Public Accountant and his experience has principally been in the accounting and finance disciplines within the financial industry, and has included managing various accounting functions. Mr. Spivey's experience has principally been in the finance disciplines crossing multiple industries. For additional information regarding the independence of the directors of the FHLB, see Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Board of Directors has adopted a “Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers” that applies to the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as well as all other executive officers. This policy serves to promote honest and ethical conduct, full, fair and accurate disclosure in the FHLB's reports to regulatory authorities and other public communications, and compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Code is posted on the FHLB's website (www.fhlbcin.com). If a waiver of any provision of the Code is granted to a covered officer, or if any amendment is made to the Code, information concerning the waiver or amendment will be posted on our website.
The Board of Directors has also adopted a “Standards of Conduct” policy that applies to all employees. The purpose of this policy is to promote a strong ethical climate that protects the FHLB against fraudulent activities and fosters an environment in which open communication is expected and protected.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
20212023 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
The following provides discussion and analysis regarding our 2023 compensation program for our executive officers, for 2021, and in particular our Named Executive Officers. NamedOur named Executive Officers for 20212023 were: Andrew S. Howell, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO); Stephen J. Sponaugle, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer; R. Kyle Lawler, Executive Vice President, Chief Business Officer; Roger B. Batsel, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer andOfficer; Bridget C. Hoffman, Senior Vice President, General Counsel.Counsel and Tami L. Hendrickson, Senior Vice President, Treasurer.
Compensation Program Overview (Philosophy and Objectives)
Our Board of Directors (the Board) is responsible for determining the philosophy and objectives of the compensation program. The philosophy of the program is to provide a flexible and market-based approach to compensation that attracts, retains and motivates high performing, accomplished financial services executives who, by their individual and collective performance, achieve strategic business initiatives to fulfill our mission. The program is primarily designed to focus executives on increasing business with member institutions within established profitability and risk tolerance levels, while also encouraging teamwork.
We compensate executive officers using a combination of base salary, short-term and deferred incentive-based cash compensation, retirement benefits and modest fringe benefits. We believe the compensation program communicates short and long-term goals and standards of performance for our mission and key business objectives and appropriately motivates and rewards executives commensurate with their contributions and achievements. The combination of base salary and short-term and deferred incentive pay creates a total compensation opportunity for executives who contribute to and influence strategic plans and who are primarily responsible for the strategic business plan, execution, and performance.
Oversight of the compensation program is the responsibility of the Board's Human Resources, Compensation and Inclusion Committee (the Committee). The Committee annually reviews the components of the compensation program to ensure it is consistent with and supports our mission, strategic business objectives, and short and long-term goals. In carrying out its responsibilities, the Committee may engage executive compensation consultants to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of the program and in determining the appropriate mix of compensation provided to executive officers. Because individuals are not permitted to own our capital stock, all compensation is paid in cash, and we have no equity compensation plans or arrangements.
The Committee recommends the CEO's annual compensation package to the Board, which is responsible for approving all compensation provided to the CEO. Additionally, the Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving the compensation program's budget for all officers, including the other Named Executive Officers, and submitting its recommendations to the Board for final approval.
Management Involvement - Executive Compensation
While the Board is ultimately responsible for determining the compensation of the CEO and all other executive officers, the CEO and the Human Resources department periodically advise the Committee regarding competitive and administrative issues affecting the compensation program. The CEO and the Human Resources department also present recommendations to the Committee regarding the compensation of all other executive officers, and administer programs approved by the Committee and the Board.
Finance Agency Oversight - Executive Compensation
The Director of the Finance Agency is required by regulation to prohibit an FHLBank from paying compensation to its executive officers that is not reasonable and comparable to that paid for employment in similar businesses involving similar duties and responsibilities. Finance Agency rules direct the FHLBanks to provide all compensation actions affecting their Named Executive Officers to the Finance Agency for review. Accordingly, following our Board's November 2021 and January 2022 meetings,approval, we submitted the 20222024 base salaries as well as incentive payments earned for 20212023 for the Named Executive Officers to the Finance Agency. At this time, we do not expect the regulatory requirements to have a material impact on our executive compensation programs. However, in the “FHLBank System at 100 – Focusing on the Future” report, the Finance Agency has stated it plans to recommend that Congress amend the FHLBank Act to eliminate the restrictions on the Finance Agency’s authority to prescribe levels or ranges for the compensation of executive officers of the FHLBanks.
Use of Comparative Compensation Data
The compensation program aims to provide a market competitive compensation package when recruiting and retaining highly talented executives seeking stable, long-term employment. To this end, we gather compensation data from a wide variety of sources, including broad-based national and regional surveys, information on compensation programs at other FHLBanks, and formal and informal interactions with our compensation consultant. Our consultant, McLagan (an Aon company), is a nationally recognized compensation consulting firm specializing in the financial services industry. We also participate in multiple surveys including the annual McLagan Federal Home Loan Bank Custom Survey and the annual Federal Home Loan Bank System Key Position Compensation Survey. Bothother national Human Resources consulting firms' surveys. All surveys contain executive and non-executive compensation information for various key positions across all FHLBanks. When determining the compensation program, the Committee and the CEO use compensation data collected from these sources to inform themselves regarding trends in compensation practices and as a comparison check against general market data (market check).
In setting 20212023 and 20222024 compensation, we primarily relied upon information from the McLagan Custom Survey. It encompasses information relating to the prior year's compensation from mortgage banks, commercial financial institutions that typically have assets of less than $20 billion, and other FHLBanks. However, we believe the positions at other FHLBanks generally are more directly comparable to ours given the unique nature of the FHLBank System. The FHLBanks share the same public policy mission, interact routinely with each other, and share a common regulator and regulatory constraints, including the need for Finance Agency review of all compensation actions affecting executive officers. However, there are significant differences across the FHLBank System, including the sizes of the various FHLBanks, the complexity of their operations, their organizational and cost structures, their locations and the cost of living in those locations, and the types of compensation packages offered. Thus, we do not and, as a practical matter could not,typically calculate compensation packages for our Named Executive Officers based solely on comparisons to the other FHLBanks.
Compensation Program Approach
The Committee utilizes a balanced approach for delivering base salary, short-term incentive and deferred pay with our compensation program. The annual (short-term) incentive compensation component rewards all officers and staff for the achievement of the annual strategic business goals. The deferred compensation component is providedpayable to certain officers, including the Named Executive Officers, for maintainingafter a three-year deferral period if the value of our members' capital stock is maintained above a minimum threshold over a three-yearthe period. The Committee has not established or assigned specific percentages to each element of the compensation program. Instead, the Committee strives to create a program that generally delivers a total compensation opportunity, i.e., base salary, annual and deferred incentive compensation and other benefits, (including a retirement plan), to each executive officer that, when target performance goals are met, is at or near the median of the other FHLBanks and is
generally consistent with the market check. However, individual elements of compensation as well as total compensation for individual executives may vary from the median due to an executive's tenure, experience and responsibilities.
While the competitiveness of the compensation program is an important factor for attracting and retaining executives, the Committee also reviews all elements of the program to ensure it is well designed and fiscally responsible from both a regulatory and corporate governance perspective.
Impact of Risk-Taking on Compensation Program
The Committee reviews the overall program to ensure the compensation of executive officers does not encourage unnecessary or excessive risk-taking that could threaten our long-term value. Strong risk management is an integral part of our culture. The Committee believes that base salary is a sufficient percentage of total compensation to discourage excessive risk-taking by executive officers. The Committee also believes the mix of incentive goals, which include risk-related metrics, does not encourage unnecessary or excessive risk-taking and achieves an appropriate balance of incentiveincentives for meeting short and long-term organizational goals. Moreover, the Committee and the Board retain the discretion to reduce or withhold incentive compensation payments if a determination is made that an executive has caused us to incur such a risk that could threaten our long-term value.
Elements of Total Compensation Program
The following table summarizes all compensation to our Named Executive Officers for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021. Discussion of each component follows the table.
Summary Compensation Table
| | Name and Principal Position | |
| Name and Principal Position | |
| Name and Principal Position | Name and Principal Position | Year | | Salary(1) | | | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation(2) | | Change in Pension Value & Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings(3) | | All Other Compensation(4) | | Total | Year | | Salary(1) | | | | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation(2) | | Change in Pension Value & Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings(3) | | All Other Compensation(4) | | Total |
| Andrew S. Howell | Andrew S. Howell | 2021 | | $ | 948,462 | | | | $ | 779,309 | | | $ | 964,000 | | | $ | 36,993 | | | $ | 2,728,764 | |
| President and CEO | President and CEO | 2020 | | 947,115 | | | | 785,578 | | | 3,225,000 | | | 36,097 | | | 4,993,790 | |
| 2021 | |
| | 2019 | | 939,615 | | | | 779,698 | | | 3,457,000 | | | 37,044 | | | 5,213,357 | |
| | Stephen J. Sponaugle | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | Stephen J. Sponaugle | 2021 | | 451,969 | | | | 292,092 | | | 428,000 | | | 17,400 | | | 1,189,461 | |
| Executive Vice President- | Executive Vice President- | 2020 | | 442,475 | | | | 292,190 | | | 1,435,000 | | | 17,100 | | | 2,186,765 | |
| Chief Financial Officer | Chief Financial Officer | 2019 | | 419,250 | | | | 259,314 | | | 1,377,000 | | | 16,800 | | | 2,072,364 | |
| | R. Kyle Lawler | 2021 | | 480,746 | | | | 303,203 | | | 523,000 | | | 17,400 | | | 1,324,349 | |
| Executive Vice President- | 2020 | | 467,423 | | | | 304,168 | | | 994,000 | | | 17,100 | | | 1,782,691 | |
| Chief Business Officer | 2019 | | 440,577 | | | | 303,275 | | | 994,000 | | | 16,800 | | | 1,754,652 | |
| | Roger B. Batsel | |
| Roger B. Batsel | |
| Roger B. Batsel | Roger B. Batsel | 2021 | | 373,000 | | | | 228,101 | | | 80,000 | | | 17,400 | | | 698,501 | |
| Executive Vice President- | Executive Vice President- | 2020 | | 368,000 | | | | 230,116 | | | 131,000 | | | 17,100 | | | 746,216 | |
| Chief Operating Officer | Chief Operating Officer | 2019 | | 341,000 | | | | 205,659 | | | 88,000 | | | 16,406 | | | 651,065 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman (5) | 2021 | | 374,783 | | | | 175,953 | | | 55,000 | | | 9,351 | | | 615,087 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | |
| Senior Vice President- | Senior Vice President- | | | |
| General Counsel | General Counsel | | | |
| Tami L. Hendrickson (5) | |
Tami L. Hendrickson (5) | |
Tami L. Hendrickson (5) | |
| Senior Vice President- | |
| Treasurer | |
(1)IncludesFor 2022 and 2021, includes excess accrued vacation benefits automatically paid in accordance with established policy (applicable to all employees), which for 2021 were as follows: Mr. Howell, $48,462; Mr. Sponaugle, $25,969; Mr. Lawler, $38,746 and Ms. Hoffman, $7,783..
(2)Amounts shown for 20212023 reflect total payments pursuant to the current portion of the 20212023 Incentive Plan and the deferred portion of the 20182020 Incentive Plan (2019(2021 - 20212023 performance period), as follows.
| | Name | Name | | 2021 Incentive Plan (current incentive) | | 2018 Incentive Plan
(three-year deferred incentive) | | Total | Name | | 2023 Incentive Plan (current incentive) | | 2020 Incentive Plan (three-year deferred incentive) | | Total |
| Andrew S. Howell | Andrew S. Howell | | $ | 363,636 | | | $ | 415,673 | | | $ | 779,309 | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | 137,698 | | | 154,394 | | | 292,092 | |
| R. Kyle Lawler | | 142,870 | | | 160,333 | | | 303,203 | |
| Roger B. Batsel | Roger B. Batsel | | 120,566 | | | 107,535 | | | 228,101 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | Bridget C. Hoffman | | 103,798 | | | 72,155 | | | 175,953 | |
| Tami L. Hendrickson | |
(3) Represents change in the actuarial present value of accumulated pension benefits only, which is primarily dependent on changes in interest rates, years of benefit service and salary. Decreases in pension values are reported in the table as $0. No above-market or preferential earnings are paid on any deferred compensation under any plan or agreement. See "Retirement Benefits" and "2021"2023 Pension Benefits" for additional information.
(4) Amounts represent matching contributions toFor 2023, all other compensation included the qualified defined contribution pension plan in 2021. following: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | FHLB Contributions to Vested Defined Contribution Plans (a) | | | | |
| Name | | Qualified Defined Contribution Plan | | Non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan | | Perquisites (b) | | Total |
| Andrew S. Howell | | $ | 52,800 | | | $ | 277,552 | | | $ | 19,142 | | | $ | 349,494 | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | | 52,800 | | | 74,410 | | | — | | | 127,210 | |
| Roger B. Batsel | | 19,800 | | | 13,382 | | | — | | | 33,182 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | | 15,880 | | | 11,925 | | | — | | | 27,805 | |
| Tami L. Hendrickson | | 12,919 | | | 8,073 | | | — | | | 20,992 | |
(a)For Mr. Howell 2021 alsoand Mr. Sponaugle, includes a transitional service credit in the form of an annual contribution to offset future losses due to adjusting the benefit formula under the defined benefit pension plan.
(b)For Mr. Howell, perquisites totaling $19,593, which consisted of personal use of an FHLB-owned vehicle, premiums for an Executive long-term disability plan, guest travel expenses and an airline program membership. The value of perquisites are based on thetheir actual cash cost.
(5) Ms. Hoffman's 2019 and 2020Hendrickson's 2021 compensation amounts areamount is not included as she was not a Named Executive Officer in those years.that year.
Salary
Base salary is both a key component of the total compensation program and a key factor when attracting and retaining executive talent. While base salaries for the Named Executive Officers are influenced by a number of factors, including the employee salary increase pool, market conditions, business trends and uncertainties, the Board generally targets the median of the competitive market. Other factors affecting an executive's base salary include length of time in position, relevant experience, individual achievement, and the size and scope of assigned responsibilities as compared to the responsibilities of other executives. Base salary increases traditionally take effect at the beginning of each calendar year and are granted after a review of the individual's performance and leadership contributions to the achievement of our annual business plan goals and strategic objectives.
Each of the current Named Executive Officers received a base salary increase at the beginning of 2023. For each of the current Named Executive Officers other than the CEO, total salary increases, for 2021, including merit, market, and promotional adjustments, ranged from 0.916.85 percent to 1.389.09 percent. These increases were based on the CEO's
recommendation for each executive, which took into consideration market data, and expected business trends. The smaller salaryand industry trends with consideration for the low unemployment level and higher inflation environment, and the minimal increases Named Executive Officers received for 2021 reflected continued uncertainty regardingand 2022. For Mr. Howell, directors provided feedback to the pandemic and economic conditions,Chair, and the expected reduced demand for Advances from many of our members givenCommittee recommended, and the elevated levels of liquidity in the financial markets and deposits held at member institutions. Mr. Howell declined theBoard subsequently approved a salary increase for 2021 approved byof 6.99 percent. In recommending and approving Mr. Howell's 2023 increase, the Committee which was based onand Board took into consideration competitive market analysis and the Committees'Committee's appraisals of his performance during the year.
In October 2021,2023, the Committee recommended and the Board approved a 4.255.25 percent salary increase pool for 20222024 for all employees, comprised of 3.003.75 percent for merit increases and 1.251.50 percent for market and promotional adjustments. Using the same process as described above and considering the current labor market environment and the recent total rewards analysis, in November 2021,2023, the Committee recommended, and the Board approved, the following 20222024 base salaries and percent increases for the Named Executive Officers: Mr. Howell, $930,000 (3.33$1,025,000 (3.02 percent); Mr. Sponaugle, $438,000 (2.82 percent); Mr. Lawler, $452,000 (2.26$486,000 (3.85 percent); Mr. Batsel, $384,000 (2.95$431,000 (4.11 percent); Ms. Hoffman, $425,000 (3.91 percent); and Ms. Hoffman, $378,000 (3.00Hendrickson, $374,000 (3.89 percent). In December 2021,2023, we were informed that the Finance Agency had completed its review and did not object to the Board-approved compensation actions affecting the Named Executive Officers in 2022.2024.
Non-Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (Incentive Plan)
The Incentive Plan is a cash-based total incentive award that is divided into two equal parts: (1) a current incentive award, and (2) a three-year deferred incentive award. The current component of the Incentive Plan is awarded annually and designed to promote and reward higher levels of performance for accomplishing Board-approved annual goals. The long-term component of the Incentive Plan is a three-year deferred incentive award that is designed to promote safety and soundness and serve as an employment retention tool for executive officers, including the Named Executive Officers.
The Incentive Plan annual goals reflect desired financial, operational, risk and public mission objectives for the current and future fiscal years. Each goal is weighted reflecting its relative importance and potential impact on our mission and annual strategic business plan. Each goal is assigned a quantitative threshold, target and maximum level of performance. Each Named Executive Officer's award opportunity is based entirely on bank-wide performance.
When establishing the Incentive Plan goals and corresponding performance levels, the Board anticipates that we will successfully achieve a threshold level of performance nearly every year. The target level is aligned with expected performance and is anticipated to be reasonably achievable in a majority of plan years. The maximum level of performance reflects a graduated level of difficulty from the target performance level and is designed to require superior performance to achieve.
Each Named Executive Officer is assigned a total incentive award opportunity, stated as a percentage of base salary, which corresponds to the individual's level of organizational responsibility and ability to contribute to and influence overall performance. The total incentive award opportunity established for executives is designed to be comparable to incentive opportunities for executives with similar duties and responsibilities at other financial institutions, primarily other FHLBanks, and generally consistent with our market check. The Board believes the total incentive opportunity and plan design provide an appropriate, competitive reward to all officers, including the Named Executive Officers, commensurate with the achievement levels expected for the incentive goals.
The total incentive award earned is determined based on the actual achievement level for each goal in comparison with the performance levels established for that goal.
The total incentive award opportunities for the 20212023 plan year stated as a percentage of base salary were as follows:
| | Incentive Opportunity |
| | Incentive Opportunity | | | | Incentive Opportunity |
| Name | Name | | Threshold | | Target | | Maximum | Name | | Threshold | | Target | | Maximum |
| Andrew S. Howell | Andrew S. Howell | | 50.0 | % | | 75.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | Andrew S. Howell | | 50.0 | % | | 75.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | 40.0 | | | 60.0 | | | 80.0 | |
| R. Kyle Lawler | | 40.0 | | | 60.0 | | | 80.0 | |
| Roger B. Batsel | Roger B. Batsel | | 40.0 | | | 60.0 | | | 80.0 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | Bridget C. Hoffman | | 35.0 | | | 52.5 | | | 70.0 | |
| Tami L. Hendrickson | |
If actual performance falls below the threshold level of performance, no payment is made for that goal. If actual performance exceeds the maximum level, only the value assigned as the performance maximum is paid. When actual performance falls between the assigned threshold, target and maximum performance levels, an interpolated achievement is calculated for that goal. The achievement for each goal is then multiplied by the corresponding incentive weight assigned to that goal and the results for each goal are summed to arrive at the final incentive award payable to the executive. No final awards (or payments) will be made to executives under the Incentive Plan if we receive the lowest "Composite Rating" during the most recent
examination by the Finance Agency. Such a rating would indicate that we have been found to be operating in an unacceptable manner, that we exhibit serious deficiencies in corporate governance, risk management or financial condition and performance, or that we are in substantial noncompliance with laws, Finance Agency regulations or supervisory guidance.
Fifty percent of the total opportunity for the Incentive Plan is awarded in cash following the plan year (current incentive award) and 50 percent is mandatorily deferred for three years after the end of the Plan year (deferred incentive award). The deferred incentive awards earned from 20192021 - 20212023 were based on the safety and soundness metric, which is tied to our market capitalization ratio defined as the market value of total capital divided by the par value of capital stock. The market capitalization ratio is measured as the simple average at 36 month ends in the three-year performance period using the base-case interest rate and business environment used in reports to the Board at each month end. If our market capitalization ratio is greater than 100 percent during the deferred performance period, the final value will be 100 percent of the deferred award plus interest based on the annual interest rates applicable to the qualified defined benefit plan. No payment would be made for the deferred incentive award if the market capitalization ratio, calculated as noted above, was less than 100 percent for the three-year deferral period.
Except as noted above with respect to exam ratings, the Board has ultimate authority over the Incentive Plan and may modify or terminate the Plan at any time or for any reason. The Board also has discretion to increase or decrease any Incentive Plan awards. In addition, payments under the Plan are subject to certain claw backclawback provisions that allow us to recover any incentive paid to a participant based on achievement of financial or operational goals that subsequently are deemed to be inaccurate, misstated or misleading. The Board believes these claw backclawback requirements serve as a deterrent to any manipulation of financial statements or performance metrics in a manner that would assure and/or increase an incentive payment.
20212023 Incentive Plan. For calendar year 2021,2023, the Board approved a total of sevensix performance measures in the functional areas of Franchise Value Promotion, Mission Asset ActivityAssets and Activities and Stockholder Risk/Return. The mix of financial and non-financial goals measures performance across our mission and corporate objectives and is intended to discourage unnecessary or excessive risk-taking. Because we consider risk management to be an essential component in the achievement of our mission and corporate objectives, the goals below include a separate risk-related metric.
At its January 20222024 meeting, following certification of the 20212023 performance results and in accordance with those results, the Board authorized the distribution to the Named Executive Officers of the current awards shown in Note 2 to the Summary Compensation Table. For the 20212023 plan year, we cumulatively achieved approximately 8188 percent of the available maximum incentive opportunity. This was lower than the 8891 percent overall performance achieved for 20202022, primarily due to not meeting the target performance level for twobecause one of the sevensix goals in 2021.2023 only met threshold performance.
The following table presents the incentive weights, threshold, target and maximum performance levels, and the actual results achieved for the 20212023 Incentive Plan performance measures for all Named Executive Officers.
20212023 Incentive Plan Performance Levels and Results
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in thousands) | | | | | | | | | |
| Incentive Weight | | Threshold Performance | | Target Performance | | Maximum Performance | | Results Achieved |
| Franchise Value Promotion | | | | | | | | | |
| 1) Mission Outreach | 10.0 | % | | 90 | | 100 | | 120 | | 117 |
| 2) Mission Asset Participation | 15.0 | | | 65 | % | | 72 | % | | 80 | % | | 72 | % |
| 3) Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan Achievement | 5.0 | | | Pass 6 of 11 metrics | | Pass 8 of 11 metrics | | Pass all 11 metrics and exceed goals on 3 by 5% | | 10 pass and 4 exceeded by 5% |
| Mission Asset Activity | | | | | | | | | |
| 4) Average Advance Balances for Members with Assets of $50 billion or Less | 15.0 | | | $ | 12,000,000 | | | $ | 16,000,000 | | | $ | 22,000,000 | | | $ | 14,436,762 | |
| 5) Community Financial Institutions Participation in the Mortgage Purchase Program | 15.0 | | | 700,000 | | | 900,000 | | | 1,600,000 | | | 890,607 | |
| Stockholder Risk/Return | | | | | | | | | |
| 6) Decline in Market Value of Equity | 20.0 | | | | | | | | | |
| +200 bps | | | < 7% | | < 6% | | < 4% | | (4.4) | % |
| -100 bps | | | < 4% | | < 3% | | < 1% | | (0.5) | % |
| 7) Profitability-Available Earnings vs. Average Short-term Rates (3-month LIBOR and Federal funds effective) | 20.0 | | | 25 bps | | 150 bps | | 250 bps | | 154 bps |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Incentive Weight | | Threshold Performance | | Target Performance | | Maximum Performance | | Results Achieved |
| Franchise Value Promotion | | | | | | | | | |
| 1) Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan Achievement | 10.0 | % | | Pass 8 of 16 metrics | | Pass 11 of 16 metrics | | Pass all 16 metrics | | 13 pass |
| 2) Strategic Initiatives | 15.0 | | | Pass 3 of 5 objectives | | Pass 4 of 5 objectives | | Pass all 5 objectives | | Pass 3 of 5 objectives |
| Mission Assets and Activities | | | | | | | | | |
| 3) Mission Assets and Activities Participation | 15.0 | | | 60 | % | | 70 | % | | 80 | % | | 82 | % |
| 4) Core Mission Assets and Activities Ratio | 20.0 | | | 70 | % | | 80 | % | | 85 | % | | 83 | % |
| Stockholder Risk/Return | | | | | | | | | |
| 5) Change in Market Value of Equity | 20.0 | | | | | | | | | |
| +200 bps | | | (7) | % | | (6) | % | | (4) | % | | (3.6) | % |
'-200 bps | | | (2) | % | | — | % | | 2 | % | | 3.2 | % |
| 6) Profitability-Available Earnings vs. Average Overnight Rates (SOFR and Federal funds effective) | 20.0 | | | 350 bps | | 425 bps | | 525 bps | | 512 bps |
During 2021,2023, the Board, the Committee and the CEO periodically reviewed the Incentive Plan goals presented above to determine progress toward the goals. Although the Board and the CEO discussed various external factors that were affecting achievement of the performance measures, the Board did not take any actions to revise or change the Incentive Plan goals.
20222024 Incentive Plan. At its January 2022 meeting,November and December 2023 and March 2024 meetings, the Board finalizedconsidered and approved the 20222024 Incentive Plan goals, the incentive weights, and the performance measures corresponding to each Incentive Plan goal and award opportunityopportunities for the 2022 Incentive Plan.Named Executive Officers and eligible employees. After that meeting,each of those meetings, the 2022 Incentive Planplan was sent to the Finance Agency and we received notificationfor its review. As of the completiondate of their reviewthis filing, the Finance Agency has not yet provided its non-objection, and non-objection in therefore, the plan is subject to change. We intend to file a Form 8-K of the final plan structure after the Finance Agency provides non-objection.February 2022. The 2022 Incentive Plan goals for our executives are set forth below.
2022 Incentive Plan Goals
| | | | | |
| Franchise Value Promotion |
| Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan Achievement | Weight: 10.0%
| Strategic Initiatives | Weight: 15.0%
| Mission Assets and Activities |
| Mission Assets and Activities Participation | Weight: 15.0%
| Core Mission Assets and Activities Ratio | Weight: 20.0%
| Stockholder Risk/Return |
| Decline in Market Value of Equity | Weight: 20.0%
| Profitability - Available Earnings vs. Average Short-term Rates (SOFR and Federal funds effective) | Weight: 20.0%
| |
| |
As reflected above, the Board decided to keep four of the 2022 goals the same as those in 2021 although the weighting of one goal and some of the performance metric calculations have been adjusted. Within the Franchise Value Promotion category, a prior goal based on mission outreach participation was removed, and a new goal, related to the completion of certain objectives tied to our Strategic Business Plan, was added. Additionally, two prior goals related to average Advances and Mortgage Purchase Program volumes were replaced by a goal connected to the core mission assets and activities ratio. Finally, SOFR
replaced the 3-month LIBOR component in the Profitability goal calculation. In setting the performance measures for the 2022 Incentive Plan, the Board reviewed the results against target for 2021 and considered relevant aspects of our financial outlook for 2022 including the expected interest rate environment and reduced member demand for Advances.The Board also considered opportunities to increase mission asset participation by members that are a focus for strategic initiatives.
Three-Year Deferred Incentive Awards. During 2021,2023, the Board, the Committee and the CEO periodically reviewed progress toward the deferred plan safety and soundness metric for each ongoing performance period. At its January 20222024 meeting, following certification of the performance results for the deferred portion of the 20182020 Incentive Plan (2019(2021 - 20212023 performance period) and in accordance with those results, the Board authorized the distribution of payments to eligible officers including the Named Executive Officers. Cumulatively, our market capitalization ratio was greater than 100 percent during the 20192021 - 20212023 performance period. As a result, the final value will bewas 100 percent of the deferred award plus interest based on the annual interest rates applicable to the qualified defined benefit plan. The deferred payments for the 20192021 - 20212023 performance period are shown in Note 2 to the Summary Compensation Table.
As described above, the deferred portion of the 20212023 Incentive Plan (2022(2024 - 20242026 performance period) is payable based on the result of a safety and soundness metric tied to the market capitalization ratio as defined in the 20222024 Incentive Plan. If our market capitalization ratio is greater than 100 percent during the 20222024 - 20242026 performance period, the final value will be 100 percent of the deferred award plus interest based on the annual interest rates applicable to the qualified defined benefit plan.
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation Grants
The following table provides information on grants made under our Incentive Plans.Plan.
Grants of Plan-Based Awards
| | | | | Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards | | | | | Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards |
| Name | Name | | Grant Date (1) | | Threshold | | Target | | Maximum | Name | | Grant Date (1) | | Threshold | | Target | | Maximum |
| Andrew S. Howell | Andrew S. Howell | | December 16, 2021 | | $ | 465,000 | | | $ | 697,500 | | | $ | 930,000 | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | December 16, 2021 | | 175,200 | | | 262,800 | | | 350,400 | |
| R. Kyle Lawler | | December 16, 2021 | | 180,800 | | | 271,200 | | | 361,600 | |
| Roger B. Batsel | Roger B. Batsel | | December 16, 2021 | | 153,600 | | | 230,400 | | | 307,200 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | Bridget C. Hoffman | | December 16, 2021 | | 132,300 | | | 198,450 | | | 264,600 | |
| Tami L. Hendrickson | |
(1)Awards granted on this date are for the 20222024 Incentive Plan.
Under the awards shown above, 50 percent of the estimated future payout will be awarded in cash following the Plan year. The other 50 percent of the estimated future payout will be mandatorily deferred for three years after the end of the Plan year. If we operate in a safe and sound manner according to the market capitalization ratio metric during the deferred performance period, the final value will be 100 percent of the deferred award plus interest based on the annual interest rates applicable to the qualified defined benefit plan. See the "Non-Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (Incentive Plan)" section above for further detail.
Retirement Benefits
We maintain a comprehensive retirement program for executive officers comprised of two qualified retirement plans (a defined benefit plan and a defined contribution plan) and atwo non-qualified pension plan.plans. For our qualified plans, we participate in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions and the Fidelitya Defined Contribution Plan.Plan administered by Fidelity. The non-qualified plan,plans, the Benefit Equalization Plan (BEP) and the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP), restoreswere designed to restore benefits that eligible highly compensated employees would have received were it not for Internal Revenue Service limitationslimitations. The BEP restores benefits related to the limits on benefits from the defined benefit plan. Benefits under the BEPplan and benefits vest and are payable according to the corresponding provisions of the qualified plans.plan. The SERP restores benefits related to the limitations within the defined contribution plan while also providing the Board another compensation option to consider when determining the market competitiveness of executive compensation.
The plans provide benefits based on a combination of an employee's tenure and annual compensation. As such, the benefits provided by the plans are one component of the total compensation opportunity for executive officers and, the Board believes, serve as valuable retention tools since retirement benefits increase as executives' tenure and compensation grow.
Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plan. The Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions (Pentegra DB) is a funded tax-qualified plan that is maintained on a non-contributory basis, meaning, employee contributions are not required. The pension benefit applies to employees who were hired prior to January 1, 2024. Participants' pension benefits vest upon completion of five years of service. The pension benefits payable under the Pentegra DB plan are determined using a pre-established formula that provides a single life annuity payable monthly at age 65 or normal retirement.
Prior to July 1, 2021, the benefit formula for employees hired before January 1, 2006, which includes Messrs. Howell Sponaugle, and Lawler,Sponaugle, was 2.50 percent for each year of benefit service multiplied by the highest three-year average compensation. Compensation was defined as base salary excess accrued vacation benefits and annual incentive compensation, and excludes any deferred incentive payments. In the event of retirement prior to attainment of age 65, a reduced pension benefit was payable under the plan, with payments commencing as early as age 45.
For employees who were hired after January 1, 2006, which includes Mr. Batsel and Ms.Mses. Hoffman and Hendrickson, the benefit formula was 1.25 percent for each year of benefit service multiplied by the highest five-year average compensation. Beginning in 2006 through the end of 2017, compensation was defined as base salary only and excluded all other forms of compensation. Beginning January 1, 2018, compensationCompensation is defined as base salary excess accrued vacation benefits (if applicable) and annual incentive compensation, and excludes any deferred incentive payments. In addition, the plan provided for a reduced pension benefit in the event of retirement prior to attainment of age 65 with payment commencing as early as age 55 if the participant had 10 years or more of service.
Effective July 1, 2021, the Pentegra DB plan design that applies to future benefits for all employees hired before January 1, 2024 was adjusted. The revised benefit formula is 1.25 percent for each year of benefit service multiplied by the highest five-year average compensation. The plan maintains the reduced benefit for those retiring before age 65 and extends early retirement
eligibility for all employees to as early as age 45 with 10 years of service. To offset future benefit losses, employees hired prior to January 1, 2006 will receive a transitional service credit beginning in 2022 and concluding in 2026 in the form of an annual contribution to their Defined Contribution account (up to the IRS maximum) or their SERP account. The annual contribution will beis equal to 10 percent of their eligible pension income up to the IRS maximum. The annual contribution will continue for five years.income. Employees must be employed for the full plan year to receive the transition contribution for that year.
Lastly, the Pentegra DB plan provides certain actuarially equivalent forms of benefit payments other than a single life annuity, including a limited lump sum distribution option, which is available only to employees hiredfor those benefits accrued prior to January 1, 2006.
Non-Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plan. Executive officers and other employees whose pay or pension benefit exceeds IRS pension limitations are eligible to participate in the Defined Benefit component of the Benefit Equalization Plan (DB/BEP), an unfunded, non-qualified pension plan that mirrors the Pentegra DB plan in all material respects. In determining whether a restoration of retirement benefits is due an eligible employee, the DB/BEP utilizes the identical benefit formula applicable to the Pentegra DB plan. In the event that the benefits payable from the Pentegra DB plan have been reduced or otherwise limited, the executive's lost benefits are payable under the terms of the DB/BEP. Because the DB/BEP is a non-qualified plan, the benefits received from this plan do not receive the same tax treatment and funding protection associated with the qualified plan.
The following table provides the present value of benefits payable to the Named Executive Officers upon retirement at age 65 from the Pentegra DB plan and the DB/BEP, and is calculated in accordance with the formula currently in effect for specified years-of-service and remuneration for participating in both plans. Our pension benefits do not include any reduction for a participant's Social Security benefits.
20212023 Pension Benefits
| | Name | Name | | Plan Name | | Number of Years Credited Service (1) | | Present Value (2) of Accumulated Benefits | |
| Name | |
| Name | |
| Andrew S. Howell | Andrew S. Howell | | Pentegra DB | | 31.50 | | | $ | 3,143,000 | | |
| Andrew S. Howell | |
| Andrew S. Howell | |
| | |
| | |
| | | | DB/BEP | | 31.50 | | | 14,583,000 | | |
| | Stephen J. Sponaugle | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | Pentegra DB | | 28.33 | | | 3,069,000 | | |
| | | | DB/BEP | | 28.33 | | | 3,576,000 | | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | |
| | R. Kyle Lawler | | Pentegra DB | | 20.50 | | | 2,540,000 | | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | |
| | |
| | |
| | | | DB/BEP | | 20.50 | | | 3,165,000 | | |
| | Roger B. Batsel | Roger B. Batsel | | Pentegra DB | | 6.92 | | | 265,000 | | |
| | | | DB/BEP | | 6.92 | | | 141,000 | | |
| Roger B. Batsel | |
| | Roger B. Batsel | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | Bridget C. Hoffman | Bridget C. Hoffman | | Pentegra DB | | 2.58 | | | 91,000 | | |
| | DB/BEP | | 2.58 | | | 55,000 | | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | |
| | Bridget C. Hoffman | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | Tami L. Hendrickson | |
| | Tami L. Hendrickson | |
| | Tami L. Hendrickson | |
| | DB/BEP | |
| | DB/BEP | |
| | DB/BEP | |
(1)For pension plan purposes, the calculation of credited service begins upon completion of a required waiting period following the date of employment. Accordingly, the years shown are less than the executive's actual years of employment. Because IRS regulations generally prohibit the crediting of additional years of service under the qualified plan, such additional service also is precluded under the DB/BEP, which only restores those benefits lost under the qualified plan.
(2) See Note 13 of the Notes to Financial Statements for details regarding valuation assumptions.
Qualified Defined Contribution (DC) Plan. Our Defined Contribution Plan (DC)DC plan is a tax-qualified defined contribution plan to which we make tenure-based matching contributions.contributions for all employees, and non-elective retirement contributions for employees hired after January 1, 2024. Matching contributions begin immediately and subsequently increase based on length of employment to a maximum of six percent of eligible compensation. Additionally, employees hired after January 1, 2024 receive a non-elective retirement contribution equal to six percent of eligible compensation. Eligible compensation in the DC plan is defined as base salary and annual bonus (current incentive award)compensation, and excludes any deferred incentive awards.
Under the DC plan, a participant may elect to contribute up to 75 percent of eligible compensation on either a before-tax or after-tax basis. The plan permits participants to self-direct investment elections into one or more investment funds. All returns are at the market rate of the related fund. Investment fund elections may be changed daily by the participants. A participant may withdraw vested account balances while employed, subject to certain plan limitations, which include those under IRS
regulations. Participants also are permitted to revise their contribution/deferral election once each pay period. However, the revised election is only applicable to future earnings and may also be limited by IRS regulations.
SERP.Effective in 2023, executive officers and other highly compensated employees whose pay exceeds the IRS limit on pension eligible earnings may be approved by the Board to participate in the SERP. For executives approved for participation, the SERP restores match contributions on pay in excess of the IRS limits if the executive has contributed a minimum of three percent of eligible pay to the qualified defined contribution plan. For executives hired after January 1, 2024 and approved for participation, the SERP also restores non-elective retirement contributions on pay in excess of the IRS limits and includes an additional six percent contribution on all eligible pay.
For executives eligible to receive a transitional service credit due to the Defined Benefit Pension Plan revised benefit formula, the portion of the transitional credit attributed to the earnings in excess of the IRS limit on pension eligible earnings, will receive a contribution to the SERP.
Contributions will typically be allocated to accounts annually. The plan permits participants to self-direct investment elections into one or more investments funds, which will begin to take place in 2024. All returns are the market rate of the related fund. Plan benefits are paid out of an investment account established for each participant under a grantor trust. Because the SERP is a non-qualified plan, the benefits under this plan do not receive the same tax treatment and funding protection associated with the qualified plan.
2023 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name | | Registrant Contributions in Last Fiscal Year (1) | | Aggregate Earnings in Last Fiscal Year (2) | | Aggregate Balance at Last Fiscal Year-End |
| Andrew S. Howell | | $ | 277,552 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 277,552 | |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | | 74,410 | | | — | | | 74,410 | |
| Roger B. Batsel | | 13,382 | | | — | | | 13,382 | |
| Bridget C. Hoffman | | 11,925 | | | — | | | 11,925 | |
| Tami L. Hendrickson | | 8,073 | | | — | | | 8,073 | |
(1)These amounts are included as a component of "All Other Compensation" in the Summary Compensation Table.
(2)There were no aggregate earnings in 2023, as contributions to the SERP have not yet been invested.
Fringe Benefits and Perquisites
Executive officers are eligible to participate in the traditional fringe benefit plans made available to all other employees, including participation in the retirement plans, medical, dental and vision insurance program and group term life and standard long term disability (LTD) insurance plans, as well as short-term disability coverage and paid time off. Executives participate in our subsidized medical, dental and vision insurance and group term life and standard LTD insurance programs on the same basis and terms as all of our employees. However, executives are required to pay higher premiums for medical coverage. Executive officers also receive on-site parking at our expense.
During 2021,2023, the CEO was also provided with an FHLB-owned vehicle for his business and personal use, along with the operating expenses associated with the vehicle. An executive officer's personal use of an FHLB-owned vehicle, including use for the daily commute to and from work, is reported as a taxable fringe benefit. In addition to the standard LTD insurance plan provided to all employees, Named Executive Officers may elect to receive additional LTD coverage. The premiums the FHLB pays for the additional LTD coverage are considered a taxable fringe benefit. Additionally, with prior approval, our current Travel Policy permits a guest to accompany an executive officer on authorized business trips. Executive officers are reimbursed for transportation and other related expenses associated with their guest's travel. Such reimbursements are reported as a taxable fringe benefit.
The perquisites provided to an executive officer represent a small fraction of annual compensation. During 2021,2023, perquisites totaled $19,593$19,142 for Mr. Howell, as shown in the Summary Compensation Table. Perquisites did not individually or collectively exceed $10,000 for any other Named Executive Officers and are therefore excluded from the Summary Compensation Table.
Employment Arrangements and Severance Benefits
Pursuant to the FHLBank Act, all employees of the FHLB are “at will” employees. Accordingly, an employee may resign employment at any time and an employee's employment may be terminated at any time for any reason, with or without cause and with or without notice.
We have no employment agreements with any Named Executive Officer. Other than normal pension benefits and eligibility to participate in our retiree medical and life insurance programs (if hired prior to August 1, 1990), no perquisites, tax gross-ups or other special benefits are provided to our executive officers in the event of a resignation, retirement or other termination of employment. However, Named Executive Officers may receive certain benefits under our severance policy and Change in Control Plan, described below.
Severance Policy. We have a severance policy under which all employees may receive benefits in the event of termination of employment resulting from job elimination, substantial job modification, job relocation, or a planned reduction in staff. Under this policy, an executive officer is entitled to one month's pay for each year of continuous employment, rounded to the next whole year for partial years, with a minimum of one month and a maximum of six months' severance pay, as well as payment for all unused, accrued vacation benefits.paid time off. At our discretion, executive officers and employees receiving benefits under this policy may also receive outplacement assistance as well as continuation of health insurance coverage on a limited basis.
Executive Change in Control Plan (Change in Control Plan). We have a Change in Control Plan that provides certain payments and benefits in the event of a qualifying termination within 24 months following a change in control. The purpose of the Change in Control Plan is to facilitate the hiring and retention of senior executives by providing them with certain protection and benefits in the event of a qualifying termination following a defined change in control. Change in control benefit payments are in lieu of, not in addition to, the severance benefit payments described above. The Change in Control Plan applies to officers as designated by the Board. Current designees are the CEO, all Executive Vice Presidents, and all Senior Vice Presidents.
Under the Change in Control Plan, a “qualifying termination” is defined as any separation, termination or other discontinuation of the employment relationship between the FHLB and a participant, (a) by the FHLB, other than for “cause” (as defined in the Change in Control Plan), death or disability; or (b) by the participant, for “good reason” (as defined in the Change in Control Plan).
“Change in Control” is defined under the Change in Control Plan as:
▪the merger, reorganization, or consolidation of the FHLB with or into, or acquisition of the FHLB by, another Federal Home Loan Bank or other entity;
▪the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the business or assets of the FHLB to another Federal Home Loan Bank or other entity;
▪a change in the composition of the board that causes the combined number of Member directors from the jurisdictions of Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee to cease to constitute a majority of the Bank’s directors; or
▪liquidation or dissolution.
“Cause” is defined in the Change in Control Plan to include:
▪the participant’s failure to perform substantially his/her duties;
▪the participant’s engagement in illegal conduct or willful misconduct injurious to the FHLB;
▪the participant’s material violation of law or regulation or of the FHLB’s written policies or guidelines;
▪a written request from the Finance Agency requesting that the FHLB terminate the participant’s employment;
▪crimes involving a felony, fraud or other dishonest acts;
▪certain other notices from or actions by the Finance Agency;
▪the participant’s breach of fiduciary duty or breach of certain covenants in the Change in Control Plan; or
▪the participant’s refusal to comply with a lawful directive from the CEO or the Board of Directors.
“Good Reason” is defined in the Change in Control Plan to include:
▪a material diminution in the participant’s base salary or in his/her duties or authority;
▪the FHLB requiring the participant to be based at any office or location more than 100 miles from Cincinnati, Ohio; or
▪a material breach of the Change in Control Plan by the FHLB.
In the event of a qualifying termination, the participant will receive a severance payment equal to a compensation multiplier times the sum of the participant's base salary plus target annual incentive amount for the year in which the Change in Control occurs. The CEO (Tier 1) is subject to a compensation multiplier of 2.50, Executive Vice Presidents (Tier 2) are subject to a compensation multiplier of 1.75 and Senior Vice Presidents (Tier 3) are subject to a compensation multiplier of 1.50. Participants will also receive a lump sum cash payment equal to accrued vacation benefitsand unused paid time off and the amount that would have been payable pursuant to the participant’s annual incentive compensation award for the year in which the date of a qualifying termination occurs based on actual performance, prorated based on the number of days the participant was employed that year. In addition, participants will receive a cash payment for outplacement assistance of $7,500 for Tier 1, $4,500 for Tier 2 and $2,500 for Tier 3, as well as the continuation of health care coverage for 24 months for Tier 1, 18 months for Tier 2 and 12 months for Tier 3.
The following table presents the total amounts that would be payable to our Named Executive Officers if their employment had terminated as of December 31, 2021.2023.
Total Potential Payment Upon Termination (1)
| | Separation Event | Separation Event | | Andrew S.
Howell | | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | R. Kyle
Lawler | | Roger B.
Batsel | | Bridget C. Hoffman | Separation Event | | Andrew S.
Howell | | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | Roger B.
Batsel | | Bridget C. Hoffman | | Tami L. Hendrickson |
| Involuntary termination for Cause | Involuntary termination for Cause | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Voluntary resignation not due to a Change in Control or resignation without Good Reason due to a Change in Control (2) | Voluntary resignation not due to a Change in Control or resignation without Good Reason due to a Change in Control (2) | | 131,538 | | | 36,251 | | | 55,250 | | | 8,414 | | | 20,467 | |
Involuntary termination without Cause not due to a Change in Control (3) | Involuntary termination without Cause not due to a Change in Control (3) | | 581,538 | | | 249,251 | | | 276,250 | | | 194,914 | | | 142,801 | |
Involuntary termination without Cause due to a Change in Control or resignation for Good Reason due to a Change in Control (4) | Involuntary termination without Cause due to a Change in Control or resignation for Good Reason due to a Change in Control (4) | | 4,773,283 | | | 1,505,459 | | | 1,578,858 | | | 1,306,251 | | | 1,072,039 | |
(1)Due to the number of factors that affect the nature and amounts of compensation and benefits provided upon the potential termination events, the actual amounts paid may be different than the estimates presented.
(2)Named Executive Officers would only receive payment for unused, accrued vacation.paid time off.
(3)Named Executive Officers would receive payment for one month's pay for each year of continuous employment, rounded to the next whole year for partial years, subject to a six months' pay maximum, plus unused, accrued vacation.paid time off.
(4)Named Executive Officers would receive payment as follows:
| | Component | Component | | Andrew S. Howell | | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | R. Kyle
Lawler | | Roger B.
Batsel | | Bridget C. Hoffman | Component | | Andrew S. Howell | | Stephen J. Sponaugle | | Roger B.
Batsel | | Bridget C. Hoffman | | Tami L. Hendrickson |
| Salary | Salary | | $ | 2,250,000 | | | $ | 745,500 | | | $ | 773,500 | | | $ | 652,750 | | | $ | 550,500 | |
| Incentive compensation | Incentive compensation | | 1,687,500 | | | 447,300 | | | 464,100 | | | 391,650 | | | 289,013 | |
Other (a) | Other (a) | | 835,783 | | | 312,659 | | | 341,258 | | | 261,851 | | | 232,526 | |
| Total | Total | | $ | 4,773,283 | | | $ | 1,505,459 | | | $ | 1,578,858 | | | $ | 1,306,251 | | | $ | 1,072,039 | |
(a) Includes accrued annual incentive compensation from the current year, accrued vacation benefits,and unused paid time off, outplacement assistance and health care coverage.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The Committee has furnished the following report for inclusion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
The Committee has reviewed and discussed the 20212023 Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth above with the FHLB's management. Based on such review and discussions, the Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| | |
| Robert T. Lameier (Chair) |
J. Lynn Anderson (Chair) |
| Lewis Diaz |
James A. EnglandDanny J. Herron |
Robert T. Lameier |
Donald J. MullineauxKathleen A. Rogers |
| Nancy E. Uridil |
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
As required by Finance Agency regulations and the FHLBank Act, we have established a formal policy governing the compensation and travel reimbursement provided to our directors. The goal of the policy is to compensate Board members for work performed. Under our policy, compensation is comprised of per meeting fees, subject to an annual cap,a maximum base fee, paid in 1/6th increments, and reimbursement for reasonable travel-related expenses. The fees are intended to compensate directors for time spent reviewing materials sent to them, preparing for meetings, participating in other activities and attending the meetings of the Board of Directors and its committees.
The annual maximum base fee did not changeincreased from 20212023 to 2022.2024. The following table sets forth the maximum base fees, which are subject to certain attendance requirements, for 20212023 and 2022:2024:
| | | 2021 | | | 2022 |
| | Maximum Base Fees | | | Maximum Base Fees |
| | | 2023 | |
| | | 2023 | |
| | | 2023 | | | | | 2024 |
| | | Maximum Base Fees | | | | | Maximum Base Fees |
| Chair | Chair | | $ | 145,000 | | | | $ | 145,000 | |
| Vice Chair | Vice Chair | | 125,500 | | | | 125,500 | |
| Other members | | 110,000 | | | | 110,000 | |
| Audit Committee Chair | |
| Human Resources, Compensation and Inclusion Committee Chair | |
| Risk Committee Chair | |
| Other Committee Chairs | |
| Other Directors | |
In addition to the base fees, annual fees are paid tounder the 2023 and 2024 policies, Audit Committee members other than the Audit Committee Chair, and Other Committee ChairsChair or Vice Chair of $15,500 and $12,500, respectively. These fees are subject to certain attendance requirements.the Board receive an annual fee of $5,000.
During 2021,2023, total directors' fees and travel expenses incurred were $1,998,500$2,114,866 and $104,954,$199,832, respectively.
With prior approval, our Travel Policy permits a guest to accompany a director on authorized business trips. We reimburse the transportation and other related expenses associated with the guest's travel, subject to certain limitations, which are reported as a taxable fringe benefit. Given our shift to substantially all virtual meetings due to the COVID-19 pandemic,During 2023, there was only one directorwere 11 directors that received reimbursement for guest travel expenses in 2021.expenses. These expenses did not exceed $10,000 for any director and, therefore, are excluded from the Directors Compensation Table below.
The following table sets forth the fees earned by each director for the year ended December 31, 2021.2023.
20212023 Directors Compensation Table
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Name | | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash | | |
| J. Lynn Anderson, Chair | | $ | 145,000155,000 | | | |
Grady P. AppletonJ. Wade Berry | | 110,000118,690 | | | |
April Miller Boise | | 110,000 | | | |
| Brady T. Burt | | 125,500133,030 | | | |
| Greg W. Caudill | | 110,000118,690 | | | |
| Kristin H. Darby | | 110,000130,210 | | | |
James A. England, Vice ChairLewis Diaz | | 125,500118,690 | | | |
| Roy Molitor Ford, Jr. | | 123,690 | | | |
| Danny J. Herron | | 118,690 | | | |
| Robert T. Lameier | | 110,000118,690 | | | |
| Donald J. Mullineaux | | 122,500135,210 | | | |
| Michael P. Pell | | 110,000118,690 | | | |
Kathleen A. Rogers (1) | | 110,00079,128 | | | |
Charles J. RumaLeslie Scott Spivey | | 122,500123,690 | | | |
David E. Sartore | | 122,500 | | | |
William S. Stuard, Jr. | | 122,500 | | | |
| Nancy E. Uridil | | 122,500135,210 | | | |
| James J. Vance, Vice Chair | | 110,000133,658 | | | |
| Jonathan D. Welty | | 110,000130,210 | | | |
| H. McCall Wilson, Jr. | | 123,690 | | | |
| Total | | $ | 1,998,5002,114,866 | | | |
(1) Ms. Rogers served as a member director during 2023 until her June 30th retirement, and was subsequently reappointed effective November 16, 2023.
The following table summarizes the total number of board meetings and meetings of its designated committees held in 20202022 and 2021.2023.
| | | | | Number of Meetings Held | | | Number of Meetings Held |
| Meeting Type | Meeting Type | | 2020 | | 2021 | Meeting Type | | 2022 | | 2023 |
| Board Meeting | Board Meeting | | 9 | | 8 | Board Meeting | | 9 | | 8 |
| Audit Committee | Audit Committee | | 11 | | 11 | Audit Committee | | 11 |
| Risk Committee | Risk Committee | | 6 | | 6 | Risk Committee | | 6 |
| Business and Operations Committee | Business and Operations Committee | | 5 | | 5 | Business and Operations Committee | | 5 |
| Governance | Governance | | 6 | | 7 | Governance | | 6 | | 7 |
| Housing and Community Development Committee | Housing and Community Development Committee | | 4 | | 4 | Housing and Community Development Committee | | 4 | | 5 |
| Human Resources, Compensation and Inclusion Committee | Human Resources, Compensation and Inclusion Committee | | 6 | | 6 | Human Resources, Compensation and Inclusion Committee | | 7 | | 6 |
|
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
The Committee is charged with responsibility for the FHLB's compensation policies and programs. None of the 20212023 or 20222024 Committee members are or previously were officers or employees of the FHLB. Additionally, none of the FHLB's executive officers served or serve on the board of directors or the compensation committee of any entity whose executive officers served on the Committee or Board of Directors. This Committee was and is composed of the following members:
| | | | | | | | |
| 2021 | | 2022 |
| Donald J. Mullineaux (Chair) | | J. Lynn Anderson (Chair) |
| Grady P. Appleton | | Lewis Diaz |
| James A. England | | James A. England |
| Robert T. Lameier | | Robert T. Lameier |
| Nancy E. Uridil | | Donald J. Mullineaux |
| | Nancy E. Uridil |
| | |
| | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2024 |
| J. Lynn Anderson (Chair) | | Robert T. Lameier (Chair) |
| Lewis Diaz | | J. Lynn Anderson |
| Danny J. Herron | | Lewis Diaz |
| Robert T. Lameier | | Danny J. Herron |
| Donald J. Mullineaux | | Kathleen A. Rogers |
| Nancy E. Uridil | | Nancy E. Uridil |
| | |
PAY RATIO
As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, information about the 20212023 total compensation for our median employee and the President and CEO, Mr. Howell, is as follows:
▪the median of the annual total compensation of all of our employees (other than the CEO) was $117,953;$145,654; and
▪the annual total compensation of the CEO, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table, was $2,728,764$3,552,592.
Based on this information, for 2021,2023, the ratio of the annual total compensation of the CEO to the median of the annual total compensation of all employees was 2324 to 1.
The median employee was identified in 2020.2022. To identify the median employee, we compared the compensation of all full-time and part-time employees who were employed as of December 15, 2020.2022. We annualized the compensation of employees who were hired in 20202022 but did not work for us the entire fiscal year. This compensation measure, which was consistently applied to all employees, included base salary, overtime pay and incentive compensation that was all payable in cash.
We have updated theThe median employee's compensation for 2021, which2023 includes base salary, excess accrued vacation benefits, incentive compensation, matching contributions to the qualified defined contribution pension plan, and the value of such employee’s pension benefits.benefits (if applicable). The value of the median employee's pension benefits represents only the change in the actuarial present value of accumulated pension benefits, which is primarily dependent on changes in interest rates, years of benefit service and salary. With respect to the annual total compensation of the CEO, we used the amount reported in the “Total” column of our 20212023 Summary Compensation Table.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
We have one class of capital stock, Class B Stock, all of which is owned by our current and former member institutions. Individuals, including directors and officers of the FHLB, are not permitted to own our capital stock. Therefore, we have no equity compensation plans.
The following table lists institutions holding five percent or more of outstanding capital stock at February 28, 202229, 2024 and includes any known affiliates that are members of the FHLB:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in thousands) | | | | |
| | | Capital | Percent of Total | Number |
| Name | Address | Stock | Capital Stock | of Shares |
| The Huntington National Bank | 41 South High Street
Columbus, OH 43215 | $ | 838,018 | | 23 | % | 8,380,180 | |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | 425 Walnut Street Cincinnati, OH 45202 | 438,336 | | 12 | | 4,383,360 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in thousands) | | | | |
| | | Capital | Percent of Total | Number |
| Name | Address | Stock | Capital Stock | of Shares |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | 1111 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240 | $ | 673,165 | | 14 | % | 6,731,648 | |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | 425 Walnut Street Cincinnati, OH 45202 | 609,090 | | 13 | | 6,090,902 | |
| Keybank, N.A. | 127 Public Square Cleveland, OH 44114 | 507,452 | | 11 | | 5,074,518 | |
| Fifth Third Bank | 38 Fountain Square Plaza Cincinnati, OH 45202 | 300,927 | | 6 | | 3,009,266 | |
| Third Federal Savings and Loan Association | 7007 Broadway Avenue Cleveland, OH 44105 | 242,670 | | 5 | | 2,426,697 | |
The following table lists capital stock outstanding as of February 28, 202229, 2024 held by member institutions that have an officer or director who serves as a director of the FHLB:
| | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | Capital | Percent of Total | | | Capital | Percent of Total |
| Name | Name | Address | Stock | Capital Stock | Name | Address | Stock | Capital Stock |
| U.S. Bank, N.A. | 425 Walnut Street
Cincinnati, OH 45202 | $ | 438,336 | | 12.2 | % |
| Fifth Third Bank | | Fifth Third Bank | 38 Fountain Square Plaza Cincinnati, OH 45202 | $ | 300,927 | | 6.4 | % |
Western & Southern Financial Group (1) | Western & Southern Financial Group (1) | 400 Broadway Street
Cincinnati, OH 45202 | 183,231 | | 5.1 | |
| The Park National Bank | The Park National Bank | 50 North Third Street
Newark, OH 43058 | 13,413 | | 0.4 | |
| F&M Bank | 50 Franklin Street
Clarksville, TN 37040 | 4,998 | | 0.1 | |
| Farmers Bank & Trust Company | 201 South Main Street
Marion, KY 42064 | 2,389 | | 0.1 | |
| Farmers National Bank | 304 West Main Street
Danville, KY 40422 | 2,274 | | 0.1 | |
| The Bank of Fayette County | |
| First State Bank | First State Bank | 19230 State Route 136
Winchester, OH 45697 | 1,617 | | 0.0 | |
| Miami Savings Bank | Miami Savings Bank | 8008 Ferry Street
Miamitown, OH 45041 | 1,098 | | 0.0 | |
| Decatur County Bank | 56 North Pleasant Street
Decaturville, TN 38329 | 646 | | 0.0 | |
| Farmers Bank & Trust Company | |
| Commercial Bank & Trust Company | |
| Farmers National Bank | |
| Ohio Capital Finance Corporation | Ohio Capital Finance Corporation | 88 East Broad Street, Suite 1800
Columbus, OH 43215 | 155 | | 0.0 | |
|
(1) Includes five subsidiaries (Western-Southern Life Assurance Co., Integrity Life Insurance Company, Lafayette Life Insurance Company, Columbus Life Insurance Company and National Integrity Life Insurance Company), which are FHLB members.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Because we are a cooperative, capital stock ownership is a prerequisite to transacting any business with us. Transactions with our stockholders are part of the ordinary course of - and are essential to the purpose of - our business.
Our capital stock is not permitted to be publicly traded and is not listed on any stock exchange. Therefore, we are not governed by stock exchange rules relating to director independence. If we were so governed, arguably none of our industry directors, who are elected by our members, would be deemed independent because all are directors and/or officers of members that do business with us. Messrs. Diaz, Herron, MullineauxSpivey and SpiveyStivers and Mses. Anderson, Darby and Uridil, our seven non-industry
directors, have no material transactions, relationships or arrangements with the FHLB other than in their capacity as directors. Therefore, our Board of Directors has determined that each of them is independent under the independence standards of the New York Stock Exchange.
The Finance Agency director independence standards specify independence criteria for members of our Audit Committee. Under these criteria, all of our directors serving on the Audit Committee are independent.
TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS
See Note 18 of the Notes to Financial Statements for information on transactions with stockholders, including information on transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions and concentrations of business, and transactions with nonmember affiliates, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
See also “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Review and Approval of Related Persons Transactions. Ordinary course transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions and with members holding five percent or more of our capital stock are reviewed and approved by our management in the normal course of events so as to assure compliance with Finance Agency regulations.
As required by Finance Agency regulations, we have a written conflict of interest policy. This policy requires directors (1) to disclose to the Board of Directors any known personal financial interests that they, their immediate family members or their business associates have in any matter to be considered by the Board and in any other matter in which another person or entity does or proposes to do business with the FHLB and (2) to recuse themselves from considering or voting on any such matter. The scope of the Finance Agency's conflict of interest regulation (available at www.fhfa.gov) and our conflict of interest policy (posted on our website at www.fhlbcin.com) is similar, although not identical, to the scope of the SEC's requirements governing transactions with related persons. In 2007, our Board of Directors adopted a written related person transaction policy that is intended to close any gaps between Finance Agency and SEC requirements. The policy includes procedures for identifying, approving and reporting related person transactions as defined by the SEC. One of the tools that we used to monitor non-ordinary course transactions and other relationships with our directors and executive officers is an annual questionnaire that uses the New York Stock Exchange criteria for independence. Finally, our Insider Trading Policypolicy covering insider trading provides that any request for redemption of excess stock (except for de minimis amounts)unrelated to Mission Assets and Activities volatility held by a Director's Financial Institution must be approved by the Board of Directors or by the Executive Committee of the Board.
We believe these policies are effective in bringing to the attention of management and the Board any non-ordinary course transactions that require Board review and approval and that all such transactions since January 1, 20212023 have been so reviewed and approved.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed to the FHLB for the years ended December 31, 20212023 and 20202022 by its independent registered public accounting firm, PwC:
| | | | For the Years Ended | | For the Years Ended |
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | December 31, | (In thousands) | December 31, |
| | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Audit fees | Audit fees | $ | 774 | | | $ | 745 | |
| Audit-related fees | Audit-related fees | 91 | | | 98 | |
| Tax fees | Tax fees | — | | | — | |
| All other fees | All other fees | 1 | | | 2 | |
| Total fees | Total fees | $ | 866 | | | $ | 845 | |
Audit fees were for professional services rendered for the audits of the FHLB's financial statements.
Audit-related fees were for assurance and services related to the performance of the audit and review of the FHLB's financial statements and primarily consisted of accounting consultations and fees related to participation in and presentations at conferences.
The FHLB is exempt from all federal, state and local income taxation. Therefore, no fees were paid for tax services during the years presented.
In 2021, allAll other fees were for the annual license of a disclosure compliance checklist. In 2020, all other fees were for the annual license of accounting research software and a disclosure compliance checklist.
The Audit Committee approves the annual engagement letter for the FHLB's audit. In evaluating the performance of the independent registered public accounting firm, the Audit Committee considers a number of factors, such as:
▪PwC's independence and process for maintaining independence;
▪PwC's historical and recent performance on the FHLB's audit, including the results of an internal survey of PwC service and quality with the FHLB and the FHLBank System;
▪external data related to audit quality and performance, including recent Public Company Accounting Oversight Board audit quality inspection reports on PwC; and
▪the appropriateness of PwC's audit fees.
The Audit Committee also establishes a fixed dollar limit for other recurring annual accounting related consultations, which include the FHLB's share of FHLBank System-related accounting issues. The status of these services is periodically reviewed by the Audit Committee throughout the year with any increase in these services requiring pre-approval. All other services provided by the independent accounting firm are specifically approved by the Audit Committee in advance of commitment.
The FHLB paid additional fees to PwC in the form of assessments paid to the Office of Finance. The FHLB is assessed its proportionate share of the costs of operating the Office of Finance, which includes the expenses associated with the annual audits of the combined financial statements of the FHLBanks. These assessments, which totaled $47,000$59,000 and $49,000$61,000 in 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, are not included in the table above.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)Financial Statements. The following financial statements of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, set forth in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data above, are filed as a part of this registration statement.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Statements of Condition as of December 31, 20212023 and 20202022
Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021
Statements of Capital for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021
Notes to Financial Statements
(b)Exhibits.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exhibit Number (1) | | Description of exhibit | | Document filed or
furnished, as indicated below |
| | | | | |
| 3.1 | | | | Form 10, filed
December 5, 2005 |
| | | | |
| 3.2 | | | | Form 10-K,8-K, filed March 21, 2019January 23, 2024 |
| | | | |
| 4.1 | | | | Form 8-K,10-Q, filed December 27, 2021May 5, 2022 |
| | | | |
| 4.2 | | | | Filed HerewithForm 10-K, filed March 17, 2022 |
| | | | |
| 10.1 | | | | Form 10, filed
December 5, 2005 |
| | | | |
| 10.2 | | | | Form 10, filed
December 5, 2005 |
| | | | |
| 10.3 | | | | Form 10, filed
December 5, 2005 |
| | | | |
| 10.4 | | | | Form 10-K, filed March 16, 2017 |
| | | | |
| 10.5 | | | | Form 8-K, filed August 5, 2011 |
| | | | |
10.6 (2) | | | | Form 10-K, filed March 19, 2020 |
| | | | |
10.7 (2)
| | | | Form 10-K, filed March 18, 2021 |
| | | | |
10.8 (2)
| | | | Filed HerewithForm 10-K, filed March 17, 2022 |
| | | | |
10.910.7 (2)
| | | | Form 10-K, filed March 16, 2023 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
10.8 (2) | | | | Form 10-K, filed
March 18, 2010 |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
10.1010.9 (2)
| | | | Form 10-K, filed
March 18, 2010 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10.11 | | | |
| 10.10 | | | | Form 8-K, filed
July 30, 2009 |
| | | | |
10.1210.11 | | | | Form 10-K, filed March 16, 2017 |
| | | | |
10.1310.12 | | | | Form 10-K, filed March 21, 2019 |
| | | | |
10.1410.13 | | | | Form 10-Q, filed November 9, 2017 |
| | | | |
| 10.14 | | | | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| 24 | | | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 31.1 | | | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 31.2 | | | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 32 | | | | Furnished Herewith |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| 99.1 | | | | Furnished Herewith |
| | | | |
| 99.2 | | | | Furnished Herewith |
| | | | |
| 101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document | | The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document |
| | | | |
| 101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 101.DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | | Filed Herewith |
| | | | |
| 104 | | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | | Filed Herewith |
(1)Numbers coincide with Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
(2)Indicates management compensation plan or arrangement.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of the 17th21st day of March 2022.2024.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CINCINNATI
(Registrant)
| | | | | |
| By: | /s/ Andrew S. Howell |
| Andrew S. Howell |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned directors of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, hereby appoint Andrew S. Howell and Stephen J. Sponaugle, or either of them, our true and lawful attorneys and agents to do any and all acts and things in our names and on our behalves, in our capacities indicated below, which said attorneys and agents, or either of them, may deem necessary or advisable to enable said registrant to comply with the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, and any rules, regulations and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, in connection with the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2023, including, without limitation, power and authority to sign for us, or any of us, in our names in the capacities indicated below, the Report and any and all amendments to the Report, and we hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys and agents, or each of them, shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated as of the 17th21st day of March 2022.2024.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Signatures | | Title |
| | | |
| /s/ Andrew S. Howell | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| Andrew S. Howell | | (principal executive officer) |
| | | |
| /s/ Stephen J. Sponaugle | | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer |
| Stephen J. Sponaugle | | (principal financial officer) |
| | | |
| /s/ J. Christopher Bates | | Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer |
| J. Christopher Bates | | (principal accounting officer) |
| | | |
| /s/ J. Lynn Anderson | | Director (Chair) |
| J. Lynn Anderson, Chair | | |
| | | |
| /s/ J. Wade Berry | | Director |
| J. Wade Berry | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Brady T. Burt | | Director |
| Brady T. Burt | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Greg W. Caudill | | Director |
| Greg W. Caudill | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Kristin H. Darby | | Director |
| Kristin H. Darby | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Lewis Diaz | | Director |
| Lewis Diaz | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| /s/ James A. EnglandRoy Molitor Ford, Jr. | | Director |
| James A. EnglandRoy Molitor Ford, Jr. | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Danny J. Herron | | Director |
| Danny J. Herron | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Robert T. Lameier | | Director |
| Robert T. Lameier | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Donald J. Mullineaux | | Director |
| Donald J. Mullineaux | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Michael P. Pell | | Director |
| Michael P. Pell | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Kathleen A. Rogers | | Director |
| Kathleen A. Rogers | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Leslie Scott Spivey | | Director |
| Leslie Scott Spivey | | |
| | | |
| /s/ William S. Stuard, Jr.Steven E. Stivers | | Director |
| William S. Stuard, Jr.Steven E. Stivers | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Nancy E. Uridil | | Director |
| Nancy E. Uridil | | |
| | | |
| /s/ James J. Vance | | Director (Vice Chair) |
| James J. Vance, Vice Chair | | |
| | | |
| /s/ Jonathan D. Welty | | Director |
| Jonathan D. Welty | | |
| | | |
| /s/ H. McCall Wilson, Jr. | | Director |
| H. McCall Wilson, Jr. | | |