CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “Safe Harbor” provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements include, without limitation, the information contained under the heading “Outlook for Fiscal Year 20222023” in Item 7 of this report, and any statements containing forward-looking terminology including “may,” ”should,” “likely,” “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “intend,” “projects,” or other similar words. These statements are not a guarantee of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Many risks are beyond our control and difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecast in forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Unless legally required, the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional information may be contained in the Company’s future reports periodically filed with the SEC.

The “Company”, “we,” “us,” and “our,” refer to CKX Lands, Inc.

PART I

Business Description

CKX Lands, Inc., a Louisiana corporation, began operations in 1930 under the name Calcasieu Real Estate & Oil Co., Inc. It was originally organized as a spin-off by a bank operating in southwest Louisiana. The purpose of the spin-off was to form an entity to hold non-producing mineral interests which regulatory authorities required the bank to charge off. Over the years, as some of the mineral interests began producing, the Company used part of the proceeds to acquire land. In 1990, the Company made its largest acquisition when it was one of four purchasers who bought a fifty percent undivided interest in approximately 35,575 acres in southwest Louisiana.

Today the Company’s income is derived from mineral royalties, timber sales and surface payments from its lands. CKX receives income from royalty interests and mineral leases related to oil and gas production, timber sales, land sales and surface rents. Although CKX is active in the management of its land and planting and harvesting its timber, CKX is passive in the production of income from oil and gas production in that CKX does not explore for oil and gas or operate wells. These oil and gas activities are performed by unrelated third parties.

CKX leases its property to oil and gas operators and collects income through its land ownership in the form of oil and gas royalties and lease rentals and geophysical revenues. The Company’s oil and gas income fluctuates as new oil and gas production is discovered on Company land and then ultimately depletes or becomes commercially uneconomical to produce. The volatility in the daily commodity pricing of a barrel of oil or a thousand cubic feet, or “MCF,” of gas will also cause fluctuations in the Company’s oil and gas income. These commodity prices are affected by numerous factors and uncertainties external to CKX’s business and over which it has no control, including the global supply and demand for oil and gas, and domestic and global economic conditions, among other factors.

CKX has small royalty interests in 20 different producing oil and gas fields. The size of each royalty interest is determined by the Company’s net ownership in the acreage unit for the well. CKX’s royalty interests range from 0.0045% for the smallest to 7.62% for the largest. As the Company does not own or operate the wells, it does not have access to any reserve information. Eventually, the oil and gas reserves under the Company’s current land holdings will be depleted.

Timber income is derived from sales of timber on Company lands. The timber income will fluctuate depending on our ability to secure stumpage agreements in the regional markets, timber stand age, and/or stumpage commodity prices. Timber is a renewable resource that the Company actively manages.

Surface income is earned from various recurring and non-recurring sources. Recurring surface income is earned from lease arrangements for farming, recreational and commercial uses. Non-recurring surface income can include such activities as pipeline right of ways, and temporary worksite rentals.

In managing its lands, the Company relies on and has established relationships with real estate, forestry, environmental and agriculture consultants as well as attorneys with legal expertise in general corporate matters, real estate, and minerals.

The Company actively searches for additional real estate for purchase in Louisiana with a focus on southwest Louisiana and on timberland and agricultural land. When evaluating unimproved real estate for purchase, the Company will consider numerous characteristics including but not limited to, timber fitness, agriculture fitness, future development opportunities and/or mineral potential. When evaluating improved real estate for purchase, the Company will consider characteristics including, but not limited to, geographic location, quality of existing revenue streams, and/or quality of the improvements.

The Company’s Board of Directors regularly evaluates a range of strategic alternatives that could increase shareholder value, and the Board and management conduct due diligence activities in connection with such alternatives. These include opportunities for growth though the acquisitions of land or other assets, business combinations, dispositions of assets and reinvestment of the proceeds, and other alternatives. We cannot assure you that the Board’s evaluations or the Company’s due diligence activities will result in any transaction or other course of action.

CKX does not perform or cause to be performed oil and gas producing activities inasmuch as: (1) we do not search for crude oil or natural gas in their natural states; (2) we do not acquire property for the purpose of exploration or the removing of oil and gas; and (3) we are not involved in construction, drilling and/or production activities necessary to retrieve oil and gas.

The Company does not spend any money on research and development.

Because of the nature of the Company’s revenue streams, the effect of competition on the Company and its results of operations is not material.

Employees

The Company has one employee, who istwo employees, both of whom are part-time. The Company is not subject to union contracts nor does the Company have any medical benefit, pension, profit sharing, option or deferred compensation programs. The Company has a stock incentive plan adopted in connection with the Executive Employment Agreement effective July 15, 2020, as amended, with its President, and Treasurer.the Company’s Chief Financial Officer is also a participant in the plan. The plan permits the Company to grant restricted stock units or performance shares for up to 357,000 shares of its common stock. NoThe Company granted awards have been madefor all 357,000 shares issuable under the plan to date.on June 13, 2022. Of those awards, 14,622 restricted stock units and 31,584 performance share units vested and the underlying shares were issued during the year ended December 31, 2022. No awards were granted during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Customers

The Company’s customers are those who have mineral leases on Company lands, purchase timber in competitive bids or execute surface leases for farming, hunting, right of ways or other purposes. During 2021,2022, the Company received approximately 59.08%66.16% of its total revenues from the following customers:

Loss of cash receipts from any of these customers or revenue streams would have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Environmental and Other Governmental Regulations

The Company does not need government approval of its principal products or services except that the State of Louisiana must permit the size and location of all oil and gas producing units. The operator of the oil and gas units is responsible for this permitting process.

The operators of the wells are responsible for complying with environmental and other governmental regulations. However, should an operator abandon a well located on Company land without following prescribed procedures, the landowners could possibly be held responsible. The Company does not believe this would have a material effect on its financial condition.

Significant Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the following risks, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations in future periods. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations in future periods.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a global health crisis and an unprecedented disruption of commercial activity around the world, including in Louisiana. The severity and effect of the pandemic are constantly evolving, and its future consequences ar uncertain, so we cannot predict how it may affect our future financial condition and results of operations.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, government authorities around the world implemented “stay-at-home” and other social distancing orders, travel restrictions, quarantines and other measures that required many businesses, including some of our business partners and customers, to close or limit their operations. Disruptions in commercial activity and changes in consumer spending resulting from the pandemic have significantly affected worldwide commerce and the global economy. Although we have operated continuously throughout the pandemic, and while effective COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and other measures have led to improved conditions in the U.S. and many other countries, we cannot predict how the pandemic and new variants of coronavirus could impact our operations in the future. Among other possible effects, the pandemic could materially and adversely affect us in the following ways:

The direct and indirect effects of the pandemic are extremely widespread and constantly evolving. It is possible that the pandemic could affect our business in the future in ways that we do not or cannot now anticipate.

A significant portion of our revenues is derived from oil and gas activities on our lands. We rely on third parties to conduct that activity.

We rely on third parties to conduct oil and gas exploration and production activity on our lands. If we are not successful in attracting third parties to conduct that activity or if there is any significant interruption in existing activity on our lands, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, would be adversely affected. Additionally, our ability to generate future earnings depends on third parties finding new production on our land to replace present production as it is depleted. Oil and gas prices, as well as new technology, will affect the possibility of replacing present production.

Our revenues could be negatively impacted by declines in commodity prices for oil, natural gas, and timber, among others.

We earn a significant portion of our operating income from the sale of commodities produced from our lands: oil and gas, and timber. Fluctuations in the prices for these commodities will directly impact our cash flow, net income and financial condition.

Additionally, because certain of our lands are leased to farmers, declines in the commodity prices for the crops they grow may impact their ability to make lease payments, and therefore could adversely affect our cash flow, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations and properties could be adversely affected by hurricanes or other adverse weather events, natural disasters, or other significant disruptions.

Our properties are located principally in southwest Louisiana, where major hurricanes and flooding have occurred. Depending on where any hurricane makes landfall or flooding occurs, our properties could be significantly damaged, and income-producing activities on our properties could be disrupted. In fact, approximately 33 percent of our standing timber was at least partially damaged, and oil and gas production on our lands was temporarily interrupted due to Hurricane Laura in August 2020. In addition, the occurrence and frequency of hurricanes and flooding in Louisiana could also negatively impact demand for the use of our real estate assets because of perceptions of hurricane and flooding risks. In addition to hurricanes, the occurrence of other natural disasters and climate conditions in Louisiana, such as tornadoes, fires, unusually heavy or prolonged rain, droughts, prolonged freezing temperatures and heat waves, could have an adverse effect on our ability to use our properties or realize income from our properties.

We have approximately 10,49513,699 net acres of timberland in various stages of growth or age classes. A typical pine timber stand will be harvested after 30 to 35 years of growth with some thinning occurring during this time. A hardwood stand will be harvested after 45 to 50 years of growth. A natural disaster can have a material adverse effect on timber growth, reducing its value. In addition to hurricanes, natural disasters that could affect our timber lands include tornados, high winds, heavy rains and flooding, and/or fire caused by lightning or other sources.

If any of the events described above occurs, we may experience disruptions to our operations and damage to our properties, which could have an adverse effect on our business, our financial condition, our results of operations, and our cash flows.

Our land holdings are concentrated in southwest Louisiana, and we therefore may suffer economic harm because of adverse conditions in that region.

Our land holdings are located principally in southwest Louisiana. Due to the concentration of our properties in this area, our performance is dependent on local economic conditions. This area has experienced periods of economic decline in the past and may do so in the future.

We rely on third party managers for day-to-day property management of certain of our properties.

We rely on local third-party managers for the day-to-day management of our timberland properties. The cash flows from our timberland properties may be adversely affected if the property manager fails to provide quality services. These third-party managers may fail to manage our properties effectively or efficiently or in accordance with the terms of our agreement with them. If any of these events occurs, we could incur losses or face liabilities from the loss or injury to our property or to persons at our properties. In addition, disputes may arise between us and third-party managers, and we may incur significant expenses to resolve those disputes or terminate the relevant agreement with the third parties and locate and engage competent and cost-effective alternative service providers to manage the relevant properties. Additionally, third party managers may manage and own other properties that may compete with our properties, which may result in conflicts of interest and decisions regarding the operation of our properties that are not in our best interests.

Potential environmental liabilities could result in substantial costs to us or cause our land to lose value.

Under federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, we may be required to investigate and clean up the effects of releases of hazardous substances or petroleum products on our properties because of current or past ownership or operation of oil and gas activities on our lands. If previously unidentified environmental problems arise, we may have to make substantial payments, which could adversely affect our cash flow. As an owner of properties, we may have to pay for property damage and for investigation and cleanup costs incurred in connection with a contamination. The law typically imposes cleanup responsibility and liability regardless of whether an owner knew of or caused the contamination. Changes in environmental regulations or the discovery of environmental damage on our lands may cause the value of our lands to decline, may impact the development potential of our undeveloped land or could increase operating costs due to the cost of complying with new regulations.

A significant portion of our revenues is derived from oil and gas activities on our lands. We rely on third parties to conduct that activity.

We rely on third parties to conduct oil and gas exploration and production activity on our lands. If we are not successful in attracting third parties to conduct that activity or if there is any significant interruption in existing activity on our lands, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, would be adversely affected. Additionally, our ability to generate future earnings depends on third parties finding new production on our land to replace present production as it is depleted. Oil and gas prices, as well as new technology, will affect the possibility of replacing present production.

Our revenues could be negatively impacted by declines in commodity prices for oil, natural gas, and timber, among others.

We earn a significant portion of our operating income from the sale of commodities produced from our lands: oil and gas, and timber. Fluctuations in the prices for these commodities will directly impact our cash flow, net income and financial condition.

Additionally, because certain of our lands are leased to farmers, declines in the commodity prices for the crops they grow may impact their ability to make lease payments, and therefore could adversely affect our cash flow, results of operations and financial condition.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a global health crisis and an unprecedented disruption of commercial activity around the world, including in Louisiana. The severity and effect of the pandemic are constantly evolving, and its future consequences are uncertain, so we cannot predict how it may affect our future financial condition and results of operations.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, government authorities around the world implemented “stay-at-home” and other social distancing orders, travel restrictions, quarantines and other measures that required many businesses, including some of our business partners and customers, to close or limit their operations. Disruptions in commercial activity and changes in consumer spending resulting from the pandemic significantly affected worldwide commerce and the global economy. Although we operated continuously throughout the pandemic, and while effective COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and other measures have led to improved conditions in the U.S. and many other countries, we cannot predict how the pandemic and new variants of coronavirus could impact our operations in the future. Among other possible effects, the pandemic could materially and adversely affect us in the following ways:

The direct and indirect effects of the pandemic are widespread and may evolve. It is possible that the pandemic and economic conditions resulting from the pandemic could affect our business in the future in ways that we do not or cannot now anticipate.

Our overall business is subject to risks associated with the real estate industry.

We are subject to all risks related to investment in real estate, many of which relate to the general lack of liquidity of real estate investments, including, but not limited to:

Our common stock may not have an active, liquid, and orderly trading market, and our stock price may be volatile.

Our common stock may not have an active, liquid, and orderly trading market due to the relatively low number of shares that are available for trading. Active, liquid, and orderly trading markets usually result in less price volatility and more efficiency in carrying out purchase and sale orders. The trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause price variations to occur.

The market price of our common stock could also vary significantly because of a number of other factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:

If the per share trading price of our common stock declines significantly, stockholders may be unable to resell their shares at or above the price paid for them. We cannot assure stockholders that the per share trading price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the price of their common stock. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our ability to pay dividends on, and the per share trading price of, our common stock.

We could be adversely affected if we grow our Company by acquiring additional land or other assets, including operating businesses, but fail to successfully integrate the acquired asset into our existing business.

Our Board of Directors regularly evaluates a range of strategic alternatives and the Board and management conduct due diligence activities in connection with such alternatives. These include opportunities for growth though the acquisitions of land or other assets or business combinations, dispositions of assets and reinvestment of the proceeds, and other alternatives. We cannot assure you that the Board’s evaluations or the Company’s due diligence activities will result in any transaction or other course of action. For example, we may have difficulty identifying suitable assets to acquire or consummating transactions on terms that are favorable.

We also cannot assure you that any transaction we do enter into will be successful. Significant expansion involves risks, such as:

If we are unable to integrate a new asset into our existing business and manage a larger overall company efficiently, the expansion could adversely affect our operations, financial results and prospects, and we might not realize the cost savings and synergies we expected from the expansion. Additionally, the diversion of management’s time and attention from our day-to-day operations could adversely impact our performance.

Not applicable.

The Company owns approximately 13,71113,699 net acres all located in Louisiana. The approximate gross and net acres located in each Louisiana parish are presented below.

Included in the 13,71113,699 net acres presented above, are approximately 7,392 acres owned 100% by the Company. The Louisiana parish location for these 100% owned lands is presented below:

For management purposes, the Company classifies the 13,71113,699 net acres owned by CKX as follows: 10,36910,357 net acres are timber lands, 2,253 net acres are agriculture lands, 895 net acres are marsh lands, and 194 net acres are located in metropolitan areas.

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. The Company was not involved in any legal proceedings as of December 31, 2021.2022.

Not applicable.

PART II

The Company’s common stock trades on the NYSE American under the trading symbol CKX. 

Common Stock

As of March 25, 2022,24, 2023, there were 1,942,4951,974,427 shares outstanding. There were no sales of unregistered securities of the Company and no purchases of CKX equity securities by the Company during 2021.2022 (other than shares that were withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations of stock plan participants incurred upon the vesting of stock awards).  

Holders

On March 23, 2022,24, 2023, we had 325284 stockholders of record.

Dividend Policy

The Company does not currently pay dividends on a regular basis.  In determining whether to declare a dividend, the Board of Directors takes into account the Company’s prior fiscal year’s cash flows from operations and the current economic conditions among other information deemed relevant.

Pursuant to a dividend reversion clause in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, dividends not claimed within one year after a dividend becomes payable will expire and revert in full ownership to the Company and the Company’s obligation to pay such dividend will cease. During 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company received no dividend reversions.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Report.

Overview

CKX Lands, Inc., a Louisiana corporation, began operations in 1930 under the name Calcasieu Real Estate & Oil Co., Inc. It was originally organized as a spin-off by a bank operating in southwest Louisiana. The purpose of the spin-off was to form an entity to hold non-producing mineral interests which regulatory authorities required the bank to charge off. Over the years, as some of the mineral interests began producing, the Company used part of the proceeds to acquire land. In 1990, the Company made its largest acquisition when it was one of four purchasers who bought a fifty percent undivided interest in approximately 35,575 acres in southwest Louisiana.

Today the Company’s income is derived from mineral royalties, timber sales and surface payments from its lands. CKX receives income from royalty interests and mineral leases related to oil and gas production, timber sales, land sales and surface rents. Although CKX is active in the management of its land and planting and harvesting its timber, CKX is passive in the production of income from oil and gas production in that CKX does not explore for oil and gas or operate wells. These oil and gas activities are performed by unrelated third parties.

CKX leases its property to oil and gas operators and collects income through its land ownership in the form of oil and gas royalties and lease rentals and geophysical revenues. The Company’s oil and gas income fluctuates as new oil and gas production is discovered on Company land and then ultimately depletes or becomes commercially uneconomical to produce. The volatility in the daily commodity pricing of a barrel of oil or a thousand cubic feet, or “MCF,” of gas will also cause fluctuations in the Company’s oil and gas income. These commodity prices are affected by numerous factors and uncertainties external to CKX’s business and over which it has no control, including the global supply and demand for oil and gas, and domestic and global economic conditions, among other factors.

CKX has small royalty interests in 20 different producing oil and gas fields. The size of each royalty interest is determined by the Company’s net ownership in the acreage unit for the well. CKX’s royalty interests range from 0.0045% for the smallest to 7.62% for the largest. As the Company does not own or operate the wells, it does not have access to any reserve information. Eventually, the oil and gas reserves under the Company’s current land holdings will be depleted.

Timber income is derived from sales of timber on Company lands. The timber income will fluctuate depending on our ability to secure stumpage agreements in the regional markets, timber stand age, and/or stumpage commodity prices. Timber is a renewable resource that the Company actively manages.

Surface income is earned from various recurring and non-recurring sources. Recurring surface income is earned from lease arrangements for farming, recreational and commercial uses. Non-recurring surface income can include such activities as pipeline right of ways, and temporary worksite rentals.

In managing its lands, the Company relies on and has established relationships with real estate, forestry, environmental and agriculture consultants as well as attorneys with legal expertise in general corporate matters, real estate, and minerals.

The Company actively searches for additional real estate for purchase in Louisiana with a focus on southwest Louisiana and on timberland and agricultural land. When evaluating unimproved real estate for purchase, the Company will consider numerous characteristics including but not limited to, timber fitness, agriculture fitness, future development opportunities and/or mineral potential. When evaluating improved real estate for purchase, the Company will consider characteristics including, but not limited to, geographic location, quality of existing revenue streams, and/or quality of the improvements.

The Company’s Board of Directors regularly evaluates a range of strategic alternatives that could increase shareholder value, and the Board and management conduct due diligence activities in connection with such alternatives. These include opportunities for growth though the acquisitions of land or other assets, business combinations, dispositions of assets and reinvestment of the proceeds, and other alternatives. We cannot assure you that the Board’s evaluations or the Company’s due diligence activities will result in any transaction or other course of action.

Recent Developments

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company began developing several ranchette-style subdivisions on certain of its lands in Calcasieu and Beauregard Parishes using existing road rights of way.  The Company has identified demand in those areas for ranchette-style lots, which consist of more than three acres each, and the Board of Directors and management believe this project will allow the Company to realize a return on its investment in the applicable lands after payment of expenses.  The Company has completed and recorded plats for two subdivisions and obtained approval to complete a third subdivision during the first quarter of 2021.three subdivisions.  The three subdivisions are located on approximately 415 acres in Calcasieu Parish and approximately 160 acres in Beauregard Parish and contain an aggregate of 39 lots.  As of December 31, 2021,2022, the Company has closed on the sale of 21 of the 39 lots. As of the date of this report no sales wereone sale was pending, and the Company is actively marketing the remaining lots.

The Company is working to identify additional undeveloped acres owned by the Company in Southwest Louisiana that would likewise be suitable for residential subdivisions.

Summary of Fiscal Year 20212022 Results

The Company’s results of operationsnet loss for the year ended December 31, 2021, were driven primarily by2022 was a higher gaindecrease of $2,137,067 from net income of $819,349 for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease was attributable to lower gains on the salesales of land in 2021by approximately $1.0 million and an increase in overall revenuecurrent year stock compensation expense of 11% as compared to fiscal year 2020. The higher gain on sale of land in 2021 is dueapproximately $2.3 million attributable to the variable natureCompany’s first ever grant of land sales. The increasestock-based compensation, which occurred in revenue is due in part to higher commodity prices for oil and gas as the energy market recovers from the effectssecond quarter of the pandemic.fiscal year. The Company has granted awards for all of the shares that are issuable under its stock incentive plan, and no further awards may be made under the plan.

Results of Operations - for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 20202021

Revenue

Total revenues for 20212022 were $744,545,$1,105,494, an increase of approximately 11%48% when compared with 20202021 revenues of $671,944.$744,545. Total revenue consists of oil and gas, timber, and surface revenues. Components of revenues for the year ended December 31, 20212022 as compared to 2020,2021, are as follows:

Oil and Gas

Oil and gas revenues were 49%54% and 38%49% of total revenues for 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. A breakdown of oil and gas revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021,2022, as compared to 20202021 are as follows:

CKX received oil and/or gas revenues from 7395 and 9473 wells during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively.

The following schedule summarizes barrels and MCF produced and average price per barrel and per MCF for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

Oil revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as compared to 2020,2021, by $95,627.$131,079. Gas revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as compared to 2020,2021, by $10,596.$71,895. As indicated from the schedule above, the increase in oil revenues was due to an increase in net oil produced and an increase in the average oil sales price per barrel. The increase in gas revenues was due to an increase in the average price per MCF offset by a decreaseand an increase in net gas produced.

The following eight fields produced 94.31% of the Company’s oil and gas revenues in 2022. The following table shows the number of barrels of oil (Bbl Oil) and MCF of gas (MCF Gas) produced from these fields.

The following eight fields produced 96.42% of the Company’s oil and gas revenues in 2021. The following table shows the number of barrels of oil (Bbl Oil) and MCF of gas (MCF Gas) produced from these fields.

The following eight fields produced 92.31% of the Company’s oil and gas revenues in 2020. The following table shows the number of barrels of oil (Bbl Oil) and MCF of gas (MCF Gas) produced from these fields.

The Company was a lessor in the following non-producing mineral leases:

Lease and geophysical revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as compared to 2020,2021, by $1,437.$28,874. These revenues are dependent on oil and gas producers’ activities, are not predictable and can vary significantly from year to year.

Timber

Timber revenues were 20% and 20% of total revenues for 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Timber revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, by $16,382. The increase$68,872. Management believes demand for timber in timber revenues was duethe Company’s region has improved over the last year, partially driven by end customers investing in additional mill assets that are more proximate to recognition of expired stumpage agreements.the Company’s timber.

Surface

Surface revenues were 31%26% and 42%31% of total revenues for 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Surface revenues decreasedincreased for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as compared to 2020,2021, by $51,441.$60,229. This decreaseincrease is due to reductionsreflective of increased economic activity in one time right of way income.the region, including industrial project development and pipeline construction.

Costs and Expenses

Oil and gas costs increased for the year ended December 31, 20212022 as compared to 20202021 by $12,306.$8,627. These variances are due to the normal variations in year to year costs, which correlate directly with variations in revenues.

Timber costs increased for the year ended December 31, 20212022 as compared to 20202021 by $2,275.$16,980. This is primarily due to increased timber management costs.

General and administrative expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 20212022 as compared to 20202021 by $46,351.$2,224,144. This is primarily due to increased commissions and transaction fees and legal fees, partiallyofficer stock-based compensation offset by a decrease in officer salariescommissions and property management expense.transaction fees.

Gain on Sale of Land and Equipment

Gain on sale of land was $1,025,735$18,972 and $354,577$1,025,735 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, this consisted of a gain on the sale of two tracts of land. For the year ended December 31, 2021, this consisted of 19 tracts of land including 13 lots in subdivisions and one sale to a local government for a water plant. For the year ended December 31, 2020, this consisted of a gain on sale of eight tracts of land including six lots in subdivisions and one sale to local government for roadway construction.

Outlook for Fiscal Year 20222023

The Company will continue to consider and evaluate commercial, agricultural and timber lands, and other business opportunities for acquisitions and to evaluate its current holdings for divestiture. The Company will consider purchases outside of southwest Louisiana and will consider developing its properties for commercial or residential purposes.  

The Company will continue to actively market its timber. Weather in 2021 was generally better for timber harvesting than in 2020. Due to damage to the Company’s timber stands from Hurricanes Laura and Delta in 2020, the Company sold some of its timber in 2021 at salvage prices. Stumpage prices have remained depressed when comparedimproved year over year, and management is optimistic they will continue to recent historical prices but seem to be improving.improve. The Company will seek to enter into additional stumpage agreements.

The Company began directly managing its lands in 2017, except for approximately 5,030 acres of timber property in which the Company owns an undivided 1/6 interest, which is managed by Walker Louisiana Properties. The Company believes direct land management and continuing economic activity in southwest Louisiana may be a catalyst for increased surface revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

The Company’s current assets totaled $7,998,849$8,307,928 and current liabilities equaled $261,236$267,176 at December 31, 2021.2022.

As of December 31, 2021,2022, and 2020,2021, the Company had no outstanding debt.

In the opinion of management, cash and cash equivalents are adequate for projected operations and possible land acquisitions.

The Company’s Board of Directors regularly evaluates a range of strategic alternatives that could increase shareholder value, and the Board and management conduct due diligence activities in connection with such alternatives. These include opportunities for growth though the acquisitions of land or other assets or business combinations, dispositions of assets and reinvestment of the proceeds, and other alternatives. The cost and terms of any financing to be raised in conjunction with any growth opportunity, including the Company’s ability to raise debt or equity capital on terms and at costs satisfactory to the Company, and the effect of such opportunities on the Company’s balance sheet, are critical considerations in any such evaluation.

Analysis of Cash Flows

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities changed by $403,838$677,364 to $413,691 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to ($263,673) for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $140,165 for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The change in cash provided by (used in) operating activities was attributable primarily to the increase in net incomesales of $360,949 and a decrease in operating expenses, excluding the change on theincrease of stock-based compensation expense and gain on the sale of land.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities was $(498,765) and $1,210,291 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and $3,042,801 for2021, respectively.  For the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, this consisted of purchases of certificates of deposit of $1,000,000, costs of reforesting timber of $16,461, and 2020, respectively.purchase of property and equipment of $12,835, offset by sales of mutual funds of $511,559 and proceeds from the sale of fixed assets of $18,972. For the year ended December 31, 2021, this included proceeds from the sale of fixed assets of $1,233,197, partially offset by purchases of mutual funds of $237, costs of reforesting timber of $18,606 and purchases of land of $4,063. For the year ended December 31, 2020, this included proceeds from maturity of certificates of deposit of $4,682,920 and proceeds from the sale of fixed assets of $359,082 offset by purchases of certificates of deposit of $1,985,920, purchases of mutual funds of $3,960, and costs of reforesting timber of $9,321.

Net cash used inprovided by (used in) financing activities was $0$(176,592) and $0 for the year ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, and 2020, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, this consisted of repurchases of common stock of $176,592.

Significant Accounting Policies

For a discussion of significant accounting policies, see Note 1 in the notes to our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, financings, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, also known as “special purpose entities” (SPEs).

Disclosure in response to this item is not required of a smaller reporting company.

The Company’s financial statements, together with the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon and the notes thereto, are presented beginning at page F-1. The Company’s balance sheets as of December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended have been audited by MaloneBailey, LLP. MaloneBailey, LLP is an independent registered public accounting firm. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to Regulation S-K as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and are included herein pursuant to Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. 

None.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive and financial officer,officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2021.2022. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures also include, without limitation, controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officer,officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures included a review of the control objectives and design, our implementation of the controls and the effect of the controls on the information generated for use in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. After conducting this evaluation, our principal executive and financial officerofficers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined by Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, were effective as of December 31, 20212022 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and was accumulated and communicated to  our principal executive and financial officer,officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is the process designed under the principal executive and financial officer’sofficers’ supervision, and effected by our Board of Directors, the principal executive and financial officerofficers and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility that misstatements may not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, an effective control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the designed control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive and financial officer,officers, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(c). In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 framework), our principal executive and financial officerofficers concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2021.2022, due to a material weakness.

In 2022, management retained a third-party service provider to assist with developinga valuation methodology for the estimation of accruals for share-based compensation expense. The valuation methodology used by the Company did not correctly determine the fair value and derived service period of certain share-based awards that were granted during the year ended December 31, 2022, which resulted in adjustments to stock-based compensation expense. The terms of the awards have not changed, no new awards have been granted, and the accrual of additional compensation expense is based solely upon a change in accounting conventions by the Company.  The changes to our expense recognition policies do not reflect, in management’s opinion, an increased likelihood of awards vesting. Management believes that the impact of the material weakness was limited to the valuation methodology employed for calculating our share-based compensation expense.

In response to the above, management has adopted a policy to consider and retain third-party service providers for matters relating to significant accounting policies in consultation with and with the approval of the audit committee of the Board of Directors.. Having now adopted a share-based payment valuation methodology that complies with GAAP, and in light of management’s policy regarding the selection of third-party service providers, management believes it has eliminated the material weakness.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

During the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year ended December 31, 20212022 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

We believe that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within any company have been detected.

None.

Not applicable.

PART III

The information required by Item 10 will be included in the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by Item 11 will be included in the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Certain information required by Item 12 will be included in the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and is incorporated herein by reference.

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2021,2022, about equity compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which equity securities of the Registrant are authorized for issuance. The Registrant’s only equity compensation plan is its Stock Incentive Planstock incentive plan approved by its shareholders on May 6, 2021.  Awards under the plan must consist of restricted stock units and performance shares.  However, asAs of the date of this report, no awards for all of the shares issuable under the plan have been made under the plan. granted.

The information required by Item 13 will be included in the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by Item 14 will be included in the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 28, 2022.31, 2023.

CKX LANDS, INC.

By:

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 28, 2022.31, 2023.

CKX LANDS, INC. 

BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

CKX LANDS, INC. 

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

CKX LANDS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

CKX LANDS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Nature of Business

The Company was incorporated in the State of Louisiana on June 27, 1930. The Company’s business is the ownership and management of land. The primary activities consist of leasing its properties for minerals (oil and gas), raising and harvesting timber, and surface use (agriculture, right of ways, hunting).

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Risks and Uncertainties

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19COVID-19 a pandemic. While the Company did not incur significant disruptions to its operations during 2020, 2021, or 20212022 from COVID-19,COVID-19, it is unable at this time to predict the impact that COVID-19COVID-19 or new variants of the novel coronavirus willcould have on its business, financial position, and operating results in future periods due to numerous uncertainties and is closely monitoring the impact of the pandemic on all aspects of its business.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash balances in seven financial institutions. At times, cash balances may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insured limit of $250,000.$250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on its cash balances.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Equity Investment

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01,2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10)825-10): Recognition of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” (ASU 2016-01)2016-01), which makes targeted amendments to the guidance for recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The guidance under ASU 2016-012016-01 requires equity investments, other than equity method investments, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. As of December 31, 2021 2022, and 2020,2021, the Company classified $502,832$0 and $502,595,$502,832, respectively, of mutual funds as equity securities. The Company invests in ultra-short, high quality U.S. dollar money market funds, foreign funds, and obligations issued by the U.S. Government.

Accounts Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable consists of incomes received after quarter-end for royalties produced prior to quarter-end. When there are royalties that have not been received at the time of the preparation of the financial statements for months in the prior quarter, the Company estimates the amount to be received based on the average of the most recent 12 month’s royalties that were received from that particular well. The Company does not maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts because other than the accrual for earned but not received royalties, it has 0no accounts receivable.

Property, Building and Equipment

Property, building, and equipment is stated at cost. Major additions are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to income as incurred. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line and accelerated methods over the following estimated useful lives of the assets:

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as land, timber and property, buildings, and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If events or circumstances arise that require a long-lived asset to be tested for potential impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the fair value. Fair value may be determined through various valuation techniques including quoted market prices, third-partythird-party independent appraisals and discounted cash flow models. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022, the Company performed a step zero impairment analysis on furniture and fixtures and land improvements and determined there were no qualitative factors that would indicate impairment. NaNNo impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2021 2022 and 2020.

On August 27, 2020, Hurricane Laura made landfall in Cameron, Louisiana as a major Category 4 hurricane. The hurricane caused widespread property damage, flooding, power outages, and water and communication service interruptions. The Company holds 13,941 acres of land in Southwest Louisiana across 11 parishes, with 10,495 acres classified as timber lands. Ten of these parishes are included in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s disaster declaration related to Hurricane Laura. A percentage of the Company's timber assets were damaged during the storm. The Company performed an impairment analysis by comparing the undiscounted cash flow of the assets and the carrying value of the fixed assets and determined there was no impairment to its timber.2021. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022, no impairment triggering factors were noted and no quantitative analysis was performed.

Share-Based Compensation

We maintain one active incentive compensation plan: the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan). The Plan provides for the issuance of restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance-based restricted stock units (PSUs) to certain of our employees, non-employee directors and consultants.

For awards that are subject to market conditions, we utilize a binomial-lattice model (i.e., Monte Carlo simulation model), to determine the fair value. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables to determine the share-based compensation expense. For grants with market conditions made during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we utilized an annualized volatility of 39.6%, a 0% dividend yield and an annual risk-free interest rate of 3.5% each determined over a period consistent with the performance period associated with the awards with market conditions. The volatility was based on the last two-year period of our stock performance. The stock price projection for us assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest rate is equal to the yield, as of the measurement date, of the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bill that is commensurate with the remaining performance measurement period.

Share-based compensation expense related to RSUs are expensed over the grant date to the end of the requisite service period using the straight-line method. PSUs are expensed over the grant date to the end of the requisite service period using a model-driven derived service period based upon the median of the price projection scenarios for each performance trigger. The RSUs and PSUs do not have voting rights. We calculate the fair value of our share-based awards on the date of grant.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue under ASU 2014-09,2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606)606). In accordance with ASC 606, we recognize revenues when the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of a contract with a customer exists, (ii) identifiable performance obligations under the contract exist, (iii) the transaction price is determinable for each performance obligation, (iv) the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation, and (v) the performance obligations are satisfied. We derive a majority of our revenues from oil and gas royalties, timber sales, and surface leases. Surface leases are not within the scope of ASC 606 and are accounted for under ASC 842. See Note 9 for more detailed information about the Company’s reportable segments.

Oil and Gas

Oil and gas revenue is generated through customer contracts, where we provide the customer access to a designated tract of land upon which the customer performs exploration, extraction, production and ultimate sale of the oil and gas. The Company receives royalties on all oil and gas produced by the customer. The performance obligation identified in oil and gas related contracts is the oil and gas produced on the designated tract of land. The performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, which is when the customer produces oil and gas. The transaction price is comprised of fixed fees (royalties) on all oil and gas produced. The Company accrues monthly royalty revenues based upon estimates and adjusts to actual as the Company receives payments. Net accrued royalty income was $50,379$126,423 and $49,113$50,379 as of December 31, 2021 2022 and 2020,2021, respectively. There are 0no capitalized contract costs associated with oil and gas contracts. The accounting for royalty income remains largely unchanged upon implementation of ASC 606.

Timber

Timber revenue is generated through customer contracts executed as a pay-as-cut arrangement, where the customer acquires the right to harvest specified timber on a designated tract for a set period of time at agreed-upon unit prices. The performance obligation identified in timber related contracts is the severing of a single tree.

We satisfy our performance obligation when timber is severed, at which time revenue is recognized. The transaction price for timber sales is determined using contractual rates applied to harvest volumes. The Company may receive a deposit at the time of entering into a stumpage agreement and this deposit is recorded in unearned revenue until earned. The Company held stumpage agreement deposits of $0 and $87,300 as of December 31, 2021 2022 and 2020.2021. There are no capitalized contract costs associated with timber contracts. No revenue has been recognized on the stumpage agreements held by the Company that are still open. The amount deposited by the customer is recognized as revenue against the first timber harvested. If no timber is harvested by the end of the contract the deposit is retained and recognized as income at contract end. The accounting of timber revenue remains largely unchanged upon implementation of ASC 606.

Surface

Surface revenue is earned through annual leases for agricultural and hunting activities and the Company records revenues evenly over the term of these leases. Surface revenues from these sources are recurring on an annual basis.

Surface revenue is also earned through right of way and related temporary work-space leases, both of which are not unusual in occurrence and are not recurring sources of revenue. Generally, a right of way lease relates to either a utility or pipeline right of way that is a permanent servitude or exists for fixed periods of time greater than thirty years. The Company retains ownership of the land and the servitude is limited to the use of the surface. Revenue is recorded at the time of the agreement’s execution date. For income tax purposes, these types of agreements are treated as sales of business assets.

Other sources of surface revenue can be commercial activities leases and sales of surface minerals, such as dirt.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per share

Net earnings per share is provided in accordance with FASB ASC 260-10,260-10, "Earnings per Share". Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive income per share excludes all potential common shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. As of For the year ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 there were 02022, potentially dilutive shares outstanding.attributable to 310,794 restricted stock units and performance shares were excluded in the calculation of earnings per share as their effect is anti-dilutive due to the Company's net loss for such period. There were no dilutive shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Dividends

The Company does not currently pay dividends on a regular basis. In determining whether to declare a dividend, the Board of Directors takes into account the Company’s prior fiscal year’s cash flows from operations and the current economic conditions, among other information deemed relevant. Dividends paid per common stock are based on the weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding during the period. NaNNo dividends were declared during the years ended December 31, 2021 2022 and 2020.2021.

Pursuant to a dividend reversion clause in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, dividends not claimed within one year after the dividend becomes payable will expire and revert in full ownership to the Company and the Company’s obligation to pay such dividend will cease. Any dividend reversions are recorded in equity upon receipt.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws.

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company has analyzed its filing positions in federal and state income tax returns for the tax returns that remain subject to examination. Generally, returns are subject to examination for three years after filing. The Company believes that all filing positions are highly certain and that all income tax filing positions and deductions would be sustained upon a taxing jurisdiction’s audit. Therefore, no reserve for uncertain tax positions is required. NaNNo interest or penalties have been levied against the Company and none are anticipated.

Other Taxes

Taxes, other than income taxes, which consisted of property, franchise and oil and gas production taxes were $146,095$140,840 and $125,124,$146,095, for the years ended December 31, 2021 2022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Leases

The Company leases its lands to individuals and entities for various purposes. The Company accounts for these types of leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and subsequent amendments, which require that leases be evaluated and classified as operating or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. For leases classified as operating, the Company calculates rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the lease term including renewal options, if reasonably assured, or the economic life of the leased premises, taking into consideration rent escalation clauses and other lease concessions, if applicable. The Company has no capital leases as of December 31, 2021, 2022, or 2020.2021.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No.2019-12,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles, as well as improving consistent application in Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The amendments were effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2020-03”).  ASU 2020-03 improves and clarifies various financial instruments topics. ASU 2020-03 includes seven different issues that describe the areas of improvement and the related amendments to GAAP, intended to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The Company adopted ASU 2020-03 upon issuance, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s current financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

There are various other updates recently issued most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and these are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 2:     Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. It defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities that are not active; and model-driven valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. Valuations may be obtained from, or corroborated by, third-partythird-party pricing services.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs to measure fair value of assets and liabilities for which there is little, if any market activity at the measurement date, using reasonable inputs and assumptions based upon the best information at the time, to the extent that inputs are available without undue cost and effort.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it was practical to estimate that value:

The estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments are as follows:

Note 3:   Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

Depreciation expense was $2,027$5,039 and $2,303$2,027 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020,respectively.

Depletion expense was $563$883 and $974$563 for the years ended December 31, 2021 2022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Note 4:   Land Purchases and Sales

Land Purchases

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022, the Company purchased the following lands:

The Company did not purchase any land during

During the year ended December 31, 2020.2021, the Company purchased the following lands:

Land Sales

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022, the Company sold the following lands: