Forward Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or the future performance of our company. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the only means of identifying forward-looking statements. Such statements are predictions; actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating such statements, you should specifically consider various factors identified in this report, including the matters set forth below in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements.

For purposes of this Annual Report, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” “Genasys” and the “Company” refer to Genasys Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview 

Genasys isWe are a global provider of critical communications hardwareProtective Communications™ solutions, including our Genasys Protect™ software platform and software solutions designed to alert, inform, and protect people.Genasys Long Range Acoustic Devices® (“LRAD®”).  Our unified software platform receives information from a wide variety of sensors and Internet-of-Things (IoT)(“IoT”) inputs to collect real-time information on developing and active emergency situations. Genasys uses this information to create and disseminate alerts, warnings, notifications, and instructions through multiple channels before, during, and after public safety and enterprise threats, critical events, and other crisis situations.

Genasys Protect provides a comprehensive  portfolio of Protective Communications software and hardware systems serving federal governments and agencies; state and local governmental agencies, and education (“SLED”); and enterprise organizations in sectors including but not limited to oil and gas, utilities, manufacturing, automotive, and healthcare.  Genasys Protect solutions have a diverse range of applications, including emergency warning and mass notification for public safety; critical event management for enterprise companies; de-escalation for defense and law enforcement; critical infrastructure protection; and automated detection of real-time threats such as active shooters and severe weather. 

Genasys LRAD systems provide directed audible voice messages with exceptional, intelligible vocal clarity from close range out to 5,500 meters. We have a history of successfully delivering innovative systems and solutions in mission critical situations, pioneering the acoustic hailing device (“AHD”) market with the introduction of our first LRAD AHD in 2002 and creating the first multidirectional voice-based public safety mass notification systems in 2012. Building on our proven, best in class and reliable solutions and systems, we are launching the first and only unified, end-to-end Protective Communications platform. 

Background

Genasys entered the critical communications arenaProtective Communications market following the October 2000 attack on the USS Cole, which led to the development of the Long Range Acoustic Device® (“LRAD®”),LRAD, an Acoustic Hailing Device (“AHD”)AHD capable of communicating to and determining the intent of potential threats from a safe distance. The Company’sGenasys LRAD systems broadcast audible alert tones and exceptionally intelligible voice messages in a focused 30° beam over long distances to specific targets. LRADs were quickly embraced by the U.S. Navy and then other domestic military branches, federal agencies, and police departments, and then throughout the world. By using long-range communication to better manage the escalation of force, LRAD representedcontinues to provide a newnon-kinetic, non-lethal solution for resolving potentially dangerous or hostile situations.

With a device capable of broadcasting audible alerts and notifications with exceptional vocal clarity over long distances, Genasys engineers enhanced the Company's critical communicationsProtective Communications technology to innovate a new generation of mass notification speaker systems. Most legacy mass notification systems use sound sirens, but have limited, if any, voice broadcast capability. Genasys' advanced mass notification systems feature the industry's highest Speech IntelligibilityTransmission Index (STI)(“STI”), large directional and omni-directional broadcast coverage areas, and an array of options that are designed to enable the systems to continue operating when power and telecommunications infrastructure goes down.

Realizing that integrating software with the mass notification speakers would provide further technology options and additional functionality, Company engineers developed Genasys'the Genasys Emergency Management (“GEM”) command-and-control software. In addition to remotely activating and controlling Genasys advanced speaker systems, which feature satellite connectivity and solar power options, GEM facilitates the dissemination of alerts, warnings, notifications, information and instructions through multiple channels, including location-based Short Message Service (“SMS”), Cell Broadcast Center (“CBC”) mobile push, text, email, social media, TV, radio, and digital displays. These systems are used by government emergency services, schools, universities, and businesses to send emergency information and instructions to people at risk before, during, and after public safety and enterprise threats.

Today, the fastest most direct way to share vital information is often through cell phones and computers. In response to a world where communication methods are becoming increasingly digital and mobile, Genasys recently expanded its GEM platform to include multiple software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) solutions. These solutions include Zonehaven® evacuation resources, Integrated Mass Notification System (“IMNS”) networks that feature advanced mass notification powered by GEMGenasys’ command-and-control software, and the Company's National Emergency Warning System (“NEWS”) solution a software application that works with mobile carriers to send emergency communications to the public with no opt-in required. These SaaS solutions are capable of disseminating critical alerts and information through text message, email, voice call, push notification, social media, and other delivery methods. In 2023, Genasys integrated and rebranded each of these solutions into what is now known as Genasys Protect. 

Genasys hardware systems and software solutions are designed to provide operators the ability to deliver critical information rapidly and effectively through multiple channels.

Genasys’ Principal Characteristics  

Looking Forward: Growth Company  

Software Products

GEMGenasys Protect

The Complete Protective Communications Platform 

Genasys Emergency Management (“GEM”) is Genasys’ SaaS product platform that includes GEM Public Safety, GEM Enterprise, ZonehavenProtect combines the most comprehensive suite of solutions enabling preparedness, responsiveness, and NEWS.analytics to keep people, assets, and operations protected against the impacts of natural disasters, terrorism, violent civil unrest, and other dangerous situations, as well as power failures, facility shutdowns, and other non-emergency operational disruptions. 

Genasys Protect ALERT

GEMPublic Safety

Genasys Protect ALERT (“ALERT”) - formerly Genasys Emergency Management or GEM Public Safety- is an interactive, cloud-based SaaS solution that enables State, Localis designed to enable SLED and Education (“SLED”)enterprise customers to send critical information to at-risk individuals or groups when an emergency occurs. GEMALERT acts as both a communications input and output, receiving information from state-of-the-art sensors and emergency services, and quickly relaying notifications, alerts, and instructions to at-risk populations and first responders. GEMALERT communications to the public can be enhanced via Genasys Protect ACOUSTICS, while ALERT communications among first responders and emergency personnel can be augmented and accelerated with Genasys Protect CONNECT (formerly Evertel). ALERT customers can create and send critical, verified, and secure notifications and messages that are geographically specific and targeted using emails, voice calls, text messages, panic buttons, desktop alerts, television,TV, social media, and more. Additionally, Genasys is a certified provider of Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (“IPAWS”) notifications. IPAWS is the federal public notification platform for the United States, which GEM SoftwareALERT customers can use to deliver critical communications in multiple languages to specific populations.

GEMSimilarly, enterprise customers are able to send critical communications to at-risk employees, contractors, visitors, or groups based on geographic location or team status. Operated and controlled via a single dashboard that includes two-way polling, duress buttons, field check-ins and recipient locations, ALERT integrates with various data sources, including sensors, emergency services, active directories, human resources, visitor management, and building control systems to find and deliver safety alerts and notifications to residents, employees, staff, contractors, temporary workers, and visitors.

ALERT sends targeted messages based on geographic location, permitting relevant information and instructions to be sent to the appropriate populations. Emergency managers can prepare for natural or man-made disasters by developing evacuation plans that map routes, shelters, traffic control locations, and road closures using ALERT’s extensive public safety resources and mapped zones. This information is easily shared with the public and reduces the time it takes to execute emergency evacuations and conduct orderly repopulations. Auto-Discovery, an innovative GEM feature of the platform, locates and connects with anyone on a wired or wireless network in a fixed area with no opt-in required. When discovered, GEM SoftwareALERT anonymizes all recipient information and data. When an emergency occurs, these tools allow at-risk groups or individuals to be notified as quickly as possible without sacrificing their privacy.

In addition to disseminating alerts and notifications, GEMALERT uses two-way communication tools, including polls and check-ins to receive feedback from targeted populations and first responders. With direct feedback, operators can survey the safety and status of at-risk individuals, learn of developments, update notifications and/or instructions in response to new information, and more.

GEMALERT Public Safety Case Study

In fiscal 2022,2023, cities and counties in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Indiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Texas selected GEM to help safeguard millions of residents during severe storms, tornadoes, wildfires, flooding, debris flows, tsunamis, active shooter incidents, epidemics, civil unrest, and other disasters and life safety threats. By the end of fiscal 2023, Genasys Protect was utilized by agencies covering more than 20 million people in the United States.

GEMALERT Enterprise Case Study

GEM Enterprise empowers businessesTwo global auto manufacturers and organizationsAramco, the world’s largest oil and gas company, rely on ALERT to send critical communicationscreate, manage and deliver geo-targeted, multichannel notifications to at-riskthousands of employees contractors, visitors, or groups based on geographic location or team status.in North America and the Middle East, respectively.

Operated and controlled via a single dashboard that includes two-way polling, duress buttons, field check-ins and recipient locations, GEM Enterprise solutions integrateALERT integrates with data sources, including active directories, human resources,Human Resources, visitor management, and building control systems to findempower enterprise customers to protect workers, traveling employees, contractors, and deliver safety alertsvisitors. By adding a powerful and notifications to employees, staff, contractors, temporary workers,intuitive orchestration and visitors.

GEM provides full redundancymanagement layer on top of existing physical and high resilience in workforce safetydigital infrastructure, ALERT extends the clarity, reach and messaging during everyday duties and critical business events. GEM’s accountability and real-time situational awareness translates to effective communications that can be delivered via voice calls, SMS messages, emails, desktop alerts, WhatsApp, and other corporate communication channels anytime, anywhere.

GEMEnterprise Case Study

With 300 community centers across 13 states, a prominent nonprofit organization needed a way to coordinate its COVID-19 response. The pandemic’s continued growth meant that resources had to be optimized and directed to specific hot spots. Changing requirements and conditions caused by the pandemic highlighted the need for efficient information exchange with personnel and volunteers. To handle these challenges, the nonprofit implemented GEM to ensure critical communications were delivered quickly and reliably.

Zonehaven

Zonehaven is a multipronged SaaS application that serves both first responders and the jurisdictions they protect. Emergency services agencies can prepare for natural or man-made disasters by developing evacuation plans that map routes, shelters, traffic control locations, and road closures using Zonehaven's extensive public safety resources and mapped zones. This information is easily shared with the public and reduces the time it takes to execute emergency evacuations and conduct orderly repopulations.

When an incident occurs, it is immediately tracked by Zonehaven, which maps and simulates the speed and directionrange of the incident to determine which zones (geographic areas) are at risk and need to be evacuated. As an incident develops, Zonehaven provides real-time updates, helping to ensure emergency services personnel have the most up-to-date information. In turn, emergency services agencies use this information to augment evacuation plans and share critical information with at-risk individuals and populations through alerts, messages, and community-facing mapping applications. Notifications can be sent using Zonehaven and a variety of other channels, including local GIS departments and other agencies, traffic applications, including Waze, and more.

In addition to communicating to members of their own community, emergency services agencies can also use Zonehaven to communicate with neighboring towns, cities, and counties. Zonehaven’s network exists across jurisdictions to facilitate multi-agency collaboration and cooperation. By having access to the shared Zonehaven knowledgebase, emergency organizations can work together across jurisdictions to prepare plans, take responsive action, and coordinate evacuations and repopulations.

Zonehaven Case Study

Spurred by a geographic and environmental susceptibility to wildfires and recent conflagrations, first responders and emergency services agencies in 27 California counties have entered into multi-year Zonehaven software services and evacuation management contracts to better protect the more than 12 million residents they serve.

NEWS

The National Emergency Warning System (“NEWS”) provides multichannel public safety notifications and instructions to designated areas, groups, or agencies when a crisis occurs. The NEWS platform is cloud-based, geo-redundant, and end-to-end encrypted. NEWS is a SaaS product that requires mobile telecom services for installation and integration.Protective Communications.

Genasys partnersProtect EVAC

Genasys Protect EVAC (“EVAC”) - formerly Zonehaven - enables responding agencies to react swiftly, make collaborative decisions, and communicate event status in real-time to other agencies, businesses, and the public. EVAC determines and communicates the proper scope of a response or evacuation by replacing guesswork with mobile telecom networksdata-driven intelligence. EVAC enhances safety levels for first responders, communities, and large campuses by providing:

EVAC Public Safety Case Study

During December 2022 and January 2023, counties across California experienced multiple flooding and storm-surge events related to provide the channelsatmospheric river conditions. These atmospheric river storms created unprecedented rainfall, which had been preceded by wildfire scar damage that exacerbated debris flows, mudslides, and avalanches. First responders and emergency managers were dealing with multiple events happening simultaneously.

More than ten counties, including Los Angeles, Humboldt, and Santa Cruz, used EVAC for multi-agency coordination and to deliver NEWS SMS and CBC alerts and notifications that can be sent to anyone, anywhere, with no recipient opt-in, registration, or download required. By partnering with government and mobile telecom networks, NEWS provides precise geolocation capabilities (dynamic maps, traffic information, weather forecasts, and environmental sensor data) which allow NEWS operators to receive accurate information, send hyper-specific notifications, and monitor evacuation progress. NEWS can locate recipientsmanage and deliver messages in near real time, compared withevacuation alerts, warnings and orders. EVAC was also used to communicate other SMS alert providers that can take up to 15 minutes. Even with NEWS’ reach and scope, all data is anonymized, ensuring individuals stay safe and informed without sacrificing their privacy.

NEWS has an easy-to-use dashboard that can be controlled by operators through a cloud-based command console, or a mobile app. NEWS receives alerts and warnings from multiple sources, which then appear in the dashboard. Operators interpret thiscritical information and use it to create, activate, and broadcast notifications to the appropriate population via TCP/IP, satellite, Wi-Fi, GPRS/GSM, fiber radio, text message, email, cell broadcast, social media, television, speakers, sirens,public, including road closures, power outages, storm warnings, and more. NEWS has many capabilities and options, including smart messaging, integration with other communication channels, and geo-fencing. With access to numerous channels and partnerships with mobile carrier networks, NEWS helps ensure at-risk populations are alerted when a local, regional or national emergency occurs.

NEWS Case StudyGenasys Protect CONNECT

In the aftermath of devastating bushfiresGenasys Protect CONNECT (“CONNECT”) - formerly Evertel Technologies - is a leading cross-agency collaboration platform that killedstreamlines and injured hundreds of citizenssecures team and burned thousands of homesone-on-one communications for first responders and public safety agencies. With real-time intelligence sharing that exceeds regulatory privacy requirements for public agencies, CONNECT’s instant communication platform empowers first responders and public safety personnel to collaborate and share information in 2009, Australia’s government decideda single space with text, videos, images, and audio from any location. CONNECT provides a secure space where professionals can exchange information, make decisions, and collaborate with trust in data security. Record retention policies drive compliance that allows agencies and personnel to create a location-based public warning system that could reach more than 95% of the population affected by bushfires, flooding, severe storms, and other disasters.communicate in confidence.

Beginning in particularly susceptible areas and then expanding to cover the entire country, government officials worked with Genasys, major telecom providers, and other companies to develop a location-based SMS public warning system that met the government'sEnabling public safety warning expectationsprofessionals to collaborate with other agencies throughout their region, state and national authorities’ operationalcountry, CONNECT provides real-time interoperability to address critical events and functional system requirements. Since going live in 2013, NEWS has deliveredcrisis situations more than 200 million location-based SMS emergency alerts to many of the country’s 25 million residentsquickly through coordinated efforts. Compliant with all federal and 9 million annual visitors.state-level legal requirements for public safety communications, CONNECT data is protected and secured through high-level data encryption within a secure, U.S. based, government-only cloud environment.

Hardware Products

IMNSGenasys Protect ACOUSTICS

The Genasys Protect ACOUSTICS (“ACOUSTICS”) – formerly Integrated Mass Notification System (IMNS) product lineSystems or IMNS – unites GenasysGenasys’ next generation of mass notification speaker systems with GEMGenasys Protect command-and-control software. Most legacy mass notification systems use soundare sirens but havewith limited, if any, voice broadcast capability. Genasys' advanced mass notificationACOUSTICS systems feature the industry's highest STI, large directional and omni-directional broadcast coverage areas, and an array of options including solar power, battery backup, and satellite connectivity that enable the systems to continue to operate when power and telecommunications infrastructure goes down.

IMNSACOUSTICS gives operators the ability to send critical alerts and notifications from emergency operations centers, and authorized computers or smart phones. Emergency alerts and information can be sent via individual, grouped or networked IMNSACOUSTICS installations, text messages, emails, IPAWS, desktop alerts, television,TV, voice calls, and social media. IMNS'Genasys Protect’s layered redundancy helps to ensure the maximum number of people receive Protective Communications and critical communications.notifications.

IMNS Case Study

Faced with wildfires, flooding, debris flows, earthquakes, tsunamis, severe weather and other public safety threats, a California beach city selected IMNS to deliver emergency alerts and notifications to its 23,000 residents and 6 million annual visitors. 21 IMNS installations are in place throughout the city with more installations planned. The IMNS installations can be activated individually, in groups, or simultaneously to provide area specific or citywide emergency warning coverage. The IMNS outdoor speaker installations are equipped with solar power, battery backup, and satellite connectivity. In the event power and telecommunications infrastructure fails, alerts and notifications can also be sent via text messages, voice calls, and social media.

Genasys LRAD

The LRAD is the world’s leading AHD. ProjectingAHD, with the ability to project alert tones and audible voice messages with exceptional vocal clarity in a 30° beam from close range to 5,500 meters. LRADs are used throughout the world in multiple applications and circumstances to safely hail, warn, inform, direct, prevent misunderstandings, determine intent, establish large safety zones, resolve uncertain situations, and save lives. LRADs have been deployed on military vehicles, at corporate headquarters, critical infrastructure, in hostage negotiations, aboard private yachts, and in numerous other situationsinstallations and applications where clear and intelligible voice communications are essential.

Several LRAD models are available in varying audio output,outputs, communication coverage area, size,areas, sizes, and functionality.functionalities. Several options and accessories (cameras, searchlights, mounts, etc.)and more) are also available to enhance LRAD capabilities.

All LRADsLRAD systems are defined by their unparalleled audio output and clarity. LRADs use Genasys' proprietary XL driver technology, which generates higher audio output in a smaller, and lighter form factor. The technology also helps ensure voice messages and alert tones cut through background noise and are clearly heard and understood. These competitive advantages, and constant innovation, have made LRAD the de facto standard of the global AHD industry.

LRADACOUSTICS Case Study

Faced with wildfires, flooding, debris flows, earthquakes, tsunamis, severe weather and other public safety threats, the city of Laguna Beach, California, selected ACOUSTICS to deliver emergency alerts and notifications to its 23,000 residents and 6 million annual visitors. More than 20 ACOUSTICS installations are in place throughout the city with more installations planned. The installations can be activated individually, in groups, or simultaneously to provide area specific or citywide emergency warning coverage. The ACOUSTICS outdoor speaker installations are equipped with solar power, battery backup, and satellite connectivity in the event power and telecommunications infrastructure failure.

LRAD Case Study

SWAT teams respond to dangerous situations where communication is vital. Previously, SWAT teams used bullhorns and vehicle public address (“PA”) systems to communicate with violent suspects. Because of the poor intelligibility and limited broadcast range of bullhorns and vehicle PA systems, SWAT team members often had to closely engage with suspects, putting themselves, suspects, and bystanders in harm's way.

Many SWAT teams now use LRAD for serving high risk warrants, and during hostage and barricaded suspect negotiations, active shooter situations, and other SWAT operations. LRAD systems are portable and adaptable in most any situation to provide clear voice broadcasts over long distances. By effectively communicating from safe standoff distances, LRAD helps resolve uncertain situations, safeguards operators, and protects the public.

ApplicationsEnd Markets

Government

GEMGenasys Protect provides state, local, and federal agencies with a feature-rich system that combines physical security integrations with multichannel emergency alerting. Automated integrations include fire system, access control, IPAWS, and mobile and desktop panic buttons. Output channels include 2-way SMS, email, pop-ups, callouts, PA speakers, and land mobile radio outputs.

IMNSALERT can be used by state, local, or national agencies to deliver emergency alerts and life safety information to residents in certain areas, regionally, or countrywide.

Partnering with national governments and mobile telecom networks, NEWSGenasys Protect delivers CBC alerts and geo-targeted SMS notifications that can be sent to anyone, anywhere, with no recipient opt-in, registration, or download required.

LRAD systems enhance the safety and security of government-owned critical infrastructure including dams, power plants, water treatment plants, and government facilities. Unlike traditional monitoring and surveillance networks, LRAD systems provide a vital first response capability missing from observe-only integrated security installations. LRAD turns passive monitoring systems into first responders by broadcasting attention-commanding alerts, warnings, and critical notifications with industry-leading audibility and clarity.

Enterprise

GEMGenasys Protect provides full redundancy and high resilience in workforce safety and messaging during everyday duties and critical business events. GEM’sGenasys Protect’s accountability and real-time situational awareness translates to effective communications that can be delivered via voice calls, SMS messages, emails, desktop alerts, WhatsApp, and other corporate communication channels to reach workers, on-premises visitors, and contractors with no opt-in required.

GEMGenasys Protect can be operated and controlled via a single dashboard that includes two-way polling, duress buttons, field check-ins and recipient locations. GEMGenasys Protect enterprise solutions integrate with data sources, including active directories, human resources, visitor management and building control systems to find and reach employees, staff, contractors, temporary workers and visitors.

LRAD systems are being used for commercial security applications at large data centers, publicly-owned critical infrastructure,manufacturing plants, and other enterprise facilities.

Gas, Oil, Utilities

GEMGenasys Protect integrates with a variety of industrial technologies, including gas leak sensors, 'man down' alarms, access control systems, and badge scanners for workforce safety and accountability. GEMGenasys Protect delivers notifications to employees, contractors, visitors, and guests in corporate offices and at field sites. When integrated with human resources systems, GEMGenasys Protect provides employee notifications, guest management systems for contractors and visitors, auto discovery alerts to anyone present on-site, and SMS opt-in for temporary enrollment to receive alerts and notifications.

In addition to providing real-time safety alerts and notifications through multiple channels, GEM can provideGenasys Protect provides service outage, system maintenance, and other utility customer communications.

IMNSACOUSTICS is being used for emergency warning, industrial safety notification, and facility public address. IMNSACOUSTICS can be integrated with gas detection and other sensors to provide automated alerts that protect workers and minimize infrastructure damage. IMNSACOUSTICS alert tones and voice messages cut though mechanical and ambient background noise to be clearly heard and understood, before, during, and in the aftermath of emergency events.

LRAD systems enhance the perimeter security by providing a vital first response capability missing from observe-only integrated security installations. LRAD turns passive monitoring systems into first responders by broadcasting attention-commanding alerts, warnings, and commands to direct fishing boats away from offshore platforms and trespassers from oil, gas, and utility infrastructure.critical infrastructure .

Non-Profit

GEM can assign tasks, monitor progress, and send alerts when tasks exceed assigned parameters. GEM can deliver multilingual alerts to workers, volunteers, and staff anywhere in the world, including automatic translations and localization into any language. Alerts are delivered anytime, anywhere over SMS, email, push, voice calls, social media and website postings.

Campuses

IMNSACOUSTICS unifies software emergency alerting and highly intelligible indoor/outdoor speaker systems to provide multiple channels to deliver notifications, instructions and information to students, staff, faculty, and employees. Using GEMALERT command-and- control software, safety alertswarnings can be delivered campus-wide across several channels, or to specific areas and student populations using select channels.

Towns, Cities, Counties

GEM’sGenasys Protect’s scalable ALERT notification software is used inby communities of all sizes to reach residential populations quickly and directly. GEM is used to issue emergency alerts,warnings, provide important instructions, and receive community feedback.feedback quickly and directly.

IMNSGenasys Protect serves communities by providing digital communications through SMS, email, social media, and other channels, and broadcasting audible messages through Genasys speaker systemACOUSTICS installations. During wildfires, flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes and other emergencies, power and telecom outages frequently disrupt legacy emergency warning systems. Genasys’ speakerACOUSTICS systems are made with rugged, military-grade materials that can withstand the elements, and feature solar power, satellite connectivity, and battery backup options that enable emergency services personnel to disseminate critical information even when power and telecommunications infrastructure goes down.

ZonehavenEVAC is used by communities and counties to create disaster response plans, track emergency events, and execute timely emergency evacuations and orderly repopulations. Zonehaven allowsCONNECT and EVAC allow emergency services to effectively collaborate across jurisdictions to respond quickly and efficiently to disasters. ZonehavenGenasys Protect emergency services include notifications, alerts, and instructions sent directly to community members through several channels, including SMS, email, Waze, and more.

Industrial Facilities

When integrated with software and/or hardware sensors, IMNS providesACOUSTICS provide facility managers actionable data and information to either remotely or automatically initiate critical safety notifications. These notifications can be delivered throughout a facility or only to areas affected by industrial accidents, hazmat incidents, unauthorized entries, and other life-safetyworker safety threats.

Defense

LRADs broadcast audible warning tones and voice messages with exceptional clarity from close range to 5,500 meters. This allows LRAD operators on the ground, in vehicles, on ships, or in helicopters, to increase the decision time and distance to differentiate between security threats and non-combatants, resolve uncertain situations, respond safely, and limit the escalation of force.

First Response

Police and fire departments can useare using LRAD systems in everyday duties and elevated risk operations to issue warnings, commands, and notifications that are clearly heard and understood above crowd, engine and background noise. Rugged, reliable, and easy to operate, LRAD systems resolve uncertain situations, safeguard the public, and protect first responders.

Wildlife & Assets

Certain facilities and infrastructure face wildlife challenges from wildlife that can threaten assets or pose health risks to employees and/or local populations. LRADs are easily programmed to broadcast a near infinite variety of tones and predator calls to help prevent habituation, safely deter and protect wildlife from potential hazards, and help prevent habituation.humanely move wildlife away from critical assets and people. When integrated with cameras, motion sensors, night vision, and radar, LRAD systems can be automated and remotely operated across an IP network to provide critical asset operators a completely unmanned perimeter protection solution capable of safely deterring wildlife and human incursions.trespassing.

Strategy

Our products, systems and solutions continue to gain worldwide awareness and recognition through media exposure,increased marketing efforts, product demonstrations, and word of mouth as a result of positive responses and increased acceptance. We believe we have a solid global brand, technology, and product foundation, which we continue to expand to serve new markets and customers for greater business growth.  We believe we have strong market opportunities for our product offerings throughout the world in the defense, public safety, emergency warning, mass notification, critical event management, enterprise safety, and law enforcement sectors as a result of increasing threats to government, commerce, law enforcement, homeland security and critical infrastructure. Our products, systems and solutions also have many applications within the fire rescue, maritime, asset protection, and wildlife control and preservation business segments.

Genasys has developed a global market and an increasedincreasing demand for LRADs and advanced mass notification speakers.LRAD communications systems. We have a reputation for producing quality products that feature industry-leading broadcast area coverage, vocal intelligibility and product reliability. We plan to continue building on our AHD market leadership position by offering enhanced voice broadcast systems and accessories for an expanding range of applications. In executing our strategy, we use direct sales to governments, militaries, large end-users, system integrators, and prime vendors. We have built a worldwide distribution channel consisting of partners and resellers that have significant expertise and experience selling integrated communication solutions into our various target markets. As our primary AHD sales opportunities are with domestic and international governments, military branches, and law enforcement agencies, we are subject to each customer’s unique budget cycle, which leads to long selling cycles and uneven revenue flow, complicating our product planning. 

The proliferation of natural and man-made disasters, emergency events and civil unrest require technologically advanced, multichannel solutions to deliver clear and timely critical communications to help keep people safe during crisis situations. Businesses are also incorporating critical communication and emergency management systems that locate and help safeguard employees when crises occur.

By providing the only SaaS platform that unifies sensors and IoT inputs with geographically-specific multichannel, multiagency alerting and notifications, Genasys seeks to deliver reliable, fast, and intuitive solutions for creating and disseminating  geolocation-targeted warnings, information and instructions before, during, and after public safety and ennterpriseenterprise threats.

While the software and hardware mass notification markets are more mature with many established manufacturers and suppliers, we believe that our advanced technology and unified platform provides opportunities to succeed in the large and growing public safety, emergency warning, and critical communicationsProtective Communications markets.

In fiscal 2023,2024, we intend to continue pursuing domestic and international business opportunities with the support of business development consultants, key representatives, and resellers. We plan to grow our revenues through increased direct sales to governments and agencies that desire to integrate our communication technologies into their homeland security and public safety systems. This includes building on fiscal 20222023 domestic defense sales by pursuing further U.S. military opportunities. We also plan to pursue both domestic and international emergency warning, enterprise and critical event management, government, law enforcement, fire rescue, homeland and international security, private and commercial security, border security, maritime security, and wildlife preservation and control business opportunities.

Our research and development strategy includes incorporating further innovations and capabilities into our GEM, IMNS, Zonehaven, NEWSGenasys Protect and LRAD products, systems, and solutions to meet the needs of our target markets.

Our GEM, Zonehaven and NEWSGenasys Protect software solutions are more complex offerings. We are pursuing certain certifications, which are often required when bidding on government and mass notification opportunities. We intend to invest engineering resources to enhance our GEM, Zonehaven, and NEWSGenasys Protect software solutions to compete for larger emergency warning and critical communications business opportunities. We are also configuring alternative solutions to achieve lower price points to meet the needs of certain customers or applications. We also engage in ongoing value engineering to reduce the cost and simplify the manufacturing of our products.

We intend to continue operating with financial discipline in order to create value for our shareholders.

Manufacturing and Suppliers

Manufacturing

As an ISO 9001:2015 manufacturer, we believe maintaining quality manufacturing capacity is essential to the performance of our products and the growth of our business. Our technologies are different from mass-produced designs, and our manufacturing and assembly involves unique processes and materials. We contract with third-party suppliers to produce various components and sub-assemblies. In our facility, we complete the final assembly, test, and ship our products. We have refined our internal processes to improve how we design, test, and qualify products. We continue to implement rigorous manufacturing and quality processes to track production and field failures. We also perform third-party testing and certification of our products to ensure that they meet rigorous military and commercial specifications. We implement design and component changes periodically to reduce our product costs and improve product reliability and manufacturability. 

Suppliers

We minimize inventories and maximize the efficiency of our supply chain by having a large number of components and sub-assemblies produced by outside suppliers mainly located within 50 miles of our facility. The Company relies on one supplier for compression drivers for its LRAD products and is working to obtain alternative suppliers to reduce such reliance. The Company’s ability to manufacture its products could be adversely affected if it were to lose this sole source supplier and was unable to find an alternative supplier. We also purchase several key components and sub-assemblies from foreign suppliers. Consequently, we are subject to the impact that supply chain issues and economic conditions can have on such suppliers. The fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates could also impact our lead times and product costs. We have developed strong relationships with a number of our key suppliers. If these suppliers experience supply chain issues, quality problems or part shortages, our production schedules could be significantly delayed, or our costs could significantly increase. 

Sales and Marketing

We market and sell products and services through our salesforce based in Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin, Canada, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, and the U.A.E., as well as through a full-time business consultant in Germany. Our corporate and administrative offices are located in San Diego, California. 

We sell directly to governments, militaries, large end-users, and commercial companies. We use independent representatives on a commission basis to assist in our direct sales efforts. We also use a channel distribution model, in which we sell our products directly to independent resellers and system integrators around the world, who then sell our(or integrate products (or our products integrated with other systems)systems and then sell) to end-user customers. We are focusing our internal business development resources on building relationships with governments and other large direct customers. In addition, we utilize part-time consultants with expertise in various government and defense sectors to advise us on procedures and budgetary policies in an effort to be successful in these areas. 

We have a global reputation for providing high quality, innovative voice broadcast systems and mobile alert solutions that have made Genasys and LRAD internationally recognized product brands. We actively promote our brands and products through our website, trade shows, and advertising. We intend to increase the use of our trademarks throughout our product distribution chain and believe growing brand awareness will assist in expanding our business. We believe our reputation for technological expertise, quality products, and strong service and support provide us competitive advantages.

Customer Concentration

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022,2023, one customer accounted for 68%54% of revenues, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021,2022, one customer accounted for 58%68% of revenues, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues.

Our revenues to date have relied on a few major customers. The loss of any customer could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. We have made progress diversifying our revenues and expect to continue to do so in future periods. 

Backlog

Our order backlog for products that are deliverable in the next 12 months was approximately $7.0 million as of September 30, 2023, compared with $21.7 million as of September 30, 2022, compared with $36.0 million as of September 30, 2021.2022. The amount of backlog at any point in time is dependent upon scheduled delivery dates to our customers and product lead times. Our backlog orders are supported by firm purchase orders. 

Warranties

We generally warrant our products to be free from material and workmanship defects for a period up to one year from the date of purchase. The warranty is generally a limited warranty, and in some instances imposes certain shipping costs on the customer. We generally provide direct warranty service, but at times we may establish warranty service through third parties.

We also provide repair and maintenance agreements and extended warranty contracts at market rates, with terms ranging from one year to several years, as an additional source of revenue and to provide increased customer satisfaction.

Competition

Our technologies and products compete with those of other companies. Our LRAD AHDs and advanced mass notification speakersACOUSTICS systems are part of the commercial and government audio industry and mass notification markets that are fragmented and include numerous manufacturers with products that vary widely in price, quality, and distribution channels. Present and potential competitors have, or may have, substantially greater resources to devote to product development. We believe we compete primarily on the originality of our products, the uniqueness of our technology and designs, and our responsiveness to customers and the ability to meet their needs. We believe the quality, reliability and superior performance of our products, which have been developed by incorporating feedback from our customers and our desire to provide the highest quality products, also provide us competitive advantages.

Our LRAD product line includes the leading long-range voice broadcast systems for military and other applications. Our AHD competitors include Ultra Electronics/USSI, IML Sound Commander and others. We do not believe these competitors have achieved significant global market penetration in the AHD market to date. We believe our LRAD product line has demonstrated acceptance, has performed extremely well in harsh environments, and can continue to compete on the basis of technical features, performance, ease of use, quality and cost. As we continue to grow this market, future competitors may enter, which could impact our competitiveness. 

Our advanced ACOUSTICS mass notification speakerssystems compete against several domestic and international companies, including Federal Signal, Whelen Engineering Company, Hoermann, and others. We believe our industry-leading voice intelligibility and area coverage, as well as our satellite connectivity and solar power options, provide key advantages that distinguish us from our competitors. When integrated with our GEMGenasys Protect command-and-control software to provide multiple remote activation and control options, we believe our mass notification speakers are among the most technologically advanced and easiest to operate in the world.

In the more mature and established critical communications and event management software markets, we compete against several competitors, including Everbridge, OnSolve, Rave Mobile Safety, and others. We believe our ability to unify sensors and IoT inputs with the multichannel, multiagency dissemination of geolocation-targeted alerts, notifications and instructions before, during, and after public safety and enterprise threats, critical events, and other crisis situations, gives us significant competitive advantages against these established organizations. Our reliable, fast, and intuitive solution for sending warnings and information via location-based SMS, CBC, mobile push, text, email, social media, TV, radio, digital displays, sirens and speaker arrays, and our platform’s compatibility with major emergency warning protocols, including IPAWS, WEA,Wireless Emergency Alerts (“WEA”), and others, provide additional competitive advantages. We believe the domestic and international markets for public safety, emergency warning, and critical communications are substantial and growing. 

Seasonality 

Because our sales are primarily to domestic and international government departments or agencies, our selling cycles tend to be long and difficult to forecast. We have not experienced any significant seasonality trends to date, but we may experience increased seasonality in the future. 

Government Regulation 

We are subject to a variety of government laws and regulations that apply to companies engaged in international operations, including, among others, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, U.S. Department of Commerce export controls, local government regulations and procurement policies and practices (including regulations relating to import-export control, investments, exchange controls, and repatriation of earnings). We maintain controls and procedures to comply with laws and regulations associated with our international operations. If we are unable to remain compliant with such laws and regulations, our business may be adversely affected. 

Our products are produced to comply with standard product safety requirements for sale in the U.S. and similar requirements for sale in Europe and Canada. We expect to meet the electrical and other regulatory requirements for electronic systems or components we sell throughout the world. 

Financial Information about Segments and Geographic Areas 

Financial information regarding our segments and the geographic areas in which we operate is contained in Note 18, Segment Information, and Note 19, Major Customers, Suppliers and Related Information to our consolidated financial statements.

Intellectual Property Rights and Proprietary Information

We operate in an industry where innovation, investment in new ideas, and protection of resulting intellectual property rights are important drivers of success. We rely on a variety of intellectual property protections for our products and technologies, including patent, trademark and trade secret laws, and contractual obligations. We pursue a policy of vigorously enforcing our intellectual property rights. 

In addition to such factors as innovation, technological expertise, and experienced personnel, we believe strong product offerings that are continually upgraded and enhanced will keep us competitive, and we seek patent protection on important technological improvements that we make. We have an ongoing policy of filing patent applications to seek protection for novel features of our products and technologies. Prior to the filing and granting of patents, our policy is to disclose key features to patent counsel and maintain these features as trade secrets prior to product introduction. Patent applications may not result in issued patents covering all-important claims and could be denied in their entirety. We also file for trade name and trademark protection when appropriate. We are the owner of several registered trademarks, many of which have earned worldwide brand recognition. 

Our policy is to enter into nondisclosure agreements with each employee and consultant or third party to whom any of our proprietary information is disclosed. These agreements prohibit the disclosure of confidential information to others, both during and subsequent to employment, or the duration of the working relationship. These agreements may not prevent disclosure of confidential information or provide adequate remedies for any breach. 

Research and Development

The software and sound reproduction markets are subject to rapid changes in technology and design with frequent improvements and new product introductions, as well as customized solutions for specific customer applications. We believe our future success will depend on our ability to enhance and improve existing technologies and to introduce new technologies and products on a competitive basis that meet the needs of our customers. Accordingly, we are continuing to invest in significant research and new product development activities. 

For the fiscal years ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, we spent approximately $7.0$8.1 million and $4.9$7.0 million, respectively, on company-sponsored research and development. Future levels of research and development expenditures will vary depending on the timing of further new product development and the availability of funds to carry on additional research and development on currently owned technologies or in other areas. 

Executive Officers and Board of Directors

The current executive officers and members of the Board of Directors of Genasys Inc. and their ages and business experience are set forth below. 

Richard S. Danforth, age 63,64, was appointed Chief Executive Officer in August 2016. Mr. Danforth formed the strategic business consulting firm, RsD Aero, Ltd., in 2014, which provided consulting services for the Defense, Aerospace, Space and Transportation sectors, with an emphasis on M&A and Transatlantic trade. He served at DRS Technologies as Group President of DRS Integrated Defense Systems & Service (2013 – 2014); Chief Executive Officer, President and Board Member of DRS Defense Solutions (2008 – 2012); President, Command Control & Communication (2005 – 2008); President, Navy Electronics & Intelligence Systems (2004 – 2005); and Executive Vice President, Electronics Systems Group (2002 – 2004). He began his career at Raytheon in 1982 and held various manufacturing, quality assurance and program manager positions until 1996. Mr. Danforth was then appointed Vice President of Operations for Raytheon Aircraft Company (1996 – 2000). In 2000, he was named Senior Vice President of Raytheon Aircraft Company’s Commercial Aircraft Business division, where he led a staff of 370 sales, marketing and customer service personnel. Mr. Danforth holds a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology from the University of Massachusetts Lowell and a Masters in Engineering Management from Western New England College.

Dennis D. Klahn, age 64,65, was appointed Chief Financial Officer in September 2017. Mr. Klahn has more than 30 years of accounting, finance and operations experience, which includes serving as Controller or CFO at publicly traded companies. He was most recently a Group Controller at Teledyne RD Instruments, a subsidiary of Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, between 2011 and August 2017. Prior to that role, he served as Controller or CFO at several companies including, ISE Corporation, Overland Storage, Inc., Anacomp, Inc., and International Lottery & Totalizator Systems, Inc. Mr. Klahn is a certified public accountant in Illinois and began his career as a Staff Accountant at Coopers & Lybrand after receiving his B.A. in Accounting from St. Ambrose University.

Richard H. Osgood III, age 68, has been a member of the Board since July 2013 and was appointed Chairman of our Board in November 2021. Mr. Osgood retired in 2012 after serving as Head of Equity Capital Markets for Wedbush Securities since January 2009. Mr. Osgood joined Wedbush Securities when it acquired Pacific Growth Equities, which Mr. Osgood founded in 1991. Mr. Osgood served in various capacities with Pacific Growth Equities prior to its acquisition, including President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chairman and Executive Chairman. Prior to founding Pacific Growth Equities, Mr. Osgood was the Head of Capital Markets, Sales and Trading at Volpe, Welty and Company, a company he also co-founded in 1986. Previously, Mr. Osgood held senior positions in institutional sales at Montgomery Securities, Rotan Mosely and Smith Barney. Mr. Osgood holds a B.A. in Psychology and a B.S. in Biology from the University of the South. Mr. Osgood’s capital markets and securities industry expertise, as well as his management and strategic experience qualify him to serve on our Board.

Scott L. Anchin, age 48, has been a member of the Board since March 2016. Mr. Anchin has served as the Chief Financial Officer of PF Franchisee Holdings, LLC since May 2022. From October 2018 to May 2022, Mr. Anchin was a partner at Meadow Hill Place, LLC, which provides management advisory services to growth stage companies. He also served as a Managing Director with Opportune LLP from March 2016 to October 2018, where he provided restructuring advisory services to companies and stakeholders in distressed situations. From 2009 to February 2016, Mr. Anchin was employed by Alvarez & Marsal North America, LLC, a global professional services firm specializing in turnaround and interim management and performance improvement. Mr. Anchin currently serves as a director of Kopin Corporation (Nasdaq: KOPN). He is a non-practicing Certified Public Accountant in the State of New York and holds a B.S. in Accounting from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania and an M.B.A. with a concentration in Management from Columbia Business School. Mr. Anchin’s accounting, management and restructuring experience and background, and his expertise in advising companies and stakeholders in difficult circumstances qualify him to serve on our Board.

Susan Lee Schmeiser, age 46, has been a member of the Board since September 2021. Ms. Lee has over 20 years of experience in digital marketing software, media, data analytics, and strategic partnerships. Ms. Lee has served as Group President of Digital Marketing & Technology Solutions at Vericast, a MacAndrews & Forbes company, since November 2020. Prior to her current position, from April 2020 to November 2020, Ms. Lee served as Chief Product Officer and Senior Executive Vice President at Vericast. From 2017 to 2020, Ms. Lee was Senior Vice President of Business Development and Strategy at Valassis, a leader in marketing technology and consumer engagement. From 2011 to 2017, Ms. Lee served as the Vice President of Corporate Development and Strategy of MaxPoint Interactive, Inc., which was acquired by Valassis after going public in 2017. Ms. Lee served as Vice President, Ad Sales Strategy at Univision from 2007 to 2011. She also held the role of Vice President at MTV Networks from 2004 to 2007. She began her career as a Financial Analyst in the Financial Sponsors Group of Morgan Stanley’s Investment Banking Division. Ms. Lee earned a B.A. in Economics from New York University and an M.B.A. in General Management from Harvard Business School. Ms. Lee’s leadership experience, and expertise in corporate development and strategy qualify her to serve on our Board.

Caltha Seymour, age 45, has been a member of the Board since September 2021. Ms. Seymour serves as Director of Global Business Development and Strategic Planning, Mission Systems Division, of Eaton Corporation, a diversified, multinational power management solutions company since 2016. From 2018 to 2021, Ms. Seymour was also the National Channel Manager for Eaton’s Industrial Control Division, where she was responsible for developing and executing $262M distribution channel partner sales and marketing strategic initiatives, as well as other programs to help cultivate sales growth and increase profitability. From 2016 to 2018, Ms. Seymour managed new product development, including a cross-functional role for Eaton’s $2.5B commercial vehicle product line. Prior to joining Eaton, Ms. Seymour leveraged her leadership and management skills in operations and consulting positions for the National Football League and the United States Military Academy at West Point. Ms. Seymour has earned a B.A. in Education Management from the University of Delaware, an M.S. in Sports Administration from Delaware State University, and a Global M.B.A. in International Business & Finance from Tulane University. Ms. Seymour’s extensive management experience, as well as her expertise in marketing, diverse business operations, and strategic initiatives qualify her to serve on our Board.

Human Capital

As of September 30, 2022,2023, we employed a total of 172187 full-time employees, of which 94105 were located in the United States and 7882 were located internationally. Our full-time employees include, 93include; 90 in engineering, 2227 in production, quality assurance and materials control, 1820 in general and administrative and 3950 in sales and marketing. We contract technical and production personnel from time to time on an as needed basis and use outside consultants for various services. In addition, we have an extensive worldwide network of independent representatives and resellers who actively market and sell our products. We have not experienced any work stoppages and are not a party to a collective bargaining agreement.

We are dedicated to preserving operational excellence and remaining an employer of choice. We provide and maintain a work environment that is designed to attract, develop, and retain top talent through offering our employees an engaging work experience that contributes to their career development. We recognize that our success is based on the collective talents and dedication of those we employ, and we are highly invested in their success.

COVID -19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or operations results for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, we monitor the developments and assess areas where there is potential for our business to be impacted. The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to manage it, including those by governmental authorities, have had, and could continue to have, an adverse effect on the economy. Disruptions in the supply chain have affected our ability to source and the cost of certain materials for some of our hardware products. We have managed these supply disruptions by sourcing comparable materials or redesigning product modules using more readily available parts. While we do not currently anticipate a material reduction in demand for our commercialized products, we could experience a decrease in new orders, which could negatively impact our revenues and reduce our liquidity and cash flows. The financial markets have been subject to significant volatility that could impact our ability to enter into, modify, and negotiate favorable terms and conditions relative to equity and debt financing activities. We have $12.7 million in cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2022, which we believe provides sufficient capital to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months, although liquidity constraints and access to capital markets could adversely impact our liquidity and warrant changes to our investment strategy. Any of the aforementioned circumstances, as well as other factors, may cause our results of operations to vary substantially from year to year and quarter to quarter.

Available Information 

Our shares of common stock trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “GNSS”. Our address is 16262 West Bernardo Drive, San Diego, California, 92127, our telephone number is 858-676-1112, and our website is located at www.genasys.com. We make available, free of charge through our website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, reports filed by our directors, executive officers and certain significant shareholders pursuant to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practical after the reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report nor is it part of this report.

Item1A. Risk Factors.

An investment in our company involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information included in this report, you should carefully consider the following risk factors in evaluating an investment in our company. You should consider these matters in conjunction with the other information included or incorporated by reference in this report. Our results of operations or financial condition could be seriously harmed, and the trading price of our common stock may decline due to any of these or other risks.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

General economic and political conditions may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition

Our operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic and political conditions and their impact on levels of capital investment and government spending. Global economic and political uncertainties and foreign currency rate fluctuations could adversely influence demand for our products leading to reduced levels of investments, reductions in government spending and budgets and changes in spending priorities and behavior.

Risks related to global economic instability, including global supply chain issues, inflation, labor costs, and fuel and energy costs, may affect the Company’s business.

The increasingly volatile global economic environment has created market uncertainty. A slowdown in the financial markets or other economic conditions, including but not limited to global supply chain issues, inflation, fuel and energy costs, freight costs, lack of available credit, interest rates, and tax rates, may adversely affect the Company’s growth and profitability.  Fluctuation of prices and availability of commodities and materials used in the manufacture of our products may affect the cost of operations.  In addition, increasing wage inflation and challenges hiring qualified personnel may impact our ability to meet customer demand. While we expect the impacts of market uncertainty and inflation could have an effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, we are unable to predict the extent or nature of these impacts at this time.

We may need additional capital for growth.

We may need additional capital to support our growth. While we expect to generate these funds from operations, we may not be able to do so. Principal factors that could affect the availability of our internally generated funds include:

•         product mix and effect on margins;

●

product mix and effect on margins; and

•         acceptance of our existing and future products in existing and new markets; and

•         impact of COVID-19 on global market conditions.

●

acceptance of our existing and future products in existing and new markets.

Should we require additional funds, general market conditions or the then-current market price of our common stock may not support capital raising transactions and any such financing may require advance approval of our stockholders under the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. Our ability to obtain financing may be further constrained by prevailing economic conditions. We may be required to reduce costs, including the scaling back of research and development into new products, which could have a negative impact on our ability to compete and to innovate. If we raise additional funds by selling additional shares of our capital stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock (assuming we are able to obtain additional financing), the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, which could have a material negative impact on the market value of our common stock.

We have historically had a high concentration of revenues from a limited number of customers. We expect to continue to be dependent on a limited number of customers.

In fiscal year 2022,2023, one customer that accounted for 68%54% of revenues and no other customers accounted for more than 10% of revenues. Historically, our revenues have been dependent upon a limited number of customers, and we expect that we will continue to have some significant customers in future years. We do not have long-term purchase commitments with these or other significant customers, and our customers have the right to cease doing business with us at any time. Military contracts that we have been awarded have terms of indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity during the term of the contract, so there are no guaranteed purchases under these contracts. No assurance can be given that these or other customers will continue to do business with us or that they will maintain their historical levels of business. If our relationship with any material customer were to cease, then our revenues would decline and negatively impact our results of operations. Any such decline could result in us increasing our accumulated deficit and a need to raise additional capital to fund our operations. If our expectations regarding future sales are inaccurate, we may be unable to reduce costs in a timely manner to adjust for sales shortfalls.

Disruption and fluctuations in financial and currency markets could have a negative effect on our business.

Financial markets in the U.S., Europe, and Asia have experienced extreme volatility and uncertainty in recent years. Governments have taken unprecedented actions intended to address these market conditions. It is difficult to assess the extent to which these conditions have impacted our business, and the affect this has had on certain of our customers and suppliers. These economic developments affect businesses such as ours in a number of ways. Any tightening of credit in financial markets may adversely affect the ability of commercial customers to finance purchases and operations and could result in a decrease in orders and spending for our products as well as create supplier disruptions. Reductions in tax revenues, rating downgrades and other economic developments could also reduce future government spending on our products. There can be no assurance that there will not be further volatility and uncertainty in financial markets, which can then lead to challenges in the operation of our business. We are unable to predict the likely effects that negative economic conditions will have on our business and financial condition.

We purchase a number of key components and sub-assemblies from foreign suppliers. Consequently, we are subject to the impact economic conditions can have on such suppliers and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Increases in our cost of purchasing these items could negatively impact our financial results if we are not able to pass these increased costs on to our customers.

We have current government contracts, and our future growth is dependent, in large part, on continued sales to U.S. and international governments and businesses that sell to governments.

In fiscal year 2022,2023, direct and indirect sales to the U.S. government accounted for approximately 71%59% of our total net sales, compared with 68%71% of our total net sales in fiscal year 2021,2022, and 64%68% in fiscal year 2020.2021. Changes in defense spending could have an adverse effect on our current and future revenues. Sales of our products to U.S. government agencies and organizations are subject to the overall U.S. government budget and congressional appropriation decisions and processes which are driven by numerous factors, including geo-political events and macroeconomic conditions, and are beyond our control. Even awards granted may not result in orders due to spending constraints. Similar issues apply to sales to international governments. We have no assurance that military interest in communication devices to minimize unnecessary use of force will continue or will provide future growth opportunities for our business.

The conflict between Russia and UkraineWorldwide armed conflicts and the related implications may negatively impact our operations.

In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. As a result,Current conflicts around the U.S.world, including Ukraine and certain other countries have imposedIsrael, and related sanctions on Russia and could impose further sanctions, as well as potential retaliatory actions by Russia, that could damage or disrupt international commerce and the global economy. It is not possible to predict the broader or longer-term consequences of this conflictthese conflicts or the impact of sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, security conditions, currency exchange rates, and financial markets. Such geopolitical instability and uncertainty could have a negative impact on our ability to sell, ship products, collect payments, and support customers in certain regions based on trade restrictions, embargoes and export control law restrictions, supply disruptions, and logistics restrictions, including closures of air space, and could increase the costs, risks and adverse impacts from supply chain and logistics challenges.  Given the evolving nature of this conflict,these conflicts, the related sanctions, potential governmental actions and economic impact, such potential impacts remain uncertain. While we expect the impacts of the conflict between Russia and Ukrainethese conflicts could have an effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, we are unable to predict the extent or nature of these impacts at this time.

Our future success depends on our ability to execute our business strategy, and to continue to innovate and improve our existing products as well as design and produce new products to provide protective communications solutions.

Our future success significantly depends on our ability to execute our business strategy, continue to innovate, improve our existing products, and design, develop, and produce innovative new products and solutions, including those that may incorporate, or are based upon artificial intelligence technology. Product design, development, innovation and enhancement is often a complex, time-consuming and costly process involving significant investment in research and development with no assurance of return on investment. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and introduce new and improved products in a timely or efficient manner or that new and improved products, if developed, will achieve market acceptance. Our products generally must conform to various evolving and sometimes competing industry standards, which may adversely affect our ability to compete in certain markets or require us to incur significant costs. In addition, our customers generally impose very high quality and reliability standards on our products, which often change and may be difficult or costly to satisfy. Any inability to satisfy customer quality and reliability standards or comply with industry standards and technical requirements may adversely affect demand for our products and our results of operations.

We must expand our customer base in order to grow our business.

To grow our business, in addition to continuing to obtain additional orders from our existing customers, we must develop relationships with new customers and obtain and fulfill orders from new customers. We are competing against a number of large competitors in the mass notification market, and we need to establish our product offerings as competitive to win awards against these competitors, increase our customer base and gain market share. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to increase our customer base. Further, even if we do obtain new customers, we cannot guarantee that those customers will purchase from us in sufficient quantities or at product prices that will enable us to recover our costs in acquiring those customers and fulfilling those orders. Whether we will be able to sell more of our products will depend on a number of factors, including:

We may not be able to successfully integrate acquisitions in the future, and we may not be able to realize anticipated cost savings, revenue enhancements, or other synergies from such acquisitions.

On January 18, 2018, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Genasys Holding S.L. (“Genasys Spain”), on October 2, 2020, we acquired substantially all of the assets and business of Amika Mobile Corporation (“Amika Mobile”) and, on June 7, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Zonehaven Inc. (“Zonehaven”) and on October 4, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Evertel Technologies (“Evertel”). Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and achieve targeted financial results and other benefits including, among other things, greater market presence and development, and enhancements to our product portfolio and customer base, is dependent on our ability to successfully identify, consummate and integrate acquisitions, including Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven and Zonehaven,Evertel, as well as other businesses we may acquire in the future. We may not realize the intended benefits of the Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven or ZonehavenEvertel acquisitions, or the acquisition of other businesses in the future as rapidly as, or to the extent, anticipated by our management. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully integrate the Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven or ZonehavenEvertel businesses or any other acquired businesses, products or technologies without substantial expenses, delays or other operational or financial problems. Acquisitions, including our acquisition of Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven and Zonehaven,Evertel, involve a number of risks, some or all which could have a material adverse effect on our acquired businesses, products or technologies. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven and ZonehavenEvertel businesses or any other acquired business, product, or technology will be profitable or achieve anticipated revenues and income. Our failure to manage our acquisition and integration strategy successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The process of integrating an acquired business involves risks, including but not limited to:

Failure to successfully integrate Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven, Evertel, or any other acquired business in the future may result in reduced levels of anticipated revenue, earnings, or operating efficiency than might have been achieved if we had not acquired such businesses.

In addition, the acquisition of Genasys Spain, Amika Mobile, Zonehaven, Evertel and any future businesses could result in the incurrence of additional debt and related interest expense, contingent liabilities, and amortization expenses related to intangible assets, as well as the issuance of our common stock, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating results, and cash flow.

Perceptions that long-range hailing devices are unsafe or may be used in an abusive manner may hurt sales of our products, which could cause our revenues to decline.

Potential customers for our products, including government, military, and emergency response agencies, may be influenced by claims or perceptions that long-range hailing devices are unsafe or may be used in an abusive manner. These claims or perceptions, which we believe are unsubstantiated, could reduce our product sales.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our core product category.

We are dependent on our core directional product category to generate our revenues. While we have expanded our product offering to include omnidirectional products and SaaS systems and solutions, no assurance can be given that our core directional products will continue to have market acceptance or that they will maintain their historical levels of sales. The loss or reduction of sales of this product category could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

We may not successfully penetrate the mass notification market.

The mass notification market is substantial in size and projected to grow globally over the next five years. While there are a number of large companies already established in this market, we believe our unique SaaS systems and solutions, the clear, intelligible voice capability of our Genasys speaker products, and our unified software/hardware platform provide us with competitive advantages. Based on the increase in global public safety and enterprise threats, we continue to invest in marketing, selling, and software development resources to become successful in this growing market. However, we are competing against established competitors that have greater resources and have successfully penetrated the market.

Our margins could be impacted as we expand into the emergency response and mass notification market.

Our sales strategy for fiscal year 20232024 and beyond is to increase our share of the growing emergency response and mass notification market with our critical communicationsProtective Communications solutions. A number of large companies currently have a substantial share of the market. While we believe we have a strong product platform that can successfully compete against these larger players, given the highly competitive environment, we expect to confront pricing pressures, which may negatively impact our overall margins.

We may incur significant and unpredictable warranty costs.

Our products are substantially different from proven, mass produced sound transducer designs and are often employed in harsh environments. We may incur substantial and unpredictable warranty costs from post-production product or component failures. We generally warrant our products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period up to one year from the date of purchase. We also sell extended repair and maintenance contracts with terms ranging from one to several years, which provide repair and maintenance services after expiration of the original limited warranty. As of September 30, 2022,2023, we had a warranty reserve of $0.1 million. While our warranty experience with our product line has been favorable, as we build more complexity into the product, and as we expand our supplier base, issues could arise that could affect future warranty costs, which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and business prospects.

System disruptions and security threats to our computer networks, including breach of our or our customers’ confidential information, could have a material adverse effect on our business and our reputation.

Our computer systems as well as those of our service providers are vulnerable to interruption, malfunction or damage due to events beyond our control, including malicious human acts committed by foreign or domestic persons, natural disasters, and network and communications failures. We periodically perform vulnerability self-assessments and engage service providers to perform independent vulnerability assessments and penetration tests. However, despite network security measures, our servers and the servers at our service providers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses, malicious code, organized cyberattacks, and other security problems and system disruptions. Increasing socioeconomic and political instability in some countries has heightened these risks. Despite the precautions we and our service providers have taken, our systems may still be vulnerable to these threats. A user who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions or malfunctions in operations.

Additionally, the confidential information that we collect subjects us to additional risks and costs that could harm our business and our reputation. We collect, retain and use personal information of our employees, including personally identifiable information, tax return information, financial data, bank account information, and other data. Although we employ various network and business security measures to limit access to and use of such personal information, we cannot guarantee that a third party will not circumvent such security measures, resulting in the breach, loss or theft of the personal information of our employees. Possession and use of personal information in our operations also subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens that could restrict our use of personal information and require notification of data breaches. A violation of any laws or regulations relating to the collection, retention or use of personal information could also result in the imposition of fines or lawsuits against us.

Sustained or repeated system failures or security breaches that interrupt our ability to process information in a timely manner or that result in a breach of proprietary or personal information could have a material adverse effect on our operations and our reputation. Although we maintain insurance in respect of these types of events, available insurance proceeds may not be adequate to compensate us for damages sustained due to these events.

We could incur additional charges for excess and obsolete inventory.

While we strive to effectively manage our inventory, rapidly changing technology and uneven customer demand may result in short product cycles. The value of our inventory may be adversely affected by changes in technology that affect our ability to sell the products in our inventory. If we do not effectively forecast and manage our inventory, we may need to write off inventory as excess or obsolete, which in turn can adversely affect cost of sales and gross profit.

We have previously experienced, and may in the future experience, reductions in sales of older generation products as customers delay or defer purchases in anticipation of new product introductions. We have established reserves for slow moving or obsolete inventory of $0.9$0.8 million as of September 30, 2022.2023. The reserves we have established for potential losses due to obsolete inventory may, however, prove to be inadequate and may give rise to additional charges for obsolete or excess inventory.

Many potential competitors who have greater resources and experience than we do may develop products and technologies that make ours obsolete or inferior.

Technological competition from larger, more established electronic and loudspeaker manufacturers and software providers is expected to increase. Most of the companies with which we expect to compete have substantially greater capital resources, research and development staffs, marketing and distribution programs, and facilities, and many of them have substantially greater experience in the production and marketing of products. In addition, one or more of our competitors may have developed, or may succeed in developing, technologies and products that are more effective than ours, rendering our technology and products obsolete or noncompetitive.

Adverse resolution of disputes, litigation and claims may harm our business, operating results or financial condition.

We may become a party to litigation, disputes, and claims in the normal course of our business. Litigation is by its nature uncertain and unpredictable and there can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of such claims will not exceed the amounts accrued for such claims, if any. Litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations. An unfavorable resolution of a legal matter could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

Our competitive position will be seriously damaged if we cannot protect intellectual property rights and trade secrets in our technology.

We rely on a combination of contracts, trademarks, and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology. However, we may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property, and our competitors may be able to independently develop competing technologies, or the agreements we enter into may not be enforceable. A competitor may independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent to, or superior to, our technology. If this happens, our competitive position could be significantly harmed.

We may face personal injury and other liability claims that harm our reputation and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

While our products have been engineered to reduce the risk of damage to human hearing or human health, we could be exposed to claims of hearing damage if the product is not properly operated. A person injured in connection with the use of our products may bring legal action against us to recover damages on the basis of theories, including personal injury, negligent design, dangerous product or inadequate warning. We may also be subject to lawsuits involving allegations of misuse of our products. Our product liability insurance coverage may be insufficient to pay all such claims. Product liability insurance may also become too costly for us or may become unavailable to us in the future. We may not have sufficient resources to satisfy any product liability claims not covered by insurance, which would materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Significant litigation could also result in negative publicity and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

Our international operations could be harmed by factors including political instability, natural disasters, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, and changes in regulations that govern international transactions.

We sell our products worldwide. In fiscal years 20222023 and 2021,2022, revenues outside of the U.S. accounted for approximately 15%22% and 19%15% of net revenues, respectively. The risks inherent in international trade may reduce our international sales and harm our business and the businesses of our customers and our suppliers. These risks include:

These and other risks may preclude or curtail international sales or increase the relative price of our products compared to those manufactured in other countries, reducing the demand for our products. Failure to comply with U.S. and foreign governmental laws and regulations applicable to international business, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or U.S. export control regulations, could have an adverse impact on our business with the U.S. and foreign governments.

Current environmental laws, or laws enacted in the future, may harm our business.

Our operations are subject to environmental regulation in areas in which we conduct business. Our product design and procurement operations must comply with new and future requirements relating to the materials composition of our products, including restrictions on lead, cadmium, and other substances. We do not expect that the impact of these environmental laws and other similar legislation adopted in the U.S. and other countries will have a substantial unfavorable impact on our business. However, the costs and timing of costs under environmental laws are difficult to predict.

Errors or defects contained in our products, failure to comply with applicable safety standards or a product recall could result in delayed shipments or rejection of our products, damage to our reputation, and expose us to regulatory or other legal action.

Any defects or errors in the operation of our products may result in delays in their introduction. In addition, errors or defects may be uncovered after commercial shipments have begun, which could result in the rejection of our products by our customers, damage to our reputation, lost sales, diverted development resources, and increased customer service and support costs and warranty claims, any of which could harm our business. Third parties could sustain injuries from our products, and we may be subject to claims or lawsuits resulting from such injuries. There is a risk that these claims or liabilities may exceed, or fall outside the scope of, our insurance coverage. We may also be unable to obtain adequate liability insurance in the future. Because we are a smaller company, a product recall would be particularly harmful to us because we have limited financial and administrative resources to effectively manage a product recall and it would detract management’s attention from implementing our core business strategies. A significant product defect or product recall could materially and adversely affect our brand image, causing a decline in our sales, and could reduce or deplete our financial resources.

Costs associated with our multi-year maintenance contract with a foreign military customer could be higher than expected.

We are obligated under a five-year repair and maintenance agreement with a foreign military. We have contracted with a third party service provider to administer the required services under the terms of the maintenance agreement. The revenue from the maintenance agreement with our customer is fixed and paid annually upon completion of each year through May 2024. It is possible that the cost to repair and maintain the products and the cost to contract with our third party service provider could exceed the revenue generated by the maintenance agreement.

We rely on outside manufacturers and suppliers to provide a large number of components and sub-assemblies incorporated in our products, and the ability of these manufacturers and suppliers to deliver components to our manufacturing facilities, and our ability to manufacture without disruption, could affect our results of operations.

Our products are made from a wide range of materials and have a large number of components and sub-assemblies (including semiconductors and other electronic components) produced by numerous outside suppliers around the world. Because not all of our supply arrangements provide for guaranteed supply and some key parts may be available only from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers, we are subject to supply and pricing risk. Our operations and those of our suppliers are subject to disruption for a variety of reasons, including COVID-19-relatedpandemic related supplier plant shutdowns or slowdowns, transportation delays, work stoppages, labor relations, labor shortages, price inflation, governmental regulatory and enforcement actions, intellectual property claims against suppliers, financial issues such as supplier bankruptcy, information technology failures, and hazards such as fire, earthquakes, flooding, or other natural disasters. For example, we expect to continue to be impacted by the following supply chain issues, due to economic, political and other factors largely beyond our control: increased input material costs and component shortages; supply chain disruptions and delays and cost inflation, all of which could continue or escalate in the future. The effects of climate change, including extreme weather events, long-term changes in temperature levels, water availability, increased cost for decarbonizing process heating, supply costs impacted by increasing energy costs, or energy costs impacted by carbon prices or offsets may exacerbate these risks. If these disruptions occur, or if we experience quality problems with suppliers, then our production schedules could be significantly delayed or costs significantly increased, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations, and financial position.

Although we assemble our products internally, we have some sub-assemblies and components produced by third party manufacturers. We may be required to outsource manufacturing if sales of our products increase significantly. We may be unable to obtain acceptable manufacturing sources on a timely basis. In addition, from time to time we may change manufacturers and any new manufacturer engaged by us may not perform as expected. An extended interruption in the supply of our products could result in a substantial loss of sales. Furthermore, any actual or perceived degradation of product quality as a result of our reliance on third party manufacturers may have an adverse effect on sales or result in increased warranty costs, product returns, and buybacks. Failure to maintain quality manufacturing could reduce future revenues, adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.

Material supply disruptions and delays in deliveries, along with other factors such as price inflation, can also result in increased pricing. While many of our customers permit quarterly or other periodic adjustments to pricing based on changes in component prices and other factors, we may bear the risk of price increases that occur between any such repricing or, if such repricing is not permitted, during the balance of the term of the particular customer contract.

We derive revenue from government contracts and subcontracts, which are often non-standard, may involve competitive bidding, may be subject to cancellation with or without penalty, and may produce volatility in earnings and revenue.

Our sales to government customers have involved, and are expected in the future to involve, providing products and services under contracts or subcontracts with U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign government agencies. Obtaining contracts and subcontracts from government agencies is challenging, and contracts often include provisions that are not standard in private commercial transactions. For example, government contracts may:

Securing government contracts can be a protracted process involving competitive bidding. In many cases, unsuccessful bidders may challenge contract awards, which can lead to increased costs, delays, and possible loss of the contract for the winning bidder.

Our success is dependent on the performance of our executive team, and the cooperation, performance, and retention of our executive officers and key employees.

Our business and operations are substantially dependent on the performance of our current executive team including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. We do not maintain “key person” life insurance on any of our executive officers. The loss of one or several key employees could seriously harm our business. We cannot assure that employees will not leave and subsequently compete against us.

We are also dependent on our ability to retain and motivate high quality personnel, especially sales and skilled engineering personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain other highly qualified managerial, sales, and technical personnel in the future. The inability to attract and retain the necessary managerial, sales and technical personnel could cause our business, operating results or financial condition to suffer.

Risks Related to Our Financial Statements and Operating Results

We do not have the ability to accurately predict future operating results. Our quarterly and annual revenues are likely to fluctuate significantly due to many factors, most of which are beyond our control and could result in our failure to achieve our revenue expectations.

We expect our proprietary acoustic products, software products, and integrated solutions will be the source of substantially all our revenues for at least the near future. Revenues from these products and solutions are expected to vary significantly due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Any one or more of the factors listed below or other factors could cause us to fail to achieve our revenue expectations. These factors include:

Some or all of these factors could adversely affect demand for our products or technologies, and therefore adversely affect our future operating results.

Most of our operating expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. We may be unable to rapidly adjust spending to compensate for any unexpected sales shortfalls, which could harm our quarterly operating results. We do not have the ability to predict future operating results with any certainty.

Changes in laws or regulations or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement could adversely impact our financial performance and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies.

New laws, regulations and standards, or changes in existing laws or regulations or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement, could increase our cost of doing business and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies. This includes, among other things, compliance costs and enforcement under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd Frank Act”), XBRL interactive SEC filings, new SEC regulations, and NASDAQ Stock Market rules. For example, under Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC has adopted additional disclosure requirements related to the source of certain “conflict minerals” for issuers for which such “conflict minerals” are necessary to the functionality or production of a product manufactured, or contracted to be manufactured, by that issuer. The metals covered by the rules include tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold, commonly referred to as “3TG.” Our suppliers may use some or all of these materials in their production processes. The rules require us to conduct a reasonable country of origin inquiry to determine if we know or have reason to believe any of the minerals used in the production process may have originated from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or an adjoining country. If we are not able to determine the minerals did not originate from a covered country or conclude that there is no reason to believe that the minerals used in the production process may have originated in a covered country, we would be required to perform supply chain due diligence on members of our supply chain. Global supply chains can have multiple layers, thus the costs of complying with these new requirements could be substantial. These new requirements may also reduce the number of suppliers who provide conflict free metals and may affect our ability to obtain products in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Compliance costs and the unavailability of raw materials could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We continually evaluate and monitor developments with respect to new and proposed rules and cannot predict or estimate the amount of the additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These new or changed laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all acts of fraud.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management and is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Our management expects that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, they cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been prevented or detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by an unauthorized override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in a cost effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could harm stockholder and business confidence in our financial reporting, our ability to obtain financing, and other aspects of our business.

Maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC require us to include in our Form 10-K a report by management regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The report includes, among other things, an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the respective fiscal year, including a statement as to whether or not our internal control over financial reporting is effective. This assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by management. While our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2022,2023, it is possible that material weaknesses will be identified in the future. In addition, components of our internal control over financial reporting may require improvement from time to time. If management is unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective in any future period, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s stock price.

Risks Related to Our Capital Stock

Sales of common stock issuable on the exercise of outstanding options, may depress the price of our common stock.

As of September 30, 2022,2023, we had outstanding options granted to our employees, consultants, advisors, and directors to purchase 3,940,8992,904,522 shares of our common stock and we had 343,175379,597 restricted stock units outstanding. As of September 30, 2022,2023, the exercise prices for the options ranged from $1.31$1.51 to $8.03 per share. The issuance of shares of common stock upon the exercise of outstanding options and the release of outstanding restricted stock units could cause substantial dilution to holders of our common stock, and the sale of those shares in the market could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. The potential dilution from these shares could negatively affect the terms on which we could obtain equity financing.

We may issue preferred stock in the future, and the terms of the preferred stock may reduce the value of your common stock.

We are authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our board of directors may determine the terms of future preferred stock offerings without further action by our stockholders. If we issue preferred stock, it could affect the rights or reduce the value of our common stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with or sell our assets to a third party. These terms may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion and redemption rights, and sinking fund provisions.

Our stock price is volatile and may continue to be volatile in the future.

The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly to date. In the future, the market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations due to general market conditions and in response to quarter-to-quarter variations in:

The stock market in recent years has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many technology companies, and that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies.

None.

Our executive offices, sales, research and development and production facilities are located at 16262 West Bernardo Drive, San Diego, California. The lease of 55,766 square feet commenced July 1, 2018 and expires August 31, 2028. The aggregate monthly payments, with abatements, are $81 thousand, $84 thousand, $86 thousand, $89 thousand, $92 thousand and $94 thousand per month for the fifthsixth through tenth years of the lease, respectively, plus other certain costs and charges as specified in the lease agreement, including the Company’s proportionate share of the building operating expenses and real estate taxes.

We may at times be involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business. We will also, from time to time, when appropriate in management’s estimation, record adequate reserves in our financial statements for pending litigation.

Not applicable.

PART II

Market Information

Our common stock is traded and quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “GNSS.” The market for our common stock has often been sporadic and limited.

The following table sets forth the high and low reported sales prices for our common stock for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: