•Growth-Oriented, Flexible and Conservative Capital Structure. We have remained well-capitalized since our IPO, including through 1416 offerings (including two public offerings of 8.375% Seriesseries B Cumulative Preferred Stock, ten public offerings of our common stock, one private placement of our common stock and onethree public offeringofferings of senior notes) and continuous offerings under our at-the-market (“ATM”) program for aggregate total proceeds of approximately $3.81$4.7 billion (before underwriters’ discounts and transaction costs) as of December 31, 2017.2020. Available cash on hand and our unsecured credit facility provide us with a significant amount of capital to pursue acquisitions and execute our growth strategy while maintaining a flexible and conservative capital structure. As of December 31, 2017, we had total borrowing capacity of approximately $400.0 million under our unsecured revolving credit facility, $100.0 million of which had been drawn. Based on the closing price of our common stock of $34.25 on December 31, 2017, we had a debt-to-market capitalization ratio (counting Series A preferred units in our operating partnership, or Series A preferred units, as debt) of approximately 31.2%. We believe our access to capital and flexible and conservative capital structure provide us with an advantage over many of our private and public competitors as we look to take advantage of growth opportunities. As of December 31, 2020, we had total borrowing capacity of approximately $600.0 million under our unsecured revolving credit facility, none of which has been drawn, and we have the ability to draw up to $414.6 million under our construction loan secured by our One Westside and 10850 Pico properties, $106.1 million of which has been drawn. We believe our access to capital and flexible and conservative capital structure provide us with an advantage over many of our private and public competitors as we look to take advantage of growth opportunities. Based on the closing price of our common stock of $24.02 on December 31, 2020, we had a debt-to-market capitalization ratio (counting series A preferred units in our operating partnership, or series A preferred units, as debt) of approximately 48.2%.
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We have access to and are actively pursuing a pipeline of potential acquisitions consistent with our investment strategy. We believe our significant expertise in operating in the Northern and Southern California, andthe Pacific Northwest and Western Canada office sectors and extensive, long-term relationships with real estate owners, developers and lenders, coupled with our conservative capital structure and access to capital, will allow us to capitalize on current market opportunities.
Competition
We compete with a number of developers, owners and operators of office and commercial real estate, many of which own properties similar to ours in the same markets in which our properties are located and some of which have greater financial resources than we do. In operating and managing our portfolio, we compete for tenants based on a number of factors, including location, rental rates, security, flexibility and expertise to design space to meet prospective tenants’ needs and the manner in which our properties are operated, maintained and marketed. As leases at our properties expire, we may encounter significant competition to renew or re-let space in light of competing properties within the markets in which we operate. As a result, we may be required to provide rent concessions or abatements, incur charges for tenant improvements and other inducements, including early termination rights or below-market renewal options, or we may not be able to timely lease vacant space. In that case, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.
We also face competition when pursuing acquisition and disposition opportunities. Our competitors may be able to pay higher property acquisition prices, may have private access to acquisition opportunities not available to us and may otherwise be in a better position to acquire a property. Competition may also increase the price required to consummate an acquisition opportunity and generally reduce the demand for commercial office space in our markets. Likewise, competition
with sellers of similar properties to locate suitable purchasers may result in us receiving lower proceeds from a sale or in us not being able to dispose of a property at a time of our choosing due to the lack of an acceptable return.
For further discussion of the potential impact of competitive conditions on our business, see Item 1A “Risk Factors.”
Segment and Geographic Financial Information
We report our results of operations through two segments: (i) office properties and (ii) media and entertainmentstudio properties. As of December 31, 2017,For information about our segments, refer to Part IV, Item 15(a) “Financial Statement Schedules—Note 15 to the office properties reporting segment included 51 properties, totaling approximately 13.3 million square feet strategically located in many of our target markets, while the media and entertainment reporting segment included three properties, totaling approximately 1.2 million square feet.Consolidated Financial Statements—Segment Reporting.”
All of our business is conducted in Northern and Southern California, and the Pacific Northwest.Northwest and Western Canada. For information aboutfurther detail regarding our revenues and othergeographic financial information, see our consolidated financial statements included in this report and Part II,refer to Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations.2 “Properties.”
Principal Executive Offices
Our principal executive offices are located at 11601 Wilshire Blvd., Ninth Floor, Los Angeles, California 90025 and our telephone number is (310) 445-5700. We believe that our current facilities are adequate for our present operations.
Regulation
General
Our properties are subject to various covenants, laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire and safety requirements. We believe that each of the properties in our portfolio have the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.
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Americans with Disabilities Act
Our properties located in the United States must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We have developed and undertaken continuous capital improvement programs at certainvarious properties, in the past. Thesesome of which have included ADA-related modifications. As capital improvement programs will continue to progress, and certain ADA upgrades will continue to be integrated into the planned improvements, specifically at the media and entertainmentstudio properties where we are able to utilize in-house construction crews to minimize costs for required ADA-related improvements. However, some of our properties may currently be in noncompliance with the ADA. Such noncompliance could result in the incurrence of additional costs to attain compliance, the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, as a current or former owner or operator of real property, we may be liable for costs and damages resulting from the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances, waste or petroleum products at, on, in, under, or migrating from such property, including costs to investigate and clean up such contamination and liability for natural resources. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such contamination, and the liability may be joint and several. These liabilities could be substantial and the cost of any required remediation, removal, fines, or other costs could exceed the value of the property and/or our aggregate assets. In addition, the presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may expose us to third-party liability for costs of remediation and/or personal or property damage or materially adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop our properties or to borrow using the
properties as collateral. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which the property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures.
Some of our properties contain, have contained, or are adjacent to or near other properties that have contained or currently contain storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Similarly, some of our properties were used in the past for commercial or industrial purposes, or are currently used for commercial purposes, that involve or involved the use of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances, or are adjacent to or near properties that have been or are used for similar commercial or industrial purposes. As a result, some of our properties have been or may be impacted by contamination arising from the release of such hazardous substances or petroleum products. Where we have deemed appropriate, we have taken steps to address identified contamination or mitigate risks associated with such contamination; however, we are unable to ensure that further actions will not be necessary. As a result of the foregoing, we could potentially incur material liabilities.
Independent environmental consultants have conducted Phase I Environmental Site Assessments at all of our properties located in the properties in our portfolioUnited States using the American Society for Testing and Materials (“ASTM”) Practice E 1527-05. A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment is a report prepared for real estate holdings that identifies potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities. Site assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. These assessments do not generally include soil samplings, subsurface investigations or asbestos or lead surveys. None of the recent site assessments identified any known past or present contamination that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, assets or operations. However, the assessments are limited in scope and may have failed to identify all environmental conditions or concerns. A prior owner or operator of a property or historic operations at our properties may have created a material environmental condition that is not known to us or the independent consultants preparing the site assessments. Material environmental conditions may have arisen after the review was completed or may arise in the future, and future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material additional environmental liability.
Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos-containing building materials (“ACBM”) or lead-based paint (“LBP”) and may impose fines and penalties for failure to comply with these requirements or expose us to third party liability (e.g., liability for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos). Such laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing ACBM and LBP (and employers in such buildings) properly manage and maintain the asbestos and lead, adequately notify or train those who may come into contact with asbestos or lead, and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos or lead would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building. Some of our properties contain ACBM and/or LBP and we could be liable for such damages, fines or penalties.
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In addition, the properties in our portfolio also are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety requirements, such as state and local fire requirements. Moreover, some of our tenants routinely handle and use hazardous or regulated substances and waste as part of their operations at our properties, which are subject to regulation. Such environmental and health and safety laws and regulations could subject us or our tenants to liability resulting from these activities. Environmental liabilities could affect a tenant’s ability to make rental payments to us. In addition, changes in laws could increase the potential liability for noncompliance. We sometimes require our tenants to comply with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations and to indemnify us for any related liabilities. But in the event of the bankruptcy or inability of any of our tenants to satisfy such obligations, we may be required to satisfy such obligations. In addition, we may be held directly liable for any such damages or claims regardless of whether we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence or disposal of hazardous or toxic substances or waste and irrespective of tenant lease provisions. The costs associated with such liability could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on us.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources, and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our tenants, employees of our tenants or others if property damage or personal injury occurs. We are not presently aware of any material adverse indoor air quality issues at our properties.
Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)
ESG Commitment
Our ESG platform, Better BlueprintTM, is informed by decades of experience and Givingwhat we believe to be best practices across every aspect of real estate. Better BlueprintTM brings to life our vision of vibrant, thriving urban spaces and places built for the long term. Its principles and objectives provide a common thread that authentically guides our work and relations with tenants, employees, investors and partners. Through this program, we aim to foster the growth of sustainable, healthy and equitable cities—vibrant cities, today and in the future.
Sustainable: Minimizing our Footprint
We are committed to high performance sustainable operations. Allleadership in sustainability—whether designing a new property, reimagining a dated building, or managing our existing portfolio. Our sustainability initiatives focus specifically on carbon and energy and waste and water. In 2020, we met our goal to achieve net zero carbon across operations and achieved this five years ahead of schedule, making us one of the first large real estate organizations in the world to go fully carbon neutral. While we continue to reduce our energy use through innovative, tech-enabled solutions, we are also focused on reducing the carbon embodied in our building materials like steel and concrete and achieving our goal to be net zero waste by 2025.
Our 2020 achievements include:
•100% of properties are net zero carbon across all operations;
•100% of properties use renewable electricity;
•100% of (re)developments and major repositionings adhere to our Sustainable Design Vision, which includes a commitment to obtaining a minimum of LEED Gold certification on all projects;
•80% of our in-service office properties are benchmarked in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’sportfolio is LEED certified and 71% is ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager, with 50%certified; and
•99% of theour in-service office portfolio achieving an ENERGY STAR certification,has recycling services and all developments are or will be Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (“LEED”) certified. We are keenly focused on developing and operating innovative, energy and water efficient world class properties that also incorporate robust recycling and green cleaning best practices. In keeping with our continuous process improvement approach, in 2017 we developed and began implementing a Sustainability Strategic Plan to ensure the appropriate evolution of sustainability execution, with a focus on ways to drive positive financial and environmental outcomes for shareholders, tenants, employees and the communities in which we invest.71% has composting services.
Healthy: Healthy Buildings, Healthy Lives
We are also committedaim to corporate social responsibility as part ofset our cultureproperties apart by providing safe environments that promote wellness and value proposition to stakeholders. We uphold the highest business ethics, are committed to best-in-class standards for the health and safetyresilience for our employees, tenants and service provider partners,neighbors. Our healthy buildings initiatives focus specifically on Building Design and Operations and Community Engagement. We are a Fitwel Champion, committed to the healthy building principles outlined in Fitwel’s evidence-based certification framework developed in partnership with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and we were one of the first major North American landlords to achieve portfolio-wide certification under Fitwel’s Viral Response Module (“VRM”). We also have developed a comprehensive Healthy Building Checklist, which our entire in-service office portfolio will meet by 2025.
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Our 2020 achievements include:
•100% of properties use COVID-safe operational procedures certified under Fitwel’s VRM, including but not limited to: face covering requirement for all common spaces, use of hospital-grade disinfectants, increased cleaning frequency, maximized outside air and optimized filtration with MERV-13+ filters where possible;
•100% of multi-tenant properties have a mobile app that regularly promotes health and wellness through virtual fitness classes, mindfulness training, cooking sessions and more;
•98% of our in-service office portfolio is served by bike storage, 72% has showers and/or lockers and 53% has on-site fitness amenities; and
•23% of our in-service office portfolio is Fitwel certified.
Equitable: Vibrant, Thriving Cities for All
We seek to create and cultivate communities that champion diversity and inclusivity and afford ample opportunity for everyone to succeed. Our equity and inclusion initiatives focus specifically on workplace opportunity and homelessness and housing. We offer a highly competitive approach to compensation, benefits, workplace and culture, and we have an established diversity, equity and inclusion (“DEI”) program focused both internally and externally. Our employees are actively engaged in their communities, and as a company we are committed to donating at least 1% of net earnings annually to charitable causes.
Our 2020 achievements include:
•100% of employees received training on subjects such as health and safety, leadership development, corporate operations and/or new employee onboarding;
•100% of employees were given access to DEI education resources and a subset of employees completed intensive, cohort-based DEI training (with the remaining employees to complete the training in 2021);
•Over $1 million in charitable giving, with a focus on organizations advancing homelessness, racial equity and health and wellness in our core markets;
•Over $650,000 in grants made available to under-represented artists through the Vibrant Cities Arts Grant, which is associated with our One Westside development project in partnership with Macerich; and
•Long-standing policy of providing every employee with 32 hours of paid volunteer time-off annually, access to a robust community-giving program. Specifically,Matching Gift program and regular employee volunteering events.
Human Capital
Hiring
In alignment with our Company values, we supportbelieve people are our greatest asset and we embrace a recruitment process that strives to attract top-tier, diverse talent. Through a series of behavioral-based interviews, Company recruiters assess candidates for skills, competencies and cultural fit. The hiring team comprises a recruiter, hiring manager and other peers or stakeholders to ensure a collaborative process.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We value employees at all levels of the organization and provide ample opportunities for growth, while striving to foster and celebrate diversity in all its forms, whether gender, age, ethnicity or cultural background. We take pride in the fact that our employee base reflects an even gender split as well as a broad cross-section of racial and ethnic backgrounds. In 2020, we launched a comprehensive DEI program for employees at all levels, which includes initiatives such as:
•An ongoing series of intensive, cohort-based DEI training with an external consultant/coach for all employees.
•The development of Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”), which are designed to connect employees who have similar backgrounds and shared experiences. ERGs commit to working with the Company on diversity and inclusion, bringing people together to share best practices and ensure that we are supporting each other across our communities.
•A thoughtfully curated DEI Library filled with education resources, which employees can access online at any time to increase awareness and knowledge of important concepts and to develop skills to help make meaningful change.
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Training and Development
Upon joining the Company, our employees from all regions attend Hudson U, a two-day orientation program that is a fun, interactive way for new hires to get to know the Company, its strategy, values and leadership. Senior executives speak candidly about the Company and their roles.
In addition to traditional employee development programs like annual performance reviews and role-specific training programs, we offer individualized curriculums through an online platform at no cost to the employees, interactive leadership development programs for junior and mid-career/senior team members and off-site team retreats that foster team-building and skills training. The Company regularly honors top performers, and generous Company policies encourage our employees’work/life balance through paid time off, subsidized gym memberships, fitness programs and events and healthy dining options.
Compensation and Benefits
We are a pay-for-performance organization, which means that compensation decisions are made based on individual, team/department, and overall company performance. This includes consideration of contributions and accomplishments as well as how these were achieved (values, skills and competencies). The objective is to emphasize corporate goals and individual contributions to charitable organizations. To assist employees’the achievement of those goals for the year.
We award merit salary increases as recognition for the past year’s performance, sustained contributions and/or the attainment of new skills. Discretionary bonuses are designed to reward employees for fulfilling their responsibilities, delivering superior results and making significant contributions. Discretionary performance bonus amounts are based on job level and should be dependent on the nature and significance of the employee’s contribution and accomplishment.
We offer competitive compensation and benefits, including, but not limited to, retirement savings plans and medical, dental and vision coverage. We offer multiple flexible spending accounts, an employee referral bonus program and a comprehensive charitable giving and augment the impact of their charitable dollars, we created the Hudson Pacific Properties Charitable Giving Program. This program encourages employees to contribute to qualifying charitable organizations bywith matching donations and providing additional32 hours of paid time off each year for volunteerismvolunteering. We have generous policies to encourage work/life balance, including paid holiday, vacation and providing donationssick time as well as an employee assistance program that offers confidential assistance 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to qualifying nonprofit organizationsassist with personal and work-related problems.
Collective Bargaining Arrangements
At December 31, 2020, we had 375 employees, of which six were subject to whichcollective bargaining agreements. Each of the six employees are on-site at the Sunset Bronson Studios property. We believe that relations with our employees volunteer.are good.
Available Information
On the Investor Relations page on our Company’s Website at investors.hudsonpacificproperties.com we post the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC:Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”): our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. All such filings are available to be viewed on our Investor Relations page on our Website free of charge. Also available on our Investor Relations page on our Website, free of charge, are our corporate governance guidelines, the charters of the nominating and corporate governance, audit and compensation committees of our board of directors and our codeCode of business conductBusiness Conduct and ethicsEthics (which applies to all directors and employees, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial OfficerOfficer). We intend to use our Website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and Principal Accounting Officer).for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Such disclosures will be included on our Website in the ‘Investor Resources’ sections. Accordingly, investors should monitor such portions of our Website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Information contained on or hyperlinked from our Website is not incorporated by reference into, and should not be considered part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K or our other filings with the SEC. A copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is available without charge upon written request to: Investor Relations, Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc., 11601 Wilshire Blvd., Ninth Floor, Los Angeles, California 90025.
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ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Overview
The following section sets forth material factors that may adversely affect our business and oral statements made or incorporated by reference from time to time by us or our representativesfinancial performance. The following factors, as well as the factors discussed in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Factors That May Influence Our Operating Results” and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, other filings or reports filed with the SEC, press releases, conferences, or otherwise, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forthshould be considered in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as amended,evaluating us and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). In particular, statements relating to our liquidity and capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. Furthermore, all of the statements regarding future financial performance (including anticipated funds from operations, or FFO, market conditions and demographics) are forward-looking statements. We are including this cautionary statement to make applicable and take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for any such forward-looking statements. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or that management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “result” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements arebusiness.
Risk Factors Summary
Our business is subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknownincluding risks trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which were based on results and trends at the time they were made, to anticipate future results or trends.
•Risks Related to Our Properties and Our Business
•Our properties are located in Northern and Southern California, the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada, and we are susceptible to adverse economic conditions, local regulations and natural disasters affecting those markets.
•We derive a significant portion of our rental revenue from tenants in the technology and media and entertainment industries, which makes us particularly susceptible to demand for rental space in those industries.
•We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of properties that meet our criteria, dispose of such assets, yield the returns we expect or to successfully and profitably operate our properties.
•Our growth depends on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and our existing debt may restrict our ability to engage in some business activities.
•Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from timeproperty or group of properties subject to time, and it is not possible for managementmortgage debt.
•We face considerable competition, depend on significant tenants, may be unable to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factorsrenew leases, lease vacant space or may be unable to obtain our asking rents, which could each have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
•Some of our properties are subject to ground leases, the termination or expiration of which could cause us to lose our interest in, and the right to receive rental income from, such properties.
•Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers’ financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.
•If we fail to maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.
•Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
•Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with real estate assets and the real estate industry, as well as property development and redevelopment.
•The illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes and harm our financial condition.
•We may incur significant costs related to compliance with government laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties, including environmental regulations.
•Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other air quality issues, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation.
•Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
•The series A preferred units that were issued to some contributors in connection with our IPO in exchange for the contribution of their properties have certain preferences, which could limit our ability to pay dividends or other distributions to the holders of our securities or engage in certain business combinations, recapitalizations or other fundamental changes.
•Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our operating partnership.
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•Our charter and bylaws, the partnership agreement of our operating partnership and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction, even if such a change in control may be in our stockholders’ interest, and as a result may depress the market price of our securities.
•Our board of directors may change our investment and financing policies without stockholder approval and we may become more highly leveraged, which may increase our risk of default under our debt obligations.
•Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
•We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we rely on funds received from our operating partnership to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries.
•Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
•Failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock.
•If our operating partnership were to fail to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
•The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
•Our ownership of taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to certain restrictions, and we will be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if our transactions with our taxable REIT subsidiaries are not conducted on arm’s length terms.
•To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
•Complying with REIT requirements may affect our profitability and may force us to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments.
•Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
•The power of our board of directors to revoke our REIT election without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders and unitholders.
•Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on our investors and us.
•Risks Related to General and Global Factors
•Our business and results of operations and financial condition have been and may be further materially or adversely impacted by the outbreak of a pandemic, including COVID-19.
•Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions and dislocations in the credit markets, as well as social, political, and economic instability, unrest, and other circumstances beyond our control could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
•Potential losses, including from adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and title claims, may not be covered by insurance.
•Changes in the method of determining LIBOR, or the extentreplacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect interest expense related to outstanding debt.
•We may become subject to litigation, which any factor,could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
•We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or combinationotherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of factors,our information technology (“IT”) networks and related systems.
•Future terrorist activity or engagement in war by the United States may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these riskshave an adverse effect on our financial condition and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actualoperating results.
Risks Related to Our Properties and Our Business
Our properties are located in Northern and Southern California, and the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada, and we are susceptible to adverse economic conditions, local regulations and natural disasters affecting those markets.
Our properties are located in Northern and Southern California, and the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada, which exposes us to greater economic risks than if we owned a more geographically dispersed portfolio. Further, our properties are concentrated in certain areas, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, Silicon Valley, Seattle and Seattle,Vancouver, exposing us to risks associated with those specific areas. We are susceptible to adverse developments in the economic and regulatory environments of Northern and Southern California, and the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada (such as business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, increases in real estate and other taxes, costs of complying with governmental regulations or increased regulation), as well as to natural disasters that occur in our markets (such as earthquakes, wind,windstorms, landslides, droughts, fires and other events). In addition, the State of California has had historical periods of budgetary constraints and is
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regarded as more litigious and more highly regulated and taxed than many other states, all of which may reduce demand for office space in California. Any adverse developments in the economy or real estate market in Northern and Southern California, or the Pacific Northwest or Western Canada, or any decrease in demand for office space resulting from the California regulatory or business environment, could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
We are required to pay property taxes on our properties. These taxes could increase as property tax rates increase or as properties are reassessed by the taxing authorities. For example, under the existing California law commonly referred to as Proposition 13, property tax reassessments generally occur as a result of a “change of ownership” of a property. Because the property tax authorities may take extensive time to determine if there has a been a “change of ownership” or the actual reassessed value of the property, the potential reassessment may not be determined until a period after the transaction has occurred. From time to time, including recently, lawmakers and voters have initiated efforts to repeal or amend Proposition 13, which, if successful, would increase the assessed value or tax rates for our properties in California. Additionally, there is similar legislation being proposed in other state and local jurisdictions in which our properties are located. An increase in the assessed value of our properties, property tax rates, or potential other new taxes could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
We derive a significant portion of our rental revenue from tenants in the technology and media and entertainment industries, which makes us particularly susceptible to demand for rental space in those industries.
A significant portion of our rental revenue is derived from tenants in the technology and media and entertainment industries. Consequently, we are susceptible to adverse developments affecting the demand by tenants in these industries for office, production and support space in Northern and Southern California, and the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada and, more particularly, in Hollywood and the South of Market area of the San Francisco submarket. As we continue our development and potential acquisition activities in markets populated by knowledge-and creative-based tenants in the technology and media and entertainment industries, our tenant mix could become more concentrated, further exposing us to risks in those industries. Any adverse development in the technology and media and entertainment industries could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of properties that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth.
Our business strategy includes the acquisition of underperforming office properties. These activities require us to identify suitable acquisition candidates or investment opportunities that meet our criteria and are compatible with our growth strategies. We continue to evaluate the market of available properties and may attempt to acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist. However, we may be unable to acquire any of the properties that we may identify as potential acquisition opportunities in the future. Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms, or at all, may be exposed to the following significant risks:
•potential inability to acquire a desired property because of competition from other real estate investors with significant capital, including publicly traded REITs, private equity investors and institutional investment funds, which may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the geographic proximity of investments and the payment of higher acquisition prices;
•we may incur significant costs and divert management attention in connection with evaluating and negotiating potential acquisitions, including ones that we are subsequently unable to complete;
•even if we enter into agreements for the acquisition of properties, these agreements are typically subject to customary conditions to closing, including the satisfactory completion of our due diligence investigations; and
•we may be unable to finance the acquisition on favorable terms or at all.
If we are unable to finance property acquisitions or acquire properties on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities could be adversely affected. In addition, failure to identify or complete acquisitions of suitable properties could slow our growth.
Our future acquisitions may not yield the returns we expect.
Our future acquisitions and our ability to successfully operate the properties we acquire in such acquisitions may be exposed to the following significant risks:
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•even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other potential acquirers may significantly increase the purchase price;
•we may acquire properties that are not accretive to our results upon acquisition, and we may not successfully manage and lease those properties to meet our expectations;
•our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;
•we may spend more than budgeted amounts to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties;
•we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations;
•market conditions may result in higher than expected vacancy rates and lower than expected rental rates; and
•we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities such as liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by tenants, vendors or other persons dealing with the former owners of the properties, liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business and claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
If we cannot operate acquired properties to meet our financial expectations, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities could be adversely affected.
We may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions, which could result in stockholder dilution and limit our ability to sell such assets.
In the future we may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in our operating partnership, which may result in stockholder dilution. This acquisition structure may have the effect of, among other things, reducing the amount of tax depreciation we could deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and may require that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.
Our growth depends on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to meet various requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, including that we distribute annually at least 90% of our netREIT taxable income, excluding any net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our netREIT taxable income, including any net capital gains. Because of these distribution requirements, we may
not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary acquisition financing, from operating cash flow. Consequently, we intend to rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain the financing on favorable terms or at all. Any additional debt we incur will increase our leverage and likelihood of default. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:
•general market conditions;
•the market’s perception of our growth potential;
•our current debt levels;
•our current and expected future earnings;
•our cash flow and cash distributions; and
•the market price per share of our common stock.
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The credit markets can experience significant disruptions. If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic opportunities exist, meet the capital and operating needs of our existing properties, satisfy our debt service obligations or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our financial condition, results of
operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, including cash available for payment of dividends on and the per share trading price of our securities.
If interest rates increase, then so will the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Further, rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures. We seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements that involve risk, such as the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, and that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, including cash available for payment of dividends on and the per share trading price of our securities. In addition, while such agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivative and Hedging.Hedging.
Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in a property or group of properties subject to mortgage debt.
Incurring mortgage and other secured debt obligations increases our risk of property losses because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing any loans for which we are in default. Any foreclosure on a mortgaged property or group of properties could adversely affect the overall value of our portfolio of properties. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties that is subject to a nonrecourse mortgage loan would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds.
Our unsecured revolving credit facility, registered senior notes, term loan facility and note purchase agreementagreements restrict our ability to engage in some business activities.
Our unsecured revolving credit facility, registered senior notes, term loan facility and note purchase agreementagreements contain customary negative covenants and other financial and operating covenants that, among other things:
•restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness;
•restrict our ability to make certain investments;
•restrict our ability to merge with another company;
•restrict our ability to make distributions to stockholders; and
•require us to maintain financial coverage ratios.
These limitations restrict our ability to engage in some business activities, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distributions to our stockholders, and per share trading price of our securities. In addition, failure to meet any of these covenants, including the financial coverage ratios, could cause an event of default under and/or accelerate some or all of our indebtedness, which would have a material adverse effect on us. Furthermore, our unsecured revolving credit facility and term loan facility contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances.
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We have a limited operating history with respect to some of our properties and may not be able to operate them successfully.
Our Sunset Las Palmas Studios1918 Eighth property in Seattle has only been under our management since it was acquired in 2017.December 2020. This property may have characteristics or deficiencies unknown to us thatwhich could affect its valuation or revenue potential. In addition, there can be no assurance that the operating performance of this property will not decline under our management. We cannot assure you that we will be able to operate this property successfully.
We face significant competition, which may decrease or prevent increases in the occupancy and rental rates of our properties.
We compete with numerous developers, owners and operators of office properties, many of which own properties similar to ours in the same submarkets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose existing or potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we currently charge or to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options in order to retain tenants when our tenants’ leases expire. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities could be adversely affected.
We depend on significant tenants, and several of our properties are single-tenant properties or are currently occupied by single tenants.
As of December 31, 2017,2020, the 15 largest tenants in our office portfolio represented approximately 37.3%
38.6% of the Company’s share of the total annualized base rent generated by our office properties. The inability of a significant tenant to pay rent or the bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant tenant may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. If a tenant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, federal law may prohibit us from evicting such tenant based solely upon such bankruptcy or insolvency. In addition, a bankrupt or insolvent tenant may be authorized to reject and terminate its lease with us. Any claim against such tenant for unpaid, future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent owed under the lease. As of December 31, 2017,2020, our two largest tenants were Google, Inc. and Netflix, Inc., which together accounted for 9.8%12.8% of the Company’s share of the annualized base rent generated by our office properties. If Google, Inc. and Netflix, Inc. were to experience a downturn or a weakening of financial condition resulting in a failure to make timely rental payments or causing a lease default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment. Any such event described above could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or re-let space as leases expire.
As of December 31, 2017,2020, approximately 10.5%10.2% of the Company’s share of the square footage of the office properties (including our development and redevelopment properties) in our portfolio was available, (takingtaking into account uncommenced leases signed as of December 31, 2017), and an2020. An additional approximately 13.8%11.0% of the Company’s share of the square footage of the office properties in our portfolio is scheduled to expire in 20182021 (includes leases scheduled to expire on December 31, 2017)2020). Furthermore, substantially all of the square footage of the media and entertainment properties in our portfolio (other than KTLA and Netflix, Inc. leases at Sunset Bronson Studios) are typically short-term leases of one year or less. We cannot assure you that leases will be renewed or that our properties will be re-let at net effective rental rates equal to or above the current average net effective rental rates or that substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options will not be offered to attract new tenants or retain existing tenants. If the rental rates for our properties decrease, our existing tenants do not renew their leases or we do not re-let a significant portion of our available space and space for which leases will expire, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities could be adversely affected.
We may be required to make rent or other concessions and/or significant capital expenditures to improve our properties in order to retain and attract tenants, causing our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities to be adversely affected.
To the extent adverse economic conditions continue in the real estate market and demand for office space remains low, we expect that, upon expiration of leases at our properties, we will be required to make rent or other concessions to tenants, accommodate requests for renovations, build-to-suit remodeling and other improvements or provide additional services to our tenants. As a result, we may have to make significant capital or other expenditures in order to retain tenants whose leases expire and to attract new tenants in sufficient numbers. Additionally, we may need to raise capital to make such expenditures. If we are unable to do so or capital is otherwise unavailable, we may be unable to make the required expenditures. This could result in non-renewals by tenants upon expiration of their leases, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
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The actual rents we receive for the properties in our portfolio may be less than our asking rents, and we may experience lease roll-down from time to time.
As a result of various factors, including competitive pricing pressure in our submarkets, adverse conditions in the Northern or Southern California, or the Pacific Northwest or Western Canada real estate markets, a general economic downturn and the desirability of our properties compared to other properties in our submarkets, we may be unable to realize the asking rents across the properties in our portfolio. In addition, the degree of discrepancy between our asking rents and the actual rents we are able to obtain may vary both from property to property and among different leased spaces within a single property. If we are unable to obtain rental rates that are on average comparable to our asking rents across our portfolio, then our ability to generate cash flow growth will be negatively impacted. In addition, depending on asking rental rates at any given time as compared to expiring leases in our portfolio, from time to time rental rates for expiring leases may be higher than starting rental rates for new leases.
Some of our properties are subject to ground leases, the termination or expiration of which could cause us to lose our interest in, and the right to receive rental income from, such properties.
The ground sublease for the Del Amo property is subject and subordinate to a ground lease, the termination of which could result in a termination of the ground sublease.
The property on which the Del Amo building is located is subleased by Del Amo Fashion Center Operating Company, L.L.C., or Del Amo, through a long-term ground sublease. The ground sublease is subject and subordinate to the terms of a ground lease between the fee owner of the Del Amo property and the sub-landlord under the ground sublease. The fee owner has not granted to the subtenant under the ground sublease any rights of non-disturbance. Accordingly, a termination of the ground lease for any reason, including a rejection thereof by the ground tenant under the ground lease in a bankruptcy proceeding, could result in a termination of the ground sublease. In the event of a termination of the ground sublease, we may lose our interest in the Del Amo building and may no longer have the right to receive any of the rental income from the Del Amo building. In addition, our lack of any non-disturbance rights from the fee owner may impair our ability to obtain financing for the Del Amo building.
Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
Our continued success and our ability to manage anticipated future growth depend, in large part, upon the efforts of key personnel who have extensive market knowledge and relationships and exercise substantial influence over our operational, financing, acquisition and disposition activity. Many of our other senior executives have extensive experience and strong reputations in the real estate industry, which aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us, and negotiating with tenants and build-to-suit prospects. In February 2021, our Chief Investment Officer/Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President, Operations resigned from the Company in order to pursue their own venture. The loss of services of onethese executives or moreother members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants and industry personnel, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers’ financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.
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competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. In addition, prior consent of our joint venture partners may be required for a sale or transfer to a third party of our interests in the joint venture, which would restrict our ability to dispose of our interest in the joint venture. If we become a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers. Our joint ventures may be subject to debt and, in the current volatile credit market, the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.
Effective internal and disclosure controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. As part of our ongoing monitoring of internal controls we may discover material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls. As a result of weaknesses that may be identified in our internal controls, we may also identify certain deficiencies in some of our disclosure controls and procedures that we believe require remediation. If we discover weaknesses, we will make efforts to improve our internal and disclosure controls. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful. Any failure to maintain effective controls or timely effect any necessary improvement of our internal and disclosure controls could harm operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could affect our ability to remain listed with the NYSE. Ineffective internal and disclosure controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the per share trading price of our securities.
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with real estate assets and the real estate industry.
Our ability to pay expected dividends to our stockholders depends on our ability to generate revenues in excess of expenses, pay scheduled principal payments on debt and pay capital expenditure requirements. Events and conditions generally applicable to owners and operators of real property that are beyond our control may decrease cash available for distribution and the value of our properties. These events include many of the risks set forth above under “—Risks Related to Our Properties and Our Business,” as well as the following:
•local oversupply or reduction in demand for office or media and entertainment-relatedstudio-related space;
•adverse changes in financial conditions of buyers, sellers and tenants of properties;
•vacancies or our inability to rent space on favorable terms, including possible market pressures to offer tenants rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options, and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;
•increased operating costs, including insurance premiums, utilities, real estate taxes and state and local taxes;
•civil unrest, acts of war, terrorist attacks and natural disasters, including earthquakes and floods, which may
result in uninsured or underinsured losses;
•decreases in the underlying value of our real estate; and
•changing submarket demographics.
In addition, periods of economic downturn or recession, rising interest rates or declining demand for real estate, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence of defaults under existing leases, which would adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
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Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.
The real estate investments made, and to be made, by us are relatively difficult to sell quickly. As a result, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objectives by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, our ability to dispose of one or more properties within a specific time period is subject to certain limitations imposed by our tax protection agreements, as well as weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the
financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions, such as the current economic downturn, and changes in laws, regulations or fiscal policies of jurisdictions in which the property is located.
In addition, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT’s ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forgo or defer sales of properties that otherwise would be in our best interest.
Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
We could incur significant costs related to government regulation and litigation over environmental matters.
Under various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, as a current or former owner or operator of real property, we may be liable for costs and damages resulting from the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances, waste or petroleum products at, on, in, under or migrating from such property, including costs to investigate, clean up such contamination and liability for harm to natural resources. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such contamination, and the liability may be joint and several. These liabilities could be substantial and the cost of any required remediation, removal, fines or other costs could exceed the value of the property and/or our aggregate assets. In addition, the presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may expose us to third-party liability for costs of remediation and/or personal or property damage or materially adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop our properties or to borrow using the properties as collateral. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. Some of our properties have been or may be impacted by contamination arising from current or prior uses of the property, or adjacent properties, for commercial or industrial purposes. Such contamination may arise from spills of petroleum or hazardous substances or releases from tanks used to store such materials. As a result, we could potentially incur material liability for these issues, which could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of ACBM and LBP and may impose fines and penalties for failure to comply with these requirements or expose us to third-party liability (e.g., liability for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos or lead). Such laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing ACBM and LBP (and employers in such buildings) properly manage and maintain the asbestos and lead, adequately notify or train those who may come into contact with asbestos or lead, and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos or lead would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building. Some of our properties contain ACBM and/or LBP and we could be liable for such damages, fines or penalties.
In addition, the properties in our portfolio also are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety requirements, such as state and local fire requirements. Moreover, some of our tenants routinely handle and use hazardous or regulated substances and wastes as part of their operations at our properties, which are subject to regulation. Such environmental and health and safety laws and regulations could subject us or our tenants to liability resulting from these activities. Environmental liabilities could affect a tenant’s ability to make rental payments to us. In addition, changes in laws could increase the potential liability for noncompliance. This may result in significant unanticipated expenditures or may otherwise materially and adversely affect our operations, or those of our tenants, which could in turn have an adverse effect on us.
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We cannot assure you that costs or liabilities incurred as a result of environmental issues will not affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders or that such costs or other remedial measures will not have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities. If we do incur material environmental liabilities in the future, we may face significant remediation costs, and we may find it difficult to sell any affected properties.
Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other air quality issues, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins
or irritants. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources, and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our tenants, employees of our tenants or others if property damage or personal injury is alleged to have occurred.
We may incur significant costs complying with various federal, state and local laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties.
The properties in our portfolio are subject to various covenants and federal, state and local laws and regulatory requirements, including permitting and licensing requirements. Local regulations, including municipal or local ordinances, zoning restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by community developers may restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials or restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials of community standards organizations at any time with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring a property or when undertaking renovations of any of our existing properties. Among other things, these restrictions may relate to fire and safety, seismic or hazardous material abatement requirements. There can be no assurance that existing laws and regulatory policies will not adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future acquisitions or renovations, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that increase such delays or result in additional costs. Our growth strategy may be affected by our ability to obtain permits, licenses and zoning relief. Our failure to obtain such permits, licenses and zoning relief or to comply with applicable laws could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
In addition, federal and state laws and regulations, including laws such as the ADA, impose further restrictions on our properties and operations. Under the ADA, all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Some of our properties may currently be in non-compliance with the ADA. If one or more of the properties in our portfolio is not in compliance with the ADA or any other regulatory requirements, we may be required to incur additional costs to bring the property into compliance and we might incur governmental fines or the award of damages to private litigants. In addition, we do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether future requirements will require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures that will adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
We are exposed to risks associated with property development.development and redevelopment.
We may engage in development and redevelopment activities with respect to certain of our properties. To the extent that we do so, we will be subject to certain risks, including the availability and pricing of financing on favorable terms or at all; construction and/or lease-up delays; cost overruns, including construction costs that exceed our original estimates; contractor and subcontractor disputes, strikes, labor disputes or supply disruptions; failure to achieve expected occupancy and/or rent levels within the projected time frame, if at all; and delays with respect to obtaining or the inability to obtain necessary zoning, occupancy, land use and other governmental permits, and changes in zoning and land use laws. These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and, under certain circumstances, could prevent completion of development activities once undertaken, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
The Seriesseries A preferred units that were issued to some contributors in connection with our IPO in exchange for the contribution of their properties have certain preferences, which could limit our ability to pay dividends or other distributions to the holders of our securities or engage in certain business combinations, recapitalizations or other fundamental changes.
In exchange for the contribution of properties to our portfolio in connection with our IPO, some contributors received Seriesseries A preferred units in our operating partnership, whichpartnership. As of December 31, 2020, these units have an aggregate liquidation preference of approximately $10.2$9.8 million and have a preference as to distributions and upon liquidation that could limit our ability to pay dividends on common stock. The Seriesseries A preferred units are senior to any other class of securities our operating partnership may issue in the future without the consent of the holders of the Seriesseries A preferred units. As a result, we will be unable to issue partnership units in our operating partnership senior to the Seriesseries A preferred units without the consent of the holders of Seriesseries A preferred units. Any preferred stock in our Company that we issue will be subordinate to the Seriesseries A preferred units. In addition, we may only
engage in a fundamental change, including a recapitalization, a merger and a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, as a result of which our common stock ceases to be publicly traded or common units cease to be exchangeable (at our option) for publicly traded shares of our stock, without the consent of holders of Seriesseries A preferred units if following such transaction we will maintain certain leverage ratios and equity requirements, and pay certain minimum tax distributions to holders of our outstanding Seriesseries A preferred units. Alternatively, we may redeem all or any portion of the then outstanding Seriesseries A preferred units for cash (at a price per unit equal to the redemption price). In addition, these provisions could increase the cost of any such fundamental change transaction, which may discourage a merger, combination or change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our operating partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our Company under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our Company. At the same time, we, as the general partner of our operating partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and its limited partners under Maryland law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our fiduciary duties and obligations as general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our Company.
Additionally, the partnership agreement provides that we and our directors and officers will not be liable or accountable to our operating partnership for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived if we, or such director or officer acted in good faith. The partnership agreement also provides that we will not be liable to the operating partnership or any partner for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by the operating partnership or any limited partner, except for liability for our intentional harm or gross negligence. Moreover, the partnership agreement provides that our operating partnership is required to indemnify us and our directors, officers and employees, officers and employees of the operating partnership and our designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of our operating partnership, except (i) if the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) for any transaction for which the indemnified party received an improper personal benefit, in money, property or services or otherwise, in violation or breach of any provision of the partnership agreement or (iii) in the case of a criminal proceeding, if the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. No reported decision of a Maryland appellate court has interpreted provisions similar to the provisions of the partnership agreement of our operating partnership that modify and reduce our fiduciary duties or obligations as the general partner or reduce or eliminate our liability for money damages to the operating partnership and its partners, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel as to the enforceability of the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to modify or reduce the fiduciary duties that would be in effect were it not for the partnership agreement.
Our charter and bylaws, the partnership agreement of our operating partnership and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction, even if such a change in control may be in your interest, and as a result may depress the market price of our securities.
Our charter contains certain ownership limits. Our charter contains various provisions that are intended to preserve our qualification as a REIT and, subject to certain exceptions, authorize our directors to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve our qualification as a REIT. For example, our charter prohibits the actual, beneficial or constructive ownership by any person of more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock, and more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate outstanding shares of all classes and series of our stock. Our
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board of directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may exempt a person, prospectively or retroactively, from these ownership limits if certain conditions are satisfied. The restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock may:
•discourage a tender offer or other transactions or a change in management or of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests; or
•result in the transfer of shares acquired in excess of the restrictions to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and, as a result, the forfeiture by the acquirer of the benefits of owning the additional shares.
We could increase the number of authorized shares of stock, classify and reclassify unissued stock and issue stock without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the power under our charter to amend our charter to increase the aggregate number ofshares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we are authorized to issue, to
authorizeus to issue authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassifyany unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and setthe terms of such newly classified or reclassified shares. Although our board of directors has no such intention at the present time, it could establish a class or series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our securities or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest.
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control, which may discourage third parties from conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control transactions that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest. Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“the MGCL”) may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could be in the best interest of our stockholders, including:
•“business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate thereof or an affiliate or associate of ours who was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding voting stock at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question) for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter impose fair price and/or supermajority and stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and
•“control share” provisions that provide that “control shares” of our Company (defined as shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.
As permitted by the MGCL, we have elected, by resolution of our board of directors, to exempt from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, any business combination that is first approved by our disinterested directors and, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, to exempt any acquisition of our stock from the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our board of directors may by resolution elect to repeal the exemption from the business combination provisions of the MGCL and may by amendment to our bylaws opt into the control share provisions of the MGCL at any time in the future.
Certain provisions of the MGCL permit our board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain corporate governance provisions, some of which (for example, a classified board) are not currently applicable to us. These provisions may have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an unsolicited acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under circumstances that otherwise could be in the best interest of our stockholders. Our charter contains a provision whereby we have elected to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our board of directors.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us. Provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay or make more difficult unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes of our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or change of our control, although some stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions include, among others:
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•redemption rights of qualifying parties;
•transfer restrictions on units;
•our ability, as general partner, in some cases, to amend the partnership agreement and to cause the operating partnership to issue units with terms that could delay, defer or prevent a merger or other change of control of us or our operating partnership without the consent of the limited partners;
•the right of the limited partners to consent to transfers of the general partnership interest and mergers or other transactions involving us under specified circumstances; and
•restrictions on debt levels and equity requirements pursuant to the terms of our Seriesseries A preferred units, as well as required distributions to holders of Seriesseries A preferred units of our operating partnership, following certain changes of control of us.
Our charter, bylaws, the partnership agreement of our operating partnership and Maryland law also contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest.
Our board of directors may change our investment and financing policies without stockholder approval and we may become more highly leveraged, which may increase our risk of default under our debt obligations.
Our investment and financing policies are exclusively determined by our board of directors. Accordingly, our stockholders do not control these policies. Further, our organizational documents do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness, funded or otherwise, that we may incur. Our board of directors may alter or eliminate our current policy on borrowing at any time without stockholder approval. If this policy changed, we could become more highly leveraged, which could result in an increase in our debt service. Higher leverage also increases the risk of default on our obligations. In addition, a change in our investment policies, including the manner in which we allocate our resources across our portfolio or the types of assets in which we seek to invest, may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, real estate market fluctuations and liquidity risk. Changes to our policies with regards to the foregoing could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Our charter eliminates the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for monetary damages, except for liability resulting from:
•actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or
•a final judgment based upon a finding of active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was material to the cause of action adjudicated.
In addition, our charter authorizes us to obligate our Company, and our bylaws require us, to indemnify our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those and certain other capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist. Accordingly, in the event that actions taken in good faith by any of our directors or officers impede the performance of our Company, your ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited.
We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we rely on funds received from our operating partnership to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries.
We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership. We do not have, apart from an interest in our operating partnership, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on distributions from our operating partnership to pay any dividends we might declare on our common stock. We also rely on distributions from our operating partnership to meet our obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to us from our operating partnership. In addition, because we are a holding company, claims of our equity holders will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries and subordinate to the rights of holders of Seriesseries A preferred units. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or
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reorganization, our assets and those of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our and our operating partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. We believe that we have operated in a manner that has allowed us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with such taxable year, and we intend to continue operating in such manner. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this Annual Report are not binding on the IRS or any court. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we have qualified as a REIT, or that we will remain qualified as such in the future. If we lose our REIT status, we will face serious tax consequences that would substantially reduce the funds available for distribution to youour stockholders for each of the years involved because:
•we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal corporate income tax on our taxable income;
•we also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax for taxable years prior to 2018 and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
•unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified.
Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce our cash available for, among other things, our operations and distributions to stockholders. In addition, if we were to fail to qualify as a REIT, we would not be required to make distributions to our stockholders. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT also could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and could materially and adversely affect the value of our securities.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable Treasury regulations that have been promulgated under the Code, or the Treasury Regulations, is greater in the case of a REIT that, like us, holds its assets through a partnership. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of requirements, including requirements regarding the ownership of our stock and requirements regarding the composition of our assets and our gross income. Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our netREIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains.
We own and may acquire direct or indirect interests in one or more entities that have elected or will elect to be taxed as REITs under the Code (each, a “Subsidiary REIT”). A Subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to us. If a Subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to federal income tax, (ii) shares in such Subsidiary REIT would cease to be qualifying assets for purposes of the asset tests applicable to REITs, and (iii) it is possible that we would fail certain
of the asset tests applicable to REITs, in which event we would fail to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of certain relief provisions.
In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may materially adversely affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to some federal, state and local income, property and excise taxes on our income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in the event we sell property as a dealer. In addition, our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be subject to tax as regular corporations in the jurisdictions they operate.
If our operating partnership failedwere to fail to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
We believe that our operating partnership is properly treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our operating partnership is not subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us,
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is allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, its share of our operating partnership’s income. We cannot assure you, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of our operating partnership or any other subsidiary partnership in which we own an interest as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership or any such other subsidiary partnership as an entity taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would likely cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of our operating partnership or any subsidiary partnerships to qualify as a partnership would cause it to become subject to federal and state corporate income tax, which could reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business, such characterization is a factual determination and we cannot assure you that the IRS would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors, which, if met, would prevent any such sales from being treated as prohibited transactions.
Our ownership of taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to certain restrictions, and we will be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if our transactions with our taxable REIT subsidiaries are not conducted on arm’s length terms.
We currently own an interestinterests in onecertain taxable REIT subsidiarysubsidiaries and may acquire securities in additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) other than a REIT in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. If a taxable REIT subsidiary owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such other corporation will also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to tenants of its parent REIT. A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to federal income tax as a regular C corporation. In addition, a 100% excise tax will be imposed on certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s length basis. A REIT’s ownership of securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset tests applicable to REITs. NotNo more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities, including securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries, other than those securities includable in the 75% asset test. Further, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, notno more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries. We anticipate that the aggregate value of the stock and other securities of any taxable REIT subsidiaries that we own will be less than 20% of the value of our total assets, and we will monitor the value of these investments to ensure compliance with applicable asset test limitations. In addition, we intend to structure our transactions with any taxable REIT subsidiaries that we own to ensure that they are entered into on arm’s length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with these limitations or avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed above.
To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our netREIT taxable income each year, excluding net capital gains, and we will be subject to regular corporate income taxes to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our netREIT taxable income each year. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. In order to maintain our REIT status and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds to meet the REIT distribution requirements even if the then prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. These borrowing needs could result from, among other things, differences in timing between the actual receipt of cash and inclusion of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. These sources, however, may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends on a number of factors, including the market’s perception of our growth potential, our current debt levels, the market price of our common stock, and our current and potential future earnings. We cannot assure you that we will have access to such capital on favorable terms at the desired times, or at all, which may cause us to curtail our investment activities and/or to dispose of assets at inopportune times, and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distributions to our stockholders, and per share trading price of our securities.
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Complying with REIT requirements may affect our profitability and may force us to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the nature and diversification of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. We may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments in order to satisfy the asset and income tests or to qualify under certain statutory relief provisions. We also may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. As a result, having to comply with the distribution requirement could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions; (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms; or (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt. Accordingly, satisfying the REIT requirements could have an adverse effect on our business results, profitability and ability to execute our business plan. Moreover, if we are compelled to liquidate our investments to meet any of these asset, income or distribution tests, or to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with one or more of the requirements applicable to REITs or may be subject to a 100% tax on any resulting gain if such sales constitute prohibited transactions.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for these reduced rates. Under recently enacted tax legislation (the “2017 Tax Legislation”), U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally may deduct up to 20% of the ordinary dividends (e.g., dividends not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) received from a REIT for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. Although this deduction reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs (generally to 29.6% assuming the shareholder is subject to the 37% maximum rate), such tax rate is still higher than the tax rate applicable to corporate dividends that constitute qualified dividend income. Accordingly, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including the per share trading price of our securities.
The power of our board of directors to revoke our REIT election without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders and unitholders.
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to qualify as a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders and accordingly, distributions Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. makes to its unitholders could be similarly reduced.
Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on our investors and us.
The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the United States Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws, with or without retroactive application, could adversely affect our investors or us. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. New legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, the federal income tax consequences of such qualification, or the federal income tax consequences of an investment in us. Also, the law relating to the tax treatment of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change, making an investment in such other entities more attractive relative to an investment in a REIT.
Risks Related to General and Global Factors
Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions and dislocations in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities.
Volatility in the United States and international capital markets and concern over a return to recessionary conditions in global economies, and the California economy in particular, may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities as a result of the following potential consequences, among others:
•significant job losses in the financial and professional services industries may occur, which may decrease demand for our office space, causing market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted;
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•our ability to obtain financing on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, or at all, may be limited, which could reduce our ability to pursue acquisition and development opportunities and refinance existing debt, reduce our returns from our acquisition and development activities and increase our future interest expense;
•reduced values of our properties may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or to obtain debt financing secured by our properties and may reduce the availability of unsecured loans; and
•one or more lenders under our unsecured revolving credit facility could refuse to fund their financing commitment to us or could fail and we may not be able to replace the financing commitment of any such lenders on favorable terms, or at all.
Our business and results of operations and financial condition have been and may be further materially or adversely impacted by the outbreak of a pandemic including COVID-19.
The 2017 Tax Legislationglobal spread of COVID-19 has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. businessescreated, and their owners, including REITsis likely to continue to create, significant volatility, uncertainty and their stockholders. Changes made by the 2017 Tax Legislation that could affect us and our stockholders include:
Our business may be adversely affected by social, political, and economic instability, unrest, or disruption in a geographic region in which we operate, regardless of cause, including protests, demonstrations, strikes, riots, civil disturbance, disobedience, insurrection, or social and political unrest. Such events may result in restrictions, curfews, or other actions and give rise to significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles, which may adversely affect our financial condition and operations.
There have been recent demonstrations and protests in cities throughout the corporate alternative minimum tax.
Potential losses, including from adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and title claims, may not be covered by insurance.
We carry commercial property (including earthquake), liability and terrorism coverage on all the properties in our portfolio (most are covered under a blanket insurance policy while a few are under individual policies), in addition to other coverages, such as trademark and pollution coverage, that may be appropriate for certain of our properties. We have selected policy specifications and insured limits that we believe to be appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. However, we do not carry insurance for losses such as those arising from riots or war because such coverage is not available or is not available at commercially reasonable rates. Some of our policies, like those covering losses due to terrorism or earthquakes, are insured subject to limitations involving large deductibles or co-payments and policy limits that
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may not be sufficient to cover losses, which could lessen or increase the impactaffect certain of our properties that are located in areas particularly susceptible to natural disasters. All of the legislation.properties we currently own are located in Northern and Southern California, the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada, areas especially susceptible to earthquakes. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting pointwe may discontinue earthquake, terrorism or other insurance on some or all of our properties in the future if the cost of premiums for computing state and local tax liabilities. While someany such policies exceeds, in our judgment, the value of the changes made bycoverage discounted for the tax legislationrisk of loss. As a result, we may be required to incur significant costs in the event of adverse weather conditions and natural disasters. If we or one or more of our tenants experiences a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties. In addition, if the damaged properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably damaged. Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable costs in the future as the costs associated with property and casualty renewals may be higher than anticipated. In the event that we experience a substantial or comprehensive loss of one of our properties, we may not be able to rebuild such property to its existing specifications. Further reconstruction or improvement of such a property would likely require significant upgrades to meet zoning and building code requirements.
Changes in the method of determining LIBOR, or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect interest expense related to outstanding debt.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry-wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR.
As of December 31, 2020, we have $1.2 billion variable rate debt, of which $475.0 million is subject to interest rate swaps. If LIBOR changes or is replaced, the interest rates on our debt which is indexed to USD-LIBOR will be determined using a different successor rate, which may adversely affect interest expense and may result in interest obligations which are more than, or do not otherwise correlate over time with, the payments that would have been made on such debt if USD-LIBOR was available in its current form. These changes could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, including cash available for payment of dividends on and the per share trading price of our securities.
We may become subject to litigation, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
In the future we may become subject to litigation, including claims relating to our operations, offerings, and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims may result in significant defense costs and potentially significant judgments against us, in onesome of which are not, or more reporting periods and prospectively, other changescannot be, insured against. We generally intend to vigorously defend ourselves; however, we cannot be certain of the ultimate outcomes of any claims that may be beneficialarise in the future. Resolution of these types of matters against us may result in our having to pay significant fines, judgments or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments and settlements exceed insured levels, could adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby having an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our securities. Certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and/or adversely impact our ability to attract officers and directors.
We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (“IT”) networks and related systems.
We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have recently increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques
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used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed nottobe detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.
A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could:
•disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants;
•result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, and/or missed reporting deadlines;
•result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT;
•result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;
•result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space;
•require significant management attention and resources to remedy any resulting damages;
•subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; or
•damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.
Any or all of the foregoing could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our securities.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of IT networks and related systems failures.
Despite system redundancy and the planned implementation of a disaster recovery plan and security measures for our IT networks and related systems, our systems are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources, including computer viruses, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication failure. We rely on our IT networks and related systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and keeping of records, which may include personal identifying information of tenants and lease data. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing confidential tenant information, such as individually identifiable information relating to financial accounts. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our IT networks and related systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation and subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties. Further, we are dependent on our personnel and, although we are working to implement a formal disaster recovery plan to assist our employees and to facilitate their maintaining continuity of operations after events such as energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication failures, we can provide no assurance that any of the foregoing events would not have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Future terrorist activity or engagement in war by the United States may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
Terrorist attacks in the United States and other acts of terrorism or war may result in declining economic activity, which could harm the demand for and the value of our properties. A decrease in demand could make it difficult for us to renew or re-lease our properties at these sites at lease rates equal to or above historical rates. Terrorist activities also could directly impact the value of our properties through damage, destruction, or loss, and the availability of insurance for these acts may be less, and cost more, which could adversely affect our financial condition. To the extent that our tenants are impacted by future attacks, their businesses similarly could be adversely affected, including their ability to continue to work withhonor their existing leases.
Terrorist attacks and engagement in war by the United States also may adversely affect the markets in which our tax advisorssecurities trade and auditorsmay cause further erosion of business and consumer confidence and spending and may result in increased
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volatility in national and international financial markets and economies. Any one of these events may cause decline in the demand for our office and studio leased space, delay the time in which our new or renovated properties reach stabilized occupancy, increase our operating expenses, such as those attributable to determine the full impact that the 2017 Tax Legislation as a whole will have on us.increased physical security for our properties, and limit our access to capital or increase our cost of raising capital.
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
ITEM 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2017,2020, our portfolio consisted of 5464 properties (52(41 wholly-owned properties, and two15 properties owned by joint ventures),ventures and eight land properties) located in 13eleven California, submarketsthree Seattle and in three Seattleone Western Canada submarkets, totaling approximately 14.520.0 million square feet.
Office Portfolio
Our office portfolio consists of 53 office properties comprising an aggregate of approximately 15.6 million square feet. All of our office properties are located in Northern and Southern California, the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada. As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining lease term for our stabilized office portfolio was 4.9 years.
In-Service Portfolio
Our in-service office properties include stabilized office properties and lease-up office properties. Stabilized office properties consist of Same-Storesame-store properties and Non-Same-Storenon-same-store properties. Same-StoreSame-store properties include all of the properties owned and included in our stabilized portfolio as of January 1, 20162019 and still owned and included in the stabilized portfolio as of December 31, 2017.2020. Lease-up properties are defined as those properties that have not yet reached 92.0% occupancy since the date they were acquired or placed under redevelopment or development.
The following table sets forth certainsummarizes information relating to the consolidated and unconsolidated in-service office properties owned as of December 31, 2020:
| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | Percent Occupied(2) | Percent Leased(3) | Annualized Base Rent(4) | Annualized Base Rent Per Square Foot(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same-store: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northview Center | Lynnwood | 182,009 | 63.6 | % | 63.6 | % | $ | 2,730,690 | $ | 23.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Met Park North | Denny Triangle | 183,355 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 5,723,658 | 31.22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hill7(6) | Denny Triangle | 285,310 | 99.1 | 99.1 | 11,023,376 | 39.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 450 Alaskan | Pioneer Square | 170,974 | 95.4 | 95.4 | 6,700,074 | 41.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 411 First | Pioneer Square | 163,768 | 87.3 | 89.6 | 4,987,839 | 34.90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 505 First | Pioneer Square | 288,009 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 7,260,428 | 25.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 83 King | Pioneer Square | 183,939 | 91.5 | 91.5 | 7,226,240 | 42.94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 1,457,364 | 92.2 | 92.5 | 45,652,305 | 33.97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1455 Market(6) | San Francisco | 1,034,977 | 99.3 | 99.3 | 54,373,248 | 52.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 275 Brannan | San Francisco | 57,120 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 4,646,712 | 81.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 625 Second | San Francisco | 138,094 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 8,299,424 | 60.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 875 Howard | San Francisco | 286,003 | 99.9 | 99.9 | 15,353,671 | 53.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 901 Market | San Francisco | 205,530 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 12,764,083 | 62.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rincon Center(7) | San Francisco | 539,461 | 96.4 | 96.4 | 32,086,340 | 61.68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ferry Building(6) | San Francisco | 268,018 | 92.9 | 92.9 | 21,279,024 | 85.50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Towers at Shore Center | Redwood Shores | 334,483 | 91.1 | 91.1 | 21,772,467 | 71.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skyway Landing | Redwood Shores | 247,173 | 80.8 | 80.8 | 11,529,578 | 57.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 555 Twin Dolphin | Redwood Shores | 198,936 | 84.7 | 84.7 | 10,645,308 | 63.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | Percent Occupied(2) | Percent Leased(3) | Annualized Base Rent(4) | Annualized Base Rent Per Square Foot(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palo Alto Square | Palo Alto | 333,254 | 88.1 | 88.1 | 26,530,599 | 90.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3176 Porter | Palo Alto | 42,899 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 3,290,983 | 76.71 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3400 Hillview | Palo Alto | 207,857 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 15,008,606 | 72.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clocktower Square | Palo Alto | 100,655 | 44.6 | 100.0 | 4,069,401 | 90.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foothill Research Center | Palo Alto | 195,385 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 14,291,460 | 73.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page Mill Center(8) | Palo Alto | 94,542 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 6,074,841 | 64.26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Mill Hill | Palo Alto | 182,676 | 82.0 | 82.0 | 11,704,377 | 78.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gateway | North San Jose | 609,093 | 87.3 | 87.3 | 22,287,416 | 41.90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1740 Technology | North San Jose | 206,879 | 99.5 | 99.5 | 8,597,223 | 41.76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concourse | North San Jose | 944,386 | 92.0 | 92.2 | 34,413,114 | 39.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skyport Plaza | North San Jose | 418,086 | 96.2 | 96.2 | 15,256,242 | 37.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Techmart | Santa Clara | 284,440 | 78.8 | 78.8 | 10,938,343 | 48.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 6,929,947 | 92.6 | 93.5 | 365,212,460 | 56.90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6922 Hollywood | Hollywood | 202,528 | 75.7 | 75.7 | 8,290,673 | 54.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6040 Sunset(9) | Hollywood | 114,958 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 6,414,656 | 55.80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ICON(9) | Hollywood | 326,792 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 19,492,518 | 59.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CUE(9) | Hollywood | 94,386 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 5,696,484 | 60.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 604 Arizona | West Los Angeles | 44,260 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 3,129,220 | 70.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3401 Exposition | West Los Angeles | 63,376 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 3,042,105 | 48.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10900 Washington | West Los Angeles | 9,919 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 448,736 | 45.24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10950 Washington | West Los Angeles | 159,198 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 7,133,760 | 44.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11601 Wilshire | West Los Angeles | 500,475 | 89.6 | 92.7 | 20,954,152 | 46.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Element LA | West Los Angeles | 284,037 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 17,343,691 | 61.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 1,799,929 | 94.4 | 95.2 | 91,945,995 | 54.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total same-store | 10,187,240 | 92.9 | 93.6 | 502,810,760 | 53.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NON-SAME-STORE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vancouver, British Columbia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bentall Centre(10) | Downtown Vancouver | 1,488,266 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 40,724,699 | 27.97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 1,488,266 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 40,724,699 | 27.97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1918 Eighth(6) | Denny Triangle | 668,109 | 98.1 | 99.6 | 20,075,870 | 30.62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 668,109 | 98.1 | 99.6 | 20,075,870 | 30.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metro Plaza(11) | North San Jose | 408,594 | 91.0 | 91.0 | 15,912,333 | 42.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shorebreeze | Redwood Shores | 230,932 | 89.0 | 89.0 | 13,009,783 | 63.26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 639,526 | 90.3 | 90.3 | 28,922,116 | 50.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EPIC(9) | Hollywood | 301,127 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 20,597,087 | 68.40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth & Traction | Downtown Los Angeles | 131,701 | 93.5 | 100.0 | 5,383,660 | 43.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maxwell(12) | Downtown Los Angeles | 102,963 | 94.8 | 94.8 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10850 Pico(13) | West Los Angeles | 55,650 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2,179,567 | 39.17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 591,441 | 97.6 | 99.1 | 28,160,314 | 48.77 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-same-store | 3,387,342 | 96.4 | 97.2 | 117,882,999 | 36.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stabilized | 13,574,582 | 93.8 | 94.5 | 620,693,759 | 48.77 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company’s Share of Total Stabilized | 10,944,413 | 92.7 | 93.5 | 513,952,560 | 50.67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | Percent Occupied(2) | Percent Leased(3) | Annualized Base Rent(4) | Annualized Base Rent Per Square Foot(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LEASE-UP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95 Jackson | Pioneer Square | 35,904 | 74.3 | 74.3 | 1,110,164 | 41.64 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 35,904 | 74.3 | 74.3 | 1,110,164 | 41.64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metro Center | Foster City | 736,986 | 79.1 | 79.4 | 34,577,275 | 59.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 333 Twin Dolphin | Redwood Shores | 182,789 | 74.9 | 74.9 | 8,243,745 | 60.22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 919,775 | 78.2 | 78.5 | 42,821,020 | 59.50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease-up | 955,679 | 78.1 | 78.3 | 43,931,184 | 58.86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL IN-SERVICE | 14,530,261 | 92.7 | % | 93.5 | % | $ | 664,624,943 | $ | 49.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COMPANY’S SHARE OF TOTAL IN-SERVICE | 11,900,092 | 91.5 | % | 92.3 | % | $ | 557,883,744 | $ | 51.24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Determined by management based upon estimated leasable square feet, which may be less or more than the Building Owners and Managers Association (“BOMA”) rentable area. Square footage may change over time due to re-measurement or re-leasing.
2.Calculated as (i) square footage under commenced leases as of December 31, 2020, divided by (ii) total square feet, expressed as a percentage.
3.Calculated as (i) square footage under commenced and uncommenced leases as of December 31, 2020, divided by (ii) total square feet, expressed as a percentage.
4.Presented on an annualized basis and is calculated by multiplying (i) base rental payments (defined as cash base rents (before abatements or deferments)) under commenced leases as of December 31, 2020, by (ii) 12. Annualized base rent does not reflect tenant reimbursements.
5.Calculated as (i) annualized base rent divided by (ii) square footage under commenced leases as of December 31, 2020. Annualized base rent does not reflect tenant reimbursements.
6.We own 55% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint ventures that own Hill7, 1455 Market, Ferry Building and 1918 Eighth.
7.20,047 square feet at Rincon Center was taken off-line for repositioning as of third quarter 2019. An additional 6,444 square feet was taken off-line in subsequent quarters. The total repositioning space was re-measured during fourth quarter 2020 at 36,905 square feet.
8.63,201 square feet at Page Mill Center was taken off-line for repositioning as of first quarter 2020. This space was re-measured during second quarter 2020 to 64,038 square feet. An additional 15,018 square feet was taken off-line for repositioning as of third quarter 2020.
9.We own 51% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns 6040 Sunset, ICON, CUE and EPIC.
10.We own 20% of the ownership interest in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Bentall Centre. Annualized base rent and rental rates have been converted from CAD to USD using the foreign currency exchange rate as of December 31, 2020.
11.17,624 square feet at Metro Plaza was taken off-line for repositioning as of fourth quarter 2019. An additional 30,851 square feet was taken off-line for repositioning as of first quarter 2020. The total repositioning space was re-measured during third quarter 2020 at 61,066 square feet.
12.We entered into an agreement with WeWork Companies Inc. stipulating that the tenant shall pay substitution rent in an amount equal to 70% of net revenues actually received during each full calendar month for the remainder of the lease term in lieu of paying monthly base rent. We reserve the option to terminate this lease in its entirety or as to a full floor of the premises at any time by providing a minimum 60 days’ written notice.
13.We own 75% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns 10850 Pico. 40,337 square feet at 10850 Pico was taken off-line for repositioning as of first quarter 2020.
Repositioning, Redevelopment and Development Portfolio
Properties are selected for repositioning when a portion of the asset is reclassified for purposes of improving its quality and value through investment of significant capital, resulting in substantial down time in occupancy. Properties are selected for redevelopment or development when we believe the result will render a higher economic return. A redevelopment can consist of a range of improvements to a property, and may constitute a complete structural renovation of a building or remodeling select areas to make the property more attractive to tenants. Repositioning, redevelopment and development properties are excluded from our in-service portfolio to maintain consistency in evaluating our performance from period to period. The repositioning, redevelopment and development processes are generally capital-intensive and occur over the course of several months or years. Commonly associated with newly-acquired properties, redevelopment efforts may also occur at properties we currently own.
34
The following table summarizes information relating to each of the in-service office properties,repositioning, redevelopment development and held for saledevelopment properties owned as of December 31, 2017:2020:
Percent Leased(2) | Annualized Base Rent(3) | Annualized Base Rent Per Square Foot(4) | ||||||||||||||
| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | ||||||||||||||
SAME-STORE(5) | ||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||
| Northview Center | Lynnwood | 182,009 | 94.8 | % | $ | 3,544,226 | $ | 21.23 | ||||||||
| Met Park North | South Lake Union | 190,748 | 95.8 | 5,296,965 | 28.99 | |||||||||||
| Merrill Place | Pioneer Square | 163,768 | 95.8 | 4,738,713 | 30.66 | |||||||||||
| 505 First | Pioneer Square | 288,140 | 97.4 | 6,455,866 | 23.00 | |||||||||||
| 83 King | Pioneer Square | 185,206 | 100.0 | 4,742,559 | 28.64 | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 1,009,871 | 96.8 | % | 24,778,329 | $ | 26.07 | ||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||
1455 Market(6) | San Francisco | 1,025,833 | 99.7 | % | $ | 40,472,477 | $ | 39.56 | ||||||||
| 275 Brannan | San Francisco | 54,673 | 100.0 | 3,261,352 | 59.65 | |||||||||||
| 625 Second | San Francisco | 138,080 | 100.0 | 8,664,372 | 62.77 | |||||||||||
| 875 Howard | San Francisco | 286,270 | 100.0 | 12,197,068 | 42.63 | |||||||||||
| 901 Market | San Francisco | 206,697 | 100.0 | 11,004,655 | 55.41 | |||||||||||
| Rincon Center | San Francisco | 580,850 | 94.4 | 30,361,087 | 55.39 | |||||||||||
| Towers at Shore Center | Redwood Shores | 334,483 | 83.2 | 16,381,859 | 58.84 | |||||||||||
| Skyway Landing | Redwood Shores | 247,173 | 88.9 | 9,944,188 | 46.87 | |||||||||||
| 3176 Porter (formerly Lockheed) | Palo Alto | 42,899 | 100.0 | 3,011,716 | 70.20 | |||||||||||
| 3400 Hillview | Palo Alto | 207,857 | 100.0 | 13,735,024 | 66.08 | |||||||||||
| Clocktower Square | Palo Alto | 100,344 | 79.0 | 4,112,028 | 78.83 | |||||||||||
| Foothill Research Center | Palo Alto | 195,376 | 100.0 | 12,920,752 | 66.14 | |||||||||||
| Campus Center | Milpitas | 471,580 | 100.0 | 15,845,088 | 33.60 | |||||||||||
| 1740 Technology | North San Jose | 206,876 | 98.0 | 7,466,150 | 36.81 | |||||||||||
| Concourse | North San Jose | 944,386 | 96.9 | 28,212,197 | 32.50 | |||||||||||
| Skyport Plaza | North San Jose | 418,086 | 99.1 | 13,639,733 | 33.59 | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 5,461,463 | 96.7 | % | $ | 231,229,746 | $ | 44.59 | |||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||
| 6922 Hollywood | Hollywood | 205,523 | 87.7 | % | $ | 8,493,830 | $ | 47.13 | ||||||||
| 6040 Sunset (formerly Technicolor Building) | Hollywood | 114,958 | 100.0 | 5,220,427 | 45.41 | |||||||||||
| 3401 Exposition | West Los Angeles | 63,376 | 100.0 | 2,783,957 | 43.93 | |||||||||||
| 10900 Washington | West Los Angeles | 9,919 | 100.0 | 422,549 | 42.60 | |||||||||||
| 10950 Washington | West Los Angeles | 159,025 | 100.0 | 6,717,466 | 42.24 | |||||||||||
| Element LA | West Los Angeles | 284,037 | 100.0 | 15,871,935 | 55.88 | |||||||||||
| Del Amo | Torrance | 113,000 | 100.0 | 3,327,208 | 29.44 | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 949,838 | 97.3 | % | $ | 42,837,372 | $ | 46.33 | |||||||||
| Total Same-Store | 7,421,172 | 96.8 | % | $ | 298,845,447 | $ | 42.32 | |||||||||
| NON-SAME-STORE | ||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||
| 555 Twin Dolphin | Redwood Shores | 198,936 | 93.1 | % | $ | 9,595,641 | $ | 51.83 | ||||||||
| Page Mill Center | Palo Alto | 176,245 | 99.9 | 12,090,642 | 68.64 | |||||||||||
Percent Leased(2) | Annualized Base Rent(3) | Annualized Base Rent Per Square Foot(4) | ||||||||||||||
| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | ||||||||||||||
| Page Mill Hill | Palo Alto | 182,676 | 87.1 | 10,371,206 | 65.16 | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 557,857 | 93.3 | % | $ | 32,057,489 | $ | 61.60 | |||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||
| ICON | Hollywood | 325,757 | 100.0 | % | $ | 17,800,735 | $ | 54.64 | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 325,757 | 100.0 | % | $ | 17,800,735 | $ | 54.64 | |||||||||
| Total Non-Same-Store | 883,614 | 95.8 | % | $ | 49,858,224 | $ | 58.92 | |||||||||
| Total Stabilized | 8,304,786 | 96.7 | % | $ | 348,703,671 | $ | 44.10 | |||||||||
| LEASE-UP | ||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||
Hill7(7) | South Lake Union | 284,527 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,371,541 | $ | 36.57 | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 284,527 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,371,541 | $ | 36.57 | |||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||
| Peninsula Office Park | San Mateo | 447,739 | 89.0 | % | $ | 18,550,336 | $ | 47.24 | ||||||||
| Metro Center | Foster City | 730,215 | 79.6 | 27,571,653 | 47.45 | |||||||||||
| 333 Twin Dolphin | Redwood Shores | 182,789 | 74.6 | 7,735,117 | 56.73 | |||||||||||
| Shorebreeze | Redwood Shores | 230,932 | 71.5 | 8,730,444 | 56.09 | |||||||||||
| Palo Alto Square | Palo Alto | 333,254 | 76.8 | 20,373,010 | 79.61 | |||||||||||
| Techmart | Santa Clara | 284,440 | 88.9 | 10,536,177 | 43.71 | |||||||||||
| Gateway | North San Jose | 609,093 | 81.3 | 15,811,721 | 34.48 | |||||||||||
| Metro Plaza | North San Jose | 456,921 | 76.5 | 12,382,999 | 35.55 | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 3,275,383 | 80.4 | % | $ | 121,691,457 | $ | 47.36 | |||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||
| 11601 Wilshire | West Los Angeles | 500,475 | 88.1 | % | $ | 17,876,406 | $ | 41.66 | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 500,475 | 88.1 | % | $ | 17,876,406 | $ | 41.66 | |||||||||
| Total Lease-Up | 4,060,385 | 82.7 | % | $ | 148,939,404 | $ | 45.76 | |||||||||
| Total In-Service | 12,365,171 | 92.1 | % | $ | 497,643,075 | $ | 44.58 | |||||||||
| REDEVELOPMENT | ||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||
| 95 Jackson (formerly Merrill Place Theater Building) | Pioneer Square | 31,659 | 79.2 | % | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 31,659 | 79.2 | % | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||
| MaxWell | Downtown Los Angeles | 99,090 | — | % | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Fourth & Traction | Downtown Los Angeles | 120,937 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
| 604 Arizona | West Los Angeles | 44,260 | 100.0 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 264,287 | 16.7 | % | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| Total Redevelopment | 295,946 | 23.4 | % | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| DEVELOPMENT | ||||||||||||||||
| Greater Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||
| 450 Alaskan | Pioneer Square | 170,974 | 67.6 | % | $ | 3,584,540 | $ | 38.00 | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 170,974 | 67.6 | % | $ | 3,584,540 | $ | 38.00 | |||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||
| CUE | Hollywood | 91,953 | 100.0 | % | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 91,953 | 100.0 | % | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
Percent Leased(2) | Annualized Base Rent(3) | Annualized Base Rent Per Square Foot(4) | ||||||||||||||
| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | ||||||||||||||
| Total Development | 262,927 | 78.9 | % | $ | 3,584,540 | $ | 38.00 | |||||||||
| HELD FOR SALE | ||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||
| 2600 Campus Drive (building 6 of Peninsula Office Park) | San Mateo | 63,050 | — | % | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| 2180 Sand Hill | Palo Alto | 45,613 | 94.6 | 4,228,529 | 97.97 | |||||||||||
| Embarcadero Place | Palo Alto | 197,402 | 77.2 | 6,969,599 | 45.74 | |||||||||||
| Subtotal | 306,065 | 63.9 | % | $ | 11,198,128 | $ | 57.27 | |||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||
| 9300 Wilshire | West Los Angeles | 61,422 | 78.9 | % | $ | 2,276,443 | $ | 46.99 | ||||||||
| Subtotal | 61,422 | 78.9 | % | $ | 2,276,443 | $ | 46.99 | |||||||||
| Total Held for Sale | 367,487 | 66.4 | % | $ | 13,474,571 | $ | 55.23 | |||||||||
| Total Redevelopment, Development and Held for Sale | 926,360 | 56.2 | % | $ | 17,059,111 | $ | 50.42 | |||||||||
| Submarket | Square | |||||||||||||
| Repositioning: | ||||||||||||||
| San Francisco | 36,905 | |||||||||||||
| Page Mill Center | Palo Alto | 79,056 | ||||||||||||
| Metro Plaza | North San Jose | 61,066 | ||||||||||||
10850 Pico(2) | West Los Angeles | 40,337 | ||||||||||||
| Total repositioning | 217,364 | |||||||||||||
One Westside(3) | West Los Angeles | 584,000 | ||||||||||||
| Del Amo | Torrance | 113,000 | ||||||||||||
| Total redevelopment | 697,000 | |||||||||||||
Harlow(4) | Hollywood | 106,125 | ||||||||||||
| Total development | 106,125 | |||||||||||||
| 1,020,489 | ||||||||||||||
| COMPANY’S SHARE OF TOTAL REPOSITIONING, REDEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT | 812,404 | |||||||||||||
_____________
1.Determined by management based upon estimated leasable square feet, which may be less or more than the BOMA rentable area. Square footage may change over time due to re-measurement or re-leasing.
2.We own 75% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns 10850 Pico.
3.We own 75% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns One Westside. This property is fully leased to Google, Inc. for approximately 14 years anticipated to commence upon completion of construction and build-out of tenant improvements in 2022.
4.We own 51% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns Harlow.
35
Tenant Diversification
The following table sets forth certainsummarizes information relating to eachregarding the 15 largest tenants in our office portfolio based on Company’s share of the land properties ownedannualized base rent as of December 31, 2017:2020:
| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | Percent of Total | |||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||
| Cloud10 (formerly Skyport Plaza) | North San Jose | 350,000 | 11.5 | % | ||||
| Campus Center | Milpitas | 946,350 | 31.1 | |||||
| Subtotal | 1,296,350 | 42.6 | % | |||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||
| EPIC | Hollywood | 300,000 | 9.8 | % | ||||
Sunset Bronson Studios—Lot D(2) | Hollywood | 19,816 | 0.7 | |||||
| Sunset Gower Studios—Redevelopment | Hollywood | 423,396 | 13.9 | |||||
Sunset Las Palmas Studios—Harlow (formerly 1021 Seward)(3) | Hollywood | 106,125 | 3.5 | |||||
| Sunset Las Palmas Studios—Redevelopment | Hollywood | 400,000 | 13.1 | |||||
| Element LA | West Los Angeles | 500,000 | 16.4 | |||||
| Subtotal | 1,749,337 | 57.4 | % | |||||
| TOTAL | 3,045,687 | 100.0 | % | |||||
Tenant(1) | Property | Lease Expiration | Total Occupied Square Feet | Company’s Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Occupied Square Feet | Percent of Rentable Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(2) | Percent of Annualized Base Rent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Google, Inc. | Various | Various | 640,726 | (3) | 622,117 | 4.9 | % | $ | 47,709,365 | 8.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Netflix, Inc. | Various | 9/30/2031 | 722,305 | (4) | 368,376 | 2.9 | 23,350,905 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Nutanix, Inc. | Various | 5/31/2024 | 439,406 | (5) | 439,406 | 3.5 | 17,964,505 | 3.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Riot Games, Inc. | Element LA | 3/31/2030 | 284,037 | (6) | 284,037 | 2.2 | 17,343,691 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Qualcomm | Skyport Plaza | 7/31/2022 | 376,817 | 376,817 | 3.0 | 14,505,947 | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | Salesforce.com | Rincon Center | Various | 265,394 | (7) | 265,394 | 2.1 | 14,140,695 | 2.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | Amazon | Various | Various | 700,917 | (8) | 448,425 | 3.5 | 13,546,786 | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | Square, Inc. | 1455 Market(9) | 9/27/2023 | 469,056 | 257,981 | 2.0 | 12,973,776 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | Dell EMC Corporation | Various | Various | 311,795 | (10) | 311,795 | 2.5 | 12,198,893 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | Uber Technologies, Inc. | 1455 Market(9) | 2/28/2025 | 325,445 | 178,995 | 1.4 | 9,363,617 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | NFL Enterprises | Various | 12/31/2023 | 167,606 | (11) | 167,606 | 1.3 | 7,582,495 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | GitHub, Inc. | Various | 6/30/2025 | 92,450 | (12) | 92,450 | 0.7 | 6,554,532 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | Regus | Various | Various | 150,081 | (13) | 150,081 | 1.2 | 6,537,247 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP | Towers at Shore Center | 8/31/2026 | 76,278 | 76,278 | 0.6 | 5,580,351 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | WeWork Companies Inc. | Various | Various | 374,542 | (14) | 203,077 | 1.6 | 5,425,467 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | 5,396,855 | 4,242,835 | 33.4 | % | $ | 214,778,272 | 38.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Presented in order of Company’s share of annualized base rent.
| Property | Square Feet | Percent Leased | Annual Base Rent(2) | Annual Base Rent Per Leased Square Foot(3) | |||||||||||
| Sunset Gower Studios | 564,976 | (1) | 88.5 | % | $ | 16,733,352 | $ | 33.47 | |||||||
| Sunset Bronson Studios | 308,026 | 94.9 | 11,197,439 | 38.30 | |||||||||||
| Total Same-Store Media & Entertainment | 873,002 | 90.7 | % | (2) | $ | 27,930,791 | (3) | $ | 35.26 | (4) | |||||
Sunset Las Palmas Studios(5) | 376,925 | 76.1 | |||||||||||||
| Total Non-Same-Store Media & Entertainment | 376,925 | 76.1 | % | (6) | |||||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment | 1,249,927 | ||||||||||||||
3.Google, Inc. expirations by square footage and property: (i) 207,857 square feet at 3400 Hillview expiring on November 30, 2021, (ii) 182,672 square feet at Foothill Research Center expiring on February 28, 2025, (iii) 208,843 square feet at Rincon Center expiring on February 29, 2028, and (iv) 41,354 square feet at Ferry Building expiring on October 31, 2029. We own 55% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns Ferry Building. Google, Inc. may elect to exercise its early termination right at Rincon Center for 166,460 square feet effective April 15, 2025 by delivering written notice on or before January 15, 2024. At One Westside, Google, Inc. is expected to take possession of an additional 584,000 square feet during first quarter 2022. We own 75% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns One Westside.
4.Netflix, Inc. expirations by square footage and property: (i) 326,792 square feet at ICON, (ii) 301,127 square feet at EPIC, and (iii) 94,386 square feet at CUE. We own 51% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns ICON, EPIC and CUE.
5.Nutanix, Inc. expirations by square footage and property: (i) 199,445 square feet at 1740 Technology, (ii) 131,351 square feet at Concourse, and (iii) 108,610 square feet at Metro Plaza. At 1740 Technology, Nutanix, Inc. is expected to take possession of an additional 6,413 square feet during second quarter 2022. All leases for Nutanix, Inc. will expire on May 31, 2024.
6.Riot Games, Inc. may elect to exercise its early termination right for the entire premises effective February 28, 2025 by delivering written notice on or before February 29, 2024.
7.Salesforce.com expirations by square footage: (i) 83,016 square feet expiring on July 31, 2025, (ii) 83,372 square feet expiring on April 30, 2027, (iii) 93,028 square feet expiring on October 31, 2028, and (iv) 5,978 square feet of month-to-month storage space. Salesforce.com subleased 259,416 square feet at Rincon Center to Twilio Inc. during third quarter 2018. Effective January 30, 2019, we entered into an agreement to reimburse Salesforce.com approximately 92.1% leased (giving effect$6.3 million for costs incurred in connection with the sublease. We are entitled to leases signed but not commencedrecoup this cost from amounts paid pursuant to the sublease commencing February 1, 2019, of which we have been fully reimbursed as of March 31, 2020. Thereafter, Salesforce.com has paid us 50% of any amounts received pursuant to the sublease, such that date). Allwe began receiving an average of our office properties are located$340,000 per month of sublease cash rents starting June 2020, with annual growth thereafter.
8.Amazon expirations by square footage and property: (i) 139,824 square feet at Met Park North expiring on November 30, 2023 and (ii) 561,093 square feet at 1918 Eighth expiring on September 30, 2030. At 1918 Eighth, Amazon is expected to take possession of an additional 9,945 square feet during first quarter 2021. We own 55% of the ownership interest in Northernthe consolidated joint venture that owns 1918 Eighth.
9.We own 55% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns 1455 Market.
10.Dell EMC Corporation expirations by square footage and Southern California and the Pacific Northwest. As ofproperty: (i) 185,292 square feet at 505 First expiring on October 18, 2021, (ii) 42,954 square feet at 505 First expiring on December 31, 2017,2023, and (iii) 83,549 square feet at 875 Howard expiring on June 30, 2026.
11.NFL Enterprises by square footage and property: (i) 157,687 square feet at 10950 Washington and (ii) 9,919 square feet at 10900 Washington. NFL Enterprises may elect to exercise its early termination right for the weighted average remainingentire premises effective December 31, 2022 by delivering written notice on or before September 30, 2021.
36
12.GitHub Inc. expirations by square footage and property: (i) 57,120 square feet at 275 Brannan and (ii) 35,330 square feet at 625 Second.
13.Regus expirations by square footage and property: (i) 26,661 square feet at 95 Jackson expired on December 31, 2020, (ii) 44,957 square feet at Gateway expiring on March 31, 2022, (iii) 20,059 square feet at 11601 Wilshire expiring on February 29, 2024, (iv) 27,369 square feet at Techmart expiring on April 30, 2025, (v) 9,739 square feet at Palo Alto Square expiring on April 30, 2026, and (vi) 21,296 square feet at 450 Alaskan expiring on October 31, 2030.
14.WeWork Companies Inc. expirations by square footage and property: (i) 12,713 square feet at Foothill Research Center expiring June 30, 2022, (ii) 54,336 square feet at Hill7 expiring January 31, 2030, (iii) 94,826 square feet at Maxwell expiring June 30, 2031, (iv) 66,056 square feet at 1455 Market expiring October 31, 2031, and (v) 146,611 square feet at Bentall Centre expiring October 31, 2033. We own 55% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint ventures that own Hill7 and 1455 Market, and 20% of the ownership interest in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Bentall Centre. We entered into an agreement with WeWork Companies Inc. with respect to its lease at Maxwell stipulating that the tenant shall pay substitution rent in an amount equal to 70% of net revenues actually received during each full calendar month for the remainder of the lease term for our stabilized office portfolio was 4.8 years.in lieu of paying monthly base rent. We reserve the option to terminate the Maxwell lease in its entirety or as to a full floor of the premises at any time by providing a minimum 60 days’ written notice.
Our office portfolio is currently leased to a variety of companies. The following table sets forthsummarizes information regardingrelating to the 15 largest tenantsindustry diversification in our office portfolio based on annualized base rent as of December 31, 2017:2020:
| Property | Number of | Lease Expiration | Total Leased Square Feet | Percentage of Office Portfolio Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(1) | Percentage of Office Portfolio Annualized Base Rent | |||||||||||||||
| Tenant | Leases | Properties | |||||||||||||||||||
Google, Inc.(2) | Various | 3 | 3 | Various | 472,189 | 3.6 | % | $ | 32,636,370 | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||
Netflix, Inc.(3) | ICON | 1 | 1 | 12/31/2026 | 325,757 | 2.5 | 17,800,735 | 3.5 | |||||||||||||
Cisco Systems, Inc.(4) | Various | 2 | 2 | Various | 474,576 | 3.6 | 15,946,113 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||
Riot Games, Inc.(5) | Element LA | 1 | 1 | 3/31/2030 | 284,037 | 2.1 | 15,871,935 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||
Uber Technologies, Inc.(6) | 1455 Market | 1 | 1 | 2/28/2025 | 309,811 | 2.3 | 15,042,228 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||
| Qualcomm | Skyport Plaza | 2 | 1 | 7/31/2022 | 376,817 | 2.8 | 13,276,016 | 2.6 | |||||||||||||
Salesforce.com(7) | Rincon Center | 2 | 1 | Various | 265,394 | 2.0 | 13,260,782 | 2.6 | |||||||||||||
Square, Inc.(8) | 1455 Market | 1 | 1 | 9/27/2023 | 338,910 | 2.5 | 11,761,423 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||
Stanford(9) | Various | 4 | 3 | Various | 151,249 | 1.1 | 10,615,279 | 2.1 | |||||||||||||
GSA(10) | Various | 5 | 5 | Various | 194,485 | 1.5 | 9,139,692 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
EMC Corporation(11) | Various | 3 | 2 | Various | 294,756 | 2.2 | 8,055,636 | 1.6 | |||||||||||||
NetSuite, Inc.(12) | Peninsula Office Park | 2 | 1 | Various | 166,667 | 1.3 | 8,020,100 | 1.6 | |||||||||||||
NFL Enterprises(13) | Various | 2 | 2 | 12/31/2023 | 167,606 | 1.3 | 7,140,016 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||
Nutanix, Inc.(14) | Various | 2 | 2 | 3/31/2021 | 176,446 | 1.3 | 6,751,364 | 1.3 | |||||||||||||
White & Case LLP(15) | Palo Alto Square | 2 | 1 | Various | 66,363 | 0.5 | 5,829,623 | 1.1 | |||||||||||||
| Total | 33 | 27 | 4,065,063 | 30.6 | % | $ | 191,147,312 | 37.3 | % | ||||||||||||
| Company’s Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Industry(1) | Square Feet(2)(3) | Annualized Base Rent as Percent of Total | Square Feet(2)(4) | Annualized Base Rent as Percent of Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Technology | 4,861,008 | 37.9 | % | 4,290,135 | 40.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Media and Entertainment | 1,789,641 | 15.6 | 1,308,040 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Business Services | 1,343,008 | (5) | 9.3 | 1,073,228 | (6) | 9.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Legal | 707,089 | 7.2 | 645,855 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Services | 1,163,792 | 8.3 | 824,816 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 1,256,072 | (7) | 6.5 | 952,442 | (8) | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | 727,231 | 5.2 | 561,164 | 5.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | 491,764 | 3.1 | 263,231 | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare | 210,236 | 1.9 | 199,085 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance | 247,377 | 1.6 | 192,579 | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Educational | 161,567 | 1.2 | 156,612 | 1.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government | 264,441 | 1.6 | 200,177 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising | 60,075 | 0.6 | 55,656 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 13,283,301 | 100.0 | % | 10,723,020 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Determined by management using Thompson Reuters Business Classification and presented in order of Company’s share of annualized base rent.
2.Excludes signed leases not commenced.
3.Excludes 190,707 square feet occupied by the Company.
4.Excludes 165,499 square feet occupied by the Company.
5.Includes 637,832 square feet occupied by co-working tenants (represents 3.9% of total annualized base rent).
6.Includes 445,759 square feet occupied by co-working tenants (represents 3.2% of the Company’s Share of total annualized base rent).
7.Includes 431,246 square feet of storefront retail (represents 2.3% of total annualized base rent).
8.Includes 380,108 square feet of storefront retail (represents 2.3% of the Company’s Share of total annualized base rent).
37
Lease Distribution of Office Portfolio
The following table sets forth information relating to the distribution of leases in our office portfolio, based on net rentable square feet under lease as of December 31, 2017:2020:
| Square Feet Under Lease | Number of Leases | Percentage of All Leases | Total Leased Square Feet | Percentage of Office Portfolio Leased Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(1) | Percentage of Office Portfolio Annualized Base Rent | |||||||||||||
| 2,500 or Less | 252 | 28.9 | % | 367,337 | 3.1 | % | $ | 15,488,708 | 2.9 | % | |||||||||
| 2,501-10,000 | 369 | 42.2 | 1,892,796 | 15.9 | 86,640,667 | 16.1 | |||||||||||||
| 10,001-20,000 | 82 | 9.4 | 1,166,050 | 9.8 | 56,835,075 | 10.6 | |||||||||||||
| 20,001-40,000 | 63 | 7.2 | 1,777,484 | 14.9 | 87,583,849 | 16.4 | |||||||||||||
| 40,001-100,000 | 37 | 4.2 | 2,266,243 | 19.0 | 104,350,966 | 19.5 | |||||||||||||
| Greater than 100,000 | 19 | 2.2 | 3,873,907 | 32.5 | 163,802,920 | 30.6 | |||||||||||||
| Building management use | 24 | 2.7 | 156,532 | 1.3 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Signed leases not commenced | 28 | 3.2 | 412,720 | 3.5 | 20,735,630 | 3.9 | |||||||||||||
| Office Portfolio Total: | 874 | 100.0 | % | 11,913,069 | 100.0 | % | $ | 535,437,815 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
| Company’s Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Square Feet Under Lease | Number of Leases | Total Leased Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(1) | Number of Leases | Total Leased Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(1) | |||||||||||||||||
| 10,000 or Less | 663 | 2,363,208 | $ | 115,181,319 | 695 | 2,113,311 | $ | 107,082,076 | |||||||||||||||
| 10,001-25,000 | 118 | 1,877,843 | 90,492,801 | 100 | 1,566,954 | 85,376,524 | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,001-50,000 | 57 | 2,126,840 | 123,413,532 | 53 | 1,910,761 | 111,327,238 | |||||||||||||||||
| 50,001-100,000 | 31 | 2,278,210 | 106,707,088 | 24 | 1,752,662 | 86,040,390 | |||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 100,000 | 21 | 4,637,200 | 228,830,200 | 18 | 3,379,332 | 168,057,513 | |||||||||||||||||
| Building Management Use | 35 | 190,707 | — | 35 | 165,499 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Signed Leases Not Commenced | 14 | 691,005 | 43,462,205 | 14 | 533,377 | 33,910,362 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 939 | 14,165,013 | $ | 708,087,145 | 939 | 11,421,896 | $ | 591,794,103 | |||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Annualized base rent is calculated by multiplying (i) base rental payments (defined as cash base rents (before abatements or deferments)), including uncommenced leases, as of December 31, 2020 (ii) by 12. Annualized base rent does not reflect tenant reimbursements.
Lease Expirations of Office Portfolio
The following table sets forth a summary schedule ofsummarizes the lease expirations for leases in place as of December 31, 2017 plus available space, for each of the ten full calendar years beginning January 1, 2017 at the properties in our office portfolio.2020, including vacancies. Unless otherwise stated in the footnotes, the information set forth in the table assumes that tenants did not exercise noany renewal options.
| Company’s Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year of Lease Expiration | Expiring Leases | Square Footage of Expiring Leases | Percentage of Office Portfolio Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(1) | Percentage of Office Portfolio Annualized Base Rent | Annualized Base Rent Per Leased Square Foot(2) | Year of Lease Expiration | Number of Leases Expiring(1) | Square Footage of Expiring Leases(2)(3) | Square Footage of Expiring Leases(2)(4) | Percent of Office Portfolio Square Feet | Annualized Base Rent(2) | Percentage of Office Portfolio Annualized Base Rent | Annualized Base Rent Per Leased Square Foot(5) | Annualized Base Rent at Expiration | Annualized Base Rent Per Lease Square Foot at Expiration(6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacant | 1,378,462 | 10.5 | % | Vacant | 1,385,737 | 1,290,600 | 10.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017(3) | 19 | 728,519 | 5.5 | $ | 25,038,886 | 4.6 | % | $ | 34.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 161 | 1,092,776 | 8.3 | 48,431,136 | 9.1 | 44.32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 162 | 1,670,751 | 12.6 | 75,658,067 | 14.2 | 45.28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 128 | 1,142,245 | 8.6 | 53,934,005 | 10.1 | 47.22 | 2020 | 17 | 90,936 | 75,725 | 0.6 | $ | 3,976,555 | 0.7 | % | $ | 52.51 | $ | 3,976,552 | $ | 52.51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 98 | 1,313,784 | 9.9 | 55,100,389 | 10.3 | 41.94 | 2021 | 180 | 1,451,755 | 1,320,045 | 10.4 | 63,243,523 | 10.7 | 47.91 | 64,102,897 | 48.56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 86 | 1,175,667 | 8.9 | 52,550,007 | 9.8 | 44.70 | 2022 | 188 | 1,634,875 | 1,426,448 | 11.2 | 72,244,934 | 12.2 | 50.65 | 76,215,872 | 53.43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 42 | 1,122,788 | 8.5 | 41,446,929 | 7.8 | 36.91 | 2023 | 126 | 1,856,568 | 1,437,580 | 11.3 | 66,674,198 | 11.4 | 46.38 | 72,220,786 | 50.24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 35 | 599,925 | 4.5 | 29,965,786 | 5.6 | 49.95 | 2024 | 123 | 1,804,468 | 1,607,366 | 12.7 | 82,322,671 | 13.9 | 51.22 | 91,600,964 | 56.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 17 | 708,427 | 5.4 | 34,980,819 | 6.6 | 49.38 | 2025 | 82 | 1,622,973 | 1,311,465 | 10.3 | 75,643,914 | 12.8 | 57.68 | 86,032,021 | 65.60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 14 | 561,905 | 4.2 | 31,082,496 | 5.8 | 55.32 | 2026 | 43 | 597,351 | 508,136 | 4.0 | 29,553,544 | 5.0 | 58.16 | 34,299,588 | 67.50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 2027 | 28 | 612,778 | 524,702 | 4.1 | 30,036,504 | 5.1 | 57.24 | 35,695,866 | 68.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 | 2028 | 22 | 704,768 | 630,748 | 5.0 | 40,966,681 | 6.9 | 64.95 | 50,119,796 | 79.46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 | 2029 | 16 | 311,382 | 217,548 | 1.7 | 16,247,673 | 2.7 | 74.69 | 19,897,605 | 91.46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 26 | 1,164,442 | 8.8 | 64,871,598 | 12.2 | 55.71 | Thereafter | 30 | 2,567,756 | 1,646,671 | 13.0 | 76,522,538 | 12.9 | 46.47 | 106,069,467 | 64.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Building management use | 24 | 156,532 | 1.2 | — | — | — | 35 | 190,707 | 165,499 | 1.3 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Signed leases not commenced | 28 | 412,720 | 3.1 | 20,735,630 | 3.9 | 50.24 | 14 | 691,005 | 533,377 | 4.2 | 33,910,362 | 5.7 | 63.58 | 48,935,826 | 91.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average(5) | 840 | 13,228,943 | 100.0 | % | $ | 533,795,748 | 100.0 | % | $ | 45.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio Total/Weighted Average | Portfolio Total/Weighted Average | 904 | 15,523,059 | 12,695,910 | 100.0 | % | $ | 591,343,097 | 100.0 | % | $ | 51.85 | $ | 689,167,240 | $ | 60.43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Does not include 35 month-to-month leases.
2.Rent data for our office properties is presented on an annualized basis without regard to cancellation options.
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3.Total expiring square footage does not include 27,691 square feet of month-to-month leases.
4.Total expiring square footage does not include 16,587 square feet of month-to-month leases.
5.Annualized base rent for office properties is calculated by multiplying (i) base rental payments (defined as cash base rents (before abatements or deferments)) as of December 31, 2020, by (ii) 12. Annualized base rent does not reflect tenant reimbursements.
6.Annualized base rent per square foot for all lease expiration years is calculated as (i) base rental payments (defined as cash base rents (before abatements or deferments)) under commenced leases, divided by (ii) square footage under commenced leases as of December 31, 2020.
7.Reflects management offices occupied by the Company with various expiration dates.
8.Annualized base rent per leased square foot and annualized base rent per square foot at expiration for signed leases not commenced reflects uncommenced leases for spaces not occupied as of December 31, 2020 and is calculated as (i) base rental payments (defined as cash base rents at expiration (before abatements or deferments)) under uncommenced leases for vacant space as of December 31, 2020, divided by (ii) square footage under uncommenced leases as of December 31, 2020.
Historical Office Tenant Improvements and Leasing Commissions
The following table sets forth certainrepresents 100% share of consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures, summarizing historical information regarding tenant improvement and leasing commission costs for tenants at our office properties:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
Renewals (1) | ||||||||||||
| Number of leases | 110 | 124 | 90 | |||||||||
| Square feet | 865,937 | 1,588,437 | 661,724 | |||||||||
Tenant improvement costs per square foot (2)(3) | $ | 5.46 | $ | 9.19 | $ | 12.00 | ||||||
Leasing commission costs per square foot (2) | 5.63 | 7.59 | 6.71 | |||||||||
Total tenant improvement and leasing commission costs (2) | $ | 11.09 | $ | 16.78 | $ | 18.71 | ||||||
New leases (4) | ||||||||||||
| Number of leases | 135 | 140 | 135 | |||||||||
| Square feet | 1,263,707 | 1,321,824 | 924,832 | |||||||||
Tenant improvement costs per square foot (2)(3) | $ | 50.32 | $ | 52.56 | $ | 34.55 | ||||||
Leasing commission costs per square foot (2) | 15.81 | 16.28 | 13.70 | |||||||||
Total tenant improvement and leasing commission costs (2) | $ | 66.13 | $ | 68.84 | $ | 48.25 | ||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
| Number of leases | 245 | 264 | 225 | |||||||||
| Square feet | 2,129,644 | 2,910,261 | 1,586,556 | |||||||||
Tenant improvement costs per square foot (2)(3) | $ | 32.08 | $ | 28.89 | $ | 25.14 | ||||||
Leasing commission costs per square foot (2) | 11.67 | 11.53 | 10.78 | |||||||||
Total tenant improvement and leasing commission costs (2) | $ | 43.75 | $ | 40.42 | $ | 35.92 | ||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
Renewals(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of leases | 90 | 122 | 101 | |||||||||||||||||
Square feet(2) | 459,921 | 749,483 | 1,560,700 | |||||||||||||||||
Tenant improvement costs per square foot(3)(4) | $ | 4.40 | $ | 10.78 | $ | 30.39 | ||||||||||||||
Leasing commission costs per square foot(3) | 5.04 | 8.62 | 15.05 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total tenant improvement and leasing commission costs | $ | 9.44 | $ | 19.40 | $ | 45.44 | ||||||||||||||
New leases(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of leases | 72 | 137 | 153 | |||||||||||||||||
| Square feet | 340,415 | 1,785,606 | 1,806,170 | |||||||||||||||||
Tenant improvement costs per square foot(3)(4) | $ | 66.09 | $ | 79.93 | $ | 57.57 | ||||||||||||||
Leasing commission costs per square foot(3) | 12.30 | 23.11 | 18.61 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total tenant improvement and leasing commission costs | $ | 78.39 | $ | 103.04 | $ | 76.18 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of leases | 162 | 259 | 254 | |||||||||||||||||
| Square feet | 800,336 | 2,535,089 | 3,366,870 | |||||||||||||||||
Tenant improvement costs per square foot(3)(4) | $ | 29.13 | $ | 60.18 | $ | 44.97 | ||||||||||||||
Leasing commission costs per square foot(3) | 7.95 | 18.97 | 16.96 | |||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL TENANT IMPROVEMENT AND LEASING COMMISSION COSTS | $ | 37.08 | $ | 79.15 | $ | 61.93 | ||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Excludes retained tenants that have relocated or expanded into new space within our portfolio.
3.Assumes all tenant improvement and leasing commissions are paid in the calendar year in which the lease is executed, which may be different than the year in which they were actually paid.
4.Tenant improvement costs are based on negotiated tenant improvement allowances set forth in leases, or, for any lease in which a tenant improvement allowance was not specified, the aggregate cost originally budgeted at the time the lease commenced.
5.Includes retained tenants that have relocated or expanded into new space within our office properties:portfolio.
| Total Square Feet | |||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
| Vacant space available at the beginning of period | 1,573,433 | 2,150,780 | 806,559 | ||||||
| Expirations as of the last day of the prior period | 64,254 | 241,474 | 61,586 | ||||||
| Adjustment for remeasured square footage | 30,108 | (3,631 | ) | (3,633 | ) | ||||
| Properties acquired vacant space | — | 256,611 | 1,561,081 | ||||||
| Properties placed in service | — | — | 166,800 | ||||||
| Properties disposed vacant space | (79,156 | ) | (231,589 | ) | (54,268 | ) | |||
| Leases expiring or terminated during the period | 1,499,147 | 1,252,708 | 683,567 | ||||||
| Total space available for lease | 3,087,786 | 3,666,353 | 3,221,692 | ||||||
| Leases with new tenants | 889,863 | 798,026 | 533,577 | ||||||
| Lease renewals | 526,981 | 650,133 | 139,188 | ||||||
| Leases signed (uncommenced) at the end of the period | 292,480 | 644,761 | 398,147 | ||||||
| Total space leased | 1,709,324 | 2,092,920 | 1,070,912 | ||||||
| Vacant space available for lease at the end of the period | 1,378,462 | 1,573,433 | 2,150,780 | ||||||
Our studio portfolio consists of operating properties includes three properties that we consider to be media and entertainment properties, comprising an aggregate of 1.2 million square feet located in the heart of Hollywood in Southern California. We define our media and entertainmentstudio properties as those properties in our portfolio that are primarily used for the physical production of media content, such as television programs, feature films, commercials, music videos and photographs. These properties feature a fully-integrated environment within which our media and entertainment-focusedstudio-focused tenants can access production, post-production, traditional office component and support facilities that enables them to conduct their business in a collaborative and efficient setting.
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The following table summarizes information relating to each of the short-term naturestudio properties owned as of December 31, 2020:
| Property | Square Feet | Percent Leased(1) | Annual Base Rent(2) | Annual Base Rent Per Leased Square Foot(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same-store studio: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sunset Gower Studios | 531,756 | 91.8 | % | $ | 18,793,404 | $ | 38.49 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sunset Bronson Studios | 308,026 | 99.1 | 12,434,853 | 40.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sunset Las Palmas Studios | 384,621 | 80.7 | 13,754,831 | 45.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total same-store studio(4) | 1,224,403 | 90.2 | 44,983,088 | 40.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL STUDIO | 1,224,403 | 44,983,088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
COMPANY’S SHARE OF TOTAL STUDIO(5) | 624,446 | $ | 22,941,375 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Percent leased is the average percent leased for the 12 months ended December 31, 2020.
2.Annual base rent reflects actual base rent for the 12 months ended December 31, 2020, excluding tenant reimbursements.
3.Annual base rent per leased square foot is calculated as (i) annual base rent divided by (ii) square footage under lease as of December 31, 2020.
4.Same-store studio defined as all studios owned and included in our portfolio as of January 1, 2019 and still owned and included in our portfolio as of December 31, 2020.
5.We own 51% of the leases into which we enter at our media and entertainment properties, and because entertainment industry tenants generally do not shoot on weekends due to higher costs, we believe stabilized occupancy rates at our media and entertainment properties are lower than those rates achievable at our traditional office assets, where tenants enter into longer-term lease arrangements.
ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns Sunset Gower Studios, Hollywood, CaliforniaSunset Bronson Studios and Sunset Las Palmas Studios.
Land Portfolio
The following table summarizes information relating to each of the consolidated and unconsolidated land properties owned as of December 31, 2020:
| Location | Submarket | Square Feet(1) | Percent of Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Vancouver, British Columbia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bentall Centre—Development(2) | Downtown Vancouver | 450,000 | 14.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 450,000 | 14.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Seattle, Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||
Washington 1000(3) | Denny Triangle | 538,164 | 16.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 538,164 | 16.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area, California | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud10 | North San Jose | 350,000 | 11.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 350,000 | 11.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Los Angeles, California | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sunset Bronson Studios Lot D—Development(4)(5) | Hollywood | 19,816 | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Sunset Gower Studios—Development(5)(6) | Hollywood | 478,845 | 15.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Sunset Las Palmas Studios—Development(5) | Hollywood | 617,581 | 19.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Sunset LA—Development(7) | Los Angeles | 232,855 | 7.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Element LA—Development | West Los Angeles | 500,000 | 15.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 1,849,097 | 58.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL LAND | 3,187,261 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| COMPANY’S SHARE OF TOTAL LAND | 2,163,875 | |||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Square footage for land assets represents management’s estimate of developable square feet, the majority of which remains subject to entitlement approvals that have not yet been obtained.
2.We own 20% of the ownership interest in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Bentall Centre—Development. The construction of Bentall Centre—Development may require the demolition of certain retail square footage.
3.The final purchase of Washington 1000 is pending as of December 31, 2020. Square footage represents condominium rights to build a fully entitled 16-story office tower.
4.Square footage for Sunset Bronson Studios Lot D—Development represents management’s estimate of developable square footage for 33 residential units.
5.We own 51% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns Sunset Bronson Studios, Sunset Gower Studios is a 15.7-acre media and entertainment property. The property, a fixture in the Los Angeles-based entertainment industry since it was built in the 1920s, served as Columbia Pictures’ headquarters through 1972 and is now one of the largest independent media and entertainment properties in the United States. Sunset Gower Studios offers 12 stages and typically serves as home to single-camera television and motion picture production tenants.
Sunset Las Palmas Studios, Hollywood, CaliforniaStudios.
6.Estimated square footage for Sunset Gower Studios—Development is net of 130,169 square feet of anticipated demolition in connection with the development.
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ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings arising out of, or incident to, our ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to any legal proceedings that we believe to be material or that, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows if determined adversely to us.
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. Market for Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Overview
As of February 9, 2018,15, 2021, Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. had approximately 156,679,052 shares95 stockholders of record of our common stock outstanding, including unvested restricted stock grants.stock. Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. common stock has traded on the NYSE under the symbol “HPP” since June 24, 2010. The quarterly high, low and closing prices of our common stock from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017, as reported by the NYSE, are set forth below for the periods indicated.
We intend to make distributionspay dividends each taxable year (not including a return of capital for federal income tax purposes) equal to at least 90% of ourREIT taxable income. We intend to pay regular quarterly dividend distributionsdividends to our stockholders. Currently, we pay distributionsdividends to our stockholders quarterly in March, June, September and December. Dividends are madepaid to those stockholders who are stockholders as of the dividend record date. Dividends are paid at the discretion of our board of directors and dividend amounts depend on our available cash flows, financial condition and capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and such other factors asthat our board of directors deemdeems relevant.
| Fiscal year 2017 | High | Low | Close | Per Share of Common Stock Dividends Declared | ||||||||||||
| First quarter | $ | 36.75 | $ | 33.48 | $ | 34.64 | $ | 0.25 | ||||||||
| Second quarter | 36.14 | 32.41 | 34.19 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| Third quarter | 34.54 | 31.53 | 33.53 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| Fourth quarter | 35.90 | 32.94 | 34.25 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| Fiscal year 2016 | High | Low | Close | Per Share of Common Stock Dividends Declared | ||||||||||||
| First quarter | $ | 29.60 | $ | 22.77 | $ | 28.92 | $ | 0.20 | ||||||||
| Second quarter | 30.18 | 26.79 | 29.18 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
| Third quarter | 34.38 | 28.85 | 32.87 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
| Fourth quarter | 35.84 | 31.58 | 34.78 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the three months ended December 31, 2017,fourth quarter of 2020, certain employees surrendered common shares owned by them to satisfy their statutory federal income tax obligation associated with the vesting of restricted common shares of beneficial interest issued under our 2010 Incentive Award Plan.
The following table summarizes all of the repurchases of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. equity securities during the fourth quarter of 2017:2020:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share(1) | Total Number Of Shares Purchased As Part Of Publicly Announced Plans Or Programs | Maximum Number Of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans Or Programs | |||||||
| October 1 - October 31, 2017 | — | $ | — | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| November 1 - November 30, 2017 | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||
| December 1 - December 31, 2017 | 343,127 | 34.25 | N/A | N/A | |||||||
Total | 343,127 | $ | 34.25 | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | |||||||||||||||||||
| October 1 - October 31, 2020 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 138,137,965 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 1 - November 30, 2020 | 894,209 | 20.41 | 894,209 | 119,886,344 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 1 - December 31, 2020 | 88,597 | (2) | 23.49 | (3) | — | 119,886,344 | |||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | 982,806 | $ | 20.69 | 894,209 | |||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.On January 20, 2016, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program to buy up to $100.0 million of the outstanding common stock of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. On March 8, 2018, this total was increased to $250.0 million. The program does not have a termination date, and repurchases may be discontinued at any time. A cumulative total of $130.1 million had been repurchased under the program as of December 31, 2020.
2.Represents shares of common stock remitted to Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock.
3.The price paid per share is based on the closing price of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, as of the date of the vesting of restricted stock.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Our equity compensation plan information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information in Part III, Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Market for Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. Common Capital, Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Units
Overview
There is no established public trading market for our operating partnership’s common units. As of February 9, 2018,15, 2021, there were six15 holders of record of common units (including through our general partnership interest).
We intend to make distributions each taxable year. We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to our unitholders. Currently, we make distributions to our unitholders quarterly in March, June, September and December. Distributions are made to those unitholders who are unitholders as of February 9, 2018,the distribution record date. Distributions are made at the discretion of our operating partnership had 569,045 common units outstandingboard of directors and distribution amounts depend on our available cash flows, financial condition and capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and such other factors that were not owned by us. There is no active trading market for our operating partnership units.board of directors deems relevant.
| Fiscal year 2017 | Per Unit Distributions Declared | |||
| First quarter | $ | 0.25 | ||
| Second quarter | 0.25 | |||
| Third quarter | 0.25 | |||
| Fourth quarter | 0.25 | |||
| Fiscal year 2016 | Per Unit Distributions Declared | |||
| First quarter | $ | 0.20 | ||
| Second quarter | 0.20 | |||
| Third quarter | 0.20 | |||
| Fourth quarter | 0.20 | |||
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the fourth quarter of December 31, 2017,2020, our operating partnership issued partnership units in private placements in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, in the amounts and for the consideration set forth below:below.
During the fourth quarter of December 31, 2017,2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 642,835240,679 shares of its common stock in connection with restricted stock awards for no cash consideration, out of which 343,12788,597 shares of common stock were forfeited to the Company in connection with restricted stock awards for a net issuance of 299,708152,082 shares of common stock. For each share of common stock issued by the Company in connection with such an award, our operating partnership issued a restricted common unit to the Company as provided in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership’s partnership agreement.partnership. During the fourth quarter of December 31, 2017,2020, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 642,835240,679 common units to the Company. The operating partnership also issued 409,225 long-term incentive plan units during the fourth quarter of 2020.
All other issuances of unregistered equity securities of our operating partnership during the year ended December 31, 20172020 have previously been disclosed in filings with the SEC. For all issuances of units to the Company, our operating partnership relied on the Company’s status as a publicly traded NYSE-listed company with over $6.62approximately $8.35 billion in total consolidated assets and as our operating partnership’s majority owner and sole general partner as the basis for the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
| Period | Total Number of Units Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Unit(1) | Total Number Of Units Purchased As Part Of Publicly Announced Plans Or Programs | Maximum Number Of Units That May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans Or Programs | |||||||
| October 1 - October 31, 2017 | — | $ | — | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| November 1 - November 30, 2017 | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||
| December 1 - December 31, 2017 | 343,127 | 34.25 | N/A | N/A | |||||||
Total | 343,127 | $ | 34.25 | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Our equity compensation plan information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information in Part III, Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Stock Performance Graph
The information below shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, other than as provided in Item 201 of Regulation S-K, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically request that such information be treated as soliciting material or specifically incorporate it by reference into a filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
The following graph shows our cumulative total stockholder return for the five-year period ending on December 31, 2017.2020. The graph assumes a $100 investment in each of the indices on December 31, 20122015 and the reinvestment of all dividends. The graph also shows the cumulative total returns of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”), and industry peer groups. Our stock price performance shown in the following graph is not indicative of future stock price performance.
43
| Period Ending | ||||||||||||||||||
| Index | 12/31/12 | 12/31/13 | 12/31/14 | 12/31/15 | 12/31/16 | 12/31/17 | ||||||||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. | 100.00 | 106.28 | 148.97 | 142.18 | 180.37 | 181.58 | ||||||||||||
| S&P 500 | 100.00 | 132.39 | 150.51 | 152.59 | 170.84 | 208.14 | ||||||||||||
| SNL U.S. REIT Equity | 100.00 | 103.72 | 132.24 | 135.89 | 147.96 | 159.94 | ||||||||||||
| MSCI US REIT | 100.00 | 102.47 | 133.60 | 136.97 | 148.75 | 156.29 | ||||||||||||
| NAREIT All Equity REITs | 100.00 | 102.86 | 131.69 | 135.42 | 147.11 | 159.86 | ||||||||||||
| Period Ending | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Index | 12/31/15 | 12/31/16 | 12/31/17 | 12/31/18 | 12/31/19 | 12/31/20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. | 100.00 | 126.86 | 128.64 | 112.55 | 150.09 | 99.97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 | 100.00 | 111.96 | 136.40 | 130.42 | 171.49 | 203.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MSCI U.S. REIT | 100.00 | 108.60 | 114.11 | 108.89 | 137.03 | 126.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SNL U.S. REIT Equity | 100.00 | 108.88 | 118.00 | 112.46 | 144.54 | 137.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SNL U.S. REIT Office | 100.00 | 111.59 | 114.60 | 94.53 | 120.51 | 95.69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs | 100.00 | 108.63 | 118.05 | 113.28 | 145.75 | 138.28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data
44
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC. and HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, L.P. (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 667,110 | 593,236 | 481,718 | 213,786 | 165,441 | |||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 61,029 | 46,403 | 39,132 | 39,629 | 40,117 | |||||||||
| Income from operations | 136,603 | 89,407 | 47,388 | 48,677 | 27,960 | |||||||||
| HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted per share amounts: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders—basic | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.26 | $ | (0.19 | ) | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.27 | ) | |||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders—diluted | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.25 | $ | (0.19 | ) | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.27 | ) | |||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic | 153,488,730 | 106,188,902 | 85,927,216 | 65,792,447 | 55,182,647 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—diluted | 153,882,814 | 110,369,055 | 85,927,216 | 66,509,447 | 55,182,647 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared per common share | $ | 1.000 | $ | 0.800 | $ | 0.575 | $ | 0.500 | $ | 0.500 | |||||||||
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC. and HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, L.P. (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in real estate, net | $ | 5,889,943 | $ | 6,050,933 | $ | 5,500,462 | $ | 2,036,638 | $ | 1,918,988 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 6,622,070 | 6,678,998 | 6,254,035 | 2,335,509 | 2,124,904 | |||||||||||||||
| Notes payable, net | 2,421,380 | 2,688,010 | 2,260,716 | 912,683 | 924,938 | |||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,700,929 | 2,966,071 | 2,514,821 | 1,050,317 | 1,011,563 | |||||||||||||||
| 6.25% Series A cumulative redeemable preferred units of the operating partnership | 10,177 | 10,177 | 10,177 | 10,177 | 10,475 | |||||||||||||||
| Series B cumulative redeemable preferred stock | — | — | — | 145,000 | 145,000 | |||||||||||||||
| Other data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 292,959 | $ | 226,774 | $ | 175,783 | $ | 63,483 | $ | 43,975 | ||||||||||
| Investing activities | $ | (333,038 | ) | $ | (524,897 | ) | $ | (1,797,699 | ) | $ | (246,361 | ) | $ | (424,042 | ) | |||||
| Financing activities | $ | 33,167 | $ | 334,754 | $ | 1,658,641 | $ | 170,590 | $ | 393,947 | ||||||||||
Stabilized office properties leased rate as of end of period(2) | 96.7 | % | 96.4 | % | 95.3 | % | 94.6 | % | 95.4 | % | ||||||||||
In-Service office properties leased rate as of end of period(3) | 92.1 | % | 91.2 | % | 90.1 | % | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Same-Store Media & Entertainment occupied rate as of end of period(4) | 90.7 | % | 89.1 | % | 78.5 | % | 71.6 | % | 69.9 | % | ||||||||||
Non-Same-Store Media & Entertainment occupied rate as of end of period(5) | 76.1 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion relates to our consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes, see Part IV, Item 15(a) “Financial Statements and“Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.” Statements in this Item 7 contain forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. In particular, information concerning projected future occupancy rates, rental rate increases, property development timing and investment amounts contain forward-looking statements. Furthermore, all of the statements regarding future financial performance (including anticipated funds from operations (“FFO”) market conditions and demographics) are forward-looking statements. Numerous factors will affect our actual results, some of which are beyond our control. These include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the breadth and duration of the current economic recession and its impact on our tenants, the strength of commercial and industrial real estate markets, market conditions affecting tenants, competitive market conditions, interest rate levels, volatility in our stock price and capital market conditions. Accordingly, investors should use caution and not place undue reliance on this information, which speaks only as of the date of this report. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except to the extent we are required to do so in connection with our ongoing requirements under federal securities laws to disclose material information.
For a discussion of important risks related to our business, and related to investing in our securities, including risks that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from results and events referred to in the forward-looking statements see Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors.” In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this report might not occur.
Executive Summary
Through our interest in Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. (our operating partnership) and its subsidiaries, at December 31, 2017,2020, our consolidated office portfolio consisted of approximately 13.315.6 million square feet of in-service, repositioning, redevelopment development and held for saledevelopment properties. Additionally, as of December 31, 2017,2020, our media and entertainmentstudio portfolio consisted of 1.2 million square feet of in-service and redevelopment properties.development properties and our land portfolio consisted of 3.2 million developable square feet.
As of December 31, 2017,2020, our consolidated in-service office portfolio was 92.1%93.5% leased (including leases not yet commenced). Our Same-Store media and entertainmentsame-store studio properties were 90.7%90.2% leased for the average percent leased for the 12 months ended December 31, 2017. Our Non-Same-Store media2020.
Impact of COVID-19
The following discussion is intended to provide stockholders with certain information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and entertainment property was 76.1% leasedmanagement’s efforts to respond to that impact. Unless otherwise specified, the statistical and other information regarding our portfolio and tenants are estimates based on information available to us as of February 10, 2021. As a result of the continued uncertainty surrounding this situation, we expect that such statistical and other information will change, potentially significantly, going forward and may not be indicative of the actual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, cash flows and financial condition for future periods.
We continue to closely monitor the average percent leased forimpact of the eight monthsCOVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business and geographies, including how it will impact our tenants and business partners. While we did not incur significant disruptions during the year ended December 31, 2017.2020 from the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to predict the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties. These uncertainties include the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. The spread of COVID-19 is having a significant impact on the global economy, the U.S. economy, the economies of the local markets throughout the west coast in which our properties are located, and the broader financial markets. The commercial real estate market has come under pressure due to numerous factors, including preventative measures taken by local, state and federal authorities to alleviate the public health crisis such as mandatory business closures, quarantines, restrictions on travel and “shelter-in-place” or “stay-at-home” orders. These containment measures, which generally do not apply to businesses designated as “essential,” are affecting the operations of different categories of our tenancy to varying degrees with, for example, “essential businesses” generally permitted to remain open and operational, storefront retail and restaurants generally limited to take-out and delivery services only, and non-essential businesses generally forced to temporarily close, curtail operations and/or implement work-from-home strategies. There is uncertainty as to the time, date and extent to which these restrictions will be relaxed or lifted, businesses of tenants that have temporarily been disrupted, either voluntarily or by mandate, will resume normal operations or when customers will re-engage
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with tenants as they have in the past. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting almost every industry directly or indirectly, including industries in which we and our tenants operate. Further, the impacts of a potential worsening of global economic conditions and the continued disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets, consumer spending as well as other unanticipated consequences remain unknown.
Our base rent collections during the COVID-19 pandemic were as follows:
| Office | Studio | Storefront Retail | Total | |||||||||||
Percent of contractual rents collected1 | ||||||||||||||
| Second quarter 2020 | 99.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 48.7 | % | 97.3 | % | ||||||
| Third quarter 2020 | 97.9 | % | 100.0 | % | 51.9 | % | 96.6 | % | ||||||
| Fourth quarter 2020 | 97.7 | % | 99.9 | % | 50.8 | % | 96.7 | % | ||||||
| January 2021 | 97.9 | % | 99.1 | % | 48.0 | % | 96.6 | % | ||||||
_____________
1.We have implemented a rent relief program for the majority of the uncollected rents, and the collection percentages above exclude rents deferred or abated in accordance with COVID-related lease amendments.
We continue to take several proactive measures to maintain the strength of our business and manage the impact of COVID-19 on our operations and liquidity, including the following:
•Along with our tenants and the communities we serve, the health and safety of our employees and their families is a top priority. We are closely monitoring and conforming our operations in accordance with policies and guidelines set forth by public health agencies and state and local governments. All office and studio properties remain open and operational to enable essential business tenants to continue to operate with enhanced cleaning, communications and safety protocols. In May, we launched our “4Cs” approach to tenant repopulation in conjunction with the easing of stay-at-home orders across our markets. The program, which we developed in consultation with large tenants, local governments, and internal and external subject matter experts, emphasizes proactive communication through multiple channels, seeks to instill confidence in tenants with safety-focused cleaning and operating procedures, ensures convenience with an emphasis on efficient access, and encourages cooperation by asking all tenants to do their part. Similarly, in early June, we shifted from a policy encouraging all non-location essential employees to work remotely, and began bringing our employees back to the office with enhanced health and safety protocols, and in staggered shifts to provide for adequate physical distancing at any given time. After Labor Day, we successfully returned 100% of our workforce to our offices in rotating shifts, adjusting as needed during periods of increased infection rates in the areas in which our offices are located.
•We are in frequent communication with our tenants and are assisting tenants in identifying local, state and federal resources that may be available to support their businesses and employees during the pandemic, including stimulus funds that may be available under various federal and state relief funds, such as the CARES Act and the Paycheck Protection Program.
•As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $113.7 million in cash and cash equivalents. We have $600.0 million of undrawn capacity under our unsecured revolving credit facility and $308.5 million of undrawn capacity under our stand-alone loan for One Westside, which fully funds the cost of that project.
•We do not have any secured or unsecured debt maturing until 2022.
•We have taken proactive measures to manage costs, including by taking advantage of rent relief in connection with our existing ground lease obligations and reducing services provided by third party vendors.
Given the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic’s near and potential long-term impact on our business, and in order to preserve our liquidity position, our Board of Directors will continue to evaluate our dividend policy. We intend to continue to operate our business in a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We derive revenues primarily from rents and reimbursement payments received from tenants under leases at our properties. Our operating results therefore depend materially on the ability of our tenants to make required rental payments. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the businesses of our tenants, and our operations and financial condition, will depend on future developments that remain uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and such containment measures, among others. While the extent of the outbreak and its impact on us, our tenants and the markets in which we operate is uncertain, a prolonged crisis could result in continued disruptions in the credit and financial markets, a continued rise
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in unemployment rates, decreases in consumer confidence and consumer spending levels and an overall worsening of global and U.S. economic conditions. The factors described above, as well as additional factors that we may not currently be aware of, could materially negatively impact our ability to collect rent and could lead to termination of leases by tenants, tenant bankruptcies, decreases in demand for office space at our properties, difficulties in accessing capital, impairment of our long-lived assets and other impacts that could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to stockholders. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
For the foregoing reasons, the comparability of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 to future periods may be significantly impacted by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic remains fluid, and we are actively managing our response in collaboration with tenants, government officials and business partners and assessing potential impacts to our financial position and operating results, as well as potential adverse developments in our business. For further information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on us, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
Current Year Highlights
Acquisitions
During 2017,2020,we continued to focus on strategic acquisitions by investing across the risk-return spectrum, favoring opportunities where we can employ leasing, capital investments and management expertise to create additional value. We purchased Sunset Las Palmas Studios (formerly Hollywood Center Studios)
On December 18, 2020, we acquired, through a joint venture with CPPIB US RE-3, Inc., a 373,150subsidiary of Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (“CPPIB”), the 668,109 square-foot media and entertainment campus with future1918 Eighth office property located in Seattle, Washington. We own 55% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture. Please refer to Part IV, Item 15(a) “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules—Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Investment in Real Estate” for details.
As of December 24, 2020, the Company owns 50% of the ownership interests in the joint venture which owns the Sunset LA development rights consisting of 13 stages, production offices and support space on 15 acres. Additionally, we purchasedin Los Angeles, California. Please refer to Part IV, Item 15(a) “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules—Note 3 to the ground lease related to our 11601 Wilshire property. The following table summarizesConsolidated Financial Statements—Investment in Real Estate” for details.
Dispositions
We had no dispositions during the properties acquired in 2017:year ended December 31, 2020.
| Property | Submarket | Month of Acquisition | Square Feet | Purchase Price(1) (in millions) | |||||||
Sunset Las Palmas Studios(2) | Hollywood | May 2017 | 369,000 | $ | 200.0 | ||||||
11601 Wilshire land(3) | West Los Angeles | June 2017 | N/A | 50.0 | |||||||
6666 Santa Monica(4) | Hollywood | June 2017 | 4,150 | 3.2 | |||||||
| Total | 373,150 | $ | 253.2 | ||||||||
| Property | Month of Disposition | Square Feet | Sales Price(1) (in millions) | ||||||
| 222 Kearny | February 2017 | 148,797 | $ | 51.8 | |||||
| 3402 Pico | March 2017 | 50,687 | 35.0 | ||||||
Pinnacle I and Pinnacle II(2) | November 2017 | 623,777 | 350.0 | ||||||
| Total | 823,261 | $ | 436.8 | ||||||
Held for Sale
As of December 31, 2017,2020, we had fourno properties that met the criteria to be classified as held for sale.
Studio Joint Venture
On July 30, 2020, funds affiliated with Blackstone Property Partners (“Blackstone”) acquired a 49% interest in our three Hollywood studios and five on-lot or adjacent Class A office properties (collectively, the “Hollywood Media Portfolio”) at a gross portfolio valuation of $1.65 billion, before closing credits, prorations and costs (the “Studio Joint Venture”). The transaction included Sunset Gower, Sunset Bronson and Sunset Las Palmas Studios, as well as 6040 Sunset, ICON, CUE, EPIC and Harlow, along with 1.1 million square feet of development rights associated with Sunset Gower and Sunset Las Palmas Studios. We retained a 51% ownership stake and remain responsible for day-to-day operations, leasing and development, and the joint venture will look to partner on studio acquisitions in Los Angeles and other key markets.
In conjunction with closing the transaction, the joint venture closed a $900.0 million mortgage loan secured by the portfolio. This loan has an initial term of two years from the first payment date, with three one-year extension options, subject to certain requirements. With an initial interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.15% per annum, it bears interest only payable every month during the term of the loan with principal payable at maturity. The loan is non-recourse, except as to customary non-recourse carveout guaranties from us and the Blackstone affiliate.
The combined proceeds from the sale of the 49% interest in the Hollywood Media Portfolio and our share of asset-level financing was approximately $1.27 billion before closing credits, prorations and costs. We used approximately $849.5 million to repay all outstanding amounts under our revolving credit facilities, Met Park North loan and Term Loans B and D, which were originally due in the second and fourth quarter 2022, respectively. The remainder is available for potential future investments and/or share repurchases, and general corporate purposes.
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Under Construction and Future Development Projects
We completed construction of our Harlow property in 2020.
The following table summarizes the properties classified as held for salecurrently under construction and future developments as of December 31, 2017:2020:
| Property | Purchase and Sale Executed | Square Feet | Sales Price(1) (in millions) | ||||||
| 2180 Sand Hill | November 2017 | 45,613 | $ | 82.5 | |||||
| 2600 Campus Drive (building 6 of Peninsula Office Park) | December 2017 | 63,050 | 22.5 | ||||||
| Embarcadero Place | December 2017 | 197,402 | 136.0 | ||||||
| 9300 Wilshire | December 2017 | 61,422 | 13.8 | ||||||
| Total | 367,487 | $ | 254.8 | ||||||
| Submarket | Estimated Square Feet(1) | Estimated Completion Date | Estimated Stabilization Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under Construction: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One Westside(2) | West Los Angeles | 584,000 | Q1-2022 | Q2-2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Under Construction | 584,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future Development Pipeline: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washington 1000 | Denny Triangle | 538,164 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bentall Centre—Development(3) | Downtown Vancouver | 450,000 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Element LA—Development | West Los Angeles | 500,000 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sunset LA—Development(4) | Los Angeles | 232,855 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sunset Bronson Studios Lot D—Development(5) | Hollywood | 19,816 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sunset Gower Studios—Development(5) | Hollywood | 478,845 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sunset Las Palmas Studios—Development(5) | Hollywood | 617,581 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud10 | North San Jose | 350,000 | TBD | TBD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Future Development Pipeline | 3,187,261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE | 3,771,261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.Determined by management based upon estimated leasable square feet, which may be less or more than the BOMA rentable area. Square footage may change over time due to re-measurement or re-leasing.
3.We own 20% of improvements to a property,the ownership interest in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Bentall Centre—Development.
4.We own 50% of the ownership interest in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Sunset LA—Development.
5.We own 51% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owns Sunset Bronson Studios, Sunset Gower Studios and may constitute a complete structural renovation of a building or remodeling select areas to makeSunset Las Palmas Studios.
Financings
During the property more attractive to tenants. Redevelopment and development properties are excluded from our in-service portfolio to maintain consistency in evaluating our performance from period to period. The redevelopment and development process is generally capital-intensive and occurs over the course of several months or years. Commonly associated with newly-acquired properties, redevelopment efforts may also occur at properties we currently own. Atyear ended December 31, 2017, there were a total of four properties included in property under development in our Consolidated Balance Sheets: 95 Jackson (formerly Merrill Place Theater Building), MaxWell, CUE and EPIC.
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On December 18, 2020, we acquired, through a joint venture with CPPIB, the 1918 Eighth office property located in Seattle, Washington. We own 55% of the ownership interest in the consolidated joint venture that owned Pinnacle I and Pinnacle II sold the properties to affiliates of Blackstone for $350.0 million.venture. In conjunction with closing the sale,transaction, the $216.0joint venture closed a $314.3 million debtmortgage loan secured by these properties was assumed by the purchasers. Additionally, we used proceeds fromproperty. This loan has an initial interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.70% per annum and is interest only through the sale and cash on hand to repay $100.0 million of our 5-year term loan due November 2020.five-year term.
Factors That May Influence Our Operating Results
Business and Strategy
We invest in Class-A office and media and entertainmentstudio properties located in high barrier-to-entry, innovation-centric submarkets with significant growth potential. Our positioning within these submarkets allows us to attract and retain quality growth companies as tenants, many of which are in the technology and media and entertainmentstudio sectors. The purchase of properties with a value-add component, typically through off-market transactions, also facilitates our growth. These types of assets afford us the opportunity to capture embedded rent growth and occupancy upside, and to strategically invest capital to reposition and redevelop assets to generate additional cash flow. We take a more measured approach to ground-up development, with most under-construction, planned or potential projects located on ancillary sites part of existing operating assets. Management expertise across disciplines supports execution at all levels of our operations. In particular, aggressive leasing and proactive asset management, combined with a focus on conservatively managing our balance sheet, are central to our strategy.
Rental Revenue
The amount of net rental revenue generated by the properties in our portfolio depends principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space and space that becomes available from lease terminations. As of December 31, 2017,2020, the percent leased for our in-service office properties was approximately 92.1%93.5% (or 90.3%92.7%, excluding leases signed but not commenced as of that date). As of December 31, 2017,2020, the percent leased, based on a 12-month trailing average, was approximately 90.7% and 76.1%90.2% for same-store media and entertainment and non-same-store media and entertainment properties, respectively.studio properties. The amount of rental revenue generated by us also depends on our ability to maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. We believe that the average rental rates for our office properties are generally below the current average quoted market rate. We believe the average rental rates for our media and entertainmentstudio properties are generally equal to current average quoted market rates. Negative trends in one or more of these factors could adversely affect our rental revenue in future periods. Future economic downturns or regional downturns affecting our submarkets or downturns in our tenants’ industries that impair our ability to renew or re-let space and the ability of our tenants to fulfill their lease commitments, as in the case of tenant bankruptcies, could adversely affect our ability to maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. In addition, growth in rental revenue will also partially depend on our ability to acquire additional properties that meet our investment criteria.
Conditions in Our Markets
The properties in our portfolio are all located in Northern and Southern California, and the Pacific Northwest.Northwest and Western Canada. Positive or negative changes in economic or other conditions in Northern and Southern California, or the Pacific Northwest or Western Canada, including state budgetary shortfalls, employment rates, natural hazards and other factors, may impact our overall performance.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses generally consist of utilities, cleaning, engineering, administrative, property, and ad valorem taxes insurance and site maintenance costs. Increases in these expenses over tenants’ base years are generally passed on to tenants in our full-service gross leased properties and are generally paid in full by tenants in our net lease properties. Certain of our properties have been reassessed for property tax purposes as a result of our IPO or their subsequent acquisition, development, redevelopment and other reassessments that remain pending. In the case of completed reassessments, the amount of property taxes we pay reflects the valuations established with the county assessors for the relevant locations of each property as of IPO or their subsequent acquisition. With respect to pending reassessments, we similarly expect the amount of property taxes we pay to reflect the valuations established with such county assessors.
Taxable REIT SubsidiarySubsidiaries
Hudson Pacific Services, Inc., or our services company, is a Maryland corporation that is wholly ownedwholly-owned by our operating partnership. We have elected, together with our services company and certain of our subsidiaries, to treat our services company and such other subsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiarysubsidiaries for federal income tax purposes, and we may form additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. Our services companytaxable REIT subsidiaries generally may provide both customary and non-customary services
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to our tenants and engage in other activities that we may not engage in directly without adversely affecting our qualification as a REIT. Our services company and its wholly owned subsidiaries provide a number of services to certain tenants at our media and entertainmentstudio properties and, from time to time, one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries may provide services to our tenants at these and other properties. In addition, our operating partnership has contributed some or all of its interests in certain wholly owned subsidiaries or their assets to our services company. We currently lease space to wholly owned subsidiaries of our services company at our media and entertainmentstudio properties and may, from time to time, enter into additional leases with one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. Any income earned by our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not be included in our taxable income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests, except to the extent such income is distributed to us as a dividend, in which case such dividend income will qualify under the 95%, but not the 75%, gross income test. Because a taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to federal income tax, and state and local income tax (where applicable), as a regular C corporation, the income earned by our taxable REIT subsidiaries generally will be subject to an additional level of tax as compared to the income earned by our other subsidiaries.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of commitments and contingencies as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to acquiring, developing and assessing the carrying values of our real estate properties, our accrued liabilities, and our performance-based equity compensation awards. We base our estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. The following critical accounting policies discussion reflectreflects what we believe are the most significant estimates, assumptions and judgementsjudgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. See Part IV, Item 15 “Financial15(a) “Exhibits, Financial Statement and Schedules—Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for details on our significant accounting policies.
Investment in Real Estate Properties
Acquisitions
Our acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method. The results of operations for each of these acquisitions are included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations from the date of acquisition.
We evaluate each acquisition of real estate to determine if the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meet the definition of a business and need to be accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. An integrated set of assets and activities would fail to qualify as a business if either (i) substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets or (ii) the integrated set of assets and activities is lacking, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., revenue generated before and after the transaction). An acquired process is considered substantive if (i) the process includes an organized workforce (or includes an acquired contract that
provides access to an organized workforce), that is skilled, knowledgeable, and experienced in performing the process, (ii) the process cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay or (iii) the process is considered unique or scarce.
Acquisitions of real estate will generally not meet the revised definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land, buildings and improvements and related intangible assets or liabilities) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay.
When we acquire properties that are considered asset acquisitions, the purchase price, which includes transaction-related expenses, is allocated based on relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed include, but are not limited to, land, building and improvements, intangible assets related to above-and below-market leases, intangible assets related to in-place leases, debt and other assumed assets and liabilities. The purchase price accounting is finalized in the period of acquisition.
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The fair value of tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it was vacant. The fair value of acquired “above- and below-” market leases are based on the estimated cash flow projections utilizing discount rates that reflect the risks associated with the leases acquired. The amount recorded is based on the present value of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the extended below-market term for any leases with below-market renewal options. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include estimates of lost rents at market rates during the hypothetical expected lease-up periods, which are dependent on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider leasing commissions, legal and other related costs. The fair value debt assumed is based on the estimated cash flow projections utilizing interest rates available for the issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.
Cost Capitalization
We capitalize direct constructioncosts associated with development and redevelopment activities, capital improvements, tenant improvements and leasing activity. Costs associated with development costs, including predevelopment costs,and redevelopment that are capitalized include interest, property taxes, insurance and other costs directly related and essential to the acquisition, development or construction of a real estate project. Indirect development costs, including salaries and benefits, office rent, and associated costs for those individuals directly responsible for and who spend their time on development activities are also capitalized and allocated to the projects to which they relate. Construction and development costs are capitalized while substantial activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use. We consider a construction project as substantially complete and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements but no later than one year after cessation of major construction activity. Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, or after development activities have ceased, are expensed as they are incurred. Costs previously capitalized related to abandoned acquisitions or developments are charged to earnings. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as they are incurred.
Operating Properties
The properties are generally carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We compute depreciation and amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as represented in the table below:
| Asset Description | Estimated | |||||||
| Building and improvements | Shorter of the ground lease term or 39 | |||||||
| Land improvements | 15 | |||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 5 to 7 | |||||||
| Tenant improvements | Shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term | |||||||
We amortize above- and below-market lease intangibles over the remaining non-cancellable lease terms and bargain renewal periods, if applicable. The in-place lease intangibles are amortized over the remaining non-cancellable lease term. When tenants vacate prior to the expiration of their lease, the amortization of intangible assets and liabilities is accelerated. We amortize above- and below-market ground lease intangibles over the remaining non-cancellable lease terms.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We assess the carrying value of real estate assets and related intangibles for impairment on a quarterly basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).GAAP. Impairment losses are recorded on real estate assets held for investment when indicators of impairment are present and the future undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amount. We recognize impairment losses to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the properties.
Starting on January 1, 2019, the recognition of revenues related to lease components is governed by ASC 842, while the 2018 rental revenues are accounted for Doubtful Accountsunder ASC 840. The revenue related to non-lease components is subject to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).
51
Upon adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, our revenue recognition model remained consistent with previous guidance, apart from the narrower definition of initial direct costs that can be capitalized. The new standard defines initial direct costs as only the incremental costs of signing a lease. Internal direct compensation costs and external legal fees related to the execution of successful lease agreements that no longer meet the definition of initial direct costs under ASC 842 are accounted for as office operating expense or studio operating expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting fromelected the lessor’s practical expedient that changed the presentation of revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Operations to reflect a single lease component that combines rental, tenant defaults or the inability of tenants to make contractual rent and tenant recovery payments. We monitor the liquidity and creditworthiness of our tenants and operators on an ongoing basis. This evaluation considers industry and economic conditions, property performance, credit enhancementsrecoveries, and other factors. We evaluatetenant-related revenues for the collectability of accounts receivable basedoffice portfolio. For our rentals at the studio properties, total lease consideration is allocated to lease and non-lease components on a combination of factors. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on specific identification of uncollectible accounts and our historical collection experience. We recognize an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due, the current business environment and our historical experience. Historical experience has been within management’s expectations. For straight-line rent amounts, our assessment is based on amounts estimated to be recoverable over the term of the lease. We evaluate the collectability of straight-line rent receivables based on length of time the related rental receivables are past due, the current business environment and historical experience.relative standalone basis.
We recognize rental revenue from tenants on a straight-line basis over the lease term when collectability is reasonably assuredprobable and the tenant has taken possession or controls the physical use of the leased asset. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, we determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or us. When we are the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to:
•whether the lease stipulates how and on what a tenant improvement allowance may be spent;
•whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term;
•whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general-purpose in nature; and
•whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease.
Other property-related revenue is revenue that is derived from the tenants’ use of lighting, equipment rental, parking, power, HVAC and telecommunications (telephone and internet). Other property-related revenue is recognized when these itemsbased on a five-step model and revenue is recognized once all performance obligations are provided.satisfied.
Tenant recoveries related to reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses are recognized as revenue in the period during which the applicable expenses are incurred. The reimbursements are recognized and presented gross, as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, have discretion in selecting the supplier and bear the associated credit risk.
We recognize gains onevaluate the sales of properties uponreal estate based on transfer of control. If a real estate sale contract includes ongoing involvement by the closing of the transactionseller with the purchaser. Gains on properties sold are recognized usingproperty, we evaluate each promised good or service under the full accrual method when (i)contract to determine whether it represents a performance obligation, constitutes a guarantee or prevents the collectabilitytransfer of the sales price is reasonably assured, (ii) we are not obligated to perform significant activities after the sale, (iii) the initial investment from the buyer is sufficient and (iv) othercontrol.
Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation cost of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance units under our equity incentive award plans are accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). For time-based awards, stock-based compensation is valued based on the quoted closing price of our common stock on the applicable grant date and discounted for any hold restrictions. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation is valued utilizing a Monte Carlo Simulation to estimate the probability of the performance vesting conditions being satisfied.
The stock-based compensation is amortized through the final vesting period on a straight-line basis and graded vesting basis for time-based awards and performance-based awards, respectively. Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, weWe account for forfeitures of awards as they occur. Share-based payments granted to non-employees are accounted for in the same manner as share-based payments granted to employees.
Our compensation committee will regularly consider the accounting implications of significant compensation decisions, especially in connection with decisions that relate to our equity incentive award plans and programs.
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Income Taxes
Our property-owning subsidiaries are limited liability companies and are treated as pass-through entities or disregarded entities (or, in the case of the entities that own the 1455 Market, Hill7, Ferry Building and Hill71918 Eighth properties, REITs) for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the activities of these entities.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. We believe that we have operated in a manner that has allowed us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with such taxable year, and we intend to continue operating in such manner. To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our netREIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to such matters as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership.
Provided that we continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are generally not subject to corporate level income tax on the earnings distributed currently to our stockholders. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and arewere unable to avail ourselves of certain savings provisions set forth in the Code, all of our taxable income would be subject to federal corporate income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax for taxable years prior to 2018. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would be ineligible to elect to be treated as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year for which we lose our qualification. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to this statutory relief.
We own and may acquire direct or indirect interests in one or more Subsidiary REITs. A Subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to us. If a Subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to federal income tax, (ii) shares in such REIT would cease to be qualifying assets for purposes of the asset tests applicable to REITs and (iii) it is possible that we would fail certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs, in which event we would fail to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of certain relief provisions.
We believe that our operating partnership is properly treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our operating partnership is not subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, is allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, its share of our operating partnership’s income. As such, no provision for federal income taxes has been included for the operating partnership.
We have elected, together with onecertain of our subsidiaries, to treat such subsidiarysubsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiarysubsidiaries (“TRS”TRSs”) for federal income tax purposes. Certain activities that we may undertake, such as non-customary services for our tenants and
holding assets that we cannot hold directly, will be conducted by a TRS. A TRS is subject to federal and, where applicable, state and local income taxes on its net income.
We are subject to the statutory requirements of the states in which we conduct business.
We periodically evaluate our tax positions to determine whether it is more likely than not that such positions would be sustained upon examination by a tax authority for all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, based on their technical merits. As of December 31, 2017,2020, we have not established a liability for uncertain tax positions.
We and our TRSTRSs file income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state and local jurisdictions. We and our TRSTRSs are no longer subject to tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2012.2016. Generally, we have assessed our tax positions for all open years, which as of December 31, 2020 include 20122017 to 2019 for Federal purposes and 2016 to 2019 for state purposes, and concluded that there are no material uncertainties to be recognized.
53
Results of Operations
As of December 31, 2020, our portfolio consists of 64 properties (41 wholly-owned properties, 15 properties owned by joint ventures and eight land properties) located in eleven California, three Seattle and one Western Canada submarkets, totaling approximately 20.0 million square feet.
The following table identifiessummarizes our consolidated and unconsolidated portfolio as of December 31, 2020:
| Number of Properties | Rentable Square Feet(1) | Percent Occupied(2) | Percent Leased(2) | Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OFFICE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store(4) | 39 | 10,187,240 | 92.9 | % | 93.6 | % | $ | 53.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stabilized non-same store(5) | 8 | 3,387,342 | 96.4 | 97.2 | 36.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stabilized | 47 | 13,574,582 | 93.8 | 94.5 | 48.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease-up(5)(6) | 3 | 955,679 | 78.1 | 78.3 | 58.86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total in-service | 50 | 14,530,261 | 92.7 | 93.5 | 49.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repositioning(5)(7) | — | 217,364 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redevelopment(5) | 2 | 697,000 | — | 83.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Development(6) | 1 | 106,125 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total office | 53 | 15,550,750 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STUDIO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store(8) | 3 | 1,224,403 | 90.2 | 90.2 | 40.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-same-store(5) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total studio | 3 | 1,224,403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total office and studio properties | 56 | 16,775,153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Land | 8 | 3,187,261 | (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | 64 | 19,962,414 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
____________
1.Determined by management based upon estimated leasable square feet, which may be less or more than the Building Owners and Managers Association
(“BOMA”) rentable area. Square footage may change over time due to re-measurement or re-leasing. Represents 100% share of consolidated and
unconsolidated joint ventures.
2.Percent occupied for office properties is calculated as (i) square footage under commenced leases as of December 31, 2020, divided by (ii) total square feet, expressed as a percentage. Percent leased for office properties includes uncommenced leases. Percent leased for studio properties is calculated as (i) average square footage under commenced leases for the 12 months ended December 31, 2020, divided by (ii) total square feet, expressed as a percentage.
3.Office portfolio calculated as (i) annualized base rent divided by (ii) square footage under commenced leases as of December 31, 2020. Annualized base rent does not reflect tenant reimbursements. Studio portfolio calculated as annual base rent per leased square foot calculated as (i) annual base rent divided by (ii) square footage under leased as of December 31, 2020.
4.Includes office properties owned and included in our stabilized portfolio as of January 1, 2019 and still owned and included in the stabilized portfolio as of December 31, 2020.
5.Included in our non-same-store property group.
6.Includes office properties that have not yet reached 92.0% occupancy since the date they were acquired or placed under redevelopment or development as of December 31, 2020.
7.Includes 79,056 square feet at Page Mill Center, 61,066 square feet at Metro Plaza, 40,337 square feet at 10850 Pico and 36,905 square feet at Rincon Center as of fourth quarter 2020.
8.Includes studio properties owned and included in our portfolio as of January 1, 2019 and still owned and included in our portfolio as of December 31, 2017:2020.
9.Includes 538,164 square feet related to the office development Washington 1000, adjacent to the Washington State Convention Center, to which we
| Properties | Acquisition Date | Acquisition/Estimated Rentable Square Feet | Consideration Paid (In thousands) | ||||||
| Predecessor properties: | |||||||||
| 875 Howard | 2/15/2007 | 286,270 | $ | — | |||||
| Sunset Gower Studios | 8/17/2007 | 545,673 | — | ||||||
| Sunset Bronson Studios | 1/30/2008 | 308,026 | — | ||||||
6040 Sunset (formerly Technicolor Building)(1) | 8/17/2007 | 114,958 | — | ||||||
| Properties acquired after IPO: | |||||||||
| Del Amo | 8/13/2010 | 113,000 | 27,327 | ||||||
9300 Wilshire(2) | 8/24/2010 | 61,224 | 14,684 | ||||||
1455 Market(3) | 12/16/2010 | 1,025,833 | 92,365 | ||||||
| Rincon Center | 12/16/2010 | 580,850 | 184,571 | ||||||
| 10950 Washington | 12/22/2010 | 159,024 | 46,409 | ||||||
| 604 Arizona | 7/26/2011 | 44,260 | 21,373 | ||||||
| 275 Brannan | 8/19/2011 | 54,673 | 12,370 | ||||||
| 625 Second | 9/1/2011 | 138,080 | 57,119 | ||||||
| 6922 Hollywood | 11/22/2011 | 205,523 | 92,802 | ||||||
| 6050 Sunset & 1445 N. Beachwood | 12/16/2011 | 20,032 | 6,502 | ||||||
| 10900 Washington | 4/5/2012 | 9,919 | 2,605 | ||||||
| 901 Market | 6/1/2012 | 206,199 | 90,871 | ||||||
| Element LA (includes 1861 Bundy) | 9/5/2012 & 9/23/2013 | 284,037 | 99,936 | ||||||
| 1455 Gordon | 9/21/2012 | 5,921 | 2,385 | ||||||
| 3401 Exposition | 5/22/2013 | 63,376 | 25,722 | ||||||
| Seattle Portfolio (83 King, 505 First, Met Park North and Northview Center) | 7/31/2013 | 844,980 | 368,389 | ||||||
| Merrill Place | 2/12/2014 | 193,153 | 57,034 | ||||||
| EOP Northern California Portfolio (see table on next page for property list) | 4/1/2015 | 7,120,686 | 3,489,541 | ||||||
Fourth & Traction(4) | 5/22/2015 | 120,937 | 49,250 | ||||||
MaxWell (formerly known as 405 Mateo)(5) | 8/17/2015 | 83,285 | 40,000 | ||||||
11601 Wilshire(6) | 7/1/2016 & 6/15/2017 | 500,475 | 361,000 | ||||||
Hill7(7) | 10/7/2016 | 285,680 | 179,800 | ||||||
| Page Mill Hill | 12/12/2016 | 182,676 | 150,000 | ||||||
| Sunset Las Palmas Studios (includes 6666 Santa Monica) | 5/1/2017 & 6/29/2017 | 373,150 | 203,200 | ||||||
Development Properties(8): | |||||||||
ICON(9) | N/A | 325,757 | N/A | ||||||
450 Alaskan(10) | N/A | 170,974 | N/A | ||||||
CUE(11) | N/A | 91,953 | N/A | ||||||
95 Jackson (formerly Merrill Place Theater Building)(12) | N/A | 31,659 | N/A | ||||||
EPIC(13) | N/A | 300,000 | N/A | ||||||
| Total | 14,852,243 | $ | 5,675,255 | ||||||
| Property | Disposition Date | Square Feet | Sales Price(1) (in millions) | ||||||
| City Plaza | 7/12/2013 | 333,922 | $ | 56.0 | |||||
| Tierrasanta | 7/16/2014 | 112,300 | 19.5 | ||||||
| First Financial | 3/6/2015 | 223,679 | 89.0 | ||||||
| Bay Park Plaza | 9/29/2015 | 260,183 | 90.0 | ||||||
| Bayhill Office Center | 1/14/2016 | 554,328 | 215.0 | ||||||
| Patrick Henry | 4/7/2016 | 70,520 | 19.0 | ||||||
| One Bay Plaza | 6/1/2016 | 195,739 | 53.4 | ||||||
| 12655 Jefferson | 11/4/2016 | 100,756 | 80.0 | ||||||
| 222 Kearny | 2/4/2017 | 148,797 | 51.8 | ||||||
| 3402 Pico | 3/21/2017 | 50,687 | 35.0 | ||||||
Pinnacle I and Pinnacle II(2) | 11/16/2017 | 623,777 | 350.0 | ||||||
Total(3)(4) | 2,674,688 | $ | 1,058.7 | ||||||
All amounts and percentages used in this discussion of our results of operations are calculated using the numbers presented in the financial statements contained in this report rather than the rounded numbers appearing in this discussion. The dollar amounts included in the tables in this discussion of our results of operations are presented in thousands.
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Comparison of the year ended December 31, 20172020 to the year ended December 31, 20162019
Net Operating Income
We evaluate performance based upon property net operating income (“NOI”) from continuing operations.. NOI is not a measure of operating results or cash flows from operating activities or cash flows as measured by GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income, from continuing operations, as an indication of our performance, or as an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity, or our ability to make distributions. All companies may not calculate NOI in the same manner. We consider NOI to be a useful performance measure to investors and management because when compared across periods, NOI reflects the revenues and expenses directly associated with owning and operating our properties and the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs, providing a perspective not immediately apparent from income from continuing operations.net income. We calculate NOI as net income (loss) excluding corporate general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, impairments, gains/losses on sales of real estate, interest expense, transaction-related expenses and other non-operating items. We define NOI as operating revenues (including rental revenues, other property-related revenue, tenant recoveries and other operating revenues), less property-level operating expenses (which includes external management fees, if any, and property-level general and administrative expenses). NOI on a cash basis is NOI on a GAAP basis, adjusted to exclude the effect of straight-line rent and other non-cash adjustments required by GAAP. We believe that NOI on a cash basis is helpful to investors as an additional measure of operating performance because it eliminates straight-line rent and other non-cash adjustments to revenue and expenses.
Management further analyzes NOI by evaluating the performance from the following property groups:
◦Stabilized non-same store properties development projects, redevelopment
◦Lease-up properties and lease-up
◦Repositioning properties as of December 31, 2017 and other
◦Development properties not owned or not in operation from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017.
◦Redevelopment properties
The following table reconciles net income to NOI:NOI (in thousands, except percentage change):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Dollar Change | Percentage Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME | $ | 16,430 | $ | 55,846 | $ | (39,416) | (70.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from unconsolidated real estate entities | (736) | 747 | (1,483) | (198.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee income | (2,815) | (1,459) | (1,356) | 92.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 116,477 | 105,845 | 10,632 | 10.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (4,089) | (4,044) | (45) | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | 440 | 667 | (227) | (34.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on non-real estate investments | 2,463 | — | 2,463 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate | — | (47,100) | 47,100 | (100.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss | — | 52,201 | (52,201) | (100.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | (548) | (78) | (470) | 602.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 77,882 | 71,947 | 5,935 | 8.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 299,682 | 282,088 | 17,594 | 6.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 505,186 | $ | 516,660 | $ | (11,474) | (2.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Same-store NOI | $ | 436,787 | $ | 465,957 | $ | (29,170) | (6.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-same-store NOI | 68,399 | 50,703 | 17,696 | 34.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 505,186 | $ | 516,660 | $ | (11,474) | (2.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Dollar Change | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 94,561 | $ | 43,758 | $ | 50,803 | 116.1 | % | |||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 90,037 | 76,044 | 13,993 | 18.4 | |||||||||||
| Interest income | (97 | ) | (260 | ) | 163 | (62.7 | ) | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on ineffective portion of derivatives | 70 | 1,436 | (1,366 | ) | (95.1 | ) | |||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | 598 | 376 | 222 | 59.0 | |||||||||||
| Other income | (2,992 | ) | (1,558 | ) | (1,434 | ) | 92.0 | ||||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | (45,574 | ) | (30,389 | ) | (15,185 | ) | 50.0 | ||||||||
| Income from operations | 136,603 | 89,407 | 47,196 | 52.8 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 54,459 | 52,400 | 2,059 | 3.9 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 283,570 | 269,087 | 14,483 | 5.4 | |||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 474,632 | $ | 410,894 | $ | 63,738 | 15.5 | % | |||||||
| Same-Store NOI | $ | 287,498 | $ | 262,077 | $ | 25,421 | 9.7 | % | |||||||
| Non-Same-Store NOI | 187,134 | 148,817 | 38,317 | 25.7 | |||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 474,632 | $ | 410,894 | $ | 63,738 | 15.5 | % | |||||||
The following table summarizes certain statistics of our Same-Store Officeconsolidated same-store office and Media and Entertainmentstudio properties:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Same-store office | |||||||||||||||||
| Number of properties | 39 | 39 | |||||||||||||||
| Rentable square feet | 10,187,240 | 10,187,240 | |||||||||||||||
| Ending % leased | 93.6 | % | 96.9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Ending % occupied | 92.9 | % | 96.4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Average % occupied for the period | 93.9 | % | 94.7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Average annual rental rate per square foot | $ | 53.15 | $ | 51.33 | |||||||||||||
| Same-store studio | |||||||||||||||||
| Number of properties | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Rentable square feet | 1,224,403 | 1,224,403 | |||||||||||||||
Average % occupied over period(1) | 90.2 | % | 92.4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Same-Store Office statistics: | |||||||
| Number of properties | 28 | 28 | |||||
| Rentable square feet | 7,421,172 | 7,421,172 | |||||
| Ending % leased | 96.8 | % | 95.5 | % | |||
| Ending % occupied | 95.1 | % | 95.1 | % | |||
| Average % occupied for the period | 94.7 | % | 94.6 | % | |||
| Average annual rental rate per square foot | $ | 42.32 | $ | 38.92 | |||
| Same-Store Media and Entertainment statistics: | |||||||
| Number of properties | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Rentable square feet | 873,002 | 873,002 | |||||
| Average % occupied for the period | 90.7 | % | 89.2 | % | |||
1.Percent occupied for same-store studio is the average percent occupied for the 12 months ended December 31, 2020.
The following table gives further detail on our NOI:consolidated NOI (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same-store | Non-same-store | Total | Same-store | Non-same-store | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 609,356 | $ | 111,930 | $ | 721,286 | $ | 614,215 | $ | 94,349 | $ | 708,564 | |||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | 13,433 | 1,200 | 14,633 | 23,774 | 1,397 | 25,171 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total office revenues | 622,789 | 113,130 | 735,919 | 637,989 | 95,746 | 733,735 | |||||||||||||||||
| Studio | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 48,756 | — | 48,756 | 51,340 | — | 51,340 | |||||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | 20,290 | — | 20,290 | 33,107 | — | 33,107 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total studio revenues | 69,046 | — | 69,046 | 84,447 | — | 84,447 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 691,835 | 113,130 | 804,965 | 722,436 | 95,746 | 818,182 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 217,468 | 44,731 | 262,199 | 211,166 | 45,043 | 256,209 | |||||||||||||||||
| Studio operating expenses | 37,580 | — | 37,580 | 45,313 | — | 45,313 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 255,048 | 44,731 | 299,779 | 256,479 | 45,043 | 301,522 | |||||||||||||||||
| Office NOI | 405,321 | 68,399 | 473,720 | 426,823 | 50,703 | 477,526 | |||||||||||||||||
| Studio NOI | 31,466 | — | 31,466 | 39,134 | — | 39,134 | |||||||||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 436,787 | $ | 68,399 | $ | 505,186 | $ | 465,957 | $ | 50,703 | $ | 516,660 | |||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Same-Store | Non-Same-Store | Total | Same-Store | Non-Same-Store | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 300,584 | $ | 244,869 | $ | 545,453 | $ | 282,058 | $ | 204,898 | $ | 486,956 | |||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 60,312 | 31,932 | 92,244 | 56,988 | 27,398 | 84,386 | |||||||||||||
| Parking and other | 17,678 | 11,735 | 29,413 | 12,621 | 9,273 | 21,894 | |||||||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 378,574 | 288,536 | 667,110 | 351,667 | 241,569 | 593,236 | |||||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 28,674 | 7,855 | 36,529 | 26,837 | — | 26,837 | |||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 1,105 | 231 | 1,336 | 1,884 | — | 1,884 | |||||||||||||
| Other property-related revenue | 18,254 | 4,551 | 22,805 | 17,380 | — | 17,380 | |||||||||||||
| Other | 348 | 11 | 359 | 302 | — | 302 | |||||||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 48,381 | 12,648 | 61,029 | 46,403 | — | 46,403 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 426,955 | 301,184 | 728,139 | 398,070 | 241,569 | 639,639 | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 113,188 | 105,685 | 218,873 | 110,183 | 92,752 | 202,935 | |||||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment operating expenses | 26,269 | 8,365 | 34,634 | 25,810 | — | 25,810 | |||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 139,457 | 114,050 | 253,507 | 135,993 | 92,752 | 228,745 | |||||||||||||
| Office NOI | 265,386 | 182,851 | 448,237 | 241,484 | 148,817 | 390,301 | |||||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment NOI | 22,112 | 4,283 | 26,395 | 20,593 | — | 20,593 | |||||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 287,498 | $ | 187,134 | $ | 474,632 | $ | 262,077 | $ | 148,817 | $ | 410,894 | |||||||
The following table gives further detail on our change in NOI:consolidated NOI (in thousands, except percentage change):
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same-store | Non-same-store | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dollar change | Percentage change | Dollar change | Percentage change | Dollar change | Percentage change | |||||||||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | (4,859) | (0.8) | % | $ | 17,581 | 18.6 | % | $ | 12,722 | 1.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | (10,341) | (43.5) | (197) | (14.1) | (10,538) | (41.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total office revenues | (15,200) | (2.4) | 17,384 | 18.2 | 2,184 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Studio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | (2,584) | (5.0) | — | — | (2,584) | (5.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | (12,817) | (38.7) | — | — | (12,817) | (38.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total studio revenues | (15,401) | (18.2) | — | — | (15,401) | (18.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | (30,601) | (4.2) | 17,384 | 18.2 | (13,217) | (1.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 6,302 | 3.0 | (312) | (0.7) | 5,990 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Studio operating expenses | (7,733) | (17.1) | — | — | (7,733) | (17.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | (1,431) | (0.6) | (312) | (0.7) | (1,743) | (0.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office NOI | (21,502) | (5.0) | 17,696 | 34.9 | (3,806) | (0.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Studio NOI | (7,668) | (19.6) | — | — | (7,668) | (19.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| NOI | $ | (29,170) | (6.3) | % | $ | 17,696 | 34.9 | % | $ | (11,474) | (2.2) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||
| Same-Store | Non-Same-Store | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Dollar Change | Percent Change | Dollar Change | Percent Change | Dollar Change | Percent Change | ||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 18,526 | 6.6 | % | $ | 39,971 | 19.5 | % | $ | 58,497 | 12.0 | % | |||||
| Tenant recoveries | 3,324 | 5.8 | 4,534 | 16.5 | 7,858 | 9.3 | |||||||||||
| Parking and other | 5,057 | 40.1 | 2,462 | 26.6 | 7,519 | 34.3 | |||||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 26,907 | 7.7 | 46,967 | 19.4 | 73,874 | 12.5 | |||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 1,837 | 6.8 | 7,855 | 100.0 | 9,692 | 36.1 | |||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | (779 | ) | (41.3 | ) | 231 | 100.0 | (548 | ) | (29.1 | ) | |||||||
| Other property-related revenue | 874 | 5.0 | 4,551 | 100.0 | 5,425 | 31.2 | |||||||||||
| Other | 46 | 15.2 | 11 | 100.0 | 57 | 18.9 | |||||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 1,978 | 4.3 | 12,648 | 100.0 | 14,626 | 31.5 | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | 28,885 | 7.3 | 59,615 | 24.7 | 88,500 | 13.8 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 3,005 | 2.7 | 12,933 | 13.9 | 15,938 | 7.9 | |||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment operating expenses | 459 | 1.8 | 8,365 | 100.0 | 8,824 | 34.2 | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 3,464 | 2.5 | 21,298 | 23.0 | 24,762 | 10.8 | |||||||||||
| Office NOI | 23,902 | 9.9 | 34,034 | 22.9 | 57,936 | 14.8 | |||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment NOI | 1,519 | 7.4 | 4,283 | 100.0 | 5,802 | 28.2 | |||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 25,421 | 9.7 | % | $ | 38,317 | 25.7 | % | $ | 63,738 | 15.5 | % | |||||
NOI increased $63.7decreased $11.5 million, or 15.5%2.2%, for the year ended December 31, 20172020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016,2019, primarily resulting from:
•a decrease in office NOI of $21.5 million primarily due to:
•$10.3 million decrease in service and other revenues primarily relating to reduced parking and other revenue at our 1455 Market, Rincon Center, 6922 Hollywood, Met Park North, ICON, 505 First and Ferry Building properties due to COVID-19 restrictions;
•$6.3 million increase in office operating expenses primarily resulting from a $1.1 million increase in real estate taxes attributable to a prior period property tax reassessment as well as an increase in repairs and maintenance, security, insurance and administrative expenses, partially offset by a decrease in utilities and cleaning expenses; and
•$4.9 million decrease in rental revenues primarily relating to tenants vacating our Page Mill Center property and an increase in write-offs of cash rents, primarily related to our store-front retail tenants, and accrued straight-line rent receivables due to the impact of COVID-19.
•a decrease in studio NOI of $7.7 million primarily due to:
•$12.8 million decrease in service and other revenues primarily resulting from a decrease in one-time inactive fees received from Netflix in first quarter 2019 and reduced filming activity at our studio properties related to the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•$2.6 million decrease in rental revenues also resulting from reduced filming activity related to COVID-19;
•partially offset by a $7.7 million decrease in studio operating expenses primarily resulting from a $2.1 million net real estate tax savings attributable to a prior period property tax reassessment as well as lower lighting, parking, utilities and cleaning expenses related to reduced operating activity at our studio properties due to COVID-19.
•a $17.7 million increase in NOI from our Same-Store Officenon-same-store properties resultingdriven by:
•an increase in office NOI of $17.7 million primarily from increaseddue to:
•$17.6 million increase in rental revenues primarily relating toto:
57
•commencement of leases signed at our 1455 Market (Uber Technologies, Inc. and Bank of America), 875 Howard (Glu Mobile, Inc. and Snap,EPIC (Netflix, Inc.), 625 Second (Github, Inc.Fourth & Traction (Honey Science Corporation), Metro Center (various tenants) and Ziff Davis, LLC)333 Twin Dolphin (various tenants) properties and Rincon Center (Google, Inc.) properties at a higher rate than expiring leases. The increase was also due to a reduction in above-market lease amortization at our Towers at Shore Center property. Parking and other revenues increased primarily due to lease termination fees related to our Campus Center property. Tenant recoveries increased primarily due to higher recoveries for our 1455 Market property, the acquisition of 1918 Eighth (Amazon);
•partially offset by prior year property tax reassessments for our Rincon Center property. Office operating expenses increased due to higher repairs and maintenance costs and higher property tax expensesvacancies at our 1455 MarketDel Amo property partially offset by property tax reassessments related to the prior year for our Rincon Center property.
•$0.3 million decrease in office operating expenses primarily relating to reduced owner's expenses and higher operating expense atrepair and maintenance expenses.
Other Income (Expense)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated real estate entities
Income from our Metro Center property, partially offsetunconsolidated real estate entities increased by the sale of our One Bay Plaza property.
Fee income increased by $1.4 million, or 100.0%, increase in NOI from our Non-Same-Store Media and Entertainment property resulting from our acquisition of Sunset Las Palmas Studios in May 2017.
Interest expense
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2020 to leases signed at our 1455 Market (Uber Technologies, Inc. and Bank of America), 875 Howard (Glu Mobile, Inc. and Snap, Inc.), 625 Second (Github, Inc. and Ziff Davis, LLC) and Rincon Center (Google, Inc.) properties at a higher rate than expiring leases. The increase was also due to a reduction in above-market lease amortization at our Towers at Shore Center property.the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands, except percentage change):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Dollar Change | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross interest expense | $ | 126,447 | $ | 115,845 | $ | 10,602 | 9.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (19,509) | (16,258) | (3,251) | 20.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs/loan discount | 9,539 | 6,258 | 3,281 | 52.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | $ | 116,477 | $ | 105,845 | $ | 10,632 | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Gross interest expense increased by $3.3$10.6 million, or 5.8%9.2%, to $60.3$126.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to $57.0$115.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The increase was primarily related to higher recoveries fordriven by the closing of a $900.0 million loan secured by the Hollywood Media Portfolio (July 2020), the issuance of $500.0 million 4.65% registered senior notes (June 2019) and $400.0 million 3.25% registered senior notes (October 2019) and the closing of a $314.3 million loan secured by our 1455 Market1918 Eighth property (December 2020), partially offset by property tax reassessments related to the prior year forpaydown of Term Loan A (October 2019), Term Loan B, Term Loan D, Met Park North loan, Revolving Sunset Bronson Studios/ICON/CUE facility and outstanding borrowings on our Rincon Center property.unsecured revolving credit facility all in July 2020.
58
Gains on sale of real estate
We recognized a $47.1 million gain on the sale of our Campus Center property during the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the commencement of Netflix, Inc.’s lease at our ICON property in the first quarter of 2017 and the 2016 Acquisitions, partially offset by the sale of our One Bay Plaza (sold in June 2016), 12655 Jefferson (sold in November 2016), 222 Kearny (sold in February 2017), Pinnacle I and Pinnacle II (sold in November 2017) properties. The increase was also attributable to leases signed at our Metro Center (Qualys, Inc., BrightEdge Technologies, Inc. and Scale Management, LLC) property at a higher rate than expiring leases, partially offset by lower revenues from our 604 Arizona property, which was taken off-line for a redevelopment project.
Impairment loss
We recorded $52.2 million of impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to our Campus Center office property. Our estimated fair value was based on the sale of our Bayhill Office Center, Patrick Henry, One Bay Plazaprice. We did not recognize any impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2020.
General and 12655 Jefferson properties.administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses include wages and salaries for corporate-level employees, accounting, legal and other professional services, office supplies, entertainment, travel and automobile expenses, telecommunications and computer-related expenses and other miscellaneous items. General and administrative expenses increased $2.1$5.9 million, or 3.9%8.2%, to $54.5$77.9 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to $52.4$71.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to the adoption of the 2017 Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. Outperformance Programpolitical contributions made for statewide ballot measures.
Depreciation and increased staffing to meet operational needs.amortization expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $14.5$17.6 million, or 5.4%6.2%, to $283.6$299.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to $269.1$282.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The increase was primarily related to depreciation expenses associated withrecently completed redevelopment and development properties (EPIC, Fourth & Traction and Maxwell) and an increase in deferred leasing costs and tenant improvements for properties placed in service in the 2016 Acquisitions, our ICON property and the acquisitionfourth quarter of Sunset Las Palmas Studios, partially offset by the reduction of depreciation expense as a result of the sale of our One Bay Plaza, 222 Kearny, Pinnacle I and Pinnacle II properties.2019.
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 20162019 to the year ended December 31, 20152018
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | Dollar Change | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 43,758 | $ | (16,082 | ) | $ | 59,840 | 372.1 | % | ||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 76,044 | 50,667 | 25,377 | 50.1 | |||||||||||
| Interest income | (260 | ) | (124 | ) | (136 | ) | 109.7 | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on ineffective portion of derivatives | 1,436 | — | 1,436 | 100.0 | |||||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | 376 | 43,336 | (42,960 | ) | (99.1 | ) | |||||||||
| Other (income) expense | (1,558 | ) | 62 | (1,620 | ) | (2,612.9 | ) | ||||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | (30,389 | ) | (30,471 | ) | 82 | (0.3 | ) | ||||||||
| Income from operations | 89,407 | 47,388 | 42,019 | 88.7 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 52,400 | 38,534 | 13,866 | 36.0 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 269,087 | 245,071 | 24,016 | 9.8 | |||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 410,894 | $ | 330,993 | $ | 79,901 | 24.1 | % | |||||||
| Same-Store NOI | $ | 155,989 | $ | 137,148 | $ | 18,841 | 13.7 | % | |||||||
| Non-Same-Store NOI | 254,905 | 193,845 | 61,060 | 31.5 | |||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 410,894 | $ | 330,993 | $ | 79,901 | 24.1 | % | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||
| Same-Store Office statistics: | |||||||
| Number of properties | 20 | 20 | |||||
| Rentable square feet | 4,433,689 | 4,433,689 | |||||
| Ending % leased | 96.2 | % | 94.0 | % | |||
| Ending % occupied | 95.4 | % | 92.4 | % | |||
| Average % occupied for the period | 93.0 | % | 92.8 | % | |||
| Average annual rental rate per square foot | $ | 36.36 | $ | 34.01 | |||
| Same-Store Media and Entertainment statistics: | |||||||
| Number of properties | $ | 2.00 | $ | 2.00 | |||
| Rentable square feet | 879,652 | 879,652 | |||||
| Average % occupied for the period | 89.1 | % | 78.5 | % | |||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Same-Store | Non-Same-Store | Total | Same Store | Non-Same-Store | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 156,258 | $ | 330,698 | $ | 486,956 | $ | 144,822 | $ | 249,721 | $ | 394,543 | |||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 28,463 | 55,923 | 84,386 | 27,703 | 38,532 | 66,235 | |||||||||||||
| Parking and other | 16,096 | 5,798 | 21,894 | 15,450 | 5,490 | 20,940 | |||||||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 200,817 | 392,419 | 593,236 | 187,975 | 293,743 | 481,718 | |||||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 26,837 | — | 26,837 | 23,027 | — | 23,027 | |||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 1,884 | — | 1,884 | 943 | — | 943 | |||||||||||||
| Other property-related revenue | 17,380 | — | 17,380 | 14,849 | — | 14,849 | |||||||||||||
| Other | 302 | — | 302 | 313 | — | 313 | |||||||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 46,403 | — | 46,403 | 39,132 | — | 39,132 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 247,220 | 392,419 | 639,639 | 227,107 | 293,743 | 520,850 | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 65,421 | 137,514 | 202,935 | 66,233 | 99,898 | 166,131 | |||||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment operating expenses | 25,810 | — | 25,810 | 23,726 | — | 23,726 | |||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 91,231 | 137,514 | 228,745 | 89,959 | 99,898 | 189,857 | |||||||||||||
| Office NOI | 135,396 | 254,905 | 390,301 | 121,742 | 193,845 | 315,587 | |||||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment NOI | 20,593 | — | 20,593 | 15,406 | — | 15,406 | |||||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 155,989 | $ | 254,905 | $ | 410,894 | $ | 137,148 | $ | 193,845 | $ | 330,993 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||
| Same-Store | Non-Same-Store | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Dollar Change | Percent Change | Dollar Change | Percent Change | Dollar Change | Percent Change | ||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 11,436 | 7.9 | % | $ | 80,977 | 32.4 | % | $ | 92,413 | 23.4 | % | |||||
| Tenant recoveries | 760 | 2.7 | 17,391 | 45.1 | 18,151 | 27.4 | |||||||||||
| Parking and other | 646 | 4.2 | 308 | 5.6 | 954 | 4.6 | |||||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 12,842 | 6.8 | 98,676 | 33.6 | 111,518 | 23.2 | |||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 3,810 | 16.5 | — | — | 3,810 | 16.5 | |||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 941 | 99.8 | — | — | 941 | 99.8 | |||||||||||
| Other property-related revenue | 2,531 | 17.0 | — | — | 2,531 | 17.0 | |||||||||||
| Other | (11 | ) | (3.5 | ) | — | — | (11 | ) | (3.5 | ) | |||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 7,271 | 18.6 | — | — | 7,271 | 18.6 | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | 20,113 | 8.9 | 98,676 | 33.6 | 118,789 | 22.8 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | (812 | ) | (1.2 | ) | 37,616 | 37.7 | 36,804 | 22.2 | |||||||||
| Media & Entertainment operating expenses | 2,084 | 8.8 | — | — | 2,084 | 8.8 | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,272 | 1.4 | 37,616 | 37.7 | 38,888 | 20.5 | |||||||||||
| Office NOI | 13,654 | 11.2 | 61,060 | 31.5 | 74,714 | 23.7 | |||||||||||
| Media & Entertainment NOI | 5,187 | 33.7 | — | — | 5,187 | 33.7 | |||||||||||
| NOI | $ | 18,841 | 13.7 | % | $ | 61,060 | 31.5 | % | $ | 79,901 | 24.1 | % | |||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have remained capitalized since our initial public offering through public offerings, private placements, joint ventures and continuous offerings under our at-the-market (“ATM”) program. We currently expect that our principal sources of funds to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements for working capital, strategic acquisitions, capital expenditures, tenant improvements, leasing costs, dividends and distributions, share repurchases and repayments of outstanding debt financing will include:
•proceeds from additional secured, or unsecured debt financings or offerings.
59
Liquidity Sources
We had approximately $78.9$113.7 million of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2017.2020. Our principal source of operating cash flow is related to leasing and operating the properties in our portfolio. Our properties provide a relatively consistent stream of cash flow that provides us with resources to pay operating expenses, debt service and fund quarterly dividend and distribution requirements.
Our ability to access the equity capital markets will be dependent on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions about us.
We have an ATM program that allows us to sell up to $125.0 million of common stock, $20.1 million of which has been sold through December 31, 2017.2020. Any future sales will depend on several factors, including, but not limited to, market conditions, the trading price of our common stock and our capital needs. We have no obligation to sell the remaining shares available for sale under this program.
As of December 31, 2017,2020, we had total borrowing capacity of $400.0$600.0 million under our unsecured revolving credit facility, $100.0none of which had been drawn. As of December 31, 2020, we had total borrowing capacity of $414.6 million under our construction loan, secured by our One Westside and 10850 Pico properties, $106.1 million of which had been drawn.
Our ability to incur additional debt will be dependent on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders. If we incur additional debt, the risks associated with our leverage, including our ability to service our debt, would increase.
| Market capitalization | December 31, 2017 | |||
Notes payable(1) | $ | 2,439,311 | ||
| Series A preferred units | 10,177 | |||
Common equity capitalization(2) | 5,400,294 | |||
| Total market capitalization | $ | 7,849,782 | ||
| Series A preferred units & debt/total market capitalization | 31.2 | % | ||
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||
Unsecured and | ||||||||
| $ | 3,432,276 | |||||||
| 9,815 | ||||||||
| Total consolidated debt | 3,442,091 | |||||||
Common equity capitalization | 3,705,869 | |||||||
| TOTAL CONSOLIDATED MARKET CAPITALIZATION | $ | 7,147,960 | ||||||
| Total consolidated debt/total consolidated market capitalization | 48.2 | % | ||||||
_____________
1.Excludes in-substance defeased debt, joint venture partner debt and unamortized deferred financing costs and loan discount.
2.Common equity capitalization represents the shares of common stock outstanding (including unvested restricted shares), OP units outstanding, restricted performance units and dilutive shares multiplied by the closing price of $24.02, reported by the NYSE, on December 31, 2020.
Outstanding Indebtedness
The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 20172020 and December 31, 20162019 with respect to our outstanding indebtedness:indebtedness, excluding unamortized deferred financing costs and loan discounts (in thousands):
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | Interest Rate(1) | Contractual Maturity Date | |||||||||
| UNSECURED NOTES PAYABLE | ||||||||||||
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility(2) | $ | 100,000 | $ | 300,000 | LIBOR + 1.15% to 1.85% | 4/1/2019 | (3) | |||||
5-Year Term Loan due April 2020(2)(4) | 300,000 | 450,000 | LIBOR + 1.30% to 2.20% | 4/1/2020 | ||||||||
5-Year Term Loan due November 2020(2) | 75,000 | 175,000 | LIBOR + 1.30% to 2.20% | 11/17/2020 | ||||||||
7-Year Term Loan due April 2022(2)(5) | 350,000 | 350,000 | LIBOR + 1.60% to 2.55% | 4/1/2022 | ||||||||
7-Year Term Loan due November 2022(2)(6) | 125,000 | 125,000 | LIBOR + 1.60% to 2.55% | 11/17/2022 | ||||||||
| Series A Notes | 110,000 | 110,000 | 4.34% | 1/2/2023 | ||||||||
| Series E Notes | 50,000 | 50,000 | 3.66% | 9/15/2023 | ||||||||
| Series B Notes | 259,000 | 259,000 | 4.69% | 12/16/2025 | ||||||||
| Series D Notes | 150,000 | 150,000 | 3.98% | 7/6/2026 | ||||||||
Registered Senior Notes(7) | 400,000 | — | 3.95% | 11/1/2027 | ||||||||
| Series C Notes | 56,000 | 56,000 | 4.79% | 12/16/2027 | ||||||||
| TOTAL UNSECURED NOTES PAYABLE | 1,975,000 | 2,025,000 | ||||||||||
| SECURED NOTES PAYABLE | ||||||||||||
Rincon Center(8)(9) | 98,392 | 100,409 | 5.13% | 5/1/2018 | ||||||||
| Sunset Gower Studios/Sunset Bronson Studios | 5,001 | 5,001 | LIBOR + 2.25% | 3/4/2019 | (3) | |||||||
Met Park North(10) | 64,500 | 64,500 | LIBOR + 1.55% | 8/1/2020 | ||||||||
10950 Washington(8) | 27,418 | 27,929 | 5.32% | 3/11/2022 | ||||||||
| Element LA | 168,000 | 168,000 | 4.59% | 11/6/2025 | ||||||||
Hill7(11) | 101,000 | 101,000 | 3.38% | 11/6/2028 | ||||||||
Pinnacle I(12) | — | 129,000 | 3.95% | 11/7/2022 | ||||||||
Pinnacle II(12) | — | 87,000 | 4.30% | 6/11/2026 | ||||||||
| TOTAL SECURED NOTES PAYABLE | 464,311 | 682,839 | ||||||||||
| TOTAL NOTES PAYABLE | 2,439,311 | 2,707,839 | ||||||||||
Held for sale balances(12) | — | (216,000 | ) | |||||||||
Unamortized deferred financing costs and loan discounts(13) | (17,931 | ) | (18,513 | ) | ||||||||
| TOTAL NOTES PAYABLE, NET | $ | 2,421,380 | $ | 2,473,326 | ||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured debt | $ | 1,925,000 | $ | 2,475,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured debt | $ | 1,507,276 | $ | 370,459 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-substance defeased debt | $ | 131,707 | $ | 135,030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joint venture partner debt | $ | 66,136 | $ | 66,136 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The operating partnership was in compliance with its financial covenants as of December 31, 2017.2020.
Credit Rating
In October 2019, Moody’s Investors Service upgraded the Company’s long-term corporate credit rating from Baa3 to Baa2, with a stable outlook. A corporate credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time.
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Liquidity Uses
Contractual Obligations
The following table provides information with respect to our commitments at December 31, 2017,2020, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations.obligations (in thousands):
| Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligation | Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | |||||||||||||||
Principal payments on mortgage loans(1) | $ | 2,439,311 | $ | 98,930 | $ | 545,664 | $ | 500,717 | $ | 1,294,000 | ||||||||||
Interest payments—fixed rate(1)(2) | 469,218 | 57,477 | 111,509 | 110,370 | 189,862 | |||||||||||||||
Interest payments—variable rate(3) | 101,147 | 30,357 | 49,004 | 21,786 | — | |||||||||||||||
Capital improvements(4) | 239,272 | 239,272 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Ground leases(5) | 452,825 | 14,111 | 28,322 | 28,322 | 382,070 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,701,773 | $ | 440,147 | $ | 734,499 | $ | 661,195 | $ | 1,865,932 | ||||||||||
| Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligation | Total | Less than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More than 5 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on unsecured and secured debt | $ | 3,432,276 | $ | 632 | $ | 1,083,344 | $ | 741,300 | $ | 1,607,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on in-substance defeased debt | 131,707 | 3,494 | 128,213 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on joint venture partner debt | 66,136 | — | — | — | 66,136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest payments—fixed rate(1) | 643,304 | 100,827 | 186,940 | 172,244 | 183,293 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest payments—variable rate(2) | 67,800 | 28,429 | 27,956 | 11,415 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital improvements(3) | 241,623 | 241,623 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ground leases(4) | 608,468 | 18,622 | 37,101 | 36,784 | 515,961 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | $ | 5,191,314 | $ | 393,627 | $ | 1,463,554 | $ | 961,743 | $ | 2,372,390 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Interest rates with respect to indebtedness are calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual days elapsed. Reflects our projected interest obligations for fixed rate debts, which includes $10.7 million of projected interest related to our in-substance defeased debt and $23.1 million of projected interest related to our joint venture partner debt.
2.Interest rates with respect to indebtedness are calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual days elapsed. Reflects our projected interest obligations for variable rate debts, including those that are effectively fixed as a result of derivatives and in instances where interest is paid based on a LIBOR margin. We used the average December LIBOR and current margin based on the leverage ratio as of December 31, 2020.
3.Amount represents capital improvement commitments related to development and redevelopment projects and contractual obligations related to tenant improvements as of December 31, 2020. Includes tenant overages that will ultimately be reimbursed by our tenants.
4.Reflects minimum lease payments through the contractual lease expiration date before the impact of extension options. Refer to Part IV, Item 15(a) “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules—Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Future Minimum Base Rents and Lease Payments” for details of our ground lease agreements.
The Company invests in a real estate technology venture capital fund. The investment involves a commitment of funding from the Company of up to $20.0 million. As of December 31, 2020,the Company has contributed $4.2 million, net of distributions, with $15.8 million remaining to be contributed.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have one investment in an unconsolidated real estate entity, pursuant to a co-ownership agreement with an affiliate of Blackstone Property Partners Lower Fund 1 LP (“Blackstone 1 LP”), the Bentall Centre property located in Vancouver, Canada. We own 20% of this joint venture and we serve as the operating partner. The unconsolidated real estate entity has mortgage indebtedness. Due to our significant influence over the unconsolidated entity, the Company accounts for the entity using the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2017, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.2020, the aggregate carrying amount of debt, including both our and our partners’ share, incurred by the unconsolidated entity was approximately $499.9 million and our proportionate share is approximately $100.0 million.
Cash Flows
Comparison of the cash flow activity for the year ended December 31, 20172020 to the year ended December 31, 20162019 is as follows:follows (in thousands, except percentage change):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Dollar Change | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 302,032 | $ | 288,011 | $ | 14,021 | 4.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (1,006,844) | $ | (316,409) | $ | (690,435) | 218.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 796,094 | $ | 18,465 | $ | 777,629 | 4,211.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Dollar Change | Percentage Change | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 292,959 | $ | 226,774 | $ | 66,185 | 29.2 | % | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (333,038 | ) | (524,897 | ) | 191,859 | (36.6 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 33,167 | 334,754 | (301,587 | ) | (90.1 | ) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $101.3$149.5 million and $108.2$58.3 million at December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, respectively.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $66.2$14.0 million, or 29.2%4.9%, to $293.0$302.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 as compared to $226.8$288.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The change resulted primarily from lower cash rents during the year ended December 31, 2019 due to free rent and beneficial occupancy periods for several tenants in the prior year that did not reoccur in the current year, partially offset by an increase in cash NOI, as defined, from our office and media and entertainment properties, driven by our Sunset Las Palmas Studios acquisition, the 2016 Acquisitions and higher rental revenue across our portfolio, partially offset by lower cash NOI related to One Bay Plaza (sold in June 2016), 12655 Jefferson (sold in November 2016), 222 Kearny (sold in February 2017), Pinnacle I and Pinnacle II (sold in November 2017) properties.interest expense.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreasedincreased by $191.9$690.4 million, or 36.6%218.2%, to $333.0$1.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to $316.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $524.9 million for year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The change resulted primarily from a reduction$593.9 million spent on the 2020 acquisition of 1918 Eighth and $147.8 million proceeds from the Campus Center disposition in cash used to acquire real estate,2019, partially offset by a reduction$47.7 million lower contributions to unconsolidated entities in proceeds from sales of real estate properties and an increase in cash used for additions2020 as compared to investment in real estate.2019.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities decreasedincreased by $301.6$777.6 million, or 90.1%4,211.4%, to $33.2$796.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 as compared to $334.8$18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. 2019.The change resulted primarily from a reduction$381.7 million higher proceeds from notes payable, net of repayments, in 2020 as compared to 2019, $367.5 million proceeds from the sale of stocka non-controlling interest in the Hollywood Media Portfolio in 2020 and a reduction$123.6 million higher contributions from non-controlling members, net of distributions, in proceeds from notes payable,2020 as compared to 2019. The increase was partially offset by $80.2 million of share repurchases and $16.0 million of transaction costs for related to the sale of a reductionnon-controlling interest in payment for redemption of common unitsthe Hollywood Media Portfolio in our operating partnership.2020.
Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measure: Funds From OperationsMeasures
We calculate FFO in accordance with the White Paper issued in December 2018 on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts.NAREIT. The White Paper defines FFO as net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP,generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), excluding extraordinary items, as defined by GAAP, gains and losses from sales of depreciable real estate, gains and losses from sale of certain real estate assets and impairment write-downs associated with depreciable real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs and depreciation of non-real estate assets) and after adjustment for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. The calculation of FFO includes the amortization of deferred revenue related to tenant-funded tenant improvements and excludes the depreciation of the related tenant improvement assets. In the December 2018 White Paper, NAREIT provided an option to include value changes in mark-to-market equity securities in the calculation of FFO. We elected this option retroactively during fourth quarter 2018. We believe that FFO is a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance. The exclusion from FFO of gains and losses from the sale of operating real estate assets allows investors and analysts to readily identify the operating results of the assets that form the core of our activity and assists in comparing those operating results between periods. Also, because FFO is generally recognized as the industry standard for reporting the operations of REITs, it facilitates comparisons of operating performance to other REITs. However, other REITs may use different methodologies to calculate FFO, and accordingly, our FFO may not be comparable to all other REITs.
Implicit in historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP is the assumption that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies using historical cost accounting alone to be insufficient. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, we believe that FFO along with the required GAAP presentations provides a more complete measurement of our performance relative to our competitors and a more appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing and investing activities than the required GAAP presentations alone would provide. We use FFO per share to calculate annual cash bonuses for certain employees.
However, FFO should not be viewed as an alternative measure of our operating performance because it does not reflect either depreciation and amortization costs or the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, which are significant economic costs and could materially impact our results from operations.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to FFO:FFO (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Net income | $ | 94,561 | $ | 43,758 | |||
| Adjustments: | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets | 281,773 | 267,245 | |||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | (45,574 | ) | (30,389 | ) | |||
| FFO attributable to non-controlling interests | (24,068 | ) | (18,817 | ) | |||
| Net income attributable to preferred units | (636 | ) | (636 | ) | |||
| FFO to common stockholders and unitholders | $ | 306,056 | $ | 261,161 | |||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 16,430 | $ | 55,846 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization—Consolidated | 299,682 | 282,088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization—Corporate-related | (2,286) | (2,153) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization—Company’s share from unconsolidated real estate investments | 5,605 | 3,964 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate | — | (47,100) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss | — | 52,201 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on non-real estate investments | 2,463 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FFO attributable to non-controlling interests | (37,644) | (28,576) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FFO attributable to preferred units | (612) | (612) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FFO TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS AND UNITHOLDERS | $ | 283,638 | $ | 315,658 | |||||||||||||||||||
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
The primary market risk we face is interest rate risk. Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. As more fully described below, we use derivatives to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings. We only enter into contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors. For a summary of our outstanding indebtedness, see Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” For a summary of our derivatives, refer to Part IV, Item 15(a) “Financial“Exhibits, Financial Statement and Schedules—Note 67 to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives.”
Interest risk amounts were determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur in that environment. Further, in the event of a change of that magnitude, we may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in our financial structure.
| Interest Rate Range | Fair Value (Liabilities)/Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying Debt Instrument | Number of Derivatives | Notional Amount | Effective Date | Maturity Date | Low | High | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hollywood Media Portfolio (formerly Term Loan B) | 2 | $ | 350,000 | April 2015 | April 2022 | 2.96 | % | 3.46 | % | $ | (7,112) | ||||||||||||
| Hollywood Media Portfolio (formerly Term Loan D) | 1 | 125,000 | June 2016 | November 2022 | 2.63 | % | 3.13 | % | (2,994) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest rate cap | Strike rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hollywood Media Portfolio | 1 | $ | 900,000 | July 2020 | August 2022 | 3.50% | $ | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | $ | 1,375,000 | $ | (10,101) | |||||||||||||||||||
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The remainingfollowing table summarizes our fixed and variable rate debt which includes the $100.0as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
| Unsecured and Secured Debt | In-Substance Defeased Debt | Joint Venture Partner Debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable rate(1) | $ | 1,212,559 | $ | 1,212,560 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate | 2,219,717 | 2,364,233 | 131,707 | 131,633 | 66,136 | 68,346 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL(2) | $ | 3,432,276 | $ | 3,576,793 | $ | 131,707 | $ | 131,633 | $ | 66,136 | $ | 68,346 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________
1.Includes $475.0 million drawn under our unsecured revolving credit facility, the $75.0 million loan drawn under our 5-Year Term Loan due November 2020 and the $5.0 million on our mortgage loan secured by Sunset Gower Studios/Sunset Bronson Studios,of debt that is not subject to derivatives. effectively fixed as a result of interest rate swaps.
2.Excludes unamortized deferred financing costs.
For sensitivity purposes, if one-month LIBOR as of December 31, 20172020 was to increase by 100 basis points, or 1.0%, the resulting increase in annual interest expense would impactdecrease our future earnings and cash flows by $1.8 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We have exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our unconsolidated real estate entity operating in Canada. The estimated fair valueunconsolidated real estate entity’s functional currency is the local currency, or Canadian dollars. Any gains or losses resulting from the translation of Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars are classified on our variable rate debt equals the carrying value.Consolidated Balance Sheets as a separate component of other comprehensive income and are excluded from net income.
ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in Part IV, Item 15(a) of this report.
ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures (Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.)
Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded, as of that time, that Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. is required to disclose in reports that Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. files under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Disclosure Controls and Procedures (Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.)
Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the sole general partner of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the sole general partner of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Based on the foregoing, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the sole general partner of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.) concluded, as of that time, that Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. is required to disclose in reports that Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. files under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the sole general partner of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.)
There have been no changes that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year covered by this report in Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation referenced above that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.)
There have been no changes that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year covered by this report in Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation referenced above that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.)
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s system of internal control is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.2020. In conducting its assessment, management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission on Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2017,2020, Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc., does not expect that Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s disclosure controls and procedures, or Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal controls will prevent all errorerrors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefit of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
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Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.)
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s system of internal control is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the sole general partner of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.), assessed the effectiveness of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.2020. In conducting its assessment, management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission on Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2017,2020, Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the sole general partner of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.), does not expect that Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s disclosure controls and procedures, or Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.’s internal controls will prevent all errorerrors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefit of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control
systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
Attestation Report of theRegistered Accounting Firm (Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.)
The effectiveness of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2020, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, as stated in their report appearing on page F-2, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.2020.
ITEM 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our annual stockholders’ meeting presently scheduled to be held in May 2018.2021. We intend to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, our code of ethics within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.
ITEM 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our annual stockholders’ meeting presently scheduled to be held in May 2018.2021.
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our annual stockholders’ meeting presently scheduled to be held in May 2018.2021.
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our annual stockholders’ meeting presently scheduled to be held in May 2018.2021.
ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our annual stockholders’ meeting presently scheduled to be held in May 2018.2021.
PART IV
ITEM 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) and (2) Financial Statements and Schedules
The following consolidated financial information is included as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC. | ||||||||
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, L.P. | ||||||||
All other schedules are omitted since the required information is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the financial statements and notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 3.1 | May 12, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | S-11/A | 333-170751 | 3.3 | December 6, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.3 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 3.1 | January 12, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.4 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | February 26, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 3.4 | November 4, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 4.1 | June 14, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.1 | October 2, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.2 | October 2, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.4 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.1 | May 7, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.2 | October 3, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68
| Incorporated by Reference | Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 3.1 | May 12, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | S-11/A | 333-170751 | 3.3 | December 6, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.3 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 3.1 | January 12, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.4 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | February 26, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 3.4 | November 4, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 4.1 | June 14, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.1 | October 2, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.2 | October 2, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.6 | 4.6 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 4.6 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.2 | November 22, 2010 | 10.1 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.2 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.3 | November 22, 2010 | 10.2 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.3 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.5 | November 22, 2010 | 10.3 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.5 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.6 | November 22, 2010 | 10.4 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.6 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.5 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.7 | November 22, 2010 | 10.5 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.7 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.6 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.8 | November 22, 2010 | 10.6 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.8 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.7 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.10 | November 22, 2010 | 10.7 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.10 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.8 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.11 | November 22, 2010 | 10.8 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.11 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.9 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.12 | November 22, 2010 | 10.9 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.12 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.10 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.13 | November 22, 2010 | 10.10 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.13 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.11 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.14 | November 22, 2010 | 10.11 | S-11 | 333-170751 | 10.14 | November 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.12 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.5 | June 14, 2010 | 10.12 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.5 | June 14, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.13 | S-11/A | 333-170751 | 10.17 | December 6, 2010 | 10.13 | S-11/A | 333-170751 | 10.17 | December 6, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.14 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.11 | April 9, 2010 | 10.14 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.11 | April 9, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.15 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.12 | April 9, 2010 | 10.15 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.12 | April 9, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.16 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.13 | April 9, 2010 | 10.16 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.13 | April 9, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.17 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.14 | April 9, 2010 | 10.17 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.14 | April 9, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.18 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.16 | April 9, 2010 | 10.18 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.16 | April 9, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.19 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.17 | April 9, 2010 | 10.19 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.17 | April 9, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.20 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.3 | July 1, 2010 | 10.20 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.3 | July 1, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.21 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.20 | June 11, 2010 | 10.21 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.20 | June 11, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.22 | 10.22 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.24 | June 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.23 | 10.23 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.25 | June 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.24 | 10.24 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.26 | June 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.25 | 10.25 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.27 | June 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.26 | 10.26 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.28 | June 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.27 | 10.27 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.29 | June 22, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69
| Incorporated by Reference | Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.22 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.24 | June 22, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.23 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.25 | June 22, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.24 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.26 | June 22, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.25 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.27 | June 22, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.26 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.28 | June 22, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.27 | S-11/A | 333-164916 | 10.29 | June 22, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.28 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.5 | July 1, 2010 | 10.28 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.5 | July 1, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.29 | S-11/A | 333-170751 | 10.45 | December 6, 2010 | 10.29 | S-11/A | 333-170751 | 10.45 | December 6, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.30 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | December 21, 2010 | 10.30 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | December 21, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.31 | S-11 | 333-173487 | 10.48 | April 14, 2011 | 10.31 | S-11 | 333-173487 | 10.48 | April 14, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.32 | S-11 | 333-173487 | 10.49 | April 14, 2011 | 10.32 | S-11 | 333-173487 | 10.49 | April 14, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.33 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.1 | May 4, 2011 | 10.33 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 4.1 | May 4, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.34 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | May 4, 2011 | 10.34 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | May 4, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.35 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 6, 2012 | 10.35 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 6, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.36 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 7, 2013 | 10.36 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 7, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.37 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | July 1, 2013 | 10.37 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | July 1, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.38 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.66 | November 7, 2013 | 10.38 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.66 | November 7, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.39 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 99.1 | November 22, 2013 | 10.39 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 99.1 | November 22, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.40 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 3, 2014 | 10.40 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 3, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.41 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.70 | March 3, 2014 | 10.41 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.70 | March 3, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.42 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.76 | August 7, 2014 | 10.42 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.76 | August 7, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.43 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.77 | August 7, 2014 | 10.43 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.77 | August 7, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.44 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.78 | August 7, 2014 | 10.44 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.78 | August 7, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.45 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.79 | August 7, 2014 | 10.45 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.79 | August 7, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.46 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | December 11, 2014 | 10.46 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | December 11, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.47 | 10.47 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | December 11, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.48 | 10.48 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 2, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.49 | 10.49 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 12, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.50 | 10.50 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.84 | March 2, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.51 | 10.51 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | March 12, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.52 | 10.52 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | March 12, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.53 | 10.53 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.91 | August 10, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.54 | 10.54 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.93 | November 6, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.55 | 10.55 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | November 20, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70
| Incorporated by Reference | Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.47 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | December 11, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.48 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.84 | March 2, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.49 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 2, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.50 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | January 12, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.51 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | March 12, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.52 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | March 12, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.53 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.91 | August 10, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.54 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.93 | November 6, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.55 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | November 20, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.56 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.3 | November 20, 2015 | 10.56 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | December 21, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.57 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.4 | November 20, 2015 | 10.57 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.3 | December 21, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.58 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | December 21, 2015 | 10.58 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.4 | December 21, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.59 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.3 | December 21, 2015 | 10.59 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.5 | December 21, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.60 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.4 | December 21, 2015 | 10.60 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.6 | December 21, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.61 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.5 | December 21, 2015 | 10.61 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.95 | February 26, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.62 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.6 | December 21, 2015 | 10.62 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.96 | February 26, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.63 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.95 | February 26, 2016 | 10.63 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | March 21, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.64 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.96 | February 26, 2016 | 10.64 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | March 21, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.65 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | March 21, 2016 | 10.65 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.8 | August 4, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.66 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | March 21, 2016 | 10.66 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | February 10, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.67 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.8 | August 4, 2016 | 10.67 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | February 10, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.68 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | February 10, 2017 | 10.68 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | May 25, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.69 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | February 10, 2017 | 10.69 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.2 | November 6, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.70 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | May 25, 2017 | 10.70 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.72 | February 16, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.71 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.2 | November 6, 2017 | 10.71 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.73 | February 16, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.72 | 10.72 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | March 19, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.73 | 10.73 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.1 | August 2, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.74 | 10.74 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | December 14, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.75 | 10.75 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.75 | February 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.76 | 10.76 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.76 | February 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.77 | 10.77 | 10-Q | 001-34789 | 10.2 | May 7, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.78 | 10.78 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.78 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.79 | 10.79 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.79 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.80 | 10.80 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.8 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.81 | 10.81 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.81 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.82 | 10.82 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.82 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.83 | 10.83 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.83 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.84 | 10.84 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.84 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.85 | 10.85 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.85 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.86 | 10.86 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.86 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.87 | 10.87 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.87 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.88 | 10.88 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.88 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71
| Incorporated by Reference | Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.89 | 10.89 | 10-K | 001-34789 | 10.89 | February 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.90 | 10.90 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.1 | February 12, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.91 | 10.91 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 10.2 | February 12, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.92 | 10.92 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.93 | 10.93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21.1 | 21.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.1 | 23.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | 31.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | 31.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.3 | 31.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.4 | 31.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1 | 32.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.2 | 32.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99.1 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 99.1 | January 23, 2012 | 99.1 | 8-K | 001-34789 | 99.1 | January 23, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 | The following financial information from Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Capital, (vi) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements** | 101 | The following financial information from Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Capital, (vi) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements** | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | * | Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ** | Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the interactive data files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. | ** | Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the interactive data files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| + | + | Filed herewith. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not Applicable.
72
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC. | |||||
| February | /s/ VICTOR J. COLEMAN | ||||
| VICTOR J. COLEMAN | |||||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below does hereby constitute and appoint Victor J. Coleman and Mark T. Lammas, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the Form 10-K filed herewith and any and all amendments to said Form 10-K, and generally to do all such things in our names and in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said Form 10-K and any and all amendments thereto.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
/S/ VICTOR J. COLEMAN | Chief Executive Officer Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer) | February | ||||||||||||
| Victor J. Coleman | ||||||||||||||
/S/ | Financial Officer) | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | February | |||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Robert L. Harris II | ||||||||||||||
/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Christy Haubegger | ||||||||||||||
/S/ MARK D. LINEHAN | Director | February 22, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Mark D. Linehan | ||||||||||||||
/S/ ROBERT M. MORAN, JR. | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Robert M. Moran, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
73
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, L.P. | |||||
| February | /s/ VICTOR J. COLEMAN | ||||
| VICTOR J. COLEMAN | |||||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below does hereby constitute and appoint Victor J. Coleman and Mark T. Lammas, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the Form 10-K filed herewith and any and all amendments to said Form 10-K, and generally to do all such things in our names and in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. as sole general partner and on behalf of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P., to comply with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said Form 10-K and any and all amendments thereto.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
/S/ VICTOR J. COLEMAN | Chief Executive Officer Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer) | February | ||||||||||||
| Victor J. Coleman | ||||||||||||||
/S/ | Financial Officer) | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | February | |||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Robert L. Harris II | ||||||||||||||
/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Christy Haubegger | ||||||||||||||
/S/ MARK D. LINEHAN | Director | February 22, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Mark D. Linehan | ||||||||||||||
/S/ ROBERT M. MORAN, JR. | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Robert M. Moran, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
/S/ | Director | February | ||||||||||||
74
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Our system of internal control is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Our management, including the undersigned Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.2020. In conducting its assessment, management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission on Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2017,2020, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures, or our internal controls will prevent all error and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefit of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2020, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, as stated in their report appearing on page F-2, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.2020.
| /S/ VICTOR J. COLEMAN | ||
| Victor J. Coleman | ||
Chief Executive Officer Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||
| /S/ | ||
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2020, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. as of December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a), and our report dated February 15, 201822, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 15, 201822, 2021
F-2
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||
| Investment in real estate, at cost | $ | 6,423,441 | $ | 5,878,480 | |||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (533,498 | ) | (375,207 | ) | |||
| Investment in real estate, net | 5,889,943 | 5,503,273 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 78,922 | 83,015 | |||||
| Restricted cash | 22,358 | 25,177 | |||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 4,363 | 7,007 | |||||
| Straight-line rent receivables, net | 109,457 | 79,209 | |||||
| Deferred leasing costs and lease intangible assets, net | 244,554 | 288,929 | |||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets, net | 61,138 | 77,214 | |||||
| Assets associated with real estate held for sale | 211,335 | 615,174 | |||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 6,622,070 | $ | 6,678,998 | |||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||
| Notes payable, net | $ | 2,421,380 | $ | 2,473,326 | |||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 163,107 | 114,674 | |||||
| Lease intangible liabilities, net | 49,930 | 73,267 | |||||
| Security deposits and prepaid rent | 64,031 | 66,878 | |||||
| Derivative liabilities | 265 | 1,303 | |||||
| Liabilities associated with real estate held for sale | 2,216 | 236,623 | |||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 2,700,929 | 2,966,071 | |||||
| 6.25% Series A cumulative redeemable preferred units of the operating partnership | 10,177 | 10,177 | |||||
| EQUITY | |||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value, 490,000,000 authorized, 155,602,508 shares and 136,492,235 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively | 1,556 | 1,364 | |||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 3,622,988 | 3,109,394 | |||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 13,227 | 9,496 | |||||
| Accumulated deficit | — | (16,971 | ) | ||||
| Total Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 3,637,771 | 3,103,283 | |||||
| Non-controlling interest—members in consolidated entities | 258,602 | 304,608 | |||||
| Non-controlling interest—units in the operating partnership | 14,591 | 294,859 | |||||
| TOTAL EQUITY | 3,910,964 | 3,702,750 | |||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 6,622,070 | $ | 6,678,998 | |||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 545,453 | $ | 486,956 | $ | 394,543 | |||||
| Tenant recoveries | 92,244 | 84,386 | 66,235 | ||||||||
| Parking and other | 29,413 | 21,894 | 20,940 | ||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 667,110 | 593,236 | 481,718 | ||||||||
| Media & Entertainment | |||||||||||
| Rental | 36,529 | 26,837 | 23,027 | ||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 1,336 | 1,884 | 943 | ||||||||
| Other property-related revenue | 22,805 | 17,380 | 14,849 | ||||||||
| Other | 359 | 302 | 313 | ||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 61,029 | 46,403 | 39,132 | ||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 728,139 | 639,639 | 520,850 | ||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 218,873 | 202,935 | 166,131 | ||||||||
| Media & Entertainment operating expenses | 34,634 | 25,810 | 23,726 | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 54,459 | 52,400 | 38,534 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 283,570 | 269,087 | 245,071 | ||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | 591,536 | 550,232 | 473,462 | ||||||||
| INCOME FROM OPERATIONS | 136,603 | 89,407 | 47,388 | ||||||||
| OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME) | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | 90,037 | 76,044 | 50,667 | ||||||||
| Interest income | (97 | ) | (260 | ) | (124 | ) | |||||
| Unrealized loss on ineffective portion of derivatives | 70 | 1,436 | — | ||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | 598 | 376 | 43,336 | ||||||||
| Other (income) expense | (2,992 | ) | (1,558 | ) | 62 | ||||||
| TOTAL OTHER EXPENSES | 87,616 | 76,038 | 93,941 | ||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE GAINS ON SALE OF REAL ESTATE | 48,987 | 13,369 | (46,553 | ) | |||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | 45,574 | 30,389 | 30,471 | ||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | 94,561 | 43,758 | (16,082 | ) | |||||||
| Net income attributable to preferred stock and units | (636 | ) | (636 | ) | (12,105 | ) | |||||
| Original issuance costs of redeemed Series B preferred stock | — | — | (5,970 | ) | |||||||
| Net income attributable to participating securities | (1,003 | ) | (766 | ) | (356 | ) | |||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated entities | (24,960 | ) | (9,290 | ) | (3,853 | ) | |||||
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest in the operating partnership | (375 | ) | (5,848 | ) | 21,969 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. common stockholders | $ | 67,587 | $ | 27,218 | $ | (16,397 | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted per share amounts: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders—basic | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.26 | $ | (0.19 | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders—diluted | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.25 | $ | (0.19 | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic | 153,488,730 | 106,188,902 | 85,927,216 | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—diluted | 153,882,814 | 110,369,055 | 85,927,216 | ||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 94,561 | $ | 43,758 | $ | (16,082 | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive income: change in fair value of derivatives | 7,398 | 5,942 | 2,597 | ||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | 101,959 | 49,700 | (13,485 | ) | |||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to preferred stock and units | (636 | ) | (636 | ) | (12,105 | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to redemption of Series B preferred stock | — | — | (5,970 | ) | |||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to participating securities | (1,003 | ) | (766 | ) | (356 | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated entities | (24,960 | ) | (9,290 | ) | (3,853 | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest in the operating partnership | (420 | ) | (1,213 | ) | 20,734 | ||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. common stockholders | $ | 74,940 | $ | 37,795 | $ | (15,035 | ) | ||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares of Common Stock | Stock Amount | Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Non-controlling interest—Units in the operating partnership | Non-controlling interest—Members in Consolidated Entities | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2014 | 66,797,816 | $ | 668 | $ | 145,000 | $ | 1,070,833 | $ | (34,884 | ) | $ | (2,443 | ) | $ | 52,851 | $ | 42,990 | $ | 1,275,015 | |||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 217,795 | 217,795 | |||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2,013 | ) | (2,013 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of underwriters’ discount and transaction costs | 12,650,000 | 127 | — | 380,493 | — | — | — | — | 380,620 | |||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of Series B preferred stock | — | — | (145,000 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | (145,000 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common units for acquisition properties | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,814,936 | — | 1,814,936 | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unrestricted stock | 8,820,482 | 87 | — | 285,358 | — | — | — | — | 285,445 | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock | 36,223 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding | (85,469 | ) | — | — | (5,128 | ) | — | — | — | — | (5,128 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Declared dividend | — | — | (11,469 | ) | (50,244 | ) | — | — | (25,631 | ) | — | (87,344 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | — | — | — | 8,832 | — | — | — | — | 8,832 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | 11,469 | — | (10,071 | ) | — | (21,969 | ) | 3,853 | (16,718 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivatives | — | — | — | — | — | 1,362 | 1,235 | — | 2,597 | |||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of common units in the operating partnership for common stock | 934,728 | 9 | — | 20,835 | — | — | (20,844 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2015 | 89,153,780 | 891 | — | 1,710,979 | (44,955 | ) | (1,081 | ) | 1,800,578 | 262,625 | 3,729,037 | |||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 33,996 | 33,996 | |||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1,303 | ) | (1,303 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of underwriters’ discount and transaction costs | 47,010,695 | 470 | — | 1,449,111 | — | — | — | — | 1,449,581 | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unrestricted stock | 590,520 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding | (262,760 | ) | (3 | ) | — | (8,424 | ) | — | — | — | — | (8,427 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Declared dividend | — | — | — | (90,005 | ) | — | — | (27,814 | ) | — | (117,819 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | — | — | — | 13,609 | — | — | 1,045 | — | 14,654 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 27,984 | — | 5,848 | 9,290 | 43,122 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivatives | — | — | — | — | — | 10,577 | (4,635 | ) | — | 5,942 | ||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of common units in the operating partnership | — | — | — | 34,124 | — | — | (1,480,163 | ) | — | (1,446,039 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | 136,492,235 | 1,364 | — | 3,109,394 | (16,971 | ) | 9,496 | 294,859 | 304,608 | 3,702,750 | ||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,870 | 3,870 | |||||||||||||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares of Common Stock | Stock Amount | Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Non-controlling interest—Units in the operating partnership | Non-controlling interest—Members in Consolidated Entities | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (74,836 | ) | (74,836 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of underwriters’ discount and transaction costs | 18,656,575 | 187 | — | 647,195 | — | — | — | — | 647,382 | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unrestricted stock | 917,086 | 9 | — | (9 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding | (463,388 | ) | (4 | ) | — | (16,037 | ) | — | — | — | — | (16,041 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Declared dividend | — | — | — | (106,269 | ) | (51,619 | ) | — | (656 | ) | — | (158,544 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | — | — | — | 13,249 | — | — | 2,666 | — | 15,915 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | 68,590 | — | 375 | 24,960 | 93,925 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivatives | — | — | — | — | — | 7,353 | 45 | — | 7,398 | |||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of common units in the operating partnership | — | — | — | (24,535 | ) | — | (3,622 | ) | (282,698 | ) | — | (310,855 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2017 | 155,602,508 | $ | 1,556 | $ | — | $ | 3,622,988 | $ | — | $ | 13,227 | $ | 14,591 | $ | 258,602 | $ | 3,910,964 | |||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 94,561 | $ | 43,758 | $ | (16,082 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 283,570 | 269,087 | 245,071 | ||||||||
| Non-cash portion of interest expense | 6,032 | 4,464 | 4,746 | ||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | 15,079 | 14,144 | 8,421 | ||||||||
| Straight-line rents | (29,638 | ) | (29,079 | ) | (29,392 | ) | |||||
| Straight-line rent expenses | 433 | 1,023 | 408 | ||||||||
| Amortization of above- and below-market leases, net | (18,062 | ) | (19,734 | ) | (22,073 | ) | |||||
| Amortization of above- and below-market ground lease, net | 2,505 | 2,160 | 1,642 | ||||||||
| Amortization of lease incentive costs | 1,546 | 1,388 | 581 | ||||||||
Other non-cash adjustments(1) | 883 | 707 | (246 | ) | |||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | (45,574 | ) | (30,389 | ) | (30,471 | ) | |||||
| Change in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 1,929 | 15,088 | (5,734 | ) | |||||||
| Deferred leasing costs and lease intangibles | (32,244 | ) | (43,476 | ) | (28,980 | ) | |||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 233 | (7,312 | ) | (17,032 | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 19,447 | (4,426 | ) | 18,342 | |||||||
| Security deposits and prepaid rent | (7,741 | ) | 9,371 | 46,582 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 292,959 | 226,774 | 175,783 | ||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Additions to investment property | (302,447 | ) | (258,718 | ) | (170,590 | ) | |||||
| Property acquisitions | (257,734 | ) | (630,145 | ) | (1,804,597 | ) | |||||
| Contributions to unconsolidated entities | (1,071 | ) | (37,228 | ) | — | ||||||
| Distributions from unconsolidated entities | 15,964 | — | — | ||||||||
| Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable | — | 28,892 | — | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | 212,250 | 372,302 | 177,488 | ||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (333,038 | ) | (524,897 | ) | (1,797,699 | ) | |||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from notes payable | 766,660 | 1,318,000 | 2,234,687 | ||||||||
| Payments of notes payable | (822,526 | ) | (888,607 | ) | (913,694 | ) | |||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 647,382 | 1,449,581 | 380,620 | ||||||||
| Payments for redemption of common units in the operating partnership | (310,855 | ) | (1,446,039 | ) | — | ||||||
| Redemption of Series B preferred stock | — | — | (145,000 | ) | |||||||
| Distributions paid to common stock and unitholders | (158,544 | ) | (117,819 | ) | (75,875 | ) | |||||
| Distributions paid to preferred stock and unitholders | (636 | ) | (636 | ) | (12,071 | ) | |||||
| Contributions from non-controlling member in consolidated entities | 3,870 | 33,996 | 217,795 | ||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling member in consolidated entities | (74,836 | ) | (1,303 | ) | (2,013 | ) | |||||
| Payments to satisfy tax withholding | (16,041 | ) | (8,427 | ) | (5,128 | ) | |||||
| Payments of loan costs | (1,307 | ) | (3,992 | ) | (20,680 | ) | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 33,167 | 334,754 | 1,658,641 | ||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (6,912 | ) | 36,631 | 36,725 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period | 108,192 | 71,561 | 34,836 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period | $ | 101,280 | $ | 108,192 | $ | 71,561 | |||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest | $ | 77,234 | $ | 82,491 | $ | 50,208 | |||||
| NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities for real estate investments | $ | (19,587 | ) | $ | (37,364 | ) | $ | (27,972 | ) | ||
| Reclassification of investment in unconsolidated entities for real estate investments | $ | 7,835 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Relief of debt in conjunction with sale of real estate | $ | (216,000 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
| Proceeds from sale of real estate | $ | 216,000 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with property acquisition | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 87 | |||||
| Additional paid-in capital in connection with property acquisition | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 285,358 | |||||
| Non-controlling common units in the operating partnership in connection with property acquisition | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,814,936 | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) and our report dated February 22, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
| Impairment of investment in real estate | |||||
| Description of the Matter | The Company’s net investment in real estate totaled $7.1 billion as of December 31, 2020. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company assesses for impairment on a real estate asset by real estate asset basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a real estate asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized on real estate assets held for investment when indicators of impairment are present and the future undiscounted cash flows for a real estate asset are less than its carrying amount, at which time the real estate asset is written down to its estimated fair value. There were no impairment charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020. | ||||
| Auditing the Company's impairment assessment for real estate assets is challenging because of the subjective auditor judgment necessary in evaluating management’s identification of indicators of potential impairment and the related assessment of the severity of such indicators, either individually or in combination, in determining whether a triggering event has occurred that requires the Company to evaluate the recoverability of the real estate asset. | |||||
F-3
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s real estate asset impairment assessment process. For example, we tested controls over management’s process for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators. | ||||
Our testing of the Company’s impairment assessment included, among other procedures, evaluating significant judgments applied in determining whether indicators of impairment were present at any given real estate asset by obtaining evidence to corroborate such judgments and searching for evidence contrary to such judgments. For example, we searched for any tenants or groups of tenants with significant allowances for doubtful accounts or upcoming lease expirations that occupy a substantial portion of a real estate asset.We also searched for any significant declines in operating results of a real estate asset due to occupancy changes, tenant bankruptcies, environmental issues, physical damage, change in intended use or adverse changes in legal factors. | |||||
| Purchase price accounting | |||||
| Description of the Matter | During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of one real estate property through a consolidated joint venture for a total purchase price of $593.9 million, which was accounted for as an asset acquisition. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the purchase price, including capitalized acquisition-related costs, was allocated based on the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As part of the purchase price allocation, the Company estimated market rental rates and market rent growth rates that reflect the risks associated with the leases acquired. The estimated market rental rates and market rent growth rates are utilized as inputs in estimating the fair value of “above- and below-” market leases using the income approach. Amortization of “above- and below-” market lease intangible assets and liabilities are recorded in rental revenue over the related lease term. | ||||
| Auditing the Company’s purchase price allocation was complex due to the significant estimation required by management in determining the fair value assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In particular, significant estimation was used in management’s selection of market rental rates and market rent growth rates due to the judgmental nature of the inputs as well as the sensitivity of the related lease intangible assets and liabilities to the underlying assumptions. | |||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over management’s purchase price accounting, including controls over the Company’s review of the assumptions underlying the purchase price allocation, the cash flow projections, and the accuracy of the underlying data used. | ||||
| Our testing of the Company’s purchase price allocation included, among other procedures, assessing the valuation methods and significant assumptions used by management in developing the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. For example, we involved our valuation specialists in evaluating the appropriateness of management’s selected estimated market rental rates and market rent growth rates by comparing the selected assumptions to data from independently identified external market data sources. We also evaluated the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting management’s purchase price allocation, tested the incorporation of the significant assumptions in the purchase price allocation, and recalculated the model’s results for clerical accuracy. | |||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2009.
Los Angeles, California
February 22, 2021
F-4
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
| December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Investment in real estate, at cost | $ | 8,215,017 | $ | 7,269,128 | |||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,102,748) | (898,279) | |||||||||
| Investment in real estate, net | 7,112,269 | 6,370,849 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 113,686 | 46,224 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 35,854 | 12,034 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 22,105 | 13,007 | |||||||||
| Straight-line rent receivables, net | 225,685 | 195,328 | |||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs and lease intangible assets, net | 285,836 | 285,448 | |||||||||
| U.S. Government securities | 135,115 | 140,749 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | 264,880 | 269,029 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets, net | 72,667 | 68,974 | |||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated real estate entities | 82,105 | 64,926 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 8,350,202 | $ | 7,466,568 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Unsecured and secured debt, net | $ | 3,399,492 | $ | 2,817,910 | |||||||
| In-substance defeased debt | 131,707 | 135,030 | |||||||||
| Joint venture partner debt | 66,136 | 66,136 | |||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | 235,860 | 212,673 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability | 270,014 | 272,701 | |||||||||
| Lease intangible liabilities, net | 49,144 | 31,493 | |||||||||
| Security deposits and prepaid rent | 92,180 | 86,188 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,244,533 | 3,622,131 | |||||||||
| Redeemable preferred units of the operating partnership | 9,815 | 9,815 | |||||||||
| Redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | 127,874 | 125,260 | |||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value, 490,000,000 authorized, 151,401,365 and 154,691,052 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively | 1,514 | 1,546 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 3,469,758 | 3,415,808 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (8,133) | (561) | |||||||||
| Total Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 3,463,139 | 3,416,793 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interest—members in consolidated real estate entities | 467,009 | 269,487 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interest—units in the operating partnership | 37,832 | 23,082 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 3,967,980 | 3,709,362 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 8,350,202 | $ | 7,466,568 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share data)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 721,286 | $ | 708,564 | $ | 533,184 | |||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 0 | 0 | 92,760 | ||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | 14,633 | 25,171 | 26,573 | ||||||||||||||
| Total office revenues | 735,919 | 733,735 | 652,517 | ||||||||||||||
| Studio | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 48,756 | 51,340 | 44,734 | ||||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 0 | 0 | 2,013 | ||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | 20,290 | 33,107 | 29,154 | ||||||||||||||
| Total studio revenues | 69,046 | 84,447 | 75,901 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 804,965 | 818,182 | 728,418 | ||||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 262,199 | 256,209 | 226,820 | ||||||||||||||
| Studio operating expenses | 37,580 | 45,313 | 40,890 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 77,882 | 71,947 | 61,027 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 299,682 | 282,088 | 251,003 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 677,343 | 655,557 | 579,740 | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from unconsolidated real estate entities | 736 | (747) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Fee income | 2,815 | 1,459 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (116,477) | (105,845) | (83,167) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 4,089 | 4,044 | 1,718 | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | (440) | (667) | (535) | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (loss) gain on non-real estate investments | (2,463) | 0 | 928 | ||||||||||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | 0 | 47,100 | 43,337 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss | 0 | (52,201) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 548 | 78 | 822 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other expense | (111,192) | (106,779) | (36,897) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 16,430 | 55,846 | 111,781 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to preferred units | (612) | (612) | (618) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to participating securities | (1,041) | (692) | (663) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | (18,955) | (13,352) | (11,883) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | 4,571 | 1,994 | (169) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in the operating partnership | (10) | (459) | (358) | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | 383 | $ | 42,725 | 98,090 | ||||||||||||
| BASIC AND DILUTED PER SHARE AMOUNTS | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders—basic | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.63 | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders—diluted | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.63 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic | 153,126,027 | 154,404,427 | 155,445,247 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—diluted | 153,169,025 | 156,602,408 | 155,696,486 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(in thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 16,430 | $ | 55,846 | $ | 111,781 | |||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | 1,394 | 1,845 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Net unrealized (losses) gains on derivative instruments: | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains | (14,471) | (14,533) | 7,357 | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) | 5,444 | (5,490) | (3,299) | ||||||||||||||
| Total net unrealized (losses) gains on derivative instruments: | (9,027) | (20,023) | 4,058 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (7,633) | (18,178) | 4,058 | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 8,797 | 37,668 | 115,839 | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to preferred units | (612) | (612) | (618) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to participating securities | (1,041) | (692) | (660) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | (18,955) | (13,352) | (11,883) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | 4,571 | 1,994 | (169) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interest in the operating partnership | 51 | (343) | (372) | ||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | (7,189) | $ | 24,663 | $ | 102,137 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
| Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Non-controlling Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares of Common Stock | Stock Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | (Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Units in the Operating Partnership | Members in Consolidated Real Estate Entities | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2017 | 155,602,508 | $ | 1,556 | $ | 3,622,988 | $ | 0 | $ | 13,227 | $ | 14,591 | $ | 258,602 | $ | 3,910,964 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative adjustment related to adoption of ASU 2017-12 | — | — | — | (231) | 230 | 1 | — | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,486 | 2,486 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | (4,725) | (4,725) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unrestricted stock | 571,481 | 5 | (5) | — | — | — | — | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations | (163,191) | (2) | (4,751) | — | — | — | — | (4,753) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (1,639,260) | (16) | (50,000) | — | — | — | — | (50,016) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Declared dividend | — | — | (57,769) | (98,522) | — | (712) | — | (157,003) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | — | — | 14,039 | — | — | 4,086 | — | 18,125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 98,753 | — | 358 | 11,883 | 110,994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 4,044 | 14 | — | 4,058 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2018 | 154,371,538 | 1,543 | 3,524,502 | 0 | 17,501 | 18,338 | 268,246 | 3,830,130 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative adjustment related to adoption of ASC 842 | — | — | — | (2,105) | — | — | — | (2,105) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | (12,111) | (12,111) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unrestricted stock | 554,237 | 5 | (5) | — | — | — | — | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations | (234,723) | (2) | (7,682) | — | — | — | — | (7,684) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Declared dividend | — | — | (114,283) | (41,312) | — | (2,230) | — | (157,825) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | — | — | 13,276 | — | — | 7,156 | — | 20,432 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 43,417 | — | 459 | 13,352 | 57,228 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (18,062) | (116) | — | (18,178) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of common units in the operating partnership | — | — | — | — | — | (525) | — | (525) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2019 | 154,691,052 | 1,546 | 3,415,808 | 0 | (561) | 23,082 | 269,487 | 3,709,362 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | 138,124 | 138,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of non-controlling interest | — | — | 300,104 | — | — | — | 67,038 | 367,142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | (26,595) | (26,595) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs | — | — | (16,047) | — | — | — | — | (16,047) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of unrestricted stock | 420,970 | 5 | (5) | — | — | — | — | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations | (225,314) | (2) | (7,580) | — | — | — | — | (7,582) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (3,485,343) | (35) | (80,178) | — | — | — | — | (80,213) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Declared dividend | 0 | (151,772) | (1,424) | — | (1,800) | — | (154,996) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | — | — | 9,428 | — | — | 16,601 | — | 26,029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 1,424 | — | 10 | 18,955 | 20,389 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (7,572) | (61) | — | (7,633) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | 151,401,365 | $ | 1,514 | $ | 3,469,758 | $ | 0 | $ | (8,133) | $ | 37,832 | $ | 467,009 | $ | 3,967,980 | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 16,430 | $ | 55,846 | $ | 111,781 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 299,682 | 282,088 | 251,003 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash portion of interest expense | 9,539 | 6,258 | 5,965 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | 22,723 | 19,481 | 17,028 | ||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from unconsolidated real estate entities | (736) | 747 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss (gain) on non-real estate investment | 2,463 | 0 | (928) | ||||||||||||||
| Straight-line rents | (30,357) | (52,959) | (36,202) | ||||||||||||||
| Straight-line rent expenses | 1,462 | 1,463 | 711 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of above- and below-market leases, net | (9,635) | (12,836) | (17,593) | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of above- and below-market ground lease, net | 2,352 | 2,460 | 2,422 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of lease incentive costs | 1,915 | 1,771 | 1,464 | ||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash adjustments | 0 | 0 | 1,297 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss | 0 | 52,201 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | 0 | (47,100) | (43,337) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (9,098) | 699 | (10,854) | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs and lease intangibles | (13,276) | (46,645) | (55,286) | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (9,117) | (11,165) | (2,978) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | 11,693 | 18,202 | (13,184) | ||||||||||||||
| Security deposits and prepaid rent | 5,992 | 17,500 | 3,317 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 302,032 | 288,011 | 214,626 | ||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Additions to investment property | (402,283) | (385,751) | (351,277) | ||||||||||||||
| Property acquisitions | (593,945) | 0 | (362,687) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of U.S. Government securities | 0 | 0 | (149,176) | ||||||||||||||
| Maturities of U.S. Government securities | 5,656 | 6,226 | 2,229 | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | 0 | 147,824 | 454,542 | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions to non-real estate investments | (3,404) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions from non-real estate investments | 1,238 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of non-real estate investment | 1,042 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions from unconsolidated real estate entities | 1,608 | 290 | 14,036 | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions to unconsolidated real estate entities | (16,756) | (64,498) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Deposits for property acquisitions | 0 | (20,500) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (1,006,844) | (316,409) | (392,333) | ||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from unsecured and secured debt | 1,736,914 | 1,215,647 | 650,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of unsecured and secured debt | (1,150,097) | (1,010,569) | (449,711) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of in-substance defeased debt | (3,323) | (3,193) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from joint venture partner debt | 0 | 0 | 66,136 | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs | (16,047) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (80,213) | 0 | (50,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of operating partnership units | 0 | (525) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Redemption of series A preferred units | 0 | 0 | (362) | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid to common stock and unitholders | (154,996) | (157,825) | (157,003) | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid to preferred unitholders | (612) | (612) | (618) | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions from redeemable non-controlling members in consolidated real estate entities | 7,201 | 14,128 | 100,223 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions to redeemable non-controlling members in consolidated real estate entities | (16) | (15) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions from non-controlling members in consolidated real estate entities | 138,124 | 0 | 2,486 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling members in consolidated real estate entities | (26,595) | (12,111) | (4,725) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of non-controlling interest | 367,500 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments to satisfy tax withholding obligations | (7,582) | (7,684) | (4,769) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of loan costs | (14,164) | (18,776) | (7,039) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 796,094 | 18,465 | 144,618 | ||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 91,282 | (9,933) | (33,089) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period | 58,258 | 68,191 | 101,280 | ||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH—END OF PERIOD | $ | 149,540 | $ | 58,258 | $ | 68,191 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Partners of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.
Opinion of the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), as of December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, (loss), capital, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Operating Partnership at December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Operating Partnership’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Operating Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Operating Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Operating Partnership is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
| Impairment of investment in real estate | |||||
| Description of the Matter | The Operating Partnership’s net investment in real estate totaled $7.1 billion as of December 31, 2020. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Operating Partnership assesses for impairment on a real estate asset by real estate asset basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a real estate asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized on real estate assets held for investment when indicators of impairment are present and the future undiscounted cash flows for a real estate asset are less than its carrying amount, at which time the real estate asset is written down to its estimated fair value. There were no impairment charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020. | ||||
F-10
| Auditing the Operating Partnership’s impairment assessment for real estate assets is challenging because of the subjective auditor judgment necessary in evaluating management’s identification of indicators of potential impairment and the related assessment of the severity of such indicators, either individually or in combination, in determining whether a triggering event has occurred that requires the Operating Partnership to evaluate the recoverability of the real estate asset. | |||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Operating Partnership’s real estate asset impairment assessment process. For example, we tested controls over management’s process for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators. | ||||
Our testing of the Operating Partnership’s impairment assessment included, among other procedures, evaluating significant judgments applied in determining whether indicators of impairment were present at any given real estate asset by obtaining evidence to corroborate such judgments and searching for evidence contrary to such judgments. For example, we searched for any tenants or groups of tenants with significant allowances for doubtful accounts or upcoming lease expirations that occupy a substantial portion of a real estate asset.We also searched for any significant declines in operating results of a real estate asset due to occupancy changes, tenant bankruptcies, environmental issues, physical damage, change in intended use or adverse changes in legal factors. | |||||
| Purchase price accounting | |||||
| Description of the Matter | During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership completed the acquisition of one real estate property through a consolidated joint venture for a total purchase price of $593.9 million, which was accounted for as an asset acquisition. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the purchase price, including capitalized acquisition-related costs, was allocated based on the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As part of the purchase price allocation, the Operating Partnership estimated market rental rates and market rent growth rates that reflect the risks associated with the leases acquired. The estimated market rental rates and market rent growth rates are utilized as inputs in estimating the fair value of “above- and below-” market leases using the income approach. Amortization of “above- and below-” market lease intangible assets and liabilities are recorded in rental revenue over the related lease term. | ||||
| Auditing the Operating Partnership’s purchase price allocation was complex due to the significant estimation required by management in determining the fair value assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In particular, significant estimation was used in management’s selection of market rental rates and market rent growth rates due to the judgmental nature of the inputs as well as the sensitivity of the related lease intangible assets and liabilities to the underlying assumptions. | |||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s controls over management’s purchase price accounting, including controls over the Operating Partnership’s review of the assumptions underlying the purchase price allocation, the cash flow projections, and the accuracy of the underlying data used. | ||||
| Our testing of the Operating Partnership’s purchase price allocation included, among other procedures, assessing the valuation methods and significant assumptions used by management in developing the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. For example, we involved our valuation specialists in evaluating the appropriateness of management’s selected estimated market rental rates and market rent growth rates by comparing the selected assumptions to data from independently identified external market data sources. We also evaluated the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting management’s purchase price allocation, tested the incorporation of the significant assumptions in the purchase price allocation, and recalculated the model’s results for clerical accuracy. | |||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Operating Partnership’s auditor since 2015.
Los Angeles, California
February 15, 201822, 2021
F-11
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, L.P.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
| December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Investment in real estate, at cost | $ | 8,215,017 | $ | 7,269,128 | |||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,102,748) | (898,279) | |||||||||
| Investment in real estate, net | 7,112,269 | 6,370,849 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 113,686 | 46,224 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 35,854 | 12,034 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 22,105 | 13,007 | |||||||||
| Straight-line rent receivables, net | 225,685 | 195,328 | |||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs and lease intangible assets, net | 285,836 | 285,448 | |||||||||
| U.S. Government securities | 135,115 | 140,749 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | 264,880 | 269,029 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets, net | 72,667 | 68,974 | |||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated real estate entities | 82,105 | 64,926 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 8,350,202 | $ | 7,466,568 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL | |||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Unsecured and secured debt, net | $ | 3,399,492 | $ | 2,817,910 | |||||||
| In-substance defeased debt | 131,707 | 135,030 | |||||||||
| Joint venture partner debt | 66,136 | 66,136 | |||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | 235,860 | 212,673 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability | 270,014 | 272,701 | |||||||||
| Lease intangible liabilities, net | 49,144 | 31,493 | |||||||||
| Security deposits and prepaid rent | 92,180 | 86,188 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,244,533 | 3,622,131 | |||||||||
| Redeemable preferred units of the operating partnership | 9,815 | 9,815 | |||||||||
| Redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | 127,874 | 125,260 | |||||||||
| Capital | |||||||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. partners’ capital: | |||||||||||
| Common units, 152,722,448 and 155,602,910 outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. | 3,509,217 | 3,440,488 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (8,246) | (613) | |||||||||
| Total Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. partners’ capital | 3,500,971 | 3,439,875 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interest—members in consolidated real estate entities | 467,009 | 269,487 | |||||||||
| Total capital | 3,967,980 | 3,709,362 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL | $ | 8,350,202 | $ | 7,466,568 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-12
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||
| Investment in real estate, at cost | $ | 6,423,441 | $ | 5,878,480 | |||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (533,498 | ) | (375,207 | ) | |||
| Investment in real estate, net | 5,889,943 | 5,503,273 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 78,922 | 83,015 | |||||
| Restricted cash | 22,358 | 25,177 | |||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 4,363 | 7,007 | |||||
| Straight-line rent receivables, net | 109,457 | 79,209 | |||||
| Deferred leasing costs and lease intangible assets, net | 244,554 | 288,929 | |||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets, net | 61,138 | 77,214 | |||||
| Assets associated with real estate held for sale | 211,335 | 615,174 | |||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 6,622,070 | $ | 6,678,998 | |||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||
| Notes payable, net | $ | 2,421,380 | $ | 2,473,326 | |||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 163,107 | 114,674 | |||||
| Lease intangible liabilities, net | 49,930 | 73,267 | |||||
| Security deposits and prepaid rent | 64,031 | 66,878 | |||||
| Derivative liabilities | 265 | 1,303 | |||||
| Liabilities associated with real estate held for sale | 2,216 | 236,623 | |||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 2,700,929 | 2,966,071 | |||||
| 6.25% Series A cumulative redeemable preferred units of the operating partnership | 10,177 | 10,177 | |||||
| CAPITAL | |||||||
| Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. partners’ capital: | |||||||
| Common units, 156,171,553 and 145,942,855 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. | 3,639,086 | 3,392,264 | |||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 13,276 | 5,878 | |||||
| Total Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. partners' capital | 3,652,362 | 3,398,142 | |||||
| Non-controlling interest—members in consolidated entities | 258,602 | 304,608 | |||||
| TOTAL CAPITAL | $ | 3,910,964 | $ | 3,702,750 | |||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL | $ | 6,622,070 | $ | 6,678,998 | |||
HUDSON PACIFIC PROPERTIES, L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except unitshare data)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 721,286 | $ | 708,564 | $ | 533,184 | |||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 0 | 0 | 92,760 | ||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | 14,633 | 25,171 | 26,573 | ||||||||||||||
| Total office revenues | 735,919 | 733,735 | 652,517 | ||||||||||||||
| Studio | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental | 48,756 | 51,340 | 44,734 | ||||||||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 0 | 0 | 2,013 | ||||||||||||||
| Service and other revenues | 20,290 | 33,107 | 29,154 | ||||||||||||||
| Total studio revenues | 69,046 | 84,447 | 75,901 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 804,965 | 818,182 | 728,418 | ||||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 262,199 | 256,209 | 226,820 | ||||||||||||||
| Studio operating expenses | 37,580 | 45,313 | 40,890 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 77,882 | 71,947 | 61,027 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 299,682 | 282,088 | 251,003 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 677,343 | 655,557 | 579,740 | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from unconsolidated real estate entities | 736 | (747) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Fee income | 2,815 | 1,459 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (116,477) | (105,845) | (83,167) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 4,089 | 4,044 | 1,718 | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | (440) | (667) | (535) | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (loss) gain on non-real estate investments | (2,463) | 0 | 928 | ||||||||||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | 0 | 47,100 | 43,337 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss | 0 | (52,201) | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 548 | 78 | 822 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other expense | (111,192) | (106,779) | (36,897) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 16,430 | 55,846 | 111,781 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | (18,955) | (13,352) | (11,883) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate entities | 4,571 | 1,994 | (169) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. | 2,046 | 44,488 | 99,729 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to preferred units | (612) | (612) | (618) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to participating securities | (1,041) | (922) | (663) | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON UNITHOLDERS | $ | 393 | $ | 42,954 | $ | 98,448 | |||||||||||
| BASIC AND DILUTED PER UNIT AMOUNTS | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common unitholders—basic | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.63 | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common unitholders—diluted | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.63 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common units outstanding—basic | 154,040,775 | 155,094,997 | 156,014,292 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common units outstanding—diluted | 154,083,773 | 156,112,602 | 156,265,531 | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| REVENUES | |||||||||||
| Office | |||||||||||
| Rental | $ | 545,453 | $ | 486,956 | $ | 394,543 | |||||
| Tenant recoveries | 92,244 | 84,386 | 66,235 | ||||||||
| Parking and other | 29,413 | 21,894 | 20,940 | ||||||||
| Total Office revenues | 667,110 | 593,236 | 481,718 | ||||||||
| Media & Entertainment | |||||||||||
| Rental | 36,529 | 26,837 | 23,027 | ||||||||
| Tenant recoveries | 1,336 | 1,884 | 943 | ||||||||
| Other property-related revenue | 22,805 | 17,380 | 14,849 | ||||||||
| Other | 359 | 302 | 313 | ||||||||
| Total Media & Entertainment revenues | 61,029 | 46,403 | 39,132 | ||||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 728,139 | 639,639 | 520,850 | ||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||
| Office operating expenses | 218,873 | 202,935 | 166,131 | ||||||||
| Media & Entertainment operating expenses | 34,634 | 25,810 | 23,726 | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 54,459 | 52,400 | 38,534 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 283,570 | 269,087 | 245,071 | ||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | 591,536 | 550,232 | 473,462 | ||||||||
| INCOME FROM OPERATIONS | 136,603 | 89,407 | 47,388 | ||||||||
| OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME) | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | 90,037 | 76,044 | 50,667 | ||||||||
| Interest income | (97 | ) | (260 | ) | (124 | ) | |||||
| Unrealized loss on ineffective portion of derivatives | 70 | 1,436 | — | ||||||||
| Transaction-related expenses | 598 | 376 | 43,336 | ||||||||
| Other (income) expense | (2,992 | ) | (1,558 | ) | 62 | ||||||
| TOTAL OTHER EXPENSES | 87,616 | 76,038 | 93,941 | ||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE GAINS ON SALE OF REAL ESTATE | 48,987 | 13,369 | (46,553 | ) | |||||||
| Gains on sale of real estate | 45,574 | 30,389 | 30,471 | ||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | 94,561 | 43,758 | (16,082 | ) | |||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in consolidated entities | (24,960 | ) | (9,290 | ) | (3,853 | ) | |||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. | 69,601 | 34,468 | (19,935 | ) | |||||||
| Net income attributable to preferred stock and units | (636 | ) | (636 | ) | (12,105 | ) | |||||
| Original issuance costs of redeemed Series B preferred stock | — | — | (5,970 | ) | |||||||
| Total preferred distributions | (636 | ) | (636 | ) | (18,075 | ) | |||||
| Net income attributable to participating securities | (1,003 | ) | (766 | ) | (356 | ) | |||||
| Net income (loss) available to common unitholders | $ | 67,962 | $ | 33,066 | $ | (38,366 | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted per unit amounts: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders—basic | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.23 | $ | (0.30 | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders—diluted | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.23 | $ | (0.30 | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares of common units outstanding—basic | 154,276,773 | 145,595,246 | 128,948,077 | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common units outstanding—diluted | 154,670,857 | 146,739,246 | 128,948,077 | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-13