UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X]☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year endedDecember 31 2017, 2022

[  ]☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to ______________

Commission file number: 001-38420

VIRTRA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(480)968-1488

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.0001 Par ValueNone

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ] ☐ No [X] ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] ☐ No [X] ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [  ] ☒ No [X]☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). files. Yes [X] ☒ No [  ]☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large, accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large, accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange)Act). Yes [  ] ☐ No [X] ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 20172022, was approximately $28,441,227.$49,979,961.

As of March 30, 2018,2023, the registrant had 7,904,30710,924,724 outstanding shares of common stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

This reportThe information in this discussion contains or incorporates by reference certain forward-looking statements thatand information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiablethe “safe harbor” created by use of forward-looking terminology such asthose sections. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “predicts,” “potential,” “intend,“continue,” “expect,” “outlook,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,”“would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or other similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations describe future plans and strategies, contain financial and operating projections or state other forward-looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future events, actions, plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflecteddisclosed in our forward-looking statements are basedand you should not place undue reliance on reasonable assumptions, our actualforward-looking statements. Actual results and performanceor events could differ materially from those set forth or anticipatedthe plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in ourthe forward-looking statements that we make. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on ourAll forward-looking statements and upon our business, results of operations, financial condition, funds derived from operations, cash available for dividends, cash flows, liquidity and prospects include, but are not limited to, the factors referenced in this report, including those set forth below.

When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this Annual Report. ReadersReport on Form 10-K are cautioned not to place undue reliancemade based on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our views as of the date of this Annual Report. The matters summarized belowcurrent expectations, forecasts, estimates and elsewhere in this Annual Reportassumptions, and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results and performanceor events to differ materially from those set forth or anticipatedexpressed in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, we cannot guaranteeIn evaluating these statements, you should specifically consider various factors, uncertainties and risks that could affect our future results or performance. Furthermore, except as required by law, we are under no dutyoperations. These factors, uncertainties and risks may cause our actual results to and we do not intend to, updatediffer materially from any of our forward-looking statements after the date ofstatement set forth in this Annual Report whether as a result of newon Form 10-K. You should carefully consider these risk and uncertainties described and other information future eventscontained in the reports we file with or otherwise.furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) before making any investment decision with respect to our securities. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or people acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Our Corporate History

We are a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Nevada. The original business started in 1993 as Ferris Productions, Inc. In September 2001, Ferris Productions, Inc. merged with GameCom, Inc. to ultimately become VirTra Systems, Inc., a Texas corporation.

Effective as of October 1, 2016, (the “Effective Date”), we completed a conversion from a Texas corporation to a Nevada corporation pursuant to a Redomestication Plan of Conversion (the “Plan of Conversion”) that was approved by our Board of Directors on June 23, 2016, and by our shareholdersstockholders on September 16, 2016. On the Effective Date, 7,927,774  shares of common stock of VirTra Systems, Inc., a Texas corporation, were converted into 7,927,774 shares of common stock of VirTra, Inc., a Nevada corporation. No shareholders exercised appraisal rights or dissenters’ rights for such shares in accordance with the Texas Business Organization Code.

As part of the Plan of Conversion, we filed Articles of Incorporation in Nevada whereby we changed our name from VirTra Systems, Inc. to VirTra, Inc. and revised our capitalization. Our Articles of Incorporation filed in Nevada authorize us to issue 62,500,000 shares, of which (1) 60,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock,common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of which (a) 50,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock, par value $0.0001, (b) 2,500,000 shares shall be Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), and (c) 7,500,000 shares shall be Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”) and (2) 2,500,000 shares shall be Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which may, at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors, be issued in one or more series (the “Preferred Stock”). We also adopted new bylaws as part of the Plan of Conversion.

Effective October 20, 2016,March 2, 2018, we effected a 1 for 101-for-2 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding Common Stock and effective February 12, 2018 we effected a 1 for 2 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding Common Stock (together the(the “Reverse Stock Splits”Split”). All references to shares of our Common Stock in this reportAnnual Report on Form 10-K refer to the number of shares of Common Stock after giving effect to the Reverse Stock SplitsSplit and are presented as if the Reverse Stock SplitsSplit had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented.

Pursuant to an Offering Circular on Form 1-A, as amended, pursuant to Regulation A, we offered on a “best efforts” basis a minimum of 714,286 shares of common stock

Business Overview

VirTra, Inc. (the “Company,” “VirTra,” “we,” “us” and a maximum of 1,428,571 shares of common stock (the “Offered Shares”“our”), par valuelocated in Chandler, Arizona, is a global provider of $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a price per share of Common Stock of $7.00. The minimum offering amount (“Minimum Offering Amount”) was $5,000,000 and the maximum offering amount (“Maximum Offering Amount”) was $10,000,000. We terminated the offering on March 29, 2018. No shares were sold pursuant to the offering.

On March 29, 2018, our shares of Common Stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol, “VTSI.” 

Business Overview

We develop, sell and supportjudgmental use of force training simulators and marksmanship firearms training systems and accessoriessimulators for the law enforcement, military, educational or civilian use. Our simulators useand commercial markets. The Company’s patented technologies, software, hardware and content to create uniquely effectivescenarios provide intense training for de-escalation, judgmental use-of-force, marksmanship and realisticrelated training that does not require live ammunition or less-than-lethal munitions, which can bothmimics real-world situations. VirTra’s mission is to save money and provide certain training capabilities unavailable to live fire exercises. We have developed a higher standard in simulation training including capabilities such as: multi-screen video based scenarios, unique scenario authoring ability, superior training scenarios, the patented Threat-Fire™ shoot-back system, powerful gas-powered simulated recoil weapons,improve lives worldwide through highly effective virtual reality and more.simulator technology.

The VirTra firearms training simulator allows marksmanship and realistic scenario basedscenario-based training to take place on a daily basis without the need for a shooting range, protective equipment, role players, safety officers, or a scenario basedscenario-based training site. We have developed a higher standard in simulation training including capabilities such as: multi-screen, video-based scenarios, unique scenario authoring ability, superior training scenarios, the patented Threat-Fire™ shoot-back system, powerful gas-powered simulated recoil weapons, and more. The simulator also allows students to receive immediate feedback from the instructor without the potential for sustaining injuries by the instructor or the students. The instructor is able to teach and re-mediate critical issues, while placing realistic stress on the students due to the realism and safe training environment created by the VirTra simulator.

We also are engaged in licensing our technology to Modern Round Entertainment Corporation (“MREC”), a developer and operator of a combined dining and entertainment concept centered on an indoor shooting experience (the “MREC Concept”).

Business Strategy

We have fourtwo main customer groups, namely, law enforcement, military, educational (includes colleges and police academies) and civilian.military. These are very different markets and require different sales and marketing programs as well as personnel. Our focus is to expand the market share and scope of our training simulators sales to these identified customer groups by pursuing the following key growth strategies:

Product Offerings

Our simulator products include the following:

Modern Round

On the civilian side, we have a Co-venture agreement with Modern Round, Inc. (formerly, Modern Round, LLC) (“Modern Round”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Modern Round Entertainment Corporation (“MREC”), a developer and operator of a combined dining and entertainment concept centered on an indoor shooting experience. MREC plans to roll out its entertainment concept nationally and currently operates one virtual shooting lounge facility in Peoria, Arizona. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted Modern Round an exclusive, non-transferable royalty-bearing right and license to use our software in virtual shooting lounge facilities provided that certain minimums are met every year.

Operations and Suppliers

We produce some of our own products. We also rely on a variety of suppliers. Management does not expect tois uncertain whether we might encounter future delays with suppliers that would have a material impact on us. However, supplier delays would adversely affect us.

Competition and Competitive Landscape

We compete against a number of established companies that provide similar products and services, some of which have financial, technical, marketing, sales, manufacturing, distribution and other resources significantly greater than ours. There are also companies whose products do not compete directly but are sometimes closely related to the products we offer. Arotech, Inc., Cubic, Inc.,Axon, Laser Shot, Inc., Meggitt Training Systems,InVeris, MILO, and Ti Training Corp are our main competitors in some or all of our markets.

We believe that our products and services are superior to those offered by our competitors based on our association with industry experts, the strength in developing higher quality software solutionsa more effective training solution ecosystem, our patented products and our extensive library of virtual shooting scenariotraining content that would require time and a substantial investment by a competitor to offer a comparable product.

Modern Round Co-Venture Agreement

On January 16, 2015 we entered intoVirTra buys and tests new headsets on a Co-Venture Agreement (the “Co-Venture Agreement”) with Modern Round. We agreedregular basis and has made some software and content preparations to develop interactive games, skills drills, and advanced training simulation content for Modern Round pursuantadd a headset-based product to the terms of the Co-Venture Agreement, the costs of which were born by Modern Round. We also licensed our software, virtual shooting contentofferings. VirTra recoil kits, return fire devices and other intellectual property (the “VirTra Technology”) to Modern Round for a portion of its total revenue. We continue to own virtual shooting scenario content that is used in conjunction with the Modern Round platform, whether such content is created by a third-party developer or by Modern Round’s in-house development team. When a virtual shooting scenario content is used in conjunction with the Modern Round’s platform, however, Modern Round has an exclusive, worldwide license to use such content, whether created by a third-party developer or by Modern Round’s in-house development team subject to certain milestones discussed below.

The Co-Venture Agreement provided for (i) the grant to us of 1,365,789 membership units of Modern Round (“Units”), (ii) a right to participate to the extent of five percent of any offering by Modern Round of its Units, (iii) warrants to purchase 1,365,789 Units exercisable 12 months after the opening of Modern Round’s first range facility utilizing the VirTra technology pursuant to the Co-Venture Agreement at a price of $0.25 per share and (iv) Modern Round’s payment of a royalty to us equal to 7% of its gross revenues for each location that uses the VirTra Technology with minimum royalty payments of $280,000, $560,000, and $840,000 (thereafter) for each 12-month period following the opening of the first location in the United States or Canada based on sales in these territories and separate minimum royalty payments, following the opening of the first location outside of the United States and Canada, each based on sales in each of the respective territories.

In addition, on April 14, 2015 Modern Round issued to us an option to purchase 125,000 of its Units. The option fully vested and became exercisable on the date of grant at an exercise price equal to $0.50 per Unit. The April 14, 2015 option terminates on the tenth anniversary of the date of grant, if not earlier pursuant to the terms of the option.

Modern Round’s exclusive license is conditional upon achieving certain milestones. They are required to open a location in the United States or Canada within 24 months, and are required to open an international location within five years of the execution of the Co-Venture Agreement. Additionally, they must meet the minimum royalty payments noted when they become effective. They achieved the United States or Canada milestone with the opening of their Peoria, Arizona location in June 2016. The term of the Co-Venture Agreement continues so long as Modern Round exercises any rights under the agreement with respect to the VirTra Technology. The Co-Venture Agreement may be terminated at any time by either party if the breaching party fails to cure any material breach within 30 days after written notice from the non-breaching party. If we are the breaching party, Modern Round may elect to retain the right to use the VirTra Technology and continue to pay royalties to us as provided for in the Co-Venture Agreement.

In addition to our other obligations under the Co-Venture Agreement, we issued to affiliates of MREC warrants to purchase 459,691 shares of our Common Stock exercisable at $2.72 per share any time subsequent to the earlier of the first anniversary of the opening of Modern Round’s first range facility utilizing the VirTra Technology or after MREC opens its first range facility utilizing VirTra Technology and the payment of all required minimum royalty payments during the first 12-month period. These warrants became exercisable on June 1, 2017. Weaccessories would likely also granted warrants to affiliates of MREC to purchase 459,691 shares of our Common Stock exercisable at $2.72 per share any time subsequent to Modern Round’s payment to us of $2,000,000 in royalty fees. These warrants are not yet exercisable.

On December 31, 2015, Modern Round mergedwork with a subsidiary of MREC pursuant to a Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) and each unit of Modern Round issued and outstanding as of the effective time of the merger automatically converted into the right to receive approximately 1.2277 shares of MREC common stock. As a result of the Merger Agreement, we held 1,676,748 shares of MREC, options to purchase 153,459 shares of MREC common stock at an exercise price of $0.41 per share, and conditional warrants to purchase 1,676,747 shares of MREC common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share. On October 25, 2016, we exercised the warrant and purchased 1,676,747 shares of MREC common stock for $335,349 resulting in our aggregate holdings of MREC increasing to 3,353,495 common shares representing approximately 8.9% of the issued and outstanding common shares of MREC.headset-based product.

On July 28, 2017, the Company received Notices of Exercise for all 459,691 warrants then exercisable (the “Tranche 1 Warrants”) from all the MREC affiliate holders electing to purchase warrants pursuant to the terms of the net exercise provision set forth in the Warrant Agreement. Mr. Saltz(a member of our Board of Directors who is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of MREC, as well as a majority stockholder of MREC) held 398,122 of the Tranche 1 Warrants prior to the assignment of the warrants to MREC on August 11, 2017. Under the net exercise provision, in lieu of exercising the warrant for cash, the holder may elect to receive shares equal to the value of the warrant (or the portion thereof being exercised) by surrender of the warrant and the Company issuing to holder the number of computed shares. Using the July 28, 2017 OTCQX closing price at $4.36 as fair value and the $2.72 warrant exercise price, upon conversion the 459,691 warrants entitled the holders to receive 172,912 shares of the Company’s Common Stock without payment of any additional consideration pursuant to the net exercise terms of the Tranche 1 Warrants that are currently exercisable.

Effective August 16, 2017, the Company and the MREC affiliate holders entered into an agreement (the “Warrant Buyout Agreement”) whereby the Company acknowledged that the affiliates of MREC had assigned the Tranche 1 Warrants to MREC and the Company agreed to repurchase them at a price of $3.924 per share of Common Stock issuable by the Company pursuant to the net exercise terms of the Warrants for a total of $678,505.

In addition, the Company agreed to repurchase from MREC an additional 459,691 warrants held by MREC that are not currently exercisable (the “Tranche 2 Warrants”). Mr. Saltz held 364,122 of the Tranche 2 Warrants prior to their assignment to MREC on August 11, 2017. The Warrant Buyout Agreement amended the Tranche 2 Warrants to provide for the immediate exercise on a net exercise basis of 24,208 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Tranche 2 Warrants is $94,990 based on a price of $3.924 per share of Common Stock issuable on a net exercise basis and based on 24,208 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The aggregate purchase price of the Tranche 1 Warrants and the Tranche 2 Warrants was $773,495.

MREC agreed that proceeds of the warrant redemption, net of applicable taxes, would be used to fund the development of a second stand-alone Modern Round location. In addition, MREC agreed that, after giving effect to their payment to us of $161,573 towards the $280,000 minimum royalty due covering the first 12-month royalty period, the balance due to us in order to maintain exclusivity was $118,427.

In addition, on August 16, 2017, we entered into an amendment to the Co-Venture Agreement to permit MREC to sublicense the VirTra Technology to third party operators of stand-alone location-based entertainment companies. MREC agreed to pay us royalties for any such sublicenses in an amount equal to 10% of the revenue paid to MREC in cases where MREC pays for the cost of the equipment for such location or 14% of the revenue paid to MREC in cases where it does not pay for the cost of the equipment.

Intellectual Property

We own or have rights to trademarks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate names, logos and website names. In addition, we own or have the rights to copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary rights that protect the content of our products and the formulations for such products. This Annual Report on Form 10-K may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Our use or display of third parties’ trademarks, service marks, trade names or products in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not intended to, and should not be read to, imply a relationship with or endorsement or sponsorship of us. Solely for convenience, some of the copyrights, trade names and trademarks referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed without their ©, ® and ™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our copyrights, trade names and trademarks. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

We rely on certain proprietary technology and seek to protect our interests through a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, know-how, trade secrets and security measures, including confidentiality agreements. Our policy generally is to secure protection for significant innovations to the fullest extent practicable. Further, we seek to expand and improve the technological base and individual features of our products through ongoing research and development programs.

Our patent portfolio includes threeseven issued U.S. patents, which expire between 2025 and 2028. We also have2037. In 2019, VirTra completed an Asset Purchase Agreement with Tiberius Technology, LLC, that included purchase of a patent and two pending patents, all patent ownership was transferred effective March 13, 2019, and the two pending patents were issued as patents. In 2022, we submitted patent applications pending for examination in the U.S.that will remain confidential until awarded or will remain confidential if not awarded or abandoned.

We own the trademarktrademarks for “VirTra,” “VirTra Systems”, “The Higher Standard in Firearms Training Simulators”“Threat-Fire”, “ArmorGen” and “Threat-Fire”.many other branding trademarks. These trademarks are registered in the United States. We have filed an application that is pending for the trademark for “VirTra”. We consider the protection of our trademarks to be important to our business.

We also have copyright protection for the simulator content we produceour intellectual property produced for use in our products.

We rely on the laws of unfair competition and trade secrets to protect our proprietary rights. We attempt to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with customers, suppliers, employees and consultants, and through other security measures. However, we may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of or take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. Effective trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which we offer or intend to offer our products and services to the same extent as in the United States. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could harm or even destroy our brands and impair our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing our intellectual property rights could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources and may not prove successful. Although we intend to protect our rights vigorously, there can be no assurance that these measures will be successful.

Research and Development

During the years ended December 31, 20172022, and 2016,2021, our research and product development expenses were approximately $1,285,000$2,606,840 and $1,100,000,$1,865,880, respectively.

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials/Manufacturing and Assembly

We obtain the key components of our products from a variety of sources that we purchase on a purchase order basis from local suppliers at market prices based on our production requirements. We believe alternative sources generally exist for the components used in our products.

Our manufacturing, assembly, warehouse and shipping facilities are located in TempeChandler, Arizona. See “—Business – Property.”

Employees

As of December 31, 2017,March 10, 2023, we employed 80121 full-time employees. We believe that we maintain a satisfactory working relationship with our employees and we do not currently have any labor disputes.

PropertyOperations

We lease approximately 37,729 rentable square feet of office and warehouse space from an unaffiliated third party for our corporate office, manufacturing, assembly, warehouse and shipping facility located at 7970 South Kyrene Road, Tempe, Arizona 85284. This lease expires in April 2019. In addition, we lease approximately 4,529 rentable square feet of office and industrial space from an unaffiliated third party for our parts manufacturing facility at 2169 East 5th St., Tempe, Arizona 85284. This lease expires in September 2018.

Operations

Our operations are conducted from our principal executive office in Tempe,Chandler, Arizona. In 2022 we opened a facility in Orlando Fl to support east coast operations. We do not currently have no offices orany employees internationally. However,internationally; however, our U.S.-based sales force works to secure contracts to supply our products in U.S. and foreign markets. As of December 31, 2017,2022, we had existinghave performed sales contracts orand warranty service obligations in the U.S. and 10various foreign countries. When our products are introduced into an international market, it is either pursuant to a contract directly with a customer located in the foreign country, or pursuant to a contract between our company and a U.S. government agency (such as the U.S. Department of State or the United States Army)State). In the latter instance, our customer is the relevant U.S. government agency. The government agency may then distribute our products to third parties within the particular country.

Regulatory Matters

Our business is heavily regulated in most of our markets. We deal with numerous U.S. government agencies and entities, including, but not limited to, branches of the U.S. military and the Department of Homeland Security. Similar government authorities exist in our international markets.

We are also subject to export laws and regulations. These laws include, among others, the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (the “ITAR”), administered by the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, and trade sanctions, regulations and embargoes administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control. Among its many provisions, the ITAR requires a license application for the export of firearms and congressional approval for any application with a total value of $1 million or higher. We have been issued an exemption under the ITAR that eliminates the need to apply for individual licenses to export our products outside the United States.

Any failures to comply with these laws and regulations could result in civil or criminal penalties, fines, investigations, adverse publicity and restrictions on our ability to export our products and repeat failures could carry more significant penalties. Any changes in export regulations may further restrict the export of our products. The length of time required by the licensing processes can vary, potentially delaying the shipment of products and the recognition of the corresponding revenue. Any restrictions on the export of our products could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.

For additional information related to export regulations, see Item 1A, entitled “Risk Factors – We may not be ableRisks Related to receive or retain the necessary licenses or authorizations required for us to export or re-export….Our Business.”

Government Contracts

The U.S. government, and other governments, may terminate any of our government contracts at their convenience, as well as for default, based on our failure to meet specified performance requirements. If any of our U.S. government contracts were to be terminated for convenience, we generally would be entitled to receive payment for work completed and allowable termination or cancellation costs. If any of our government contracts were to be terminated for default, generally the U.S. government would pay only for the work that has been accepted and can require us to pay the difference between the original contract price and the cost to re-procure the contract items, net of the work accepted from the original contract. The U.S. government can also hold us liable for damages resulting from the default. For additional information related to government contracts, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Government Contracts.Our Business.”

Environmental

We are subject to various federal, state, local and non-U.S. laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including the discharge, treatment, storage, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances and wastes. We continually assess our compliance status and management of environmental matters to ensure our operations are in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations. Investigation, remediation, operation and maintenance costs associated with environmental compliance and management of sites are a normal, recurring part of our operations. These costs often are allowable costs under our contracts with the U.S. government. It is reasonably possible that continued environmental compliance could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows if additional work requirements or more stringent clean-up standards are imposed by regulators, new areas of soil and groundwater contamination are discovered and/or expansions of work scope are prompted by the results of investigations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have identified the following risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision.

Risks Related to Our Business

We depend on government contracts for substantially all of our revenues and the loss of government contracts or a delay or decline in funding of existing or future government contracts could decrease our backlog or adversely affect our sales and cash flows and our ability to fund our growth.

Our revenues from contracts, directly or indirectly, with foreign and U.S. Federal, state, regional and local governmental agencies represented substantially all of our total revenues in fiscal year 2017.2022. Although these various government agencies are subject to common budgetary pressures and other factors, many of our various government customers exercise independent purchasing decisions. As a result of the concentration of business with governmental agencies, we are vulnerable to adverse changes in our revenues, income and cash flows if a significant number of our government contracts, subcontracts or prospects are delayed or canceled for budgetary or other reasons.

The factors that could cause us to lose these contracts and could decrease our backlog or otherwise materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations include:

Government spending priorities and terms may change in a manner adverse to our businesses.

A significant percentage of our revenue comes from domestic andor foreign police and military forces. If these government entities have tomust cut their budgets, it is possible that we will lose this source of revenue, which could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. We are working aton diversifying our business so that we are not as dependent, but there is no assurance that we will be successful at doing so.

Intense competition could negatively impact on our sales and operating results.

Our products are sold in highly competitive markets with limited barriers to entry. We compete against a number of established companies that provide similar products and services, some of which have financial, technical, marketing, sales, manufacturing, distribution and other resources significantly greater than ours. There are also companies whose products do not compete directly but are sometimes closely related to the products we offer. Arotech, Inc., Cubic Inc., Laser Shot, Inc., Meggitt Training Systems,offer (see Competition and Ti Training Corp. are our main competitorsCompetitive Landscape Discussion in some or all of our markets.Item 1 above).

We believe that our products and services are superior to those offered by our competitors based on our strength in developing higher quality software solutions, our patented accessories and our extensive library of training scenario content that would require a substantial investment of money and time by a competitor to offer a comparable product. The introduction by competitors of lower-priced or more innovative products could, however, result in a significant decline in our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.flow.

If we are unable to anticipate customer preferences or to effectively identify, market and sell future products, our future revenues and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our future success depends on our ability to effectively identify, market and sell new products that respond to new and evolving customer preferences. Accordingly, our revenues and operating results may be adversely affected if we are unable to identify or acquire rights to new products that satisfy customer preferences. In addition, any new products that we market may not generate sufficient revenues to recoup their identification, development, acquisition, marketing, selling and other costs.

Decline in federal, state, andor local government spending would likely negatively affect our product revenues and earnings.

SuccessThe success of each of the products we plan to sell depends substantially on the amount of funds budgeted by federal, state and local government agencies that make up our current and potential customers. Global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme disruptions in the recent past, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. There can be no assurance that similar disruptions will not occur in the future. Deterioration in general economic conditions may result in lower tax revenues that could lead to reductions in government spending, especially spending for discretionary simulation training products such as ours. Poor economic conditions could in turn lead to substantial decreases in our net sales or have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

We may not be able to receive or retain the necessary licenses or authorizations required for us to export or re-export our products, technical data or services, or to transfer technology from foreign sources and to work collaboratively with them. Denials of such licenses and authorizations could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

U.S. regulations concerning export controls require us to screen potential customers, destinations, and technology to ensure that sensitive equipment, technology and services are not exported in violation of U.S. policy or diverted to improper uses or users. In order forFor us to export certain products, technical data or services, we are required to obtain licenses from the U.S. government, often on a transaction-by-transaction basis. These licenses are generally required for the export of the military versions of our products and technical data and for defense services. We cannot be sure of our ability to obtain the U.S. government licenses or other approvals required to export our products, technical data and services for sales to foreign governments, foreign commercial customers or foreign destinations.

In addition, in order for us to obtain certain technical know-how from foreign vendors and to collaborate on improvements on such technology with foreign vendors, we may need to obtain U.S. government approval for such collaboration through manufacturing license or technical assistance agreements approved by U.S. government export control agencies. The U.S. government has the right, without notice, to revoke or suspend export licenses and authorizations for reasons of foreign policy, issues over which we have no control. Failure to receive the required licenses or authorizations would hinder our ability to export our products, data and services and to use some advanced technology from foreign sources. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our failure to comply with export control rules could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our failure to comply with the export control rules described above could expose us to significant criminal or civil enforcement action by the U.S. government, and a conviction could result in denial of export privileges, as well as contractual suspension or debarment under U.S. government contracts, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Failure to comply with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which generally prohibits United States companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices occur from time-to-timetime to time in the foreign countries where we sell our products and services. We can make no assurance, however, that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices, we could suffer severe penalties and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may face competition from providers of comparable products. Increased competition in those product categories could negatively affect our future revenues and operating results.

Since we will not be the only seller and since we have a limited number of patents, the introduction of comparable products designed to compete with our products may increase in the future. With so much focus on homeland security and terrorism, it is possible that more companies will enter our business and sell new and/or innovative training tools. One area of particular concern is new virtual reality (VR) hardware and software. If other companies are able to create new training tools that are more realistic or effective, we may not be able to compete effectively. Introduction by competitors of comparable products, a maturing product lifecycle or other factors could result in a decline in our revenues derived from these products. A significant decline in our sales of these products, without offsetting sales gains, would have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

We operate in a highly competitive market and the size and resources of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can, resulting in a loss of our market share and a decrease in our revenues and gross profit.

The markets for law enforcement military, educational and commercialmilitary simulation training are highly competitive and include many new competitors as well as increased competition from established companies expanding their production and marketing of performance products. Despite owning patents, trademarks and copyrights, our current and future competitors could manufacture and sell products with performance characteristics and functionality similar tolike the products we sell and that we plan to sell. Some of our competitors are large companies with strong worldwide brand recognition such as Cubic and Meggitt that have significantly greater financial, distribution, marketing and other resources than we do.do (see Competition and Competitive Landscape section above). Some of our competitors have significant competitive advantages, including longer operating histories, larger sales forces, bigger advertising budgets, better brand recognition, greater economies of scale and long-term relationships with key military customers that are potentially highly valuable because of the significant volume that our competitors sell to them.

As a result, these competitors may be better equipped than we are to influence customer preferences or otherwise increase their market share by:

Disruptions could negatively impact revenue and results of operation.

Our ability to manufacture and/or sell our products may be impaired by damage or disruption to our manufacturing, warehousing or distribution capabilities, or to the capabilities of our suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics service providers or independent distributors. This damage or disruption could result from execution issues, as well as factors that are hard to predict or are beyond our control, such as product or raw material scarcity, adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, fire, terrorism, pandemics, strikes, cybersecurity breaches, government shutdowns, disruptions in logistics, supplier capacity constraints or other events. Failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, may adversely affect our business or financial results, particularly in circumstances when a product is sourced from a single supplier or location. Disputes with significant suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics service providers or independent distributors, including disputes regarding pricing or performance, may also adversely affect our ability to manufacture and/or sell our products, as well as our business or financial results. We are actively monitoring the economic instability and its potential impact on our supply chain and operations. Although our products are manufactured in North America and we source the significant majority of our ingredients and raw materials from North America, due to current and potential future port closures and other restrictions resulting from the outbreak, global supply may become constrained, which may cause the price of certain ingredients and raw materials used in our products to increase and/or we may experience disruptions to our operations. While we do not expect that the virus will have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results at this time, we are unable to accurately predict the impact that the coronavirus will have due to various uncertainties, including the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, and actions that may be taken by governmental authorities.

Some of the components of our products pose potential safety risks which could create potential liability exposure for us.

Some of the components of our products contain elements that may pose potential safety risks. In addition to these risks, there can be no assurance that accidents in the facilities that use our products will not occur. Any accident, whether occasioned by the use ofusing all or any part of our products or technology or by our customers’ operations, could adversely affect commercial acceptance of our products and could result in claims for damages resulting from injuries or death. Any of these occurrences would materially adversely affect our operations and financial condition. In the event thatIf our products fail to perform as specified, users of these products may assert claims for substantial amounts. These claims could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There is no assurance that the amount of the general product liability insurance that we maintain will be sufficient to cover potential claims or that the present amount of insurance can be maintained at the present level of cost, or at all.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.

Companies engaged in the sales of products are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights. Some companies, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims against us. Third parties may in the future assert that we have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights. Existing laws and regulations are evolving and subject to different interpretations, and various federal and state legislative or regulatory bodies may expand current or enact new laws or regulations. We cannot guarantee you that we are not infringing or violating any third-party intellectual property rights.

We cannot predict whether assertions of third-party intellectual property rights or any infringement or misappropriation claims arising from such assertions will substantially harm our business and operating results. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, we may be required to expend significant time and financial resources on the defense of such claims, even if without merit, settled out of court, or determined in our favor. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to: pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party’s intellectual property; cease making, licensing or using products or services that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our products; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or materials; or to indemnify our partners and other third parties. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required or desirable, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may require significant royalty payments and other expenditures. In addition, we do not carry broadly applicable patent liability insurance and any lawsuits regarding patent rights, regardless of their success, could be expensive to resolve and would divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel.

Our business is dependent on proprietary rights that may be difficult to protect and could affect our ability to compete effectively.

Our ability to compete effectively will depend on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology and content through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection, non-disclosure agreements and licensing arrangements.

Litigation, or participation in administrative proceedings, may be necessary to protect our proprietary rights. This type of litigation can be costly and time consuming and could divert company resources and management attention to defend our rights, and this could harm us even if we were to be successful in the litigation and there is no guarantee we would be successful in such litigation. In the absence of patent protection, and despite our reliance upon our proprietary confidential information, our competitors may be able to use innovations similar tolike those used by us to design and manufacture products directly competitive with our products. In addition, no assurance can be given that others will not obtain patents that we will need to license or design around. To the extent any of our products are covered by third-party patents, we could need to acquire a license under such patents to develop and market our products.

Despite our efforts to safeguard and maintain our proprietary rights, we may not be successful in doing so. In addition, competition is intense, and there can be no assurance that our competitors will not independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology. In the event of patent litigation, we cannot assure you that a court would determine that we were the first creator of inventions covered by our issued patents or pending patent applications or that we were the first to file patent applications for those inventions. If existing or future third-party patents containing broad claims were upheld by the courts or if we were found to infringe third-party patents, we may not be able to obtain the required licenses from the holders of such patents on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain these licenses could cause delays in the introduction of our products or necessitate costly attempts to design around such patents, or could foreclose the development, manufacture or sale of our products. We could also incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in patent infringement suits brought by others and in prosecuting patent infringement suits against infringers.

We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how that we seek to protect, in part, through non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our customers, employees, consultants, and entities with which we maintain strategic relationships. We cannot assure you that these agreements will not be breached, that we wouldwill have adequate remedies for any breach or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.

We depend on our executive officers, the loss of whom could materially harm our business.

We rely upon the accumulated knowledge, skills and experience of our executive officers and significant employees. Our ChiefCo-Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board, Robert Ferris, built our business from inception and, along with other members of the management team, are responsible for many of the products and clients that we have today. Our Co-Chief Executive Officer, John Givens, has unique expertise and long-standing relationships in the military simulation market that could have a material impact on our company’s future. If they were to leave us or become incapacitated, we might suffer in our planning and execution of business strategy and operations, impacting our financial results. We also do not maintain any key man life insurance policies for any of our employees.

If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Common Stock may decline.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. Further, we are required to report any changes in internal controls on a quarterly basis. In addition, we will beare required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act beginning with the Annual Report for the year ending December 31, 2018.of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”).

We will design, implement, and test the internal controls over financial reporting required to comply with these obligations. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is ineffective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of the Common Stock could be negatively affected. We also could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which the securities are listed, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”),SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

In addition, Section 102 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage ofThe company has implemented new standards such as the benefits of thislease and revenue standards without using the extended transition period.option. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which would occur if the market value of our ordinary shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.

Until such a time, however, we cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and the price of our securities may be more volatile.

As an emerging growth company, our auditor is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting while we are an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company as defined under rules promulgated by the SEC. This means that the effectiveness of our financial reporting may differ from our peer companies in that they may be required to obtain independent registered public accounting firm attestations as to the effectiveness of ourtheir internal controls over financial reporting and we are not. While our management is required to attest to internal control over financial reporting and we will be required to detail changes to our internal controls on a quarterly basis, we cannot provide assurance that the independent registered public accounting firm’s review process in assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, if obtained, would not find one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Further, once we cease to be an emerging growth company and no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company, we will be subject to independent registered public accounting firm attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Even if management finds such controls to be effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may decline to attest to the effectiveness of such internal controls and issue a qualified report.

We willdo incur significantsignificantly increased costs as a resultbecause of operating as a public company, and our management will beis required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a public company with an obligation to file reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act, we willdo incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we didwould not incur as a private company whose shares were quoted on the OTC Markets.company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposes various requirements on public companies including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have increased and willcould continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and willcould make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our boardBoard of directors.Directors. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur to meet our additional disclosure obligations under the Exchange Act or the timing of such costs.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, weWe must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, we will beare required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting the later of (i) our second annual report on Form 10-K, or (ii) the first annual report on Form 10-K following the date on which we are no longer an emerging growth company and no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company. Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act willcould require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts including the potential of hiring additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with Section 404 requires us to be able to prepare timely and accurate financial statements. We expect that we will need to continue to improve the existing, and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and we may be unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This, in turn, could have an adverse impact on trading prices for our Common Stock, and could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets.

Risks Relating to Our Stock

NASDAQ may delist our Common Stock from trading on its exchange, which could limit stockholders’ ability to trade our Common Stock.

Our Common Stock commencedis listed for trading on NASDAQ on March 29, 2018. NASDAQ will requireand requires us to meet certain financial, public float, bid price and liquidity standards on an ongoing basis in order to continue the listing of our Common Stock. If we fail to meet these continued listing requirements, our Common Stock may be subject to delisting. If our Common Stock is delisted and we are not able to list our Common Stock on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities would be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including limited availability of market quotations for our Common Stock and reduced liquidity for the trading of our securities. In addition, we could experience a decreased ability to issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future.

Our Common Stock price is likely to be highly volatile because of several factors, including a limited public float.fluctuation.

The market price of our Common Stock has been volatile in the past and the market price of our Common Stock could be volatile in the future. You may not be able to resell shares of our Common Stock following periods of volatility because of the market’s adverse reaction to volatility.

Other factors that could cause such volatility may include, among other things:

Any of these factors could have a significant and adverse impact on the market price of our Common Stock. In addition, the stock market in general has at times experienced extreme volatility and rapid decline that has often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

Because our officers and boardBoard of directorsDirectors will make all management decisions, you should only invest in our securities if you are comfortable entrusting our directors to make all decisions.

Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors will have the sole right to make all decisions with respect to our management. Investors will not have an opportunity to evaluate the specific projects that will be financed with future operating income. You should not purchase our securities unless you are willing to entrust all aspects of our management to our officers and directors.

We may need to raise additional capital. If we are unable to raise the necessary additional capital, our business may fail, or our operating results and our stock price may be materially adversely affected.

As an emerging growth company, we willmay need to secure adequate funding for opportunities we may encounter. Such opportunities may include acquiring complementary businesses, securing new marketing and sales opportunities, giving bonuses to employees to reward them for past service and incentivize them for future successes. Selling additional stock, either privately or publicly, would dilute the equity interests of our stockholders. If we borrow more money, we will have to pay interest and may also have to agree to restrictions that limit our operating flexibility. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing, if needed, we may have to curtail our operations and our business could fail.

Our issuance of additional Common Stock in exchange for services or to repay debt would dilute your proportionate ownership and voting rights and could have a negative impact on the market price of our Common Stock.

We may generally issue shares of Common Stock and Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants to pay for debt or services, without further approval by our stockholders based upon such factors as our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may deem relevant at that time. It is possible that we will issue additional shares of Common Stock under circumstances we may deem appropriate at the time.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.

From time to time, certain of our stockholders may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of Common Stock by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations. In general, pursuant to Rule 144, non-affiliate stockholders may sell freely after six months, subject only to the current public information requirement. Affiliates may sell after six months, subject to the Rule 144 volume, manner of sale (for equity securities), current public information, and notice requirements. Of the approximately 7,904,30710,924,724 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of March 29, 2018, all such30, 2023, 7,500 shares are restricted subject to Rule 144 with the remaining shares tradable without restriction. Given the limited trading of our Common Stock, resale of even a small number of shares of our Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144 or an effective registration statement may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Our equity incentive plan allows us to issue stock options and award shares ofin our Common Stock. We may in the future create additional equity incentive plans, which may at that time require us to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to cover the issuance of shares upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted or otherwise purchased under those plans. As a result, any shares issued or granted under the plans may be freely tradable in the public market. If equity securities are issued under the plans, if implemented, and it is perceived that they will be sold in the public market, then the price of our Common Stock could decline substantially.

No holders of any shares of our Common Stock have rightsthe right to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of such shares.

ProvisionsThe provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws may delay or prevent a takeover which may not be in the best interests of our stockholders.

Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws may be deemed to have anti-takeover effects, which include when and by whom special meetings of our stockholders may be called, and may delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt. In addition, certain provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes also may be deemed to have certain anti-takeover effects which include that control of shares acquired in excess ofmore than certain specified thresholds will not possess any voting rights unless these voting rights are approved by a majority of a corporation’s disinterested stockholders. Further, our Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our boardBoard of directors inDirectors at their sole discretion. Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may, without stockholder approval, issue additional series of preferred stock with dividends, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our Common Stock.

We have never paid dividends on our Common Stock and have no plans to do so in the future.

Holders of shares of our Common Stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our boardBoard of directors.Directors. To date, we have paid no cash dividends on our shares of Common Stock, and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operations of our business. Therefore, any return investors in our Common Stock may have will be in the form of appreciation, if any, in the market value of their shares of Common Stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

We lease approximately 37,729 rentable square feet of office and warehouse space from an unaffiliated third party for our corporate office, manufacturing, assembly, warehouse and shipping facility located at 7970 South Kyrene Road, Tempe, Arizona 85284. This lease expires in April 2019. In addition, we lease approximately 4,5295,131 rentable square feet of office and industrial space within the same business complex as our main office from an unaffiliated third party for our parts manufacturing facilitymachine shop at 2169 East 5th St.,7910 South Kyrene Road, Tempe, Arizona 85284. This85223. Both properties are under the same lease agreement which expires in September 2018.April 2024. In 2022, the Company moved all the operations from 7970 South Kyrene into the newly purchased building on 295 East Corporate Place. The plan will be to move the rest of the operations from 7910 Kyrene into the 295 East Corporate Place location by May of 2023.

On June 1, 2022, we moved into a newly leased space in Orlando, Florida, that is approximately 9,350 square feet. We believe this space will be instrumental in growing our military business and supporting an east coast customer service

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From timeThere is no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to time,the business, to which we are involved in various claims and legal actions arising ina party or of which any of our property is the ordinary course of business. On October 20, 2016 a former employee filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona against us alleging our failure and/or refusal to pay overtime in violation of 29 U.S.C. Sec. 201, et. seq. and a claim for wrongfully withheld wages under A.R.S. Sec. 23-350 et. seq. The complaint sought certification of class action status, declaratory relief, damages, interest, attorneys’ fees and such other relief the Court deemed just and proper. Additionally, two former and one current employee opted-in to the class action. On September 18, 2017, we entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release of Claims with two parties and on November 30, 2017, we entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release of Claims with the remaining two parties in the outstanding lawsuit agreeing to payments including plaintiff’s legal fees totaling $106,030 in full dismissal of all outstanding complaints against us. The agreement does not constitute an admission that we violated any local, state or federal regulations or engaged in any improper or unlawful conduct or wrongdoing. The U.S. District Court of Arizona, District of Arizona approved the Joint Motion Requesting Approval of Settlements on September 25, 2017 and December 7, 2017, respectively, for each settlement agreement. All required settlement payments were completed in accordance with the Settlement Agreements on September 29, 2017 and December 13, 2017. Management believes that the ultimate outcome of this matter did not have a material effect on our earnings, cash flows, or financial position.subject.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Beginning on March 29, 2018, ourOur Common Stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the stock symbol, “VTSI.” Prior to March 29, 2018, our Common Stock was quoted on the OTCQX tier of the OTC Markets Group. The OTC Market is a computer network that provides information on current “bids” and “asks”, as well as volume information.

The following table sets forth the range of high and low closing bid quotations for our Common Stock for each of the periods indicated as reported by the OTC Markets. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. These bid quotations have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-2 reverse stock split of our Common Stock that became effective on March 2, 2018.

Holders of Common Stock

As of March 29, 2018, 7,904,30730, 2023, 10,924,724 shares of our Common Stock were outstanding and held by approximately 15436 holders of record. In addition, we have no shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock or Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

Dividends

We have never paid dividends on our Common Stock and have no plans to do so in the future. Holders of shares of our Common Stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. To date, we have paid no cash dividends on our shares of Common Stock and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for operations of our business. Therefore, any return investors in our Common Stock may have will be in the form of appreciation, if any, in the market value of their shares of Common Stock.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.[RESERVED]

Not applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Annual Report.Report on Form 10-K. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in those forward-looking statements as a resultbecause of many factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.Report on Form 10-K.

Business Overview

Overview

We develop, sellVirTra, Inc. (the “Company,” “VirTra,” “we,” “us” and support“our”) is a global provider of judgmental use of force training and marksmanshipsimulators, firearms training systemssimulators and accessoriesdriving simulators for the law enforcement, military, or civilian use. Our simulators useeducational and commercial markets. The Company’s patented technologies, software, hardware and contentscenarios provide intense training for de-escalation, judgmental use-of-force, marksmanship and related training that mimics real-world situations. VirTra’s mission is to create uniquelysave and improve lives worldwide through practical and highly effective virtual reality and simulator technology.

The VirTra firearms training simulator allows marksmanship and realistic scenario-based training that does not require live ammunitionto take place daily without the need for a shooting range, protective equipment, role players, safety officers, or less-than-lethal munitions, which can both save money and provide certaina scenario-based training capabilities unavailable to live fire exercises.site. We have developed a higher standard in simulation training including capabilities such as: multi-screen, video basedvideo-based scenarios, unique scenario authoring ability, superior training scenarios, the patented Threat-Fire™Threat-Fire® shoot-back system, powerful gas-powered simulated recoil weapons, and more. The simulator also allows students to receive immediate feedback from the instructor without the potential for sustaining injuries by the instructor or the students. The instructor can teach and re-mediate critical issues, while placing realistic stress on the students due to the realism and safe training environment created by the VirTra simulator.

Business Strategy

We have two main customer groups, namely, law enforcement and military. These are very different markets and require different sales and marketing programs as well as personnel. Our focus is to expand the market share and scope of our training simulators sales to these identified customer groups by pursuing the following key growth strategies:

We also are engaged in licensing our technology to Modern Round Entertainment Corporation (“MREC”), a developer and operator of a combined dining and entertainment concept centered on an indoor shooting experience.

Simulator Product Offerings

Our simulator products include the following:

Recent Developments

Effective February 12, 2018, we effected a 1-for-2 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock.

Pursuant to an Offering Circular on Form 1-A, as amended, pursuant to Regulation A, we offered on a “best efforts” basis a minimum of 714,286 shares of common stock and a maximum of 1,428,571 shares of common stock (the “Offered Shares”), par value of $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a price per share of Common Stock of $7.00. The minimum offering amount (“Minimum Offering Amount”) was $5,000,000 and the maximum offering amount (“Maximum Offering Amount”) was $10,000,000. We terminated the offering on March 29, 2018. No shares were sold pursuant to the offering.

On March 29, 2018, our shares of Common Stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol, “VTSI.”

Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 20172022, and December 31, 20162021

Revenues. Revenues were $16,524,225$28,302,244 for the year ended December 31, 20172022, compared to $15,652,168$24,434,056 for the same period in 2016.2021, representing an increase of $3,868,188 or 16%. The increase was primarily athe result of a general increaseincreases in numbersales of customers, partially offset by a large $2.7 million single international order that occurred during the 2016 period.simulators, STEP sales, accessories, curriculum and training, and recurring extended warranty revenue in 2022.

Cost of Sales.Cost of sales was $6,290,879were $12,047,366 for the year ended December 31, 20172022, compared to $5,970,058$13,028,844 for the same period in 2016.2021, representing a decrease of $981,478, or 7.5%. The increase is a result of increased costsyear-over-year decrease was due to higher sales volume and includes $87,749 for the year ended 2017 compareda significant increase in capitalized labor as multiple projects are set to $17,282 for the year ended 2016, respectively, tocomplete in 2023 as well as an increase in recurring STEP revenue that has no associated cost of sales for inventory reserve allowance to adjust the net realizable carrying value of inventory on hand, offset by reductions in material costs from higher volume purchases and more favorable pricing of raw materials and systems components in 2017 compared to 2016.future years.

Gross Profit.Gross profit was $10,233,346$16,254,878 for the year ended December 31, 20172022, compared to $9,682,110$11,405,212 for the same period in 2016.2021, representing an increase of $4,849,666 or 43%. The gross profit margin was 61.9% for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Operating Expenses.Net operating expense was $8,926,82957% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $7,555,7842022, and 47% for the same period in 2016, an2021. The increase of $1,371,045. The year over year increases werein gross profit was primarily due to expanding staffing levels, annual increasesthe increase in payroll and benefits for staff of $546,046,simulator system sales and marketing expansion of $417,000, new research and development work of $200,000, and IT infrastructure upgrades of $53,000, as well as additional costs associated with our becoming a public company, SEC registration and up-listingrecurring STEP revenue that helped to NASDAQ plus increased investor relations totaling $170,000.increase revenue while decreasing COGS.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense.Operating Expenses. Income tax benefitNet operating expense was ($2,505,292)$13,661,173 for the year ended December 31, 2017, reflecting a reversal2022, compared to $9,951,175 for the same period in 2021, representing an increase of our previously established valuation allowance, partially offset$3,709,998, or 37%, with general and administrative expenses increasing by $2,969,038 or 37% and research and development expenses increasing by $740,960 or 40%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was driven by an increase in marketing expenses as the effecttradeshows begin to open back up in 2022 as well as costs related to the moving of a changefacilities and opening the new facility in the federal income tax rate applied to our deferred tax assets and miscellaneous state income taxes. Orlando.

Income tax expensefrom Operations. Income from operations was $204,890$2,593,705 for the year ended December 31, 2016, reflecting miscellaneous state income taxes.2022, compared to $1,454,037 for the same period in 2021, representing an increase of $1,139,668, or 78%, resulting from an increase in revenue, and a decrease in cost of goods despite an increase in operating expenses

Other Income (Expense).Other expense net of other income (expense) was ($549,527)$66,165 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as2022, compared to $26,448net other income $1,332,102 for the same period in 2021, representing a decrease of $1,398,267. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized gain resulting from the one-time event of the forgiveness a PPP loan of $1,320,714.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense was $571,642 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The change was primarily attributable2022, compared to an expense of $246,050 for the write-downsame period in 2021, representing an increase in expense of our Investment in MREC.$325,592 or 132%.

Net Income.Net income was $3,262,282$1,955,898 for the year ended December 31, 20172022, compared to $2,050,022$2,540,089 for the same period in 2016. The increase2021, representing a decrease of $584,191 or 23%, This variance is mostly driven by the difference in net income resulted from an increase in revenuesno PPP loan forgiveness and an increase in income tax benefit, partially offset byexpense. Without the PPP forgiveness in 2021 the net income would have been $1,219,375, representing an increase of $736,523 or 60% in operating expenses and an increase in other expense as noted in each respective section.2022 over 2021.

Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (AEBITDA).

Explanation and Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

Earnings (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and before other non-operating costs and income (“EBITDA”) and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP measures. Adjusted EBITDA also includes non-cash stock option expense, impairment expense and bad debt expense. Other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently. The Company calculates its adjusted EBITDA to eliminate the impact of certain items it does not consider to be indicative of its performance and its ongoing operations. Adjusted EBITDA is presented herein because management believes the presentation of adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to the Company’s investors regarding the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and because adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in the Company’s industry, several of which present EBITDA and a form of adjusted EBITDA when reporting their results. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative for net (loss) income, cash flows from operating activities and other consolidated income or cash flowsflow statement data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP or as a measure of profitability or liquidity. A reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA is provided in the following table:

Liquidity and Capital Resources.Liquidity is the ability of an enterprise to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet its needs for cash requirements. The Company had $5,080,445$13,483,597 and $3,703,579$19,708,565 cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 20172022, and 2016,2021, respectively. Working capital was $5,710.483$24,339,089 and $5,268,654$25,944,717 as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, respectively.

Net cash provided byused in operating activities was $2,652,101 and $1,754,880$2,693,351 for the year ended December 31, 20172022, as compared to $125,743 of cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, resulted primarily from increases in inventory, accounts payable and 2016, respectively, resulting from an increaseaccrued compensation and unbilled revenue, offset by decreases in net incomeaccounts receivable and significantprepaids well as other changes in working capital.operating assets and liabilities. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 resulted primarily from increases in accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued compensation, offset by decreases in unbilled revenue and deferred revenue as well as other changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities was $133,831 and $830,334$3,341,198 for the year ended December 31, 20172022, and 2016, respectively.net cash used by investing activities was $3,735,784 for the year ended December 31, 2021. Investing activities in 2017 consisted entirely2022 and 2021 primarily consist of purchases of property and equipment, while investing activities in 2016 also including the investment in MREC and the asset purchase of a tool shop.equipment.

Net cash used in financing activities was $1,141,404 and $537,987$190,419 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.2022, as compared to $16,728,108 provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021. Financing activities in 20172022 consisted primarilymainly of repurchasesdebt repayments. Financing in 2021 consisted of the issuance of additional common stock for cash and stock options warrantsexercised, offset by debt repayment.

Backlog

The Company defines bookings as the total number of newly signed contracts and treasury stock, while financing activitiespurchase orders received in 2016 consisted primarilya defined period. The Company received bookings totaling $6.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The Company defines backlog as the accumulation of bookings from signed contracts and purchase orders that are not started, or are uncompleted performance objectives, and cannot be recognized as revenue until delivered in a future quarter. Backlog also includes extended warranty agreements and STEP agreements that are deferred revenue recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of each respective agreement. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s backlog was $27.7 million.

Management estimates the majority of the repurchasenew bookings received in the fourth quarter of stock options.2022, will be converted to revenue in 2023. Management’s estimate for the conversion of backlog is based on current contract delivery dates, however, contract terms and install dates are subject to modification and are routinely changed at the request of the customer or due to factors outside the Company’s control.

Cash Requirements

Our management believes that our current capital resources will be adequate to continue operating our company and maintaining our current business strategy for more than 12 months from the filing of this Annual Report. We are, however, open to raising additional funds from the capital markets, at a fair valuation, to purchase a business or assets, expand our production capacity, expand our product and services, offered, to enhance our sales and marketing efforts and effectiveness, and to aggressively take advantage of market opportunities. There can be no assurance, however, that additional financing will be available to us when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain the additional financing on a timely basis, if and when it is needed, we will be forced to scale down our plans for expanded marketing and sales efforts.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have identified the following policies below as critical to our business and results of operations. Our reported results are impacted by the application of the following accounting policies, certainsome of which require management to make subjective or complex judgments. These judgments involve making estimates and assumptions about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may significantly impact quarterly or annual results of operations. For all of these policies, management cautions that future events rarely develop exactly as expected, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Specific risks associated with theseThe methods, estimates, interpretations and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies are describedcan have a significant impact on the results that we report in our financial statements.

The following discussion provides supplemental information regarding the following paragraphs.significant estimates, judgments and assumptions made in implementing the Company’s critical accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), unless otherwise noted.GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments. Management bases the estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. For any given individual estimate or assumption, we make, it is possible that other people applying reasonable judgment to the same facts and circumstances could develop different estimates. Significant accounting estimates in these financial statements include valuation assumptions for share-based payments, allowance for doubtful accounts, receivable, inventory reserves, accrual for warranty reserves, the carrying value of long-lived assets, income tax valuation allowances, and the carrying value of cost basis investments.investments, and the allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in our contracts with customers. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We recognize an allowanceThe Company only ships products when it has reasonable assurance that it will receive payment from the customer. When such assurance is not available, the Company will require payment in advance. For customers other than United States governmental agencies, the Company generally requires advance deposits prior to shipment. The assessment of a customer’s creditworthiness is reliant on management’s judgment regarding such factors as previous payment history, credit rating, credit references and market reputation. If any sales are made that ultimately become uncollectible, the Company charges the uncollected amount against a reserve for losses on accounts receivableuncollectible accounts. This reserve is established and adjusted from time to time based on an analysis of historical bad debt experience, current receivables aging, and expected future write-offs, as well as anmanagement’s assessment of specific identifiable customer accounts considered at risk or uncollectible. Accountseach outstanding receivable are charged off after all reasonable collection efforts have been taken. Asand the likelihood of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we maintained an allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,290 and $20,000, respectively.it being collected.

InventoriesInventory Valuation

Inventories areInventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost being determined on the average cost method. Work in progress and finished goods inventory includes an allocation for capitalized labor and overhead. The Company routinely evaluates the carrying value of inventory and provides reservesProvision is made for obsolete, slow moving or potentially obsoletedefective items where appropriate. This estimated valuation requires that management make certain judgments about the likelihood that specific inventory when appropriateitems may have minimal or no realizable value in the future. These judgments are based on the current quantity of the item on hand compared to historical sales volumes, potential alternative uses of the products and reducesthe age of the inventory to the lower of cost or market to reflect estimated net realizable value. As of December 31, 2017item.

Property and 2016, inventory reserves were $105,031Equipment

Property and $17,282, respectively.

Investments in Other Companies

Minority investments in other companies are accounted for under the cost method of accounting because we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the companies’ operations. Under the cost method of accounting, investments in private companiesequipment are carried at cost, net of depreciation. Depreciation commences at the time the assets are placed in service. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets or for leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the remaining lease term. In determining the depreciation rate, historical disposal experience, holding periods and trends in the market are only adjusted for other-than-temporary declines in fair valuereviewed.

We periodically perform reviews to determine whether facts and distributioncircumstances exist which indicate that the carrying amount of earnings.

Management regularly evaluatesassets may not be recoverable or that the useful life of assets is shorter or longer than originally estimated. We assess the recoverability of its investmentour assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is based on the investee company’s performance and financial position. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized an impairment loss of $613,241. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we did not recognize any losses due to other-than-temporary declinesexcess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the investments. In addition, management regularly assesses the classification of its investments.those assets.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue recognition in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. We evaluated the distinct performance obligations and Deferred Revenuethe pattern of revenue recognition of our contracts upon adoption of the standard. Consequently, after our review of contracts, we concluded that the impact of adopting the standard did not have a significant effect on our balance sheets, statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, or cash flows.

Net revenuesRevenues include sales of products and services and are in net of discounts. Product sales consist of simulators, upgrade components, scenarios, scenario software, recoil kits, Threat-Fire^® and other accessories. Services include installation, training, limited assurance-type warranties, serviceextended service-type warranty agreements and related support. Certain components of

We determined our sales include multiple elements comprising of both products and services. Our revenue recognition falls under ASC 605-25,Multiple Element Arrangements, withthrough the deliveryidentification of the simulator and installation being two separate deliverables. Our deliverycontract with a customer, identification of the simulatorperformance obligations within the contract, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract and recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations have been satisfied.

In reviewing our contracts, the identification of the performance obligations within the contracts, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and the installation has been assessed to qualify as separate units of accounting:

Additionally, we recognize revenue for these products and servicespoint when it is realized or realizable and earned. Revenue isperformance obligations were satisfied required significant judgment. In identifying the performance obligations, the Company considered realized and earned when: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery has occurred and/or services have been rendered; (iii) the price is fixed and determinable; and (iv) collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Shipping fees charged to customers are recorded as a component of net revenues. All sales and sales contracts, including international sales, have been denominated in US dollars.

Products

Revenue from the sale of products is recognized when title and risk of loss passes to the customer. Delivery is considered complete when products have been shipped towhether the customer and title and risk of loss has transferred to the customer. For customers other than United States governmental agencies, we generally require deposits in advance of shipment for customer sales orders. Customer deposits are recorded as a current liability under deferred revenue on the accompanying balance sheet and totaled $709,676 and $51,334 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Services

Services include installation of product, separately priced extended limited warranties on parts and labor, and technical support. Revenue is recognized for service contracts as earned, which is generally upon completion of installation or, as it relates to the extended warranties, on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. The Company does warranty its products from manufacturing defects on a limited basis for a period of one year after purchase, but also sells separately priced extended warranties for periods of up to four years after the expiration of the standard one-year warranty. The Company reviews historical warranty costs to estimate first year warranty costs as a percentage of revenue and records a corresponding warranty expense and accrued warranty liability related to product sales in the same period. After the one-year standard warranty expires and during the term of the extended warranty, if the device fails to operate properly from defects in materials and workmanship, we will fix or replace the defective product. Deferred revenue for separately priced extended warranties longer than one year totaled $2,156,950 and $2,014,571 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We record a gross to net revenue adjustment and accrue on an annual basis the estimated cost of complying with the warranty agreements for the next fiscal year. The accrual for the one-year manufacturer’s warranty liability totaled $135,000 and $122,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company calculates a provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized by identifying the temporary differences arising from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. In determining the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns, judgment and interpretation of statutes are required.

In assessing realizable deferred tax assets, management assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent that recovery is not likely or there is insufficient operating history, a valuation allowance is established. The Company adjusts the valuation allowance in the period management determines it is more likely than not that net deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company reversed all previously recorded valuation allowances.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not recognize any assets or liabilities relative to uncertain tax positions. Interest or penalties, if any, will be recognized in income tax expense. Since there are no significant unrecognized tax benefits as a result of tax positions taken, there are no accrued penalties or interest. Tax positions are positions taken in a previously filed tax return or positions expected to be taken in a future tax return that are reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities reported in the financial statements.

The Company reflects tax benefits, only if it is more likely than notreasonable expectation that the Company will be ableprovide those goods or services and would view those goods or services as part of the negotiated exchange. The Company believes that, generally, our performance obligations are explicit in the contracts. The Company allocates the transaction price to sustain the tax return position, based on its technical merits. If a tax benefit meets this criterion, it is measured and recognizedperformance obligations based on the largest amountrelative standalone selling price basis. This required consideration and determination of benefit that is cumulatively greater than 50% likely to be realized. Management does not believe that there are any uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2017the stand-alone selling price for each distinct good or 2016.

The Company is potentially subject to tax audits for its United States federal and Arizona state income tax returns for tax years ended 2015 to 2017 and 2014 to 2017, respectively; however, earlier years may be subject to audit under certain circumstances. Tax audits by their very nature are often complex and can require several years to complete.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. Accordingly,service using various sources of information. Under ASC 606, the Company has modifiedrecognizes revenue only when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring the valuegood or service to the customer. To determine when the performance obligation had been transferred to the customer, the Company considered control of the deferred tax assetsperformance obligation transferred once the customer had the right and liabilities includingability to direct the net operating loss carryover at December 31, 2017. Prior to enactmentuse of the new tax reform,product or service and the Company had total net deferred tax assets of $5,463,000 at December 31, 2017. Takingcustomer obtained substantially all the new tax reform into consideration,remaining benefit from the total net deferred tax assets was $2,710,000 at December 31, 2017.products and services.

We remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. However, we are still analyzing certain aspects of the Act and refining our calculation, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new deferred tax amounts. The amount recorded related to the remeasurement of our deferred tax balance was an expense of $1,376,000. The expense is included as a component of income tax expense.

Stock BasedStock-Based Compensation

The Company calculates the cost of awards of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected term and risk-free interest ratesrates.

The expected term of the options is the estimated period of time until exercise and iswas determined using the SEC’s safe harbor rules, using an average of vesting and contractual terms, as we dodid not have sufficient historical experience of similar awards. Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term. The estimated fair value of stock-based compensation awards and other options is amortized on a straight-line basis over the relevant vesting period. As share-basedShare-based compensation expense is recognized based on awards ultimately expected to vest,vest. Forfeitures are recorded in subsequent periods when they occur.

Income Taxes

We use significant judgment in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. In preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate income taxes in each of the domestic and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating the actual current tax liability together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and benefits of net operating loss tax carryforwards. These differences result in deferred tax assets, which include tax loss carryforwards, and liabilities. We then assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent that recovery is not likely or there is insufficient operating history, we establish a valuation allowance. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results and incorporate assumptions about the amount of future state, federal, and foreign pretax operating income adjusted for items that do not have tax consequences. The assumptions about future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying business. To the extent we establish or change a valuation allowance in a period, we include an adjustment within the tax provision of our statements of operations.

Deferred tax assets reflect current statutory income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets are expected to be realized. As changes in tax laws or statutory tax rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision of income taxes.

The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is reducedmore likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. We (1) record unrecognized tax benefits as liabilities in accordance with ASC 740 and (2) adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the unrecognized tax benefit liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which new information is available.

Warranty Reserve

For sales to customers within the U.S. and for estimated forfeitures. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur rather than estimating themall international sales, we typically provide a one-year assurance-type warranty but may provide longer warranty periods if contractually required. We provide a warranty on our simulators that covers the cost of replacement parts and labor on defective products. We estimate, based upon a review of historical warranty claim experience, the costs that may be incurred under our warranty policies and record a liability in the amount of such estimate at the time a product is sold. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of grant.units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim. At our discretion, based upon the cost to either repair or replace a product, we have occasionally replaced such products covered under warranty with a new or refurbished model. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liability and make adjustments to the accrual as claims data and historical experience warrants.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, theSee Note 1 to our financial statements, included in Item 8. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance for revenue recognition for contracts, superseding the previous revenue recognition requirements, along with most existing industry-specific guidance. The guidance requires an entity to review contracts in five steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price,Statements and 5) recognize revenue. The new standard will result in enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance approving a one-year deferral, making the standard effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoptionSupplementary Data of this accounting standard will not have a material impactAnnual Report on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.Form 10-K.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 – “Leases (Topic 842)”, which requires leases to put most leases on their balance sheets by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. This ASU will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of assessing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”), which requires that equity investments, except for those accounted for under the equity method or those that result in consolidation of the investee, be measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. ASU 2016-01 also impacts the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted only for certain provisions. As the Company wrote-down its Investment in Modern Round to fair value in 2017, the Company believes that the adoption of ASU 2016-01 will not have a material impact on its financial statements, however, the Company will change from the cost method of accounting.

We implemented all new accounting standards that are in effect and that may impact our financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2017,2022, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors. The term “off-balance sheet arrangement” generally means any transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement to which an entity unconsolidated with us is a party, under which we have any obligation arising under a guarantee contract, derivative instrument or variable interest or a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to such entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support for such assets.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE ANAND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

INDEX TO HISTORICAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of VirTra, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of VirTra, Inc. (the “Company”)Company) as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017,2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”)financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows, for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Friedman LLP

Haynie & Company

Salt Lake City, Utah

March 31, 2023

PCAOB #457

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.2022

East Hanover, New Jersey 

March 30, 2018

VIRTRA, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

The

See accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensedto financial statementsstatements.

VIRTRA, INC.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For Years Ended December 31,