UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT

Commission File Number 1-7062

INNSUITES HOSPITALITY TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(602) 944-1500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X][  ] No [  ][X]

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Emerging growth company [  ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

Aggregate market value of Shares of Beneficial Interest held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of July 31, 2017,2019, based upon the closing sales price of the registrant’s Shares of Beneficial Interest on that date, as reported on the NYSE AMERICAN: $5,258,184$5,876,683 

Number of Shares of Beneficial Interest outstanding as of May 1, 2018: 9,764,907August 12, 2020: 9,145,008

Documents incorporated by reference: None.

PART I

Item 1.BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION TO OUR BUSINESS

InnSuites Hospitality Trust (the “Trust”“Trust”) is headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona and is an unincorporated Ohio real estate investment trust formed on June 21, 1979; however, the1971. The Trust is not a real estate investment trust for federal taxation purposes.purposes, but is taxed as a C-corporation. The Trust, with its affiliates RRF Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Partnership”“Partnership”), and InnSuites® Hotels, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“InnSuites Hotels”Hotels”), owns interests in andtwo hotels, operates four hotels,and provides management services for a total of fourthree hotels, and provides trademark license services for a total of six hotels.services. At January 31, 2018,2020, and currently, the Trust ownedowns a 74.80%75.89% sole general partner interest in the Partnership, which controlledcontrols a 51.01% interest in onethe InnSuites hotel located in Tucson, Arizona. We anticipate to sell one or more of our hotels by January 31, 2019.

The Trust also ownArizona, and a direct 12.79%20.33% interest in onethe InnSuites hotel located in Yuma, Arizona and owned a direct 22.83% interest in one InnSuites® hotel located in Albuquerque, New Mexico (all three InnSuitesMexico. The Tucson and Albuquerque hotels are hereinaftersometimes referred to as the “Hotels”)“Hotels”. We anticipate selling one or both of the Hotels in the next twenty-four (24) months.

InnSuites Hotels Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Trust, provides management services for the two Trust Hotels and one hotel located in Tempe, Arizona (the “Tempe Hotel”) that is owned by affiliates of James F. Wirth, the Trust’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. InnSuites Hotels also provides trademark and licensing services to the Hotels, one hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth and one unrelated hotel property.Tempe Hotel. The Trust has approximately 150120 full-time employees and 50approximately 20 part-time employees.

The two Hotels have an aggregate of 424270 hotel suites and operate as moderate and full-service-service hotels that apply a value studio and two-room suite operating philosophy formulated in 1980 by Mr. Wirth. The Trust owns and operates hotels as studio and two-room suite hotels that offer services such as free hot breakfast buffets and complimentary afternoon social hours plus amenities, such as microwave ovens, refrigerators, and free high-speed hard wired and wireless Internet access and coffee makers in each studio or two-room suite.access.

The Trust believes that a significant opportunity for revenue growth and profitability will ariseFor the fiscal year ahead, February 1, 2020 through January 31, 2021 the Trust’s operations are focused on recovery from the skillful managementimpact of the Trust’s Hotels or managed hotel properties for both increased occupancycorona virus (COVID-19) pandemic, and rates.the severe impact on the travel and hospitality industries which took place after February 1, 2020. The Trust’s primary business objective is to maximize returns to its shareholders through increases in asset value and long-term total returns to shareholders.shareholders, including profitable sale of assets and growth of investments. The Trust seeks to achieve this objective through participation in increased revenues from the Hotels as a result of intensive management and marketing of the InnSuites®InnSuites© hotels, and the “InnSuites Boutique Collection” brands in the southwestern region of the United States.by selling hotel real estate at market prices well above book values and benefitting from diversified investments. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Future Positioning” for a more detailed discussion of the Trust’s strategic objectives.

The Trust has a single class of Shares of Beneficial Interest, without par value, that are traded on the NYSE AMERICAN under the symbol “IHT.” The Partnership has two outstanding classes of limited partnership interests, Class A and Class B, which are identical in all respects. However, each Class A Partnership unit is convertible, at the option of the Class A holder, into one newly-issued Share of Beneficial Interest of the Trust and each Class B Partnership unit is convertible, upon approval of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, into one newly-issued Share of Beneficial Interest of the Trust. The Partnership Agreement of the Partnership subjects both general and limited partner units to certain restrictions on transfer.

IBC Hospitality Technologies:

InnDependent Boutique Collection (“IBC”, “IBC Hotels”, “IBC Hotels, LLC”, “IBC Hospitality” or “IBC Hospitality Technologies”), a wholly owned subsidiary of InnSuites Hospitality Trust, has a network of approximately 2,000 unrelated hospitality properties with proprietary software, exclusive marketing distribution, and services as well as brand-like cost savings solutions to independent boutique hotels and alternative lodging (serviced apartments, B&B’s, villas and multi-unit ownership/management of luxury private residences). Additionally, IBC provides software and solutions to a variety of branded hotels looking to increase direct bookings and receive full guest information IBC’s patent-pending loyalty program allows consumers to book discounted travel when logged in and shopping for lodging onwww.ivhtravel.com while also earning cash back, e-gift cards and free nights globally. IVHTravel.com and its proprietary booking engine has over 1.1 million lodging choices globally and provides add-on capability for activities, rental car and cancellation protection with airfare on its roadmap in 2019.

IBC was born out of independent hotelier frustration over being denied cost-effective access to enterprise hospitality services and software that served their large corporate competitors coupled with the inability to secure a global and robust guest loyalty program. Instead of giving up independence, the founders of IBC negotiated large procurement discounts hired a development team to create the patent-pending InnDependent InnCentives guest loyalty program and integrated software design to manage supply and demand. With the success of the patent-pending InnCentives loyalty program IBC began adding hotel services and software specifically for independent and boutique hotels. These solutions address the following challenges: RevPAR and Profitability Optimization, Operational Management and Soft Brand Benefits. RevPAR, or revenue per available room, is a hospitality performance metric that is calculated by dividing a hotels total guestroom revenue by the room count and the number of days in the period being measured or by multiplying the average daily rate by the occupancy.

Our technology division is broken into two business lines, International Vacation Hotels Travel (“IVH”) and IBC Hospitality Technologies. Each of these divisions customer base is very different, and the services provided to each customer base ranges dramatically.

MANAGEMENT AND LICENSING CONTRACTS

The Trust directly manages the Hotels through the Trust’s wholly-owned subsidiary, InnSuites Hotels, Inc. Under the management agreements, InnSuites Hotels manages the daily operations of the threeboth Trust Hotels and one hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth.the Tempe Hotel. All Trust managed Hotel expenses, revenues and reimbursements among the Trust, InnSuites Hotels and the Partnership have been eliminated in consolidation. The management fees for the Hotels and the hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. WirthTempe Hotel are 5% of room revenue and a monthly accounting fee of $2,000 per hotel. These agreements have no expiration date anddates, but may be cancelled by either party with 90-days written notice, or potentially sooner in the event the property changes ownership.

The Trust also provides the use of the “InnSuites” trademark to the Hotels and the hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. WirthTempe Hotel through the Trust’s wholly-owned subsidiary, InnSuites Hotels, Inc. at no additional charge., which is included in the management fee. The InnSuites trademark expires in January 2027.

These revenues are included in the management and trademark fees revenues in the consolidated statement of operations of our financial statements.

MEMBERSHIP AGREEMENTS

InnSuites Hotels has entered into membership agreements with Best Western International, Inc. (“Best Western”Western”) with respect to all threeeach of the two Hotels. In exchange for use of the Best Western name, trademark and reservation system, the Hotelseach Hotel pays marketing and reservation fees to Best Western based on reservations received through the use of the Best Western reservation system, a marketing fee based upon the monthly room revenues, and the number of available suites at the Hotels. The agreements with Best Western have no specific expiration terms and may be cancelled by either party.are year-to-year. Best Western requires that the Hotels meet certain requirements for room quality, and the two Hotels are subject to removal from itsthe Best Western reservation system if these requirements are not met. TheDuring the past year, the two Hotels with third-party membership agreements received significant reservations through the Best Western reservation system. Under these arrangements, fees paid for membership fees and reservations were approximately $286,000$171,000 and $483,000,$277,000, for fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.

COMPETITION IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

The hotel industry is highly competitive. We expect the major challenge for the fiscal year ending January 31, 20192021 (“fiscal year 2019”2021”) to be the continuationeconomic recovery from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic during the spring of 2020. The drastic impact of COVID-19 to the hospitality industry has resulted in severely reduced occupancy and significant reduction in room rates. Continued competition for reduced demand in corporate, leisure, group and government business in the markets in which we operate, which maywill affect our ability to increasemaintain room rates while maintainingand maintain market share. Each of the Hotels, experiencesand the Tempe Hotel faces competition primarily from other mid-market hotels located in its immediate vicinity, but also competes with hotel properties located in other geographic markets.markets, and increasingly from alternative lodging facilities, such as Airbnb. While none of the Hotels’ competitors dominate any of the Trust’stheir geographic markets, some of those competitors may have greater marketing and financial resources than the Trust.

Certain additional hotel property developments and/or hotel refurbishments have recently been completed by competitors in a numberboth of the Hotels’ markets, and additional hotel property developments may be built in the future. Such hotel developments have had, and could continue to have an adverse effect on the revenue of our Hotels in their respective markets.

The Trust has chosen to focus itsTrust’s hotel investments are located in Arizona and New Mexico. With the completed renovations at our Yuma, Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico hotel properties, the Trust hasthose hotels have seen additional demand during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, as supply hashad been steady in thatthose respective markets. Either an increase in supply or a decline in demand could result in increased competition, which could have an adverse effect on the revenueoccupancy, room rates and revenues of our Hotels in their respective markets.

IBC Hotels provides The hotels have experienced a variety of brand-like hotel and technology services to independent hotels without the cost or hassle of a brand for a month-to-month agreement to independent hotels, which make up approximately one-half of the world’s hotels (not including B&Bs and rentals). These services include but are not limited to: web/mobile site presence, hotel app, booking engine, loyalty program along with strategic partnerships that provide metasite channels, fast-tracked financing, purchasing, IT services, training and education and integrations to a variety of service providers including rental cars and tours as well as property management and additional distribution.

While the travel landscape is competitivedecrease in itself, each one of the services provided by IBC Hotels has its own competitive landscape. Online travel agencies (OTAs) continue to fight for the customer looking for the occasional booking and hotels to push excess inventory. Brands have historically had solid demand due to their loyalty programsimpact of the COVID-19 virus and consistent product offerings along with educationthe related restrictions and training programs. Technology and tourism companies have operated in their segment without much cross-over. Independent hotels have historically had trouble getting financing and purchasing power without a large brand or management contract. IBC assists the hospitality owners and operators in these areas with a complete market place.reduction of travel after February 1, 2020.

The Trust may also compete fornot invest further in hotels, but rather diversify into investments including the $1 million investment opportunities with other entities that have greater financial resources. These entities also may generally accept more risk thanmade by the Trust can prudently manage. Competitionin December 2019 in the innovative UPI efficient clean energy power generation company. The Trust may generally reduce the number of suitable future investment opportunities availablecontinue to the Trust and increase the bargaining power of owners seeking to sell their properties.seek further diversification through a reverse merger with a larger non-public entity.

REGULATION

The Trust is subject to numerous federal, state and local government laws and regulations affecting the hospitality industry, including usage, building and zoning requirements and the laws and regulations related to the preparation and sale of food and beverage such as health and liquor license laws. A violation of any of those laws and regulations or increased government regulation could require the Trust to make unplanned expenditures which may result in higher operating costs. In addition, the Trust’s success in expanding our hotel operations depends upon its ability to obtain necessary building permits and zoning variances from local authorities. Compliance with these laws is time intensive and costly and may reduce the Trust’s revenues and operating income.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “ADA”“ADA”), all public accommodations are required to meet certain readily achievable federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. In addition to ADA work completed to date, the Trust may be required to remove additional access barriers or make unplanned, substantial modifications to its Hotels to comply with the ADA or to comply with other changes in governmental rules and regulations, or become subject to claims, fines and damage awards, any of which could reduce the number of total available rooms, increase operating costs and have a negative impact on the Trust’s results of operations.

Our hotel properties are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws that impose liability for contamination. Under these laws, governmental entities have the authority to require us, as the current or former owner of the property, to perform or pay for the clean-up of contamination (including swimming pool chemicals or hazardous substances or biological waste) at or emanating from the property and to pay for natural resource damage arising from contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the contamination. Such liability can be joint and several, so that each covered person can be responsible for all of the costs involved, even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination. We can also be liable to private parties for costs of remediation, personal injury, death and/or property damage resulting from contamination at or emanating from our hotel properties. Moreover, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner’s ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property on favorable terms or at all. Furthermore, persons who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, may be liable for costs associated with cleanup of that facility.

The Trust is also subject to laws governing our relationship with employees, including minimum or living wage requirements, overtime, working conditions and work permit requirements. There are frequent proposals under consideration, at the federal and state levels, to increase the minimum wage. Additional increases to the state or federal minimum wage rate, and employee benefit costs including health care or other costs associated with employees could increase expenses and result in lower operating margins.

Lastly, theThe Trust collects and maintains information relating to its guests for various business purposes, including maintaining guest preferences to enhance the Trust’s customer service and for marketing and promotional purposes. The collection and use of personal data are governed by privacy laws and regulations. Compliance with applicable privacy regulations may further increase the Trust’s operating costs and/or adversely impact its ability to service its guests and market its products, properties and services to its guests. In addition, non-compliance with applicable privacy regulations by the Trust (or in some circumstances non-compliance by third parties engaged by the Trust) could result in fines or restrictions on its use or transfer of data.

SEASONALITY OF THE HOTEL BUSINESS

The Hotels’ operations historically have been somewhat seasonal. The southern Arizona hotels experience theirTucson Hotel experiences its highest occupancy in the first fiscal quarter and, to a lesser extent, the fourth fiscal quarter.quarter (the winter season). The second fiscal quarter tends to be the lowest occupancy period at the southern Arizona hotels.Tucson Hotel. This seasonality pattern can be expected to cause fluctuations in the Trust’s quarterly revenues. The hotel located in New Mexico historically experience their most profitable periods during the second and third fiscal quarters (the summer season), providing some balance to the general seasonality of the Trust’s hotel business.

The seasonal nature of the Trust’s business increases its vulnerability to risks such as labor force shortages and cash flow issues. Further, if an adverse event such as an actual or threatened terrorist attack, viral outbreak or pandemic, international conflict, data breach, regional economic downturn or poor weather conditions should occur during the first or fourth fiscal quarters, the adverse impact to the Trust’s revenues could likely be greater as a result of its southern Arizona seasonal business.

OTHER AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We also make available, free of charge, on our Internet website at www.innsuitestrust.com, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”“SEC”). Information on our Internet website shall not be deemed incorporated into, or be part of, this report.

Item 1A.RISK FACTORS

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 2.PROPERTIES

The Trust maintains its administrative offices at the InnSuites Hotels Centre, at 1730 E. Northern Avenue, Suite 122, Phoenix, Arizona 85020 in a space leased by the Trust from a third party. All of theThe two Hotels are operated as InnSuites®InnSuites Hotels, while alland both Hotels are also marketed as Best Western® Hotels. All of theThe Hotels operate in the following locations:

(1) The Trust defines a renovation asIn the remodelingfiscal year ended January 31, 2019, we remodeled 100% of more than 20% of aeach property’s available suites in aand public areas. The Albuquerque Hotel added six additional suites during the fiscal year.

(2)quarter ending April 30, 2018 by splitting several two-room suites into individual suites. The Trust owns a direct 22.83%20.33% interest in the InnSuites Hotel and Suites Airport Albuquerque Best Western Hotel.

(3) The Partnership owns a 51.01% interest in the InnSuites Hotel and Suites Tucson Oracle Best Western Hotel. The Trust owns a 74.80%75.89% general partner interest in the Partnership.

(4) The Trust holds a direct 12.79% ownership interest in the InnSuites Hotels and Suites Yuma Best Western Hotel.

(5) Our InnSuites Hotel and Suites Airport Albuquerque Best Western Hotel added six additional suites during the fiscal quarter ending April 30, 2018 by splitting several two room suites into individual suites.

See “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – General” hereinbelow for a discussion of occupancy rates at the Hotels.

See Note 1110 to the Trust’s Consolidated Financial Statements – “Mortgage Notes Payable” hereinbelow for a discussion of mortgages encumbering the Hotels.

See Note 2120 to the Trust’s Consolidated Financial Statements – “Commitments and Contingencies” for a discussion of the lease for our corporate headquarters and the non-cancellable ground lease to which our Albuquerque Hotel is subject.

Item 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Trust is not a party to, nor are any of its properties subject to, any material litigation or environmental regulatory proceedings. See Note 2120 to Trust’s Consolidated Financial Statements – “Commitments and Contingencies”.

Item 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.Not Applicable.

PART II

Item 5.MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Trust’s Shares of Beneficial Interest are traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “IHT.” On May 1, 2018,June 4, 2019, the Trust had 9,764,9079,360,292 shares outstanding. As of April 24, 2018,June 4, 2019, there were 353339 holders of record of our Shares of Beneficial Interest, not including holders who hold their asset positions with banks and brokers.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices of the Trust’s Shares of Beneficial Interest, as reported on the NYSE American, as well as dividends declared thereon:

The Trust intends to maintain a conservative dividend policy to facilitate the reduction of debt, and internal growth currently is, and has, been paying $0.02 per share per fiscal year. In the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182019 and 2017,2020, the Trust paid dividends of $0.01 per share in the fourth quarter of each year. In addition, during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, the Trust paid an additional dividend of $0.01 per share at the end of the second quarter.and the fourth quarters. The Trust has paid dividends each fiscal year since its inception in 1971 and1971. The Trust has approved to pay the Trust expects comparable cash dividends will continue to be paid in the future.scheduled $0.01 dividend payable on July 31, 2020.

On January 2, 2001, the Board of Trustees approved a share repurchase program under Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the purchase of up to 250,000 Partnership units and/or Shares of Beneficial Interest in open market or privately negotiated transactions. On September 10, 2002, August 18, 2005 and September 10, 2007, the Board of Trustees approved the purchase of up to 350,000 additional Partnership units and/or Shares of Beneficial Interest in open market or privately negotiated transactions. Additionally, on January 5, 2009, September 15, 2009 and January 31, 2010, the Board of Trustees approved the purchase of up to 300,000, 250,000 and 350,000, respectively, additional Partnership units and/or Shares of Beneficial Interest in open market or privately negotiated transactions. Acquired Shares of Beneficial Interest will be held in treasury and will be available for future acquisitions and financings and/or for awards granted under the Trusts’ equity compensation plans/programs. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018,2020, the Trust acquired 150,97371,543 Shares of Beneficial Interest in open market transactions at an average price of $1.99$1.71 per share. The average price paid includes brokerage commissions. The Trust intends to continue repurchasing Shares of Beneficial Interest in compliance with applicable legal and NYSE AMERICAN requirements. The Trust remains authorized to repurchase an additional 662,117372,965 Partnership units and/or Shares of Beneficial Interest pursuant to the publicly announced share repurchase program, which has no expiration date.

See Part III, Item 12 for information about our equity compensation plans.

See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for information related to grants of restricted shares made to members of our Board of Trustees during fiscal year 2018.2020. These grants were made in reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”“Securities Act”), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2).

For stock option grants during fiscal 2018,2020, see Note 2624 to our Consolidated Financial Statements - “Stock Options.”

For the issuance of Shares of Beneficial Interest by the Trust in connection with the acquisition of International Vacation Hotels, see Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements – “Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Impairment”. This issuance was made in reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2).

For the issuance of Shares of Beneficial Interest by the Trust to Rare Earth Financial, LLC, see Note 1817 to our Consolidated Financial Statements – “Other Related Party Transactions.” These issuances were made in reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2).

Item 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

We are engaged in the ownership and operation of hotel properties. At January 31, 2018, the Trust had three moderate and full-service hotels with 424 hotel suites. All of our Hotels are branded through membership agreements with Best Western. All Hotels are trademarked as InnSuites Hotels. We are also involved in various operations incidental to the operation of hotels, such as the operation of restaurants, meeting/banquet room rentals and the operation of a reservation system.

Our operations consist of two reportable segments, hotel ownership, which derives its revenue from the operation of the Hotels and technology reservation services for approximately 2,000 unrelated hotel properties. We provide management services for the Hotels and a hotel owned by affiliates of James F. Wirth, the Trust’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. One of the affiliate hotels owned by James F. Wirth was sold in February 2017. We also provide trademark and licensing services to the Hotels, one hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth and one unrelated hotel property.

Our results are significantly affected by occupancy and room rates at the Hotels, our ability to manage costs, and changes in the number of available suites caused by acquisition and disposition activities. Results are also significantly impacted by overall economic conditions and conditions in the travel industry. Unfavorable changes in these factors could negatively impact hotel room demand and pricing, which would reduce our profit margins on rented suites. Additionally, our ability to manage costs could be adversely impacted by significant increases in operating expenses, resulting in lower operating margins. Management expects greater demand and steady supply to continue. However, either a further increase in supply or a further decline in demand could result in increased competition, which could have an adverse effect on the revenue of the Hotels in their respective markets.

Although we experienced stronger economic conditions during fiscal year 2018, we anticipate that a steady economy will exist during all of 2019. We expect the major challenge for fiscal year 2018 to be the continuation of strong competition for corporate leisure group and government business in the markets in which we operate, which may affect our ability to increase room rates while maintaining market share. We believe that we have positioned the Hotels to remain competitive through selective refurbishment, by offering a relatively large number of two-room suites at each location and by maintaining a robust complementary guest Internet access system.

Our strategic plan is to obtain the full benefit of our real estate equity and to migrate our focus from a hotel owner to a hospitality service company by expanding our trademark license, management, reservation, and advertising services, through IBC Hotels. For more information on our strategic plan, including information on our progress in disposing of our hotel properties, see “Future Positioning” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

IBC HOSPITALITY TECHNOLOGIES

InnDependent Boutique Collection (“IBC”, “IBC Hotels”, “IBC Hotels, LLC”, “IBC Hospitality” or “IBC Hospitality Technologies”), a wholly owned subsidiary of InnSuites Hospitality Trust, has a network of approximately 2,000 unrelated hospitality properties with proprietary software exclusive marketing distribution and services as well as brand-like cost savings solutions to independent boutique hotels and alternative lodging (serviced apartments, B&B’s, villas and muli-unit ownership/management of luxury private residences). Additionally, IBC provides software and solutions to a variety of branded hotels looking to increase direct bookings and receive full guest information IBC’s patent-pending loyalty program allows consumers to book highly discounted travel when logged in and shopping for lodging onwww.ivhtravel.com. IVHTravel.com and its proprietary booking engine has over 1.1 million lodging choices globally and provides add-on capability for activities, rental car and cancellation protection with airfare, all on the technologically developed roadmap in 2019.

IBC was born out of an independent hotelier’s frustration over being denied cost-effective access to enterprise hospitality services and software that served their large corporate competitors coupled with the inability to secure a global and robust guest loyalty program. Instead of giving up independence, the founders of IBC hired a development team to create the patent-pending InnDependent InnCentives guest loyalty program. With the success of the patent-pending InnCentives loyalty program IBC began adding hotel services and software specifically for independent and boutique hotels. These solutions address the following challenges: RevPAR and Profitability Optimization, Operational Management and Soft Brand Benefits. RevPAR, or revenue per available room, is a hospitality performance metric that is calculated by dividing a hotels total guestroom revenue by the room count and the number of days in the period being measured or by multiplying the average daily rate by the occupancy.

Our technology division is broken into two business lines, International Vacation Hotels Travel (“IVH”) and IBC Hospitality Technologies. Each of these divisions customer base is very different, and the services provided to each customer base ranges dramatically.

International Vacation Hotels Travel (“IVH”) Transactional Business to Consumer (“B-to-C”)

In each of the above B-to-C revenue streams, IVH provides a proprietary internet website or customized proprietary internet landing pages for each of the hotel properties. IVH’s customer base is the Guests who are booking the reservations, not the hotels that are contracted with IBC. Guests go to IBC’s managed webpages to ultimately purchase their hotel accommodations using the proprietary IBC booking engine or visitwww.ivhtravel.com or www.ibcinncentives.com. IVH obtains the guests from a variety of demand channels including direct marketing, retargeting, meta sites and direct internet searches. Guests typically book their travel accommodations on either the home page ofwww.ivhtravel.com orwww.ibcinncentives.com a customized landing page for meta-mid funnel reservations.

When guests book using the proprietary IBC booking engine either directly on ivhtravel.com or a customized landing page or website orwww.ibcinncentives.com or white label solution, IVH is the merchant of record. A merchant of record is the organization that assumes the overall liability and risk of the transaction and the financial institution holds the merchant of record liable to process the payments correctly from our guests. Per the network requirements, guests must be well aware that they are purchasing from IVH as our website branding, customized guest confirmations, reminder guest email communications, logos, privacy information, terms of use all must be clearly describing IBC/IVH policies including 24-hour reservations support.

Additionally, fraud is a significant issue in the online hospitality industry. Fraud primarily occurs when a person uses a stolen credit card or in a card not present environment. People often take time between losing a card or having one stolen, often thinking it will be found shortly. This vulnerable period gives thieves an opportunity to make several purchases before the card is cancelled. Especially in a card not present environment similar to IVH/IBC’s environment, this is when a criminal uses the phone or an online website and manually gives the credit card information. This type of transaction is more vulnerable as there is no physical identification verification.

In addition, as a value-added service, IVH provides a 24/7/365 reservation service line (602-870-6929) where guests can call, email or chat via their website with a reservations agent to answer any questions about the accommodations or reservation. Inquiries are generated from either the confirmation details provided to the guest or our website which lists our phone number, email and chat services. These inquires go directly to our IVH reservation service line, not the individual hotel properties.

IBC Business to Business (“B-to-B”)

IBC is a technology solutions provider to the global travel and tourism industry. IBC spans the breadth of the global travel ecosystem, providing key software and services to a broad range of travel suppliers and travel buyers. One of the main significant differences between our IBC Technologies division and our IVH business is that IBC Technology division’s customer is the hotel property and not the guest. IBC’s customer base is the Hotel Properties, not the guests who are staying at the hotel properties.

A summary of our IBC Hospitality Technologies and Services includes:

For an independent hotel property who does not have the technical staff or skills, marketing their hotel property on the internet can be a daunting task. IBC Hospitality Technologies provides the property a proven marketing system that will grow their online presence and drive directs reservations to the hotels website and booking engine. Online search is the most popular way for travelers to find hotels with 80% of all hotel bookings beginning with Google and other providers. IBC Digital Marketing Services provides member hotels an opportunity to be in front of travelers needing to book their hotel accommodations. The Software as a Service (“SaaS”) revenues which include CRS and digital marketing services, are billed on a monthly basis and paid for by the individual hotel properties the following month services are provided. In most cases, the full amount is collected by IBC Technologies and then a fraction is paid to the online distributor. From the hotels perspective, IBC Technologies is being paid for the online spend. How IBC Technologies fulfills this request is solely up to IBC Technologies and not up to the individual hotels.

SaaS monthly revenues include website, proprietary booking engine, loyalty rewards and a CRS. Also, these hotels receive a small amount of digital marketing retargeting and meta services included in their monthly revenue fees, when appropriate and when we can determine that an appropriate return on investment (“ROI”) will be provided.

IBC provides digital marketing services to hundreds of member hotels and growing quickly. Digital marketing services includes retargeting advertising as an example. Retargeting, also known as remarketing, is a form of online advertising that assists the IBC member hotel who has signed up for this service additional revenues by keeping the hotel in front of bounced traffic after they leave our website. For most websites, only 2% of the web traffic converts on the first visit. Retargeting is a tool designed to help hotels reach 98% of guests who don’t book their hotel accommodations on their first visit. IBC, on behalf of the contracted member hotel, purchases “clicks” from various online resources to generate additional demand for the hotel property. IBC reviews complex demographic data to target and accurately pinpoint potential guests to advertise to; thus IBC not only purchases advertising space, but also provides a value added service thru various marketing optimization methods.

IBC COMPETITION

We operate in highly competitive markets. IBC competes with several other regional and global travel marketplace providers, including other local distribution systems and direct distribution by travel suppliers. In addition to other GDSs and direct distributors, there are a number of other competitors in the travel distribution marketplace, including new entrants in the travel space that offer metasearch capabilities that direct shoppers to supplier websites and/or OTAs, third party aggregators and peer-to-peer options for travel services.Item 7A

GENERAL

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

We are engaged in the ownership and operation of hotel properties. At January 31, 2018,2020, the Trust had two moderate -service hotels in Tucson, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico with 270 hotel suites, and managed a third hotel in Tempe, Arizona. Both of our Hotels are branded through membership agreements with Best Western, and both are trademarked as InnSuites Hotels. We are also involved in various operations incidental to the operation of hotels, such as the operation of limited service restaurants and bars, and meeting/banquet room rentals.

At January 31, 2020, we owned, through our sole general partner’s interest in the Partnership, a direct 22.83%20.33% interest in the Albuquerque, New Mexico Hotel, a 12.79% direct interest in the Yuma, Arizona Hotel. At January 31, 2017, we owned through our sole general partner’s interest in the Partnership a direct 50.91% interest in the Albuquerque, New Mexico Hotel, and, a 50.24% direct interest in the Yuma, Arizona Hotel. Additionally, and at January 31, 2017, we, together with the Partnership, owned a 51.01% interest in a hotel located inthe Tucson, Arizona. On June 2, 2017,Hotel.

Our operations consist of one reportable segment – Hotel Operations & Hotel Management Services. Hotel Operations derives its revenue from the operation of the Trust’s two hotel properties with an aggregate of 270 suites in Arizona and New Mexico. Hotel management services, provides management services for the Trust’s two Hotels and a non-owned hotel in Tempe, Arizona. As part of our management services, we also provide trademark and licensing services.

Our results are significantly affected by the overall economy and travel, occupancy and room rates at the Hotels, our ability to manage costs, changes in room rates, and changes in the number of available suites caused by the Trust’s disposition activities. Results are also significantly impacted by overall economic conditions and conditions in the travel industry. Unfavorable changes in these factors, such as the virus-related travel slowdown in the fiscal year starting February 1, 2020, can and have negatively impacted hotel room demand and pricing, which reduces our profit margins. Additionally, our ability to manage costs could be adversely impacted by significant increases in operating expenses, resulting in lower operating margins and higher hourly labor costs. Either a further increase in supply or a further decline in demand could result in increased competition, which could have an adverse effect on the rates and revenue of the Hotels in their respective markets.

We experienced strong economic conditions during fiscal year 2020. We anticipate that a weak travel and hospitality industry for most of the fiscal year ending January 31, 2021 due to the COVID-19 related decline in travel. We expect the major challenge for fiscal year 2021 to be the recovery of the travel industry, and our Hotel’s occupancy levels, followed by room rates. We believe that we have positioned the Hotels to remain competitive through our now completed refurbishment(s), by offering a relatively large number of two-room suites at each location, and by maintaining robust complementary guest items, including complimentary breakfast and free Internet access.

Our strategic plan is to continue to obtain the full benefit of our real estate equity, by marketing the remaining two Hotels over the next 24 months. In addition, the Trust sold its Ontario, California hotelis seeking a larger private reverse merger partner that may benefit from a merger that would afford that partner access to an unrelated third party for approximately $17.5 million.our listing on the NYSE AMERICAN. In the process of reviewing merger opportunities in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Trust identified and invested $1 million in Unigen Power, Inc. (“Unigen”, or “UPI), a innovative efficient clean energy power generation company For more information about the disposition of the Ontario, California hotel, see Note 24on our strategic plan, including information on our progress in disposing of our Consolidatedhotel properties, see “Future Positioning” in this Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Statements - “SaleCondition and Results of Ontario Hospitality Properties, LP”.Operations.

Our expenses consist primarily of property taxes, insurance, corporate overhead, interest on mortgage debt, professional fees, depreciation of the Hotels and hotel operating expenses. Hotel operating expenses consist primarily of payroll, guest and maintenance supplies, marketing and utilities expenses. Under the terms of its Partnership Agreement, the Partnership is required to reimburse us for all such expenses. Accordingly, management believes that a review of the historical performance of the operations of the Hotels, particularly with respect to occupancy, which is calculated as rooms sold divided by total rooms available, average daily rate (“ADR”ADR”), calculated as total room revenue divided by number of rooms sold, and revenue per available room (“REVPAR”REVPAR”), calculated as total room revenue divided by number of rooms available, is appropriate for understanding revenue from the Hotels. In fiscal year 2018,2020, as compared with fiscal 2019, occupancy increased 4.45%decreased 0.20% to 74.81%80.45% from 71.62%80.65% in the prior fiscal year. ADR increased by $7.39$4.20, or 10.17%5.46%, to $80.07$81.18 in fiscal year 20182020 from $72.68$76.98 in fiscal year 2017.2019. The increasedflat/slightly decreased occupancy and increased ADR resulted in an increase in REVPAR of $7.74$2.94, or 14.79%4.71%, to $60.07$65.31 in fiscal year 20182020 from $52.33$62.37 in fiscal year 2017.2019. The increased occupancyin ADR and increased ratesREVPAR reflect an improved product and improved economy which has allowed useconomy.

For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2021, we anticipate reduced occupancy and to increase oura lesser extent lower rates while increasing our occupancy, especially in our Yuma, Arizona and Tucson, Arizona properties. We anticipate in the next few fiscal years that steady demand will exist with a significant increase in hotel room supply(ADR), resulting in additional pressure onreduced REVPAR all due to the hotel industryCOVID-19 virus-related travel/hospitality slowdown. We expect some offsetting benefit from the expected forgiveness of debt related to lower rates to maintain current occupancy levels.the Small Business Administration (SBA) Payroll Protection Program (PPP) loans.

The following table shows certain historical financial and other information for the periods indicated:

No assurance can be given that occupancy, ADR and REVPAR will not increase or decrease as a result of changes in national or local economic or hospitality industry conditions.

We enter into transactions with certain related parties from time to time. For information relating to such related party transactions see the following:

Results of operations of the Trust for the fiscal year ended January 31, 20182020 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017.2019.

Overview

A summary of total Trust operating results for the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 20172019 is as follows:

A summaryAs a result of operating results by segment for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

Our overall results in fiscal year 2018 were positively affected by a significant increase in room revenues and sale of our Ontario, California hotel property which was reduced by an increase in net operating expenses which included our growing IBC Hotels division and an increase in our income tax provision. Results were adversely affected by(see Note 25), the write-off and impairmentChief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), Mr. Wirth, CEO of IBC intangible assets.

REVENUE – CONTINUING OPERATIONS:

the Trust, has determined that the Trust operations are comprised of one reportable segment, Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead Segment(continuing operations) segment that has ownership interest in two hotel properties with an aggregate of 270 suites in Arizona and New Mexico. The Trust has a concentration of assets in the southwest United States and the southern Arizona market. Prior to the sale of IBC, the Trust had previously determined that its operations were comprised of two reportable segments, a Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment, and the IBC Hospitality segment serving 2,000 unrelated hotel properties. In connection with the sale of IBC, the historical financial information presented in this Form 10-K reflects this change with IBC being reported as discontinued operation.

The Trust has its hotel investments in the southwest region of the United States. The CODM does not review assets by geographical region; therefore, no income statement or balance sheet information by geographical region is provided.

REVENUE – CONTINUING OPERATIONS:

For the twelve months ended January 31, 2018,2020, we had total revenue of approximately $10,768,000$6,568,000 compared to approximately $9,197,000$6,169,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2017, an2019, a increase of approximately $1,571,000.$399,000, or 6.5%. In the prior fiscal years endingended January 31, 20172019 and 2016,2018, we made significant improvements to our Yuma, Arizona and Tucson, Arizona propertiesproperty which allowed us to increase rates with increased occupancy. For comparability purposes, the current fiscal year revenues do not include our Ontario, California propertyYuma, Arizona properties which was sold June 2, 2017. on October 24, 2018, and our IBC Technology Division which was sold in August of 2018.

We realized a 14.2%7.1% increase in room revenues during fiscal year 20182020 as room revenues were approximately $9,282,000$6,278,000 for the fiscal year ending January 31, 20182020 as compared to approximately $8,125,000$5,862,000 for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2017.2019. With additional hotel occupancy and changechanges in our food and beverage offerings, our food and beverage revenue increased by 50%36.0% to approximately $63,000$68,000 for fiscal year 20182020 as compared to approximately $32,000$50,000 during fiscal year 2017,2019, an increase of approximately $31,000. During fiscal year 2019, we expect improvements in occupancy, modest improvements in rates and steady food and beverage revenues.$18,000. - We also realized an approximate 32%1.2% decrease in management and trademark fee revenues during fiscal year 20182020 to approximately $200,000$170,000 as compared to approximately $296,000$172,000 during fiscal year 2017.2019. Management and trademark fee revenues decreased during fiscal year 20182020 as a result of the loss of management fees due to the sale of one of the hotels owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth in February 2017 partiallyYuma hotel, offset by increased revenues inhigher fees from the remaining hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth. On May 1, 2017, the Trust increased the managementhotels. Management fees charged from 3% toremained unchanged year on year at 5%. Management anticipated this loss of revenues as one of the two hotels owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth was sold to a third party so the management fees relating to the hotel property that was sold did not continue throughout the fiscal year ending January 31, 2018. Management is working on looking for other third-party management contracts. During fiscal year 2018,2021, we expect management and trademark fee revenues to be relatively flat and comparablelower when compared to fiscal year 20192020 management and trademark fee revenues, on reduced revenues. We realized an approximate 48% increase40% decrease in other revenues from the hotel properties during fiscal year 20182020 to approximately $111,000$51,000 as compared to approximately $75,000$85,000 during fiscal year 2017.2019.

IBC Technology Division

EXPENSES – CONTINUING OPERATIONS:

Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead Segment

Total expenses net ofbefore interest expense and income tax provision was approximately $14,880,000$8,421,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2018 reflects2020 reflecting an increase of approximately $3,065,000$947,000 compared to total expenses net ofbefore interest expense and income tax provision of approximately $11,815,000$7,474,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2017.2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in operating expenses duefor the $825,000 impairment of the IBC/Obasa Note Receivable and the effects of the adoption of ASC-842 lease accounting pronouncement in 2019. Specific expense comparisons to increased occupancy at the hotel properties.prior fiscal year are detailed in the following categories.

Room expenses consisting of salaries and related employment taxes for property management, front office, housekeeping personnel, reservation fees and room supplies were approximately $2,733,000$2,033,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 20182020 compared to approximately $2,422,000$1,941,000 in the prior year period for an increase of approximately $311,000,$92,000, or 12.8%, increase in costs.4.7% increase. Room expenses increased as occupancy at the hotels increased, and management elected to deep clean the hotel property rooms and additional expenses were incurred with the increased occupancy.occupancy

Food and beverage expenses included food and beverage costs, personnel and miscellaneous costs to provide banquet events. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018,2020, food and beverage expenses were flat atincreased approximately $91,000 as compared$37,000, or 51.4%, to approximately $91,000$109,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017. While2020, compared to approximately $72,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018. This increase is consistent with the 36% increase in food and beverage income doubled as we expandedrevenue and additional costs associated with our available products, management sourced itsimproved food from cheaper vendors and in some cases, reevaluated the hotel property’s limited food offerings to provide a better, more efficient menu.beverage offerings.

Telecommunications expense, consisting of telephone and Internet costs, increased 55%were classified as general and administrative expense for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018 which were approximately $37,0002020, as compared to the prior fiscal year ended January 31, 20172019 which were approximately $24,000. Best Western International required additional Internet bandwidth which increased our expenses and Management anticipates this will be consistent for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019.$3,000.

General and administrative expenses include overhead charges for management, accounting, shareholder and legal services. General and administrative expenses of approximately $3,001,000$2,998,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2018 increased2020, increasing approximately $133,000$664,000 from approximately $2,868,000$2,334,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 20172019 primarily due to increased bad debt expenses, credit card expenses and professional feesthe impairment of the Obasa/IBC Note Receivable of $825,000, offset by cost reductions in staffing at our hotel properties.the corporate headquarters.

Sales and marketing expense increaseddecreased approximately $108,000,$11,000, or 16.9%18.9%, to approximately $747,000$570,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 20182020 from approximately $639,000$581,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2017. Management added some additional sales and marketing resources at our properties to increase the marketing exposure in the local community which resulted in additional hotel room revenues.2019.

Repairs and maintenance expense slightly increaseddecreased by approximately $6,000$92,000, or 18.6%, from approximately $690,000$495,000 reported for the twelve months ended January 31, 20172019 compared withto approximately $696,000$403,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2018. We2020. Having completed significant property improvements at our Yuma, Arizona and Tucson, Arizona propertiesproperty during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018. We anticipate that these expenses will decrease during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019, as Management completesour repair and maintenance initiatives to ensure guests’ satisfactionexpense in the current year was significantly lower. Management believes the improvements, which complies with the increasing Best Western standards.standards, has led to improved guest satisfaction and driven revenue growth

Hospitality expense increased by approximately $55,000,$27,000, or 9.4%5.6%, from $583,000$483,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 20172019 to approximately $639,000$510,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2018.2020. The increase was primarily due to the additional occupancy at the hotel properties and the additional product mix provided during the Hotels’ complimentary breakfast and happy hour required by Best Western.

Utility expenses increased approximately $4,000by $21,000, or 5.8% to approximately $565,000$383,000 000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2020 from approximately $362,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2019. Utility increases were consistent with, and in support of, our higher revenues.

Hotel property depreciation expenses increased by approximately $57,000, or 6.7%, from approximately $845,000 reported for the twelve months ended January 31, 20182019 compared withto approximately $561,000$902,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2017.2020. Increased utility costs occurred asdepreciation resulted from the additional capital expenditures associated with the Tucson hotel improvements and, to a result of increased occupancy levelslesser extent, improvements at ourthe Albuquerque hotel, properties offset by our continued focus to decrease air-conditioning costs on vacant suites by having our housekeepers raise the temperature in vacant suites.

Hotel property depreciation expense decreased significantly as we sold our Ontario, California propertymade during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018. Hotel property depreciation expenses decreased by approximately $130,000 from approximately $1,187,000 reported for the twelve months ended January 31, 2018 compared with approximately $1,317,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2017. In the fiscal year ending January 31, 2018, the Trust recaptured the depreciation not recognized while the hotel properties were in the Discontinued Operations – Assets Held for Sale reporting classification.2019.

Real estate and personal property taxes, insurance ground rent expense decreased slightly by approximately $21,000, or 4.1%, to approximately $488,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2018 compared to approximately $509,000 for the twelve months ended January 31, 2017.

REVENUE – DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS

Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead Segment

On June 2, 2017,October 24, 2018, the Trust sold its Ontario, CaliforniaYuma, Arizona hotel to an unrelated third party for approximately $17.5$16.05 million, which the Trust received in cash. Total gain on sale was approximately $11.4$9.6 million. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, our Ontario, California2019, the Yuma, Arizona hotel had approximately $1,471,000$3,294,000 of revenue consisting of approximately $1.4$3.2 million of room and other revenues and approximately $65,000$28,000 of food and beverage revenues. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, our Ontario, California2018, the Yuma, Arizona hotel had approximately $3.85$4,125,000 of revenue, consisting of approximately $4.1 million in room and other revenues and approximately $164,000$42,000 of food and beverage revenues. We anticipated exceeding our room and food and beverage revenues forSince the Yuma hotel was sold in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, no revenue exists for the current fiscal year .

IBC Technology Segment

Our IBC Technologies Division was sold effective July 31, 2018, as compared to an unrelated party for approximately $3.0 million, for which the Trust received $250,000 in cash, carried the balance of $2,750,000 in the form of a secured note. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017 if2019 we owned the hotel propertyhad total IBC revenue of approximately $223,000. There is no revenue for the entirecurrent fiscal year.

EXPENSES – DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS

Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead Segment

For the twelve months ended January 31, 2018, we2019, IBC had approximately $2,160,000$2,808,000 of total expenses compared to approximately $4,058,000 of totalexpenses. There are no expenses for IBC in the current fiscal year ended January 31, 2017. 2020

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018,2019, our Ontario, CaliforniaYuma, Arizona hotel was owned and operated by the Trust for approximately 49 months and incurred normal routine operating expenses including approximately $942,000 rooms$1,262,000 of room expenses, approximately $66,000$36,000 food and beverage expenses, approximately $360,000$365,000 general and administrative expenses, approximately $123,000$177,000 of sales and marketing expenses, approximately $100,000$185,000 of repairs and maintenance expenses, approximately $122,000$168,000 of hospitality expenses, approximately $75,000$161,000 utilities, approximately $178,000$344,000 of depreciation, approximately $56,000$88,000 of taxes andproperty insurance and approximately $129,000 interest. Thetax expenses. There are no expenses for the Yuma, Arizona hotel for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, we had2020.

IBC Technology Segment

Total expenses of approximately $4,058,000 of total expenses$892,000 for the Ontario, California hotel which includedtwelve months ended January 31, 2019 were approximately $1,258,000 roomsfor the twelve months ended January 31, 2018. Our IBC Technologies Division was sold in August 2018.

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, our IBC Development Segment was owned and operated by the Trust for approximately 7 months and incurred normal routine operating expenses including approximately $195,000 food and beverage expenses, approximately $458,000$402,000 of general and administrative expenses, of approximately $298,000$292,000 of sales and marketing expenses, approximately $290,000$143,000 of repairs and maintenance expense, approximately $217,000 of hospitality expenses, approximately $246,000 of utility expenses, approximately $130,000 of property insurance and taxes expensesreservation acquisition costs, and approximately $699,000$50,000 of depreciation expenses.expense

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview – Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead and IBC Development Segments

Our principal source of cash to meet our cash requirements, including distributions to our shareholders, is our share of the Partnership’s cash flow, quarterly distributions from the Albuquerque, New Mexico property and Yuma, Arizona properties and more recently, sales of non-controlling interests in certain of our Hotels and the sale of hotel properties. The Partnership’s principal source of revenue is hotel operations and distributions for the one hotel property it owns in Tucson, Arizona and the proceeds from the sale of the Ontario, California property.Arizona. Our liquidity, including our ability to make distributions to our shareholders, will depend upon our ability, and the Partnership’s ability, to generate sufficient cash flow from hotel operations and to service our debt.

Hotel operations are significantly affected by occupancy and room rates at the Hotels. We anticipateDue to the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the travel and hospitality industries, and the economy in general, we are anticipating significantly lower occupancy and ADR will be steady during this coming year;year and capital improvements are expected to decrease from the prior year.year, especially in our first fiscal quarter February 1, 2020 through April 30, 2020. We expect only modest recovery in our second fiscal quarter (May-July, 2020) with continuing improvement during the remainder of the fiscal year ending January 31, 2021, as the travel and hospitality industries, and overall economy, rebound.

With approximately $5,775,000$1,200,000 of cash and short term investments as of January 31, 20182020 and the availability of a $1,000,000 related party Demand/Revolving Line of Credit/Promissory Note and the availability of our two available Advances to Affiliate credit facilities for a total of $1,000,000 maximum borrowing capacity, we believe that we will have enough cash on hand to meet all of our financial obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of the these consolidated financial statements. In addition, our management is analyzing other strategic options available to us, including raising additional funds, through additional non-controlling interest sales;increasing borrowings at either, or both, the Albuquerque and Tucson hotels and using the funds generated to pay intercompany loans due from the Tucson hotel to the Partnership of approximately $3.7 million; however, such transactions may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all.

There can be no assurance that we will be successful in refinancing debt or raising additional or replacement funds, or that these funds may be available on terms that are favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional or replacement funds, we may be required to sell certain of our assets to meet our liquidity needs, which may not be on terms that are favorable.

Net cash used in operating activities totaled approximately $1,551,000$953,000 during fiscal year 20182020 as compared to approximately $871,000 during$1,799,000 used in the prior fiscal year. Consolidated net income was approximately $6,808,000 for the year ended January 31, 2018 as compared to consolidated net loss$(1,978,000) for the fiscal year ended January 31, 20172020 as compared to consolidated net income for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019 of approximately $2,627,000.$11,106,000. Explanation of the differences between these fiscal years are explained above in the results of operations of the Trust.

Changes in the adjustments to reconcile net loss and net income for the years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, consist primarily of gain on disposal of assets, hotel property depreciation, gain on disposal of assets, and changes in assets and liabilities. Hotel property depreciation was approximately $1,469,000$902,000 during fiscal year 20182020 compared to approximately $2,094,000$1,245,000 during fiscal year 2017,2019, a decrease of $625,000$343,000 as the Trust recognized less depreciation as one of the hotel properties was sold during the fiscal year 2018. Amortization2019. There was no amortization of intangibles was approximately $933,000 during fiscal year 2018 compared to approximately $67,000 during fiscal year 2017, an increase of $866,000 as an impairment of goodwill and intangibles in its technology division existed.years 2020 or 2019.

Changes in assets and liabilities for accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses totaled approximately $547,000$91,000 and approximately ($553,000)$(296,000) for the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. This significant increase in changes in assets and liabilities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 20182020 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 20172019 was due to increaseddecreases in accounts receivables generated by IBC Hotels offset by our paydown of our accounts payablepayables and accrued expenses.liabilities.

Net cash provided by investing activities totaled approximately $4,475,000$1,305,000 for the year ended January 31, 20182020 compared to net cash used inprovided by investing activities of approximately $903,000$8,372,000 for the year ended January 31, 2017.2019. The increasedecrease in net cash provided by investing activities during fiscal year 20182020 was due to (1) the cash received fromYuma hotel sale in the sale of our Ontario, California hotel propertyprior year; and there were no hotels sold in the current year, (2) the $1.0 million investments in UniGen Power Inc. [UPI], (3) offset by the lendingslending on advances to affiliates – related party of approximately $1,956,000$75,000 during the fiscal year 20182020 as compared to approximately $880,000$776,000 for the fiscal year 2017. In addition, a significant decrease in net cash provided by investing activities occurred in fiscal year 2018 as we purchased $1.0 million of marketable securities in fiscal year 2018 and increased by $525,000 our improvements and additions to hotel properties of approximately $2,779,000 during fiscal year 2018 compared to approximately $2,254,000 during fiscal year 2017.2019.

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled approximately $1,284,000 and $385,000$99,000 compared to net cash used of $10,399,000 for the years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. The significant increasedecrease of approximately $991,000$10,498,000 was primarily due to an increasedecreases in borrowings on mortgage notes payable, borrowings on line of credit – related party, borrowings on notes payable – related party, borrowing on other notes payable, proceeds from sale of non-controlling ownership interest in subsidiaries, and sale of shares of beneficial interest offset by increases in payments on notes payable to banks, payments on line of credit – related party, payments on notes payable – related party, payments on other notes payable, payment of dividends, distributions to non-controlling interest holders, anddecreases in repurchase of treasury stock.stock; and increases in collection online of credit – related party,

Principal payments on mortgage notes payables for continuing operations was approximately $682,000$120,000 and approximately $492,000$102,000 during the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. Payments on notes payable to banks was approximately $2,429,000$170,000 and approximately $1,471,000$-0- during the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively as we paid off our mortgagemortgages on our Ontario, CaliforniaYuma, Arizona property in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, as that asset was sold. Borrowings on Mortgage Notes Payable was $5,000,000$1,400,000 and $0$-0- during the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017, respectively. We refinanced2019, respectively due to refinancing our mortgage on our Tucson, Arizona property.Albuquerque, New Mexico property in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018,2020, payments on line of credit – related party netted against borrowings on line of credit – related party was approximately $143,000$-0- of net cash usedprovided by financing activities as compared to approximately $169,000$178,000 of net cash provided by in financing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017.2019.

Payments on notes payables – related party netted against borrowings on note payable – related party was approximately $23,000$323,000 and approximately $18,000$306,000 of net cash providedused by financing activities during the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, we continued to pay off American Express merchant processing loans.

Payments on other notes payables netted against borrowings on other note payable was approximately $591,000$614,000 and $518,000$330,00 of net cash provided by financing activities during the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, we increased our debt to finance our operations.

Proceeds from sales of non-controlling ownership interests in subsidiaries increased significantlydecreased by approximately $3,454,000$102,000 as sales of non-controlling ownership interest was approximately $3,548,000$-0- for the fiscal year ended January 31, 20182020 and approximately $55,000$102,000 for the year ended January 31, 2017. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, we primarily sold additional non-controlling interests in our Yuma, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico property subsidiaries. In addition, we2019. We had sale of IHT stock of $400,000 in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2018 and no sales of our IHT stock for the fiscal yearyears ended January 31, 2017.2020 and January 31, 2019.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018,2020, our distributions to non-controlling interest holders was approximately $5,758,000$521,000 compared with approximately $697,000$9,560,117 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017. The Trust provided additional distributions to the Ontario, California non-controlling interest holders after the sale of the Ontario, California hotel property was sold.2019.

We continue to contribute to a Capital Expenditures Fund (the “Fund”) an amount equal to 4% of the InnSuites Hotels’ revenues from operation of the Hotels. The Fund is restricted by the mortgage lender for one of our properties. As of January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, there were no monies held in these accounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as “Restricted Cash.” The Fund is intended to be used for capital improvements to the Hotels and refurbishment and replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Hotels spent approximately $2,779,000$251,000 and $2,255,000,$937,000, respectively, for capital expenditures. We consider the majority of these improvements to be revenue producing. Therefore, these amounts are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. For fiscal year 20182021 capital expenditures, we plan on spending less on capital improvements as we have soldcompleted our oldestproperty improvements at our Tucson, Arizona and largest hotel which required significant amounts of capital improvements and our Ontario, California property completed a renovation during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2017.Albuquerque, New Mexico hotels. Repairs and maintenance were charged to expense as incurred and approximated $696,000$403,000 and $690,000$680,000 for fiscal years 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.

We have minimum debt payments, net of debt discounts, of approximately $1,754,000 and approximately $668,000 due during fiscal years 20192020 and 2020,2021, respectively. Minimum debt payments due during fiscal year 20192021 include approximately $254,000$161,000 of mortgage notes payable, approximately $144,000$167,000 of other notes payable secured promissory notes outstanding to bank,related parties and approximately $1,356,000$807,000 of other notes payable secured promissory notes outstanding to unrelated third parties arising from the Shares of Beneficial Interest and Partnership unit repurchases.

We may seek to negotiate additional credit facilities or issue debt instruments. Any debt incurred or issued by us may be secured or unsecured, long-term, medium-term or short-term, bear interest at a fixed or variable rate and be subject to such other terms as we consider prudent.

SALE OF OWNERSHIP INTERESTS IN ALBQUERQUE, ONTARIO, YUMA AND TUCSON SUBSIDIARIES

See Notes 3, 4 and 54 of the Trust’s Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of the sale of ownership interests in the Trust’s subsidiaries.

COMPLIANCE WITH CONTINUED LISTING STANDARDS OF NYSE AMERICAN

On September 19, 2014, the NYSE AMERICAN notified the Trust that it was not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(i) of the NYSE AMERICAN Company Guide since it reported Shareholders’ equity of less than $2.0 million at July 31, 2014 and had incurred losses in two of its three fiscal years ended January 31, 2014. The NYSE AMERICAN previously accepted the Trust’s equity expansion compliance plan and granted the Trust an extension of time until December 29, 2015 to comply with Sections 1003(a)(i), 1003(a)(ii) and 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE AMERICAN Company Guide.

On January 18, 2016, we received a letter from the NYSE AMERICAN informing us that we are no longer out of compliance with the NYSE AMERICAN continued listed standards. Specifically, we had resolved the continued listing deficiencies with respect to Sections 1003(a)(i), 1003(a)(ii) and 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE AMERICAN Company Guide. Our shareholders equity as of December 31, 2015 met the NYSE AMERICAN’s minimum requirement of $6 million.

On January 19, 2017, the Trust received a letter from the NYSE AMERICAN informing the Trust that the staff of the NYSE AMERICAN’s Corporate Compliance Department had determined that the Trust is not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE AMERICAN Company Guide due to the Trust having stockholders’ equity of less than $6.0 million and net losses from continuing operations in its five most recent fiscal years ended January 31, 2017.

The NYSE AMERICAN’s letter informed the Trust that, to maintain its listing, it must submit a plan of compliance by February 20, 2017, addressing how it intends to regain compliance with the NYSE AMERICAN’s continued listing standards within the maximum potential 18-month plan period available (the “Plan Period”“Plan Period”). Elements of the compliance plan may include the sale of one or more of its assets (management believes IHT hotels have a much lower book value than market value), sale of additional Trust stock at market value, sale of minority interest in specific hotel properties and/or anticipated continuation of the current operational upward current trends in hotel gross operating profits.

On June 2, 2017, the Trust sold its Ontario, California hotel to an unrelated third party for approximately $17.5 million, which the Trust received in cash. The Trust has recognized a gain of approximately $11.4 million on its consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018. As of January 31, 2018, the Trust Shareholders’ Equity was approximately $8.2 million which exceedsexceeding the minimum requirements of the NYSE American Company Guide. The Trust believes that IHT will regain compliance with the NYSE American Exchange prior to the end of the current fiscal year as the third fiscal quarter financial results reported herein show two consecutive fiscal quarters of shareholders equity exceeding $6.0 million.

On January 11, 2018, the Trust received a letter from the NYSE American LLC informing us that the Trust is back in compliance with all of the NYSE American LLC continued listing standards set forth in Part 10 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide. Specifically, the Trust has resolved the continued listing deficiencies with respect to Section 1003(a)(iii) of the Company Guide reference in the Exchange’s letters dated January 19, 2017. The Trust’s shareholders equity as of January 31, 2018, October 31, 2017, and July 31, 2017 exceeded $8.2 million which met the minimum requirement of $6 million. The Trust will be subject to ongoing review for compliance with NYSE American LLC requirements as part of the Exchange’s routine monitoring.

On July 1, 2020 the Trust received a letter from the NYSE American LLC informing the Trust of noncompliance with the NYSE American continued listing standards, being subject to the procedures and requirements set forth in Section 1007 of the NYSE American Company Guide. The Trust had failed to timely issue its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following non-GAAP presentations of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”EBITDA”) and funds from operations (“FFO”FFO”) are made to assist our investors in evaluating our operating performance.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, amortization of loan costs, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and non-controlling interests in the Trust. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe these measurements (a) more accurately reflect the ongoing performance of our hotel assets and other investments, (b) provide more useful information to investors as indicators of our ability to meet our future debt payments and working capital requirements, and (c) provide an overall evaluation of our financial condition. Adjusted EBITDA as calculated by us may not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define Adjusted EBITDA exactly as we define the term. Adjusted EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to (a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or (b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss attributable to controlling interests for the fiscal years ended January 31, 20182020 and 20172019 follows:

FFO is calculated on the basis defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”NAREIT”), which is net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of properties, asset impairment adjustments, and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures and non-controlling interests in the operating partnership. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. The Trust is an unincorporated Ohio real estate investment trust; however, the Trust is not a real estate investment trust for federal taxation purposes. Management uses this measurement to compare itself to REITs with similar depreciable assets. We consider FFO to be an appropriate measure of our ongoing normalized operating performance. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other companies that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to (a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or (b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in the consolidated financial statements.

A reconciliation of FFO to net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests for fiscal year ended January 31, 20182020 and 20172019 follows:

The Trust reported Consolidated Net IncomeLoss from continuing operations of approximately $6,808,000$1,978,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018 (“FY 2018”)2020 compared to Consolidated Net Loss from continuing operations of approximately $2,627,000$1,986,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017 (“FY 2017”), an improvement of approximately $9,435,000. FY 20182019. Fiscal 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Net Income and FY 2017 Consolidated Net Lossfrom continuing operations included non-cash depreciation, amortization and goodwillcurrent year one-time $825,000 note receivable impairment, of approximately $2,224,000$1,840,000 and approximately $1,463,000,$846,000, respectively. FY 2018Fiscal 2020 Consolidated Net IncomeLoss from continuing operations before non-cash depreciation, amortization and impairment of goodwill and intangible assetsnotes receivable was approximately $9,032,000. FY 2017$(138,000) as compared with $(1,184,000) for fiscal 2019. Fiscal 2020 Consolidated Net Revenues jumped approximately $1,571,000 as FY 2018 Revenuesfrom continuing operations were approximately $10,768,000$6,568,000 as compared with FY 2017fiscal 2019 Revenues of approximately $9,197,000. FY 2018$6,169,000. Fiscal 2020 Net Income Per Share was $0.71$(0.21) as compared to FY 2017with fiscal 2019 Net LossIncome Per Share of ($0.27) for an increase of $0.98 per Share.$1.20.

FUTURE POSITIONING

In viewing the hotel industry cycles, the Board of Trustees determined that 2008 may have been the high point of the current hotel industry cycle and further determined it was appropriate to actively seek buyers for our properties. We engaged the services of several hotel brokers and began independently advertising our Hotels for sale. We sold the Ontario hotel in June 2017, and the Yuma Hotel in October 2018. We continue to independently advertise and list our Hotels for sale, including on our website (www.suitehotelsrealty.com).

The table below provides book values, mortgage balances and listed asking price for the Hotels.

The listed asking price is the amount at which we would sell each of the Hotels and is based on the original listed selling price adjusted to reflect recent hotel sales in the Hotels’ areas of operation and current earnings of each of the Hotels. The listed asking price is not based on appraisals of the properties.

On August 1, 2015, we finalized and committed to a plan to sell over time our hotel properties. We listed each of the properties with a local real estate hotel broker and we believe that each of the assets areis being marketed at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. We believe that the plan to sell these assets will not likely be withdrawn. We are hopeful that the sale of these hotelour remaining two Hotel properties will occur within the next couple oftwo years, based on feedback received by our local hotel real estate property professional brokers and we have engaged hotel real estate brokers who specialize in the selling/buying hotel real estate properties for the sale of our Yuma, Arizona hotel property.Tucson and Albuquerque Hotel properties. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to sell anyeither or all of the hotelboth Hotel properties on terms favorable to us or within our expected time frame, or at all.

On June 2, 2017,

Effective October 24, 2018, the Trust sold its Ontario, Californiathe Yuma hotel to an unrelated third party for $16.05 million. With an estimated basis of approximately $17.5$4.6 million, which the Trust receivedsale resulted in cash. We used $7.2 millionthe recognition of the proceeds to satisfy its mortgage note payable on the property, approximately $263,000 to reduce accruals and payables, and retained the remaining proceeds to fund future operations and capital improvements on our remaining hotels.a significant profit after transactional costs.

Although we believe it is probable, we may be unable to realize the listed sales price for the individual Hotel properties, or to sell them at all. However, we believe that the listed values are reasonable based on local market conditions and comparable sales. Changes in market conditions have in part resulted, and may in the future result, in our changing one or all of the listed asking prices.

Our long-term strategic plan is to obtain the full benefit of our real estate equity and to migrate our focus frompursue a hotel ownermerger with another company, likely a private larger entity that seeks to a hospitality technology service company by expanding our trademark license, management, reservation, and advertising services, through InnDependent Boutique Collection (“IBC Hotels”), a wholly owned subsidiary ofgo public or list on the Trust. As of January 31, 2018, IBC Hotels provided services to approximately 2,000 hotels.NYSE AMERICAN Exchange.

We are planning expansion of IBC Hotels during the next couple of fiscal years as we continue to expand and develop our production and sales and marketing efforts. Specifically, IBC Hotels’ product development roadmap includes integration of more hotel software systems to simply use and simplify adoption of our product by the hotels, improve retention with better onboarding techniques, grow digital marketing services capabilities and revenues and continue to develop our product to meet the needs of our hotel partners. We anticipate significant expansion of our sales and marketing efforts by hiring additional personnel, seek out partnerships and acquisitions to grow our hotel user base and further monetize our loyalty program and consumer site. In addition, we paid to explore financial and strategic options for this division and hired an investment banker to assist. We anticipate the IBC Hotels sales and marketing efforts to increase our revenues and decrease our consolidated net loss over the coming fiscal years. For each reservation, IBC Hotels receives a 10% or more transactional fee plus reimbursement of our credit card processing fees associated with the reservation. We cannot provide any assurance that our plans will be successful or in line with our expectations.

SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

For information on the Trust’s Share Repurchase Program, see Part II, Item 5. “Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Other than lease commitments and legal contingencies incurred in the normal course of business, we do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities. We do not have any majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries that are not included in our consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Asset Impairment

We believe that the policies we follow for the valuation of our hotel properties, which constitute the majority of our assets, are our most critical policies. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued authoritative guidance related to the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, codified in ASC Topic 360-10-35, which we apply to determine when it is necessary to test an asset for recoverability. On an events and circumstances basis, we review the carrying value of our hotel properties. We will record an impairment loss and reduce the carrying value of a property when anticipated undiscounted future cash flows and the current market value of the property do not support its carrying value. In cases where we do not expect to recover the carrying cost of hotel properties held for use, we will reduce the carrying value to the fair value of the hotel, as determined by a current appraisal or other acceptable valuation methods. We did not recognize a hotel properties impairment loss in fiscal years 20182020 or 2017.2019. As of January 31, 2018,2020, our management does not believe that the carrying values of any of our hotel properties are impaired.

Over the past several fiscal years, theThe Trust has made significant investment in IBC Hotels, including its investment in the purchase of International Vacation Hotelsdid take a reserve for $1 million in January 2016. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, the Trust incurred approximately $1 million net operating loss from IBC Hotels. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, IBC Hotels lost approximately $1.6 million excluding the write-off of the intangible assets. After assessing the totality of events and circumstances such as those described above, including the historical losses and projected losses, the Trust determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of IBC Hotels is less than its carrying value. Accordingly, Management has decided to write down the entire amount of goodwill and intangible assetsbad debt as of January 31, 2018, as such amounts are not considered recoverable.2020 reflecting its concern with the collectability of the Obasa note receivable, related to the sale of the IBC technology segment.

Sale of Hotel Assets

On August 1, 2015, the Trust finalized and committed to a plan to sell Hotel properties. As of May 1, 2017, theThe Trust has listed Hotel properties with a local real estate hotel broker,brokers, Effective October 24, 2018, the Trust sold the Yuma hotel to an unrelated third party for $16.05 million, and managementon June 2, 2017, the Trust sold its Ontario, California hotel to an unrelated third party for approximately $17.5 million. Management believes that each of the assets isour currently-owned Hotels are listed at a priceprices that is reasonable in relation to itstheir current fair value. The Trust believes that the plan to sell these assets will not be withdrawn. Through the Trust’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on September 14, 2017, the Trust classified all the Hotel properties as Assets Held for Sale. As of October 31, 2017, the Trust has decided to reclassify these assets back into operations as many of these assets have been marketed for sale for more than one year. At this time, the Trust is unable to predict when, and if, anyeither of theseits two Hotel properties will be sold and the Trust no longer deems a sale to be probable.sold. The Trust continues to list these propertieshas listed the Tucson hotel with local real estate hotel brokers and, we believe, that each ofboth the assets isTucson and Albuquerque hotels are being marketed at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. There have been no other material changes to our basis of presentation since October 31, 2017.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) No. 2014-09.ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The core principleCustomers” is effective for reporting period after January 1, 2018. ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue through the application of Topic 606 isa five-step model, which includes identification of the contract, identification of the performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognition of revenue as the entity satisfies the performance obligations.

Revenues are primarily derived from the following sources and are recognized as services are rendered and when collectability is reasonably assured. Amounts received in advance of revenue recognition are considered deferred liabilities.

Revenues primarily consist of room rentals, food and beverage sales, management and trademark fees and other miscellaneous revenues from our properties. Revenues are recorded when rooms are occupied and when food and beverage sales are delivered. Management and trademark fees from non-affiliated hotels include a monthly accounting fee and a percentage of hotel room revenues for managing the transferdaily operations of goodsthe Hotels and services equalthe one hotel owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth.

We are required to collect certain taxes and fees from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit these back to the amount an entity expectsapplicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. We have a legal obligation to receive for those goodsact as a collection agent. We do not retain these taxes and services. This ASU requires additional disclosures aboutfees and, therefore, they are not included in revenues. We record a liability when the nature, amount, timingamounts are collected and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and estimates and changes in those estimates. Subsequentrelieve the liability when payments are made to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, FASB has issued a number of additional ASUs on Topic 606. The Trust has continued to analyze the impact of the new standards on its financial results based on an inventory of the Trust’s current contacts with customers.

The Trust has obtained an understanding of the new standard and starting February 1, 2018, the Trust will change its accounting policy to record prepaid reservations on a net basis. Starting August 1, 2017, we changed our accounting policy to record prepaid reservations on a “gross basis” which included recording an additional amount of reservation revenues equal to an additional amount of reservation acquisition expenses representing the entire amount of the guest prepaid reservation, excluding taxes and including IBC Hotels’ commission. Reservation acquisition costs included amounts owed to hotels for prepaid reservations from August 2017 – January 2018 were approximately $234,000. Previous to August 1, 2017, all prepaid reservations were recorded on a “net basis” and only the prepaid reservation commissions were included in revenues.

For recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements – “Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation”; under “Recently Issued Accounting Guidance”.

applicable taxing authority or other appropriate governmental agency.

SEASONALITY

See Item 1 for related discussion of seasonality.

INFLATION

We rely entirely on the performance of the Hotels and InnSuites Hotels’ ability to increase revenue to keep pace with inflation. Operators of hotels in general, and InnSuites Hotels in particular, can change room rates quickly, but competitive pressures may limit InnSuites Hotels’ ability to raise rates as fast as or faster than inflation.inflation

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-K, including statements containing the phrases “believes,” “intends,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will be,” “should be,” “looking ahead,” “may” or similar words, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created by such Acts. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations, those of our Board of Trustees or our officers in respect of (i) the declaration or payment of dividends; (ii) the leasing, management or operation of the Hotels; (iii) the adequacy of reserves for renovation and refurbishment; (iv) our financing plans; (v) our position regarding investments, acquisitions,dispositions, developments, financings, conflicts of interest and other matters; (vi) expansion of IBC Hotels;plans and progress regarding a reverse merger; (vii) our plans and expectations regarding future sales of hotel properties; and (viii) trends affecting our or any Hotel’s financial condition or results of operations.

These forward-looking statements reflect our current views in respect of future events and financial performance, but are subject to many uncertainties and factors relating to the operations and business environment of the Hotels that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Examples of such uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

In addition, examples of such uncertainties we specifically face in our IBC Hospitality Technologies division include, but are not limited to:

The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is currently in flux and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transmission and security of personal information by companies operating over the internet have recently come under increased public scrutiny. The U.S. Congress and federal agencies, including the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce, are reviewing the need for greater regulation for the collection and use of information concerning consumer behavior on the internet, including regulation aimed at restricting certain targeted advertising practices. U.S. courts are also considering the applicability of existing federal and state statutes, including computer trespass and wiretapping laws, to the collection and exchange of information online.

In addition, the European Court of Justice’s invalidation of the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework could make it more difficult for us to transfer data outside of the European Union for processing and the European Union’s reforms to its existing data protection legal framework, which may result in a greater compliance burden for companies, including Expedia, with users in Europe and increased costs of compliance. For example, the European Union adopted a new regulation that becomes effective in May 2018, called the General Data Protection Regulation, which requires companies to meet new requirements regarding the handling of personal data, including its use, protection and the ability of persons whose data is stored to correct or delete such data about themselves. Failure to meet these requirements could result in significant penalties. Finally, countries in other regions, most notably Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, are increasingly implementing new privacy regulations, resulting in additional compliance burdens and uncertainty as to how some of these laws will be interpreted.

We rely on information technology systems, including the internet and third-party hosted services, to support a variety of business processes and activities and to transmit and store data, including booking transactions, intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our suppliers and business partners, personally identifiable information of our guests and employees, and invoicing information and the collection of payments, accounting and procurement. In addition, we rely on our information technology systems to process financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with financial reporting, legal, and tax requirements. The risk of a cybersecurity-related attack, intrusion, or disruption, including through spyware, viruses, phishing, denial of service and similar attacks by criminal organizations, hacktivists, foreign governments, and terrorists, is persistent. We have experienced and may in the future experience system interruptions that make some or all of these systems unavailable or prevent us from efficiently fulfilling orders or providing services to third parties. These interruptions could include security intrusions and attacks on our systems for fraud or service interruption. Significant interruptions, outages or delays in our internal systems, or systems of third parties that we rely upon - including multiple co-location providers for data centers, cloud computing providers for application hosting, and network access providers - and network access, or deterioration in the performance of such systems, would impair our ability to process transactions, decrease our quality of service that we can offer to our guests, damage our reputation and brands, increase our costs and/or cause losses.

Potential security breaches to our systems or the systems of our service providers, whether resulting from internal or external sources, could significantly harm our business. We devote resources to network security, monitoring and testing, employee training, and other security measures, but there can be no guarantee that these measures will prevent all possible security breaches or attacks. A party, whether internal or external, that is able to circumvent our security systems could misappropriate guest or employee information, intellectual property, proprietary information or other business and financial data or cause significant interruptions in our operations. We may need to expend additional significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches, and a security breach resulting in the reduction of website availability could cause a loss of substantial business volume during the occurrence of any such incident. Because the techniques used to sabotage security change frequently, are often not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated or remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures. Security breaches could result in negative publicity, damage to reputation, exposure to risk of loss or litigation and possible liability due to regulatory penalties and sanctions or pursuant to our contractual arrangements with payment card processors for associated expenses and penalties. Security breaches could also cause travelers and potential users and our business partners to lose confidence in our security, which would have a negative effect on the value of our brands. Our failure to quickly respond to or adequately protect against attacks or intrusions, whether for our own systems or systems of vendors, could expose us to security breaches that could have an adverse impact on financial performance.

In addition, no assurance can be given that our backup systems or contingency plans will sustain critical aspects of our operations or business processes in all circumstances, many other systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery or business continuity planning may not be sufficient. Fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquakes, acts of war or terrorism, natural events, computer viruses, electronic intrusion attempts from both external and internal sources and similar events or disruptions may damage or impact or interrupt computer or communications systems or business processes at any time. We rely on the measures in place at our vendors to protect certain portions of our data and electronic assets, any of these events could cause system interruption, delays and loss of critical data, and could prevent us from providing services to our travelers and/or third parties for a significant period of time. In addition, any remediation efforts may be costly for which we may not have adequate insurance to cover such losses or costs. Moreover, the costs of enhancing infrastructure to attain improved stability and redundancy may be time consuming and expensive and may require resources and expertise that are difficult to obtain.

We process, store and use customer and employee personal, financial and other data, which subjects us to risks stemming from possible failure to comply with governmental regulation and other legal obligations, as well as litigation and reputational risks associated with the failure to protect such data from unauthorized use, theft or destruction. We process, store and use customer and employee personal, financial and other data obtained from users of our websites and from our administrative functions. There are numerous laws regarding the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of customer and employee personal, financial and other data, the scope of which is changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent between countries or conflict with other rules. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection. It is possible, however, that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or the practices of the companies.

Any failure or perceived failure by us, or our service providers, to comply with the privacy policies, privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or privacy related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized use, theft or destruction of such data, may result in a material loss of revenues from the potential adverse impact to our reputation and brand, our ability to retain customers or attract new customers and the potential disruption to our business and plans. In addition, such an event could result in violations of applicable U.S. and international laws, governmental enforcement actions and consumer or securities litigation. Such events could also subject us to bank fines, penalties or increased transaction costs, damage our reputation and brands, impair our relationships with current and potential business partners and key service providers, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business.

We have agreements with companies that process customer credit and debit card transactions, the volume of which continues to grow, for the facilitation of customer bookings of travel services from our travel suppliers. These processing companies may be entitled to a holdback or suspension of processing services upon the occurrence of specified events, including material adverse changes in our financial condition. An imposition of a holdback or suspension of processing services by one or more of our processing companies could materially reduce our liquidity. Moreover, there can be no assurances that the interchange rates or the fees we pay for the processing of customer credit and debit card transactions will not increase which could reduce our revenue thereby adversely affecting our business and financial performance.

In addition, credit card networks, such as Visa, MasterCard and American Express, have adopted rules and regulations that apply to all merchants who process and accept credit cards and include payment card association operating rules, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards, or the PCI DSS. Under these rules, we are required to adopt and implement internal controls over the use, storage and security of card data. We assess our compliance with the PCI DSS rules on a periodic basis and make necessary improvements to our internal controls. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, or if our data security systems are breached or compromised, we may be liable for card issuing banks’ costs, subject to fines and higher transaction fees, and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from our customers, or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our results of operations and financial positions have been negatively affected by our acceptance of fraudulent bookings made using credit and debit cards. We are sometimes held liable for accepting fraudulent bookings on our websites or other bookings for which payment is subsequently disputed by our customers both of which lead to the reversal of payments received by us for such bookings (referred to as a “charge back”). Our ability to detect and combat fraudulent schemes, which have become increasingly common and sophisticated, may be negatively impacted by the adoption of new payment methods, the emergence and innovation of new technology platforms, including smartphones, tablet computers and in-home assistants, and our global expansion, including into markets with a history of elevated fraudulent activity. In addition, for existing and future payment options we offer to our technology company customers, we may become subject to additional regulations and compliance requirements (including obligations to implement enhanced authentication processes that could result in significant costs and reduce the ease of use of our payments products), as well as fraud. If we are unable to effectively combat fraudulent bookings on our websites or if we otherwise experience increased levels of charge backs, our results of operations and financial positions could be materially adversely affected.

The payment methods that we offer also subject us to potential fraud and theft by criminals, who are becoming increasingly more sophisticated, seeking to obtain unauthorized access to or exploit weaknesses that may exist in the payment systems. If we fail to comply with applicable rules or requirements for the payment methods we accept, or if payment-related data is compromised due to a breach or misuse of data, we may be liable for costs incurred by payment card issuing banks and other third parties or subject to fines and higher transaction fees, or our ability to accept or facilitate certain types of payments may be impaired. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in certain payment types, which may result in a shift to other payment types or potential changes to our payment systems that may result in higher costs. We are regularly the target of attempted cyber and other security threats and must continuously monitor and develop our information technology networks and infrastructure to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses and other events that could have a security impact. Insider or employee cyber and security threats are increasingly a concern for all companies, including ours.

While the Trust selects these third-party vendors carefully, it does not control their actions. Any problems caused by these third parties, including those resulting from breakdowns or other disruptions in communication services provided by a vendor, failure of a vendor to handle current or higher volumes, cyber-attacks and security breaches at a vendor could adversely affect the Trust’s ability to deliver products and services to its customers and otherwise conduct its business.

We do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise except as may be required by law. Pursuant to Section 21E(b)(2)(E) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the qualifications set forth hereinabove are inapplicable to any forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K relating to the operations of the Partnership.

Item 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

All other schedules are omitted, as the information is not required or is otherwise furnished.

INNSUITES HOSPITALITY TRUST

LIST OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following consolidated financial statements of InnSuites Hospitality Trust are included in Item 8:

All other schedules are omitted, as the information is not required or is otherwise furnished.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholders and the board of trustees of InnSuites Hospitality Trust

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of InnSuites Hospitality Trust and subsidiaries (the “Trust”) as of January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the periodyear ended January 31, 2018,2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Trust as of January 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the periodyear ended January 31, 2018,2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Trust’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Trust’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Trust in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Trust is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Hall & Company Certified Public Accountants & Consultants, Inc.

We have served as the Trust’s auditor since 2015

Irvine, CA

August 14, 2020

INNSUITES HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements

INNSUITES HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements

INNSUITES HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 20182020 and 20172019