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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
   
FORM 10-K 
   
xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20142017
or
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   
Commission File Number: 001-35462 
   
Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
   
Delaware 26-4532998
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
8500 Governor’s Hill Drive
Symmes Township, OH 45249
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant'sRegistrant’s telephone number, including area code: (513) 900-5250
   
Securities registered pursuant to 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.00001 par value New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x  No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o  No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant'sregistrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large“large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer"” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "smaller reporting company"“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes o  No x
As of June 30, 20142017 (the last business day of the registrant'sregistrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $4.8$10.3 billion.
As of December 31, 2014,2017, there were 145,455,008162,595,981 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding and 43,042,82615,252,826 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.
 
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
Portions of the registrant'sregistrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 20152018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as indicated. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant'sregistrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.2017.
     
     


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VANTIV,WORLDPAY, INC.
FORM 10-K
 
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20142017
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 Page
 
 
 
 

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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the sections entitled "Management’s“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"Operations” and "Risk“Risk Factors," contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, our objectives for future operations, and any statements of a general economic or industry specific nature, are forward-looking statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Words such as "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "may," "will," "continue," "could," "should," "can“anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “will,” “continue,” “could,” “should,” “can have," "likely,"” “likely,” or the negative or plural of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe, based on information currently available to our management, may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in the "Risk Factors"“Risk Factors” section of this report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
 
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as may be required by law.


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PART I

Item 1. Business

Worldpay, Inc., formerly Vantiv, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a holding company that conducts its operations through its majority-owned subsidiary, Vantiv Holding, LLC ("(“Vantiv Holding"Holding”). Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., Vantiv Holding and their subsidiaries are referred to collectively as the "Company," "Vantiv," "we," "us"“Company,” “Worldpay,” “we,” “us” or "our,"“our,” unless the context requires otherwise.

Recent Acquisition

On January 16, 2018, we completed the previously announced acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Worldpay Group Limited, formerly Worldpay Group plc, a public limited company (“Legacy Worldpay”). Following the acquisition, we changed our name from “Vantiv, Inc.” to “Worldpay, Inc.” (“Worldpay”), by amending our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The effective date of the name change was January 16, 2018.

Business and Client Description    

VantivWorldpay is a leading payment processor differentiated by an integrateda technology platform in the U.S., breadth of distribution and superior cost structure. According to the Nilson Report, we are the third largest merchant acquirer and the largest PIN debit acquirer by transaction volumenumber of transactions in the United States. Our integratedU.S. technology platform is differentiated from our competitors'competitors’ multiple platform architectures. It enables us to efficiently provide a comprehensive suite of services to merchants and financial institutions of all sizes as well as to innovate, develop and deploy new services, while providing us with significant economies of scale. Our broad and varied distribution includes multiple sales channels, such as our direct and indirect sales forces and referral partner relationships, which provide us with a growing and diverse client base of merchants and financial institutions. We believe this combination of attributes provides us with competitive advantages that generate strong growth and profitability by enabling us to efficiently manage, update and maintain our technology, to utilize technology integration and value-added services to expand our new sales and distribution, and to realize significant operating leverage.

We offer a broad suite of payment processing services that enable our clients to meet their payment processing needs through a single provider, including in omni-channel environments that span point-of-sale, ecommerce and mobile devices. We enable merchants of all sizes to accept and process credit, debit and prepaid payments and provide them supporting value-added services, such as security solutions and fraud management, information solutions, and interchange management. We also provide mission critical payment services to financial institutions, such as card issuer processing, payment network processing, fraud protection, card production, prepaid program management, ATM driving and network gateway and switching services that utilize our proprietary Jeanie PIN debit payment network.

Merchant Services

We have a broad and diversified merchant client base. Our merchant client base includes over 500,000 merchant locations across the United States. In 2014,2017, we processed approximately 16.323 billion transactions for these merchants. Our merchant client base has low client concentration and is heavily weighted in non-discretionary everyday spend categories, such as grocery and pharmacy, and includes large national retailers, including teneleven of the top 25 national retailers by revenue in 2013.2016. We provide a comprehensive suite of payment processing services to our merchant services clients. We authorize, clear, settle and provide reporting for electronic payment transactions, as further discussed below.

Acquiring and Processing.We provide merchants with a broad range of credit, debit and prepaid payment processing services. We give them the ability to accept and process Visa, MasterCard,Mastercard, American Express, Discover and PIN debit network card transactions originated at the point of sale as well as for ecommerce and mobile transactions. This service includes all aspects of card processing, including authorization and settlement, customer service, chargeback and retrieval processing and network fee and interchange management.

Value-added Services.We offer value-added services that help our clients operate and manage their businesses including omni-channel acceptance, prepaid services and gift card solutions. We also provide security solutions such as point-to-point encryption and tokenization both at the point of sale and for ecommerce transactions.


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Financial Institution Services

Our financial institution client base is also generally well diversified and includes approximately 1,400 financial institutions, including regional banks, community banks, credit unions and regional PIN debit networks. In 2014,2017, we processed approximately 3.83.5 billion transactions for these financial institutions. We generally focus on small to mid-sized institutions with less than $15 billion in assets. Smaller financial institutions generally do not have the scale or infrastructure typical of large institutions and are more likely to outsource their payment processing needs. We provide integrated card issuer processing, payment network processing and value-added services to our financial institutions clients. These services are discussed further below.


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Integrated Card Issuer and Processing. We process and service credit, debit, ATM and prepaid transactions. We process and provide statement production, collections and inbound/outbound call centers. Our card processing solution includes processing and other services such as card portfolio analytics, program strategy and support, fraud and security management and chargeback and dispute services. We also offer processing for specialized accounts, such as business cards, home equity lines of credit and health savings accounts. We provide authorization support in the form of online or batch settlement, as well as real-time transaction research capability and archiving and daily and monthly cardholder reports for statistical analysis. Our call center handles inbound and outbound calls and billing issues for customers of our financial institution clients.

Value-added Services. We provide additional services to our financial institution clients that complement our issuing and processing services. These services include fraud protection, card production, prepaid cards, ATM driving, portfolio optimization, data analytics and card program marketing. We also provide network gateway and switching services that utilize our Jeanie PIN network. Our Jeanie network offers real-time electronic payment, network bill payment, single point settlement, shared deposit taking and customer select PINs. Our Jeanie network includes approximately 6,900 ATMs, 21 million cardholders and 640 member financial institution clients.

Integrated Technology Platform

Our integratedU.S. technology platform provides our merchant and financial institution clients with differentiated payment processing solutions and provides us with significant strategic and operational benefits. Our clients access our processing solutions primarily through a single point of service, which is easy to use and enables our clients to acquire additional services as their business needs evolve. Small and mid-sized merchants are able to easily connect to our integratedU.S. technology platform using our application process interfaces, or APIs, software development kits, or SDKs, and other tools we make available to technology partners, which we believe enhances our capacity to sell to such merchants. Our integratedU.S. technology platform allows us to collect, manage and analyze data across both our Merchant Services and our Financial Institution Services segments that we can then package into information solutions for our clients. It provides insight into market trends and opportunities as they emerge, which enhances our ability to innovate and develop new value-added services, including security solutions and fraud management, and it allows us to easily deploy new solutions that span the payment processing value chain, such as ecommerce and mobile services, which are high growth market opportunities. It is highly scalable, which enables us to efficiently manage, update and maintain our technology, increase capacity and speed, and realize significant operating leverage. We believe our integratedU.S. technology platform is a key differentiator from payment processors that operate on multiple technology platforms and provides us with a significant competitive advantage.

Sales and Marketing

Our integratedU.S. technology platform enables us to provide a comprehensive suite of services to merchants and financial institutions of all sizes. We distribute our services through multiple sales channels that enable us to efficiently and effectively target a growing and diverse client base of merchants and financial institutions. Our sales channels include direct and indirect sales forces as well as referral partner relationships within our Merchant Services and Financial Institution Services segments as described below.

Merchant Services. We distribute our comprehensive suite of services to a broad range of merchants, including difficult to reachlarge, mid-sized and small and mid-sized merchants, through multiple sales channels as further discussed below.

Direct: Includes a national sales force that targets large national merchants, a regional and mid-market sales team that sells solutions to merchants and third partythird-party reseller clients, and a telesales operation that targets small and mid-sized merchants.
Indirect: Includes Independent Sales Organizations (ISOs) that target small and mid-sized merchants.
Merchant Bank: Includes referral partner relationships with financial institutions that target their financial services customers as merchant referrals to us.
Integrated Payments (IP): Includes referral partner relationships with independent software vendors (ISVs), value-added resellers (VARs), and payment facilitators that target their technology customers as merchant referrals to us.
eCommerce: Includes a sales force that targets internet retail, online services and direct marketing merchants.

These sales channels utilize multiple strategies and leverage relationships with referral partners that sell our solutions to small and mid-sized merchants. We offer certain of our services on a white-label basis which enables them to be marketed

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under our partners' brand. We select referral partners that enhance our distribution and augment our services with complimentary offerings. We believe our sales structure provides us with broad geographic coverage and access to various industries and verticals.


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Financial Institution Services. We distribute our services by utilizing direct sales forces as well as a diverse group of referral partner relationships. These sales channels utilize multiple strategies and leverage relationships with core processors that sell our solutions to small and mid-sized financial institutions. We offer certain of our services on a white-label basis which enables them to be marketed under our client'sclient’s brand. We select resellers that enhance our distribution and augment our services with complementary offerings. Our relationships with core processors are necessary for developing the processing environments required by our financial institution clients. Many of our core processing relationships are non-contractual and continue for so long as an interface between us and the core processor is needed to accommodate one or more common financial institution customers.

Our sales teams in both Merchant Services and Financial Institution Services are paid a combination of base salary and commission. As of December 31, 2014,2017, we had overapproximately 1,000 full-time employees participating in sales and marketing, including sales support personnel. Commissions paid to our sales force are based upon a percentage of revenue from new business and cross-selling to existing clients. Residual payments to our referral partners are based upon a percentage of revenues earned from referred business. For the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, combined sales force commissions and residual payments represent approximately 68%79% of total sales and marketing expenses, or $269.9$528.0 million.

Our History and Separation from Fifth Third Bank

We have a 40 year history of providing payment processing services. We operated as a business unit of Fifth Third Bank (“Fifth Third”) until June 2009 when certain funds managed by Advent International Corporation, or Advent, acquiredwe separated as a majority interest in Fifth Third Bank's payment processing business unit with the goal of creating a separate stand-alone company. Since the separation, wecompany, established our own organization, headquarters, brand, growth strategy and completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) in March 2012. As a stand-alone company, we have made substantial investments to enhance our integrated technology platform and reorganize our business to better align it with our market opportunities and broaden our geographic footprint beyond the markets traditionally served by Fifth Third Bank.

In addition, since the separation we have made several key acquisitions.

In November 2010, we acquired NPC Group, Inc., or NPC, to substantially enhance our access to small to mid-sized merchants.
In November 2012, we acquired Litle & Co., LLC, or Litle, to increase the Company's capabilities in the ecommerceAs a result of us acquiring Legacy Worldpay on January 16, 2018, below is a description of Legacy Worldpay’s business expand its customer base of online merchants, and allow the delivery of Litle's innovative ecommerce solutions to our merchant and financial institution clients.
In July 2013, we acquired Element Payment Services, Inc., or Element, which provides us with capabilities to partner with ISVs and to increase our presence in the integrated payments channel.
In June 2014, we acquired Mercury Payment Systems, LLC, or Mercury, a payment technology and service leader whose solutions are integrated into point-of-sale software applications and will help to accelerate our growth in the integrated payments channel.

We continue to benefit from our relationship with Fifth Third Bank. Fifth Third Bank is our largest Financial Institution Services clients, one of our sponsor banks for network membership and one of our most significant referral partners of merchant services for financial institutions. Our client contract with Fifth Third Bank as well as the rationale for the acquisition.

Legacy Worldpay Business Description

Legacy Worldpay is a leader in global payments. Legacy Worldpay provides a broad range of technology-led solutions to its merchant customers to allow them to accept payments of almost any type, across multiple payment channels, nearly anywhere in the world. The fast growth of eCommerce and its increasingly international nature is making payments more complex for merchants in a number of ways, including in complying with local market regulations and practices, in minimizing the costs inherent in cross-border trade, in managing cash flows and reporting in many different currencies, in taking a large number of different payment types, and in dealing with greater threats of fraud.

Legacy Worldpay is one of the few global businesses able to address these complexities. It does so by offering functionality in most aspects of payment acceptance, whether in-store, online or on a mobile device, and granting access to a global payments network through an agile, integrated, secure, reliable and highly scalable proprietary global payments platform. Legacy Worldpay deploys this platform to optimize business outcomes for its customers, including by providing for acceptance of a greater number of payment types and opening access to new geographic markets, enabling its customers to reduce the chances of losing a potential sale, allowing them to get a single view of key customer data, and increasing transaction acceptance while protecting against fraud. Legacy Worldpay can also leverage the data gained as a result of its core payment solutions to offer payment analytics, insights on peers, industry benchmarking and additional functionality to its customers, allowing them to, for example, run loyalty schemes, guide their consumers to preferred payment types and improve their performance.

Legacy Worldpay serves a diverse set of merchants across a variety of end-markets, sizes and geographies. Globally, Legacy Worldpay also partners with innovative and fast-growing eCommerce businesses including many of the world’s most renowned and dynamic online brands.

Legacy Worldpay serves its customers through:

Global eCom - Global eCom provides a wide range of online and mobile multi-currency payment acceptance, validation and settlement services for its customer which include large and fast growing Internet-led multinationals. The vast majority of Global eCom’s customers sit within five priority industry verticals: Digital Content, Global Retail, Airlines, Regulated Gambling and Travel.

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Traditional Merchant - Legacy Worldpay serves a broad and diversified group of merchants. Legacy Worldpay’s client base primarily consists of merchant locations in the United Kingdom and the United States. Legacy Worldpay provides a comprehensive set of payment processing services to their merchants.

Our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay is consistent with our sponsorshipstrategy of investing in high growth segments of the payments market. Legacy Worldpay is a leader in the fast growing global and referral agreementscross-border eCommerce segments. By combining with Fifth Third BankLegacy Worldpay, we have terms through June 2019.expanded from our number one position in the U.S. to become the number one global acquirer with leading global and cross-border eCommerce capabilities. Together, we will be uniquely positioned to become a global payment solutions provider, powering integrated omni-commerce worldwide.

Industry Background
Electronic Payments

Over the past 60 years, electronicElectronic payments in the United States have evolved into a large and growing market with favorable secular trends that continue to increase the adoption and use of card-based payment services, such as those for credit, debit and prepaid cards.

This growth is driven by the shift from cash and checks towards card-based and other electronic paymentsforms of payment due to their greater convenience, security, enhanced services and rewards and loyalty features. We believe changing demographics and emerging trends, such as the adoption of new technologies and business models, including ecommerce, mobile commerce and prepaid services, will also continue to drive growth in electronic payments.


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Payment Processing Industry

The payment processing industry is comprised of various processors that create and manage the technology infrastructure that enables electronic payments. Payment processors help merchants and financial institutions develop and offer electronic payment solutions to their customers, facilitate the routing and processing of electronic payment transactions and manage a range of supporting security, value-added and back office services. In addition, many large banks manage and process their card accounts in-house. This is collectively referred to as the payment processing value chain.

Many payment processors specialize in providing services in discrete areas of the payment processing value chain, which can result in merchants and financial institutions using payment processing services from multiple providers. A limited number of payment processors have capabilities or offer services in multiple parts of the payment processing value chain. We provide solutions across the payment processing value chain as a merchant acquirer, payment network, and as an issuer processor, primarily by utilizing our integratedU.S. technology platform to enable our clients to easily access a broad range of payment processing services as illustrated below:


The payment processing value chain encompasses three key types of processing:
Merchant Acquiring Processing. Merchant acquiring processors sell electronic payment acceptance, processing and supporting services to merchants and third-party resellers. These processors route transactions originated by

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consumer transactions with the merchant, including in omni-channel environments that span point-of-sale, ecommerce and mobile devices, to the appropriate payment networks for authorization, known as "front-end"“front-end” processing, and then ensure that each transaction is appropriately cleared and settled into the merchant'smerchant’s bank account, known as "back-end"“back-end” processing. Many of these processors also provide specialized reporting, back office support, risk management and other value-added services to merchants. Merchant acquirers charge merchants based on a percentage of the value of each transaction or on a per transaction basis. Merchant acquirers pay the payment network processors a routing fee per transaction and pass through interchange fees to the issuing financial institution.

Payment Network Processing. Payment network processors, such as Visa, MasterCardMastercard and PIN debit payment networks, sell electronic payment network routing and support services to financial institutions that issue cards and merchant acquirers that provide transaction processing. Depending on their market position and network capabilities, these providers route credit, debit and prepaid card transactions from merchant acquiring processors to the financial institution that issued the card, and they ensure that the financial institution'sinstitution’s authorization approvals are routed back to the merchant acquiring processor and that transactions are appropriately settled between the merchant'smerchant’s bank and the card-issuing financial institution. These providers also provide specialized risk management and other value-added services to financial institutions. Payment networks charge merchant acquiring processors and issuing financial institutions routing fees per transaction and monthly or annual maintenance fees and assessments.

Issuer Card Processing. Issuer card processors sell electronic payment issuing, processing and supporting services to financial institutions. These providers authorize transactions received from the payment networks and ensure that each transaction is appropriately cleared and settled from the originating card account. These

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companies also provide specialized program management, reporting, outsourced customer service, back office support, risk management and other value-added services to financial institutions. Card processors charge issuing financial institutions fees based on the number of transactions processed and the number of cards that are managed.

Emerging Trends and Opportunities in the Payment Processing Industry

The payment processing industry will continue to adopt new technologies, develop new products and services, evolve new business models and experience new market entrants and changes in the regulatory environment. In the near-term, as merchants and financial institutions seek services that help them enhance their own offerings to consumers, including acceptance and issuance of Europay-MasterCard-VisaEuropay-Mastercard-Visa (EMV) chip-based cards, other security and fraud management services, information services, and support for omni-commerce environments, we believe that payment processors may seek to develop additional capabilities and expand across the payment processing value chain to meet these demands and capture additional data and provide additional value per transaction. To facilitate this expansion and deliver more robust service offerings, we believe that payment processors will need to develop greater control over and integration of their technology platforms, to enable them to deliver and differentiate their offerings from other providers.

We believe that emerging, alternative electronic payment technologies will be adopted by merchants and other businesses. As a result, non-financial institution enterprises, such as mobile payment providers, internet, retail and social media companies, could become more active participants in the development of these alternative electronic payment technologies and facilitate the convergence of retail, online, mobile and social commerce applications, representing an attractive growth opportunity for the industry. We believe that payment processors that have an integrated business, provide solutions across the payment processing value chain and utilize broad distribution capabilities will be best positioned to provide processing services for emerging alternative electronic payment technologies and to successfully partner with new market entrants.

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Competition

Merchant Services

Our competitors include financial institutions and well-established payment processing companies, including Bank of America Merchant Services, Chase Paymentech Solutions, Elavon Inc. (a subsidiary of U.S. Bancorp), First Data Corporation, Global Payments, Inc., Heartland Payment Systems, Inc.,and Total System Services, Inc. and WorldPay US, Inc. in our Merchant Services segment. Furthermore, we are facing new competitive pressure from non-traditional payments processors and other parties entering the payments industry, such as PayPal, Google, Apple, Alibaba, Amazon, Square, Stripe and Amazon,Adyen who may compete in one or more of the functions performed in processing merchant transactions. The most significant competitive factors in this segment are price, breadth of features and functionality, data security, system performance and reliability, scalability, service capability and brand.

Financial Institution Services

In our Financial Institution Services segment, competitors include Fidelity National Information Services, Inc., First Data Corporation, Fiserv, Inc., Total System Services, Inc. and Visa Debit Processing Service. In addition to competition with direct competitors, we also compete with the capabilities of many larger potential clients to conduct their key payment processing applications in-house. The most significant competitive factors in this segment are price, system performance and reliability, breadth of services and functionality, data security, scalability, flexibility of infrastructure and servicing capability.

Our Strategy
We plan to grow our business over the course of the next few years, depending on market conditions, by continuing to execute on the following four key strategies:

Invest in and leverage our integrated business model and technology platform to strengthen and protect our core business;
Broaden and deepen our distribution channels to grow our merchant and financial institutions client base;
Differentiate through value-added services that address evolving client demands and provide additional cross-selling opportunities, including security and fraud management, information services, ease of connection and delivery, and support for omni-channel environments; and
Enter new geographic markets through strategic partnerships or acquisitions that enhance our distribution channels, client base, and service capabilities.

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Financial Highlights

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, increased 22%13% to $2,577.24,026.5 million from $2,108.13,579.0 million in 2013.2016. Income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, decreased 11%8% to $314.7521.5 million from $352.8568.5 million in 2013.2016. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, decreased 19%35% to $169.0182.7 million from $208.1280.9 million in 2013.2016. Net income attributable to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, decreased 6%39% to $125.3130.1 million from $133.6213.2 million in 2013.2016.
    
The following tables provide a summary of the results for our two segments, Merchant Services and Financial Institution Services, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 2012.2015.
 Year Ended
December 31,


2014 2013 2012
 (dollars in thousands)
Merchant Services 
  
  
Total revenue$2,100,367
 $1,639,157
 $1,409,158
Network fees and other costs1,033,801
 801,463
 709,341
Net revenue1,066,566
 837,694
 699,817
Sales and marketing367,998
 286,200
 255,887
Segment profit$698,568
 $551,494
 $443,930
Non-financial data: 
  
  
Transactions (in millions)16,262
 13,333
 11,912
Year Ended
December 31,
Year Ended December 31,


2014 2013 20122017 2016 2015
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
Financial Institution Services 
  
  
Merchant Services 
  
  
Total revenue$476,836
 $468,920
 $454,081
$3,567,533
 $3,082,951
 $2,656,906
Network fees and other costs140,864
 133,978
 131,256
1,780,179
 1,537,072
 1,321,312
Net revenue335,972
 334,942
 322,825
1,787,354
 1,545,879
 1,335,594
Sales and marketing28,355
 25,844
 24,757
646,479
 557,942
 478,736
Segment profit$307,617
 $309,098
 $298,068
$1,140,875
 $987,937
 $856,858
Non-financial data: 
  
  
 
  
  
Transactions (in millions)3,815
 3,613
 3,450
22,747
 20,955
 18,959

Refer to "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for more details.

Regulation

Various aspects of our business are subject to U.S. federal, state and local regulation. Failure to comply with regulations may result in the suspension or revocation of licenses or registrations, the limitation, suspension or termination of services and/or the imposition of civil and criminal penalties, including fines. Certain of our services are also subject to rules set by various payment networks, such as Visa and MasterCard. Many of these regulations and rules are more fully described below.

Dodd-Frank Act

In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 was signed into law in the United States. The Dodd-Frank Act has resulted in significant structural and other changes to the regulation of the financial services industry. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, to regulate consumer financial services, including many offered by our clients.

The Dodd-Frank Act provided two self-executing statutory provisions limiting the ability of payment card networks to impose certain restrictions that became effective in July 2010. The first provision allows merchants to set minimum dollar

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 Year Ended December 31,


2017 2016 2015
 (dollars in thousands)
Financial Institution Services 
  
  
Total revenue$458,944
 $496,040
 $503,032
Network fees and other costs122,986
 137,158
 156,890
Net revenue335,958
 358,882
 346,142
Sales and marketing23,027
 24,309
 25,213
Segment profit$312,931
 $334,573
 $320,929
Non-financial data: 
  
  
Transactions (in millions)3,542
 4,018
 4,032

Refer to “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more details.

Regulation

The financial services regulatory regime affects our operations and costs. The financial services industry is highly regulated under U.S. and non-U.S. law. Federal, state, local and foreign statutes, regulations, policies and guidance are continually under review by governmental authorities. Changes in the regulatory regime, including changes in how they are interpreted, implemented or enforced, could have a material adverse effect on our business. Violations or perceived weaknesses in compliance or internal controls may result in civil or criminal enforcement action; suspension or revocation of licenses or registrations; limitation, suspension or termination of services; civil or criminal penalties, such as fines; and reputational harm. In addition to governmental regulation, certain of our services are subject to rules set by various payment networks, such as Visa and Mastercard. Many of these aspects of the regulatory regime are described in more detail below.

Licensing and Registration in Multiple Jurisdictions

Our regulatory environment varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In some U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, we are required to obtain and maintain various licenses and registrations to conduct our business. For example, in the United States, we are authorized in multiple U.S. states to engage in debt administration and debt collection activities on behalf of some of our card issuing financial institution clients through calls and letters to the debtors in those states. Our international operations and subsidiaries are subject to a range of licensing, registration and regulatory requirements under U.K., Dutch, European Union and other non-U.S. regulatory regimes. We may seek, or be required to obtain, licenses or registrations in other jurisdictions based on changes in our business or the applicable regulatory regime.

As a licensed or registered provider of financial services, we are subject to the exercise of discretionary supervisory, regulatory and enforcement powers by numerous U.S. and non-U.S. regulatory authorities. Licensing and regulatory authorities can require, among other things, the provision of detailed information covering our management, business plan, products and services, compliance, internal controls, ownership structure and financial performance. Regulators and other governmental authorities have a range of enforcement powers in the event that we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations or do not meet their guidance or supervisory expectations.

Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act) made significant structural and other changes to the regulation of the U.S. financial services industry. Those changes included important provisions affecting credit card and debit transactions.

The Dodd-Frank Act allows merchants to set minimum dollar amounts (not to exceed $10) for the acceptance of a credit card (and allows federal governmental entities and institutions of higher education to set maximum amounts for the acceptance of credit cards). The second provisionDodd-Frank Act also allows merchants to provide discounts or incentives to entice consumers to pay with cash, checks, debit cards or credit cards, as the merchant prefers.

Separately,In addition, the so-called Durbin Amendment“Durbin Amendment” to the Dodd-Frank Act provided that interchange fees that a card issuer or payment network receives or charges for debit transactions willare now be regulated by the Federal Reserve and must be "reasonable and proportional" to the cost incurred by the card issuer in authorizing, clearing and settling the transaction. In addition, the Durbin Amendment contains prohibitions on network exclusivity and merchant routing restrictions. The true impact of the Durbin Amendment on our business remains unclear.“reasonable

Banking Regulation

Fifth Third Bank beneficially owns an equity interest representing approximately 22.8% of Vantiv Holding's voting power and equity interests (through their ownership of Vantiv Holding Class B units), 18.5% of our voting interests (through their ownership of our Class B common stock) and have significant consent rights. Fifth Third Bank is an Ohio state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System and is supervised and regulated by the Federal Reserve and the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions, or ODFI. Fifth Third Bank is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Fifth Third Bancorp, which is a bank holding company, or BHC, which has elected to be treated as a financial holding company, or FHC, and is supervised and regulated by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or BHC Act.
Because of the foregoing, and in particular, Fifth Third Bank's interest in us, it may be difficult for us to engage in activities abroad or invest in a non-U.S. company. We and Fifth Third Bank may seek to engage in offshore activities through various entities and structures, each of which may require prior regulatory approval, the receipt of which cannot be assured. The Federal Reserve and the ODFI have substantial discretion in this regard. In addition to the initial filing and application requirements, the chosen entity or structure may subject Fifth Third Bank, and to a lesser extent us, to several banking law requirements and limitations.

We may not receive regulatory authority to create such an entity, or, if created, we may be unable to comply with all requirements. We will need Fifth Third Bank's cooperation to form and operate any such entity for offshore activities, and the regulatory burdens imposed upon Fifth Third Bank may be too extensive to justify its establishment or continuation. If, after the entity is formed, we or Fifth Third Bank are at any time unable to comply with any applicable regulatory requirements, the Federal Reserve or ODFI may impose additional limitations or restrictions on Fifth Third Bank's or our operations, which could potentially force us to limit the activities or dispose of the entity.

In light of the foregoing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully engage in activities abroad or invest in a non-U.S. company.

We continue to be deemed to be controlled by Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank for bank regulatory purposes and, therefore, we will continue to be subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve under the BHC Act and by the ODFI under applicable federal and state banking laws. We will remain subject to this regulatory regime until Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank are no longer deemed to control us for bank regulatory purposes, which we do not generally have the ability to control and which will generally not occur until Fifth Third Bank has significantly reduced its equity interest in us, as well as certain other factors, including the extent to which we continue to maintain material business relationships with Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank. The ownership level at which the Federal Reserve would consider us no longer controlled by Fifth Third Bank for bank regulatory purposes will generally depend on the circumstances at that time and could be less than 5%. The circumstances and other factors that the Federal Reserve will consider will include, among other things, the extent of our relationships with Fifth Third Bank, including the various agreements entered into at the time of the separation from Fifth Third Bank and the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement.

Given our current business model, regulation by the Federal Reserve and the ODFI has not historically had a material effect on our operations, our ability to make acquisitions or the implementation of our business strategy more generally. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that this will continue going forward, especially if we wish to make certain changes to our business model and related strategy. See "Item 1A - Risk Factors" below. The supervision and regulation of Fifth Third Bancorp, Fifth Third Bank and their subsidiaries under applicable banking laws is intended primarily for the protection of Fifth Third Bank's depositors, the deposit insurance fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, and the banking system as a whole, rather than for the protection of our stockholders, creditors or customers or the stockholders, creditors or customers of Fifth Third Bancorp or Fifth Third Bank.


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and proportional” to the cost incurred by the card issuer in authorizing, clearing and settling the transaction. The Durbin Amendment also contains prohibitions on network exclusivity and merchant routing restrictions.

Consumer Protection Laws and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Our business is subject to a wide range of consumer protection laws. For as long asexample, we are deemed to be controlled by Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank for bank regulatory purposes, we arealso subject to regulation, supervision, examinationthe Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and potential enforcement action by the Federal Reserve and the ODFI and to most bankingsimilar state laws regulations and orders that apply to Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank. Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank are required to file reportsin connection with the Federal Reserve and the ODFI on our behalf, and we are subject to examination by the Federal Reserve and the ODFI for the purposes of determining, among other things, our financial condition, the adequacy of our risk management and the financial and operational risks that we pose to the safety and soundness of Fifth Third Bank and Fifth Third Bancorp, and our compliance with federal and state banking laws applicable to us and our relationship and transactions with Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank. The Federal Reserve has broad authority to take enforcement actions against us if it determines that we are engaged in or are about to engage in unsafe or unsound banking practices or are violating or are about to violate a law, rule or regulation, or a condition imposed by or an agreement with, the Federal Reserve. Enforcement actions can include a variety of informal and formal supervisory actions. The formal actions include cease and desist and other orders, enforceable written agreements, and removal and prohibition orders, which can remove certain management officials from office or disallow them from further involvement in the affairs of any regulated entity. Informal actions, which in many cases will not be publicly available, include memoranda of understanding, supervisory letters, and board resolutions. For the most serious violations under federal banking laws, the Federal Reserve may impose civil money penalties and criminal penalties. Moreover, any enforcement actions taken against Fifth Third Bancorp or Fifth Third Bank may result in regulatory actions being applied to us or our activities in certain circumstances, even if the enforcement actions are unrelated to our conduct orcredit card processing business.

As a subsidiary of Fifth Third Bank for bank regulatory purposes, our activities are generally limited to those that are permissible for a national bank. These activities are generally limited to those that are part of, or incidental to, the business of banking. Payment and information processing services are expressly authorized for a national bank. Further, as a condition to Fifth Third Bank's investment in us, we are required under the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement to limit our activities to those activities permissible for a national bank. Accordingly, under the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement: (i) we are required to notify Fifth Third Bank before we engage in any activity, by acquisition, investment, organic growth or otherwise, that may reasonably require Fifth Third Bank or an affiliate of Fifth Third Bank to obtain regulatory approval, so that Fifth Third Bank can determine whether the new activity is permissible, permissible subject to regulatory approval or impermissible; and (ii) if a change in the scope of our business activities causes the ownership of our equity not to be legally permissible for Fifth Third Bank without first obtaining regulatory approvals, then we must use reasonable best efforts to assist Fifth Third Bank in obtaining the regulatory approvals, and if the change in the scope of our business activities is impermissible for Fifth Third Bank, then we will not engage in such activity.

In certain circumstances, prior approval of the Federal Reserve or the ODFI may be required before Fifth Third Bancorp, Fifth Third Bank or their subsidiaries for bank regulatory purposes, including us, can engage in permissible activities. The Federal Reserve has broad powers to approve, deny or refuse to act upon applications or notices for us to conduct new activities, acquire or divest businesses or assets, or reconfigure existing operations. Federal Reserve approval may also be required before any subsidiary for bank regulatory purposes of Fifth Third Bancorp or Fifth Third Bank, including us, engages in activities abroad or invests in a non-U.S. company.

The CFPB, created byaddition, the Dodd-Frank Act assumed mostestablished the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to regulate consumer financial services, including many of the regulatory responsibilities previously exercisedtypes of services offered by the federal banking regulators and other agencies with respect to consumer financial products and services and has additional powers granted by the Dodd-Frank Act. In addition to rulemaking authority over several enumerated federal consumer financial protection laws, the CFPB is authorized to issue rules prohibiting unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices by persons offering consumer financial products or services and those, such as us, who are service providers to such persons, and has authority to enforce these consumer financial protection laws and CFPB rules.our clients. We are subject to regulation and enforcement by the CFPB because we are an affiliate of Fifth Third Bank (which is an insured depository institution with greater than $10 billion in assets) for bank regulatory purposes and because we are a service provider to insured depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or more in connection with their consumer financial products and to entities that are larger participants in markets for consumer financial products and services such as prepaid cards. CFPB rules, examinations and enforcement actions may require us to adjust our activities and may increase our compliance costs. In addition to rulemaking authority over several enumerated federal consumer financial protection laws, the CFPB is authorized to issue rules prohibiting unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices by persons offering consumer financial products or services and those, such as us, who are service providers to such persons, and has authority to enforce these consumer financial protection laws and CFPB rules.

Collection Services State LicensingBanking Regulation

AncillaryAlthough we are not a bank, the U.S. bank regulatory regime affects our business because we provide services to our credit cardbanks. Banking regulators are authorized to examine, supervise and bring enforcement action against nonbank companies that perform services for U.S. banks. Because we provide data processing business,and other services to U.S. banks and financial institutions, we are subject to regular oversight and examination by the Fair Debt Collection Practices ActFederal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC). The FFIEC is an interagency body of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Federal Reserve), the National Credit Union Administration and various similar state laws.the CFPB. We are authorizedalso subject to review under state laws and rules governing the provision of services to U.S. banks and other financial institutions, including electronic data processing, back-office services, and use of consumer information. In addition, independent auditors annually review several of our operations to provide reports on internal controls for our clients’ auditors and regulators. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or to meet supervisory expectations, may result in 19 statesadverse action against us by regulators or by the financial institutions to which we provide services.

Our business may also be affected by banking regulation because Fifth Third Bank is an investor in us. Fifth Third Bank is a state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System. Fifth Third Bank is regulated, examined and supervised by the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions (ODFI) and the Federal Reserve. Fifth Third Bank is an indirect subsidiary of Fifth Third Bancorp, which is a bank holding company regulated, examined and supervised by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act). Depending on the facts and circumstances, a company in which a bank or bank holding company owns equity securities may be subject to banking regulation, supervision, examination and enforcement.

Following our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay, Fifth Third Bank owns less than 5% of our voting securities. At this ownership level, Fifth Third Bank is presumed not to "control" us under the statutory terms of the BHC Act. Neither the ODFI nor the Federal Reserve required us to obtain any approval, or otherwise acted to prevent, our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay. Nevertheless, in the future or in connection with other initiatives, the ODFI or Federal Reserve could assert that Fifth Third Bank's investment in, or other relationships with, us impose limitations, conditions or approval requirements under banking laws that affect our activities, investments or acquisitions. The imposition of such limitations, conditions or approval requirements could have an adverse impact on our business, such as by preventing us from pursuing an otherwise attractive acquisition or business opportunity.

In connection with our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay, we agreed with Fifth Third Bank and Fifth Third Bancorp to amend the prior framework by which we would address such circumstances. That agreed framework is set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Vantiv Holding, LLC, as amended by that certain Transaction Agreement, dated August 7, 2017, by and among the Company, Vantiv Holding, Fifth Third Bank and Fifth Third Bancorp (the Vantiv Holding LLC Agreement). Among other things, we must notify Fifth Third Bank before we engage in debt administrationany business activity (by acquisition, investment, organic growth or otherwise) that may reasonably require Fifth Third Bank or an affiliate of Fifth Third Bank to obtain regulatory approval, so that Fifth Third Bank can consider the legal permissibility of the activity and debt collection activities on behalf of some ofany required regulatory approvals, and we and Fifth Third Bank must use our card issuing financial institution clients through calls and lettersrespective reasonable best efforts to obtain any such regulatory approvals if we determine to pursue the debtors in those states. We may seek licenses in other statesbusiness activity. The Vantiv Holding LLC Agreement also includes provisions to engage in similar activities in the future.address circumstances where any such required regulatory approval is not obtained.

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Association and Network Rules

While not legal or governmental regulation, weWe are subject to the network rules of Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment networks. The payment networks routinely update and modify their requirements. On occasion, we have received notices of non-compliance and fines, which have typically related to excessive chargebacks by a merchant or data security failures. OurAlthough these network rules are not government regulations, our failure to comply with the networks'networks’ requirements or to pay the fines they impose could cause the termination of our registration and require us to stop providing payment processing services.

Privacy and Information Security Regulations

We provide services that may be subject to privacy laws and regulations of a variety of jurisdictions. Relevant federal privacy laws include the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which applies directly to a broad range of financial institutionsU.S. and indirectly, or in some instances directly, to companies that provide services to financial institutions.non-U.S. jurisdictions. These laws and regulations restrict the collection, processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal information, require notice to individuals of privacy practices and provide individuals with certain rights to prevent the use and disclosure of protected information. These laws also impose requirements for safeguarding and proper destruction of personal information through the issuance of data security standards or guidelines. For example, relevant U.S. federal privacy laws include the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which applies directly to a broad range of financial institutions and indirectly, or in some instances directly, to companies that provide services to financial institutions. In addition, there are state laws restricting the ability to collect and utilize certain types of information such as Social Security and driver'sdriver’s license numbers. CertainU.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws also impose similar privacy obligations as well asand data security requirements, which can include obligations to provide notification of security breaches of computer databases that contain personal information to affected individuals, state officers and consumer reporting agencies and businesses and governmental agencies that own data.

Processing and Back-Office Services

As a provider of electronic data processing and back-office services to financial institutions we are also subject to regular oversight and examination by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), an interagency body of the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve, the National Credit Union Administration and the CFPB. In addition, independent auditors annually review several of our operations to provide reports on internal controls for our clients' auditors and regulators. We are also subject to review under state laws and rules that regulate many of the same activities that are described above, including electronic data processing and back-office services for financial institutions and use of consumer information.

Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Regulation

Our business is subject to U.S. and non-U.S. laws governing anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing. For example, U.S. federal anti-money laundering laws and regulations, includinginclude the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, which we refer to collectively as the BSA. The BSA requires, among other things, requires money services businesses to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity and maintain transaction records.

We are also subject to certain economic and trade sanctions programs that are administered by the Treasury Department'sDepartment’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, that prohibit or restrict transactions to or from or dealings with specified countries, their governments and, in certain circumstances, their nationals, narcotics traffickers, and terrorists or terrorist organizations.

Similarorganizations, as well as similar anti-money laundering, counter terrorist financing and proceeds of crime laws applyapplicable to movements of currency and payments through electronic transactions and to dealings with personscertain specified on lists maintained by organizations similar to OFAC in several other countriespersons. We continually develop new compliance programs and which may impose specific data retention obligations or prohibitions on intermediaries in the payment process.

We have developed and are enhancing compliance programsenhance existing ones to monitor and address legal and regulatory requirements and developments.developments, including with respect to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing.

Federal Trade Commission Act and Other Laws Impacting Our and our Customers'Customers’ Business

All persons engaged in commerce, including, but not limited to, us and our merchant and financial institution customers are subject to Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act prohibiting unfair or deceptive acts or practices, or UDAP.  In addition, there are other laws, rules and or regulations, including the Telemarketing Sales Act and the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006, that may directly impact the activities of our merchant customers and in some cases may subject us, as the merchant'smerchant’s payment processor, to litigation, investigations, fees, fines and disgorgement of funds in the event we are deemed to have aided and abetted or otherwise

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provided the means and instrumentalities to facilitate the illegal activities of the merchant through our payment processing services. Various federal and state regulatory enforcement agencies including the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and the states'states’ attorneys general have authority to take action against nonbanks that engage in UDAP or violate other laws, rules and regulations and to the extent we are processing payments for a merchant that may be in violation of laws, rules and regulations, we may be subject to enforcement actions and as a result may incur losses and liabilities that may impact our business.regulations.

Prepaid Services

Prepaid card programs managed by us are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations, which may include laws and regulations related to consumer and data protection, licensing, consumer disclosures, escheat, anti-money laundering, banking, trade practices and competition and wage and employment. For example, most states require entities engaged in money transmission in connection with the sale of prepaid cards to be licensed as a money transmitter with, and subject to examination by, that jurisdiction'sjurisdiction’s banking department. In the future, we may have to obtain state licenses to expand our distribution network for prepaid cards, which licenses we may not be able to obtain. Furthermore, the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 and the Federal Reserve'sReserve’s Regulation E impose requirements on general-use prepaid cards, store gift cards and electronic gift certificates. These laws and regulations are evolving, unclear and sometimes inconsistent

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and subject to judicial and regulatory challenge and interpretation, and therefore the extent to which these laws and rules have application to, and their impact on, us, financial institutions, merchants or others is in flux. At this time we are unable to determine the impact that the clarification of these laws and their future interpretations, as well as new laws, may have on us, financial institutions, merchants or others in a number of jurisdictions.could change. Prepaid services may also be subject to the rules and regulations of Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment networks with which we and the card issuers do business. The programs in place to process these products generally may be modified by the payment networks in their discretion and such modifications could also impact us, financial institutions, merchants and others.

We are also registered with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or FinCEN, as a "money“money services business-provider of prepaid access" and are subject to examination and review by FinCEN, primarily with respect to anti-money laundering issues.access.”

Other

We are subject to the Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008, which requires information returns to be made for each calendar year by merchant acquiring entities. In addition, we are subject to U.S. federal and state unclaimed or abandoned property (escheat) laws in the United States which require us to turn over to certain government authorities the property of others we hold that has been unclaimed for a specified period of time such as account balances that are due to a merchant following discontinuation of its relationship with us.

The foregoing list of laws and regulations to which we are subject is not exhaustive, and the regulatory framework governing our operations changes continuously. The enactment of new laws and regulations may increasingly affect the operation of our business, directly and indirectly, which could result in substantial regulatory compliance costs, litigation expense, adverse publicity, the loss of revenue and decreased profitability.

Intellectual Property

We rely on a combination of intellectual property laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology and our brand. We have registered, and applied for the registration of, U.S. and international trademarks, service marks, and domain names. Additionally, we own U.S. patents and have filed U.S. and international patent applications covering certain of our proprietary technology relating to payment solutions, transaction processing and other matters. Over time, we have assembled and continue to assemble a portfolio of patents, trademarks, service marks, copyrights, domain names and trade secrets covering our products and services. Intellectual property is a component of our ability to be a leading payment services provider and any significant impairment of, or third-party claim against, our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete.

Employees

As of December 31, 2014,2017, we had 3,2993,661 employees. As of December 31, 2014,2017, this included 975928 Merchant Services employees, 11285 Financial Institution Services employees, 846931 IT employees, 790 operations1,117 Operations employees, and 576600 general and administrative employees. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that relations with our employees are good.


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Corporate Information
We are a Delaware corporation incorporated on March 25, 2009. We completed our initial public offering in March 2012 and our Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VNTV."“WP” and as of January 16, 2018, on the London Stock Exchange via a secondary standard listing under the symbol “WPY.” Our principal executive offices are located at 8500 Governor'sGovernor’s Hill Drive, Symmes Township, Ohio 45249, and our telephone number is (513) 900-4811. Our website address is www.vantiv.com.www.worldpay.com.
Available Information
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and file or furnish reports, proxy statements, and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. You can read our SEC filings over the Internet at the SEC'sSEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Our filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, also are available free of charge on the investors section of our website at http://investors.vantiv.cominvestors.worldpay.com when such reports are available on the SEC'sSEC’s website. Further corporate governance information, including our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, governance guidelines, board committee charters, and code of business conduct and ethics, is also available on the investors section of our website.
You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E.,NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public

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Reference Section at the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities. The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated into this filing or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
Our business is subject to numerous risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC. Any of these risks could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
 
Risks Related to Our Business
 
If we cannot keep pace with rapid developments, changes and changeconsolidation occurring in our industry and provide new services to our clients, the use of our services could decline, reducing our revenues.
 
The electronic payments market in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological change, new product and service introductions, including ecommerce services, mobile payment applications, and prepaid services, evolving industry standards, changing customer and consumer needs, and the entrance of non-traditional competitors.competitors and periods of increased consolidation. In order to remain competitive in this rapidly evolving market, we are continually involved in a number of projects to develop new and innovative services. These projects carry risks, such as cost overruns, delays in delivery, performance problems and lack of market acceptance of new or innovated services. Any delay in the delivery of new services or the failure to differentiate our services or to accurately predict and address market demand could render our services less desirable, or even obsolete, to our clients.
 
In addition, the new or innovated services we develop are designed to process very complex transactions and provide information on those transactions, all at very high volumes and processing speeds. Any failure to deliver reliable, effective and secure services that meet the expectations of our clients could result in increased costs and/or a loss in business and revenues that could reduce our earnings. If we are unable to develop, adapt to or access technological changes or evolving industry standards on a timely and cost effective basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

The payment processing industry is highly competitive, and we compete with certain firms that are larger and that have greater financial resources.competitive. Such competition could adversely affect the transaction and other fees we receive from merchants and financial institutions, and as a result, our margins, business, financial condition and results of operations.
The market for payment processing services is highly competitive. We compete with certain other providers of payment processing services that have significant resources and a sizable market share in the markets in which we operate. We also face competitive pressure from non-traditional payment processors and other market participants that have significant financial resources.

Our competitors include financial institutions and well-established payment processing companies, including Bank of America Merchant Services, Chase Paymentech Solutions, Elavon Inc. (a subsidiary of U.S. Bancorp), First Data Corporation, Global Payments, Inc., Heartland Payment Systems, Inc.,and Total System Services, Inc. and WorldPay US, Inc. in our Merchant Services segment, and Fidelity National Information Services, Inc., First Data Corporation, Fiserv, Inc., Total System Services, Inc. and Visa Debit Processing Service in our Financial Institution Services segment. With respect to our Financial Institutions Services segment, in addition to competition with direct competitors, we also compete with the capabilities of many larger potential clients to conduct their key payment processing applications in-house.
 
Many of our competitors also have substantially greater financial, technological and marketing resources than we have. In addition, our competitors that are financial institutions or are affiliated with financial institutions may not incur the sponsorship costs we incur for registration with the payment networks. Accordingly, these competitors may be able to offer more attractive fees to our current and prospective clients or other services that we do not provide. Competition could result in a loss of existing clients, and greater difficulty attracting new clients. Furthermore, if competition causes us to reduce the fees we charge in order to attract or retain clients, there is no assurance we can successfully control our costs in order to maintain our profit margins. One or more of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Furthermore, we are facing new competitive pressure from non-traditional payments processors and other parties entering the payments industry, such as PayPal, Google, Apple, Alibaba, Amazon, Square, Stripe and Amazon,Adyen, who may compete in one or more of the functions performed in processing merchant transactions. These companies have significant financial resources and robust networks and are highly regarded by consumers. If these companies gain a greater share of total electronic payments transactions or if we are unable to successfully react to changes in the industry spurred by the entry of these new market participants, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 

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Unauthorized disclosure of data, whether through cybersecurity breaches, computer viruses or otherwise, could expose us to liability, protracted and costly litigation and damage our reputation.
 
We have responsibility for certain third parties, including merchants, ISOs, third party service providers and other agents, which we refer to collectively as associated participants, under Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment network rules and

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regulations. We and certain of our associated participants process, store and/or transmit sensitive data, such as names, addresses, social security numbers, credit or debit card numbers, driver’s license numbers and bank account numbers, and we have ultimate liability to the payment networks and member financial institutions that register us with Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment networks for our failure or the failure of our associated participants to protect this data in accordance with payment network requirements. The loss of merchant or cardholder data by us or our associated participants could result in significant fines and sanctions by the payment networks or governmental bodies. A significant cybersecurity breach could also result in payment networks prohibiting us from processing transactions on their networks or the loss of our financial institution sponsorship that facilitates our participation in the payment networks, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

These concerns about security are increased when we transmit information over the Internet. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and are often difficult to detect. We and our associated participants have been in the past and could be in the future, subject to breaches of security by hackers. In such circumstances, our encryption of data and other protective measures have not prevented and may not prevent unauthorized access service disruption or system sabotage. Although we have not incurred material losses or liabilities as a result of security breaches we or our associated participants have experienced, any future breach of our system or an associated participant could be material and harm our reputation, deter clients and potential clients from using our services, increase our operating expenses, expose us to uninsured losses or other liabilities, increase our risk of regulatory scrutiny, subject us to lawsuits, result in material penalties and fines under state and federal laws or by the payment networks, and adversely affect our continued payment network registration and financial institution sponsorship.
 
We cannot assure you that our arrangements with associated participants will prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of data or that we would be reimbursed by associated participants in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of data. Any such unauthorized use or disclosure of data could result in protracted and costly litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Our systems and our third party providers’ systems may fail or become obsolete due to not keeping pace with technology changes or factors beyond our control, which could interrupt our service, cause us to lose business and increase our costs.
 
We depend on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of numerous systems, including our computer systems, software, data centers and telecommunications networks, as well as the systems of third parties, in order to provide services to our clients. Our systems and operations and those of our third party providers, could be exposed to damage or interruption from, among other things, fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications failure, unauthorized entry, security breach, computer viruses, defects and development delays. Our property and business interruption insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses or failures that may occur. Defects in our systems or those of third parties, errors or delays in the processing of payment transactions, telecommunications failures or other difficulties could result in loss of revenues and clients, reputational harm, additional operating expenses in order to remediate the failures, fines imposed by payment networks and exposure to other losses or other liabilities.

We may not be able to continue to expand our share of the existing payment processing markets or expand into new markets which would inhibit our ability to grow and increase our profitability.
 
Our future growth and profitability depend upon the growth of the markets in which we currently operate and our ability to increase our penetration and service offerings within these markets, as well as the emergence of new markets for our services and our ability to penetrate these new markets. It is difficult to attract new clients because of potential disadvantages associated with switching payment processing vendors, such as transition costs, business disruption and loss of accustomed functionality. We seek to overcome these factors by making investments to enhance the functionality of our software and differentiate our services. However, there can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful, and this resistance may adversely affect our growth.

Our expansion into new markets is also dependent upon our ability to adapt our existing technology and offerings or to develop new or innovative applications to meet the particular service needs of each new market. In order to do so, we will need to anticipate and react to market changes and devote appropriate financial and technical resources to our development efforts, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts.

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Furthermore, in response to market developments, we may continue to expand into new geographical markets and foreign countries in which we do not currently have any operating experience. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully expand incontinue such markets or internationallyexpansion efforts due to our lack of experience and the multitude of risks associated with global operations or lack of appropriate regulatory approval. In addition, for purposes

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Table of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or the BHC Act, we are deemed to be a subsidiary of Fifth Third Bank. For so long as we continue to be considered a subsidiary of a bank, we may only engage in activities that are permissible for the bank to engage in directly. This range of activities may limit our ability to acquire other businesses, enter into other strategic transactions or expand into foreign countries.Contents



 
Any acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures that we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.
 
Acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures are part of our growth strategy. We evaluate, and expect in the future to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of, and partnerships or joint ventures with, complementary businesses, services or technologies. However, we may not be able to successfully identify suitable acquisition, partnership or joint venture candidates in the future. In addition, for so long as we continue to be considered a subsidiary of a bank under the BHC Act andregulators may assert that an acquisition or other relevant federal and statecorporate initiative is inconsistent with applicable banking laws we face restrictions under such laws with respectand regulations or is subject to the activities we may conduct.These activities and restrictions maylimitations or approval requirements. Such limitations or approval requirements could limit our ability to acquire other businesses or enter into other strategic transactions. Pursuant to the Fifth Third Bank consent rights in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement, for so long as such rights remain applicable, Fifth Third Bank’s approval is required for acquisitions and incurrences of indebtedness by us based on certain thresholds.

If we do enter into acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures, they may not provide us with the benefits we anticipate. We may not be able to successfully integrate any businesses, services or technologies that we acquire or with which we form a partnership or joint venture, or comply with applicable regulatory requirements. Furthermore, the integration of any acquisition, including our recent acquisitions, may divert management’s time and resources from our core business and disrupt our operations. Certain partnerships and joint ventures we make may also prevent us from competing for certain clients or in certain lines of business. To the extent we pay the purchase price of any acquisition in cash, it would reduce our cash reserves, and to the extent the purchase price is paid with our stock, it could be dilutive to our stockholders. To the extent we pay the purchase price with proceeds from the incurrence of debt, it would increase our already high level of indebtedness and could negatively affect our liquidity and restrict our operations.

If we fail to comply with the applicable requirements of the Visa, MasterCardMastercard or other payment networks, those payment networks could seek to fine us, suspend us or terminate our registrations through our financial institution sponsors. Fines could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, and if these registrations are terminated, we may not be able to conduct our business.
 
In order to provide our transaction processing services, we are registered through our bank sponsorships with the Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment networks as service providers for member institutions. We and many of our clients are subject to payment network rules. If we or our associated participants do not comply with the payment network requirements, the payment networks could seek to fine us, suspend us or terminate our registrations. We have occasionally received notices of noncompliance and fines, which have typically related to excessive chargebacks by a merchant or data security failures on the part of a merchant. If we are unable to recover fines from or pass through costs to our merchants or other associated participants, we would experience a financial loss. The termination of our registration, or any changes in the payment network rules that would impair our registration, could require us to stop providing payment network services to the Visa, MasterCardMastercard or other payment networks, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Changes in payment network rules or standards could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Payment network rules are established and changed from time to time by each payment network as they may determine in their sole discretion and with or without advance notice to their participants. In some cases, payment networks compete with us, and their ability to modify and enhance their rules in their sole discretion may provide them an advantage in selling or developing their own services that may compete directly or indirectly with our services. Any changes in payment network rules or standards or the way they are implemented could increase our cost of doing business or limit our ability to provide transaction processing services to or through our clients and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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If we cannot pass along to our merchants increases in interchange and other fees from payment networks, our operating margins would be reduced.

We pay interchange, assessment, transaction and other fees set by the payment networks to the card issuing financial institution and the payment networks for each transaction we process. From time to time, the payment networks increase the interchange fees and other fees that they charge payment processors and the financial institution sponsors. At their sole discretion, our financial institution sponsors have the right to pass any increases in interchange and other fees on to us and they have consistently done so in the past. We are generally permitted under the contracts into which we enter, and in the past we have been able to, pass these fee increases along to our merchants through corresponding increases in our processing fees. However, if we are unable to pass through these and other fees in the future, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on
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If our agreements with financial institution sponsors and clearing service providers in order to process electronic payment transactions. If these sponsorshipstransactions are terminated or clearing services are terminatedotherwise expire and we are unable to renew existing or secure new sponsors or clearing service providers, we will not be able to conduct our business.

The Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment network rules require us to be sponsored by a member bank in order to process electronic payment transactions. Because we are not a bank, we are unable to directly access these payment networks. We are currently registered with the Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment networks through Fifth Third Bank and other sponsor banks. Our current agreement with Fifth Third Bank expires in June 2019. Furthermore, ourDecember 2024. These agreements with Fifth Third Bank and other sponsors give them substantial discretion in approving certain aspects of our business practices, including our solicitation, application and qualification procedures for merchants and the terms of our agreements with merchants. Our financial institution sponsors’ discretionary actions under these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also rely on Fifth Third Bank and various other financial institutions to provide clearing services in connection with our settlement activities. If ourWithout these sponsorships or clearing services agreements, are terminated and we are unable to secure another bank sponsor or clearing service provider, we willwould not be able to process Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment network transactions or settle transactions which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, our financial results could be adversely affected if our costs associated with such sponsorships or clearing services agreements increase.
 
Increased merchant, financial institution or referral partner attrition and decreased transaction volume could cause our revenues to decline.
 
We experience attrition and declines in merchant and financial institution credit, debit or prepaid card processing volume resulting from several factors, including business closures, consolidations, loss of accounts to competitors, account closures that we initiate due to heightened credit risks, and reductions in our merchants'merchants’ sales volumes. Our referral partners, many of which are not exclusive, such as merchant banks, ISVs, VARs, payment facilitators, ISOs and trade associations are strong contributors to our revenue growth in our Merchant Services segment. If an ISO or referral partner switches to another transaction processor, shuts down or becomes insolvent, we will no longer receive new merchant referrals from the ISO or referral partner, and we risk losing existing merchants that were originally enrolled by the ISO or referral partner. We cannot predict the level of attrition and decreased transaction volume in the future and our revenues could decline as a result of higher than expected attrition, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
We are subject to economic and political risk, the business cycles and credit risk of our clients and the overall level of consumer, business and government spending, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
The electronic payments industry depends heavily on the overall level of consumer, business and government spending. We are exposed to general economic conditions that affect consumer confidence, consumer spending, consumer discretionary income or changes in consumer purchasing habits. A sustained deterioration in general economic conditions, particularly in the United States, or increases in interest rates may adversely affect our revenues by reducing the number or average purchase amount of transactions made using electronic payments that we process. Furthermore, if economic conditions cause credit card issuers to tighten credit requirements, the negative effects on the use of electronic payments could be exacerbated. Since we have a certain amount of fixed and semi-fixed costs, including rent, debt service, processing contractual minimums and salaries, our ability to quickly adjust costs and respond to changes in our business and the economy is limited. As a result, changes in economic conditions could adversely impact our future revenues and profits.


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In addition, a sustained deterioration in economic conditions could affect our merchants through a higher rate of closures or bankruptcies, resulting in lower revenues and earnings for us. In addition, our merchants and other associated participants are liable for any charges properly reversed by the card issuer on behalf of the cardholder and for any fines or penalties that may be assessed by payment networks. In the event that we are not able to collect such amounts from the associated participants, due to closure, insolvency or other reasons, we may be liable for any such charges.
 
Fraud by merchants or others could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
We face potential liability for fraudulent electronic payment transactions initiated by merchants or other associated participants. Examples of merchant fraud include when a merchant or other party knowingly accepts payment by a stolen or counterfeit credit, debit or prepaid card, card number or other credentials records a false sales transaction utilizing a stolen or counterfeit card or credentials, processes an invalid card, or intentionally fails to deliver the merchandise or services sold in an

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otherwise valid transaction. In the event a dispute between a cardholder and a merchant is not resolved in favor of the merchant, the transaction is normally charged back to the merchant and the purchase price is credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. Failure to effectively manage risk and prevent fraud would increase our chargeback liability or other liability. In addition, beginning October 2015, merchants that cannot process EMV chip-based cards are held financially responsible for certain fraudulent transactions conducted using such cards. This will likely increase the amount of risk for merchants who are not yet EMV-compliant and could result in us having to seek increased chargebacks from such merchants. Increases in chargebacks or other liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
A decline in the use of credit, debit or prepaid cards as a payment mechanism for consumers or adverse developments with respect to the payment processing industry in general could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
If consumers do not continue to use credit, debit or prepaid cards as a payment mechanism for their transactions or if there is a change in the mix of payments between cash, alternative currencies and technologies, credit, debit and prepaid cards, or the corresponding methodologies used for each, which is adverse to us, it could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We believe future growth in the use of credit, debit and prepaid cards and other electronic payments will be driven by the cost, ease-of-use, and quality of services offered to consumers and businesses. In order to consistently increase and maintain our profitability, consumers and businesses must continue to use electronic payment methods including, credit, debit and prepaid cards. Moreover, if there is an adverse development in the payments industry in general, such as new legislation or regulation that makes it more difficult for our clients to do business, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
 
If Fifth Third Bank fails or is acquired by a third party, it could place certain of our material contracts at risk, decrease our revenue, and transfer the ultimate voting power of Fifth Third Bank’s stock ownership in us (including any shares of Class A common stock that may be issued in exchange for Fifth Third Bank’s units in Vantiv Holding) to a third party.
Fifth Third Bank accounted for approximately 3% and 4%less than 2% of our revenue during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively,2017 and is the provider of the services under our Clearing, Settlement and Sponsorship Agreement, Referral Agreement and Master Services Agreement. If Fifth Third Bank were to be placed into receivership or conservatorship, it could jeopardize our ability to generate revenue and conduct our business.
If Fifth Third Bank were to be acquired by a third party, it could affect certain of our contractual arrangements with them. For instance, in the event of a change of control or merger of Fifth Third Bank, our Clearing, Settlement and Sponsorship Agreement and our Referral Agreement provide that Fifth Third Bank may assign the contract to an affiliate or successor, in which case we would not have the right to terminate the contract regardless of such assignee’s ability to perform such services. Our Master Services Agreement provides that Fifth Third Bank would be in default under the agreement upon a change of control, in which case we would have the right to terminate the agreement effective upon 60 daysdays’ notice to Fifth Third Bank unless the surviving entity assumes Fifth Third Bank’s obligation and the level of fees paid to us pursuant to the Master Services Agreement remains equal or greater than fees paid to us prior to the change of control. In addition, the acquiring company may choose to terminate the terms of such contracts, requiring us to litigate if we believe such termination is not pursuant to contract terms, and find alternative clients, counterparties or sponsorships. The added expense of litigation and the inability to find suitable substitute clients or counterparties in a timely manner would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, such an acquisition would place in the hands of the acquiring third party the voting power of Fifth Third Bank’s stock ownership in Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. (including any shares of Class A common stock that may be issued in exchange for Fifth Third Bank’s units in Vantiv Holding) and, in some circumstances, certain of Fifth Third Bank’s consent rights in Vantiv, Inc. and Vantiv Holding.. We may not have a historical relationship with the acquiring party, and the acquiring party may be a competitor of ours or provide many of the same services that we provide. The acquiring party may vote its shares of our common stock or units or exercise its consent rights in a manner adverse to us and our other stockholders.
Our risk management framework may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure against all types of risks.
Our risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and loss to us. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, manage and report our risks. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to our risk management strategies such that there could be risks that we cannot anticipate or identify. If our risk management framework were to become ineffective, we could experience unexpected losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We and our clients are subject to extensive government regulation. Violations, perceived weaknesses in compliance or internal controls, or changes in the regulatory regime or industry standards may have an unfavorable impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

Our business is impacted by numerous laws, regulations, regulatory guidance and examinations that affect us and our industry, many of which are discussed under “Item 1. Business - Regulation.” The regulatory regime is evolving and subject to

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Our risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure against all types of risks.
Our risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective to identify, monitor and manage our risks. Some of our risk evaluation methods depend upon information provided by others and public information regarding markets, clientsnew or other matters that are otherwise inaccessible by us. In some cases, however, that information may not be accurate, complete or up-to-date. If our policies and procedures are not fully effective or we are not always successful in capturing all risks to which we are or may be exposed, we may suffer harm to our reputation or be subject to litigation or regulatory actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to extensive government regulation, and any newchanging laws and regulations, industry standards or revisions made to existingas well as changes in the way exiting laws and regulations or industry standards affecting the electronic payments industryare interpreted and other industries in which we operate may have an unfavorable impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is impacted by numerous laws, regulations and examinations that affect us and our industry, many of which are discussed under "Item 1. Business - Regulation." In addition, the number of new and proposed regulations has increased significantly in recent years, particularly pertaining to interchange fees on credit and debit card transactions, which are paid to the card issuing financial institution. In July 2010, Congress passedenforced. For example, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, which significantly changed financial regulation. Changes affecting the U.S. payment processing industry includeby restricting amounts of debit card fees that certain issuing financial institutions can charge merchants and allowing merchants to set minimum dollar amounts for the acceptance of credit cards and offer discounts for different payment methods. While the impact of these restrictions, examinationsThese and other regulatory changes on our business and industry is difficult to determine, they could negatively affect our business in a variety of ways including the number of debit transactions, and prices charged per transaction.

In the future, due to applicable law and regulation, we may have to seek and obtain stateadditional licenses to expand our distribution network for prepaid cards.in various jurisdictions. If we fail or are unable to comply with these requirements, our clients (or in certain instances, we) could be subject to the imposition of fines, or other penalties or enforcement-related actions which may impact our ability to offer our credit issuer processing services, prepaid or other related services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because our business is highly regulated, it is very important to our business that our operations, policies and procedures comply with applicable laws, regulations and related requirements. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or our failure to adapt to changes in applicable laws and regulations,the regulatory regime, industry standards, or a materialsocial expectations of corporate fairness, could increase our costs or result in our compliance andenforcement, litigation, or other costs as a result of regulatory changes,governmental action against us, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, any failure to comply with lawsoperations, and regulations, even if inadvertent, as well as rapidly evolving social expectations of corporate fairness, could damage our business or our reputation.

Governmental regulations designed to protect or limit access to consumer information could adversely affect our ability to effectively provide our services to merchants.
 
Governmental bodies in the United States and abroad have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, laws and regulations restricting the transfer of, and requiring safeguarding of, non-public personal information. For example, in the United States, all financial institutions must undertake certain steps to ensure the privacy and security of consumer financial information. Although we have limited our use of consumer information solely to providing services to other businesses and financial institutions, we are required by regulations and contracts with our merchants and financial institution clients to provide assurances regarding the confidentiality and security of non-public consumer information. These contracts require periodic audits by independent companies regarding our compliance with industry standards and also allow for similar audits regarding best practices established by regulatory guidelines. The compliance standards relate to our infrastructure, components and operational procedures designed to safeguard the confidentiality and security of non-public consumer personal information shared by our clients with us. Our ability to maintain compliance with these standards and satisfy these audits will affect our ability to attract and maintain business in the future. If we fail to comply with these regulations or requirements, we could be exposed to suits for breach of contract or to governmental proceedings. In addition, our client relationships and reputation could be harmed, and we could be inhibited in our ability to obtain new clients. IfFurthermore, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which becomes effective in May 2018, requires companies to meet new requirements regarding the handling of personal data and substantially increases the penalties for non-compliance. Our GDPR compliance efforts could cause us to incur significant expenses, and if more restrictive privacy laws or rules are adopted by authorities in the future on the federal or state level, our compliance costs may increase, our opportunities for growth may be curtailed by our compliance capabilities or reputational harm and our potential liability for security breaches may increase, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
  

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For purposes of federal and state banking laws, we are deemed to be controlled by Fifth Third Bank and Fifth Third Bancorp, and as such we are subject to supervision and examination by federal and state banking regulators, and our activities are limited to those permissible for Fifth Third Bank and Fifth Third Bancorp. We may therefore be restricted from engaging in new activities or businesses, whether organically or by acquisition. We are also subject to supervision and examination by the Federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
As of December 31, 2014, Fifth Third Bank owned an equity interest representing approximately 22.8% of the voting and economic equity interest of Vantiv Holding and 18.5% of the voting interest in Vantiv, Inc.
We and Vantiv Holding historically have been, and are currently, deemed to be controlled by Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank and are therefore considered to be a subsidiary of Fifth Third Bank for purposes of relevant federal and state banking laws. We are therefore subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve and the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions, or the ODFI. We will remain subject to regulation and examination until Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank are no longer deemed to control us for bank regulatory purposes. The BHC Act and relevant federal and state banking laws and regulations include different thresholds for regulatory purposes to define control as compared to GAAP requirements, and as a result, Fifth Third Bancorp does not consolidate Vantiv Holding for financial reporting purposes. For financial reporting purposes, we have consolidated the results of Vantiv Holding due to our ownership of a majority voting ownership interest in Vantiv Holding.
For as long as we are deemed to be controlled by Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank for bank regulatory purposes, we are subject to regulation, supervision, examination, and potential enforcement action by the Federal Reserveauthority of banking regulators and the ODFICFPB because we provide services to banks and other financial institutions. Our failure to mostcomply with applicable banking laws, regulationsor our failure to meet supervisory expectations of the banking regulators or CFPB, could result in adverse regulatory action against us and orderslimit our activities or ability to execute corporate initiatives. In addition, banking regulators could also assert that apply to Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank. Any restrictions placed on Fifth Third Bancorp orour relationship with Fifth Third Bank as a result of any supervisory actions may also restrict us orcauses our business to be subject to limits on our activities in certain circumstances, even if these actions are unrelatedor future corporate initiatives.

Because we provide data processing and other services to our conduct or business. Further, as long as we are deemed to be controlled by Fifth Third Bank, our activities are limited to those that are permissible for Fifth Third Bank to engage in, which include activities that are part of, or incidental to, the business of banking. Accordingly,U.S. banks, we are subject to a covenant in the Amendedregular oversight and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement that is intended to facilitate complianceexamination by Fifth Third Bank with relevant federal and state banking laws.
In addition, new activities that we may wish to commence in the future may not be permissible for us under relevant federal or state banking laws, or may require prior regulatory approvals. More generally, the Federal Reserve has broad powers to approve, deny or refuse to act upon applications or notices for us to conduct new activities, acquire or divest businesses or assets, or reconfigure existing operations.

Because of the foregoing limitations, and in particular, Fifth Third Bank’s interest in us, it may be difficult for us to engage in activities abroad or invest in a non-U.S. company. We and Fifth Third Bank may seek to engage in offshore acquisitions and activities through various regulatory structures and entities, each ofFinancial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), which will generally require prior regulatory approval. The Federal Reserve and the ODFI would therefore have substantial discretion as to whether any such regulatory structures or entities could be utilized, whether we would be permitted to operate or invest in a non-U.S. company, and under what conditions such structures or entitiescould operate.
In light of the foregoing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully engage in activities abroad or invest in a non-U.S. company. Any activities or other regulatory restrictions or approval requirements applicable to us as a result of our affiliation for bank regulatory purposes with Fifth Third Bancorp and Fifth Third Bank may inhibit our expansion into new markets or new business lines and may limit our ability to acquire other businesses or enter into other strategic transactions, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to regulation and enforcement by the CFPB because we are an affiliate of Fifth Third Bank (which is an insured depository institution with greater than $10 billion in assets) for bank regulatory purposes and becauseinter-agency body of federal banking regulators. Because we are a service provider to insured depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or more in connection with their consumer financial products and to entities that are larger participants in markets for consumer financial products and services such as prepaid cards. CFPB rulescards, we are subject to regulation and examinationsenforcement by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Our business may requirealso be affected by banking regulation because Fifth Third Bank is an investor in us. Banking regulators could assert that Fifth Third Bank's investment in, or other relationships with, us to adjustimpose limitations, conditions or approval requirements affecting our activities, and may increase our compliance costs, whichinvestments or acquisitions. The imposition of such limitations, conditions or approval requirements could have an adverse effectimpact on our business, financial conditionsuch as by preventing us from pursuing an otherwise attractive acquisition or business opportunity. We have agreed with Fifth Third Bank to a framework for addressing

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any such limitations, conditions or approval requirements. See the section above entitled “Banking Regulation” for a more detailed discussion of such framework.

The banking regulators and resultsCFPB have broad discretion in the implementation, interpretation and enforcement of operations.banking and consumer protection laws. Our failure to comply with these laws, or our failure to meet the supervisory expectations of the banking regulators or CFPB, could result in adverse action against us. The regulators have the power to, among other things, enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices; require affirmative actions to correct any violation or practice; issue administrative orders that can be judicially enforced; direct the sale of subsidiaries or other assets; and assess civil money penalties.
 
Changes in tax laws or their interpretations, or becoming subject to additional international, U.S., state or local taxes that cannot be passed through to our merchants, could reduce our net income.
 

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We are subject to tax laws in each jurisdiction where we do business. Changes in tax laws or their interpretations could decrease the amount of revenues we receive, the value of any tax loss carryforwards and tax credits recorded on our balance sheet and the amount of our cash flow, and have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, companies in the electronic payments industry, including us, may become subject to incremental taxation in various tax jurisdictions. Taxing jurisdictions have not yet adopted uniform positions on this topic. If we are required to pay additional taxes and are unable to pass the tax expense through to our merchants, our costs would increase and our net income would be reduced.

The costs and effects of pending and future litigation, investigations or similar matters, or adverse facts and developments related thereto, could materially affect our business, financial position and results of operations.
 
We are involved in various litigation matters and from time to time may be involved in governmental or regulatory investigations or similar matters arising out of our current or future business. Our insurance or indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that we will be successful in defending ourselves in pending or future litigation or similar matters under various laws. Should the ultimate judgments or settlements in any pending litigation or future litigation or investigation significantly exceed our insurance coverage, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
We may not be able to successfully manage our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.
 
We rely on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary technology. Third parties may challenge, invalidate, circumvent, infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to permitprovide us to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provideany competitive advantages, which could result in costly redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain service offerings or other competitive harm. Others, including ourOur competitors maycould also independently develop similar technology, duplicate our services or design around our intellectual property, and in such cases we could not assert our intellectual property rights against such parties.property. We may be forced to litigate to enforce or determine the scope and enforceability of our intellectual property rights, trade secrets and know-how, which is expensive, could cause a diversion of resources and may not prove successful. Also, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, aspects of our business and our services rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms or at all. The loss of intellectual property protection or the inability to obtain third party intellectual property could harm our business and ability to compete.
 
We may also be subject to costly litigation in the event our services and technology infringe upon or otherwise violate a third party’s proprietary rights. Third parties mayrights, or if a third party claims we have or may eventually be issued, patents that could be infringed by our services or technology. Any of these third parties could make a claim of infringement against us with respect to our services or technology. We may also be subject to claims by third parties for breach ofbreached their copyright, trademark, license usage or other intellectual property rights. Any claim from third parties may result in a limitation on our ability to use the intellectual property subject to these claims. Additionally, in recent years,we could be required to defend against individuals and groups who have been purchasing intellectual property assets for the sole purpose of making claims of infringement and attempting to extract settlements from companies like ours. Even if we believe that intellectual property related claims are without merit, defending against such claims is time consuming and expensive and could result in the diversion of the time and attention of our management and employees. Claims of intellectual property infringement also might require us to redesign affected services, enter intopay costly settlement or license agreements, pay costly damage awards, or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibitingprevent us from marketing or selling certain of our services. If we cannot redesign affected services or do not license the infringed technology on reasonable terms or substitute similar technology from another source, our revenue and earnings could be adversely impacted.
 
Finally, we use open source software in connection with our technology and services. Companies that incorporate open source software into their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. Somesoftware, which we use in connection with our technology and services. Despite our efforts to prevent it from occurring, we could be required to by some of our open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor the use of open source software in our technology and services and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code to the related technology or service, such use could inadvertently occur and anyAny requirement to disclose our proprietary source code could be harmful to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 

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If we lose key personnel or are unable to attract, recruit, retain and develop qualified employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
    
We are dependent upon the ability and experience of a number of our key personnel who have substantial experience with our operations, the rapidly changing payment processing industry and the selected markets in which we offer our services. The loss of the services of one or a combination of our senior executives or key managers, including Charles D. Drucker, our chief executive officer, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, in order for us to successfully compete and grow, we must attract, recruit, retain and develop the necessary personnel who can provide the needed expertise across the entire spectrum of our intellectual capital needs. We have hired significant numbers of new personnel in recent years and must continue to hire additional personnel to execute our strategic plans. However, the market for qualified personnel is competitive, and we may not succeed in recruiting additional personnel or may fail to effectively replace current personnel who depart. Failure to retain or attract key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Our operating results are subject to seasonality, which could result in fluctuations in our quarterly net income.
 
We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenues as a result of consumer spending patterns. Historically our revenues have been strongest in our fourth quarter, and weakest in our first quarter. This is due to the increase in the number and amount of electronic payment transactions related to seasonal retail events.
 
We may need to raise additional funds to finance our future capital needs, which may prevent us from growing our business.
 
We may need to raise additional funds to finance our future capital needs, including developing new services and technologies, and to fund ongoing operating expenses. We also may need additional financing earlier than we anticipate if we, among other things:
are required to pay significant settlements or fines;
repurchase our common stock; or
finance Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.’s purchase of Class B units of Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third Bank upon the exercise of its right to put its Class B units of Vantiv Holding to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. in exchange for cash to the extent that we decide to purchase rather than exchange such units for Class A common stock.
 
If we raise additional funds through the sale of equity securities, these transactions may dilute the value of our outstanding Class A common stock. In addition, any issuance of securities constituting more than 20% of the total of our outstanding common stock, with certain limited exceptions, and incurrences of indebtedness that cause us to fail to meet a specified leverage ratio are subject to the consent rights of Fifth Third Bank set forth in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. We may also decide to issue securities, including debt securities that have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our Class A common stock. Any debt financing would increase our already high level of indebtedness and could negatively affect our liquidity and restrict our operations. We may be unable to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us or at all. If financing is not available or is not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to fund our future needs. This may prevent us from increasing our market share, capitalizing on new business opportunities or remaining competitive in our industry.
  
We have a long sales cycle for many of our services, and if we fail to close sales after expending significant time and resources to do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
 
The initial installation and set-up of many of our services often involve significant resource commitments by our clients, particularly those with larger operational scale. Potential clients generally commit significant resources to an evaluation of available services and require us to expend substantial time (six to nine months is not uncommon), effort and money educating them as to the value of our services. We incur substantial costs in order to obtain each new customer. We may expend significant funds and management resources during a sales cycle and ultimately fail to close the sale. Our sales cycle may be extended due to our clients’ budgetary constraints or for other reasons. If we are unsuccessful in closing sales after expending significant funds and management resources or we experience delays, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 

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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Organizational Structure

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of our variable rate debt and prevent us from meeting our debt obligations.
    
We have a high level of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2014,2017, we had total indebtedness of $3.4$5.7 billion. For the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, total payments under our annual debt service obligations, including interest and principal, were approximately $151$253 million. Subsequent to the closing of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, we had total indebtedness of approximately $8.3 billion. Our high degree of leverage could have significant negative consequences, including:
increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry or competitive developments;
requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities;
exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates because certain of our borrowings, including our borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest;
making it more difficult for us to comply with the obligations of our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, which could result in an event of default under the agreements governing such indebtedness;
restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;
making it more difficult for us to obtain payment network sponsorship and clearing services from financial institutions;
limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, product development, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; and
limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage prevents us from exploiting.
 
TheAs of the closing of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition mentioned above, the majority of our indebtedness consists of indebtedness under our senior secured credit facilities consisting of a $3.8 billion term AA-5 loan which matures in 2019 and2023, a $179 million term BA-3 loan which matures in 2021.2021, a $1.8 billion term B-4 loan which matures in 2024, and a $757 million term B-3 loan which matures in 2023. Our indebtedness also consists of $1.1 billion senior unsecured notes due in 2025 and a $613 million senior unsecured note due in 2022 (See Note 21 - Subsequent Events from Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion). We may not be able to refinance our senior secured credit facilities or any other indebtedness because of our high level of debt, debt incurrence restrictions under our debt agreements or because of adverse conditions in credit markets generally.

Despite our high indebtedness level, we still may be able to incur significant additional amounts of debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness. Although our senior secured credit facilities contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and under certain circumstances, the amount of indebtedness that could be incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. For example, we may incur up to $425 million$1.25 billion of additional debt pursuant to an incremental facility under our senior secured credit facilities, subject to certain terms and conditions.

Our use of derivative financial instruments may not be successful in managing our interest rate risks and could result in material financial losses by us.

From time to time,To the extent that we have sought to reducehedge our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, through the use of interest rate hedging arrangements. To the extent that we hedge our interest rate exposures, we forgo the benefits we would otherwise experience if interest rates were to change in our favor. Developing an effective strategy for dealing with movements in interest rates is complex, and no strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with such fluctuations. In addition, a counterparty to the arrangement could default on its obligation, thereby exposing us to credit risk. Further, we may have to repay certain costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs, if we terminate these arrangements. Finally, our interest rate risk management activities could expose us to substantial losses if interest rates move materially differently from management'smanagement’s expectations. As a result, we cannot assure that our interest rate hedging arrangements will effectively manage our interest rate sensitivity or have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition.

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Our balance sheet includes significant amounts of goodwill and intangible assets. The impairment of a significant portion of these assets would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 

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Our balance sheet includes goodwill and intangible assets that represent 68%56% of our total assets at December 31, 2014.2017. These assets consist primarily of goodwill and customer relationship intangible assets associated with our acquisitions. WeAdditional acquisitions would also expect to engage in additional acquisitions, which may result in our recognition of additional goodwill and intangible assets. As a result of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition we will add a significant amount of additional goodwill and customer relationships to our balance sheet. Under current accounting standards, we are required to amortize certain intangible assets over the useful life of the asset, while goodwill is not amortized. On at least an annual basis, we assess whether there have been impairments in the carrying value of goodwill and certain intangible assets. If the carrying value of the asset is determined to be impaired, then it is written down to fair value by a charge to operating earnings. An impairment of a significant portion of goodwill or intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
We are party to tax receivable agreements and the amounts we may be required to pay under these agreements are expected to be significant. In certain cases, payments under the tax receivable agreements may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the tax receivable agreements.
 
We are party to tax receivable agreements with Fifth Third Bank. One provides for the payment by us to Fifth Third Bank(“TRAs”) as further described in “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 85%Financial Condition and Results of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that we actually realize as a result of the increases in tax basis that may result from the purchase of Vantiv Holding units from Fifth Third Bank or from the future exchange of units by Fifth Third Bank for cash or shares of our Class A common stock, as well as the tax benefits attributable to payments made under such tax receivable agreement. Any actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of our income. The other tax receivable agreement provides for the payment by us to Fifth Third Bank of 85% of the amount of cash savings according to Fifth Third Bank's respective ownership interests in Vantiv Holding immediately prior to our initial public offering, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that NPC actually realizes as a result of its use of its NOLs and other tax attributes.

Simultaneously and in connection with the completion of the Mercury acquisition, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the "Mercury TRA") with pre-acquisition owners of Mercury ("Mercury TRA Holders"). The Mercury TRA generally provides for the payment by us to the Mercury TRA Holders of 85% of the value of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company actually realizes as a result of the increase in tax basis of the assets of Mercury and the use of the net operating losses and other tax attributes of Mercury.

Operations.” The payments we will be required to make under these tax receivable agreementsTRAs are expected to be substantial. As of December 31, 2014,2017, we have a liability recorded of approximately $772$780.6 million associated with the tax receivable agreements.TRAs. Because payments under the TRAs are determined based on realized cash savings resulting from the underlying tax attributes, a period of declining profitability would result in a corresponding reduction in our TRA payments.payments, except in certain specified circumstances where we may be required to make payments in excess of such cash savings. We will incur additional liabilities in connection with any future purchases by us of units in Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third Bank or from the future exchange of units by Fifth Third Bank for cash or shares of our Class A common stock. If Fifth Third Bank had exchanged its remaining Class B units of Vantiv Holding all for shares of Class A common stock whichon December 31, 2017, we cannot quantify at this timewould have recorded an additional full and which will likely be significant.undiscounted TRA obligation of approximately $350.0 million. This estimate is subject to material change based on changes in Fifth Third Bank’s tax basis in the partnership interest, changes in tax rates, or significant changes in our stock price.  It is possible that future transactions or events, including changes in tax rates, could increase or decrease the actual tax benefits realized and the corresponding tax receivable agreementTRA payments. There may be a material adverse effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, distributions to us by Vantiv Holding are not sufficient to permit us to make payments under the tax receivable agreements.TRAs.
  
The tax receivable agreementsTRAs provide that, upon certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combination or certain other changes of control, our obligations to make payments with respect to tax benefits would be based on certain assumptions, including that we would have sufficient taxable income to fully use the NOLs or deductions arising from increased tax basis of assets. As a result, upon a merger or other change of control, we could be required to make payments under the tax receivable agreementsTRAs that are greater than 85% of our actual tax savings.
 
We may elect to terminate any or all of the remaining tax receivable agreementsTRAs prior to the time they terminate in accordance with their terms.terms, or enter into repurchase addendums providing for the early settlement of certain obligations. If we were to so elect, or if we materially breach a material obligation in the tax receivable agreementsTRAs and we do not cure such breach within a specified time period, we would be required to make an immediate payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future tax benefits taken into account under the tax receivable agreements.TRAs. In these circumstances, the anticipated future tax benefits would be determined under certain assumptions that in general assume that we would recognize the greatest amount of benefits at the earliest time. As a result, the payments we would be required to make could exceed 85% of the tax savings that we actually realize from the increased tax basis and/or the NOLs, and we could be required to make those payments significantly in advance of the time the tax savings arise.

If the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, challenges the tax basis increases or NOLs that give rise to payments under the tax receivable agreementsTRAs and the tax basis increases or NOLs are subsequently disallowed, our payments under the

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tax receivable agreements TRAs could exceed our actual tax savings, and we may not be able to recoup payments under the tax receivable agreementsTRAs that were calculated on the assumption that the disallowed tax savings were available.
 

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We are a holding company and our principal assets are our interests in Vantiv Holding, and we depend on dividends, distributions and other payments from Vantiv Holding to meet any existing or future debt service and other obligations and to pay dividends, if any, and taxes and other expenses.
 
We are a holding company and conduct all of our operations through Vantiv Holding and its subsidiaries. We have no material assets other than our ownership of units of Vantiv Holding. The Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement contains consent rights that effectively require Fifth Third Bank’s approval of all distributions paid by Vantiv Holding, other than certain permitted distributions, which generally relate to the payment of tax distributions and tax-related obligations. To the extent that we need funds and Vantiv Holding is restricted from making such distributions to us under applicable law or regulation, as a result of Fifth Third Bank’s consent rights at Vantiv Holding, or by the terms of Vantiv Holding’s indebtedness, or Vantiv Holding is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our liquidity and, consequently, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations are subject to certain consent rights and other rights in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement.
Significant, non-ordinary course actions relating to the operations of Vantiv Holding are subject to the consent rights of Fifth Third Bank in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. Subject to certain specified thresholds and exceptions, these consent rights relate to, among other things, change of control transactions, acquisitions, dispositions, incurrences of indebtedness, investments, equity issuances, dividends, transactions with affiliates, changes to Vantiv Holding’s business plan, capital expenditures, hiring or firing of auditors, material tax elections, and changes in constituent documents or governance of our subsidiaries. Such consent rights lapse upon Fifth Third disposing in excess of 50% of its equity stake in us that it held immediately following our initial public offering. As a result of Fifth Third’s sales of our common stock during 2012, 2013 and 2014, it has sold approximately 48.7% of such equity stake. While such consent rights remain in effect, to the extent that the interests of Fifth Third Bank differ from those of us or the holders of our Class A common stock, Fifth Third Bank’s ability to consent to certain significant actions may have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Fifth Third bank has interests that could present potential conflicts with our and our other stockholders’ interests.
Fifth Third Bank may pursue, for its own accounts, business line or acquisition opportunities that may be similar or complementary to our business, and as a result, those opportunities may not be available to us. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions renouncing any interest or expectancy held by our directors affiliated with Fifth Third Bank in certain corporate opportunities. Accordingly, the interests of Fifth Third Bank may supersede ours, causing it or its affiliates to compete against us or to pursue opportunities instead of us, for which we would have no recourse. Such actions on the part of Fifth Third Bank and inaction on our part could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Some provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may deter third parties from acquiring us and diminish the value of our Class A common stock.
 
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide for, among other things: 
restrictions on the ability of our stockholders to call a special meeting and the business that can be conducted at such meeting; 
prohibition on the ability of our stockholders to remove directors elected by the holders of our Class A common stock without cause;
our ability to issue additional shares of Class A common stock and to issue preferred stock with terms that the board of directors may determine, in each case without stockholder approval (other than as specified in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation);
the absence of cumulative voting in the election of directors;
supermajority approval requirements for amending or repealing provisions in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

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a classified board of directors;
a prohibition on action by written consent of stockholders; and
advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations.
 
These provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company that is in the best interest of our stockholders. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock if they are viewed as discouraging future takeover attempts. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to nominate directors for election to our board of directors and take other corporate actions.

 Risks Related to the Ownership of our Class A Common Stock
 
Future sales of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Class A common stock could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.
 
Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could and adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2014,2017, we had 145,455,008162,595,981 shares of Class A common stock outstanding. Subject to compliance with applicable documentation, which includes the Exchange Agreement, and may include the Warrant, Fifth Third Bank could acquire up to 63,420,85315,252,826 shares of our Class A common stock.  Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, Fifth Third Bank is entitled to certain demand and “piggyback” registration rights and any shares of our Class A common stock that are sold by Fifth Third Bank pursuant to such a registration would become eligible for sale in the public market without restriction.  In addition, we have filed registration statements on Form S-8 relating to an aggregate of 37,250,51939,750,519 shares of our Class A common stock that we have issued or may issue in the future pursuant to employee benefit plans. These shares may be sold in the public market upon issuance and once vested, subject to the terms of the equity incentive plan and applicable award agreements.

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Failure to maintain effective systems of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide accurate financial information. If we are unable to adequately maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and negatively affect the trading price of our common stock. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all possible error and fraud. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of error or fraud, if any, in our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
The price of our Class A common stock may be volatile.
 
Securities markets worldwide have experienced, and are likely to continue to experience, significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions could reduce the market price of our Class A common stock regardless of our results of operations. The trading price of our Class A common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including, among other things, the risk factors described in this section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and other factors beyond our control.  Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock will include:
market conditions in the broader stock market; 
actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly financial and operating results; 
variations in operating results of similar companies; 
introduction of new services by us, our competitors or our clients
issuance of new, negative or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations or estimates; 
investor perceptions of us and the industries in which we or our clients operate; 
sales, or anticipated sales, of our stock, including sales by existing stockholders; 

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additions or departures of key personnel; 
regulatory or political developments; 
stock-based compensation expense under applicable accounting standards; 
litigation and governmental investigations; and
changing economic conditions.
 
These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for shares of our Class A common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of Class A common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our Class A common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. Securities litigation against us, regardless of the merits or outcome, could result in substantial costs and divert the time and attention of our management from our business, which could significantly harm our business, profitability and reputation.
 
We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock since our initial public offering, and we do not intend to in the foreseeable future.
We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock since our initial public offering, and we do not intend to in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to repay indebtedness and to support our general corporate purposes. We are a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of our own. As a result, our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions and other transfers from Vantiv Holding, which are subject to certain Fifth Third Bank consent rights in the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. These consent rights require the approval of Fifth Third for certain significant matters, including the payment of all distributions by Vantiv Holding other than certain permitted distributions, which relate primarily to the payment of tax distributions and tax-related obligations.Holding. The amounts available to us to pay cash dividends are also restricted by our subsidiaries’ debt agreements, and, to the extent that we require additional funding, the sources of such additional funding may prohibit the payment of a dividend. As a result, appreciation in the price of our Class A common stock, if any, will be yourthe only source of gain on an investment in our Class A common stock.

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Risks Related to our Acquisition of Legacy Worldpay

Since we closed the Legacy Worldpay acquisition (“the Acquisition”) in January 2018, our business is subject to a number of risks, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, related to the acquisition and the new business environment in which we operate.

We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits and operating synergies expected from the Acquisition, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

The success of the Acquisition will depend, in significant part, on our ability to successfully integrate the acquired business, grow our revenue and realize the anticipated strategic benefits and synergies from the Acquisition. We believe that the addition of Legacy Worldpay will complement our strategy by providing scale and revenue diversity, accelerate our growth strategy and enable us to have a strong global footprint. Achieving these goals requires growth of the revenue and realization of the targeted operating synergies expected from the Acquisition. This growth and the anticipated benefits of the Acquisition may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than we expect. Actual operating, technological, strategic and revenue opportunities, if achieved at all, may be less significant than we expect or may take longer to achieve than anticipated. If we are not able to achieve these objectives and realize the anticipated benefits and synergies expected from the Acquisition within a reasonable time, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

The Acquisition will result in significant integration costs and any material delays or unanticipated additional expenses may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The complexity and magnitude of the integration effort associated with the Acquisition are significant and require that we fund significant capital and operating expenses to support the integration of the combined operations. Such expenses have included significant transaction, consulting and third party service fees. We incurred integration planning costs during 2017 and anticipate that we may incur additional integration implementation costs through 2020. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur additional operating expenses as we build up internal resources or engage third party providers while we integrate the combined company following the Acquisition. In addition to these transition costs, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur increased expenses relating to, among other things, restructuring. Any material delays, difficulties or unanticipated additional expenses associated with integration activities may harm our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

We may not be able to successfully integrate Legacy Worldpay or, maintain or renew certain of Legacy Worldpay’s commercial relationships.

Our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay involves the integration of two businesses that currently operate independently. The integration of the departments, systems, business units, operating procedures and information technologies of the two businesses will present a significant challenge to management. There can be no assurance that we will be able to integrate and manage these operations effectively or that such operations, once integrated, will provide us with the benefits we anticipate. The failure to successfully integrate the two businesses in a timely manner, or at all, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may be unable to renew certain business relationships maintained by Legacy Worldpay on terms favorable to us or at all, including but not limited to Legacy Worldpay’s relationships with the Royal Bank of Scotland and Citizens Bank. The challenges of combining us with Legacy Worldpay include:

the necessity of coordinating geographically separated organizations;
implementing common systems and controls;
integrating personnel with diverse business backgrounds;
the challenges in developing new products and services that optimize the assets and resources of the two businesses;
integrating the businesses’ technology and products;
combining different corporate cultures;
unanticipated expenses related to integration, including technical and operational integration;
increased fixed costs and unanticipated liabilities that may affect operating results;
retaining key employees; and
retaining and maintaining relationships with existing customers, distributors and other partners.

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Also, the process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of one or both of us and Legacy Worldpay. The diversion of management’s attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with the integration of the operations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Acquisition may expose us to significant unanticipated liabilities that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay may expose us to significant unanticipated liabilities relating to the operation of the combined company. These liabilities could include employment, regulatory, retirement or severance-related obligations under applicable law or other benefit arrangements, legal claims, warranty or similar liabilities to customers, and claims by or amounts owed to vendors. Particularly in international jurisdictions, our acquisition of Legacy Worldpay, or our decision to independently enter new international markets where Legacy Worldpay previously conducted business, could also expose us to tax liabilities and other amounts owed by Legacy Worldpay. The incurrence of such unforeseen or unanticipated liabilities, should they be significant, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The complexity of the integration and transition associated with the Acquisition, together with our increased scale and global presence, may affect our internal control over financial reporting and our ability to effectively and timely report our financial results.

The additional scale of Legacy Worldpay’s operations, together with the complexity of the integration effort, including changes to or implementation of critical information technology systems, may adversely affect our ability to report our financial results on a timely basis. In addition, we will have to train new employees and third party providers, and assume operations in jurisdictions where we have not previously had operations. We expect that the Acquisition may necessitate significant modifications to our internal control systems, processes and information systems, both on a transition basis and over the longer-term as we fully integrate. Due to the complexity of the Acquisition, there can be no assurances that changes to our internal control over financial reporting will be effective for any period, or on an ongoing basis. If we are unable to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, or are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market perception thereof may be materially adversely affected.

As a result of the Acquisition of Legacy Worldpay, our business is now international in nature, which subjects us to various geopolitical, regulatory, tax and business risks, including movement in foreign exchange rates.
Our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Operating in foreign countries, especially in the U.K and the European Union countries, subjects us to multiple risks, including:

differing local product preferences and product requirements;
geopolitical events, including natural disasters, public health issues, acts of war, nationalism and terrorism, social unrest or human rights issues;
partial or total expropriation of international assets;
trade protection measures, including tariffs or import-export restrictions;
enforceability of intellectual property and contract rights;
different, uncertain, or more stringent user protection, data protection, privacy, and other laws; and
potentially negative consequences from changes in or interpretations of tax laws or policies.

Violations of the complex foreign and U.S. laws, rules and regulations that apply to our international operations may result in fines, criminal actions, or sanctions against us, our officers, or our colleagues; prohibitions on the conduct of our business; and damage to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to promote compliance with these laws, violations by our colleagues, contractors, or agents could nevertheless occur. These risks are inherent in our international operations and expansion, may increase our costs of doing business internationally, and could harm our business and reputation. In addition, we may in the future undertake projects and make investments in countries in which we have little or no previous investment or operating experience. We may not be able to fully or accurately assess the risks of investing in such countries, or may be unfamiliar with the laws and regulations in such countries governing its investments and

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operations. As a result, we may be unable to effectively implement its strategy in new jurisdictions. Investment opportunities in certain jurisdictions may be also restricted by legal limits on foreign investment in local assets or classes of assets.
We may incur losses associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and may not be able to effectively hedge our exposure.
Following the Acquisition of Legacy Worldpay, we have an increased proportion of assets, liabilities and earnings denominated in foreign currencies, particularly British pound sterling and the Euro. As a result, a depreciation of non-U.S. dollar currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could have an adverse impact on our financial results and affect our reported results of operations and the value of its assets and liabilities in its consolidated balance sheet in future periods.
We attempt to mitigate a portion of these risks through foreign currency hedging based on our judgment of the appropriate trade-offs among risk, opportunity and expense, and we regularly review our program to partially hedge our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and make adjustments as necessary. Although these hedging arrangements are in place to mitigate foreign currency risk, such arrangements may prove ineffective in protecting us from any negative impacts of foreign exchange fluctuations and our financial condition and results of operation will therefore be sensitive to movements in foreign exchange rates.
Global economic and political uncertainty, including Brexit, could adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

As a result of the international nature of our business, we have become increasingly subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in global economic and political conditions. Uncertainty about the effects of current and future economic and political conditions on us, our customers, suppliers and partners makes it difficult for us to forecast operating results and to make decisions about future investments. Deterioration in economic conditions in any of the countries in which we do business could result in reductions in sales of our products and services and could cause slower or impaired collections on accounts receivable, which may adversely impact our liquidity and financial condition.

The June 2016 referendum supporting the exit of the U.K. from the European Union (“Brexit”) specifically is causing significant political uncertainty in both the U.K. and the European Union. The impact of Brexit and the resulting effect on the political and economic future of the U.K. and the European Union is uncertain, and our business may be adversely affected in ways we do not currently anticipate. Brexit may result in a significant change in the British regulatory environment, which may likely increase our compliance costs. We may find it more difficult to conduct business in the U.K. and the European Union, as Brexit may result in increased restrictions on the movement of capital, goods and personnel. Depending on the outcome of negotiations between the U.K. and the European Union regarding the terms of Brexit, we may decide to relocate or otherwise alter our European operations to respond to the new business, legal, regulatory, tax and trade environments that may result.

As with any political instability or adverse political developments in or around any of the major countries in which we do business, developments related to Brexit may materially and adversely affect with customers, suppliers and employees and could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Failure to comply with the laws and regulations of the United States as well as those of many foreign countries may affect our ability to conduct business in certain countries and may affect our financial performance.

We are subject to a variety of laws regarding our international operations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, regulations issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, import and export control laws, payment card industry data security standards, anti-trust and competition laws, securities regulations and regulations of various foreign governmental and regulatory agencies. We cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted. Compliance with these laws and regulations may involve significant costs or require changes in our business practices that result in reduced revenue and profitability. Non-compliance could also result in fines, damages, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation.

While we seek to actively monitor the regulatory status of our activities across all the jurisdictions in which we operate, there is a level of complexity that we face in terms of interpreting, complying with and tracking changes to licensing requirements meaning it is not always possible to determine whether our merchant acquiring and other payment processing activities are, or are treated by regulators as amounting to, regulated activity, and applicable laws and regulations are often vague as to whether or not they definitively cover such activities. Actual or alleged violations of any relevant laws or regulations could result in enforcement actions and financial penalties that could result in substantial costs and reputational

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damage and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, we are in a process of reviewing our approximately 60 alternative payment method providers which is expected to complete during 2018. Although no adverse impact has occurred to date or is expected, the completion of this review could lead to customer attrition and failure to complete the exercise in a timely manner could give rise to other forms of legal and regulatory risk.

In addition, we are exposed to changes in laws governing our employee relationships in various U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, including laws and regulations regarding wage and hour requirements, fair labor standards, employee data privacy, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates, citizenship requirements and payroll and other taxes, which likely would have a direct impact on our operating costs.
Holders of Depositary Interests must rely on the Depositary or the Custodian to exercise rights attaching to our shares for the benefit of the holders of Depositary Interests.

We have entered into depositary arrangements to enable investors to settle and pay for our shares through CREST, which is the central securities depository in the U.K. The rights of holders of Depositary Interests will be governed by, among other things, the relevant provisions of the CREST Manual and the CREST Rules (as defined in the CREST Terms and Conditions issued by Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited (“EUI”)). As the registered holder, the Depositary will have the power to exercise voting and other rights conferred by Delaware law and the bylaws of Worldpay on behalf of the relevant holder. Consequently, the holders of Depositary Interests must rely on the Depositary to exercise such rights for the benefit of the holders of Depositary Interests. Although we will enter into arrangements whereby EUI will make a copy of the register of the names and addresses of holders of Depositary Interests available to the Company to enable it to send out notices of shareholder meetings and proxy forms to its holders of Depositary Interests and pursuant to EUI’s omnibus proxy arrangements, subject to certain requirements, the Depositary will be able to give each beneficial owner of a Depositary Interest the right to vote directly in respect of such owner’s underlying Worldpay Shares, there can be no assurance that such information, and consequently, all such rights and, entitlements, will at all times be duly and timely passed on or that such proxy arrangements will be effective.

The standard listing of our shares affords investors a lower level of regulatory protection than a premium listing.

Our shares are admitted to the standard segment of the Official List of the LSE. A standard listing affords investors in Worldpay a lower level of regulatory protection than that afforded to investors in a company with a premium listing, which is subject to additional obligations under the Listing Rules. A standard listing also does not permit us to gain a FTSE UK Index Series indexation (which includes the FTSE 100 and FTSE 250 indices), which may have an adverse effect on the price of our shares.

There is currently a limited U.K. market for our shares and no U.K. trading history prior to our Acquisition of Legacy Worldpay. A robust U.K. market for our shares may not develop, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our shares.

Because of the relatively low trading volume of our shares listed on the LSE, and the lack of a trading history prior to our Acquisition of Legacy Worldpay, investors in the United Kingdom have limited information when making their decision to invest. Although our current intention is that our shares will continue to trade on the LSE, we cannot assure investors that it this will always be the case. In addition, an active U.K. trading market for our shares may never develop or, if developed, may not be maintained. Investors, particularly investors outside of the United States, may be unable to sell their Worldpay shares unless a market can be established and maintained, and if we subsequently obtain a further listing on an exchange in addition to, or in lieu of, the LSE, the level of liquidity of our shares may decline.

Our shares are listed on two separate markets and investors seeking to take advantage of price differences between such markets may create unexpected volatility in our share price. In addition, investors may not be able to easily move shares for trading between such markets.

Our shares are listed and traded on both the NYSE and on the LSE. While our shares are traded on both markets, price and volume levels could fluctuate significantly on either market, independent on the share price or trading volume on the other market. Investors could seek to sell or buy our shares to take advantage of any price differences between the two markets through a process referred to as arbitrage. Any arbitrage activity could create unexpected volatility in both the price of our shares on either exchange and in the volume of our shares available for trading on either market. In addition, holders of our shares in either jurisdiction will not immediately be able to transfer such shares for trading on the other market without effecting necessary procedures with our transfer agents/registrars. This could result in time delays and additional cost for our Shareholders.

30





Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None

Item 2. Properties
Our principal place of business is our corporate headquarters located at 8500 Governor'sGovernor’s Hill Drive, Symmes Township, Cincinnati, Ohio 45249.

In addition to our corporate headquarters, as of December 31, 20142017 we leased operational, sales, and administrative facilities in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida,Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts and Texas and owned a facility in Colorado. As of December 31, 2014,2017, we leased data center facilities in Colorado, Kentucky and Michigan. We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for our business as presently conducted, however, we periodically review our facility requirements and may acquire new space to meet the needs of our business or consolidate and dispose of facilities that are no longer required.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings
 
From time to time, we are involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. While it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution or range of financial liability with respect to these contingent matters, management believes none of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on us.us, except as discussed in Note 10 - Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees in Part II, Item 8. See the information under Legal Reserve in Note 10 - Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, which we incorporate herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable


2931
   




PART II


Item 5. Market for Registrant'sRegistrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Price Range of Common Stock

Our Class A common stock hasis traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VNTV" since March 22, 2012. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our Class A common stock. Our initial public offering“WP” and as of Class A common stock was priced at $17.00 per shareJanuary 16, 2018, on March 21, 2012.the London Stock Exchange via a secondary standard listing under the symbol “WPY.” There is currently no established public trading market for our Class B common stock. The information presented in the table below represents the high and low sales prices per share of Class A common stock as reported on the NYSE for the periods indicated.

2013 High Low
2016 High Low
First Quarter $23.75
 $19.55
 $54.50
 $42.01
Second Quarter $28.25
 $21.73
 $58.09
 $50.52
Third Quarter $28.70
 $25.37
 $59.62
 $52.45
Fourth Quarter $32.88
 $25.21
 $60.25
 $54.38
        
2014 High Low
2017 High Low
First Quarter $34.42
 $29.05
 $66.47
 $59.60
Second Quarter $33.74
 $28.45
 $66.24
 $59.62
Third Quarter $34.90
 $30.25
 $73.14
 $59.10
Fourth Quarter $35.11
 $29.35
 $76.22
 $67.71

There were approximately 80317 holders of record of our Class A common stock and one holder of our Class B common stock as of January 31, 2015.2018.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
The following table sets forth information regarding shares of Class A common stock repurchased by us during the three months ended December 31, 2014:2017:
Period Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)(2)
 Average Price
Paid per
Share
 Total Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs (2)
 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions) (2)
October 1, 2014 to October 31, 2014 296,188
 $29.84
 278,000
 $291.7
November 1, 2014 to November 30, 2014 550,437
 $30.38
 549,700
 $275.0
December 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 23,314
 $33.69
 
 $275.0
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
(1)(2)
 Average Price
Paid per
Share
 
Total Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
(2)
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions) (2)
October 1, 2017 to October 31, 2017 11,744
 $69.01
 
 $243.2
November 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017 652
 $69.31
 
 $243.2
December 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 
 $
 
 $243.2
 
(1) Includes shares of Class A common stock surrendered to us to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2) On February 12, 2014, our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $300 million of our Class A common stock. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased approximately 828,000 shares of Class A common stock for approximately $25 million. The repurchases occurred in the open market and pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. The share repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.
(1)
Includes shares of Class A common stock surrendered to us to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2)
On October 25, 2016, the board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to an additional $250 million of our Class A common stock. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, we did not repurchase any shares of Class A common stock under this program. Purchases under the repurchase program are allowed from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The manner, timing, and amount of any purchases are determined by management based on an evaluation of market conditions, stock price, and other factors. The share repurchase program has no expiration date and we may discontinue purchases at any time that management determines additional purchases are not warranted.

Dividend Policy

Since our initial public offering, we have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not intend to in the foreseeable future. We are a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of our own. As a

30




result, our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions and other transfers from Vantiv Holding, which are subject to certain Fifth Third Bank consent rights in the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. These consent rights require the approval of Fifth Third for certain significant matters, including the payment of all distributions by Vantiv Holding other than certain permitted distributions, which relate primarily to the payment of tax distributions and tax-related obligations.Holding. The amounts available to us to pay cash dividends are also subject to the covenants and

32




restrictions in our subsidiaries'subsidiaries’ loan agreements. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, legal and contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

Vantiv Holding paid aggregate tax distributions to or on behalf of its equity holders, including Fifth Third Bank and JPDN Enterprises, LLC, an affiliate of Charles D. Drucker, our Chief Executive Officer, of $22.9$18.8 million, $41.2$8.7 million and $32.6$10.9 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 2012,2015, pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. Vantiv Holding will continue to make tax distributions to its equity holdersFifth Third in accordance with the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. In connection with the reorganization transactions in 2012, we paid Fifth Third Bank a $15.0 million fee related to the modification of its consent rights (specifically with respect to (i) increasing the threshold on when certain actions require Fifth Third Bank's approval, (ii) the termination of transferability and (iii) all of the consent rights terminating upon the transfer of more than 50% of the shares of Class A and Class B common stock held by Fifth Third Bank and its affiliates immediately following the consummation of our initial public offering) under the prior Amended and Restated

Additionally, Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. Duringpaid distributions to a bank partner relating to its joint venture of $3.8 million, $4.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the year endingyears ended December 31, 2012, Vantiv, Inc. made a cash distribution of approximately $40.1 million in the aggregate to certain funds managed by Advent as well as to Pamela H. Patsley, a former director, which amount represented accumulated cash in Vantiv, Inc. resulting from tax distributions we received as a member of Vantiv Holding prior to our initial public offering2017, 2016 and that was payable to certain funds managed by Advent as well as to Ms. Patsley as our stockholders prior to our initial public offering.2015.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph shows a comparison from March 22, 2012 (the date our Class A common stock commenced trading on the NYSE) through December 31, 20142012 through December 31, 2017 of the cumulative total return for our Class A common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Information Technology Index. Data for the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Information Technology Index assume reinvestment of dividends. Note that historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

31





COMPARISON OF 33 MONTH5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P Information Technology Index


*$100 invested on 3/22/12/31/12 in stock or 2/29/12 in index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material"“soliciting material” or to be "filed"“filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


33




Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth our historical financial and other data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. We derived the statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 and our balance sheet data as of December 31, 20142017 and 20132016 from our audited financial statements for such periods included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 20112014 and 20102013 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012, 20112015, 2014 and 20102013 are derived from our audited financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The results indicated below are not necessarily indicative of our future performance. You should read this information together with "Item“Item 7 - Management'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"Operations” and "Item“Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

32
 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Year Ended December 31, 2014 Year Ended December 31, 2013


(in thousands, except share data)
Statement of income data:         
Revenue$4,026,477
 $3,578,991
 $3,159,938
 $2,577,203
 $2,108,077
Network fees and other costs1,903,165
 1,674,230
 1,478,202
 1,174,665
 935,441
Sales and marketing669,506
 582,251
 503,949
 396,353
 312,044
Other operating costs318,665
 294,235
 284,066
 242,439
 200,630
General and administrative295,101
 189,707
 182,369
 173,986
 121,707
Depreciation and amortization318,493
 270,054
 276,942
 275,069
 185,453
Income from operations521,547
 568,514
 434,410
 314,691
 352,802
Interest expense-net(140,661) (109,534) (105,736) (79,701) (40,902)
Non-operating income (expense)432,826
 (36,256) (31,268) 177
 (20,000)
Income before applicable income taxes813,712
 422,724
 297,406
 235,167
 291,900
Income tax expense631,020
 141,853
 88,177
 66,177
 83,760
Net income182,692
 280,871
 209,229
 168,990
 208,140
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests(52,582) (67,663) (61,283) (43,698) (74,568)
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc.$130,110
 $213,208
 $147,946
 $125,292
 $133,572
Net income per share attributable to Worldpay, Inc. Class A common stock:         
Basic$0.81
 $1.37
 $1.02
 $0.88
 $0.96
Diluted$0.80
 $1.32
 $0.95
 $0.75
 $0.87
Shares used in computing net income per share of Class A common stock:         
Basic161,293,062
 156,043,636
 145,044,577
 141,936,933
 138,836,314
Diluted162,807,146
 162,115,549
 200,934,442
 199,170,813
 206,027,557

 As of December 31,
 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
 (in thousands)
Balance sheet data:         
Cash and cash equivalents$126,503
 $139,148
 $197,096
 $411,568
 $171,427
Total assets8,666,973
 7,044,007
 6,465,426
 6,336,083
 4,189,553
Total long-term liabilities6,231,861
 3,747,706
 3,944,981
 4,072,164
 2,327,918
Non-controlling interests68,115
 291,624
 272,278
 397,573
 408,391
Total equity600,654
 1,607,289
 1,225,066
 1,300,586
 1,176,322

34
   




 Year Ended
December 31,
2014
 Year Ended
December 31,
2013
 Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 Year Ended
December 31,
2011
 Year Ended
December 31,
2010


(in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of income data:         
Revenue$2,577,203
 $2,108,077
 $1,863,239
 $1,622,421
 $1,162,132
Network fees and other costs1,174,665
 935,441
 840,597
 756,735
 595,995
Sales and marketing396,353
 312,044
 280,644
 236,917
 98,418
Other operating costs242,439
 200,630
 158,374
 143,420
 124,383
General and administrative173,986
 121,707
 118,231
 86,870
 58,091
Depreciation and amortization275,069
 185,453
 160,538
 155,326
 110,964
Income from operations314,691
 352,802
 304,855
 243,153
 174,281
Interest expense-net(79,701) (40,902) (54,572) (111,535) (116,020)
Non-operating income (expense)177
 (20,000) (92,672) (14,499) (4,300)
Income before applicable income taxes235,167
 291,900
 157,611
 117,119
 53,961
Income tax expense (benefit)66,177
 83,760
 46,853
 32,309
 (956)
Net income168,990
 208,140
 110,758
 84,810
 54,917
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests(43,698) (74,568) (53,148) (48,570) (32,924)
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc.$125,292
 $133,572
 $57,610
 $36,240
 $21,993
Net income per share attributable to Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock (1):         
Basic$0.88
 $0.96
 $0.50
 $0.40
 $0.25
Diluted$0.75
 $0.87
 $0.47
 $0.40
 $0.25
Shares used in computing net income per share of Class A common stock (1):         
Basic141,936,933
 138,836,314
 116,258,204
 89,515,617
 89,515,617
Diluted199,170,813
 206,027,557
 122,747,362
 89,515,617
 89,515,617
          
(1)We have retrospectively adjusted our earnings per share and average shares outstanding to reflect the reorganization transactions. See Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
  As of December 31,
  2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
  (in thousands)
Balance sheet data:          
Cash and cash equivalents $411,568
 $171,427
 $67,058
 $370,549
 $236,512
Total assets 6,336,083
 4,189,553
 3,979,529
 3,489,710
 3,370,517
Total long-term liabilities 4,072,164
 2,327,918
 1,665,826
 1,793,270
 1,750,977
Non-controlling interests 397,573
 408,391
 626,309
 632,022
 599,256
Total equity 1,300,586
 1,176,322
 1,444,235
 1,255,720
 1,194,713

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
This management'smanagement’s discussion and analysis provides a review of the results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and capital resources of Worldpay, Inc., formerly Vantiv, Inc. ("Vantiv"(“Worldpay”, "we"“we”, "us"“us”, "our"“our” or the "company"“company” refer to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries) and outlines the factors that have affected recent results, as well as those factors that may affect future results. Our actual results in the future may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under "Risk“Risk Factors," Forward Looking Statements"Statements” and elsewhere in this report. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in "Item“Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"Data” of this report.

General

We areOverview

Worldpay is the third largest merchant acquirer and the largest PIN debit acquirer by transaction volume,number of transactions, according to the Nilson Report, and a leading payment processor in the United States differentiated by our integratedU.S. technology platform, breadth of distribution and superior cost structure. Our integratedU.S. technology platform enables us to efficiently provide a comprehensive suite of services to both merchants and financial institutions of all sizes as well as to innovate, develop and deploy new services, while providing us with significant economies of scale. Our broad and varied distribution provides us with a growing and diverse client base of merchants and financial institutions.

We offer a broad suite of payment processing services that enable our clients to meet their payment processing needs through a single provider, including Our merchant client base includes merchant locations across the United States and is heavily-weighted in omni-channel environments that span point-of-sale, ecommercenon-discretionary everyday spend categories where spending has generally been more resilient during economic downturns. In 2017, we processed approximately 23 billion transactions for these merchants. Our financial institution client base includes regional banks, community banks, credit unions and mobile devices. We enable merchants of all sizes to accept and process credit, debit and prepaid payments and provide them supporting value-added services, such as security solutions and fraud management, information solutions, and interchange management. We also provide mission critical payment services to financial institutions, such as card issuer processing, payment network processing, fraud protection, card production, prepaid program management, ATM driving and network gateway and switching services that utilize our proprietary Jeanieregional PIN debit payment network.

Our integrated technology platform provides our merchant and financial institution clients with differentiated payment processing solutions and provides us with significant strategic and operational benefits. Our clients access our processing solutions primarily through a single point of service, which is easy to use and enables our clients to acquire additional services as their business needs evolve. Small and mid-sized merchants are able to easily connect to our integrated technology platform using our application process interfaces, or APIs, software development kits, or SDKs, and other toolsnetworks. In 2017, we make available to technology partners, which we believe enhances our capacity to sell to such merchants. Our integrated technology platform allows us to collect, manage and analyze data across both our Merchant Services and our Financial Institution Services segments that we can then package into information solutionsprocessed approximately 3.5 billion transactions for our clients. It provides insight into market trends and opportunities as they emerge, which enhances our ability to innovate and develop new value-added services, including security solutions and fraud management, and it allows us to easily deploy new solutions that span the payment processing value chain, such as ecommerce and mobile services, which are high growth market opportunities. It is highly scalable, which enables us to efficiently manage, update and maintain our technology, increase capacity and speed, and realize significant operating leverage. We believe our integrated technology platform is a key differentiator from payment processors that operate on multiple technology platforms and provides us with a significant competitive advantage.

We distribute our services through multiple sales channels that enable us to efficiently and effectively target a broad range of merchants andthese financial institutions. Our sales channels include direct and indirect sales forces as well as referral partner relationships, which provide us withSee Item 1 - Business for a growing and diverse client base. We have a national sales force that targets financial institutions and large national merchants, a regional and mid-market sales team that sell solutions to merchants and third-party reseller clients and a telesales operation that targets small and mid-sized merchants. Our indirect sales force includes Independent Sales Organizations, or ISOs, that target small and mid-sized merchants. We have referral partner relationships with merchant banks, independent software vendors, or ISVs, value-added resellers, or VARs, payment facilitators, and trade associations that target a broad rangemore detailed discussion of merchants, including difficult to reach small and mid-sized merchants. We also have relationships with third-party reseller partners and arrangements with core processors that target small and mid-sized financial institutions.the business overview.

Executive Overview

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 20142017 increased 22%13% to $2,577.2$4,026.5 million from $2,108.1$3,579.0 million in 2013.     2016.     

Income from operations for the year ended December 31, 20142017 decreased 11%8% to $314.7$521.5 million from $352.8$568.5 million in 2013.2016.

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased 35% to $182.7 million from $280.9 million in 2016. Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased 39% to $130.1 million from $213.2 million in 2016. See the “Results of Operations” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of our financial results.

In October 2016, our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $250 million of our Class A common stock. We currently have approximately $243 million of share repurchase authority remaining as of December 31, 2017 under this authorization.

Recent Acquisitions

On January 16, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Worldpay Group Limited, formerly Worldpay Group plc, a public limited company (“Legacy Worldpay”) by acquiring 100% of the issued and outstanding shares. The approximately $11.9 billion purchase price consisted of Legacy Worldpay shareholders receiving 55 pence in cash and 0.0672 new shares of our Class A common stock for each Legacy Worldpay ordinary share held. As of the closing of the acquisition, Legacy Worldpay had 2,000,000,000 shares outstanding, thus resulting in an approximately $1.5 billion cash payment and 134.4 million shares of our Class A common stock being issued to fund the acquisition.

In addition, the Legacy Worldpay shareholders received an interim dividend of 0.8 pence per Legacy Worldpay ordinary share paid on October 23, 2017 by Legacy Worldpay and a special dividend of 4.2 pence per Legacy Worldpay ordinary share paid by Worldpay shortly after the acquisition date.

The acquisition creates a leading global integrated payment technology and international eCommerce payment provider and will enable us to take advantage of strategic and innovative opportunities to provide differentiated and diversified solutions to address clients’ needs.

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Net income for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased 19% to $169.0 million from $208.1 million in 2013. Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased 6% to $125.3 million from $133.6 million in 2013. See the "Results of Operations" section of this management's discussion and analysis for a discussion of our financial results.

During 2014, we continued to repurchase shares of
On January 16, 2018, our Class A common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under various programs approved by our board of directors. We repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares for approximately $59.4 million under these programs during the year ended December 31, 2014. We have approximately $275 million of share repurchase authority remaining as of December 31, 2014 under a program authorized bynew symbol “WP” and on the board of directors on February 12, 2014 to repurchase up to an additional $300 million of our Class A common stock.

In March 2014,London Stock Exchange via a secondary offering took place in which Advent International Corporation, or Advent, sold its remaining 18.8 millionstandard listing under the symbol “WPY.” Legacy Worldpay shares of Class A common stock. In June 2014, a secondary offering took place in which Fifth Third Bank, or Fifth Third, sold 5.8 million shares of Class A common stock. We did not receive any proceeds from these sales.
On June 13, 2014, Vantiv, LLC completed a debt refinancing by entering into an amended and restated loan agreement, or Amended Loan Agreement. The Amended Loan Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities comprised of a $2.05 billion term A loan maturing in June 2019, a $1.4 billion term B loan maturing in June 2021 and a $425 million revolving credit facility that matures in June 2019. Proceedswere delisted from the refinancing were primarily used to fundLondon Stock Exchange on the acquisition of Mercury Payment Systems, LLC, or Mercury, as further discussed below, and repay the prior term A loan with an outstanding balance of approximately $1.8 billion.
Recent Acquisitionssame day.

On June 13, 2014,May 25, 2017, we acquired MercuryPaymetric Holdings, Inc. (“Paymetric”) for approximately $1.68 billion$532 million in cash, and $137.9 million in contingent consideration related to a tax receivable agreement ("Mercury TRA") entered into with pre-acquisition ownerswhich is net of Mercury ("Mercury TRA Holders") in connection with the Mercury acquisition.cash acquired. We funded the acquisition by borrowing an additional $1.7 billion through an amendmentwith cash on hand and refinancingborrowings under our revolving credit facility. Paymetric automates business-to-business payment workflows within enterprise systems and tokenizes payments data within these systems in order to enable secure storage of our senior secured credit facilities as discussed above. Mercury is a payment technologycustomer information and service leader whose solutions are integrated into point-of-sale software applications and brought to market through dealer and developer partners.history. This acquisition helps to further accelerate our growth in the integrated payments channel.growth. The operations of MercuryPaymetric are included in our Merchant Services segment operating results.

Fifth Third Share Purchase

On August 9, 2017, pursuant to a transaction agreement with Fifth Third Bank, we purchased 19,790,000 shares of our Class A common stock directly from Fifth Third Bank at a price of $64.04 per share. The total purchase price of approximately $1.27 billion was funded with an additional Term B Loan. In connection with the purchase, we recorded a liability of approximately $647.5 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 under the tax receivable agreement with Fifth Third Bank.

Our Segments, Revenue and Expenses
 
Segments
 
We report our results of operations in two segments, Merchant Services and Financial Institution Services. We evaluate segment performance based upon segment profit, which is defined as net revenue, which represents total revenue less network fees and other costs, less sales and marketing expense attributable to that segment.

Merchant Services

We provide See “Item 1 - Business” for a comprehensive suitemore detailed discussion of payment processing services to our merchant services clients. We authorize, clear, settle and provide reporting for electronic payment transactions, as further discussed below. Our merchant client base includes over 500,000 merchant locations across the United States and is heavily-weighted in non-discretionary everyday spend categories where spending has generally been more resilient during economic downturns. In 2014, we processed approximately 16.3 billion transactions for these merchants.

Acquiring and Processing. We provide merchants with a broad range of credit, debit and prepaid payment processing services. We give them the ability to accept and process Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover and PIN debit network card transactions originated at the point of sale as well as for ecommerce and mobile transactions. This service includes all aspects of card processing, including authorization and settlement, customer service, chargeback and retrieval processing and network fee and interchange management.

Value-added Services. We offer value-added services that help our clients operate and manage their businesses including omni-channel acceptance, prepaid services and gift card solutions. We also provide security solutions such as point-to-point encryption and tokenization both at the point of sale and for ecommerce transactions.


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We provide our services to merchants of varying sizes, which provides us with a number of key benefits. Due to the large transaction volume that they generate, large national merchants provide us with significant operating scale efficiencies and recurring revenues. Small and mid-sized merchants are more difficult to reach on an individual basis, but generally generate higher per transaction fees.

We distribute our comprehensive suite of services to a broad range of merchants through multiple sales channels, as further described below.

Direct: Includes a national sales force that targets large national merchants, a regional and mid-market sales team that sells solutions to merchants and third party reseller clients, and a telesales operation that targets small and mid-sized merchants.
Indirect: Includes ISOs that target small and mid-sized merchants.
Merchant Bank: Includes referral partner relationships with financial institutions that target their financial services customers as merchant referrals to us.
Integrated Payments, or IP: Includes referral partner relationships with ISVs, VARs, and payment facilitators that target their technology customers as merchant referrals to us.
eCommerce: Includes a sales force that targets internet retail, online services and direct marketing merchants.

These sales channels utilize multiple strategies and leverage relationships with referral partners that sell our business solutions to small and mid-sized merchants. We believe our sales structure provides us with broad geographic coverage and access to various industries and verticals.

Financial Institution Services

We provide integrated card issuer processing, payment network processing and value-added services to our financial institutions clients, as further discussed below. Our financial institution client base is generally well diversified and includes approximately 1,400 financial institutions, including regional banks, community banks, credit unions and regional PIN debit networks. In 2014, we processed approximately 3.8 billion transactions for these financial institutions. We generally focus on small to mid-sized financial institutions with less than $15 billion in assets. Smaller financial institutions generally do not have the scale or infrastructure typical of large financial institutions and are more likely to outsource payment processing needs. We provide a turnkey solution to such institutions to enable them to offer payment processing solutions.

Integrated Card Issuer and Processing. We process and service credit, debit, ATM and prepaid transactions. We process and provide statement production, collections and inbound/outbound call centers. Our card processing solution includes processing and other services such as card portfolio analytics, program strategy and support, fraud and security management and chargeback and dispute services. We also offer processing for specialized accounts, such as business cards, home equity lines of credit and health savings accounts. We provide authorization support in the form of online or batch settlement, as well as real-time transaction research capability and archiving and daily and monthly cardholder reports for statistical analysis. Our call center handles inbound and outbound calls and billing issues for customers of our financial institution clients.

Value-added Services. We provide additional services to our financial institution clients that complement our issuing and processing services. These services include fraud protection, card production, prepaid cards, ATM driving, portfolio optimization, data analytics and card program marketing. We also provide network gateway and switching services that utilize our Jeanie PIN network. Our Jeanie network offers real-time electronic payment, network bill payment, single point settlement, shared deposit taking and customer select PINs. Our Jeanie network includes approximately 6,900 ATMs, 21 million cardholders and 640 member financial institution clients.

We distribute our financial institution services by utilizing direct sales forces as well as a diverse group of referral partner relationships. These sales channels utilize multiple strategies and leverage relationships with core processors that sell our solutions to small and mid-sized financial institutions.segments.

Revenue
 
We generate revenue primarily by processing electronic payment transactions. Set forth below is a description of our revenues by segment and factors impacting segment revenues.

 Our Merchant Services segment revenues are primarily derived from processing credit and debit card transactions. Merchant Services revenue is primarily comprised of fees charged to businesses, net of interchange fees, for payment processing services, including authorization, capture, clearing, settlement and information reporting of electronic transactions.

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The fees charged consist of either a percentage of the dollar volume of the transaction or a fixed fee, or both, and are recognized at the time of the transaction. Merchant Services revenue also includes a number of revenue items that are incurred by us and are reimbursable as the costs are passed through to and paid by our clients. These items primarily consist of Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment network fees. In addition, for sales through referral partners in which we are the primary party to the contract with the merchant, we record the full amount of the fees collected from the merchant as revenue. Associated residual payments made to referral partners are included in sales and marketing expenses. Merchant Services revenue also includes revenue from ancillary services such as fraud management, equipment sales and terminal rent. Revenue in our Merchant Services segment is impacted primarily by transaction volume, average transaction size, the mix of merchant types in our client portfolio, the performance of our merchant clients and the effectiveness of our distribution channels.
    
Our Financial Institution Services revenues are primarily derived from debit, credit and ATM card transaction processing, ATM driving and support, and PIN debit processing services. Financial Institution Services revenue associated with processing transactions includes per transaction and account related fees, card production fees and fees generated from our Jeanie network. Financial Institution Services revenue is impacted by the number of financial institutions using our services as well as their transaction volume. The number of financial institutions in the United States has declined as a result of prevailing economic conditions and consolidation, as well as other market and regulatory pressures. These factors have contributed to industry-wide pricing compression of the fees that financial institutions are willing to pay for payment processing. Since 2011, pricing compression in the Financial Institution Services segment has represented on average 3% or less

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Network Fees and Other Costs
 
Network fees and other costs primarily consist of chargespass through expenses incurred by us which we pass throughin connection with providing processing services to our clients, including Visa MasterCard and otherMastercard network association fees and payment network fees, third party processing fees, telecommunication charges, postage and card production costs.fees.
 
Net Revenue
 
Net revenue is revenue, less network fees and other costs and reflects revenue generated from the services we provide to our clients. Management uses net revenue to assess our operating performance. We believe that net revenue, when reviewed together with revenue, is meaningful to our investors in order to understand our performance.
 
Expenses
 
Set forth below is a brief description of the components of our expenses, aside from the network fees and other costs discussed above:
 
Sales and marketing expense primarily consists of salaries and benefits paid to sales personnel, sales management and other sales and marketing personnel, residual payments made to referral partners and advertising and promotional costs.

Other operating costs primarily consist of salaries and benefits paid to operational and IT personnel, costs associated with operating our technology platform and data centers, information technology costs for processing transactions, product development costs, software consulting fees and maintenance costs.
 
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits paid to executive management and administrative employees, including finance, human resources, product development, legal and risk management, share-based compensation costs, equipment and occupancy costs and consulting costs. The year ended December 31, 2017 includes a charge related to a settlement agreement stemming from legacy litigation of an acquired company.

Depreciation and amortization expense consists of our depreciation expense related to investments in property, equipment and software as well as our amortization of intangible assets, principally customer relationships acquired in connection with the acquisition of a majority interest in Vantiv Holding in June 2009 and our subsequent acquisitions.assets.

Interest expense—net consists primarily of interest on borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities less interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

Income tax expense represents federal, state and local taxes based on income in multiple jurisdictions.


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Non-operating income (expense) during the year ended December 31, 20142017 primarily relatesconsists of a gain relating to a benefit recordedthe impact to the tax receivable agreement (“TRA”) liability as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”) being enacted on December 22, 2017 and an unrealized gain related to the change in the fair value of a reductiondeal contingent foreign currency forward entered into in certain TRA liabilities,connection with the Worldpay acquisition, partially offset by the refinancing of the Company’s senior secured credit facilities in June 2014 and the change in fair value of a TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury Payment Systems, LLC (“Mercury”). The 2016 amount primarily related to the change in the fair value of the Mercury TRA. The 2013 amount relatesTRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury and a charge related to the refinancing of the Company'sour senior secured credit facilities in May 2013.October 2016. The 20122015 amount primarily relatesrelated to the refinancingchange in the fair value of the Company's senior secured credit facilities in March 2012, the early termination of the Company’s interest rate swaps in connection with the March 2012 debt refinancing and a one-time activity fee of $6.0 million assessed by MasterCard as a result of the Company's IPO.Mercury TRA.

Non-Controlling Interest
 
As a result of the non-controlling ownership interests in Vantiv Holding held by Fifth Third, our results of operations include net income attributable to non-controlling interests. Future sales or redemptions of ownership interests in Vantiv Holding by Fifth Third will continue to reduce the amount recorded as non-controlling interest and increase net earnings attributable to our Class A stockholders. In addition, net income attributable to non-controlling interests includes the non-controlling interest in the People's United Merchant Services, or PUMS,related to a joint venture held by Peoples United Bank, or PUB. Net income attributable to non-controlling interestswith a bank partner. See Note 9 - Controlling and Non-controlling Interests in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $43.7 million, $74.6 million and $53.1 million, respectively.more information.


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Factors and Trends Impacting Our Business and Results of Operations
 
We expect a number of factors will impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. In general, our revenue is impacted by the number and dollar volume of card based transactions which in turn are impacted by general economic conditions, consumer spending and the emergence of new technologies and payment types, such as ecommerce, mobile payments, and prepaid cards. In our Merchant Services segment, our net revenues are impacted by the mix of the size of merchants that we provide services to as well as the mix of transaction volume by merchant category. In our Financial Institution Services segment, our net revenues are also impacted by the mix of the size of financial institutions to which we provide services as well as consolidation and market and industry pressures, which have contributed and are expected to continue to contribute to pricing compression of payment processing fees in this segment. We also expect our results of operations to be impacted by the factors discussed below.

Pro Forma Adjusted Net Income
 
We use pro forma adjusted net income for financial and operational decision making as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons of our performance and results of operations. Pro formaThe adjusted net income is also incorporated into performance metrics underlying certain share-based payments issued under the 2012 Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan and our annual incentive plan. We believe pro formathe adjusted net income provides useful information about our performance and operating results, enhances the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects and allows for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision making.

In calculating pro formathe adjusted net income, we make certain non-GAAP adjustments, as well as pro formacertain tax adjustments, to adjust our GAAP operating results for the items discussed below. This non-GAAP measure should be considered together with GAAP operating results.
 
Non-GAAP Adjustments

Transition, Acquisition and Integration Costs
 
In connection with our acquisitions, we incurredincur costs associated with the acquisitions and related integration activities, consisting primarily of consulting fees for advisory, conversion and integration services and related personnel costs. Additionally, our expenses include costs associated with a one-time signing bonus issued to certain employees that transferred to us from Fifth Third Bank in connection with our separation from Fifth Third Bank in June 2009. This signing bonus contained a five-year vesting period beginning on the date of the separation. Also included in these expenses are costs related to employee termination benefits and other transition activities. These transition, acquisition and integration costs are included in other operating costs and general and administrative expenses. Included in transition, acquisition and integration costs in the year ended December 31, 2017 is a $41.5 million charge to general and administrative expense related to a settlement agreement stemming from legacy litigation of an acquired company.

Share-Based Compensation
 

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We have granted share-based awards to certain employees and members of our board of directors and intend to continue to grant additional share-based awards in the future. Share-based compensation is included in general and administrative expense. See Note 13 - Share-Based Compensation Plans in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
 
Intangible Amortization Expense

These expenses represent amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations and customer portfolio and related asset acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2014, intangible amortization expense also included a $34.3 million charge related to phasing out a trade name.

Non-operating Income (Expense)
 
Non-operating income (expense) was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, which2017 primarily consisted of a benefit recordedgain relating to the impact to the TRA liability as a result of Tax Reform being enacted on December 22, 2017 and an unrealized gain related to the change in the fair value of a reductiondeal contingent forward entered into in certain TRA liabilities of $41.3 million,connection with the Worldpay acquisition, partially offset by $26.5 millionthe change in expensesfair value of the Mercury TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury.

Non-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily consisted of the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury and a charge related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities in June 2014 and expense of $14.6 million related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded $20.0 million within non-operating expenses, which consisted of charges related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities in May 2013.  During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded $92.7 million within non-operating expenses, which consisted of $86.7 million related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities and the early termination of our interest rate swaps in March 2012 and a $6.0 million one-time activity fee assessed by MasterCard as a result of our IPO.October 2016.

Pro Forma
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Tax Adjustments

Income Tax Expense Adjustments
 
Our effective tax rate reported in our results of operations reflects the impact of our non-controlling interest not being taxed at the statutory corporate tax rate. For purposes of calculating pro formathe adjusted net income, income tax expense is adjusted accordingly to reflect an effective tax rate assuming conversion of Fifth Third'sThird’s non-controlling interests into shares of Class A common stock, including the income tax effect of the non-GAAP adjustments described above. The adjusted effective tax rate was 36.5% for the year ended December 31, 20142017 is 34.0% and 38.5% forincludes the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.impact of excess tax benefits relating to our adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The 2014 adjusted effective tax rate was primarily impacted favorably by deductions related to Internal Revenue Code Section 199, which allows36.0% for the deduction of a portion of the income related to domestically produced computer software.year ended December 31, 2016.

Other Tax Adjustments

In addition to the adjustment described above, income tax expense is also adjusted for the cash tax benefits resulting from certain tax attributes, primarily the amortization of tax intangible assets resulting from or acquired with our acquisitions, the tax basis step up associated with our separation from Fifth Third and the purchase or exchange of Class B units of Vantiv Holding, net of payment obligations under TRAs established at the time of our IPOinitial public offering (“IPO”) and in connection with our acquisition of Mercury. The estimate of the cash tax benefits is based on the consistent and highly predictable realization of the underlying tax attributes.

In the fourth quarter of 2013, we entered into an agreement to terminate and settle in full our obligations to Advent and JPDN Enterprises, LLC, or JPDN, under the TRAs. AsThe following table provides a result, the full amountschedule of the tax adjustments discussed above which are reflected in the adjusted net income table below:
  Year Ended December 31,
  2017 2016
TRA Tax Benefits (a)
 $5,375
 $10,182
Acquired Tax Benefits (b)
 124,911
 65,978
Adjusted Tax Benefits (c)
 $130,286
 $76,160
(a) Represents the 15% benefit that we retain for the shared tax benefits related to the TRAs.
(b) Represents the tax benefits wholly owned by us, acquired through acquisition or termination of TRAs in which we retain 100% of the benefit.
(c) Represents the net cash tax benefits resultingbenefit retained by us from the realizationuse of the tax attributes, underlying the respective TRAs areas reflected in pro forma adjusted net income beginning with the fourth quarter of 2013.Tax Adjustments.
 
The table below provides a reconciliation of pro forma adjusted net income to GAAP income before applicable income taxes to the adjusted net income for the years ended December 31, 20142017 and 2013:2016:
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016
 (in thousands)
Income before applicable income taxes$813,712
 $422,724
Non-GAAP Adjustments:   
Transition, acquisition and integration costs130,146
 37,558
Share-based compensation47,855
 35,871
Intangible amortization217,849
 190,822
Non-operating (income) expenses(432,826) 36,256
Non-GAAP Adjusted Income Before Applicable Taxes776,736
 723,231
Less: Tax Adjustments   
Adjusted tax expense133,804
 184,203
   JV non-controlling interest1,804
 1,200
Adjusted Net Income$641,128
 $537,828


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 Year Ended December 31,
 2014 2013
 (in thousands)
Income before applicable taxes$235,167
 $291,900
Non-GAAP Adjustments:   
Transition, acquisition and integration costs38,482
 15,075
Share-based compensation42,171
 29,729
Intangible amortization198,563
 124,961
Non-operating (income) expense(177) 20,000
Non-GAAP Adjusted Income Before Applicable Taxes514,206
 481,665
Pro Forma Adjustments:   
Income tax expense adjustment(187,685) (185,441)
Tax adjustments46,462
 24,294
   Less: JV non-controlling interest(622) 
Pro Forma Adjusted Net Income$372,361
 $320,518


Results of Operations
 
The following tables set forth our statements of income in dollars and as a percentage of net revenue for the periods presented.
Year Ended
December 31,
    Year Ended December 31,    
2014 2013 $ Change % Change2017 2016 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
Revenue$2,577,203
 $2,108,077
 $469,126
 22 %$4,026,477
 $3,578,991
 $447,486
 13 %
Network fees and other costs1,174,665
 935,441
 239,224
 26
1,903,165
 1,674,230
 228,935
 14
Net revenue1,402,538
 1,172,636
 229,902
 20
2,123,312
 1,904,761
 218,551
 11
Sales and marketing396,353
 312,044
 84,309
 27
669,506
 582,251
 87,255
 15
Other operating costs242,439
 200,630
 41,809
 21
318,665
 294,235
 24,430
 8
General and administrative173,986
 121,707
 52,279
 43
295,101
 189,707
 105,394
 56
Depreciation and amortization275,069
 185,453
 89,616
 48
318,493
 270,054
 48,439
 18
Income from operations$314,691
 $352,802
 $(38,111) (11)%$521,547
 $568,514
 $(46,967) (8)%
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)20,077
 16,946
  
 18 %26,289
 24,973
  
 5 %
     
As a Percentage of Net RevenueYear Ended
December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
2014 20132017 2016
Net revenue100.0% 100.0%100.0% 100.0%
Sales and marketing28.3
 26.6
31.5
 30.6
Other operating costs17.3
 17.1
15.0
 15.4
General and administrative12.4
 10.4
13.9
 10.0
Depreciation and amortization19.6
 15.8
15.0
 14.2
Income from operations22.4% 30.1%24.6% 29.8%

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20142017 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20132016

Revenue

Revenue increased 22%13% to $2,577.2$4,026.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $2,108.1$3,579.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. The increase was due primarily to revenue growth in our Merchant segment offset by a slight decrease in revenue in our FI segment.

Network Fees and Other Costs

Network fees and other costs increased 14% to $1,903.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $1,674.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was due to a combination of transaction growth of 18%, including5% and higher network fees.

Net Revenue

Net revenue, which is revenue less network fees and other costs, increased 11% to $2,123.3 million for the impactyear ended December 31, 2017 from $1,904.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 due to the factors discussed above.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased 15% to $669.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $582.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue in our recentMerchant Services segment in connection with the continued penetration of small and mid-sized merchants.

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acquisitions, which expanded our integrated payments and ecommerce channels and contributed to higher revenue per transaction.

Network Fees and Other Costs

Network fees and other costs increased 26% to $1,174.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $935.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was due primarily to transaction growth of 18%, including the impact of our recent acquisitions, and to a lesser extent an increase in third party processing costs.

Net Revenue

Net revenue, which is revenue less network fees and other costs, increased 20% to $1,402.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $1,172.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 due to the factors discussed above.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased 27% to $396.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $312.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was attributable to our recent acquisitions, higher sales and marketing personnel and related costs and higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue.

Other Operating Costs
 
Other operating costs increased 21%8% to $242.4$318.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $200.6$294.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. When excluding transition, acquisition and integration costs, other operating costs increased 6% to $303.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $285.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase wasis primarily attributable to our recent acquisitions and an increase in information technology infrastructureand operation costs, in support of our revenue growth initiatives. Also contributingas well as $8.9 million relating to the increase was a $6.9 million increase in transition, acquisition and integration costs.of Paymetric.
 
General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased 43%56% to $174.0$295.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $121.7$189.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily attributable to our recent acquisitions, continued investment in our infrastructure in support of growth initiatives, and increases in2016. When excluding transition, acquisition and integration costs, andwhich include a $41.5 million charge related to a settlement agreement stemming from legacy litigation of an acquired company, as well as share-based compensation, of $16.5general and administrative costs increased 5% to $132.0 million and $12.4for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $125.2 million respectively.for the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense associated with our property, equipment and software increased 23% to $70.0$95.9 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $56.870.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. The increase during the year reflects depreciation expense associated with increased capital expenditures largely relatedis primarily attributable to our continued investment in information technology infrastructure in support of growth initiatives, as well as assets acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions.

Amortization expense associated with intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationship intangible assets, increased 59% to $205.1$222.6 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $128.7$199.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. The increase during the year is dueprimarily attributable to a $34.3 million charge related to phasing out a trade name and amortization expense related to intangible assets acquiredan increase in connection with our recent acquisitions, primarily consisting of amortization of customer relationship intangible assets.assets as a result of recent acquisitions.

Income from Operations

Income from operations decreased 11%8% to $314.7$521.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $352.8$568.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016.

Interest Expense—Net

Interest expense—net increased to $79.7140.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 from $40.9109.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. The increase in interest expense—net is primarily attributable to our June 2014October 2016 debt refinancing, which resulted in an increase in the amount of outstanding debt, of approximately $1.7 billion, as well asour recent incremental Term B loan and an increase in the applicable interest rates.

Non-Operating Income (Expense)

Non-operating income was $432.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily consisting of a gain relating to the impact to the TRA liability as a result of Tax Reform being enacted on December 22, 2017 and an unrealized gain relating to the change in the fair value of a deal contingent forward entered into in connection with the Worldpay acquisition, partially offset by the change in fair value of a TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury. Non-operating expense was $36.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA and a charge related to the October 2016 debt refinancing.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $631.0 million compared to $141.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, reflecting effective rates of 77.5% and 33.6%, respectively. The increase in income tax expense is primarily attributable to tax expense of $363.6 million as a result of an adjustment to deferred taxes for the change in tax rates resulting from Tax Reform being enacted on December 22, 2017.


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Non-Operating Income (Expense)Segment Results

Non-operating income (expense) was $0.2The following tables provide a summary of the components of segment profit for our two segments for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Merchant Services


Year Ended December 31,    
 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
 (dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$3,567,533
 $3,082,951
 $484,582
 16%
Network fees and other costs1,780,179
 1,537,072
 243,107
 16
Net revenue1,787,354
 1,545,879
 241,475
 16
Sales and marketing646,479
 557,942
 88,537
 16
Segment profit$1,140,875
 $987,937
 $152,938
 15%
Non-financial data: 
  
  
 

Transactions (in millions)22,747
 20,955
  
 9%

Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased 16% to $1,787.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, which consisted of a benefit recorded as a result of a reduction in certain TRA liabilities of $41.3 million, partially offset by $26.5 million in expenses related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities in June 2014 and expense of $14.6 million related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA. Non-operating expenses were $20.02017 from $1,545.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, which consisted2016. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2017 was due primarily to transaction growth of charges related to9% and a 7% increase in net revenue per transaction associated with our continued penetration of small and mid-sized merchants and $35.7 million in net revenue from the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities in May 2013.Paymetric acquisition.

Income Tax ExpenseSales and Marketing

Income taxSales and marketing expense increased 16% to $646.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $66.22017 from $557.9 million compared to $83.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, reflecting effective rates of 28.1% and 28.7%, respectively.  Our effective rate reflects the impact of our non-controlling interest not being taxed at the statutory corporate tax rates.2016. The decrease in our effective tax rate reflects the favorable impact of deductions relatedincrease was primarily attributable to Internal Revenue Code Section 199, which allows for the deduction of a portion of the income related to domestically produced computer software. This was partially offset by a decrease in non-controlling interests, which have been reduced over the last two years in connection with secondary offerings in May and August 2013 and June 2014. As our non-controlling interest declines to the point Vantiv Holding is a wholly-owned subsidiary, we expect our effective rate to increase to approximately 36.5%.

As a result of the acquisition of Litle, we generated tax benefits to be recognized over a period of 15 years from the date of the acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2014, these benefits were approximately $10.6 million. This benefit does not have an impact on our effective tax rate; however, these tax benefits are reflected in pro forma adjusted net income discussed above.

We are currently party to TRAs with Fifth Third which obligate us to makehigher residual payments to Fifth Third equal to 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in income taxes that we realizereferral partners as a result of certain tax basis increases and net operating losses. We retain the remaining 15% of cash savings. As we purchase units of Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third or as Fifth Third exchanges units of Vantiv Holding for cash or shares of Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock in the future, we expect the associated cash savings and the related TRA liability to increase as a result of additional tax basis increases. For a further discussion of TRAs, see the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section.

In the fourth quarter of 2013, we entered into tax receivable termination agreements with Advent and JPDN to terminate the obligations owed to them under the TRAs established at the time of our IPO. Under the terms of the tax receivable termination agreements, we paid approximately $112 million to Advent and $0.5 million to JPDN to settle approximately $254 million of obligations under the TRAs, the difference of which was recorded as an addition to paid-in capital. As a result of the termination agreements, the TRAs with Advent and JPDN were terminated and we have no further obligations to Advent or JPDN under the TRAs.  We remain obligated to pay amounts due to Fifth Third Bank under their TRAs.  As a result, we have reflected the retention of the full amount of the cash tax benefits resulting from the realization of the tax attributes underlying the Advent and JPDN TRAs in pro forma adjusted net income.

Simultaneously andincreased revenue in connection with the Mercury acquisition, we entered into the Mercury TRA. The Mercury TRA obligates us to make payments to the Mercury TRA Holders equal to 85%continued penetration of the amount of cash savings, if any, in income taxes that we realize as a result of certain tax basis increasessmall and net operating losses. We retain the remaining 15% of cash savings. Unlike the TRAs with Fifth Third, which are recorded based on the full undiscounted amount of the expected future payments, the Mercury TRA represents contingent consideration relating to an acquired business, which is recorded at fair value for financial reporting purposes.mid-sized merchants.

DuringFinancial Institution Services
 Year Ended December 31,    
 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
 (dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$458,944
 $496,040
 $(37,096) (7)%
Network fees and other costs122,986
 137,158
 (14,172) (10)
Net revenue335,958
 358,882
 (22,924) (6)
Sales and marketing23,027
 24,309
 (1,282) (5)
Segment profit$312,931
 $334,573
 $(21,642) (6)%
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)3,542
 4,018
  
 (12)%

Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment decreased 6% to $336.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014,2017 from $358.9 million for the cash savings associated withyear ended December 31, 2016. The decrease during the TRAs discussed aboveyear ended December 31, 2017 was due to the de-conversion of a major client and retained by us were approximately $35.9 million. The TRAs do not have an impact on our effective tax rate; however, savings retained by us are reflected in pro forma adjusted net income discussed above.$8.1 million relating to compression from the Fifth Third contract renewal.

Sales and Marketing
     Sales and marketing expense decreased 5% to $23.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.


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Segment Results

The following tables provide a summary of the components of segment profit for our two segments for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

Merchant Services


Year Ended
December 31,
    
 2014 2013 $ Change % Change
 (dollars in thousands)
  
  
  
  
Total revenue$2,100,367
 $1,639,157
 $461,210
 28%
Network fees and other costs1,033,801
 801,463
 232,338
 29
Net revenue1,066,566
 837,694
 228,872
 27
Sales and marketing367,998
 286,200
 81,798
 29
Segment profit$698,568
 $551,494
 $147,074
 27%
Non-financial data: 
  
  
 

Transactions (in millions)16,262
 13,333
  
 22%

Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased 27% to $1,066.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $837.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2014 was due primarily to transaction growth of 22%, including the impact of our recent acquisitions, which expanded our integrated payments and ecommerce channels and contributed to higher net revenue per transaction.

Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expense increased 29% to $368.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $286.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily attributable to our recent acquisitions, higher sales and marketing personnel and related costs and higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue.

Financial Institution Services

 Year Ended
December 31,
    
 2014 2013 $ Change % Change
 (dollars in thousands)
  
  
  
  
Total revenue$476,836
 $468,920
 $7,916
 2 %
Network fees and other costs140,864
 133,978
 6,886
 5
Net revenue335,972
 334,942
 1,030
 
Sales and marketing28,355
 25,844
 2,511
 10
Segment profit$307,617
 $309,098
 $(1,481)  %
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)3,815
 3,613
  
 6 %

Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased slightly to $336.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $334.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The slight increase during the year ended December 31, 2014 was due primarily to an increase in transactions and value-added services revenue. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in net revenue per transaction, which was driven by continued pricing compression and a continuing shift in the mix of our client portfolio, resulting in a lower rate per transaction.

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Sales and Marketing
     Sales and marketing expense increased 10% to $28.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $25.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, due primarily to personnel related costs associated with our product initiatives.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20132016 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20122015

The following tables set forth our statements of income in dollars and as a percentage of net revenue for the periods presented.
Year Ended
December 31,
    Year Ended December 31,    
2013 2012 $ Change % Change2016 2015 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
Revenue$2,108,077
 $1,863,239
 $244,838
 13%$3,578,991
 $3,159,938
 $419,053
 13 %
Network fees and other costs935,441
 840,597
 94,844
 11
1,674,230
 1,478,202
 196,028
 13
Net revenue1,172,636
 1,022,642
 149,994
 15
1,904,761
 1,681,736
 223,025
 13
Sales and marketing312,044
 280,644
 31,400
 11
582,251
 503,949
 78,302
 16
Other operating costs200,630
 158,374
 42,256
 27
294,235
 284,066
 10,169
 4
General and administrative121,707
 118,231
 3,476
 3
189,707
 182,369
 7,338
 4
Depreciation and amortization185,453
 160,538
 24,915
 16
270,054
 276,942
 (6,888) (2)
Income from operations$352,802
 $304,855
 $47,947
 16%$568,514
 $434,410
 $134,104
 31 %
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)16,946
 15,362
  
 10%24,973
 22,991
  
 9 %
 
As a Percentage of Net RevenueYear Ended
December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
2013 20122016 2015
Net revenue100.0% 100.0%100.0% 100.0%
Sales and marketing26.6
 27.4
30.6
 30.0
Other operating costs17.1
 15.5
15.4
 16.9
General and administrative10.4
 11.6
10.0
 10.8
Depreciation and amortization15.8
 15.7
14.2
 16.5
Income from operations30.1% 29.8%29.8% 25.8%

 Revenue

Revenue increased 13% to $2,108.1$3,579.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20132016 from $1,863.2$3,159.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.2015. The increase was due primarily to transaction growth of 10%, including the impact9%. Additionally, growth in our Merchant Services segment as a result of our recent acquisitions, which have expanded our ecommercecontinued penetration of small and integrated payments channels and havemid-sized merchants contributed to higher net revenue per transaction.

Network Fees and Other Costs

Network fees and other costs increased 11%13% to $935.4$1,674.2 million for the year ended December 31, 20132016 from $840.6$1,478.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.2015. The increase was due primarily to a combination of transaction growth of 10%9% and higher network fees due to a shift in transaction mix as a result of our recent acquisitions, partially offset by debit routing benefits and a reduction of third party processing fees as we transitioned clients to our processing platform.rising pass through expenses.

Net Revenue

Net revenue, which is revenue less network fees and other costs, increased 15%13% to $1,172.6$1,904.8 million for the year ended December 31, 20132016 from $1,022.6$1,681.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20122015 due to the factors discussed above.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased 16% to $582.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $503.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue in our Merchant Services segment in connection with the continued penetration of small and mid-sized merchants.


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Other Operating Costs

Other operating costs increased 4% to $294.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $284.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. When excluding transition, acquisition and integration costs, other operating costs increased 11% to $285.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $256.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the information technology and operation costs, in support of our revenue growth.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased 4% to $189.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $182.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. When excluding transition, acquisition and integration costs as well as share-based compensation, general and administrative costs increased 7% to $125.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $117.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. General and administrative expenses continue to grow slower than net revenue as we continue to drive efficiencies in the back office.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense associated with our property, equipment and software decreased to $70.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $76.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Amortization expense associated with intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationship intangible assets, decreased to $199.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $200.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Income from Operations

Income from operations increased 31% to $568.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $434.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Interest Expense—Net

Interest expense—net increased to $109.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $105.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in interest expense—net is primarily attributable to our interest rate swaps.

Non-Operating Income (Expense)

Non-operating expenses were $36.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury and a charge related to the October 2016 debt refinancing. Non-operating expense was $31.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $141.9 million compared to $88.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, reflecting effective rates of 33.6% and 29.6%, respectively. Our effective rate reflects the impact of our non-controlling interest not being taxed at the statutory corporate tax rates. As our non-controlling interest declines to the point Vantiv Holding is a wholly-owned subsidiary, we expense our effective rate to increase to approximately 36.0%.

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Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased 11% to $312.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $280.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was attributable to higher sales and marketing personnel and related costs and higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue.

Other Operating Costs

Other operating costs increased 27% to $200.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $158.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to our recent acquisitions and an increase in information technology infrastructure and personnel costs in support of growth initiatives. Also contributing to the increase was a $7.2 million increase in transition, acquisition and integration costs.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased 3% to $121.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $118.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel and related costs and professional service costs associated with our recent acquisitions, partially offset by a decrease of $3.1 million in transition, acquisition and integration costs and a decrease in share-based compensation of $3.7 million.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense associated with our property, equipment and software increased 40% to $56.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $40.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase during the year reflects depreciation expense associated with increased capital expenditures largely related to our continued investment in information technology infrastructure in support of growth initiatives, as well as assets acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions.

Amortization expense associated with intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationship intangible assets, increased 7% to $128.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $119.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase during the year is the result of intangible assets acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions, primarily consisting of amortization of customer relationship intangible assets.

Income from Operations

Income from operations increased 16% to $352.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $304.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Interest Expense-Net

Interest expense—net decreased to $40.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $54.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease in interest expense—net reflects our debt refinancing in March 2012, which resulted in a reduction of our outstanding debt at the time of the refinancing to approximately $1.3 billion from $1.8 billion, as well as a reduction in the applicable interest rate. Our May 2013 debt refinancing resulted in an increase in the amount of debt by approximately $650 million, the impact of which was substantially offset by the reduction in applicable interest rates.

Non-Operating Expenses

Non-operating expenses were $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, which consisted of charges related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities in May 2013. Non-operating expenses were $92.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and consisted of $86.7 million in charges related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities and the early termination of our interest rate swaps in connection with our March 2012 debt refinancing as well as a $6.0 million one-time activity fee assessed by MasterCard as a result of our IPO.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $83.8 million compared to $46.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, reflecting effective rates of 28.7% and 29.7%, respectively.  Our effective rate also reflects the

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impact of our non-controlling interest not being taxed at the statutory corporate tax rates. The decrease in our effective rate reflects the impact of the mix of income earned by our various legal entities, partially offset by the decrease in non-controlling interest, which was reduced in connection with the secondary offerings in May and August 2013. As our non-controlling interest declines to the point Vantiv Holding is a wholly-owned subsidiary, we expect our effective rate to increase to approximately 38.5%.

As a result of the acquisition of Litle, we generated tax benefits to be recognized over a period of 15 years from the date of the acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2013, these benefits were approximately $10.6 million. This benefit does not have an impact on our effective tax rate; however, these tax benefits are reflected in pro forma adjusted net income discussed above.

In connection with our IPO, we entered into four TRAs with our pre-IPO investors. The TRAs obligate us to make payments to such investors equal to 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in income taxes that we realize as a result of certain tax basis increases and net operating losses. We will retain the remaining 15% of cash savings. As we purchase units of Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third or as Fifth Third exchanges units of Vantiv Holding for cash or shares of Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock in the future, we expect the associated cash savings to increase as a result of additional tax basis increases. For a further discussion of TRAs, see the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section.

In the fourth quarter of 2013, we entered into tax receivable termination agreements with Advent and JPDN to terminate the obligations owed to them under the TRAs established at the time of our IPO. Under the terms of the tax receivable termination agreements, we paid approximately $112 million to Advent and $0.5 million to JPDN to settle approximately $254 million of obligations under the TRAs, the difference of which was recorded as an addition to paid-in capital. As a result of the termination agreements, the TRAs with Advent and JPDN were terminated and we have no further obligations to Advent or JPDN under the TRAs.  We remain obligated to pay amounts due to Fifth Third Bank under their TRAs.  As a result, we have reflected the retention of the full amount of the cash tax benefits resulting from the realization of the tax attributes underlying the Advent and JPDN TRAs in pro forma adjusted net income.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, the cash savings associated with the TRAs retained by us were approximately $13.7 million. The TRAs do not have an impact on our effective tax rate; however, savings retained by us are reflected in pro forma adjusted net income discussed above.

Segment Results

The following tables provide a summary of the components of segment profit for our two segments for the years ended December 31, 20132016 and 2012.2015.

Merchant Services
Year Ended
December 31,
    
2013 2012 $ Change % ChangeYear Ended December 31,    
(dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ Change % Change
 
  
  
  
(dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$1,639,157
 $1,409,158
 $229,999
 16%$3,082,951
 $2,656,906
 $426,045
 16%
Network fees and other costs801,463
 709,341
 92,122
 13
1,537,072
 1,321,312
 215,760
 16
Net revenue837,694
 699,817
 137,877
 20
1,545,879
 1,335,594
 210,285
 16
Sales and marketing286,200
 255,887
 30,313
 12
557,942
 478,736
 79,206
 17
Segment profit$551,494
 $443,930
 $107,564
 24%$987,937
 $856,858
 $131,079
 15%
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)13,333
 11,912
  
 12%20,955
 18,959
  
 11%
 
Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased 16% to $1,545.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $1,335.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2016 was due primarily to transaction growth of 11% and a 5% increase in net revenue per transaction associated with our continued penetration of small and mid-sized merchants.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased 17% to $557.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $478.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue in connection with the continued penetration of small and mid-sized merchants.

Financial Institution Services
46
 Year Ended December 31,    
 2016 2015 $ Change % Change
 (dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$496,040
 $503,032
 $(6,992) (1)%
Network fees and other costs137,158
 156,890
 (19,732) (13)
Net revenue358,882
 346,142
 12,740
 4
Sales and marketing24,309
 25,213
 (904) (4)
Segment profit$334,573
 $320,929
 $13,644
 4 %
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)4,018
 4,032
  
  %
Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased 4% to $358.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $346.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2016 was due to a 4% increase in net revenue per transaction primarily due to value-added services including the impact of EMV card reissuance and fraud related services.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expense decreased $0.9 million to $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.


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Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased 20% to $837.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $699.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2013 was due primarily to transaction growth of 12%, including the impact of our recent acquisitions, and debit routing benefits. Additionally, our recent acquisitions have expanded our ecommerce and integrated payments channels and contributed to higher net revenue per transaction.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased 12% to $286.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $255.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to our recent acquisitions, higher sales and marketing personnel and related costs and higher residual payments to referral partners as a result of increased revenue.

Financial Institution Services
 Year Ended
December 31,
    
 2013 2012 $ Change % Change
 (dollars in thousands)
  
  
  
  
Total revenue$468,920
 $454,081
 $14,839
 3%
Network fees and other costs133,978
 131,256
 2,722
 2
Net revenue334,942
 322,825
 12,117
 4
Sales and marketing25,844
 24,757
 1,087
 4
Segment profit$309,098
 $298,068
 $11,030
 4%
Non-financial data: 
  
  
  
Transactions (in millions)3,613
 3,450
  
 5%
Net Revenue

Net revenue in this segment increased 4% to $334.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $322.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2013 was due primarily to an increase in transactions and higher value-added services revenue. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in net revenue per transaction, which was driven by a shift in the mix of our client portfolio, resulting in a lower rate per transaction.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expense increased 4% to $25.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $24.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, due primarily to personnel related costs associated with our product initiatives.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our liquidity is funded primarily through cash provided by operations, debt and a line of credit, which is generally sufficient to fund our operations, planned capital expenditures, tax distributions made to our non-controlling interest holders, required payments under TRAs,our TRA agreements, debt service and acquisitions. However, because payments under the TRAs are determined based on realized cash savings resulting from the underlying tax attributes, a period of declining profitability would result in a corresponding reduction in our TRA payments, thus resulting in the TRA having a minimal effect on our liquidity and capital resources. As of December 31, 2014,2017, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of $411.6126.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $425.0 million of availability under the revolving portion of our senior secured credit facilities. Our total indebtedness, including capital leases, was $3.4$5.7 billion as of December 31, 2014. On January 6, 2015, the Company made an early principal payment of $200 million on the term B loan.2017.

During 2014, we continued to repurchase shares of our Class A common stock under various programs approved by our board of directors. We repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares for approximately $59.4 million under these programs during the year ended December 31, 2014. We have approximately $275$243 million of share repurchase authority remaining as of December 31, 20142017 under a program authorized by the board of directors on February 12, 2014in October 2016 to repurchase up to an additional $300$250 million of our Class A common stock.

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Purchases under the repurchase programprograms are allowed from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The manner, timing, and amount of any purchases are determined by management based on an evaluation of market conditions, stock price, and other factors. The share repurchase program hasprograms have no expiration date and we may discontinue purchases at any time that management determines additional purchases are not warranted.

In connection with our IPO, we entered into the Exchange Agreement with Fifth Third, under which Fifth Third has the right, from time to time, to exchange their units in Vantiv Holding for shares of our Class A common stock or, at our option, cash. If we choose to satisfy the exchange in cash, we anticipate that we will fund such exchange through cash from operations, funds available under the revolving portion of our senior secured credit facilities, equity financings or a combination thereof.

WeExcept for the dividend paid in connection with the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, we do not intend to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. is a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of its own. As a result, Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.’s ability to pay cash dividends on its common stock, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions and other transfers from Vantiv Holding, which are subject to certain Fifth Third consent rights in the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. These consent rights require the approval of Fifth Third for certain significant matters, including the payment of all distributions by Vantiv Holding other than certain permitted distributions, which relate primarily to the payment of tax distributions and tax-related obligations.Holding. The amounts available to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. to pay cash dividends are also subject to the covenants and distribution restrictions in its subsidiaries’ loan agreements.
 
In addition to principal needs for liquidity discussed above, our strategy includes investing in and leveraging our integrated business model and technology platform, broadening and deepening our distribution channels, entry into new geographic markets and development of additional payment processing services. Our near-term priorities for capital allocation include debt reduction, and investing in our operations to support organic growth.growth, and share repurchases. Long-term priorities remain unchanged and include investing for growth through strategic acquisitions and returning excess capital to shareholders.

 We anticipate that to the extent that we require additional liquidity, it will be funded through the incurrence of other indebtedness, equity financings or a combination thereof. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain this additional liquidity on reasonable terms, or at all. Additionally, our liquidity and our ability to meet our obligations and fund our capital requirements are also dependent on our future financial performance, which is subject to general economic, financial and other factors that are beyond our control. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available under our credit facilities or otherwise to meet our liquidity needs. If we decide to pursue one or more significant acquisitions, we may incur additional debt or sell additional equity to finance such acquisitions.

Cash Flows
 
The following table presents a summary of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 (in thousands). The year ended December 31, 2017 reflects restricted cash and the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 have been adjusted as a result of the early adoption of two new accounting pronouncements in 2017 as discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Year Ended
 December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
2014 2013 20122017 2016 2015
Net cash provided by operating activities$592,905
 $480,622
 $293,114
$784,811
 $645,135
 $727,580
Net cash used in investing activities(1,798,956) (228,298) (417,291)(684,123) (570,121) (126,727)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,446,192
 (147,955) (179,314)1,032,367
 (132,962) (815,325)
 
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $592.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 as compared to $480.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.  The increase is due primarily to changes in working capital, principally due to the favorable impact of year-over-year changes in net settlement assets and obligations and accounts payable and accrued expenses. Settlement assets and obligations can fluctuate due to seasonality as well as the day of the month end.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $480.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to $293.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase is due primarily to an increase in net income and changes

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Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $784.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $645.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase is due primarily to changes in working capital, principallyaccounts receivable and net settlement assets and obligations. Settlement assets and obligations can fluctuate due to changesseasonality as well as day of the month end.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $645.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to $727.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease is due primarily to an increase in accounts receivable balance and a decrease in net settlement assets and obligations. Settlement assets and obligations can fluctuate due to seasonality as well as the day of the month end.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,799.0$684.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 as compared to $228.3$570.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Mercury as well as an increase in capital expenditures and the acquisition of customer portfolios and related assetsPaymetric.

Net cash used in investing activities was $228.3570.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20132016 as compared to $417.3126.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.2015. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to the acquisition of Litle duringMoneris USA as well as an increase in capital expenditures and premium paid to enter into the year ended December 31, 2012, partially offset by cash used to fund the acquisition of Element during the year ended December 31, 2013.interest rate caps.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,446.2$1,032.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20142017 as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $148.0$133.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.2016. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 20142017 consisted primarily of proceeds from the June 2014 refinancing,issuance of additional seven-year term B loans, proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, partially offset by the purchase of Class A common stock from Fifth Third, repayment of existing debt and related debt issuance costs, repurchasescapital leases, payments under tax receivable agreements and addendums, and distributions to non-controlling interests.
Net cash used in financing activities was $133.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to $815.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 consisted primarily of payments and settlements made under tax receivable agreements, the repurchase of Class A common stock and distributions to non-controlling interests. Cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2013 primarily reflects the net impact of the May 2013 debt refinancing, share repurchases and the settlement of certain TRA obligations as discussed above. Cash used in financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 also reflects $22.9 million and $41.2 million, respectively, of distributions made to our non-controlling interest holders.

Net cash used in financing activities was $148.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to $179.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. Cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2013 reflects incremental funds of approximately $650.0 million received in connection with our debt refinancing in May 2013, substantiallypartially offset by $503.2 million used to fund share repurchases and $112.6 million paid in connection withproceeds from the settlement of certain TRA obligations as discussed above. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we also made tax distributions of $41.2 million to our non-controlling interest holders. Cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily reflects the net impact of our IPO proceeds and March 2012October 2016 debt refinancing, including payment of related debt issuance costs, which resulted in an outflow of approximately $81.1 million. As a result of transactions related to our IPO, we made distributions of approximately $55.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we also made repayments of debt and capital lease obligations of $93.7 million and tax distributions of $32.6 million to our non-controlling interest holders.refinancing.

Credit Facilities

On June 13, 2014, Vantiv, LLC completed a debt refinancing by entering into an amended and restated loan agreement ("Amended Loan Agreement"). The Amended Loan Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities comprised of a $2.05 billion term A loan, a $1.4 billion term B loan and a $425 million revolving credit facility. Proceeds from the refinancing were primarily used to fund the Mercury acquisition and repay the prior term A loan. At December 31, 2014, the Company has2017, we have $2.3 billion, $2.0 billion and $1.4$1.1 billion outstanding under theour term A andloans, term B loans and senior unsecured notes, respectively, and there were no outstanding borrowings of $225.0 million on the Company'sour revolving credit facility. On January 6, 2015, the Company made an early principal payment of $200 million on the term B loan. See additional discussion in Note 6 - Long-Term Debt to the Notes to Consolidatedin “Item 8 - Financial Statements.Statements and Supplementary Data.”

The AmendedExisting Loan Agreement at December 31, 2017 requires us to maintain a leverage ratio no greater than 4.75 to 1.00 (based upon the ratio of total funded debt to consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the loan agreement) and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 4.00 to 1.00 (based upon the ratio of consolidated EBITDA to interest expense). As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with these covenants with a leverage ratio of 4.03 to 1.00 and an interest coverage ratio of 8.73 to 1.00.

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As of the completion of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition on January 16, 2018, our outstanding debt consisted of the following (in thousands): 
 January 16,
2018
Term A-5 loan, maturing in January 2023(1)
$3,771,731
Term A-3 loan, maturing in October 2021(2)
179,175
Term B-4 loan, maturing in August 2024(3)
1,805,000
Term B-3 loan, maturing in October 2023(4)
757,350
Senior Unsecured Dollar Notes, maturing in November 2025(5)
500,000
Senior Unsecured Sterling Notes, maturing in November 2025(6)
648,859
Senior Unsecured Euro Note, expiring in November 2022(7)
613,175
Leasehold mortgage, expiring on August 10, 2021(8)
10,131
Notes payable and note payable to related party$8,285,421
(1)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (225 basis points) (total rate of 3.81% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 1.25% per quarter during each of the first twelve quarters (June 2018 through March 2021), 1.875% per quarter during the next four quarters (June 2021 through March 2022) and 2.50% per quarter during the next three quarters (June 2022 through December 2022) with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(2)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.56% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 1.32% per quarter during each of the first eight quarters (March 2018 through December 2019), 1.97% per quarter during the next four quarters (March 2020 through December 2020) and 2.63% per quarter during the next three quarters (March 2021 through September 2021) with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.56% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(4)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.56% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(5)
$500 million principal senior unsecured notes with interest payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 4.375% and principal due upon maturity.
(6)
£470 million principal senior unsecured notes with interest payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 3.875% and principal due upon maturity. The spot rate of 1.3806 U.S. dollars per Pound Sterling at January 16, 2018 was used to translate the Note to U.S. dollars.
(7)
€500 million principal senior unsecured note with interest payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 3.75% and principal due upon maturity. The spot rate of 1.2264 U.S. dollars per Euro at January 16, 2018 was used to translate the Note to U.S. dollars.
(8)
Interest payable monthly at a fixed rate of 6.22%.

Prior to the closing of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, we entered into multiple amendments to the Existing Loan Agreement, which became effective at the closing of the acquisition. The resulting incremental funding is as follows:

$1.605 billion of additional five-year term Tranche A-5 loans (included in table above)
$535.0 million of additional seven-year term Tranche B-4 loans (included in table above)
$600.0 million of additional revolving credit commitments, resulting in total available revolving credit of $1.25 billion (no outstanding balance at January 16, 2018)
$594.5 million backstop Tranche B-2 (no outstanding balance at January 16, 2018)

The amendments to the Existing Loan Agreement, as of the completion of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, requires us to maintain a leverage ratio no greater than established thresholds (based upon the ratio of total funded debt to consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the loan agreement) and a minimum interest coverage ratio (based upon the ratio of consolidated EBITDA to interest expense), which are tested quarterly based on the last four fiscal quarters, commencing on September 30, 2014.quarters. The required financial ratios become more restrictive over time, with the specific ratios required by period set forth in the below table.

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Period 
Leverage
Ratio
(must not exceed)
 
Interest Coverage
Ratio
(must exceed)
January 16, 2018 to September 30, 2014 to March 31, 20152018 6.50 to 1.00 4.00 to 1.00
June 30, 2015December 31, 2018 to September 30, 20162019 6.255.75 to 1.00 4.00 to 1.00
December 31, 20162019 to September 30, 20172020 5.505.00 to 1.00 4.00 to 1.00
December 31, 2017 to September 30, 20184.75 to 1.004.00 to 1.00
December 31, 20182020 and thereafter 4.25 to 1.00 4.00 to 1.00
As of December 31, 2014, we were in compliance with these covenants with a leverage ratio of 4.80 to 1.00 and an interest coverage ratio of 9.80 to 1.00.
Interest Rate Swaps

As of December 31, 2014, the Company had a total of 18 outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. Of the 18 outstanding interest rate swaps, 12 of them cover an exposure period from June 2014 through June 2017 and have a combined notional balance of $1.3 billion (amortizing to $1.1 billion). The remaining six interest rate swaps cover an exposure period from January 2016 through January 2019 and have a combined notional balance of $500 million. Fifth Third is the counterparty to 7 of the 18 outstanding interest rate swaps with notional balances ranging from $318.8 million to $250.0 million.

Tax Receivable Agreements
We are party to tax receivable agreements with Fifth Third Bank, which were executed in connection with our IPO. One provides for the payment by us to Fifth Third Bank of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that we actually realize as a result of the increases in tax basis that may result from the purchase of Vantiv Holding units from Fifth Third Bank or from the future exchange of units by Fifth Third Bank for cash or shares of our Class A common stock, as well as the tax benefits attributable to payments made under such tax receivable agreement. Any actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of our income. The other tax receivable agreement provides for the payment by us to Fifth Third Bank of 85% of the amount of cash savings according to Fifth Third Bank's respective ownership interests in Vantiv Holding immediately prior to our initial public offering, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that NPC actually realizes as a result of its use of its NOLs and other tax attributes.
Simultaneously and in connection with the completion of the Mercury acquisition, the Company entered into the Mercury TRA with the Mercury TRA Holders. The Mercury TRA generally provides for the payment by us to the Mercury TRA Holders of 85% of the value of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company actually realizes as a result of the increase in tax basis of the assets of Mercury and the use of the net operating losses and other tax attributes of Mercury.

All TRA obligations are recorded based on the full and undiscounted amount of the expected future payments, except for the Mercury TRA which represents contingent consideration relating to an acquired business, and is recorded at fair value for financial reporting purposes. The following table reflects TRA activity and balances for the year ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

 Balance as of December 31, 2013 2014 TRA Payment 2014 Secondary Offering Acquisition of Mercury Change in Value Balance as of December 31, 2014
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$494,500
 $(726) $109,400
 $
 $(38,769) $564,405
TRA with all pre-IPO investors65,200
 (7,913) 
 
 (1,630) 55,657
Mercury TRA
 
 
 137,860
 14,560
 152,420
Total$559,700
 $(8,639) $109,400
 $137,860
 $(25,839) $772,482


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Payments under each
Interest Rate Swaps and Caps

As of December 31, 2017, we have a total of 4 outstanding interest rate swaps and 6 interest rate cap agreements that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for more information about the interest rate swaps and caps.

Tax Receivable Agreements
As of December 31, 2017, we are party to several TRAs in which we agree to make payments to various parties of 85% of the federal, state, local and foreign income tax benefits realized by us as a result of certain tax deductions. Unless amended as discussed further below, payments under the TRAs discussed abovewill be based on our tax reporting positions and are only required to the extent we realize cash savings as a result of the underlying tax attributes. The cash savings realized by us are computed by comparing our actual income tax liability to the amount of such taxes we would have been required to pay had there been no deductions related to the tax attributes discussed above.  We will retainattributes. Under the benefitagreement between us and Fifth Third dated August 7, 2017, in certain specified circumstances, we may be required to make payments in excess of such cash savings.

Obligations recorded pursuant to the TRAs are based on estimates of future deductions and future tax rates. On an annual basis, we evaluate the assumptions underlying the TRA obligations.

On December 22, 2017 the President of the remaining 15%United States signed into law Tax Reform, which amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits and deductions for businesses. The changes to the federal tax rate and other modifications of thesethe tax savings.code have a material impact on TRA benefits related to the 2018 and future tax years. As a result of Tax Reform, we reduced our TRA liability to reflect the impact of the lower rate for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 by $418.9 million.
    
In connection with the Fifth Third share purchase discussed in Note 9 - Controlling and Non-controlling Interests in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and supplementary data”, we recorded a liability of approximately $647.5 million during the
quarter ending September 30, 2017 under the tax receivable agreements we entered into with Fifth Third Bank at the time of our IPO. This liability is based on the closing share price of our Class A common stock on August 4, 2017.

In July 2016, we entered into a purchase addendum in connection with our TRA with Fifth Third (the “Fifth Third TRA Addendum”) to terminate and settle a portion of our obligations owed to Fifth Third under the Fifth Third TRA and the NPC TRA. We are granted call options (collectively, the “Fifth Third Call Options”) pursuant to which certain additional obligations under the Fifth Third TRA and the NPC TRA would be terminated and settled in consideration for cash payments. In the unlikely event we do not exercise Fifth Third Call Options, Fifth Third is granted put options pursuant to which certain these obligations would also be terminated in consideration for cash payments with similar amounts to the Fifth Third Call Options.

Under the terms of the Fifth Third TRA Addendum, we made payments of approximately $63.4 million and $116.3 million to settle approximately $157.6 million and $330.7 million of Fifth Third TRA obligations in 2017 and 2016, respectively, the difference of the obligations settled and the cash paid was recorded as an addition to paid-in capital, net of deferred taxes. The remaining call/put options, if exercised require payments of $25.6 million, $26.4 million, $27.2 million and $28.1 million, effectively due on March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Since Fifth Third was a significant stockholder in 2016, a special committee of our board of directors comprised of independent, disinterested directors authorized the TRA Addendum.

During 2015, we entered into the Mercury TRA Addendum with each of the pre-acquisition owners of Mercury ("Mercury TRA Holders"). We exercised all previous eligible options. We have two remaining options that can be exercised beginning December 1st of each 2017 and 2018, and ending June 30th of 2018 and 2019, pursuant to which certain additional obligations under the Mercury TRA would be terminated in consideration for cash payments of $38.0 million and $43.0 million, respectively. In the unlikely event we do not exercise the relevant Mercury Call Option, the Mercury TRA Holders are granted put options to which certain these obligations would also be terminated in consideration for cash payments with similar amounts to the Mercury Call Options.

Except to the extent our obligations under the Mercury TRA, the Fifth Third TRA and the NPC TRA have been terminated and settled in full in accordance with the terms of the Mercury TRA and Fifth Third TRA Addendums, the Mercury

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TRA, Fifth Third TRA and the NPC TRA will each remain in effect, and the parties thereto will continue to have all rights and obligations thereunder.

All TRA obligations are recorded based on the full and undiscounted amount of the expected future payments, except for the Mercury TRA which represents contingent consideration relating to an acquired business, and is recorded at fair value for financial reporting purposes (see Note 15 - Fair Value Measurements in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”). The following table reflects TRA activity and balances for the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
 Balance as of December 31, 2016 2017 TRA Payment 2017 TRA Settlements 2017 Fifth Third Share Purchase 
Change in Value(1)
 Balance as of December 31, 2017
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$642,332
 $(33,355) $(157,626) $647,507
 $(418,858) $680,000
Mercury TRA147,040
 (22,340) (38,100) 
 13,971
 100,571
Total$789,372
 $(55,695) $(195,726) $647,507
 $(404,887) $780,571
(1) Change in TRA with Fifth Third bank is due to Tax Reform.

The timing and/or amount of aggregate payments due under the TRAs outside of the call/put structures may vary based on a number of factors, including the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future and the tax rate then applicable, the use of loss carryovers and amortizable basis. Payments under the TRAs, if necessary, are required to be made no later than January 5th5th of the second year immediately following the current taxable year.  The first contractually obligated payment underyear in which the TRA obligations, approximately $8.6 million, was paid during January 2014. An additionalobligation occurred. We made a payment under the TRA obligations of approximately $22.8$61.7 million was paid duringin January 2015.2018. The January 2018 payment is recorded as current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations on the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position. Unless settled under the terms of the repurchase addenda, the term of the TRAs will continue until all suchthe underlying tax benefits have been utilized or expired, unlessexpired.

If Fifth Third Bank had exchanged its remaining Class B units of Vantiv Holding all for shares of Class A common stock on December 31, 2017, we exercise our rightwould have recorded an additional full and undiscounted TRA obligation of approximately $350 million. This estimate is subject to terminate the TRAs for an amountmaterial change based on changes in Fifth Third Bank’s tax basis in the agreed payments remaining to be made under the agreements.partnership interest, changes in tax rates, or significant changes in our stock price.

See additional discussion in Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements to the Notes to Consolidatedin “Item 8 - Financial Statements.Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Contractual Obligations
 
The following table summarizes our (including Legacy Worldpay) contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2014:

2017:
   Payments Due By Period
 Total 
Less than
1 year
 1 - 3 Years 3 - 5 Years 
More than
5 Years
   (in thousands)
Operating leases$36,676
 $5,725
 $8,954
 $7,982
 $14,015
Capital leases23,542
 8,505
 14,403
 634
 
Borrowings(a)3,915,345
 212,834
 443,145
 1,850,533
 1,408,833
Purchase commitments:         
Technology and telecommunications(b)64,359
 36,403
 26,934
 1,022
 
Processing Services(c)7,950
 5,445
 1,785
 720
 
Other6,383
 2,533
 2,989
 861
 
Obligations under TRAs1,246,318
 22,805
 120,863
 131,549
 971,101
Total$5,300,573
 $294,250
 $619,073
 $1,993,301
 $2,393,949
          
   Payments Due By Period
 Total 
Less than
1 year
 1 - 3 Years 3 - 5 Years 
More than
5 Years
   (in thousands)
Operating leases$222,031
 $35,631
 $58,191
 $42,271
 $85,938
Capital leases50,969
 30,591
 20,378
 
 
Borrowings(1)
10,214,044
 487,761
 1,060,257
 1,959,153
 6,706,873
Purchase commitments(2)(3)
168,486
 60,419
 54,507
 29,560
 24,000
Obligations under TRAs(4)
750,767
 207,075
 100,264
 52,040
 391,388
Total$11,406,297
 $821,477
 $1,293,597
 $2,083,024
 $7,208,199
          
(a)
(1)
Represents principal and variable interest payments due under our senior unsecured notes, senior secured credit facilities and ourthe loan agreement for our corporate headquarters facility as of December 31, 2014.2017. Interest payments are approximately as follows: $96.3$315.7 million for less than 1 year; $184.5$607.9 million for 1 - 3 years; $156.7$561.5 million for 3 - 5 years and $75.9$268.1 million for more than 5 years. Variable interest payments were calculated using interest rates as of December 31, 2014.
2017.
(b)
(2)
Includes obligations related to software licenses, software maintenance support and telecommunication and network services.
(c)
(3)
We have agreements with third-party processors to provide gateway authorization and other processing services. These agreements require us to submit a minimum number of transactions for processing. If we submit a number of transactions that is less than the minimum, we are required to pay the third party processor'sprocessor’s fees that they would have received if we had submitted the required minimum number of transactions. Processing services includes amounts due under network sponsorship agreements.

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(4)
Represents estimated TRA payments to various parties and cash payments to exercise the call options pursuant to which certain additional obligations of the Company under the Fifth Third and Mercury TRAs would be terminated. See Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for more details.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our audited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our critical estimates giving consideration to a combination of factors, including historical experience, current conditions and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.


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The accounting policies we believe to be most critical to understanding our financial results and condition and that require complex and subjective management judgments are discussed below.

Revenue Recognition
 
We have contractual agreements with our clients that set forth the general terms and conditions of the relationship including line item pricing, payment terms and contract duration. Revenues are recognized as earned (i.e., for transaction based fees, when the underlying transaction is processed) in conjunction with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, establishes guidance as to when revenue is realized or realizable and earned by using the following criteria: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the seller’s price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured.
 
We follow guidance provided in ASC 605-45, Principal Agent Considerations. ASC 605-45, Principal Agent Considerations, states that the determination of whether a company should recognize revenue based on the gross amount billed to a customer or the net amount retained is a matter of judgment that depends on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement and that certain factors should be considered in the evaluation. We recognize processing revenues net of interchange fees, which are assessed to our merchant customers on all processed transactions. Interchange rates are not controlled by us, in which we effectively act as a clearing house collecting and remitting interchange fee settlement on behalf of issuing banks, debit networks, credit card associations and its processing customers. All other revenue is reported on a gross basis, as we contract directly with the end customer, assume the risk of loss and have pricing flexibility. See Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for changes effective January 1, 2018 as a result of our adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts with Customers.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, we test goodwill for impairment for our twoeach reporting units (Merchant Services and Financial Institution Services)unit on an annual basis, or when events occur or circumstances change that would indicate the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. These reporting units are also the segments for which we report financial results. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that fair value of the goodwill within the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. We performed our most recent annual goodwill impairment test for all reporting units as of July 31, 20142017 using market data and discounted cash flow analysis.analyses. Based on this analysis, it was determined that the fair value of all reporting units waswere substantially in excess of the carrying value. There have been no other events or changes in circumstances subsequent to the testing date that would indicate impairment of these reporting units as of December 31, 2017.

Intangible assets consist of acquired customer relationships, trade names, and customer portfolios and related assets that are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We review finite lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

Income Taxes
We are taxed as a C corporation for U.S. income tax purposes and are therefore subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level.
Income taxes are computed in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding income tax amounts. We have deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintain valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent we determine that we will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, such deferred tax assets will be adjusted through our provision for income taxes in the period in which this determination is made. As of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 we had recorded no valuation allowances against deferred tax assets.

Our effective tax rate reflects the effect of our non-controlling interests as the non-controlling interest holders are responsible for paying income taxes on their percentage ownership, thereby reducing our income tax expense. Our effective rate will increase as our controlling interest in Vantiv Holding increases as we will be responsible for paying income taxes on a greater percentage of taxable income, thereby increasing our income tax expense.

Tax Receivable Agreements
We are party to tax receivable agreements with Fifth Third Bank, which were executed in connection with our IPO. One provides for the payment by us to Fifth Third Bank of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that we actually realize as a result of the increases in tax basis that may result from the purchase of Vantiv Holding units from Fifth Third Bank or from the future exchange of units by Fifth Third Bank for cash or shares of our Class A common stock, as well as the tax benefits attributable to payments made under such tax receivable agreement. Any actual increase in tax basis, as well

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as the amount and timing of any payments under the agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of our income. The other tax receivable agreement provides for the payment by us to Fifth Third Bank of 85% of the amount of cash savings according to Fifth Third Bank's respective ownership interests in Vantiv Holding immediately prior to our initial public offering, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that NPC actually realizes as a result of its use of its NOLs and other tax attributes.

Simultaneously and in connection with the completion of the Mercury acquisition, the Company entered into the Mercury TRA with the Mercury TRA Holders. The Mercury TRA generally provides for the payment by us to the Mercury TRA Holders of 85% of the value of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company actually realizes as a result of the increase in tax basis of the assets of Mercury and the use of the net operating losses and other tax attributes of Mercury.

The Mercury TRA is considered contingent consideration under ASC 805 as it is part of the consideration payable to the former owners of Mercury. In accordance with ASC 805, the contingent consideration is initially measured at fair value at the acquisition date and recorded as a liability. The Mercury TRA liability is therefore recorded at fair value based on estimates of discounted future cash flows associated with estimated payments to the Mercury TRA Holders. The Company recorded an initial Mercury TRA liability of $137.9 million as part of the consideration transferred. The liability recorded by the Company for the Mercury TRA obligations will be re-measured at fair value at each reporting date with the change in fair value recognized in earnings as a non-operating expense.

Payments under the TRAs are only required to the extent we realize cash savings as a result of the underlying tax attributes. For each of the TRAs discussed above, the cash savings realized by us are computed by comparing our actual income tax liability to the amount of such taxes we would have been required to pay had there been no deductions related to the tax attributes discussed above.  As such, obligations recorded pursuant to the TRAs are based on estimates of future taxable income and future tax rates. We will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these tax savings.

The timing and/or amount of aggregate payments due under the TRAs may vary based on a number of factors, including the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future and the tax rate then applicable, the use of loss carryovers and amortizable basis. The term of the TRAs will continue until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired, unless we exercise our right to terminate the TRA for an amount based on the agreed payments remaining to be made under the agreement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have no off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure Aboutabout Market Risk
 
We are exposed to interest rate risk in connection with our senior secured credit facilities, which are subject to variable interest rates. We hedge a portion of our exposure to interest rate fluctuations through the utilization of interest rate swaps and caps in order to mitigate the risk of this exposure.

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As of December 31, 20142017 we had a total of 184 outstanding interest rate swaps. Of the 18 outstanding swaps 12 of them cover an exposure period from June 2014 through June 2017 and have a combined notional balance of $1.3 billion (amortizing to $1.1 billion). The remaining six interest rate swaps covercovering an exposure period from January 20162017 through January 2019 and have a combined notional balance of $500 million. AsIn addition, we have 6 interest rate cap agreements with a combined $1.0 billion notional balance and a cap strike rate of December 31, 2014, we had $2.1 billion of variable rate debt not subject0.75% covering an exposure period from January 2017 to a fixed rate swap effective at December 31, 2014.January 2020.
 
Based on the amount outstanding under our senior secured credit facilities at December 31, 2014,2017, a change in one percentage point in variable interest rates, after the effect of our interest rate swaps and caps effective at December 31, 2014,2017, would cause an increase or decrease in interest expense of $21.2$31.0 million on an annual basis.
 

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

  Page
Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. and Subsidiaries  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
Symmes Township, Ohio

Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Worldpay, Inc. (formerly Vantiv, Inc.) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 20142017 and 2013, and2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. Our audits also included2017, and the financial statementrelated notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are15 (collectively referred to as the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)"financial statements"). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidatedthe financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Vantiv, Inc. and subsidiariesthe Company as of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, and the results of theirits operations and theirits cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014,2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014,2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 12, 201528, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Cincinnati, Ohio
February 12, 201528, 2018

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2009.


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Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except share data)


 Year Ended December 31,
  2017 2016 2015
Revenue:  
  
  
External customers $3,959,742
 $3,504,129
 $3,079,506
Related party revenues 66,735
 74,862
 80,432
Total revenue 4,026,477
 3,578,991
 3,159,938
Network fees and other costs 1,903,165
 1,674,230
 1,478,202
Sales and marketing 669,506
 582,251
 503,949
Other operating costs 318,665
 294,235
 284,066
General and administrative 295,101
 189,707
 182,369
Depreciation and amortization 318,493
 270,054
 276,942
Income from operations 521,547
 568,514
 434,410
Interest expense—net (140,661) (109,534) (105,736)
Non-operating income (expense) 432,826
 (36,256) (31,268)
Income before applicable income taxes 813,712
 422,724
 297,406
Income tax expense 631,020
 141,853
 88,177
Net income 182,692
 280,871
 209,229
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (52,582) (67,663) (61,283)
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc. $130,110
 $213,208
 $147,946
Net income per share attributable to Worldpay, Inc. Class A common stock:      
Basic $0.81
 $1.37
 $1.02
Diluted $0.80
 $1.32
 $0.95
Shares used in computing net income per share of Class A common stock:  
  
  
Basic 161,293,062
 156,043,636
 145,044,577
Diluted 162,807,146
 162,115,549
 200,934,442
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands, except share data)thousands)
 


 Year Ended
December 31,
  2014 2013 2012
Revenue:  
  
  
External customers $2,496,899
 $2,028,681
 $1,787,119
Related party revenues 80,304
 79,396
 76,120
Total revenue 2,577,203
 2,108,077
 1,863,239
Network fees and other costs 1,174,665
 935,441
 840,597
Sales and marketing 396,353
 312,044
 280,644
Other operating costs 242,439
 200,630
 158,374
General and administrative 173,986
 121,707
 118,231
Depreciation and amortization 275,069
 185,453
 160,538
Income from operations 314,691
 352,802
 304,855
Interest expense—net (79,701) (40,902) (54,572)
Non-operating income (expense) 177
 (20,000) (92,672)
Income before applicable income taxes 235,167
 291,900
 157,611
Income tax expense 66,177
 83,760
 46,853
Net income 168,990
 208,140
 110,758
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (43,698) (74,568) (53,148)
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc. $125,292
 $133,572
 $57,610
Net income per share attributable to Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock:      
Basic $0.88
 $0.96
 $0.50
Diluted $0.75
 $0.87
 $0.47
Shares used in computing net income per share of Class A common stock:  
  
  
Basic 141,936,933
 138,836,314
 116,258,204
Diluted 199,170,813
 206,027,557
 122,747,362
  Year Ended December 31,
  2017 2016 2015
Net income $182,692
 $280,871
 $209,229
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:  
  
  
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges and other 10,909
 4,053
 (8,209)
Comprehensive income 193,601
 284,924
 201,020
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests (54,402) (68,709) (58,510)
Comprehensive income attributable to Worldpay, Inc. $139,199
 $216,215
 $142,510
 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFINANCIAL POSITION
(In thousands)
thousands, except share data) 
  Year Ended
December 31,
  2014 2013 2012
Net income $168,990
 $208,140
 $110,758
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:  
  
  
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges and other (6,172) 663
 23,929
Comprehensive income 162,818
 208,803
 134,687
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests (41,558) (74,967) (67,563)
Comprehensive income attributable to Vantiv, Inc. $121,260
 $133,836
 $67,124
 December 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Assets 
  
Current assets: 
  
Cash and cash equivalents$126,503
 $139,148
Accounts receivable—net985,888
 940,052
Related party receivable736
 1,751
Settlement assets142,010
 152,490
Prepaid expenses33,524
 39,229
Other83,951
 15,188
Total current assets1,372,612
 1,287,858
  Customer incentives68,365
 67,288
  Property, equipment and software—net473,723
 348,553
  Intangible assets—net678,532
 787,820
  Goodwill4,172,964
 3,738,589
  Deferred taxes739,524
 771,139
  Proceeds from senior unsecured notes1,135,205
 
  Other assets26,048
 42,760
Total assets$8,666,973
 $7,044,007
Liabilities and equity 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$622,871
 $471,979
Related party payable9,013
 3,623
Settlement obligations816,235
 801,381
Current portion of note payable to related party5,384
 7,557
Current portion of notes payable102,513
 123,562
Current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties190,220
 191,014
Current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations55,324
 60,400
Deferred income18,879
 7,907
Current maturities of capital lease obligations8,044
 7,870
Other5,975
 13,719
Total current liabilities1,834,458
 1,689,012
Long-term liabilities: 
  
Note payable to related party158,358
 143,577
Notes payable5,427,990
 2,946,026
Tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties489,780
 451,318
Tax receivable agreement obligations45,247
 86,640
Capital lease obligations4,456
 13,223
Deferred taxes65,617
 62,148
Other40,413
 44,774
Total long-term liabilities6,231,861
 3,747,706
Total liabilities8,066,319
 5,436,718
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 10 - Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees)

 

Equity: 
  
Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value; 890,000,000 shares authorized; 162,595,981 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017; 161,134,831 shares outstanding at December 31, 20161
 1
Class B common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 15,252,826 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017; 35,042,826 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
 
Paid-in capital55,431
 706,055
Retained earnings558,013
 689,512
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)2,892
 (6,197)
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,861,671 shares at December 31, 2017 and 2,710,195 shares at December 31, 2016(83,798) (73,706)
Total Worldpay, Inc. equity532,539
 1,315,665
Non-controlling interests68,115
 291,624
Total equity600,654
 1,607,289
Total liabilities and equity$8,666,973
 $7,044,007
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONCASH FLOWS
(In thousands, except share data)thousands)
 December 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Assets 
  
Current assets: 
  
Cash and cash equivalents$411,568
 $171,427
Accounts receivable—net607,674
 472,196
Related party receivable6,164
 5,155
Settlement assets135,422
 127,144
Prepaid expenses26,906
 18,059
Other27,002
 13,932
Total current assets1,214,736
 807,913
  Customer incentives39,210
 30,808
  Property, equipment and software—net281,715
 217,333
  Intangible assets—net1,034,692
 795,332
  Goodwill3,291,366
 1,943,613
  Deferred taxes429,623
 362,785
  Other assets44,741
 31,769
Total assets$6,336,083
 $4,189,553
Liabilities and equity 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$299,771
 $233,383
Related party payable2,035
 2,381
Settlement obligations501,042
 333,649
Current portion of note payable to related party10,353
 17,621
Current portion of note payable106,148
 74,879
Current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties22,789
 8,639
Deferred income5,480
 9,053
Current maturities of capital lease obligations8,158
 4,326
Other7,557
 1,382
Total current liabilities963,333
 685,313
Long-term liabilities: 
  
Note payable to related party191,521
 325,993
Note payable3,085,716
 1,392,757
Tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties597,273
 551,061
Tax receivable agreement obligations152,420
 
Capital lease obligations14,779
 12,044
Deferred taxes24,380
 37,963
Other6,075
 8,100
Total long-term liabilities4,072,164
 2,327,918
Total liabilities5,035,497
 3,013,231
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 10 - Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees)

 

Equity: 
  
Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value; 890,000,000 shares authorized; 145,455,008 shares outstanding at December 31, 2014; 141,758,681 shares outstanding at December 31, 20131
 1
Class B common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 43,042,826 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014; 48,822,826 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013
 
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
 
Paid-in capital629,353
 597,730
Retained earnings328,358
 203,066
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(3,768) 264
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,173,793 shares at December 31, 2014 and 1,606,664 shares at December 31, 2013(50,931) (33,130)
Total Vantiv, Inc. equity903,013
 767,931
Non-controlling interests397,573
 408,391
Total equity1,300,586
 1,176,322
Total liabilities and equity$6,336,083
 $4,189,553
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Operating Activities: 
  
  
Net income$182,692
 $280,871
 $209,229
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
  
  
Depreciation and amortization expense318,493
 270,054
 276,942
Amortization of customer incentives24,347
 25,818
 18,256
Amortization and write-off of debt issuance costs5,989
 22,584
 8,376
Unrealized gain on foreign currency forward(33,108) 
 
Share-based compensation expense47,855
 35,871
 30,492
Deferred tax expense596,802
 79,668
 55,280
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
 (12,167) (16,707)
Tax receivable agreements non-cash items(421,663) (3,928) (2,127)
Other3,966
 467
 (945)
Change in operating assets and liabilities: 
  
  
Accounts receivable and related party receivable(38,914) (212,862) (70,194)
Net settlement assets and obligations25,334
 79,719
 168,319
Customer incentives(24,502) (42,548) (32,892)
Prepaid and other assets(1,214) 39,636
 11,324
Accounts payable and accrued expenses125,103
 92,749
 57,861
Payable to related party5,390
 (1,075) 2,663
Other liabilities(31,759) (9,722) 11,703
Net cash provided by operating activities784,811
 645,135
 727,580
Investing Activities: 
  
  
Purchases of property and equipment(110,805) (118,194) (84,730)
Acquisition of customer portfolios and related assets and other(41,784) (23,627) (41,997)
Purchase of derivative instruments
 (21,523) 
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired(531,534) (406,777) 
Net cash used in investing activities(684,123) (570,121) (126,727)
Financing Activities: 
  
  
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt1,270,000
 3,234,375
 
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes1,135,205
 
 
Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations(143,708) (3,084,922) (326,462)
Borrowings on revolving credit facility8,442,000
 1,250,000
 177,000
Repayment of revolving credit facility(8,217,000) (1,250,000) (177,000)
Payment of debt issuance costs(27,621) (20,115) 
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock plans14,566
 15,389
 13,630
Purchase and cancellation of Class A common stock(1,268,057) 
 
Warrant termination
 
 (200,219)
Repurchase of Class A common stock
 (81,369) (200,406)
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligations)(10,092) (6,248) (16,527)
Settlement of certain tax receivable agreements(93,902) (149,022) (63,724)
Payments under tax receivable agreements(46,472) (40,271) (22,805)
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
 12,167
 16,707
Distribution to non-controlling interests(22,552) (12,934) (12,892)
Other
 (12) 
(Decrease) in cash overdraft
 
 (2,627)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,032,367
 (132,962) (815,325)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents1,133,055
 (57,948) (214,472)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period139,148
 197,096
 411,568
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period$1,272,203
 $139,148
 $197,096
Cash Payments: 
  
  
Interest$123,056
 $102,695
 $98,971
Income taxes45,801
 51,140
 6,565
Non-cash Items: 
  
  
Issuance of tax receivable agreements to related parties$647,507
 $171,162
 $376,597
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSSTATEMENT OF CASH FLOWSEQUITY
(In thousands)

 Year Ended December 31,
 2014 2013 2012
Operating Activities: 
  
  
Net income$168,990
 $208,140
 $110,758
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
  
  
Depreciation and amortization expense240,802
 185,453
 160,538
Write-off of intangible asset34,267
 
 
Amortization of customer incentives12,032
 10,139
 6,372
Amortization and write-off of debt issuance costs31,956
 24,427
 59,407
Share-based compensation expense42,171
 29,729
 33,444
Deferred taxes32,469
 31,340
 352
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation(13,420) (5,464) (14,747)
Tax receivable agreements non-cash items(25,838) 
 
Other non-cash items
 491
 1,208
Change in operating assets and liabilities: 
  
  
Accounts receivable and related party receivable(94,326) (71,614) (28,517)
Net settlement assets and obligations157,663
 93,318
 (48,668)
Customer incentives(17,108) (13,034) (9,306)
Prepaid and other assets(25,557) (5,127) 11,053
Accounts payable and accrued expenses53,172
 (7,250) 11,332
Payable to related party(433) 756
 (2,189)
Other liabilities(3,935) (682) 2,077
Net cash provided by operating activities592,905
 480,622
 293,114
Investing Activities: 
  
  
Purchases of property and equipment(103,179) (61,578) (51,435)
Acquisition of customer portfolios and related assets(29,596) (7,892) (13,213)
Purchase of investments(7,487) (3,174) (313)
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired(1,658,694) (155,654) (352,330)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,798,956) (228,298) (417,291)
Financing Activities: 
  
  
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of offering costs of $39,091
 
 460,913
Proceeds from follow-on offering, net of offering costs of $1,951
 
 33,512
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt3,443,000
 1,850,000
 1,338,750
Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations(1,870,540) (1,304,966) (1,859,199)
Payment of debt issuance costs(38,092) (26,288) (28,949)
Proceeds from exercise of Class A common stock options4,492
 
 
Purchase of Class B units in Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third Bank
 
 (33,512)
Repurchase of Class A common stock(59,364) (503,225) 
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligations)(17,801) (15,224) (17,906)
Settlement of certain tax receivable agreements
 (112,562) 
Payments under tax receivable agreements(8,639) 
 
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation13,420
 5,464
 14,747
Distribution to funds managed by Advent International Corporation
 
 (40,086)
Distribution to non-controlling interests(22,911) (41,154) (47,584)
Increase in cash overdraft2,627
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,446,192
 (147,955) (179,314)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents240,141
 104,369
 (303,491)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period171,427
 67,058
 370,549
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period$411,568
 $171,427
 $67,058
Cash Payments: 
  
  
Interest$70,751
 $37,975
 $60,886
Taxes35,157
 46,198
 29,261
Non-cash Items: 
  
  
Issuance of tax receivable agreements to related parties$109,400
 $329,400
 $484,700
Issuance of tax receivable agreement as contingent consideration137,860
 
 
Assets acquired under capital lease obligations12,997
 20,345
 1,202
Accrual of secondary offering costs
 
 3,000
                   Accumulated  
   Common Stock         Other Non-
 Total Class A Class B Treasury Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Controlling
 Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Interests
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2017$1,607,289
 161,135
 $1
 35,043
 $
 2,710
 $(73,706) $706,055
 $689,512
 $(6,197) $291,624
Cumulative effect of accounting change491
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,299
 (808) 
 
Net income182,692
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 130,110
 
 52,582
Issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock plans, net of forfeitures14,566
 1,613
 
 
 
 
 
 14,566
 
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligation)(10,092) (152) 
 
 
 152
 (10,092) 
 
 
 
Purchase and cancellation of Class A common stock(1,270,589) 
 
 (19,790) 
 
 
 (1,009,788) (260,801) 
 
Settlement of certain tax receivable agreements59,800
 
 
 
 
 
 
 59,800
 
 
 
Issuance of tax receivable agreements(19,715) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (19,715) 
 
 
Unrealized gain on hedging activities, net of tax10,909
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9,089
 1,820
Distribution to non-controlling interests(22,552) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (22,552)
Share-based compensation47,855
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41,309
 
 
 6,546
Reallocation of non-controlling interests of Vantiv Holding due to change in ownership
 
 
 
 
 
 
 261,905
 
 
 (261,905)
Ending Balance, December 31, 2017$600,654
 162,596
 $1
 15,253
 $
 2,862
 $(83,798) $55,431
 $558,013
 $2,892
 $68,115

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(In thousands)
 
                  Accumulated                    Accumulated  
  Common Stock         Other Non-  Common Stock         Other Non-
Total Class A Class B Treasury Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive ControllingTotal Class A Class B Treasury Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Controlling
Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) InterestsEquity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Interests
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2014$1,176,322
 141,759
 $1
 48,823
 $
 1,607
 $(33,130) $597,730
 $203,066
 $264
 $408,391
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2016$1,225,066
 155,488
 $1
 35,043
 $
 2,593
 $(67,458) $553,145
 $476,304
 $(9,204) $272,278
Net income168,990
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 125,292
 
 43,698
280,871
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 213,208
 
 67,663
Issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock plans, net of forfeitures4,492
 419
 
 
 
 
 
 4,492
 
 
 
15,389
 1,520
 
 
 
 
 
 15,389
 
 
 
Tax benefit from employee share-based compensation13,420
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13,420
 
 
 
Excess tax benefit from employee share-based compensation12,167
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12,167
 
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock(81,369) (1,407) 
 
 
 
 
 (81,369) 
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligation)(17,801) (567) 
 
 
 567
 (17,801) 
 
 
 
(6,248) (117) 
 
 
 117
 (6,248) 
 
 
 
Issuance of Class A common stock and cancellation of Class B common stock in connection with secondary offering
 5,780
 
 (5,780) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock(59,364) (1,936) 
 
 
 
 
 (59,364) 
 
 
Exercise of warrant
 5,651
 
 
 
 
 
 25,022
 
 
 (25,022)
Termination of certain tax receivable agreements130,318
 
 
 
 
 
 
 130,318
 
 
 
Issuance of tax receivable agreements(17,400) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (17,400) 
 
 
4,117
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,117
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on hedging activities and other, net of tax(6,172) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (4,032) (2,140)4,053
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,007
 1,046
Formation of joint venture18,839
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18,839
Distribution to non-controlling interests(22,911) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (22,911)(12,934) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (12,934)
Share-based compensation42,171
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32,103
 
 
 10,068
35,871
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29,317
 
 
 6,554
Other(12) 








 
 (12) 
 
 
Reallocation of non-controlling interests of Vantiv Holding due to change in ownership
 
 
 
 
 
 
 58,372
 
 
 (58,372)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17,961
 
 
 (17,961)
Ending Balance, December 31, 2014$1,300,586
 145,455
 $1
 43,043
 $
 2,174
 $(50,931) $629,353
 $328,358
 $(3,768) $397,573
Ending Balance, December 31, 2016$1,607,289
 161,135
 $1
 35,043
 $
 2,710
 $(73,706) $706,055
 $689,512
 $(6,197) $291,624
 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(In thousands)
 
                  Accumulated                    Accumulated  
  Common Stock         Other Non-  Common Stock         Other Non-
Total Class A Class B Treasury Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive ControllingTotal Class A Class B Treasury Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Controlling
Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income InterestsEquity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Interests
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2013$1,444,235
 142,244
 $1
 70,219
 $
 978
 $(17,906) $766,337
 $69,494
 $
 $626,309
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2015$1,300,586
 145,455
 $1
 43,043
 $
 2,174
 $(50,931) $629,353
 $328,358
 $(3,768) $397,573
Net income208,140
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 133,572
 
 74,568
209,229
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 147,946
 
 61,283
Issuance of Class A common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units
 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax benefit from employee share-based compensation5,464
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,464
 
 
 
Issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock plans, net of forfeitures13,630
 1,523
 
 
 
 
 
 13,630
 
 
 
Excess tax benefit from employee share-based compensation16,707
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16,707
 
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligation)(15,224) (629) 
 
 
 629
 (15,224) 
 
 
 
(16,527) (419) 
 
 
 419
 (16,527) 
 
 
 
Warrant retirement(144,568) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (129,173) 
 
 (15,395)
Issuance of Class A common stock and cancellation of Class B common stock in connection with secondary offering
 21,396
 
 (21,396) 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 8,000
 
 (8,000) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock(503,225) (20,904) 
 
 
 
 
 (503,225) 
 
 
(200,406) (4,446) 
 
 
 
 
 (200,406) 
 
 
Termination of certain tax receivable agreements58,191
 
 
 
 
 
 
 58,191
 
 
 
Partial exercise of warrant
 5,375


 
 
 
 
 25,022
 
 
 (25,022)
Issuance of tax receivable agreements(93,000) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (93,000) 
 
 
(21,167) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (21,167) 
 
 
Termination of certain tax receivable agreements140,694
 
 
 
 
 
 
 140,694
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on hedging activities, net of tax663
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 264
 399
Unrealized loss on hedging activities and other, net of tax(8,209) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5,436) (2,773)
Distribution to non-controlling interests(41,154) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (41,154)(12,892) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (12,892)
Share-based compensation29,729
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21,239
 
 
 8,490
30,492
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23,588
 
 
 6,904
Forfeitures of restricted stock awards
 (352) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reallocation of non-controlling interests of Vantiv Holding due to change in ownership
 
 
 
 
 
 
 260,221
 
 
 (260,221)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 137,400
 
 
 (137,400)
Ending Balance, December 31, 2013$1,176,322
 141,759
 $1
 48,823
 $
 1,607
 $(33,130) $597,730
 $203,066
 $264
 $408,391
Ending Balance, December 31, 2015$1,225,066
 155,488
 $1
 35,043
 $
 2,593
 $(67,458) $553,145
 $476,304
 $(9,204) $272,278
 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(In thousands)
                   Accumulated  
   Common Stock         Other Non-
 Total Class A Class B Treasury Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive Controlling
 Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Interests
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2012$1,255,720
 89,516
 $1
 
 $
 
 $
 $581,241
 $51,970
 $(9,514) $632,022
Net income110,758
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 57,610
 
 53,148
Issuance of Class A common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs457,913
 29,412
 
 
 
 
 
 457,913
 
 
 
Issuance of Class A common stock in connection with follow-on offering, net of offering costs33,512
 2,086
 
 
 
 
 
 33,512
 
 
 
Issuance of Class A common stock to prior unit holders under the Vantiv Holding Management Phantom Equity Plan
 8,716
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax benefit from employee share-based compensation14,747
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14,747
 
 
 
Issuance of Class A common stock to JPDN in exchange for Class A and Class B units in Vantiv Holding held by JPDN
 240
 
 
 
 
 
 4,074
 
 
 (4,074)
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligation)(17,906) (978) 
 
 
 978
 (17,906) 
 
 
 
Issuance of Class B common stock under Recapitalization Agreement
 
 
 86,005
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase of Class B units in Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third Bank and cancellation of related Class B common stock(33,512) 
 
 (2,086) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (33,512)
Issuance of Class A common stock and cancellation of Class B common stock in connection with secondary offering
 13,700
   (13,700) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of tax receivable agreements(346,700) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (346,700) 
 
 
Cash flow hedge reclassification adjustment23,929
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9,514
 14,415
Distribution to non-controlling interests(47,584) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (47,584)
Distribution to funds managed by Advent International Corporation(40,086) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (40,086) 
 
Share-based compensation33,444
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20,223
 
 
 13,221
Forfeitures of restricted stock awards
 (448) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reallocation of non-controlling interests of Vantiv Holding due to change in ownership
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,327
 
 
 (1,327)
Ending Balance, December 31, 2012$1,444,235
 142,244
 $1
 70,219
 $
 978
 $(17,906) $766,337
 $69,494
 $
 $626,309
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Description of Business
 
Worldpay, Inc., formerly Vantiv, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a holding company that conducts its operations through its majority-owned subsidiary, Vantiv Holding, LLC ("(“Vantiv Holding"Holding”). Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. and Vantiv Holding are referred to collectively as the "Company," "Vantiv," "we," "us"“Company,” “Worldpay,” “we,” “us” or "our,"“our,” unless the context requires otherwise.

On January 16, 2018, Worldpay completed the previously announced acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Worldpay Group Limited, formerly Worldpay Group plc, a public limited company (“Legacy Worldpay”). Following the acquisition, the Vantiv, Inc. name was changed to Worldpay, Inc. by amending our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The effective date of the name change was January 16, 2018.
 
The Company provides electronic payment processing services to merchants and financial institutions throughout the United States of America.America and operates in two reportable segments, Merchant Services and Financial Institution Services. For more information about the Company’s segments, refer to Note 19 - Segment Information. The Company markets its services through diverse distribution channels, including national, regional and mid-market sales teams, third-party reseller clients and a telesales operation. The Company also has relationships with a broad range of referral partners that include merchant banks, independent software vendors ("ISVs"(“ISVs”), value-added resellers ("VARs"(“VARs”), payment facilitators, independent sales organizations ("ISOs"(“ISOs”) and trade associations as well as arrangements with core processors.
 
Segments
The Company’s segments consist of the Merchant Services segment and the Financial Institution Services segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), who is the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), evaluates the performance and allocates resources based on the operating results of each segment. Below is a summary of each segment:
Merchant Services—Provides merchant acquiring and payment processing services to large national merchants, regional and small-to-mid sized businesses. Merchant services are sold to small to large businesses through diverse distribution channels. Merchant Services includes all aspects of card processing including authorization and settlement, customer service, chargeback and retrieval processing and interchange management.
Financial Institution Services—Provides card issuer processing, payment network processing, fraud protection, card production, prepaid program management, automated teller machine ("ATM") driving and network gateway and switching services that utilize the Company’s proprietary Jeanie debit payment network to a diverse set of financial institutions, including regional banks, community banks, credit unions and regional personal identification number ("PIN") networks. Financial Institution Services also provides statement production, collections and inbound/outbound call centers for credit transactions, and other services such as credit card portfolio analytics, program strategy and support, fraud and security management and chargeback and dispute services.
Initial Public Offering and Reorganization Transactions
On March 21, 2012, Vantiv, Inc. completed the initial public offering ("IPO") of its Class A common stock. Immediately prior to the consummation of the IPO, the Company executed several reorganization transactions, collectively referred to as the "Reorganization Transactions." The Reorganization Transactions included, among other things, the following:
Amendment and restatement of Vantiv, Inc.’s certificate of incorporation to provide for Class A and Class B common stock (see Note 12 - Capital Stock for further discussion);
Reclassification of Vantiv, Inc.’s existing common stock into shares of Class A common stock and a 175.76 for 1 stock split of the Class A common stock, which has been retrospectively reflected within these accompanying consolidated financial statements;
Amendment and restatement of the Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement and a 1.7576 for 1 split of the Class A units and Class B units of Vantiv Holding;
Execution of an exchange agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") among the Company and Fifth Third Bank, a subsidiary of Fifth Third Bancorp, and FTPS Partners, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fifth Third Bank, collectively referred to as "Fifth Third," to provide for a 1 to 1 ratio between the units of Vantiv Holding and the common stock of Vantiv, Inc., and the exchange of Class B units and Class C non-voting units of Vantiv Holding for Class A common stock of Vantiv, Inc. on a one-for-one basis, or, at Vantiv, Inc.’s option, for cash;

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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)



Exchange of Class A and Class B units of Vantiv Holding held by JPDN Enterprises, LLC ("JPDN"), an affiliate of Charles D. Drucker, the Company’s CEO, for shares of Vantiv, Inc.’s Class A common stock;
Execution of tax receivable agreements ("TRAs") with Vantiv Holding’s pre-IPO investors, which obligate the Company to make payments to such investors equal to 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company realizes as a result of certain tax basis increases and net operating losses ("NOLs"). During the year ended December 31, 2013, certain of these tax receivable agreements were terminated (see Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements for a discussion of the TRAs);
Execution of a recapitalization agreement with Vantiv Holding’s pre-IPO investors, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company paid Fifth Third a $15.0 million fee related to the modification of its consent rights under the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement, which is reflected as a distribution to non-controlling interests within the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows and equity for the year ended December 31, 2012. Additionally, the Company made a $40.1 million cash distribution to funds managed by Advent International Corporation ("Advent"), which is reflected as such in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows and equity for the year ended December 31, 2012; and
Conversion of outstanding awards under the Vantiv Holding Management Phantom Equity Plan ("Phantom Equity Plan") into unrestricted and restricted Class A common stock issued under the 2012 Vantiv, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan ("2012 Equity Incentive Plan") (see Note 13 - Share-Based Compensation Plans for a discussion of the Company’s share-based compensation plans).
In the IPO, Vantiv, Inc. issued and sold 29,412,000 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $17.00 per share for net proceeds of $457.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, including $3.0 million accrued for offering costs associated with contractually obligated future offerings. The Company used the net proceeds to pay down a portion of the amount outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities. Vantiv, Inc. also issued 86,005,200 shares of Class B common stock, which give voting rights, but no economic interests, to Fifth Third. No proceeds were generated from the issuance of the Class B common stock.

In connection with the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, an additional 4,411,800 shares of Class A common stock were sold to the public at an offering price of $17.00 per share. Of the shares sold in the overallotment, 2,325,736 shares were sold by the selling stockholders and 2,086,064 shares were sold by Vantiv, Inc. Vantiv, Inc. used the net proceeds resulting from the shares it sold in the overallotment option to redeem an equivalent number of Class B units of Vantiv Holding held by Fifth Third pursuant to the Exchange Agreement. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

Secondary Offerings and Share Repurchase

In August 2012, a secondary offering took place in which Advent sold 14.1 million shares of Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock at a price of $21.90 per share. In December 2012, a secondary offering took place in which Fifth Third sold 13.7 million shares of Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock at a price of $20.10 per share. The Company did not receive any proceeds from these sales.

In May 2013, a secondary offering took place in which selling shareholders sold 40.7 million shares of Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock. The Company did not receive any proceeds from these sales. In connection with the secondary offering, the Company repurchased approximately 17.5 million shares of its Class A common stock sold to the underwriters in the secondary offering for $400 million at a price per share equal to the price paid by the underwriters to purchase the shares from the selling shareholders in the offering. The repurchased shares were retired and accounted for as a reduction to equity in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In connection with the share repurchase, the Company incurred costs of approximately $0.6 million, which are also reflected as a reduction to equity in the accompanying consolidated statement of equity. In connection with the share repurchase, the Company refinanced our existing senior secured credit facilities, resulting in an increase in the amount of debt by approximately $650 million, $400 million of which was used to fund the share repurchase (see Note 6 - Long-Term Debt).

In August and November 2013, secondary offerings took place in which selling shareholders sold 20.0 million and 15.0 million shares, respectively, of Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock. In March 2014, a secondary offering took place in

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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


which Advent sold its remaining 18.8 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock. In June 2014, a secondary offering took place in which Fifth Third sold 5.8 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The Company did not receive any proceeds from these sales.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include those of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. and all subsidiaries thereof, including its majority-owned subsidiary, Vantiv Holding, LLC. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("(���U.S. GAAP"GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
As of December 31, 2014, Vantiv,2017, Worldpay, Inc. and Fifth Third owned interests in Vantiv Holding of 77.17%91.42% and 22.83%8.58%, respectively (see Note 9 - Controlling and Non-controlling Interests for changes in non-controlling interests).
 
The Company accounts for non-controlling interests in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"(“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. Non-controlling interests primarily represent Fifth Third'sThird’s minority share of net income or loss of and equity in Vantiv Holding. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests does not include expenses incurred directly by Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., including income tax expense attributable to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. All of the Company’s non-controlling interests are presented after Vantiv Holding income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as "Net income attributable to non-controlling interests." Non-controlling interests are presented as a component of equity in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position.

Sponsorship
 
In order to provide electronic payment processing services, Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment networks require sponsorship of non-financial institutions by a member clearing bank. In June 2009, theThe Company entered into a ten-yearhas an agreement with Fifth Third (the "Sponsoring Member"“Sponsoring Member”), to provide sponsorship services to the Company.Company through December 31, 2024. The Company also has agreements with certain other banks that provide sponsorship into the card networks.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition
 
The Company has contractual agreements with its clients that set forth the general terms and conditions of the relationship including line item pricing, payment terms and contract duration. Revenues are recognized as earned (i.e., for transaction based fees, when the underlying transaction is processed) in conjunction with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. ASC

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


605, Revenue Recognition, establishes guidance as to when revenue is realized or realizable and earned by using the following criteria: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the seller’s price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured.
 
The Company follows guidance provided in ASC 605-45, Principal Agent Considerations,. ASC 605-45, Principal Agent Considerations, which states that the determination of whether a company should recognize revenue based on the gross amount billed to a customer or the net amount retained is a matter of judgment that depends on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement and that certain factors should be considered in the evaluation. The Company recognizes processing revenues net of interchange fees, which are assessed to the Company’s merchant customers on all processed transactions. Interchange rates are not controlled by the Company, which effectively acts as a clearing house collecting and remitting interchange fee settlement on behalf of issuing banks, debit networks, credit card associations and its processing customers. All other revenue is reported on a gross basis, as the Company contracts directly with the end customer, assumes the risk of loss and has pricing flexibility.
 
The Company generates revenue primarily by processing electronic payment transactions. Set forth below is a description of the Company’s revenue by segment. 


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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Merchant Services
 
The Company’s Merchant Services segment revenue is primarily derived from processing credit and debit card transactions. Merchant Services revenue is primarily comprised of fees charged to businesses, net of interchange fees, for payment processing services, including authorization, capture, clearing, settlement and information reporting of electronic transactions. The fees charged consist of either a percentage of the dollar volume of the transaction or a fixed fee, or both, and are recognized at the time of the transaction. Merchant Services revenue also includes a number of revenue items that are incurred by the Company and are reimbursable as the costs are passed through to and paid by the Company’s clients. These items primarily consist of Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment network fees. In addition, for sales through ISOs and certain other referral sourcespartners in which the Company is the primary party to the contract with the merchant, the Company records the full amount of the fees collected from the merchant as revenue. Merchant Services segment revenue also includes revenue from ancillary services such as fraud management, equipment sales and terminal rent. Merchant Services revenue is recognized as services are performed. 

Financial Institution Services

The Company’s Financial Institution Services segment revenues are primarily derived from debit, credit and ATMautomated teller machine (“ATM”) card transaction processing, ATM driving and support, and PIN debit processing services. Financial Institution Services revenue associated with processing transactions includes per transaction and account related fees, card production fees and fees generated from the Company’s Jeanie network. Financial Institution Services revenue related to card transaction processing is recognized when consumers use their client-issued cards to make purchases. Financial Institution Services also generates revenue through other services, including statement production, collections and inbound/outbound call centers for credit transactions and other services such as credit card portfolio analytics, program strategy and support, fraud and security management and chargeback and dispute services. Financial Institution Services revenue is recognized as services are performed.
 
Financial Institution Services provides certain services to Fifth Third. Revenues related to these services are included in the accompanying statements of income as related party revenues.
 
Expenses
 
Set forth below is a brief description of the components of the Company’s expenses:
 
Network fees and other costs primarily consist of certainpass through expenses incurred by the Company in connection with providing processing services to its clients, including Visa and MasterCardMastercard network association fees and payment network fees, third party processing fees, telecommunication charges, postage and card production costs.fees.
 
Sales and marketing expense primarily consists of salaries and benefits paid to sales personnel, sales management and other sales and marketing personnel, residual payments made to referral partners, and advertising and promotional costs.
 

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Other operating costs primarily consist of salaries and benefits paid to operational and IT personnel, costs associated with operating the Company’s technology platform and data centers, information technology costs for processing transactions, product development costs, software consulting fees and maintenance costs.

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits paid to executive management and administrative employees, including finance, human resources, product development, legal and risk management, share-based compensation costs, equipment and occupancy costs and consulting costs. The year ended December 31, 2017 includes a charge related to a settlement agreement stemming from legacy litigation of an acquired company.

Non-operating income (expense):
In 2014Non-operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily consists of non-operating income of $41.3 million relateda gain relating to a benefit recordedthe impact to the tax receivable agreement (“TRA”) liability as a result of a reduction in certain TRA liabilitiesthe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”) being enacted on December 22, 2017 (see Notenote 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements) and an unrealized gain relating to the change in the fair value of a deal contingent foreign currency forward entered into in connection with the Worldpay Group plc (“Worldpay”) acquisition (see Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities), partially offset by non-operating expenses of $41.1 million related to the refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities in June 2014 (see Note 6 - Long-Term Debt) and the change in the fair value of a TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury TRAPayment Systems, LLC (“Mercury”) (see Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements).
The 2013 amountNon-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 relates to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury (see Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements) and a charge related to the refinancing of the Company'sCompany’s senior secured credit facilities in May 2013October 2016 (see Note 6 - Long-Term Debt).

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The 2012 amountNon-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily relates to the refinancingchange in the fair value of the Company's senior secured credit facilities in March 2012Mercury TRA (see Note 67 - Long-Term Debt), the early termination of the Company’s interest rate swaps (see Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities) in connection with the March 2012 debt refinancing and a one-time activity fee of $6.0 million assessed by MasterCard as a result of the Company's IPO.
Tax Receivable Agreements).

Share-Based Compensation
 
The Company expenses employee share-based payments under ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, which requires compensation cost for the grant-date fair value of share-based payments to be recognized over the requisite service period. The Company estimates the grant date fair value of the share-based awards issued in the form of options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of shares issued as restricted stock, performance awards and performance awardsunder the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) is measured based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. In 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved a resolution that stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units shall vest or become exercisable in three equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date.

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The update simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2017. Under previous guidance, excess tax benefits and deficiencies from share-based compensation arrangements were recorded in equity when the awards vested or settled. ASU 2016-09 requires prospective recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies in the income statement, resulting in the recognition of excess tax benefits of $16.7 million in income tax expense, rather than in paid-in capital, for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Additionally, under ASU 2016-09, excess income tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements are classified as cash flow from operations, rather than as cash flow from financing activities. The Company has elected to apply the cash flow classification guidance of ASU 2016-09 prospectively, resulting in an increase to operating cash flow of $16.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the prior year periods have not been adjusted. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares have no impact to the periods presented in our consolidated cash flows statements since such cash flows have historically been presented as a financing activity.

Prior to adopting ASU 2016-09, the Company estimated forfeitures as part of share-based compensation expense. Under ASU 2016-09, an entity can make an election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. The cumulative-effect

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of this change in election resulted in an increase to additional paid-in capital of $1.3 million, an increase to deferred tax assets of $0.5 million, and a decrease to retained earnings of $0.8 million at the beginning of 2017.

ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be prospectively excluded from assumed future proceeds in the calculation of diluted shares, resulting in an increase in diluted weighted average shares outstanding of approximately 436,000 shares for the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 13 - Share-Based Compensation Plans for further discussion.

Earnings Perper Share
 
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., adjusted as necessary for the impact of potentially dilutive securities, by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the period and the impact of securities that would have a dilutive effect on earnings per share. See Note 16 - Net Income Per Share for further discussion.

Income Taxes
 
Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. income tax purposes and is therefore subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level.
 
Income taxes are computed in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding income tax amounts. The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent the Company determines that it will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, such deferred tax assets will be adjusted through the Company’s provision for income taxes in the period in which this determination is made. As of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the Company had recorded no valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. See Note 14 - Income Taxes for further discussion of income taxes.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Cash on hand and investments with original maturities of three months or less (that are readily convertible to cash) are considered to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of overnight EuroDollar sweepThe Company has restricted cash held in money market accounts, which are maintained at reputable financial institutions with high credit qualityapproximate fair value and therefore are considered to bear minimal credit risk.a level 1 input in the fair value hierarchy. Following the adoption of ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, the Company includes restricted cash in the cash and cash equivalents balance of the consolidated statements of cash flows. The reconciliation between the consolidated statement of financial position and the consolidated statement of cash flows is as follows:
  December 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Cash and cash equivalents on consolidated statement of financial position $126,503
 $139,148
Proceeds from senior unsecured notes - restricted for closing of Worldpay acquisition 1,135,205
 
Other restricted cash (in other current assets) 10,495
 
Total cash and cash equivalents on consolidated statement of cash flows $1,272,203

$139,148
 
Accounts Receivable—net
 
Accounts receivable primarily represent processing revenues earned but not collected. For a majority of its customers, the Company has the authority to debit the client’s bank accounts through the Federal Reserve’s Automated Clearing House; as such, collectibility is reasonably assured. The Company records a reserve for doubtful accounts when it is probable that the accounts receivable will not be collected. The Company reviews historical loss experience and the financial position of its customers when estimating the allowance. As of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the allowance for doubtful accounts was not material to the Company’s statements of financial position.
 

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Customer Incentives
 
Customer incentives represent signing bonuses paid to customers. Customer incentives are paid in connection with the acquisition or renewal of customer contracts, and are therefore deferred and amortized using the straight-line method based on the contractual agreement. Related amortization is recorded as contra-revenue.
 
Property, Equipment and Software—net

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Property, equipment and software consists of the Company’s facilities, furniture and equipment, software, land and leasehold improvements. These assetsFacilities, furniture and equipment and software are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their respective useful lives, whichlives. Leasehold improvements are 15 to 40 years for the Company’s facilities and related improvements, 2 to 10 years for furniture and equipment, 3 to 5 years for software and 3 to 10 years for leasehold improvements ordepreciated on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease. Also included in property, equipment and software is work in progress consisting of costs associated with software developed for internal use which has not yet been placed in service.
 
The Company capitalizes certain costs related to computer software developed for internal use and amortizes such costs on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years.life. Research and development costs incurred prior to establishing technological feasibility are charged to operations as such costs are incurred. Once technological feasibility has been established, costs are capitalized until the software is placed in service. See Note 3 - Property, Equipment and Software for additional information.
 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, the Company tests goodwill for impairment for each reporting unit on an annual basis, or when events occur or circumstances indicate the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that implied fair value of the goodwill within the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The Company performed its most recent annual goodwill impairment test for all reporting units as of July 31, 20142017 using market data and discounted cash flow analyses. Based on this analysis, it was determined that the fair value of all reporting units werewas substantially in excess of the carrying value. There have been no other events or changes in circumstances subsequent to the testing date that would indicate
impairment of these reporting units as of December 31, 2014.2017.

Intangible assets consist of acquired customer relationships, trade names, and customer portfolios and related assets that are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Subsequent to the Mercury acquisition in June 2014, the Company decided to phase out an existing trade name used in the ISO channel within the Merchant Services segment. As a result of this decision, the remaining useful life was changed from indefinite to definite which resulted in the Company recording a charge to amortization expense of $34.3 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2014. The remaining fair value will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated useful life of two years. The Company reviews finite lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. As of December 31, 2014,2017, there have been no such events or circumstances that would indicate potential impairment of finite lived intangible assets.
 
Settlement Assets and Obligations
 
Settlement assets and obligations result from Financial Institution Services when funds are transferred from or received by the Company prior to receiving or paying funds to a different entity. This timing difference results in a settlement asset or obligation. The amounts are generally collected or paid the following business day.
 
The settlement assets and obligations recorded by Merchant Services represent intermediary balances due to differences between the amount the Sponsoring Member receives from the card associations and the amount funded to the merchants. Such differences arise from timing differences, interchange expenses, merchant reserves and exception items. In addition, certain card associations limit the Company from accessing or controlling merchant settlement funds and, instead, require that these funds be controlled by the Sponsoring Member. The Company follows a net settlement process whereby, if the settlement received from the card associations precedes the funding obligation to the merchant, the Company temporarily records a corresponding liability. Conversely, if the funding obligation to the merchant precedes the settlement from the card associations, the amount of the net receivable position is recorded by the Company, or in some cases, the Sponsoring Member may cover the position with its own funds in which case a receivable position is not recorded by the Company.
 
Derivatives
 
The Company accounts for derivatives in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. This guidance establishes accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be

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recorded on the statement of financial position at fair value. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item will be recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative will be recorded in accumulated other

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comprehensive income ("AOCI"(loss) (“AOCI”) and will be recognized in the statement of income when the hedged item affects earnings. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends and simplifies existing guidance to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. This ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this principle on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The update requires that companies should include cash and cash equivalents with restrictions in total cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. If restricted cash is presented separately from cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet, a reconciliation between the statement of financial position and the statement of cash flows must be disclosed. The update requires retrospective application to all periods presented. The effective date of this update is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has elected to early adopt this ASU and included restricted cash in the ending cash and cash equivalents balance on the statement of cash flows. The reconciliation between the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position and the consolidated statements of cash flows is disclosed in the cash and cash equivalents section of this footnote.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The update clarifies how cash receipts and cash payments in certain transactions are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The effective date of this update is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The update requires retrospective application to all periods presented but may be applied prospectively if retrospective application is impracticable. This guidance requires contingent cash payments to be classified as financing activities up to the amount of the initial contingent liability recognized, with any excess payments classified as operating activities. The Company recorded a contingent consideration liability related to the Mercury TRA entered into as part of the acquisition of Mercury in 2014. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has elected to early adopt this ASU on a retrospective basis, resulting in a decrease in operating cash flow and an increase in financing cash flow of $16.8 million, $23.5 million, and $30.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU amends the existing guidance by recognizing all leases, including operating leases, with a term longer than 12 months on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about the lease arrangements. The effective date of this update is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. As written, the update requires modified retrospective transition, which requires application of the ASU at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption. The FASB is currently considering an option that entities may elect not to restate their comparative periods in transition. This option would allow an entity to recognize the effects of applying the standard as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the adoption date and not restate prior periods. The Company has formed a project team to review contracts to determine which qualify as a lease and then evaluate the impact of the adoption of this principle on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company anticipates adopting this ASU on January 1, 2019.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards BoardFASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU")ASU 2014-09, "RevenueRevenue From Contracts With Customers."Customers (Topic 606). The ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The amendmentnew standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized, based upon the core principalprinciple that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendmentnew standard also requires additional disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amendmentnew standard, as amended, is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016,2017, with early adoption prohibited.permitted. The amendment allows companies to use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating which transition approachformed a project team to use and assessingassess the impact of the adoption of this

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principle on the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements. As a result of the new standard, the Company does not anticipate material changes to the timing of its revenue recognition. However, the Company will record fees paid to third parties, including network fees and other costs, net of revenue. These fees are currently recorded on a gross basis. This change in presentation will not impact income from operations. Additionally, the Company will capitalize and amortize costs to obtain and fulfill a contract, which is currently expensed as incurred. The amount that will be capitalized on the Company’s balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 is expected to range from $25 million to $35 million. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.

2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Acquisition of Mercury Payment Systems, LLCPaymetric Holdings, Inc.

On June 13, 2014,May 25, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Mercury Payment Systems, LLC ("Mercury"Paymetric Holdings, Inc. (“Paymetric”), by acquiring all100% of the issued and outstanding voting interest. Mercury was ashares. Paymetric automates business-to-business payment technologyworkflows within enterprise systems and service leader whose solutions are integrated into point-of-sale software applicationstokenizes payments data within these systems in order to enable secure storage of customer information and brought to market through dealer and developer partners.history. This acquisition helps to further accelerate the Company's growth in the integrated payments channel.Company’s growth.

The following is the estimated fair value of the purchase price for Mercury (in thousands):
Cash purchase price paid at closing$1,681,179
Fair value of contingent consideration related to a TRA137,860
Total purchase price$1,819,039

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"805”). The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, a significant portion of which approximately $7.8 million is deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill, assigned to Merchant Services, consists primarily of the acquired workforce and growth opportunities, none of which qualify as an intangible asset. The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows (in thousands):

Cash acquired$22,485
$11,864
Current assets47,421
7,243
Property, equipment and software32,257
92,121
Intangible assets391,100
47,800
Goodwill1,347,753
433,972
Deferred tax assets16,626
Other non-current assets1,026
Current and non-current liabilities(39,629)
Other assets67
Current liabilities(18,075)
Deferred tax liability(23,059)
Non-current liabilities(8,535)
Total purchase price$1,819,039
$543,398

The above estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are preliminary and are based on the information that was available as of the reporting date to estimate the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company believes that the information provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, but the potential for measurement period adjustments exists based on the Company’s continuing review of

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matters related to the acquisition. The Company expects to complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.
Simultaneously and in connection with the completion of the Mercury acquisition, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the "Mercury TRA") with pre-acquisition owners of Mercury ("Mercury TRA Holders"). See Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements for further discussion of the Mercury TRA. The Mercury TRA is considered contingent consideration under ASC 805 as it is part of the consideration payable to the former owners of Mercury. In accordance with ASC 805, the contingent consideration is initially measured at fair value at the acquisition date and recorded as a liability. The Mercury TRA liability is therefore recorded at fair value based on estimates of discounted future cash flows associated with estimated payments to the Mercury TRA Holders. The Company recorded an initial Mercury TRA liability of $137.9 million as part of the consideration transferred. The liability recorded by the Company for the Mercury TRA obligations will be re-measured at fair value at each reporting date with the change in fair value recognized in earnings as a non-operating expense.

Intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationship assets of $332.0 million andwith a trade name of $59.1 million having weighted average estimated useful liveslife of 10 years and 9.5 years, respectively. The trade name was valued utilizing a relief from royalty method.years.

The Company incurred transaction and integration expenses of approximately $17.9$7.1 million during the year ended December 31, 20142017 in conjunction with the acquisition of Mercury,Paymetric, which are included withinin general and administrative expenses and other operating costs on the accompanying consolidated statement of income. From the acquisition date of June 13, 2014May 25, 2017 through December 31, 2014,2017, revenue and net income included in in the accompanying consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 20142017 attributable to Mercury was approximately $217 million. Net income for the period couldPaymetric is not be determined due to integration activities that were incurred subsequent to the acquisition.material.

Under the terms of the MercuryPaymetric transaction agreement, the Company replaced unvested employee stock options held by certain employees of Mercury.Paymetric. The number of replacement stock optionsawards was based on a conversion factor into equivalent stock options of the Company onoutstanding at the acquisition date. The weighted average fair value of the replacement optionsawards was $32.1$8.0 million and was calculated on the acquisition date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The portion of the fair value of the replacement awards related to the services provided

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prior to the acquisition of $17.7$5.9 million was part of the consideration transferred to acquire Mercury.Paymetric. The remaining portion of the fair value is associated with future service and will be recognized as expense over the future service period. See additional discussion in Note 13 - Share-Based Compensation Plans.

The following unaudited pro forma information shows the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 as if the Mercury acquisition had occurred January 1, 2013. The unaudited pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred if the acquisition had been made as of that date, nor is it intended to be indicative of future operating results.
 Year Ended December 31,
 2014 2013
 (in thousands, except share data)
Total revenue$2,737,024
 $2,435,234
Income from operations328,045
 354,296
Net income including non-controlling interests178,162
 155,010
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc.132,143
 95,722
Net income per share attributable to Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock:   
Basic$0.93
 $0.69
Diluted$0.80
 $0.61
Shares used in computing net income per share of Class A common stock:   
Basic141,936,933
 138,836,314
Diluted199,170,813
 206,027,557

The unaudited pro forma results include certain pro forma adjustments that were directly attributable to the business combination as follows:

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additional amortization expense that would have been recognized relating to the acquired intangible assets,
adjustment of interest expense to reflect the additional borrowings of the Company in conjunction withreflecting the acquisition of Paymetric were not material to the Company’s financial results and removal of Mercury historical debt, and
a reduction in non-operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 and a corresponding increase for the year ended December 31, 2013 for acquisition-related transaction costs and debt refinancing costs incurred by the Company.therefore have not been presented.

Acquisition of Element Payment Services,Moneris Solutions, Inc.

On July 31, 2013,December 21, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of Element Payment Services,Moneris Solutions, Inc. ("Element"(“Moneris USA”), by acquiring all100% of the issued and outstanding voting interest. Element wasshares. Moneris USA is a provider of integrated payment processing solutions.solutions offering credit, debit, wireless and online payment services for merchants in virtually every industry segment. This acquisition provideshelps to further accelerate the Company with strategic capabilities to partner with integrated point-of-sale developers and dealers and positions the Company to increase its presence in the integrated payments channel.Company’s growth.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which approximately $14.0 million is deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill, assigned to Merchant Services, consists primarily of the acquired workforce and growth opportunities, none of which qualifiesqualify as an identifiable intangible asset. The final purchase price allocation is as follows (in thousands):
Cash acquired$22,851
Current assets $11,359
44,047
Equipment and software 8,193
Property, equipment and software22
Intangible assets72,000
Goodwill 135,068
372,464
Customer relationship intangible assets 29,300
Trade name 500
Current liabilities (8,189)(61,369)
Deferred tax liabilities (13,772)
Deferred tax liability(17,506)
Non-current liabilities(2,881)
Total purchase price $162,459
$429,628

CustomerIntangible assets consist of customer relationship intangible assets and the trade name haveof $72.0 million with a weighted average estimated useful liveslife of 10 years and 1 year, respectively.    5 years.

The pro forma results of the Company reflecting the acquisition of ElementMoneris USA were not material to our financial results and therefore have not been presented.
Acquisition of Litle & Co., LLC

On November 30, 2012, the Company completed the acquisition of Litle & Co., LLC ("Litle"), acquiring all3. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE

A summary of the outstanding voting interests. Litle was an ecommerce payment processor, providing a fully-integrated payments solution for companies that sell goodsCompany’s property, equipment and services to consumers over the internet and through direct response marketing. This acquisition significantly increases the Company's capabilities in ecommerce, expands its customer base of online merchants, and enables the delivery of Litle's innovative ecommerce solutions to the Company's clients.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, all of which is deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill, assigned to Merchant Services, consists primarily of tax benefits resulting from the acquisition, the acquired workforce and growth opportunities, none of which qualifies as an amortizable intangible asset. The final purchase price allocationsoftware is as follows (in thousands):

71
  Estimated Useful Life December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Land N/A $6,401
 $6,401
Building and improvements 15 - 40 years 34,398
 34,298
Furniture and equipment 2 - 10 years 197,524
 171,104
Software 3 - 8 years 557,484
 412,490
Leasehold improvements 3 - 10 years 12,665
 8,846
Work in progress   37,358
 25,094
Accumulated depreciation   (372,107) (309,680)
Property, equipment and software - net   $473,723
 $348,553

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, equipment and software for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $95.9 million, $70.5 million and $76.6 million, respectively.

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Current assets $10,326
Property and equipment 13,503
Non-current assets 30
Goodwill 276,171
Customer relationship intangible assets 73,600
Trade name 1,300
Current liabilities (14,341)
Total purchase price $360,589

Customer relationship intangible assets and the trade name have weighted average useful lives of 10 years and 1 year, respectively.

The pro forma results of the Company reflecting the acquisition of Litle were not material to our financial results and therefore have not been presented.

The Company incurred expenses of approximately $3.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 in conjunction with the acquisition of Litle, which are included within general and administrative expenses on the accompanying statement of income.

3. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE

A summary of the Company's property, equipment and software is as follows (in thousands):
  Estimated Useful Life December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Land N/A $6,401
 $
Building and improvements 15 - 40 years 33,454
 18,645
Furniture and equipment 2 - 10 years 116,065
 88,650
Software 3 - 5 years 259,495
 204,222
Leasehold improvements 3 - 10 years 8,753
 5,162
Work in progress   60,309
 38,039
Accumulated depreciation   (202,762) (137,385)
Total   $281,715
 $217,333

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, equipment and software for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $70.0 million, $56.8 million and $40.7 million, respectively.

4. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by business segment, are as follows (in thousands):

 Merchant Services Financial Institution Services Total
Balance as of December 31, 2012 $1,229,742
 $574,850
 $1,804,592
Goodwill attributable to acquisition of Litle (1) 3,953
 
 3,953
Goodwill attributable to acquisition of Element 135,068
 
 135,068
Balance as of December 31, 2013 1,368,763
 574,850
 1,943,613
Goodwill attributable to acquisition of Mercury 1,347,753
 
 1,347,753
Balance as of December 31, 2014 $2,716,516
 $574,850
 $3,291,366
  Merchant Services Financial Institution Services Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015 $2,791,678
 $574,850
 $3,366,528
Goodwill attributable to acquisition of Moneris USA 372,061
 
 372,061
Balance as of December 31, 2016 $3,163,739
 $574,850
 $3,738,589
Goodwill attributable to acquisition of Moneris USA(1)
 403
 
 403
Goodwill attributable to acquisition of Paymetric Solutions, Inc. 433,972
 
 433,972
Balance as of December 31, 2017 $3,598,114
 $574,850
 $4,172,964
 
(1) Amount represents adjustments to goodwill associated with the acquisition of LitleMoneris as a result of the finalization of purchase accounting.

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Intangible assets consist of acquired customer relationships trade names and customer portfolios and related assets. The useful lives of customer relationships are determined based on forecasted cash flows, which include estimates for customer attrition associated with the underlying portfolio of customers acquired. The customer relationships acquired in conjunction with acquisitions are amortized based on the pattern of cash flows expected to be realized taking into consideration expected revenues and customer attrition, which are based on historical data and the Company's estimates of future performance. These estimates result in accelerated amortization on certain acquired intangible assets.

Indefinite lived trade names are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Subsequent to the Mercury acquisition in June 2014, the Company decided to phase out an existing trade name used in the ISO channel. The trade name was originally expected to remain in use for the foreseeable future and therefore was deemed an indefinite lived intangible asset not subject to amortization. As a result of this decision, the remaining useful life was changed from indefinite to definite which resulted in the Company recording a charge to amortization expense of $34.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2014. The trade name was revalued utilizing an income approach using2017 and 2016, the relief-from-royalty method. The revised fair value of $6.7 million will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated useful life of two years.

The Company reviewsCompany’s finite lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company's intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
 December 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Customer relationship intangible assets $1,596,581
 $1,234,042
 $1,712,681
 $1,671,581
Trade name - indefinite lived 
 41,000
Trade name - finite lived 65,833
 500
Customer portfolios and related assets 57,383
 26,422
 249,829
 178,480
 1,719,797
 1,301,964
Patents 1,553
 955
     1,964,063
 1,851,016
Less accumulated amortization on:        
Customer relationship intangible assets 655,017
 496,906
 1,156,379
 980,595
Trade name - finite lived 5,105
 208
Customer portfolios and related assets 24,983
 9,518
 129,152
 82,601
 685,105
 506,632
 1,285,531
 1,063,196
 $1,034,692
 $795,332
Intangible assets, net $678,532
 $787,820
  
Customer portfolios and related assets acquired during the yearyears ended December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016 have weighted-average amortization periods of 4.24.8 years and 3.74.4 years,, respectively. Amortization expense on intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 was $205.1$222.6 million, $128.6$199.6 million and $119.9$200.4 million,, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2014, intangible amortization expense included the $34.3 million charge related to the phasing out of a trade name discussed above.

The estimated amortization expense of intangible assets for the next five years is as follows (in thousands):
2015 $190,264
2016 176,161
2017 162,671
2018 154,857
2019 147,566
2018 $209,724
2019 193,503
2020 112,855
2021 63,407
2022 41,595


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


5. CAPITAL LEASES

The Company has various lease agreements for equipment that are classified as capital leases. The cost and accumulated depreciation of equipment under capital leases included in the accompanying statements of financial position within property and equipment were $33.4$35.7 million and $8.3 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2014 and $20.4 million and $2.3$21.4 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2013.2017 and $36.6 million and $12.7 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2016. Depreciation expense associated with capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016, and 20122015 was $6.0$9.6 million, $6.7$8.3 million and $4.1$7.8 million,, respectively.
    
The future minimum lease payments required under capital leases and the present value of net minimum lease payments as of December 31, 20142017 are as follows (in thousands):
 Amount Amount
2015 $8,505
2016 9,257
2017 5,146
2018 634
 $8,221
2019 4,484
Total minimum lease payments 23,542
 12,705
Less: Amount representing interest (605) (205)
Present value of minimum lease payments 22,937
 12,500
Less: Current maturities of capital lease obligations (8,158) (8,044)
Long-term capital lease obligations $14,779
 $4,456

6. LONG-TERM DEBT

As of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following: following (in thousands): 
 December 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
 (in thousands)
$2,050.0 million term A loan, maturing on June 13, 2019, and bearing interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 2.16% at December 31, 2014) and amortizing on a basis of 1.25% per quarter during each of the first twelve quarters, 1.875% per quarter during the next four quarters and 2.50% during the next three quarters with a balloon payment due at maturity$1,998,750
 $
$1,850.0 million term A loan, maturing on May 15, 2018, and bearing interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (175 basis points) (total rate of 1.92% at December 31, 2013) and amortizing on a basis of 1.25% during each of the first eight quarters, 1.875% during each of the second eight quarters and 2.5% during each of the following three quarters with a balloon payment due at maturity
 1,803,750
$1,400.0 million term B loan, maturing on June 13, 2021, and bearing interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) with a floor of 75 basis points plus a spread rate (300 basis points) (total rate of 3.75% at December 31, 2014) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity1,393,000
 
$10.1 million leasehold mortgage, expiring on August 10, 2021 and bearing interest payable monthly at a fixed rate (rate of 6.22% at December 31, 2014)10,131
 10,131
Less: Current portion of note payable and current portion of note payable to related party(116,501) (92,500)
Less: Original issue discount(8,143) (2,631)
Note payable and note payable to related party$3,277,237
 $1,718,750
 December 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Term A loan, maturing in October 2021(1)
$2,345,907
 $2,469,375
Term B loan, maturing in October 2023(2)
757,350
 765,000
Incremental Term B loan, maturing in August 2024(3)
1,270,000
 
Senior Unsecured Dollar Notes, maturing in November 2025500,000
 
Senior Unsecured Sterling Notes, maturing in November 2025635,205
 
Leasehold mortgage, expiring on August 10, 2021(4)
10,131
 10,131
Revolving credit facility, expiring in October 2021(5)
225,000
 
Less: Current portion of notes payable and current portion of note payable to related party(107,897) (131,119)
Less: Original issue discount(3,052) (3,631)
Less: Debt issuance costs(46,296) (20,153)
Notes payable and note payable to related party$5,586,348
 $3,089,603
(1)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.48% at December 31, 2017 and 2.70% at December 31, 2016) and amortizing on a basis of 1.25% per quarter during each of the first twelve quarters (March 2017 through December 2019), 1.875% per quarter during the next four quarters (March 2020 through December 2020) and 2.50% per quarter during the next three quarters (March 2021 through September 2021) with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(2)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points at December 31, 2017 and 250 basis points at December 31, 2016) (total rate of 3.48% at December 31, 2017 and 3.25% at December 31, 2016) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)
Interest payable at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.48% at December 31, 2017) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(4)
Interest payable monthly at a fixed rate of 6.22%.
(5)
$225 million revolving credit facility borrowing interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.49% at December 31, 2017).


2014 Debt Refinancing
On June 13, 2014, Vantiv, LLC completed a debt refinancing by entering into an amended and restated loan agreement ("Amended Loan Agreement"). The Amended Loan Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities comprised of a $2.05 billion term A loan, a $1.4 billion term B loan and a $425 million revolving credit facility. Proceeds from the refinancing were primarily used to fund the Mercury acquisition and repay the prior term A loan discussed below with an outstanding balance of approximately $1.8 billion as of the date of refinancing. The prior revolving credit facility was also terminated. The

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2017 Debt Activity

On August 7, 2017, the Company funded the Fifth Third share purchase discussed in Note 9 - Controlling and Non-controlling Interests, by amending the Second Amended Loan Agreement to permit Vantiv LLC to obtain approximately $1.27 billion of additional seven-year term B loans. As a result of this borrowing, the Company capitalized approximately $23.1 million of deferred financing fees during the year ended December 31, 2017.

In connection with the Worldpay acquisition as discussed in Note 21 - Subsequent Events, on December 7, 2017, the Company priced an offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.375% senior unsecured notes due 2025 and £470 million aggregate principal amount of 3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2025, listed in the table above. The spot rate of 1.3515 U.S. dollars per Pound Sterling at December 31, 2017 was used to translate the Senior Unsecured Sterling Notes to U.S. dollars. The proceeds received in the connection with the senior unsecured notes offering are held in escrow and restricted as of December 31, 2017 pending the consummation of the acquisition, which subsequently took place on January 16, 2018.
As of December 31, 2017, Fifth Third held $163.7 million of the term A loans and the revolving credit facility, which is presented as note payable to related party on the consolidated statements of financial position.    

2016 Debt Refinancing
In October 2016, Vantiv, LLC completed a debt refinancing by entering into a second amended and restated loan agreement (“Second Amended Loan Agreement”). The Second Amended Loan Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities comprised of a $2.5 billion term A loan, a $765.0 million term B loan and a $650.0 million revolving credit facility. The prior revolving credit facility was also terminated. The maturity date and debt service requirements relating to the new term A and term B loans are listed in the table above. The new revolving credit facility matures in June 2019October 2021 and includes a $100 million swing line facility and a $40 million letter of credit facility. The commitment fee rate for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility iswas 0.375% per year.based on the Company’s leverage ratio at December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company periodically borrowed under its revolving credit facility and repaid the amounts prior to year-end. There were outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility of $225.0 million at December 31, 2017. There were no outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility at December 31, 20142016.. On January 6, 2015, the Company made an early principal payment of $200 million on the term B loan.
As of December 31, 2014, Fifth Third held $201.9 million of the term A loans.

As a result of the Company's 20142016 debt refinancing, the Company expensed approximately $26.5$16.6 million, which consisted primarily of the write-offs of unamortized deferred financing fees and original issue discount ("OID"(“OID”) associated with the component of the refinancing accounted for as a debt extinguishment and certain third party costs incurred in connection with the refinancing. Amounts expensed in connection with the refinancing are recorded as a component of non-operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2014, deferred financing fees of approximately $25.5 million and OID of approximately $8.1 million are recorded as a component of other non-current assets and as a reduction of note payable, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position. Fifth Third participated in the debt both prior and subsequent to the refinancing pursuant to terms and conditions consistent with third-party lenders, and therefore the refinancing of the component of the Company's debt held by Fifth Third was treated consistently with the overall refinancing.2016.
2013 Debt Refinancing

In May 2013, the Company entered into a $1.85 billion term A loan (the "2013 term A loan"), of which a portion of the proceeds were used to repay outstanding debt under the Company's 2012 refinanced debt agreement discussed below with an aggregate outstanding balance of approximately $1.2 billion as of the date of refinancing. The related revolving credit facility was also terminated. In addition to the 2013 term A loan, the new debt agreement included a $250 million revolving credit facility. The maturity date and debt service requirements relating to the 2013 term A loan are listed in the table above. The revolving credit facility originally matured in May 2018 and included a $75 million swing line facility and a $40 million letter of credit facility. The commitment fee rate for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility was 0.375% per year.

As of December 31, 2013,2016, Fifth Third held $343.6$151.1 million, of the term A loans.loans, which is presented as note payable to related party on the consolidated statements of financial position.

As a resultOn January 6, 2015, the Company made an early principal payment of $200 million on the Company's 2013 debt refinancing, theterm B loan. The Company expensed approximately $20.0$1.8 million which consisted primarily of the write-offs of unamortized deferred financing fees and original issue discount associated with the component of the refinancing accounted for as a debt extinguishment. Amounts expensed in connection with the refinancing are recorded as a component of non-operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, deferred financing fees of approximately $17.9 million and OID of approximately $2.6 million were recorded as a component of other non-current assets and as a reduction of note payable, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position. Fifth Third participated in the debt both prior and subsequentrelated to the refinancing pursuant to terms and conditions consistent with third-party lenders, and therefore the refinancingwrite-off of the component of the Company's debt held by Fifth Third was treated consistently with the overall refinancing.
2012 Debt Refinancing
Upon the completion of the Company’s IPO, the Company used net proceeds and cash on hand of $538.9 million to repay outstanding debt under the Company’s 2011 refinanced debt agreement. Contemporaneous with the repayment, the Company refinanced the remaining debt outstanding under the 2011 refinanced debt agreement, which consisted of two tranches, and terminated its $150.0 million revolving credit facility.

As part of the 2012 debt refinancing, the first lien loan agreement of the 2011 refinanced debt was refinanced into a new loan agreement consisting of term A loans and term B loans with balances of $1.0 billion and $250 million as of the date of refinancing, respectively, and a $250.0 million revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility originally matured in March 2017 and included a $75.0 million swing line facility and a $40.0 million letter of credit facility. The commitment fee rate for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility was 0.50% per year.

As a result of the Company's 2012 debt refinancing, the Company expensed approximately $55.6 million, which consisted primarily of the write-offs of unamortized deferred financing fees and OID associated with the component of the refinancing accounted for as a debt extinguishment, as well as a call premium equal to 1% of the outstanding balance of the

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original debt, or approximately $12.2 million. Amounts expensed in connection with the refinancing are recorded as a componentearly principal payments.

The closing of non-operating expensesthe Legacy Worldpay acquisition on January 16, 2018 resulted in the accompanying consolidated statementeffectiveness of income for the year ended December 31, 2012. Fifth Third participatedseveral debt amendments described in the debt both prior and subsequent to the refinancing pursuant to terms and conditions consistent with third-party lenders, and therefore the refinancing of the component of the Company's debt held by Fifth Third was treated consistently with the overall refinancing.  Note 21- Subsequent Events.

Guarantees and Security
The Company'sCompany’s debt obligations at December 31, 20142017 are unconditional and are guaranteed by Vantiv Holding and certain of Vantiv Holding’s existing and subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries. The refinanced debt and related guarantees are secured on a first-priority basis (subject to liens permitted under the Second Amended Loan Agreement) by substantially all the capital stock (subject to a 65% limitation on pledges of capital stock of foreign subsidiaries and domestic holding companies of foreign subsidiaries) and personal property of Vantiv Holding and any obligors as well as any real property in excess of $10$25 million in the aggregate held by Vantiv Holding or any obligors (other than Vantiv Holding), subject to certain exceptions. 


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Covenants
 
There are certain financial and non-financial covenants contained in the Second Amended Loan Agreement for the refinanced debt, which are tested on a quarterly basis. The financial covenants require maintenance of certain leverage and interest coverage ratios. At December 31, 2014,2017, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants.

7. TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENTS
 
In connection with its IPO,As of December 31, 2017, the Company entered intois party to several TRAs with its pre-IPO investors,in which consisted of certain funds managed by Advent, Fifth Third and JPDN. A description of each TRA is as follows:
TRA with Fifth Third:  Provides for the payment by the Company agrees to Fifth Third equalmake payments to various parties of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax thatbenefits realized by the Company realizes as a result of the increases incertain tax basis that result from the purchase of Vantiv Holding units from Fifth Third or from the exchange of Vantiv Holding units by Fifth Third for cash or shares of Class A common stock,deductions. Unless amended as well as the tax benefits attributable to payments made under such TRA. Any actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of anydiscussed below, payments under the TRA,TRAs will vary depending upon a number of factors, includingbe based on the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of the Company’s income.

Obligationstax reporting positions of the Company under the TRA have been created as a result of the purchase of Vantiv Holding units from Fifth Third in connection with the underwriters' exercise of their option to purchase additional shares of the Company’s Class A common stock subsequent to the IPO, as well as through the exchange by Fifth Third of Class B units of Vantiv Holding for Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock in subsequent secondary offerings, as discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

TRA with Advent:  Provides for the payment by the Company to Advent equal to 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company realizes as a result of the use of the Company’s tax attributes in existence prior to the effective date of the Company’s IPO. As further discussed below, the Company settled the TRA obligation with Advent in October 2013.
TRA with all pre-IPO investors:  Provides for the payment by the Company to its pre-IPO investors of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that NPC Group, Inc., or NPC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, realizes as a result of its use of its NOLs and other tax attributes, with any such payment being paid to Advent, Fifth Third and JPDN according to their respective ownership interests in Vantiv Holding immediately prior to the IPO. As further discussed below, the Company settled the Advent and JPDN portion of the TRA obligation in October 2013. The remaining TRA obligation after the settlement transaction is solely with Fifth Third.
TRA with JPDN:  Provides for the payment to JPDN of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company realizes as a result in the increase of tax basis that may result

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from the Vantiv Holding units exchanged for the Company’s Class A common stock by JPDN, as well as the tax benefits attributable to payments made under such TRA.  As part of the recapitalization of Vantiv, Inc. and Vantiv Holding immediately prior to the IPO, JPDN contributed its units of Vantiv Holding to Vantiv, Inc. in exchange for shares of Class A common stock of Vantiv, Inc. creating a TRA obligation. As further discussed below, the Company settled the TRA obligation with JPDN in October 2013.

On October 23, 2013, the Company entered into substantially identical tax receivable termination agreements with Advent and JPDN to terminate the obligations owed to them under the TRAs discussed above. Under the terms of the tax receivable termination agreements, the Company paid approximately $112 million to Advent and $0.5 million to JPDN to settle approximately $254 million of obligations under the TRAs. As Advent and JPDN are considered related parties of the Company, the difference between the TRA payment amount and the liabilities settled was recorded as an addition to paid-in capital. As a result of the termination agreements, the TRAs with Advent and JPDN were terminated and the Company has no further obligations to Advent or JPDN under the TRAs.  The Company remains obligated to pay amounts due to Fifth Third Bank under its TRA. Advent was a stockholder of the Company and JPDN is an affiliate of the Company’s president and chief executive officer. A special committee of the Company’s board of directors comprised of independent, disinterested directors authorized the tax receivable termination agreements.

In connection with the annual process of determining the upcoming January TRA payment, the Company evaluates the assumptions underlying the TRA obligations. As a result of this process, obligations under the tax receivable agreements with Fifth Third were adjusted in 2014 to reflect the impact of tax planning strategies implemented during the year which are expected to reduce the amount of future obligations.  The Company recorded a benefit of $41.3 million in non-operating income (expense) during the year ended December 31, 2014 as a result of the reduction in the TRA obligations with Fifth Third.

As discussed in Note 2 - Business Combinations, the Company entered into the Mercury TRA, which generally provides that the Company will pay to the Mercury TRA Holders 85% of the value of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax that the Company actually realizes as a result of the increase in tax basis of the assets of Mercury and the use of the net operating losses and other tax attributes of Mercury. The Company recorded an initial liability of $137.9 million for the Mercury TRA and non-operating expenses of $14.6 million related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA during the year ended December 31, 2014.

The Company will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of the cash savings associated with the Fifth Third and Mercury TRAs. As a result of the termination agreements with Advent and JPDN, the Company will retain 100% of the cash savings associated with their respective TRAs.    

All TRA obligations are recorded based on the full and undiscounted amount of the expected future payments, except for the Mercury TRA which represents contingent consideration relating to an acquired business, and is recorded at fair value for financial reporting purposes (see Note 15 - Fair Value Measurements). The following table reflects TRA activity and balances for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands):
 IPO Transaction 2012 Secondary Offerings Balance as of December 31, 2012 2013 Secondary Offerings TRA Settlements Balance as of December 31, 2013
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$11,100
 $154,000
 $165,100
 $329,400
 $
 $494,500
TRA with Advent183,800
 
 183,800
 
 (183,800) 
TRA with all pre-IPO investors134,100
 
 134,100
 
 (68,900) 65,200
TRA with JPDN1,700
 
 1,700
 
 (1,700) 
Total$330,700
 $154,000
 $484,700
 $329,400
 $(254,400) $559,700


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


 Balance as of December 31, 2013 2014 TRA Payment 2014 Secondary Offering Acquisition of Mercury Change in Value Balance as of December 31, 2014
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$494,500
 $(726) $109,400
 $
 $(38,769) $564,405
TRA with all pre-IPO investors65,200
 (7,913) 
 
 (1,630) 55,657
Mercury TRA
 
 
 137,860
 14,560
 152,420
Total$559,700
 $(8,639) $109,400
 $137,860
 $(25,839) $772,482

In connection with the secondary offering in June 2014, as discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Fifth Third exchanged Class B units of Vantiv Holding for shares of Vantiv, Inc. Class A Common Stock. As a result of the secondary offering and exchange of units of Vantiv Holding, the Company recorded an additional liability under the Fifth Third TRA of $109.4 million and an additional deferred tax asset of $92.0 million associated with the increase in tax basis. The Company recorded a corresponding reduction to paid-in capital of $17.4 million for the difference between the TRA liability and the related deferred tax asset.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded an additional liability under the TRAs of $329.4 million and an additional deferred tax asset of $236 million associated with the increase in tax basis as a result of the exchanges of units of Vantiv Holding in connection with the secondary offerings. The Company recorded a corresponding reduction to paid-in capital of $93 million for the difference between the TRA liability and the related deferred tax asset.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded an additional liability under the TRAs of $484.7 million and an additional deferred tax asset of $138 million associated with the increase in tax basis as a result of the exchanges of units of Vantiv Holding in connection with the IPO and secondary offerings. The Company recorded a corresponding reduction to paid-in capital of $346.7 million for the difference between the TRA liability and the related deferred tax asset.

Payments under the TRAs discussed above are only required to the extent the Company realizes cash savings as a result of the underlying tax attributes. The cash savings realized by the Company are computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company to the amount of such taxes the Company would have been required to pay had there been no deductions related to the tax attributes discussed above. Asattributes. Under the agreement between the Company and Fifth Third dated August 7, 2017, in certain specified circumstances, the Company may be required to make payments in excess of such obligationscash savings.

Obligations recorded pursuant to the TRAs are based on estimates of future taxable incomedeductions and future tax rates. Subsequent adjustmentsOn an annual basis, the Company evaluates the assumptions underlying the TRA obligations.

On December 22, 2017 the President of the United States signed into law Tax Reform, which amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits and deductions for businesses. The changes to the federal tax rate and other modifications of the tax receivable agreementcode have a material impact on TRA benefits related to the 2018 and future tax years. As a result of Tax Reform, the Company reduced its TRA liability to reflect the impact of the lower rate for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 by $418.9 million.

In connection with the acquisition of Mercury, the Company entered into the Mercury TRA and recorded a liability of $192.5 million for the Mercury TRA and non-operating expenses of $14.0 million, $19.5 million and $28.9 million related to the change in fair value of the Mercury TRA during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

From time to time, the Company enters into repurchase addendums providing for the early settlement of certain obligations. The following table presents the Company’s TRA settlements and the impact of these settlements on the Company’s consolidated statement of financial position (in thousands):
TRA Settlement Date Cash Buyout Payment Balance Sheet Obligation Prior to Settlement Deferred Taxes and Other Net Gain Recorded in Equity
Fifth Third 2017 call/put options 2017 $(63,355) $157,626
 $34,471
 $59,800
Mercury
 June 2017 (38,100) 38,100
 
 
Fifth Third July 2016 (116,294) 330,711
 84,099
 130,318
Mercury June 2016 (41,400) 41,400
 
 
Fifth Third October 2015 (48,866) 140,024
 32,967
 58,191
Mercury July 2015 (44,800) 44,800
 
 

The Company is granted call options (collectively, the “Fifth Third Call Options”) pursuant to which certain additional obligations of the Company under the Fifth Third TRA and the NPC TRA would be terminated and settled in consideration for cash payments. If the Fifth Third Call Option is not exercised, Fifth Third is granted Put Options pursuant to which certain these obligations would also be terminated in consideration for cash payments with similar amounts to the Fifth Third Call Options. During 2017 and 2016, we made payments of $63.4 million and $116.3 million, respectively, to exercise the call/put options pursuant to the Fifth Third TRA Addendum, as presented in the table above. The remaining call/put options, if exercised, require payments of $25.6 million, $26.4 million, $27.2 million and $28.1 million, effectively due on March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 respectively.

The full carrying amount of the Fifth Third callable/puttable TRA obligations for the options exercisable within 12 months of the balance sheet date have been classified as current obligations in the accompanying statement of financial position ($145.9 million).

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)



Since Fifth Third was a significant stockholder of the Company in 2016, a special committee of the Company’s board of directors comprised of independent, disinterested directors authorized the TRA Addendum.

During 2015, the Company entered into the Mercury TRA Addendum with each of the pre-acquisition owners of Mercury ("Mercury TRA Holders"). The Company has exercised all previous eligible options. The Company has two remaining options that can be exercised beginning December 1st of each 2017 and 2018, and ending June 30th of 2018 and 2019, pursuant to which certain additional obligations of the Company under the Mercury TRA would be terminated in consideration for cash payments of $38.0 million and $43.0 million, respectively. In the unlikely event the Company does not exercise the relevant Mercury Call Option, the Mercury TRA Holders are granted put options to which certain of these obligations of the Company would also be terminated in consideration for cash payments with similar amounts to the Mercury Call Options.

The Company’s President, Integrated Payments, is a Mercury TRA Holder. Pursuant to the initial payment under the Mercury TRA Addendum, this individual is entitled to receive an aggregate of $0.6 million, and could receive as much as an additional $2.2 million with respect to payments made pursuant to the Mercury TRA Addendum.

Except to the extent the Company’s obligations under the Mercury TRA, the Fifth Third TRA and NPC TRA have been terminated and settled in full in accordance with the terms of the Mercury TRA and Fifth Third TRA Addendums, the Mercury TRA, Fifth Third TRA and NPC TRA will remain in effect, and the parties thereto will continue to have all rights and obligations thereunder.
All TRA obligations are recorded based on the full and undiscounted amount of the expected future payments, except for the Mercury TRA which represents contingent consideration relating to an acquired business, and is recorded at fair value for financial reporting purposes (see Note 15 - Fair Value Measurements). The following table reflects TRA activity and balances for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):
 Balance as of December 31, 2014 2015 TRA Payment 2015 TRA Settlements 2015 Secondary Offering Purchase Accounting Adjustment Change in Value Balance as of December 31, 2015
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$620,062
 $(22,805) $(140,024) $376,597
 $
 $(769) $833,061
Mercury TRA152,420
 
 (44,800) 
 54,647
 28,940
 191,207
Total$772,482
 $(22,805) $(184,824) $376,597
 $54,647
 $28,171
 $1,024,268

 Balance as of December 31, 2015 2016 TRA Payment 2016 TRA Settlements 2016 Secondary Offering Change in Value Balance as of December 31, 2016
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$833,061
 $(31,233) $(330,711) $171,162
 $53
 $642,332
Mercury TRA191,207
 (22,241) (41,400) 
 19,474
 147,040
Total$1,024,268
 $(53,474) $(372,111) $171,162
 $19,527
 $789,372

 Balance as of December 31, 2016 2017 TRA Payment 2017 TRA Settlements 2017 Fifth Third Share Purchase 
Change in Value (1)
 Balance as of December 31, 2017
TRA with Fifth Third Bank$642,332
 $(33,355) $(157,626) $647,507
 $(418,858) $680,000
Mercury TRA147,040
 (22,340) (38,100) 
 13,971
 100,571
Total$789,372
 $(55,695) $(195,726) $647,507
 $(404,887) $780,571
(1) Change in TRA with Fifth Third bank is due to certain events (e.g. changes toTax Reform.

As a result of a Fifth Third share repurchase, secondary offerings and exchange of units of Vantiv Holding by Fifth Third Bank discussed in Note 12 - Capital Stock, the expected realizationCompany recorded the following (in thousands):

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Table of NOLs or changes in tax rates) will be recognized in the statement of income.Contents
Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Share Repurchase and Secondary Offerings by Year TRA Liability Deferred Tax Asset Net Equity
2017 $647,507
 $627,792
 $19,715
2016 171,162
 175,279
 (4,117)
2015 376,597
 355,430
 21,167
    
The timing and/or amount of aggregate payments due under the TRAs outside of the call/put structures may vary based on a number of factors, including the amount and timing of the taxable income the Company generates in the future and the tax rate then applicable, the use of loss carryovers and amortizable basis. Payments under the TRAs, if necessary, are required to be made no later than January 5th of the second year immediately following the taxable year in which the obligation occurred. Therefore, the Company was not required to make any payments under the TRAs during the year ended December 31, 2013.  The first contractually obligated paymentpayments under the TRA obligations approximately $8.6 million was paid duringin January 2014. An additional2015, 2016 and 2017 are in the tables above. The Company made a payment under the TRA obligations of approximately $22.8$61.7 million was paid duringin January 2015.2018. The January 20152018 payment is recorded as current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties on the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position and there are no amounts due in the next twelve monthsposition. Unless settled under the Mercury TRA. Theterms of the repurchase addenda, the term of the TRAs will continue until all suchthe underlying tax benefits have been utilized or expired, unless the Company exercises its right to terminate the TRA for an amount based on the agreed payments remaining to be made under the agreement.expired.

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
 
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
 
The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of its known or expected cash payments related to its variable-rate debt. As of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the Company’s interest rate derivative instruments consistedfor this purpose consist of interest rate swaps which hedgedand interest rate cap agreements. The interest rate swaps hedge the variable rate debt by effectively converting floating-rate payments to fixed-rate payments. TheseThe interest rate cap agreements cap a portion of the Company’s variable rate debt if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract. As of December 31, 2017 the interest rate cap agreements had a fair value of $24.4 million, classified within other current and non-current assets on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position. The interest rate swaps and caps (collectively “interest rate contracts”) are designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into a deal contingent foreign currency forward contract. The foreign currency forward serves as an economic hedge of the pound sterling denominated portion of the purchase price relating to the Worldpay acquisition. As of December 31, 2017, the foreign currency forward had a fair value of approximately $33.1 million, classified within other current assets on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position. The foreign currency forward has not been designated as a hedge for accounting purposes.
 
Accounting for Derivative Instruments

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


 
The Company recognizes derivatives in other current and non-current assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position at their fair values. Refer to Note 15 - Fair Value Measurements for a detailed discussion of the fair value of its derivatives. The Company designates its interest rate swapscontracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted interest rate payments related to its variable-rate debt.
 
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and underlying hedged transactions, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to forecasted transactions. A formal assessment of hedge effectiveness is performed both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis to determine whether the hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the underlying hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is assessed using a regression analysis. If it is determined that a derivative ceases to be highly effective during the term of the hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting for such derivative.
 
The Company’s interest rate swapscontracts qualify for hedge accounting under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Therefore, the effective portion of changes in fair value were recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transactions affectedaffect earnings.


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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
 
The Company'sCompany’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company uses a combination of interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. As of December 31, 2014,2017, the Company had a total of 184 outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. Of the 18 outstanding interest rate swaps, 12 of them covercovering an exposure period from June 2014January 2017 through June 2017 and haveJanuary 2019 with a combined notional balance of $1.3 billion (amortizing to $1.1 billion). The remaining 6 interest rate swaps cover an exposure period from January 2016 through January 2019 and have a combined notional balance of $500$500.0 million. Fifth Third is the counterparty to 72 of the 184 outstanding interest rate swaps with a $250.0 million notional balances rangingbalance for January 2017 to January 2018 and another $250.0 million notional balance for January 2018 to January 2019. Additionally, as of December 31, 2017, the Company had a total of 6 interest rate cap agreements with a combined notional balance of $1.0 billion, cap strike rate of 0.75%, covering an exposure period from $318.8 millionJanuary 2017 to $250.0 million.January 2020.

The Company does not offset derivative positions in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges included within the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position (in thousands):
 Consolidated Statement of
Financial Position Location
 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Interest rate swapsOther long-term assets $104
 $4,545
Interest rate swapsOther current liabilities 5,205
 
Interest rate swapsOther long-term liabilities 2,283
 3,728
 Consolidated Statement of
Financial Position Location
 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Interest rate contractsOther current assets $9,709
 $2,144
Interest rate contractsOther long-term assets 14,697
 21,085
Interest rate contractsOther current liabilities 4,152
 9,551
Interest rate contractsOther long-term liabilities 245
 5,507
 
Any ineffectiveness associated with such derivative instruments will be recorded immediately as interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2014,2017, the Company estimates that $5.2$1.3 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income as an increase to interest expense during the next 12 months.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, as a result of the refinancing of the Company’s debt during March 2012, the Company accelerated the reclassification of amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings as a result of the hedged forecasted transactions becoming probable of not occurring.  The accelerated amounts resulted in a loss of approximately $31.1 million, which was recorded as a component of non-operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The table below presents the pre-tax effect of the Company’s interest rate swapscontracts on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 (in thousands): 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Year Ended
December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
2014 2013 20122017 2016 2015
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: 
  
  
 
  
  
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion) (1)$(11,240) $244
 $(4,256)$6,661
 $(6,858) $(18,836)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated OCI into earnings (effective portion)(3,040) (573) (2,600)(9,416) (12,735) (6,990)
Amount of loss recognized in earnings (2)(1) 
 (31,079)(625) 
 
 
(1)
"OCI"“OCI” represents other comprehensive income.
(2)
For the year ended December 31, 2012, amount represents a loss due to hedged forecasted transactions becoming probable of not occurring and is recorded as a component of non-operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income. For the year ended December 31, 2014,2017, amount represents hedge ineffectiveness.

Credit Risk Related Contingent Features

As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $4.6 million.

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $8.7 million. As of December 31, 2014,2017, the Company hashad not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2014,2017, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $8.7$4.6 million.


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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Deal Contingent Forward

On August 9, 2017, the Company entered into a 1.150 billion pounds sterling notional deal contingent forward to economically hedge a portion of the purchase price relating to the Legacy Worldpay acquisition (see Note 21 - Subsequent Events for further discussion). The change in fair value of the deal contingent forward is reported in non-operating income (expense) in the Company’s consolidated statements of income, which is an unrealized gain of approximately $33.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The deal contingent forward settled upon the closing of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition in January 2018 and the Company recorded a related realized gain of approximately $56 million.

9. CONTROLLING AND NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS
 
The Company has various non-controlling interests that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation.Consolidation
(“ASC 810”). As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. owns a controlling interest in Vantiv Holding, and therefore consolidates the financial results of Vantiv Holding and its subsidiaries and records non-controlling interest for the economic interests in Vantiv Holding held by Fifth Third, with respect to periods subsequent to the IPO, and held by Fifth Third and JPDN, with respect to periods prior to the IPO. In connection with the IPO, various recapitalization and reorganization transactions were executed, as discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Further, as discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, theThird. The Exchange Agreement entered into prior to the IPO provides for a 1 to 1 ratio between the units of Vantiv Holding and the common stock of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
 
The Company and Peoples United Bank (“PUB”) formed People’s United Merchant Services (“PUMS”) duringIn May 2014, which representsthe Company entered into a joint venture that will providewith a bank partner which provides customers a comprehensive suite of payment solutions. Vantiv Holding owns 51% of PUMS and PUBthe bank partner owns 49%. PUMS will be of the joint venture. The joint venture is consolidated by the Company in accordance with ASC 810,Consolidation, with the associated non-controlling interest included in “Net income attributable to non-controlling interests"interests” in the consolidated statements of income. PUB contributed a merchant asset portfolio to PUMS valued at $18.8 million which was recorded to non-controlling interests in the 2014 consolidated statement of equity.


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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


As of December 31, 2014, Vantiv,2017, Worldpay, Inc.’s interest in Vantiv Holding was 77.17%91.42%. Changes in units and related ownership interest in Vantiv Holding are summarized as follows:
Vantiv, Inc. Fifth Third TotalWorldpay, Inc. Fifth Third Total
As of December 31, 2012142,243,680
 70,219,136
 212,462,816
As of December 31, 2015155,488,326
 35,042,826
 190,531,152
% of ownership66.95% 33.05%  
81.61% 18.39%  
Fifth Third exchange of Vantiv Holding units for shares of Class A common stock in connection with 2013 secondary offerings21,396,310
 (21,396,310) 
Fifth Third exchange of Class C units of Vantiv Holding for shares of Class A common stock in connection with partial warrant exercise5,651,432
 
 5,651,432
Share repurchases(20,903,669) 
 (20,903,669)(1,406,600) 
 (1,406,600)
Equity plan activity (a)(1)(977,640) 
 (977,640)1,401,673
 
 1,401,673
As of December 31, 2013141,758,681
 48,822,826
 190,581,507
As of December 31, 2016161,134,831
 35,042,826
 196,177,657
% of ownership74.38% 25.62%  
82.14% 17.86%  
Fifth Third exchange of Vantiv Holding units for shares of Class A common stock in connection with June 2014 secondary offering5,780,000
 (5,780,000) 
Share repurchases(1,936,400) 
 (1,936,400)
Fifth Third exchange of Vantiv Holding units for shares of Class A common stock19,790,000
 (19,790,000) 
Purchase and cancellation of Class A common stock(19,790,000) 
 (19,790,000)
Equity plan activity (a)(1)(147,273) 
 (147,273)1,461,150
 
 1,461,150
As of December 31, 2014145,455,008
 43,042,826
 188,497,834
As of December 31, 2017162,595,981
 15,252,826
 177,848,807
% of ownership77.17% 22.83% 

91.42% 8.58%  
 
(a)
(1)
Includes stock issued under the equity plans less Class A common stock withheld to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations upon vesting or exercise of employee equity awards and forfeitures of restricted Class A common stock awards.

On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a transaction agreement with Fifth Third Bank pursuant to which Fifth Third Bank agreed to exercise its right to exchange 19,790,000 Class B Units in Vantiv Holding, LLC for 19,790,000 of the Company’s Class A common stock and immediately thereafter, the Company purchased those newly issued shares of Class A common stock directly from Fifth Third Bank at a price of $64.04 per share, the closing share price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on August 4, 2017. The purchased shares were cancelled and are no longer outstanding.


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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


As a result of the changes in ownership interests in Vantiv Holding, periodic adjustments of $58.4 million and $260.2 million were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively,are made in order to reflect the portion of net assets of Vantiv Holding attributable to non-controlling unit holders based on changes in the proportionate ownership interests in Vantiv Holding during those periods.
 
The table below provides a reconciliation of net income attributable to non-controlling interests based on relative ownership interests as discussed above (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2014 2013 20122017 2016 2015
Net income$168,990
 $208,140
 $110,758
$182,692
 $280,871
 $209,229
Items not allocable to non-controlling interests: 
  
  
 
  
  
Vantiv, Inc. expenses (a)7,725
 58,520
 21,274
Worldpay, Inc. expenses (1)
215,828
 81,059
 55,111
Vantiv Holding net income$176,715
 $266,660
 $132,032
$398,520
 $361,930
 $264,340
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests of Fifth Third (b)$43,022
 $74,568
 $53,148
Net income attributable to PUMS non-controlling interest (c)676
 
 
     
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests of Fifth Third (2)
$49,850
 $65,789
 $58,938
Net income attributable to joint venture non-controlling interest (3)
2,732
 1,874
 2,345
Total net income attributable to non-controlling interests$43,698
 $74,568
 $53,148
$52,582
 $67,663
 $61,283
 
 
(a)(1)  Primarily represents income tax expense and TRA revaluation adjustments related to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. and TRA related expense (credits) (see Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements).
(b)(2)Net income attributable to non-controlling interests of Fifth Third reflects the allocation of Vantiv Holding’s net income based on the proportionate ownership interests in Vantiv Holding held by the non-controlling unit holders. The net income attributable to non-controlling unit holders reflects the changes in ownership interests summarized in the table above.
(c)
(3)
Reflects net income attributable to the non-controlling interest of PUMS.the joint venture.

In connection with the separation from Fifth Third, Fifth Third received a warrant that allows for the purchase of up to 20.4 million Class C Non-Voting Units of Vantiv Holding at an exercise price of $15.98 per unit. The warrant was valued at approximately $65.4 million at June 30, 2009 and was recorded as a component of non-controlling interest on the accompanying statements of financial position.

On December 2, 2015, the Company entered into a warrant cancellation agreement (the "Warrant Cancellation Agreement") with Fifth Third to cancel a portion of the warrant. The Warrant Cancellation Agreement cancelled the rights under the warrant to purchase 4.8 million Class C Units of Vantiv Holding for aggregate consideration of $200 million paid by the Company to Fifth Third. Following the effectiveness of the Warrant Cancellation Agreement, Fifth Third net exercised a portion of the warrants it held to purchase 5.4 million Class C Units of Vantiv Holding. As of December 31, 2015, Fifth Third held the rights to purchase 7.8 million Class C Units of Vantiv Holding which are exchangeable for Class A common stock. The remaining warrant held by Fifth Third in the amount of $25 million was recorded as a component of non-controlling interest on the accompanying statements of financial position as of December 31, 2015.

On November 28, 2016, Fifth Third net exercised the remaining warrant it held to purchase approximately 5.7 million Class C Units of Vantiv Holding. The value of the warrant is exercisable, in whole or in part, and from time to time, but not during a restricted period. A restricted period means a period during which Vantiv Holding (or any successor thereto) is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes; provided that the restricted period shall terminate upon the earlier of (i) a change of control, and (ii)exercised in the event Vantiv, Inc. is no longer a public company owning Vantiv Holding, both as defined inamount of $25 million was reclassified out of non-controlling interests to additional paid-in capital on the accompanying statements of financial position.


8178
   

Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


the warrant agreement. The warrant expires upon the earliest to occur of the 20th anniversary of the issue date or a change of control where the price paid per unit in such change of control minus the exercise price of the warrant is less than zero. Fifth Third is entitled to purchase the underlying Units of the warrant at a price of $15.98 per unit. The warrant was valued at approximately $65.4 million at June 30, 2009, the issuance date, using a Black-Scholes option valuation model using probability weighted scenarios. The warrant is recorded as a component of the non-controlling interest on the accompanying statements of financial position as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.

10. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES

Leases

The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating leases that expire between September 2015May 2018 and December 2045. Future minimum commitments under these leases are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,  
2015 $5,725
2016 4,555
2017 4,399
Year Ended December 31,  
2018 4,411
 $8,652
2019 3,571
 6,706
2020 4,977
2021 4,398
2022 2,725
Thereafter 14,015
 10,964
Total $36,676
 $38,422

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 was approximately $9.9$9.3 million, $7.0$9.4 million and $6.6$11.6 million,, respectively.

Legal Reserve
 
From time to time, the Company is involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of its business. While it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution or range of financial liability with respect to these contingent matters, management believes none of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material effect upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements.statements, except as described below.

On April 17, 2017, the Company entered into a preliminary settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) to settle class action litigation filed by plaintiffs in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (the “Court”) under the caption Champs Sports Bar & Grill Co.et al. v. Mercury Payment Systems, LLC et al. regarding certain legacy business practices of the defendants, Mercury Payment Systems, LLC (“Mercury”) and Global Payments Direct, Inc., dating back to 2009. The Company acquired Mercury on June 13, 2014.

Under the terms of the Agreement, in exchange for a release from all claims relating to such legacy business practices from the beginning of the applicable settlement class period through the date of preliminary approval of the settlement, the Company incurred a charge of $41.5 million for the settlement. On August 29, 2017, a final approval hearing took place and the Agreement was approved.
While the agreement contains no admission of wrongdoing and the Company believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims, the Company agreed to the structure of the settlement, in order to save costs and avoid the risks of on-going litigation.

11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company offers a defined contribution savings plan to virtually all Company employees. The plan provides for elective, tax-deferredpre-tax or after tax participant contributions and Company matching contributions.

Expenses associated with the defined contribution savings plan for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 were $7.3$10.8 million, $5.9$10.1 million and $4.5$9.1 million,, respectively.

12. CAPITAL STOCK

Common Stock

Under the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 890,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.00001 per share and 100,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with no par value per share. The Class A and Class B common stock each provide holders with one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders; however, the holders of shares of Class B common stock shall be limited to voting

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


power, including voting power associated with any Class A common stock held, of 18.5% at any time other than in connection with a stockholder vote with respect to a change of control. Also, holders of Class B common stock do not have any of the economic rights (including rights to dividends and distributions upon liquidation) provided to the holders of Class A common stock. The holders of Class B common stock hold one share of Class B common stock for each Vantiv Holding Class B unit they hold. The Class B units of Vantiv Holding may be exchanged for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis or, at the Company'sCompany’s option, for cash.cash equal to the fair value of the shares tendered for exchange. Upon exchange of any Class B units of Vantiv Holding, an equal number of shares of Class B common stock automatically will be cancelled. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together

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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


as a single class, except that the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to elect a number of the Company'sCompany’s directors equal to the percentage of the voting power of all of the outstanding common stock represented by the Class B common stock but not exceeding 18.5% of the board of directors. Fifth Third holds all of the issued and outstanding Class B common stock.
 
As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, on March 21, 2012, the Company completed the IPO of its Class A common stock. In the IPO, an aggregate of 33,823,800 shares of Class A common stock were issued and sold to the public (including 4,411,800 Class A shares representing an over-allotment option granted by the Company and the selling stockholders to the underwriters in the IPO) at a price per share of $17.00. In conjunction with the IPO, the Company also issued 86,005,200 shares of Class B common stock to Fifth Third. As of December 31, 2014, 145,455,0082017, 162,595,981 shares of Class A common stock and 43,042,82615,252,826 shares of Class B common stock were issued and outstanding.

AsSecondary Offerings

On December 8, 2015, subsequent to the Warrant Cancellation Agreement and the Partial Warrant Exercise on December 2, 2015 as discussed in Note 19 - Basis of PresentationControlling and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in connection with the May 2013Non-Controlling Interests, a secondary offering the Company repurchased approximately 17.5took place in which Fifth Third sold 13.4 million shares of itsthe Company’s Class A common stock for approximately $400 million. The repurchased shares were retired and accounted for as a reduction to equity in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.stock.

On October 22, 2013, the Company's board of directors approved a programNovember 28, 2016, subsequent to repurchase up to $137 millionFifth Third’s exercise of the Company'sremaining warrant, a secondary offering took place in which Fifth Third sold approximately 4.8 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. During

The Company did not receive any proceeds from the year ended December 31, 2013, approximately 3.5 million shares were repurchased under this program for approximately $103 million. During the year ended December 31, 2014, approximately 1.1 million shares were repurchased for approximately $34 million, which completed the repurchases under this authorization. The repurchased shares were immediately retired.sales noted above.
Share Repurchases

On February 12, 2014, the Company's board of directors approved a program to repurchase up to $300 million of the Company’s Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2014, approximately $275 million was available under the February 2014 authorization. During the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 4.4 million shares were repurchased for approximately $200 million.

On October 25, 2016, the board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to an additional $300$250 million of the Company's Class A common stock. In connection with Fifth Third’s net exercise of the remaining warrant discussed in Note 9 - Controlling and Non-controlling Interests, the Company repurchased approximately 850,000 shares of its Class A common stock from Fifth Third for approximately $50.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, approximately 1.4 million shares were repurchased under the programs for approximately $81.4 million, which completed the repurchases under the February 2014 authorization and resulted in approximately $243 million available for repurchase under the October 2016 authorization, which is the amount available for repurchases as of December 31, 2017. The repurchased shares were immediately retired.

On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a transaction agreement with Fifth Third Bank pursuant to which Fifth Third Bank agreed to exercise its right to exchange 19,790,000 Class B Units in Vantiv Holding, LLC for 19,790,000 of the Company’s Class A common stock and immediately thereafter, the Company purchased those newly issued shares of Class A common stock directly from Fifth Third Bank at a price of $64.04 per share, the closing share price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on August 4, 2017. The purchased shares were cancelled and are no longer outstanding.
Purchases under the programprograms may be made from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The manner, timing and amount of any purchases arewill be determined by management based on an evaluation of market conditions, stock price and other factors. The Company’s share repurchase program hasdoes not obligate it to acquire any specific number or amount of shares, there is no expiration dateguarantee as to the exact number or amount of shares that may be repurchased, if any, and the Company may discontinue purchases at any time that managementit determines additional purchases are not warranted. During the year ended December 31, 2014, approximately 828,000 shares were repurchased under this program for approximately $25 million. The repurchased shares were immediately retired. There is approximately $275 million


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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Preferred Stock
 
Under the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.00001$0.00001 per share. As of December 31, 2014,2017, there was no preferred stock outstanding.

Dividend Restrictions

The Company does not intend to pay cash dividends on its Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. is a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of its own. As a result, Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.’s ability to pay cash dividends on its common stock, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions and other transfers from Vantiv Holding, which are subject to certain Fifth Third consent rights in the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. These consent rights require the approval of Fifth Third for certain significant matters, including the payment of all distributions by Vantiv Holding other than certain permitted distributions, which relate primarily to the payment of tax distributions and tax-related obligations.Holding. The amounts available to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. to pay cash dividends are also subject to the covenants and distribution restrictions in its subsidiaries’ loan agreements. As a result of the restrictions on distributions from Vantiv Holding and its subsidiaries, essentially all of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated net assets are held at the subsidiary level and are restricted as of December 31, 2014.2017.
    
13. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The company accounts for share-based compensation plans in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires compensation expense for the grant-date fair value of share-based payments to be recognized over the requisite service period.


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2012 Equity Incentive Plan
 
The 2012 Equity Incentive Plan was adopted by the Company’s board of directors in March 2012. The 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock-based awards. The maximum number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance pursuant to the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan is 35.5 million shares. In 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved a resolution that new grants of stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units shall vest or become exercisable in three equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date.

PriorRestricted Stock Awards

The Company grants restricted stock awards to certain employees which vest based on the recipient’s continued employment or service to the IPO,Company (“Time Awards”).

The Company also grants restricted stock awards to certain employees and directorssubject to the achievement of Vantiv Holding participated incertain financial performance measures ("Performance Awards"). These Performance Awards typically vest on the Phantom Equity Plan. As discussed in Note 1 - Basisthird anniversary of Presentation and Summarythe grant date. Participants have the right to earn 0% to 200% of Significant Accounting Policies, in connection with the IPO, outstanding awards undertarget number of shares of the Phantom Equity Plan were converted into unrestricted and restrictedCompany’s Class A common stock, issued underdetermined by the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.level of achievement of the financial performance measures during the performance period.

Phantom Equity Plan
Effective June 30, 2009, Vantiv Holding establishedThe grant date fair value of the Phantom Equity Plan for certain employees and directors. The aggregate numberrestricted stock awards is based on the quoted fair market value of units that were available to be issued under the Phantom Equity Plan was limited to approximately 15.3 million. Awards under the Phantom Equity Plan vested upon either the occurrence of certain events ("Time Awards") or the achievement of specified performance goals ("Performance Awards").
In connection with the IPO, vested Time Awards originally issued under the Phantom Equity Plan were converted into Class Aour common stock based on a formula as defined in the Phantom Equity Plan. Unvested Time Awards and Performance Awards were converted into restricted Class A common stock, which was issued under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.
The Company issued 1,381,135 shares of unrestricted Class A common stock related to vested Time Awards and 3,073,118 shares of restricted Class A common stock related to unvested Time Awards.  Compensation expense associated with the shares of restricted Class A common stock is equal to the remaining compensation expense previously associated with the Time Awards.  This compensation expense is being recognized prospectively, beginning on the date of the IPO and continuing over the remaining vesting period determined in accordance with the original Phantom Equity Plan award agreements.
grant date. The Company issued 3,560,223 shares of restricted Class A common stock in connection with the conversion of Performance Awards under the Phantom Equity Plan.  Theweighted-average grant date fair value of restricted Class A common stock awards granted during the years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015 was based on the IPO price of $17.00 per share. Prior to the IPO, the occurrence of a qualifying event underlying the Performance Awards had not been considered probable, thus, no compensation expense related to the Performance Awards had been recognized.$63.86, $50.08 and $38.10, respectively. The conversion of Performance Awards into restricted Class A common stock was accounted for in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, as an "improbable-to-probable" modification. As such, the Company began recognizing compensation expense associated with the converted Performance Awards on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period based on thetotal fair value of restricted Class A common stock on the date the awards were granted.vested was $8.3 million, $1.2 million and $47.2 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


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The following table presents the number and weighted-average grant date fair value of the restricted stock awards for the year ended December 31, 2014:2017:
 Time Awards Converted to Restricted Class A Common Stock Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Performance Awards Converted to Restricted Class A Common Stock Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2013950,089
 $4.02
 2,055,814
 $17.00
Conversion of Restricted Class A common stock to Class A common stock upon vesting(661,050) 4.08
 (1,025,459) 17.00
Forfeited(48,952) 3.76
 (17,144) 17.00
Non-vested at December 31, 2014240,087
 $4.01
 1,013,211
 $17.00
 Restricted Class A Common Stock - Time Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Restricted Class A Common Stock - Performance Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016161,310
 $40.57
 546,738
 $43.02
Granted145,501
 63.09
 236,550
 64.34
Vested(70,733) 39.69
 (47,169) 37.10
Forfeited
 
 
 
Non-vested at December 31, 2017236,078
 $54.72
 736,119
 $50.25

During the year ended December 31, 2017, under the terms of the Paymetric transaction agreement, the Company replaced employee stock options held by certain employees of Paymetric with restricted stock awards. The total grant datenumber of replacement awards was based on options outstanding at the acquisition date. The weighted average fair value was calculated on the acquisition date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The $2.1 million of restricted stock awards vested was $20.1 million, $22.4 million and $3.6 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.fair value associated with future service will be recognized as expense over a one year period.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Restricted Stock Units
 
Also in connection with the IPO, theThe Company issued 74,110 restricted stock units to members of the Company’s board of directors, which vest on the earlier of one year from the date of the grant or the next annual stockholder meeting and will be settled in shares of Class A common stock following the termination of the director’s service. Subsequent to the IPO, the Company has continued to issueissues restricted stock units to directors and certain employees which typically vest on the first anniversary of the grant date (for directors) and in equal annual increments over three to four years beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant (for employees). Additionally, upon the IPO, the Company issued a total of 231,100 restricted stock units to 2,311 active employees of the Company, with each employee receiving 100 restricted stock units. Subject to recipients’ continued service, these units will cliff vest on the fourth anniversary of the IPO. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock units is based on the quoted fair market value of our common stock at the award date. The totalweighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $64.16, $51.75 and $38.42, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested was $3.7$18.8 million, $18.3 million and $0.1$10.5 million in 20142017, 2016 and 2013,2015, respectively.

Additionally, associated with the acquisition of Paymetric in May 2017, the Company issued restricted stock awards to certain employees subject to the achievement of certain financial and non-financial performance measures through 2020. See Note 2 - Business Combinations for additional information.
The following table presents the number and weighted-average grant date fair value of the restricted stock units for the year ended December 31, 2014:2017:
 Restricted Stock Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2013802,144
 $22.63
Granted496,847
 31.30
Vested(155,534) 23.93
Forfeited(162,962) 25.07
Non-vested at December 31, 2014980,495
 $26.41
 Restricted Stock Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016923,282
 $40.98
Granted373,889
 64.16
Vested(286,050) 36.72
Forfeited(101,827) 50.25
Non-vested at December 31, 2017909,294
 $50.35
    
Stock Options 

The Company grants stock options to certain key employees. The stock options vest in 25% annual increments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the participant's continued service through each such vesting date. All stock options are nonqualified stock options and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, under the terms of the Mercury transaction agreement, the Company replaced unvested employee stock options held by certain employees of Mercury. The number of replacement stock options was based on a conversion factor into equivalent stock options of the Company on the acquisition date. The weighted average fair value of the replacement options was calculated on the acquisition date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The replacement stock options typically vest over four and a half years with 22.22% of the awards vesting after one year and the remainder in quarterly increments, subject to the participant's continued service through each such vesting date. Per the applicable option agreement, if a participant is terminated without cause within the prescribed acceleration period (which range from 12 to 24 months following the acquisition), then such replacement options shall immediately become fully vested and exercisable at the time of such termination to the extent not then vested and not previously cancelled. The replacement options are nonqualified stock options and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. See Note 2 - Business Combinations for additional details.


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The following table summarizes stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2014:2017:
 Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding options at December 31, 2013649,613
 $21.95
 9.16 $6,925
Granted710,297
 31.02
    
Mercury replacement award grant1,750,519
 16.17
    
Exercised(270,603) 16.60
   $4,378
Expired
 
    
Forfeited(107,066) 22.77
    
Outstanding options at December 31, 20142,732,760
 $21.10
 8.40 $35,039
        
Options exercisable at December 31, 2014381,195
 $17.83
 7.73 $6,135
The
 Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding options at December 31, 20162,201,442
 $35.21
 7.72 $53,738
Granted604,008
 64.34
    
Exercised(331,438) 27.54
   12,484
Expired(3,423) 16.79
    
Forfeited(46,980) 49.00
    
Outstanding options at December 31, 20172,423,609
 $43.28
 7.41 $73,370
        
Options exercisable at December 31, 2017933,783
 $30.72
 6.26 $39,997

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 the total grant date fairaggregate intrinsic value of options that vested during 2014exercised was $10.2 million. There were no options vested or exercisable during 2013$12.5 million, $18.4 million, and 2012.$17.5 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value was estimated by the Company using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the assumptions below:
 2014 
 Vantiv Grant Mercury Replacement Options 2013 2017 2016 2015
Number of options granted 710,297 1,750,519 659,938 604,008 695,666 707,738
Weighted average exercise price $31.02 $10.18 - $29.79 $21.95 $64.34 $50.01 - $52.04 $37.10
Expected option life at grant (in years) 6.25 3.00 - 6.00 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25
Expected volatility 25.00% 24.80% - 30.80% 30.60% 23.91% 24.77% 26.33%
Expected dividend yield —% —% —% —% —% —%
Risk-free interest rate 1.93% 0.93% - 1.96% 1.15% 2.02% 1.41% - 1.45% 1.67%
Fair value $9.07 $17.75 - $22.10 $7.10 $18.34 $13.92 - $14.43 $11.04

The expected option life represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the "simplified method"“simplified method” allowed under SEC guidance. The Company used the "simplified method"“simplified method” due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the stock options. Since the Company'sCompany’s publicly traded stock history is relatively short, expected volatility is based on the Company'sCompany’s historical volatility and the historical volatility of a group of peer companies. The Company does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Company used an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant.

Performance Share Units

The Company issues performance share units to certain employees subject to the achievement of certain financial performance measures. These performance share units vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. Participants have the right to earn 0% to 200% of the target number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, determined by the level of achievement of the financial performance measures during the three year performance period.

Additionally, associated with an acquisition in 2013 In 2015 the Company also issued performance share units to certain employees subject to the achievement of certain financial and non-financial performance measures through 2016.2018.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the performance share units is based on the quoted fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. The totalFor the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the weighted-average grant date fair value of performance share units vested in 2014granted was $1.9 million. There were no$63.34, $50.04, and $39.16, respectively, and the total fair value of performance share units vested during 2013 or 2012.was $19.9 million, $17.1 million, and $1.2 million, respectively.


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The following table presents the number and weighted-average grant date fair value of the performance share units for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:2017:
Performance Share Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair ValuePerformance Share Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2013430,490
 $26.97
Non-vested at December 31, 2016316,701
 $37.70
Granted207,647
 31.02
181,033
 63.34
Incremental shares upon completion of performance goals150,739
 31.02
Vested(59,815) 31.76
(306,805) 31.30
Forfeited(70,225) 29.17
(13,756) 51.19
Non-vested at December 31, 2014508,097
 $27.76
Non-vested at December 31, 2017327,912
 $54.21

The share-based compensation expense related to the performance share units granted in 2015 ("2015 PSUs") was initially estimated based on target performance and was adjusted as appropriate throughout the performance period based on the shares expected to be earned at that time. The 2015 PSUs are included in the table above as non-vested at December 31, 2017 at target, or 100%. On February 21, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors certified the achievement of the performance goals for the 2015 PSUs, which had a performance period of January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, at the maximum 200% of the target number of shares (69,875 shares incremental to those included in the table above for the 2015 PSUs).

Employee Share Purchase Plan

In 2016 the Company began offering an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP has 2.5 million shares of common stock reserved for issuance. Full-time and benefits-eligible part-time employees who have completed at least one year of service are eligible to participate. Temporary, seasonal and employees subject to Section 16 reporting are excluded. Shares may be purchased at 85% of the market value at the end of the offering period through accumulation of payroll deductions. The ESPP provides for six month offerings commencing on January 1 and July 1 of each year with purchases on June 30 and December 31 of each year. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017 and 2012,2016, the expense related to the ESPP’s 15% discount is included in total share-based compensation expense disclosed below.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, total share-based compensation expense was $42.2$47.9 million, $29.7$35.9 million and $33.4$30.5 million, respectively. Related tax benefits recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of income totaled $12.9$15.6 million in 2014, $8.52017, $10.9 million in 20132016 and $9.9$8.8 million in 2012.2015. At December 31, 2014,2017, there was approximately $52.9$71.0 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 2.12.0 years.

14. INCOME TAXES

In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, income taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable for the current year and for the impact of deferred tax liabilities and assets, which represent future tax consequences of events that have been recognized differently in the financial statements than for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established using the enacted statutory tax rates and are adjusted for any changes in such rates in the period of change. Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. is taxed as a C Corporation, which is subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level. Therefore, tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect such status.

The following is a summaryCompany uses the asset and liability method of applicableaccounting for income taxes (in thousands):taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

  Year Ended December 31,
  2014 2013 2012
Current income tax expense:      
U.S. income taxes $29,234
 $48,494
 $40,747
State and local income taxes 4,474
 3,926
 5,754
Total current tax expense 33,708
 52,420
 46,501
Deferred income tax expense: 
 
 
U.S. income taxes 36,070
 30,264
 366
State and local income taxes (3,601) 1,076
 (14)
Total deferred tax expense 32,469
 31,340
 352
Applicable income tax expense $66,177
 $83,760
 $46,853
A reconciliationOn December 22, 2017, the President of the U.S.United States signed into law Tax Reform. Tax Reform amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions as well as reduces the corporate federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate with an effective date of January 1, 2018. The Company’s net deferred tax asset prior to Tax Reform was based on a combined federal and state rate using the Company’s then-current enacted federal tax rate of 35%. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate andfrom 35% to 21% under Tax Reform, the Company's effective tax rate for all periods is provided below:
  Year Ended December 31,
  2014 2013 2012
Federal statutory tax rate 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
State taxes-net of federal benefit 2.6
 2.7
 3.1
Change in state and local tax law 
 
 (0.2)
State deferred rate impact (3.1) 
 
Non-controlling interest (5.6) (8.5) (8.4)
Other-net (0.8) (0.5) 0.2
Effective tax rate 28.1 % 28.7 % 29.7 %
Company


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has adjusted its net deferred tax asset. The Company estimates that this will result in a reduction in the value of its net deferred tax asset of approximately $363.6 million, which is recorded as additional income tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s revaluation of its deferred tax asset is subject to further clarification of Tax Reform through anticipated additional guidance and technical corrections. As a result, the actual impact on the net deferred tax asset as well as the impact on net income may vary from the estimated amount due to uncertainties in the Company’s preliminary review.

The following is a summary of applicable income taxes (in thousands):
  Year Ended December 31,
  2017 2016 2015
Current income tax expense:      
U.S. income taxes $27,852
 $57,966
 $28,586
State and local income taxes 6,366
 4,219
 4,311
Total current tax expense 34,218
 62,185
 32,897
Deferred income tax expense (benefit):      
U.S. income taxes 575,629
 70,786
 55,553
State and local income taxes 21,173
 8,882
 (273)
Total deferred tax expense 596,802
 79,668
 55,280
Applicable income tax expense $631,020
 $141,853
 $88,177
A reconciliation of the U.S. income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for all periods is provided below:
  Year Ended December 31,
  2017 2016 2015
Federal statutory tax rate 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
State taxes-net of federal benefit 2.9
 2.8
 2.7
Effect of changes in deferred tax rates 44.0
 0.1
 (1.9)
Non-controlling interest (1.6) (4.6) (5.9)
Other-net (0.7) 0.3
 (0.3)
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation (2.1) 
 
Effective tax rate 77.5 % 33.6 % 29.6 %

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
 2014 2013 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets        
Net operating losses $29,296
 $24,001
 $29,387
 $14,085
Employee benefits 46
 126
 1,247
 69
Other assets 813
 760
 2,691
 2,236
Other accruals and reserves 55,427
 2,922
 59,229
 89,239
Partnership basis 430,525
 363,514
 732,956
 771,311
Deferred tax assets 516,107
 391,323
 825,510
 876,940
Deferred tax liabilities        
Property and equipment (7,849) (5,925) (31,439) (13,677)
Goodwill and intangible assets (98,675) (52,606) (120,164) (150,687)
Deferred tax liability (106,524) (58,531) (151,603) (164,364)
Deferred tax asset-net $409,583
 $332,792
 $673,907
 $712,576

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As part of thecertain acquisitions, of NPC and Mercury, the Company acquired federal and state tax loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2014,2017, the cumulative federal and state tax loss carryforwards were approximately $81.7$111.1 million and $6.5$144.8 million,, respectively. Federal tax loss carryforwards will expire between 20272030 and 2034,2037 and state tax loss carryforwards will expire between 20152020 and 2030.2037.

The partnership basis included in the above table is the result of a difference between the tax basis and book basis of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.'s’s investment in Vantiv Holding. Vantiv Holding, a pass through entitypartnership for tax purposes, has an Internal Revenue Code election in place to adjust the tax basis of partnership property to fair market value related to the portion of the partnership interest transferred, including exchangesthrough an exchange of units of Vantiv Holding by its members. Included in partnership basis in the table above are deferred tax assets resulting from the increase in tax basis generated by the exchange of units of Vantiv Holding by Fifth Third and JPDN in connection with the IPO and subsequent secondary offerings. During the year ended December 31, 2013, in connection with the secondary offerings and related exchanges which took place in 2013, the Company recorded liabilities under the TRAs of $329.4 million and deferred tax assets of $235.9 million, with a corresponding reduction to paid in capital for the difference. During the year ended December 31, 2014, in connection with the secondary offering and related exchange which took place in June 2014, the Company recorded liabilities under the TRAs of $109.4 million and deferred tax assets of $92.0 million, with a corresponding reduction to paid in capital for the difference.Bank. See Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements for further discussion of TRAs.deferred tax assets as a result of the secondary offerings and exchange of units of Vantiv Holding.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed to determine whether the available evidence allows the Company to recognize the tax benefits. To the extent that a tax asset is not expected to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets. The Company has recorded no valuation allowance during the years ended December 31, 20142017 or 2013.2016.

A provision for federal, state and local income taxes has been recorded on the statements of income for the amounts of such taxes the Company is obligated to pay or amounts refundable to the Company. At December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the Company recordedhad an income tax receivable of approximately $9.4$23.1 million and $4.5$8.3 million,, respectively. respectively, which is included in other current assets on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes. As of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the Company had no material uncertain tax positions. If a future liability does arise related to uncertainty in income taxes, the Company has elected an accounting policy to classify interest and penalties, if any, as income tax expense. Accordingly, a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred as of the date of the financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Any amount recognized would be subject to estimate and management judgment with respect to the likely outcome of each uncertain tax position. The amount that is ultimately sustained for an individual uncertain tax position or for all uncertain tax positions in the aggregate could differ from the amount recognized.


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15. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses the hierarchy prescribed in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based upon the available inputs to the valuation and the degree to which they are observable or not observable in the market. The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:
 
Level 1 Inputs—Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible as of the measurement date.
 
Level 2 Inputs—Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly, including but not limited to quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and observable inputs other than quoted prices such as interest rates or yield curves.
 
Level 3 Inputs—Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk.
 
The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 20142017 and 20132016 (in thousands):
2014 20132017 2016
Fair Value Measurements UsingFair Value Measurements Using
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets:                      
Interest rate swaps$
 $104
 $
 $
 $4,545
 $
Interest rate contracts$
 $24,406
 $
 $
 $23,229
 $
Deal contingent foreign currency forward
 33,108
 
 
 
 
Liabilities: 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Interest rate swaps$
 $7,488
 $
 $
 $3,728
 $
Interest rate contracts$
 $4,397
 $
 $
 $15,058
 $
Mercury TRA
 
 152,420
 
 
 

 100,571
 
 
 
 147,040

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


 
Interest Rate SwapsContracts
 
The Company uses interest rate swapscontracts to manage interest rate risk. The fair value of interest rate swaps areis determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on the expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observed market interest rate curves. The fair value of the interest rate caps is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected future cash flows of each interest rate cap. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate caps, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market inputs including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. In addition, to comply with the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value MeasurementsMeasurement, credit valuation adjustments, which consider the impact of any credit enhancements to the contracts, are incorporated in the fair values to account for potential nonperformance risk. In adjusting the fair value of its interest rate swapscontracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered any applicable credit enhancements such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.
 
Although the Company determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its interest rate swapscontracts fell within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its interest rate swapscontracts utilized Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 20142017 and 2013,2016, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its interest rate swapscontracts and determined that the credit valuation adjustment was not significant to the overall valuation of its interest rate swaps.contracts. As a result, the Company classified its interest rate swapcontract valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities for further discussion of the Company’s interest rate swaps.contracts.

Deal Contingent Forward

The Company uses a foreign currency contract to manage its foreign currency exposure relating to the Worldpay transaction (see Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities). The fair value of the foreign currency forward is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the projected settlement value of the instrument. The projected settlement value is based on the expectation of future foreign currency rates derived from observed market interest rate curves. In addition, to comply with the provisions of ASC 820, credit valuation adjustments are incorporated in the fair values to account for potential nonperformance risk. In adjusting the fair value of its foreign currency forward contract for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered any applicable credit enhancements such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.
Although the Company determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its foreign currency contract fell within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, certain Level 3 inputs were utilized, including the probability of successfully closing the Worldpay merger and certain other estimates required to compute the credit valuation analysis, such as the estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2017, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the Level 3 inputs on the overall valuation of its foreign currency contract and determined that those inputs were in the aggregate not significant to the overall valuation of its foreign currency contract. As a result, the Company classified its foreign currency contract valuation in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities for further discussion of the Company’s foreign currency contract.


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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Mercury TRA

The Mercury TRA is considered contingent consideration as it is part of the consideration payable to the former owners of Mercury. Such contingent consideration is measured at fair value and is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which is classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Mercury TRA is recorded at fair value based on estimates of discounted future cash flows associated with the estimated payments to the Mercury TRA Holders. The significant unobservable inputsinput used in the fair value measurement of the Mercury TRA areas of December 31, 2016 is the discount rate, projectionswhich was approximately 14%. As of Mercury taxable income and effective tax rates for Mercury. Significant increases (decreases)that date, any significant increase (decrease) in any of those inputs in isolation would

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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


this input could potentially result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Due to the passage of time, the discount rate is no longer a significant input at December 31, 2017. The liability recorded is re-measured at fair value at each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings as a non-operating expense. The change in value of the Mercury TRA from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017 consists of the increase in fair value of $14.0 million and the decrease from payments of $60.4 million related to the Mercury TRA obligations and the exercised call options. The Company recorded non-operating expenses of $14.6$14.0 million and $19.5 million related to the change in fair value during the yearyears ended December 31, 2014.2017 and 2016, respectively. See Note 2 - Business Combinations and Note 7 - Tax Receivable Agreements for further discussion of the Mercury TRA.TRA including the roll forward of the fair value.

The following table summarizes carrying amounts and estimated fair values for the Company’s financial assets andinstrument liabilities excluding assets and liabilities measuredthat are not reported at fair value on a recurring basis,in our consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 20142017 and 20132016 (in thousands):
2014 20132017 2016
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value Carrying
Amount
 Fair ValueCarrying
Amount
 Fair Value Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value
Liabilities: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Note payable$3,393,738
 $3,310,181
 $1,811,250
 $1,815,459
Notes payable$5,694,245
 $5,772,055
 $3,220,722
 $3,250,025
 
We consider that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value (level 1) given the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of the Company’s notenotes payable was estimated based on rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and maturities and is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. As discussed in Note 4 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, subsequent to the Mercury acquisition in June 2014, the Company decided to phase out an existing trade name used in the ISO channel. As a result of this decision, the remaining useful life was changed from indefinite to definite which resulted in the Company recording a charge to amortization expense of $34.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2014. The trade name was revalued utilizing an income approach using the relief-from-royalty method with a resulting revised fair value of $6.7 million.

16.  NET INCOME PER SHARE
 
Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. by the weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted net income per share is calculated assuming that Vantiv Holding is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., therefore eliminating the impact of Fifth Third'sThird’s non-controlling interest. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, the Class B units of Vantiv Holding ("(“Class B units"units”), which are held by Fifth Third and represent the non-controlling interest in Vantiv Holding, are convertible into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Based on this conversion feature, diluted net income per share is calculated assuming the conversion of the Class B units on an "if-converted"“if-converted” basis. Due to the Company'sCompany’s structure as a C corporation and Vantiv Holding'sHolding’s structure as a pass-through entity for tax purposes, the numerator in the calculation of diluted net income per share is adjusted accordingly to reflect the Company'sCompany’s income tax expense assuming the conversion of the Fifth Third non-controlling interest into Class A common stock. The adjusted effective tax rate used in the calculation was 36.5% for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 38.5% for the year ended December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, there were approximately 43.0 million, 48.8 million and 70.2 million Class B units outstanding, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2012, these2017 and 2016, approximately 27.2 million and 35.0 million, respectively, weighted-average Class B units of Vantiv Holding were excluded in computing diluted net income per share because including them on an "if-converted" basis would have had an anti-dilutiveantidilutive effect. As the Class B units of Vantiv Holding were not included, the numerator used in the calculation of diluted net income per share was equal to the numerator used in the calculation of basic net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. As of December 31, 2017 there were approximately 15.3 million Class B units outstanding and 35.0 million Class B units outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
In addition to the Class B units discussed above, potentially dilutive securities during the yearyears ended December 31, 20142017 and 20132016 included restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock options, performance share awards and ESPP purchase rights. Potentially dilutive securities for the year ended December 31, 2015 includes restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock options and performance awards. Additionally, potentially dilutive securities during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 also included the warrant held by Fifth Third which allows for the purchase of Class C units of Vantiv Holding (the "Fifth Third Warrant"), stock options and performance share units.Holding. During the year ended December 31, 20142017, 2016 and 2013,2015, approximately 508,097738,520, 660,204 and 430,490, 472,518,

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


respectively, performance share unitsawards have been excluded as the applicable performance metrics had not been met as of the reporting dates.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, potentially dilutive securities included restricted stock awards and the Fifth Third Warrant, in addition to the Class B units discussed above.
 
The shares of Class B common stock do not share in the earnings or losses of the Company and are therefore not participating securities. Accordingly, basic and diluted net income per share of Class B common stock hashave not been presented.
 
The weighted-average Class A common shares used in computing basic and diluted net income per share reflect the retrospective application of the stock split which occurred in connection with the IPO.

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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)



The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except share data): 
  Year Ended
December 31,
  Year Ended December 31,
2014 2013 20122017 2016 2015
Basic:   
  
   
  
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc.$125,292
 $133,572
 $57,610
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc.$130,110
 $213,208
 $147,946
Shares used in computing basic net income per share:     
     
Weighted-average Class A common shares141,936,933
 138,836,314
 116,258,204
161,293,062
 156,043,636
 145,044,577
Basic net income per share$0.88
 $0.96
 $0.50
$0.81
 $1.37
 $1.02
Diluted:     
     
Consolidated income before applicable income taxes$235,167
 $291,900
 $
$
 $
 $297,406
Income tax expense excluding impact of non-controlling interest85,836
 112,382
 

 
 107,066
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc.$149,331
 $179,518
 $57,610
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc.$130,110
 $213,208
 $190,340
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share:

    
     
Weighted-average Class A common shares141,936,933
 138,836,314
 116,258,204
161,293,062
 156,043,636
 145,044,577
Weighted-average Class B units of Vantiv Holding45,472,332
 57,906,592
 

 
 42,521,087
Warrant10,121,483
 7,522,801
 4,935,301

 4,959,501
 11,866,595
Restricted stock awards1,321,890
 1,751,816
 1,553,857
Stock options318,175
 10,034
 
729,138
 531,165
 545,180
Restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan663,663
 510,694
 696,273
Performance awards121,283
 70,553
 260,730
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding199,170,813
 206,027,557
 122,747,362
162,807,146
 162,115,549
 200,934,442
Diluted net income per share$0.75
 $0.87
 $0.47
$0.80
 $1.32
 $0.95

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)



17. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
The activity of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedging and other activities for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 20122015 is presented below (in thousands):
   Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)     Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)  
  AOCI Beginning Balance Pretax Activity Tax Effect  Net Activity Attributable to non-controlling interests Attributable to Vantiv, Inc. AOCI Ending Balance  AOCI Beginning Balance Pretax Activity Tax Effect  Net Activity Attributable to non-controlling interests Attributable to Worldpay, Inc. AOCI Ending Balance
Year ended December 31, 2014              
Year Ended December 31, 2017              
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI $(17,819) $6,661
 $(2,295) $4,366
 $(340) $4,026
 $(13,793)
Net realized loss reclassified into earnings (a)
 11,622
 9,416
 (2,873) 6,543
 (1,480) 5,063
 16,685
Net change $(6,197) $16,077
 $(5,168) $10,909
 $(1,820) $9,089
 $2,892
              
Year Ended December 31, 2016              
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI $(14,336) $(6,858) $2,106
 $(4,752) $1,269
 $(3,483) $(17,819)
Net realized loss reclassified into earnings (a)
 5,132
 12,735
 (3,930) 8,805
 (2,315) 6,490
 11,622
Net change $(9,204) $5,877
 $(1,824) $4,053
 $(1,046) $3,007
 $(6,197)
              
Year Ended December 31, 2015              
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI $(5) $(11,240) $3,114
 $(8,126) $2,843
 $(5,283) $(5,288) $(5,288) $(18,836) $5,490
 $(13,346) $4,298
 $(9,048) $(14,336)
Net realized loss reclassified into earnings (a) 269
 3,040
 (874) 2,166
 (703) 1,463
 1,732
 1,732
 6,990
 (2,065) 4,925
 (1,525) 3,400
 5,132
Other 
 (212) 
 (212) 
 (212) (212) (212) 212
 
 212
 
 212
 
Net change $264
 $(8,412) $2,240
 $(6,172) $2,140
 $(4,032) $(3,768) $(3,768) $(11,634) $3,425
 $(8,209) $2,773
 $(5,436) $(9,204)
              
Year ended December 31, 2013              
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI $
 $244
 $3
 $247
 $(252) $(5) $(5)
Net realized loss reclassified into earnings (a) 
 573
 (157) 416
 (147) 269
 269
Net change $
 $817
 $(154) $663
 $(399) $264
 $264
              
Year ended December 31, 2012              
Net realized loss reclassified into earnings (a) $(9,514) $29,424
 $(5,495) $23,929
 $(14,415) $9,514
 $
Net change $(9,514) $29,424
 $(5,495) $23,929
 $(14,415) $9,514
 $

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Vantiv, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


 

(a)    The reclassification adjustment on cash flow hedge derivatives affected the following lines in the accompanying consolidated statements of income:    
 OCI Component    Affected line in the accompanying consolidated statements of income
Pretax activity(1)activity(1)
 Interest expense-net/non-operating expensesexpense-net
Tax effect Income tax expense
OCI Attributableattributable to non-controlling interests Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
            
(1)  The years ended December 31, 20142017, 2016 and 2013,2015, reflect amounts of losses reclassified from AOCI into earnings, representing the effective portion of the hedging relationships, and isare recorded in interest expense-net. The year ended December 31, 2012, reflects a net loss due to hedged forecasted transactions becoming probable of not occurring and is recorded as a component of non-operating expenses.

18. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In connection with the Company'sCompany’s separation from Fifth Third on June 30, 2009, the Company entered into various agreements which provide for services provided to or received from Fifth Third. Subsequent to the separation from Fifth Third, the Company continues to enter into various business agreements with Fifth Third. Transactions under these agreements are discussed below and throughout these notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Fifth Third currently holds 43,042,82615,252,826 shares of Class B common stock representing 18.5%8.6% of the voting interests in Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. and 43,042,82615,252,826 Class B units of Vantiv Holding representing a 22.83%an 8.6% ownership interest in Vantiv Holding. In addition, in connection with the separation from Fifth Third, Fifth Third received a warrant that allows for the purchase

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Table of up to 20.4 million Class C Non-Voting Units of Vantiv Holding as discussed in Note 9 - Controlling and Non-Controlling Interests.Contents
Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Debt Agreements

As discussed in Note 6 - Long-Term Debt, Fifth Third held $163.7 million and $151.1 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of the Company had certain debt arrangementsCompany’s outstanding and available from Fifth Third.debt. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 2012,2015, interest expense associated with these arrangements was $5.4$4.9 million, $7.34.2 million and $10.24.4 million, respectively, and commitment fees were $0.2$0.1 million, $0.30.1 million and $0.40.2 million, respectively.

Master Lease Agreement/Master Sublease Agreement

On July 1, 2009, theThe Company entered into a five-year Master Lease Agreement and a five-year Master Sublease Agreement with Fifth Third and certain of its affiliates, that remains in effect in accordance with its terms, for the leaseleases or sublease ofsubleases a number of office and/or data center locations. Relatedlocations with Fifth Third. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, related party rent expense was approximately $3.7 million, $3.7 million and $3.8 million, $3.6 millionmillion.

Service Processing and Other Service Agreements

$3.7 millionIn July 2016, the Company amended and extended its Master Services Agreement with Fifth Third (the “EFT Service Agreement”), respectively,expiring in June 2019, through December 2024. The EFT Service Agreement is exclusive and provides Fifth Third and its subsidiary depository institutions with various electronic fund transfer, or EFT, services including debit card processing and ATM terminal driving services. Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013EFT Service Agreement and 2012.other services is in the related party revenues line on the Company’s consolidated statement of income.

Referral Agreement

On June 30, 2009,In July 2016, the Company entered into anamended and extended its exclusive referral arrangement with Fifth Third.Third, expiring in June 2019, through December 2024. Commercial and retail merchant clients of Fifth Third and its subsidiary depository institutions that request merchant (credit or debit card) acceptance services are referred exclusively to us. In return for these referrals and the resulting merchant relationships, we make ongoing incentive payments to Fifth Third. The agreement also provides for our referral of prospective banking clients to Fifth Third, in return for certain incentive payments. This agreement terminates in June 2019. Costs associated with this agreement totaled $0.3$2.1 million, $0.40.7 million and $0.50.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 2012,2015, respectively.

Clearing, Settlement and Sponsorship Agreement and Treasury Management Agreement

As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Fifth Third is a member of the Visa, MasterCardMastercard and other payment network associations. Fifth Third is the Company'sCompany’s primary sponsor into the respective card associations. In July 2016, the Company amended and extended its agreement with Fifth Third, expiring in June 2019, through December 2024. Fifth Third also provides access to certain cash and treasury management services to the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132017, 2016 and 2012,2015, the Company paid Fifth Third approximately $2.8$2.3 million, $2.22.9 million and $1.42.3 million, respectively, for these services. As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the Company holds certain cash and cash equivalents on deposit at Fifth Third. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, approximately $81.0 million and $90.5 million, respectively, was held on deposit at Fifth Third. Interest income on deposits held at Fifth Third during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was immaterial.

Other Non-material Services

The Company continues to receive certain other non-material services from Fifth Third. The total expense for other services provided by Fifth Third for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

19. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s segments consist of the Merchant Services segment and the Financial Institution Services segment, which are organized by the products and services the Company provides. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), evaluates the performance and allocates resources based on the operating results of each segment. The Company’s reportable segments are the same as the Company’s operating segments and there is no aggregation of the Company’s operating segments. Below is a summary of each segment:


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Significant Accounting Policies, the Company holds certain cash and cash equivalents on deposit at Fifth Third. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, approximately $362.8 million and $146.3 million, respectively, was held on deposit at Fifth Third. Interest income on such amounts during years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $1.7 million, $1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Transition
Merchant Services Agreement—Provides merchant acquiring and payment processing services to large national merchants, regional and small-to-mid sized businesses. Merchant services are sold to small to large businesses through diverse distribution channels. Merchant Services includes all aspects of card processing including authorization and settlement, customer service, chargeback and retrieval processing and interchange management.
Financial Institution Services—Provides card issuer processing, payment network processing, fraud protection, card production, prepaid program management, ATM driving and network gateway and switching services that utilize the Company’s proprietary Jeanie debit payment network to a diverse set of financial institutions, including regional banks, community banks, credit unions and regional personal identification number (“PIN”) networks. Financial Institution Services also provides statement production, collections and inbound/outbound call centers for credit transactions, and other services such as credit card portfolio analytics, program strategy and support, fraud and security management and chargeback and dispute services.

In conjunction with the Company's separation from Fifth Third, the Company entered into a transition services agreement ("TSA") with Fifth Third. The TSA terminated on October 31, 2011. Subsequent to such date, the Company continues to receive certain non-material services from Fifth Third. The total for services provided by Fifth Third for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Management Agreement

In connection with the Company's separation from Fifth Third, the Company entered into a management agreement with Advent for management services including consulting and business development services related to sales and marketing activities, acquisition strategies, financial and treasury requirements and strategic planning. The Company was required to pay Advent $0.5 million the first year and $1.0 million annually thereafter. The Company paid Advent $1.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2012. Pursuant to its terms, the agreement was terminated in 2012 in connection with the IPO.

19. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Segment operating results are presented below (in thousands). The results reflect revenues and expenses directly related to each segment. The Company does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment asset data, and therefore such information is not presented.
 
Segment profit reflects total revenue less network fees and other costs and sales and marketing costs of the segment. The Company’s CODM evaluates this metric in analyzing the results of operations for each segment. 
Year Ended December 31, 2014Year Ended December 31, 2017
Merchant
Services
 Financial
Institution
Services
 TotalMerchant
Services
 Financial
Institution
Services
 Total
Total revenue$2,100,367
 $476,836
 $2,577,203
$3,567,533
 $458,944
 $4,026,477
Network fees and other costs1,033,801
 140,864
 1,174,665
1,780,179
 122,986
 1,903,165
Sales and marketing367,998
 28,355
 396,353
646,479
 23,027
 669,506
Segment profit$698,568
 $307,617
 $1,006,185
$1,140,875
 $312,931
 $1,453,806
 
Year Ended December 31, 2013Year Ended December 31, 2016
Merchant
Services
 Financial
Institution
Services
 TotalMerchant
Services
 Financial
Institution
Services
 Total
Total revenue$1,639,157
 $468,920
 $2,108,077
$3,082,951
 $496,040
 $3,578,991
Network fees and other costs801,463
 133,978
 935,441
1,537,072
 137,158
 1,674,230
Sales and marketing286,200
 25,844
 312,044
557,942
 24,309
 582,251
Segment profit$551,494
 $309,098
 $860,592
$987,937
 $334,573
 $1,322,510
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012Year Ended December 31, 2015
Merchant
Services
 Financial
Institution
Services
 TotalMerchant
Services
 Financial
Institution
Services
 Total
Total revenue$1,409,158
 $454,081
 $1,863,239
$2,656,906
 $503,032
 $3,159,938
Network fees and other costs709,341
 131,256
 840,597
1,321,312
 156,890
 1,478,202
Sales and marketing255,887
 24,757
 280,644
478,736
 25,213
 503,949
Segment profit$443,930
 $298,068
 $741,998
$856,858
 $320,929
 $1,177,787


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


 A reconciliation of total segment profit to the Company’s income before applicable income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2014 2013 20122017 2016 2015
Total segment profit$1,006,185
 $860,592
 $741,998
$1,453,806
 $1,322,510
 $1,177,787
Less: Other operating costs(242,439) (200,630) (158,374)(318,665) (294,235) (284,066)
Less: General and administrative(173,986) (121,707) (118,231)(295,101) (189,707) (182,369)
Less: Depreciation and amortization(275,069) (185,453) (160,538)(318,493) (270,054) (276,942)
Less: Interest expense—net(79,701) (40,902) (54,572)(140,661) (109,534) (105,736)
Less: Non-operating income (expense)177
 (20,000) (92,672)432,826
 (36,256) (31,268)
Income before applicable income taxes$235,167
 $291,900
 $157,611
$813,712
 $422,724
 $297,406

20. QUARTERLY CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

The following table sets forth our unaudited results of operations on a quarterly basis for the years ended December 31, 20142017 and 2013.2016.
                  
Dec 31,
2014
 Sep 30,
2014
 Jun 30,
2014
 Mar 31,
2014
 Dec 31,
2013
 Sep 30,
2013
 Jun 30,
2013
 Mar 31,
2013
Dec 31,
2017
 Sep 30,
2017
 Jun 30,
2017
 Mar 31,
2017
 Dec 31,
2016
 Sep 30,
2016
 Jun 30,
2016
 Mar 31,
2016
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
Revenue$733,785
 $697,109
 $608,731
 $537,578
 $558,355
 $532,347
 $519,409
 $497,966
$1,065,746
 $1,033,765
 $998,764
 $928,202
 $955,132
 $914,019
 $891,217
 $818,623
Network fees and other costs331,635
 316,592
 277,392
 249,046
 249,733
 238,141
 222,502
 225,065
496,807
 479,533
 468,733
 458,092
 452,720
 423,361
 410,736
 387,413
Net revenue402,150
 380,517
 331,339
 288,532
 308,622
 294,206
 296,907
 272,901
568,939
 554,232
 530,031
 470,110
 502,412
 490,658
 480,481
 431,210
Sales and marketing116,169
 111,233
 90,507
 78,444
 80,081
 79,551
 76,436
 75,976
172,424
 173,779
 168,263
 155,040
 148,521
 153,248
 144,844
 135,638
Other operating costs64,657
 60,659
 56,754
 60,369
 52,462
 48,340
 49,268
 50,560
84,318
 79,482
 78,941
 75,924
 74,771
 72,162
 73,599
 73,703
General and administrative47,406
 45,422
 48,552
 32,606
 33,257
 27,489
 29,862
 31,099
105,469
 49,607
 50,727
 89,298
 55,876
 40,727
 49,120
 43,984
Depreciation and amortization70,893
 65,289
 89,041
 49,846
 49,025
 48,604
 44,528
 43,296
81,529
 82,500
 78,378
 76,086
 70,504
 66,086
 65,234
 68,230
Income from operations$103,025
 $97,914
 $46,485
 $67,267
 $93,797
 $90,222
 $96,813
 $71,970
$125,199
 $168,864
 $153,722
 $73,762
 $152,740
 $158,435
 $147,684
 $109,655
Net income$81,741
 $42,845
 $3,313
 $41,091
 $63,102
 $54,605
 $45,968
 $44,465
Net income (loss) attributable to Vantiv, Inc.$68,579
 $29,986
 $(1,409) $28,136
 $42,834
 $35,711
 $28,908
 $26,119
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Vantiv, Inc. Class A common stock:               
Net (loss) income$(46,368) $106,905
 $86,854
 $35,301
 $62,958
 $87,004
 $78,461
 $52,448
Net income (loss) attributable to Worldpay, Inc.$(59,670) $92,118
 $68,777
 $28,885
 $47,847
 $66,296
 $59,327
 $39,738
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Worldpay, Inc. Class A common stock:               
Basic$0.48
 $0.21
 $(0.01) $0.20
 $0.30
 $0.26
 $0.21
 $0.19
$(0.37) $0.57
 $0.43
 $0.18
 $0.30
 $0.43
 $0.38
 $0.26
Diluted$0.35
 $0.20
 $(0.01) $0.18
 $0.26
 $0.24
 $0.20
 $0.18
$(0.37) $0.57
 $0.42
 $0.17
 $0.29
 $0.41
 $0.38
 $0.25

Our results of operations are subject to seasonal fluctuations in our revenue as a result of consumer spending patterns. Historically our revenues have been the strongest in the fourth quarter and weakest in our first quarter.

* * * * *

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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)



21. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

Acquisition of Legacy Worldpay

On January 16, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Legacy Worldpay by acquiring 100% of the issued and outstanding shares. The approximately $11.9 billion purchase price consisted of Legacy Worldpay shareholders receiving 55 pence in cash and 0.0672 new shares of the Company’s Class A common stock for each Legacy Worldpay ordinary share held. As of the closing of the acquisition, Legacy Worldpay had 2,000,000,000 shares outstanding, thus resulting in an approximately $1.5 billion cash payment and 134.4 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock being issued to fund the acquisition.

On January 16, 2018, the Company’s Class A common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the new symbol “WP” and on the London Stock Exchange via a secondary standard listing under the symbol “WPY.” Legacy Worldpay shares were delisted from the London Stock Exchange on the same day.

The acquisition creates a leading global integrated payment technology and international eCommerce payment provider and will enable the Company to take advantage of strategic and innovative opportunities to provide differentiated and diversified solutions to address clients’ needs.

Financing Arrangements    

As of the completion of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, the Company’s outstanding debt consisted of the following (in thousands): 
 January 16,
2018
Term A-5 loan, maturing in January 2023(1)
$3,771,731
Term A-3 loan, maturing in October 2021(2)
179,175
Term B-4 loan, maturing in August 2024(3)
1,805,000
Term B-3 loan, maturing in October 2023(4)
757,350
Senior Unsecured Dollar Notes, maturing in November 2025(5)
500,000
Senior Unsecured Sterling Notes, maturing in November 2025(6)
648,859
Senior Unsecured Euro Note, expiring in November 2022(7)
613,175
Leasehold mortgage, expiring on August 10, 2021(8)
10,131
Notes payable and note payable to related party$8,285,421
(1)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (225 basis points) (total rate of 3.81% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 1.25% per quarter during each of the first twelve quarters (June 2018 through March 2021), 1.875% per quarter during the next four quarters (June 2021 through March 2022) and 2.50% per quarter during the next three quarters (June 2022 through December 2022) with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(2)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.56% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 1.32% per quarter during each of the first eight quarters (March 2018 through December 2019), 1.97% per quarter during the next four quarters (March 2020 through December 2020) and 2.63% per quarter during the next three quarters (March 2021 through September 2021) with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.56% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(4)
Interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR) plus a spread rate (200 basis points) (total rate of 3.56% at January 16, 2018) and amortizing on a basis of 0.25% per quarter, with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(5)
$500 million principal senior unsecured notes with interest payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 4.375% and principal due upon maturity
(6)
£470 million principal senior unsecured notes with interest payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 3.875% and principal due upon maturity. The spot rate of 1.3806 U.S. dollars per Pound Sterling at January 16, 2018 was used to translate the Note to U.S. dollars.
(7)
€500 million principal senior unsecured note with interest payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 3.75% and principal due upon maturity. The spot rate of 1.2264 U.S. dollars per Euro at January 16, 2018 was used to translate the Note to U.S. dollars.
(8)
Interest payable monthly at a fixed rate of 6.22%.


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Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)



Prior to the closing of the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, the Company entered into multiple amendments to the Existing Loan Agreement, which became effective at the closing of the acquisition. The resulting incremental funding is as follows:

$1.605 billion of additional five-year term Tranche A-5 loans (included in table above)
$535.0 million of additional seven-year term Tranche B-4 loans (included in table above)
$600.0 million of additional revolving credit commitments, resulting in total available revolving credit of $1.25 billion (no outstanding balance at January 16, 2018)
$594.5 million backstop Tranche B-2 (no outstanding balance at January 16, 2018)

Fifth Third Ownership
As a result of the 134.4 million shares of Class A common stock issued to fund the Legacy Worldpay acquisition, Fifth Third’s ownership percentage in Vantiv Holding decreases from 8.58% as of December 31, 2017 to approximately 4.9% as of January 16, 2018.

Deal Contingent Forward

Upon the closing of the acquisition, the Company settled its deal contingent forward discussed in Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities, which resulted in the Company recording a related realized gain of approximately $56 million.

Unaudited Pro Forma Results Giving Effect to the Legacy Worldpay Acquisition
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information presents the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017.
  December 31,
2017
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Total revenue $6,171,838
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc. 84,073
Net income per share attributable to Worldpay, Inc. Class A common stock:  
Basic $0.28
Diluted $0.28
Shares used in computing net income per share of Class A common stock:  
Basic 295,693,062
Diluted 297,207,146
The unaudited pro forma results include certain pro forma adjustments that were directly attributable to the acquisition as follows:
additional amortization expense that would have been recognized relating to the acquired intangible assets; and

adjustment to interest expense to reflect the additional borrowings of the Company in conjunction with the acquisition and removal of Legacy Worldpay debt.

******

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014.2017. The term "disclosure“disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014,2017, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
 
Management'sManagement’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also controls deemed effective now may become inadequate in the future because of changes in conditions, or because compliance with the policies or procedures has deteriorated or been circumvented.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014.2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO criteria"“COSO criteria”). Based on management’s assessment and the COSO criteria, management believes that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014.2017. In accordance with Sarbanes Oxley rules and regulations, which allow for a one year integration period, management has not conducted an assessment of internal control over financial reporting at Mercury Payment Systems, LLC ("Mercury"Paymetric Holdings, Inc. (“Paymetric”), which was acquired on June 13, 2014. MercuryMay 25, 2017. Paymetric had approximately 28.6%6.8% of the Company'sCompany’s total assets and 8.4%less than 1% of the Company'sCompany’s total revenue, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014. Mercury2017. Paymetric will be included in the Company'sCompany’s risk assessment and testing of internal controls in 2015.2018.

Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K and, as part of the audit, has issued a report, included herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014.2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 20142017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
Symmes Township, Ohio
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Worldpay, Inc. (formerly Vantiv, Inc.) and subsidiaries (the "Company"“Company”) as of December 31, 2014,2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Mercury Payment Systems, LLC,Paymetric Holdings, Inc., which was acquired on June 13, 2014May 25, 2017 and whose financial statements constitute 28.6%approximately 6.8% of total assets and 8.4%less than 1% of total revenuesrevenue of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014.2017. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Mercury Payment Systems, LLC. Paymetric Holdings, Inc.
Basis for Opinion
The Company'sCompany’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company'scompany’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company'scompany’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company'scompany’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of theits inherent limitations, of internal control over financial reporting including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be preventedprevent or detected on a timely basis.detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 of the Company and our report dated February 12, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Cincinnati, Ohio
February 12, 201528, 2018


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Item 9B. Other Information
On February 9, 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Vantiv, Inc. (the “Company”) approved certain changes to the compensation of Mark L. Heimbouch in connection with his assumption of additional responsibilities as the Company’s Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Operating & Financial Officer.  Mr. Heimbouch’s base salary was increased to $575,000, effective April 6, 2015, and his target annual cash bonus opportunity was increased to 100% of his base salary.  The Committee also approved a special long-term equity incentive award to Mr. Heimbouch with a target grant date fair value of $4.0 million.  The vesting of this equity incentive award is contingent upon continued service through the applicable vesting dates in 2017 and 2018, and with respect to half of the grant, both continued service and the achievement of pre-defined earnings per share goals for 2016 and 2017.None

On February 10, 2015, the Board appointed Kevin Costello to its Compensation Committee and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee, and David Karnstedt to its Compensation Committee and Audit Committee.  The effective date of these appointments coincides with the Company’s next regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings in April. As previously reported in current reports on Form 8-K filed July 17, 2014 and August 4, 2014, Mr. Costello and Mr. Karnstedt were elected to the Board on July 11, 2014 and August 4, 2014, respectively.

Effective February 10, 2015, the Board also increased its size from 11 to 12 and, upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, elected Lisa Hook to fill the newly-created directorship.  Ms. Hook was also appointed to the Audit Committee and the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. The effective date of Ms. Hook’s committee appointments coincides with the Company’s next regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings in April.  Ms. Hook is President (since January 2008) and Chief Executive Officer (since October 2010) of NeuStar, Inc., an information services and data analytics provider.  Ms. Hook has also served as a director of NeuStar since November 2010. Prior to joining NeuStar in 2008, Ms. Hook served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Sunrocket, Inc. from 2006 to 2007. From 2001 to 2004, she held several executive-level posts at America Online, Inc., including President, AOL Broadband, Premium and Developer Services; President, AOL Anywhere; and Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, AOL Mobile. Ms. Hook has also served in executive and special advisory roles at Time Warner, Inc., was legal adviser to the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, and was a senior attorney at Viacom International, Inc. Ms. Hook also serves on the boards of directors for Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier Group plc. 

Ms. Hook will receive the Company’s current standard compensation arrangement for non-employee directors. Accordingly, Ms. Hook will receive an annual equity grant of restricted stock units of $135,000 following each annual meeting of stockholders and an annual cash retainer of $80,000, paid quarterly in arrears. Ms. Hook’s initial grant of the annual equity retainer, made upon her appointment to the Board, was prorated based upon the time between the date of her appointment to the Board and the date of the Company’s annual meeting to be held in 2015.



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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item to be disclosed under is incorporated by reference to Vantiv'sthe Company’s Proxy Statement for its 20152018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.2017.
We
As a company incorporated in the United States and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the Company is not subject to the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code. The Company follows and complies with the NYSE Listed Company Manual, which is the NYSE’s comprehensive rulebook for listed companies, including publishing an annual confirmation statement. In accordance with the NYSE Listed Company Manual, we have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website (http://investors.vantiv.com)investors.Worldpay.com) under "Corporate“Corporate Governance." We will also provide a copy of these documents to any person, without charge, upon request, by writing to us at Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., Investor Relations Department, 8500 Governor'sGovernor’s Hill Drive, Symmes Township, Ohio 45249. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our website at the address and the location specified above.

Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Except as included below regarding equity compensation plan information, the information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 20142017 regarding the Company'sCompany’s equity compensation plans. The only plan pursuant to which the Company may currently make additional equity grants in the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.
 [a] [b] [c]  [a] [b] [c] 
 Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column [a])  
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1)
 
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (2)
 Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column [a]) 
  
Plan category  
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 2,819,718 $26.77 26,604,192(2) 3,538,173 $44.68 25,641,429
(3) 
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders        
Total 2,819,718 $26.77 26,604,192(2)(3) 3,538,173 $44.68 25,641,429
(3)(4) 
 
(1)
Column [a] includes the following outstanding equity-based awards:
1,269,3222,300,967 stock options.options;
1,042,299909,294 restricted stock units.units; and
508,097327,912 performance share units.
(2)
The weighted-average exercise price set forth in this column is calculated without regard to restricted stock units and performance share units, which do not have any exercise price.
(3)
Equity compensation plans consist of the Worldpay, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Equity Incentive Plan”) and the Worldpay, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The 2012 Equity Incentive Plan had 35.5 million shares initially authorized for issuance. In addition to these 35.5 million shares, the following shares will become available for grant under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, and, to the extent such shares became available as of December 31, 2014, they are included in the table as available for grant: (i) shares covered by outstanding awards under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan that are forfeited or otherwise terminated or settled in cash or other property rather than settled through the issuance of shares; and (ii) shares that are used to pay the exercise price of stock options and shares used to pay withholding taxes on equity awards generally.
(3) Additionally, at the time of the acquisition of Mercury Payment Systems, LLC, the Company registered and issued 1.8 million shares under the Mercury Payment Systems, LLC 2010 Unit Incentive Plan, as Restated and Assumed by

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Vantiv, Inc. The awards issued were stock options, which have been excludedDecember 31, 2017, they are included in the table above.above as available for grant: (i) shares covered by outstanding awards under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan that are forfeited or otherwise terminated or settled in cash or other property rather than settled through the issuance of shares; and (ii) shares that are used to pay the exercise price of stock options and shares used to pay withholding taxes on equity awards generally. The ESPP had 2.5 million shares initially authorized for issuance. As of December 31, 2014 there were 1.42017, 2.3 million outstanding options remaining with a weighted-average exercise price of $16.17.shares remain available for issuance under the ESPP.
(4)
Additionally, at the time of the acquisition of Mercury Payment Systems, LLC, the Company registered and issued 1.8 million shares under the Mercury Payment Systems, LLC 2010 Unit Incentive Plan, as Restated and Assumed by Worldpay, Inc. The awards issued were stock options, which have been excluded in the table above. As of December 31, 2017 there were 122,642 outstanding options remaining with a weighted-average exercise price of $17.02 and 315,761 awards available to be issued due to forfeitures subsequent to the acquisition.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a)(1) Consolidated Financial Statements
Our consolidated financial statements are set forth in "Item“Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"Data” of this report.

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not material or the required information is presented in the financial statements or the notes thereto.

(a)(3) Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.



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SCHEDULE I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Vantiv, Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
(In thousands)

  Year Ended
December 31,
  2014 2013 2012
       
General and administrative $181
 $
 $
Income (loss) from operations (181) 
 
Tax receivable agreements non-operating income (expense), net 40,399
 
 
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries 40,218
 
 
Income tax expense 47,943
 58,520
 21,274
Loss before equity in net income of subsidiaries (7,725) (58,520) (21,274)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 133,017
 192,092
 78,884
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc. $125,292
 $133,572
 $57,610

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Parent Company only).

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SCHEDULE I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
(In thousands)

  Year Ended
December 31,
  2014 2013 2012
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc. $125,292
 $133,572
 $57,610
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (4,032) 264
 9,514
Comprehensive income attributable to Vantiv, Inc. $121,260
 $133,836
 $67,124
 Year Ended
December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
General and administrative$24,722
 $366
 $745
Loss from operations(24,722) (366) (745)
Non-operating income (expense), net418,859
 (58) (359)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiaries394,137
 (424) (1,104)
Income tax expense609,966
 80,635
 54,007
Loss before equity in net income of subsidiaries(215,829) (81,059) (55,111)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries345,939
 294,267
 203,057
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc.$130,110
 $213,208
 $147,946

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Parent Company only).



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SCHEDULE I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONCOMPREHENSIVE INCOME (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
(In thousands)

 December 31,
2014
 December 31,
2013
Assets 
  
Current assets: 
  
Receivable from subsidiaries$27,016
 $
Other9,714
 3,770
Total current assets36,730
 3,770
Investment in subsidiaries1,056,716
 990,476
Deferred taxes429,629
 362,785
Total assets$1,523,075
 $1,357,031
Liabilities and equity 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$
 $9,368
Payable to subsidiaries
 20,032
Current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties22,789
 8,639
Total current liabilities22,789
 38,039
Long-term liabilities: 
  
Tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties597,273
 551,061
Total long-term liabilities597,273
 551,061
Total liabilities620,062
 589,100
Equity: 
  
Total Vantiv, Inc. equity903,013
 767,931
Total liabilities and equity$1,523,075
 $1,357,031
  Year Ended
December 31,
  2017 2016 2015
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc. $130,110
 $213,208
 $147,946
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 9,089
 3,007
 (5,436)
Comprehensive income attributable to Worldpay, Inc. $139,199
 $216,215
 $142,510

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Parent Company only).



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SCHEDULE I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFINANCIAL POSITION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
(In thousands)

 Year Ended
December 31,
 2014 2013 2012
Operating Activities:     
Net income attributable to Vantiv, Inc.$125,292
 $133,572
 $57,610
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:     
Equity in net income of subsidiaries(133,017) (192,092) (78,884)
Deferred taxes27,395
 13,658
 (16,538)
Tax receivable agreements non-cash items(40,399) 
 
Distributions from subsidiaries58,551
 126,895
 25,378
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation(13,420) (5,464) (14,747)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net(9,151) 10,497
 19,451
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities15,251
 87,066
 (7,730)
Investing Activities:     
Proceeds from sale of Class A units in Vantiv Holding77,165
 518,449
 17,906
Purchase of Class B units in Vantiv Holding from Fifth Third Bank
 
 (33,512)
Purchase of Class A units in Vantiv Holding(4,492) 
 (460,913)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities72,673
 518,449
 (476,519)
Financing Activities:     
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of offering costs of $39,091
 
 460,913
Proceeds from follow-on offering, net of offering costs of $1,951
 
 33,512
Advances from subsidiaries, net(20,032) 20,032
 
Proceeds from exercise of Class A common stock options4,492
 
 
Repurchase of Class A common stock(59,364) (503,225) 
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligations)(17,801) (15,224) (17,906)
Settlement of certain tax receivable agreements
 (112,562) 
Payments under tax receivable agreements(8,639) 
 
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation13,420
 5,464
 14,747
Distribution to funds managed by Advent International Corporation
 
 (40,086)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(87,924) (605,515) 451,180
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
 (33,069)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period
 
 33,069
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period$
 $
 $
      
Cash Payments:     
Taxes$28,583
 $31,874
 $16,984
Non-cash Items:     
Issuance of tax receivable agreements$109,400
 $329,400
 $484,700
 December 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Assets 
  
Current assets: 
  
Tax refund receivable$18,391
 $1,452
Total current assets18,391
 1,452
Investment in subsidiaries549,570
 1,260,427
Deferred taxes738,281
 769,365
Total assets$1,306,242
 $2,031,244
Liabilities and equity 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$23,557
 $2,548
Payable to subsidiaries70,146
 70,699
Current portion of tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties190,220
 191,014
Total current liabilities283,923
 264,261
Long-term liabilities: 
  
Tax receivable agreement obligations to related parties489,780
 451,318
Total long-term liabilities489,780
 451,318
Total liabilities773,703
 715,579
Equity: 
  
Total Worldpay, Inc. equity532,539
 1,315,665
Total liabilities and equity$1,306,242
 $2,031,244

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Parent Company only).


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SCHEDULE I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
(In thousands)

 Year Ended
December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Operating Activities:     
Net income attributable to Worldpay, Inc.$130,110
 $213,208
 $147,946
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:     
Equity in net income of subsidiaries(345,939) (294,267) (203,057)
Deferred taxes621,206
 54,540
 24,662
Tax receivable agreements non-cash items(418,858) 53
 (769)
Distributions from subsidiaries32,233
 84,844
 68,892
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
 (12,167) (16,707)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net7,812
 20,030
 28,834
Net cash provided by operating activities26,564
 66,241
 49,801
Investing Activities:     
Proceeds from sale of Class A units in Vantiv Holding1,278,149
 87,617
 216,933
Purchase of Class A units in Vantiv Holding(14,486) (15,389) (13,630)
Net cash provided by investing activities1,263,663
 72,228
 203,303
Financing Activities:     
Advances from subsidiaries, net70,146
 70,699
 5,519
Proceeds from exercise of Class A common stock options14,486
 15,389
 13,630
Repurchase of Class A common stock(1,268,057) (81,369) (200,406)
Repurchase of Class A common stock (to satisfy tax withholding obligations)(10,092) (6,248) (16,527)
Settlement of certain tax receivable agreements(63,355) (117,874) (49,222)
Payments under tax receivable agreements(33,355) (31,233) (22,805)
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
 12,167
 16,707
Net cash used in financing activities(1,290,227) (138,469) (253,104)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period$
 $
 $
      
Cash Payments:     
Taxes$5,636
 $6,843
 $2,323
Non-cash Items:     
Issuance of tax receivable agreements$647,507
 $171,162
 $376,597

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Parent Company only).

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SCHEDULE I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Worldpay, Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

For Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc.'s’s presentation (Parent Company only), the investment in subsidiaries is accounted for using the equity method. The condensed parent company financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc., is a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of its own and therefore its assets consist primarily of investments in subsidiaries. VantivWorldpay Inc.'s’s cash inflows are primarily from cash dividends and distributions and other transfers from Vantiv Holding, which are subject to certain Fifth Third Bank ("Fifth Third") consent rights in the Amended and Restated Vantiv Holding Limited Liability Company Agreement. These consent rights require the approval of Fifth Third for certain significant matters, including the payment of all distributions by Vantiv Holding other than certain permitted distributions, which relate primarily to the payment of tax distributions and tax-related obligations. As a result, Vantiv,Holding. Worldpay, Inc. may not be able to access cash generated by its subsidiaries in order to fulfill cash commitments or to pay cash dividends on its common stock. The amounts available to Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. to fulfill cash commitments or to pay cash dividends are also subject to the covenants and distribution restrictions in its subsidiaries’ loan agreements. For a discussion on the tax receivable agreements, see Note 7- Tax Receivable Agreements in the consolidated financial statements and notes of Vantiv,Worldpay, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit   Incorporated by Reference
Number Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
2.1  10-K 001-35462 2.1 February 8, 2017
2.2  8-K 001-35462 2.1 August 9, 2017
2.3  8-K 001-35462 2.1 August 11, 2017
3.1  S-3ASR 333-211645 4.1 May 26, 2016
3.1.1  8-K 001-35462 3.1 January 16, 2018
3.2  8-K 001-35462 3.2 January 16, 2018
4.1  8-K 001-35462 4.1 December 21, 2017
4.2  8-K 001-35462 4.1 January 16, 2018
10.1  10-Q 001-35462 10.1 May 8, 2012
10.2  10-Q 001-35462 10.2 May 8, 2012
10.3  10-Q 001-35462 10.3 May 8, 2012
10.4  10-Q 001-35462 10.4 May 8, 2012
10.5  10-Q 001-35462 10.6 May 8, 2012
10.6  10-Q 001-35462 10.9 May 8, 2012
10.7  8-K 001-35462 10.1 October 18, 2016
10.8  8-K 001-35462 10.2 October 18, 2016
10.9  8-K 001-35462 10.1 August 9, 2017
10.10  8-K 001-35462 10.1 August 9, 2017
10.11  8-K 001-35462 10.2 August 9, 2017
10.12  8-K 001-35462 10.3 August 9, 2017
10.13  8-K 001-35462 10.1 September 11, 2017

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Exhibit   Incorporated by Reference
Number Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
10.14  8-K 001-35462 10.1 October 4, 2017
10.15+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.24 March 5, 2012
10.16.1+  10-Q 001-35462 10.1 May 6, 2013
10.16.2+  10-Q 001-35462 10.2 May 6, 2013
10.16.3+  10-Q 001-35462 10.3 April 30, 2015
10.16.4+  10-Q 001-35462 10.4 April 30, 2015
10.16.5+  10-Q 001-35462 10.3 May 6, 2013
10.16.6+  10-K 001-35462 10.12.7 February 10, 2016
10.16.7+         
10.16.8+         
10.16.9+         
10.16.10+         
10.16.11+         
10.16.12+         
10.16.13+         
10.16.14+         
10.16.15+         
10.16.16+         
10.16.17+         
10.16.18+         
10.16.19+         
10.16.20+         
10.16.21+         
10.16.22+         
10.17+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.26 March 16, 2012

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Exhibit   Incorporated by Reference
Number Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
10.18+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.27 March 8, 2012
10.19+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.35 March 8, 2012
10.20+  10-K 001-35462 10.17 February 10, 2016
10.21.1+  10-K 001-35462 10.17.1 February 10, 2016
10.21.2+  10-Q 001-35462 10.1 April 27, 2016
10.22+         
10.23+         
10.24+ 

        
10.25†         
10.26+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.28 March 5, 2012
10.27+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.29 March 5, 2012
10.28+  S-1/A 333-177875 10.37 March 16, 2012
10.29†  10-Q 001-35462 10.1 July 28, 2016
10.30†  10-Q 001-35462 10.2 July 28, 2016
10.31  8-K 001-35462 10.3 June 19, 2014
10.32+  S-8 333-196911 4.3 June 19, 2014
10.33  10-Q 001-35462 10.1 July 29, 2015
10.34  10-Q 001-35462 10.1 October 28, 2015
10.34.1  10-Q 001-35462 10.3 July 28, 2016
10.35  8-K 001-35462 10.1 December 3, 2015
10.36  8-K 001-35462 10.1 November 23, 2016
10.37  8-K 001-35462 10.1 August 8, 2017
10.38+  10-K 001-35462 10.32 February 10, 2016
10.39+  10-K 001-35462 10.33 February 10, 2016
10.40+         
11.1         
21.1         

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ExhibitIncorporated by Reference
NumberExhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling Date
23.1
24.1
31.1.1
31.1.2
31.2
32
101Interactive Data Files.
Confidential treatment granted as to certain portions by the SEC.    
+Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  VANTIV,WORLDPAY, INC.
    
Dated:February 12, 201528, 2018By:/s/ CHARLES D. DRUCKER
   Name: Charles D. Drucker
   Title: PresidentExecutive Chairman and ChiefCo-Chief Executive Officer
    
    
Dated:February 12, 201528, 2018By:/s/ PHILIP JANSEN
Name: Philip Jansen
Title: Co-Chief Executive Officer
Dated:February 28, 2018By:/s/ STEPHANIE L. FERRIS
Name: Stephanie L. Ferris
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Dated:February 28, 2018By:/s/ CHRISTOPHER THOMPSON
   Name: Christopher Thompson
   Title: SVP, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer










































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Exhibit 24.1
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Charles D. Drucker, Mark L. Heimbouch and Nelson F. Greene, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution and full power to act without the other, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that all said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

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Signature Title Date
     
/s/ CHARLES D. DRUCKER ChiefExecutive Chairman, Co-Chief Executive Officer President and Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Charles D. Drucker (PrincipalCo-Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ PHILIP JANSENCo-Chief Executive Officer and DirectorFebruary 28, 2018
Philip Jansen(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ SIR MICHAEL RAKELead DirectorFebruary 28, 2018
Sir Michael Rake  
     
/s/ MARK L. HEIMBOUCH Sr. Executive Vice President and Chief Operating & Financial Officer and Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Mark L. Heimbouch (Principal Financial Officer)  
     
/s/ JEFFREY STIEFLERROHINTON KALIFA ChairmanExecutive Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Jeffrey StieflerRohinton Kalifa    
     
/s/ LEE ADREAN Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Lee Adrean    
     
/s/ GREG CARMICHAELKEVIN COSTELLO Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Greg CarmichaelKevin Costello
/s/ LISA HOOKDirectorFebruary 28, 2018
Lisa Hook    
     
/s/ GARY L. LAUER Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Gary L. Lauer    
     
/s/ KEVIN COSTELLOKAREN RICHARDSON Director February 12, 201528, 2018
Kevin CostelloKaren Richardson    
     
/s/ DAVID MUSSAFERBOON SIM Director February 12, 201528, 2018
David MussaferBoon Sim    
     
/s/ DAVID KARNSTEDTJEFFREY STIEFLER Director February 12, 201528, 2018
David Karnstedt
/s/ DANIEL POSTONDirectorFebruary 12, 2015
Daniel Poston
/s/ THOMAS RYANDirectorFebruary 12, 2015
Thomas Ryan
DirectorFebruary 12, 2015
Lisa HookJeffrey Stiefler    

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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit   Incorporated by Reference
Number Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
2.1 Master Investment Agreement among Fifth Third Bank, Fifth Third Financial Corporation, Advent-Kong Blocker Corp., Vantiv Holding, LLC (f/k/a FTPS Holding, LLC) and Vantiv, LLC (f/k/a Fifth Third Processing Solutions, LLC) dated March 27, 2009 and as amended June 30, 2009. S-1/A 333-177875 2.1 November 10, 2011
2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among NPC Group, Inc., FTPS-BG Acquisition Corp., Vantiv, LLC (f/k/a Fifth Third Processing Solutions, LLC), and National Processing Holdings, LLC dated September 15, 2010. S-1/A 333-177875 2.2 November 10, 2011
2.3 Recapitalization Agreement by and among Vantiv, Inc., Vantiv Holding, LLC, Fifth Third Bank, FTPS Partners, LLC, JPDN Enterprises, LLC and the Vantiv, Inc. stockholders party thereto. 10-Q 001-35462 2.1 May 8, 2012
2.4 Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 26, 2012, by and among National Processing Company, Vantiv, LLC, Litle & Co. LLC, Litle Holdings LLC, the members named therein and Thomas J. Litle IV, as members' representative. S-1 333-185222 2.4 November 30, 2012
2.5 Transaction Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2014, by and among Vantiv, Inc., National Processing Company, Mars Merger Sub, LLC, Vantiv, LLC, SLP III Quicksilver Feeder I, L.P., Mercury Payment Systems, LLC and Silver Lake Partners III DE, L.P. 8-K 001-35462 2.1 May 16, 2014
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vantiv, Inc. 10-Q 001-35462 3.1 May 8, 2012
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vantiv, Inc. 10-Q 001-35462 3.2 October 30, 2014
4.1 Form of Class A Common Stock Certificate. S-1/A 333-177875 4.1 March 14, 2012
10.1 Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Vantiv Holding, LLC. 10-Q 001-35462 10.1 May 8, 2012
10.2 Advancement Agreement by and among Vantiv Holding, LLC and Vantiv, Inc. 10-Q 001-35462 10.2 May 8, 2012
10.3 Exchange Agreement among Vantiv, Inc., Vantiv Holding, LLC, Fifth Third Bank, FTPS Partners, LLC and such other holders of Class B Units and Class C Non-Voting Units from time to time party thereto. 10-Q 001-35462 10.3 May 8, 2012
10.4 Registration Rights Agreement by and among Vantiv, Inc. and the stockholders party thereto. 10-Q 001-35462 10.4 May 8, 2012
10.5 Warrant issued by Vantiv Holding, LLC (f/k/a FTPS Holding, LLC) to Fifth Third Bank. 10-Q 001-35462 10.5 May 8, 2012
10.6 Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Vantiv, Inc., Fifth Third Bank and FTPS Partners, LLC. 10-Q 001-35462 10.6 May 8, 2012
10.7 Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Vantiv, Inc., the Advent Stockholders and Advent International Corporation. 10-Q 001-35462 10.7 May 8, 2012
10.7.1 Tax Receivable Termination Agreement, dated October 23, 2013, by and among Vantiv, Inc., the Advent Stockholders and Advent International Corporation. 10-Q 001-35462 10.1 October 24, 2013
10.8 Tax Receivable Agreement by and between Vantiv, Inc. and JPDN Enterprises, LLC. 10-Q 001-35462 10.8 May 8, 2012
10.8.1 Tax Receivable Termination Agreement, dated October 23, 2013, by and between Vantiv, Inc. and JPDN Enterprises, LLC. 10-Q 001-35462 10.2 October 24, 2013
10.9 Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Vantiv, Inc., Fifth Third Bank, FTPS Partners, LLC, the Advent Stockholders, Advent International Corporation and JPDN Enterprises, LLC. 10-Q 001-35462 10.9 May 8, 2012
10.10 Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2014, among Vantiv, LLC, Vantiv Holding, LLC, the other Loan Parties, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the other agents and lenders party thereto. 8-K 001-35462 10.1 June 19, 2014
10.11 Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2014, by and among Vantiv, LLC, various lenders from time to time party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent, and the other agents party thereto. 10-Q 001-35462 10.2 July 31, 2014
10.12+ Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. 10-Q 001-35462 10.1 November 1, 2012

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10.12.1+ Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan for Holders of Phantom Units under the Vantiv Holding, LLC Management Phantom Equity Plan. S-1/A 333-177875 10.24 March 5, 2012
10.12.2+ Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan for the Chief Executive Officer. S-1/A 333-177875 10.38 March 14, 2012
10.12.3+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors Under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. S-1/A 333-177875 10.39 March 14, 2012
10.12.4+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Carlos Lima under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. 10-K 001-35462 10.15 February 20, 2013
10.12.5+ Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Option Agreement under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. 10-Q 001-35462 10.1 May 6, 2013
10.12.6+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. 10-Q 001-35462 10.2 May 6, 2013
10.12.7+ Form of Performance Share Award Notice and Performance Share Unit Agreement under the Vantiv, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. 10-Q 001-35462 10.3 May 6, 2013
10.13+ Vantiv, LLC Executive Severance Plan. S-1/A 333-177875 10.25 March 14, 2012
10.14+ Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated March 15, 2012, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Charles D. Drucker. S-1/A 333-177875 10.26 March 16, 2012
10.15+ Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated February 27, 2012, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Mark L. Heimbouch. S-1/A 333-177875 10.27 March 14, 2012
10.16+ Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated February 27, 2012, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Donald Boeding. S-1/A 333-177875 10.34 March 14, 2012
10.17+ Amended and Restated Offer Letter, dated February 27, 2012, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Royal Cole. S-1/A 333-177875 10.35 March 14, 2012
10.18+ Offer Letter, dated May 30, 2012, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Carlos Lima. 10-K 001-35462 10.30 February 20, 2013
10.19+ Non-Competition, Non-Solicitation and Confidentiality Agreement made as of June 30, 2009, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Charles D. Drucker. S-1/A 333-177875 10.28 March 5, 2012
10.20+ Form of Vantiv, LLC Non-Competition, Non-Solicitation and Confidentiality Agreement for executive officers. S-1/A 333-177875 10.29 March 5, 2012
10.21+ Form of Indemnification Agreement. S-1/A 333-177875 10.37 March 16, 2012
10.22† Referral Agreement, dated June 30, 2009, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Fifth Third Bancorp. S-1/A 333-177875 10.11 March 14, 2012
10.23† Master Services Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2009, by and between Fifth Third Bancorp and Vantiv, LLC. S-1/A 333-177875 10.12 March 14, 2012
10.23.1† Amendment No. 1 to the Master Services Agreement between Vantiv, LLC and Fifth Third Bancorp. S-1/A 333-177875 10.13 March 14, 2012
10.24† Clearing, Settlement and Sponsorship Services Agreement, dated June 30, 2009, by and between Vantiv, LLC and Fifth Third Bank. S-1/A 333-177875 10.14 March 14, 2012
10.25 Stock Repurchase Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2013 8-K 001-35462 10.1 May 9, 2013
10.26 Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2014, by and among NPC Group, Inc.; Silver Lake Partners III DE, LP; SLP III Quicksilver Feeder I, LP; Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P.; MPS 1, Inc.; Mercury Payment Systems II, LLC; Vantiv, LLC; and certain other parties listed on Schedule B thereto. 8-K 001-35462 10.3 June 19, 2014
10.27+ Mercury Payment Systems, LLC 2010 Unit Incentive Plan, as Restated and Assumed by Vantiv, Inc. S-8 333-196911 4.3 June 19, 2014
11.1 Statement re computation of per share earnings (incorporated by reference to Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report).        
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.        
23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.        
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page).        
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.        
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.        

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32Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101Interactive Data Files.
Confidential treatment granted as to certain portions by the SEC.    
+Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

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