UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the transition period from ______________________ to __________________________

Commission file number 000-20333

Nocopi Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code):(610) 834-9600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, Par Value $0.01

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ¨ Yes þ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes þ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). þ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934) ¨ Yes þ No

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $2,637,000$2,325,000 as of June 30, 2017.2019.

As of March 27, 2018,17, 2020, there were 58,616,71661,044,698 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value.

Documents Incorporated By Reference

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed in conjunction with the registrant’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The proxy statement will be filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Table of Contents

i

Forward-Looking Statements

This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions or future events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “could” and similar expressions denoting uncertainty or an action that may, will or is expected to occur in the future. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

·

Expected operating results, such as revenue growth and earnings

·

Anticipated levels of capital expenditures for fiscal year 20182020 and beyond

·

Current or future volatility in market conditions

·

Our belief that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our business operations during the next twelve months

·

Strategy for customer retention, growth, product development, market position, financial results and reserves

·

Strategy for risk management

Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

·

The extent to which we are successful in gaining new long-term relationships with customers or retaining significant existing customers and the level of service failures that could lead customers to use competitors' services.

·

Our ability to improve our current credit rating with our vendors and the impact on our raw materials and other costs and competitive position of doing so.

·

The impact of losing our intellectual property protections or the loss in value of our intellectual property.

·

Changes in customer demand.

·

The adequacy of our cash flow and earnings and other conditions which may affect our ability to timely service our debt obligations.

·

The occurrence of hostilities, political instability or catastrophic events.

·

Developments and changes in laws and regulations, including increased regulation of our industry through legislative action and revised rules and standardsstandards.

·

Security breaches, cybersecurity attacks and other significant disruptions in our information technology systems; andsystems.

·

The potential impact upon our business of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic that is affecting almost every country, including the United States.

·

Such other factors as discussed throughout Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

ii

PART I

Item 1.

Business

Background

Nocopi Technologies, Inc. develops and markets specialty reactive inks for applications in the large educational and toy products market. We also develop and market technologies for document and product authentication, which we believe can reduce losses caused by fraudulent document reproduction or by product counterfeiting and/or diversion. We derive our revenues primarily from licensing our technologies on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis to licensees who incorporate our technologies into their product offering and from selling products incorporating our technologies to the licensees or to their licensed printers. Our website address iswww.nocopi.com.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” and other similar terms means Nocopi Technologies, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

Entertainment and Toy Technologies and Products

Since 2004, we have marketed our Rub-it & Color technology to the entertainment and toy products market. This technology consists of specialty inks that are produced in a variety of colors and can be revealed by rubbing with a fingernail or other firm object such as a plastic pen cap. Rub-it & Color ink technology can be used for coloring books, activity kits, play sheets, single use place mats, greeting cards, board games, promotional products, or any other paper-based application that’s needs some “fun” factor added. Safe and non-toxic, Rub-it and Color conforms to ASTM D4236 and F-963 and other toxicology tests.

Every child loves to color, and every parent has a horror story about the cleanup. Our patented, revolutionary, and award-winning Rub-it & Color takes out all the messy stuff related to children’s coloring except the fun. No more crayons ground into the carpet and car upholstery. No more spilled paint on the rug. No more messy markers ruining clothes and furniture. Rub-it & Color ink technology can be used for coloring books, activity kits, play sheets, single use place mats, greeting cards, board games, promotional products, or any other paper-based application that’s needs some “fun” factor added. Safe and non-toxic, Rub-it and Color conforms to ASTM D4236 and F-963 and other toxicology tests.

We license our Rub-it & Color technology through various license agreements, including:

A.

License agreement with a licensee who has a significant presence in the entertainment and toy products market. A license agreement, in effect from January 2012 through December 2017, permitted this licensee to exclusively market: (1) a specific line of products incorporating our technologies through a specific distribution channel but permitting us to license the covered technologies to others for applications and sale through channels of distribution not available to this licensee under the terms of the license, and (2) from January 2013 through December 2017, an additional technology on an exclusive basis in certain geographic areas of the world and on a non-exclusive basis in other geographic areas of the world. In early 2018, we entered into a new five-year license agreement with this licensee which permits the licensee to market products incorporating certain of our technologies, including the technologies permitted in the earlier license, on a non-exclusive basis throughout the world.

B.

License agreement containing guaranteed minimum royalties over the initial term of the license, which have been met, with Bendon, Inc. (Bendon)(“Bendon”), an international, well-known children’s coloring and activity book publishing company that permits Bendon to exclusively market products with other characteristics that incorporate our technologies through a distinctly different channel of distribution. This four-year license agreement was completed in June 2015, replacing a previous three-year license agreement. In early 2018, amendments to the license was amended toagreement were negotiated that (1) extend the license for a period of four years beginning in July 2019 containing guaranteed minimum royalty payments payable over the four-year period and (2) allow Bendon to: (1)(a) market specific new technologies not covered in the license agreement, (2)(b) expand certain rights relative to product content and design that were specifically excluded in the license agreement and (3)(c) market merchandise permitted by the license through all channels of distribution, some of which were previously prohibited in the license agreement.  This license expires in 2019.

C.

License agreement with a privately-held designer of creative educational products for children granting the licensee the exclusive right to utilize our Rub-it & Color ink technology in a newly-created vertical market in the United States. In addition to an annual license fee, we receive a royalty based on units of product produced. The license originated in 2011 and was renewed in June 2017 for a period of up to three years.

D.

License agreement with a privately-held children’s meal entertainment program provider that allows the licensee to use our Rub-it & Color ink technology in children’s menus, placemats, butcher paper and certain other products for restaurant use and for sale in certain children’s retail outlets. The license originated in November 2012 and was renewed in December 2014 for a period of six years, expiring in December 2020.

E.

License agreement with a privately-held international publisher of family products and publications based in Australia. The license originated in October 2015 and unless renewed, terminatesterminated in December 2018. The license agreement containscontained guaranteed minimum royaltiesroyalty payments and allowsallowed the licensee to market certain products that incorporate specific technologies of our Company on an exclusive basis in certain countries and on a non-exclusive basis in other countries with the exclusion of the United States, Canada and Mexico. A new license containing guaranteed minimum royalty payments, allowing the licensee to market certain products that incorporate specific technologies of our Company on an exclusive basis in certain countries and on a non-exclusive basis in other countries with the exclusion of the United States, Canada and Mexico, was negotiated in November 2018. The new license, expanding the technologies that the licensee is authorized to incorporate into its products, became effective in January 2019 and terminates in October 2022. The licensee introduced products incorporating our technologies in 2016.

Certain of our license agreements with licensees contain renewal options and/or guaranteed minimum royalties, while otherothers do not. We cannot assure you that any of our existing licenses will be renewed or will generate significant operating revenues for our Company in the future. In each of the years 20172019 and 2016,2018, we derived approximately 86%88% and 92%, respectively, of our total revenues from our licensees and their licensed printers in the entertainment and toy products market. We continue to pursue additional licensing opportunities for our Rub-it & Color ink technology in the large worldwide entertainment and toy products market through direct marketing efforts and attendance at trade shows. We also seek to renew existing license agreements with licensees.

Anti-Counterfeiting and Anti-Diversion Technologies and Products

Continuing developments in copying and printing technologies makes it easier than ever before to counterfeit a wide variety of documents. Product labels and packaging, retail receipts, event and transportation tickets and the like are all susceptible to counterfeiting, and product counterfeiting has long caused losses to manufacturers of brand name products. With improvements in the copying and printing technologies making it easier to counterfeit labeling and packaging, losses to businesses from such counterfeiting appear to have increased substantially.

Our COPIMARK and RUB & REVEAL technologies provide proprietary document authentication systems that are useful to businesses desiring to authenticate a wide variety of printed materials and products. Our COPIMARK system enables businesses to print invisibly on certain areas of a document. When authentication of certain documents is required, the invisible printing can be activated or revealed by use of a special highlighter pen. Other variations of the COPIMARK technology involve multiple color responses from a common pen, visible marks of one color that turn another color with the pen or visible and invisible marks that turn into a multicolored image. Our RUB & REVEAL system permits the invisible printing of an authenticating symbol or code that can be revealed by rubbing a fingernail over the printed area.

Both technologies provide users with the ability to authenticate documents and detect counterfeit documents. Applications include the authentication of documents having intrinsic value, such as merchandise receipts, checks, travelers' checks, gift certificates and event tickets, and the authentication of product labeling and packaging. When applied to product labels and packaging, our systems allow detection of counterfeit products, the labels and packaging of which would not contain the authenticating marks invisibly printed on the packaging or labels of the legitimate product.

Our marketing efforts for these technologies are focused on specific industries we believe may be affected by product counterfeiting. These technologies also combat product diversion (i.e. sale of legitimate products through unauthorized distribution channels or in unauthorized markets). Another of our related technologies, our invisible inkjet technology, permits manufacturers and distributors to track the movement of products from production to ultimate consumption when coupled with proprietary software. We anticipate that the “track and trace” capability provided by this technology will be attractive to brand owners and marketers and we hope that our ongoing marketing initiatives will result in additional revenues in the future; although we cannot assure you that this will occur.

We currently participate in the retail receipt and document fraud market through licensing arrangements with seven printers and distributors in the United States and Canada who provide loss prevention products to retailers and other outlets. We market these technologies through the use of licensed printers and distributors and continue to use our available internal sales and technical resources to expand the number of licensees marketing our technologies in this market.

Contrast Technologies, formerly known as Euro-Nocopi, S.A., is a former affiliate of our Company that, since June 2003, has held a perpetual royalty-free license to exploit certain of our anti-counterfeiting and anti-diversion technologies in Europe.

Product Revenue

The following table illustrates the approximate percentage of our Company’s total revenues accounted for by each type of its products for each of the two last fiscal years:

Marketing

We have identified two major markets for our technologies and products, the entertainment and toy product market and the anti-counterfeiting/anti-diversion market. Our marketing approach focuses on the sufficient flexibility in our products and technologies and our ability to provide innovative, cost effective technologies for the entertainment and toy products market as well as solutions to a wide variety of counterfeiting, diversion and copier fraud problems. As a technology company, we generate revenues primarily by collecting license fees and royalties from market-specific businesses that incorporate our technologies into their products and, in certain cases, sales of our inks to these licensees and their designated manufacturers. We also license our technologies directly to end-users. Our current marketing efforts are focused on our developed technologies that can be utilized in geographic or market areas not contractually committed to an existing licensee on an exclusive basis. We presently market our technologies through our own employees, sales travel and attendance at trade shows.

Major Customers

During 2017,2019, we made sales or obtained revenues equal to 10% or more of our Company’s 20172019 total revenues from two non-affiliated customers who individually accounted for approximately 43%55% and 26%18%, respectively, of 20172019 revenues of our Company. During 2016,2018, we made sales or obtained revenues equal to 10% or more of our Company’s 20162018 total revenues from threetwo non-affiliated customers who individually accounted for approximately 38%, 25%59% and 14%21%, respectively, of 20162018 revenues of our Company.

Additional information concerning our major customers is contained in Note 12 to our Financial Statements, attached asAppendix A to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Manufacturing

Our Company operates a small manufacturing facility for the manufacture of its security inks that is located at our corporate headquarters at 480 Shoemaker Road, Suite 104, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, and we subcontract the manufacture of certain of our applications (mainly certain printing inks and coatings) to third party manufacturers. Our current mix of manufacturing processes are suitable for our Company, for both economic and technical reasons, and we have no plans to alter this mix in the near future. We have established a quality control program that currently entails laboratory analysis of developed technologies; and when warranted, our specially trained technicians travel to third party production facilities to install equipment, train client staff and monitor the manufacturing process.

Patents

Our Company has been granted various patents in the United States, Canada, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein. We currently have patent protection on substantially all of our security inks including the RUB & REVEAL system, and on our Rub-it & Color technology. Our latest patent protects our newly developed technology that may have applications in the entertainment and toy products market.

In the United States and some other countries, patent applications are automatically published at a specified time after filing. Since we are obligated pay annuities from time to time on our patents to keep them in force, we annually evaluate our patent portfolio to determine which patents we will continue to maintain. In Europe, annuities for European patents are paid by Contrast Technologies, formerly known as Euro-Nocopi, S.A., since Europe is where they hold a perpetual royalty-free license to exploit certain of our anti-counterfeiting and anti-diversion technologies.

Research and Development

We have been involved in the research and development of our technologies since our inception. Although several years ago our adverse financial condition forced us to limit funding for research and development, we are presently actively conducting research and development activities in the following three areas, to the extent feasible: (1) refining our present family of products, (2) developing specific customer applications, and (3) expanding our technology into new areas of implementation. During the years ended December 31, 20172019 and December 31, 2016,2018, we expended approximately $146,300$165,600 and $138,800,$153,200, respectively, on research and development. We cannot assure you that we will continue to have funds available to maintain our research and development activities at current or increased levels.

Competition

Our Company has competitors in all segments of our business. The entertainment and toy products markets are highly competitive and includes numerous competitors. The loss prevention market also includes numerous competitors, including large publicly traded and privately-held companies as well as regional paper converters. In the area of document and product authentication and serialization, competitors offer competitive covert and overt surface marking technologies requiring decoding implements or analytical methods to reveal certain information that are marketed for the same anti-counterfeiting and anti-diversion purposes for which our Company markets its covert technologies. These include, among others, biological DNA codes, microtaggants, thermochromic, UV and infrared inks as well as encryption, 2D symbology and laser engraving. Nonetheless, we believe our patented and proprietary technologies provide a unique and cost-effective solution to the problem of counterfeiting and gray marketing in the document and product authentication markets it has traditionally sought to exploit.

We are a small operating company and many of our existing and potential competitors have substantially greater research and product development capabilities and financial, marketing and human resources than we do.

Employees

We currently have threefour full-time and two part-time employees. We believe that we have good relations with our employees.

Financial Information about Foreign and Domestic Operations

We conduct our business operations solely within the United States; however, we have licensees and customers in Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. These licensees and customers accounted for approximately 54%66% of our gross revenues in 20172019 and approximately 56%32% of our gross revenues in 2016.2018. Additional information concerning our foreign and domestic operations is contained in Note 12 to our Financial Statements, attached asAppendix A to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Our Company’s operating results, financial condition and stock price are subject to certain risks, some of which are beyond its control. These risks could cause theour Company’s actual operating and financial results to differ materially from those expressed in its forward-looking statements, including the risks described below and the risks identified in other documents which are filed and furnished with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Spread of the Novel Strain of Coronavirus (“COVID-19”).A novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has surfaced in many countries around the world including the United States. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 to constitute a global pandemic. Certain state and local governments have reacted by placing significant restrictions on businesses including a closure in Pennsylvania of non-essential businesses that was announced on March 20, 2020. A requirement to close our Company for a considerable period of time could result in a negative impact on our Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, as our Company imports certain raw materials from China, if an extended disruption of the supply of these raw materials were to occur, our ability to produce products for sale to our customers could be negatively impacted. Further, restrictions on our customers and licensees in areas affected by the COVID-19 could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.We cannot predict the scope or magnitude of the negative effect that may result from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’sfinancial condition and results of operations.

Access to Capital. Our Company anticipates that it may need to raise additional capital in the future to fund its historical and new business operations. Additional financing may not be available to us, due to, among other things, our Company not having a sufficient income stream, profit level, asset base eligible to be collateralized, or market for its securities. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our existing shareholders may be reduced, and these securities may have rights superior to those of our common stock. If adequate funds are not available to satisfy our long-term capital requirements, or if planned revenues are not generated, we may be required to substantially limit our operations or cease operations altogether. We cannot assure you that, if required, we will be successful in obtaining additional financing in sufficient amounts to fund our ongoing business operations.

Dependence on Major Customers. We are dependent on our licensees to develop new products and markets that will generate increases in its licensing and product revenues. The inability of our licensees to maintain at least current levels of sales of products utilizing our technologies could adversely affect our operating results and cash flow. To the extent that our licensees are adversely affected by negative economic conditions such as those that may result from the present COVID-19 pandemic, our revenues may also be negatively impacted. We derive a significant percentage of our revenues through licensing relationships with two major customers. Revenues obtained directly from these customers and indirectly, through the customers’ third party licensed printers, equaled approximately 81%84% of theour Company’s revenues in 2017.2019. Receivables from these two licensees and their third party authorized printers were approximately 82%96% of theour Company’s net accounts receivable at December 31, 2017.2019. One of the license agreements expires in 20192023 and the other expires in 2022. Both license agreements containcontains guaranteed minimum royalties, which historically are met. The other license agreement expires in 2022. Both license agreements contain renewal options; but there can be no assurances that one or both of the licenses will continue in force at the same or more favorable terms beyond their current termination dates, nor can there be any assurances that the relationships with these two licensees will generate increased revenues for theour Company in the future.

Possible Inability to Develop New Business. Our management believes that any significant improvement in theour Company’s cash flow must result from increases in revenues from traditional sources and from new revenue sources. TheOur Company’s ability to develop new revenues may depend on the extent of both its marketing activities and its research and development activities, both of which are limited. We cannot assure you that the resources that theour Company can devote to marketing and to research and development will be sufficient to increase its revenues to levels that will enable it to maintain positive operating cash flow in the future.

Inability to Obtain Raw Materials and Products for Resale. TheOur Company’s adverse financial condition in years prior to 2016 has required it from time to time to significantly defer payments due to (i) vendors who supply raw materials and other components of its security inks, (ii) providers of professional and other services and (iii) certain employees to whom salary and sales commissions are owed. As a result, the Company is required to pay cash in advance of shipment to certain of its suppliers. The inability to obtain materials on a timely basis and the possibility that certain vendors may permanently discontinue supplying theour Company with needed products and services may result in delayed shipments to customers and further impact theour Company’s ability to service its customers, thereby adversely affecting theour Company’s relationships with its customers and licensees. We cannot assure you that our Company will be able to maintain its vendor relationships in an acceptable manner.

Uneven Pattern of Quarterly and Annual Operating Results. Our Company’s revenues, which are derived primarily from licensing and sales of products incorporating its technologies as well as royalties from these products, are difficult to forecast; such forecasting difficulty is due to, among other reasons, the long sales cycle of our Company’s technologies, the potential for customer delay or deferral of implementation of our Company’s technologies, the size and timing of inception of individual license agreements, the success of our Company’s licensees and strategic partners in exploiting the market for the licensed products, modifications of customer budgets, and uneven patterns of royalty revenue and product orders. As our revenue base is not substantial, delays in the finalization of license contracts, the implementation of the technology to initiate the revenue stream and the ordering decisions of customers can have a material adverse effect on our Company’s quarterly and annual revenue expectations. As our operating expenses are substantially fixed, income expectations will be subject to a similar adverse outcome. As licensees for the entertainment and toy products markets are added, the predictability of our Company’s revenue stream may be further impacted.

Volatility of Stock Price. The market price for our common stock has historically experienced significant fluctuations and may continue to do so. With the exception of 2007, 2013, 2014 and 2016 and 2017through 2019 from its inception, our Company has operated at a loss and it has not produced revenue levels traditionally associated with publicly-traded companies. Our common stock is not listed on a national or regional securities exchange and, consequently, our Company receives limited publicity regarding its business achievements and prospects. Additionally, securities analysts and traders do not extensively follow our stock and it is thinly traded. The market price for our common stock may be affected by announcements of new relationships or modifications to existing relationships. The stock prices of many developing public companies, particularly those with small capitalizations, have experienced wide fluctuations not necessarily related to operating performance. Such fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of theour Company’s common stock.

Intellectual Property. Our Company relies on a combination of protections as may be available under applicable domestic, foreign or international patent, trademark and trade secret laws. We also rely on confidentiality, non-analysis and licensing agreements to establish and protect our rights in its proprietary technologies. While we attempt to protect these rights, our technologies may be compromised through reverse engineering, independent invention or other means. In addition, our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights through appropriate legal action has been and will continue to be limited by its tight liquidity. We cannot assure you that our Company will be able to protect the basis of its technologies from discovery by third parties or to preclude third parties from conducting activities that infringe on our Company’s rights. Our Company’s tight liquidity adversely impacts our ability to obtain patent protection on our intellectual property and to maintain protection on previously issued patents. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to prosecute new patents and maintain issued patents. As a result, our customer and licensee relationships could be adversely affected, and the value of our technologies and intellectual property (including their value upon liquidation) could be substantially diminished.

Economic Conditions. Our Company’s revenue is susceptible to changes in general economic conditions. Our sales, liquidity and overall results of operations may be negatively affected by decreasing consumer confidence, slowdowns in consumer spending or other downturns in the U.S. economy as a whole or in any geographic markets from which we derive revenue. In addition, these factors may result in decreased customer and licensee demand for our products and may negatively impact our ability to develop new customers and licensees. Due to uncertainties surrounding the worldwide economy, thatparticularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to predict the effect of such conditions on our customers and licensees. Consequently, we cannot predict the scope or magnitude of the negative effect resulting from ongoing global financial uncertainties or economic slowdowns.

Potential undetected material weakness in internal controls.Ourannual report does not include an attestation report of theour Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by theour Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit theour Company to provide only management’s attestation in this annual report. As a result,a material weakness in our internal controls may remain undetected for a longer period.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.

Properties

Our corporate headquarters, research and ink production facilities are located at 480 Shoemaker Road, Suite 104, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406. These premises consist of approximately 6,100 square feet of leased space. Our lease commenced in January 2014 and expires in April 2019.2024. Current monthly rent under this lease is $3,982;$4,212; this amount escalates an amount of approximately three percent each year. In addition to rent, we are also responsible for our pro-rata share of the operating costs of the building.

We incurred leasehold improvement expenditures of approximately $19,700$27,800 through March 27, 2018,17, 2020, and we believe that additional leasehold improvement expenditures will not be significant. We consider this space adequate for our current needs and additional space is available as needed.

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.

Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the OTC Pink tier of the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market under the symbol "NNUP". Investors can find Real-Time quotes and market information on theour Company on www.otcmarkets.com. The following table set forth below lists the range of high and low bids for our common stock for our two most recent fiscal years. The prices in the tableAny over-the-counter market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdownmark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

Shareholders

As of March 27, 2018, we had17, 2020, there were approximately 58,616,716 shares of common stock outstanding, held by approximately 600530 holders of record of our common stock. This shareholder figure does not include a substantially greaterstock, including The Depository Trust Company, which holds shares of our common stock on behalf of an indeterminate number of holders whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions. We do not have any shares of preferred stock outstanding.beneficial owners.

Dividends

NoOur Company does not pay any cash dividends have been declared or paidon its common stock. Our Business Loan Agreement with Santander Bank, N.A. restricts our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock during our two most recent fiscal years. No restrictions limit our abilityand it will continue to pay dividends on our common stock. The payment of cash dividends in the future, if any, will be contingent upon our Company's revenues and earnings, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any dividends is within the discretion of our board of directors. Our board of director's present intention is to retain all earnings, if any,do so for use in our business operations and, accordingly, the board of directors does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

None.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the period covered by this report, our Company sold the following securities without registering the securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”):

No underwriters were utilized, and no commissions or fees were paid with respect to any of the above transactions. These persons were the only offerees in connection with these transactions. transaction. We relied on Section 4(a)(2), 4(a)(5) and Rule 506 of and/or Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, since the transaction doestransactions did not involve any public offering.

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

Not Applicable.

Item 7.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information in this report contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact made in this report are forward looking. In particular, the statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should” or other variations or similar words. No assurances can be given that the future results anticipated by the forward-looking statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements reflect management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management’s expectations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, included herewith. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

Background Overview

Nocopi Technologies, Inc. develops and markets specialty reactive inks for applications in the large educational and toy products market. We also develop and market technologies for document and product authentication, which we believe can reduce losses caused by fraudulent document reproduction or by product counterfeiting and/or diversion. We derive our revenues primarily from licensing our technologies on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis to licensees who incorporate our technologies into their product offering and from selling products incorporating our technologies to the licensees or to their licensed printers.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” and other similar terms means Nocopi Technologies, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

Results of Operations

Our Company’s revenues are derived from (a) royalties paid by licensees of our technologies, (b) fees for the provision of technical services to licensees and (c) from the direct sale of (i) products incorporating our technologies, such as inks, security paper and pressure sensitive labels, and (ii) equipment used to support the application of our technologies, such as ink-jet printing systems. Royalties consist of guaranteed minimum royalties payable by our licensees in certain cases and additional royalties which typically vary with the licensee’s sales or production of products incorporating the licensed technology. Service fees and sales revenues vary directly with the number of units of service or product provided.

Our Company recognizes revenue on its lines of business as follows:

a.

License fees for the use of our technology and royalties with guaranteed minimum amounts are recognized at a point in time when the license term begins. Upon inception of the license term, revenue is recognized in a manner consistent with the nature of the transaction and the earnings process, which generally is ratably over the license term;begins;

b.

Product sales are recognized upon shipmentat the time of products, when the pricetransfer of goods to customers at an amount that our Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for these goods, which is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured;at the time of shipment; and

c.

Fees for technical services are recognized at the time of the transfer of services to customers at an amount that our Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the services, which is when (i) the service has been rendered; (ii) an arrangement exists; (iii) the price is fixed or determinable based upon a per diem or hourly rate; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.rendered.

We believe that, as fixed cost reductions beyond those we have achieved in recent years may not be achievable, our operating results are substantially dependent on revenue levels. Because revenues derived from licenses and royalties carry a much higher gross profit margin than other revenues, operating results are also substantially affected by changes in revenue mix.

Both the absolute amount of our Company’s revenues and the mix among the various sources of revenue are subject to substantial fluctuation. We have a relatively small number of substantial customers rather than a large number of small customers. Accordingly, changes in the revenue received from a significant customer can have a substantial effect on our Company’s total revenue, revenue mix and overall financial performance. Such changes may result from a substantial customer’s product development delays, engineering changes, changes in product marketing strategies, production requirements and the like. We cannot predict whetherCOVID-19 will materially affect our licensing fees or the demand for our products.In addition, certain customers have, from time to time, sought to renegotiate certain provisions of their license agreements and, when our Company agrees to revise such terms, revenues from the customer may be affected.

Comparison of the Years ended December 31, 20172019 and 20162018

Revenues for 20172019 were $1,566,900, an increase$2,537,400, a decrease of approximately 13%24%, or $183,400,$804,300, from $1,383,500$3,341,700 in 2016.2018. Revenues in 2018 included, in accordance with ASU 214-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), revenue of $1,521,700 representing the present value of guaranteed royalty payments that are payable over a four-year period beginning in the third quarter of 2019 as a result of an amendment to a license agreement with a licensee that, in addition to expanding the technologies that our licensee is permitted to market, provides for a four year extension to the license agreement beginning in July 2019.Since the performance obligation is to grant the license for the use of certain patented ink technology as it exists at the time that it is granted, the promise to grant the license is a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time in accordance with Topic 606.Previously, we recognized revenue from licenses and royalties on a straight-line basis over the term of the related license agreement.

Licenses, royalties and fees increaseddecreased in 20172019 by approximately 19%65%, or $105,600,$1,448,700, to $670,600$793,800 from $565,000$2,242,500 in 2016.2018. The increasedecrease in licenses, royalties and fees in 2019 compared to 2018 is due primarily to higher licensing revenues from an existing licensee in the entertainmentadoption of Topic 606 described above. See “Plan of Operation, Liquidity and toy products market who signed a new four-year license in 2015 along with higher license feesCapital Resources” and royalties from certain licensees, including a new licensee in“Note 2 to our Financial Statements” for comparative information on the anti-counterfeiting market.impact of the adoption of Topic 606 to our Company’s financial statements.

Product and other sales increased by $77,800,$644,400, or approximately 10%59%, to $896,300$1,743,600 in 20172019 from $818,500$1,099,200 in 2016.2018. The higher level of ink sales in 20172019 compared to 20162018 is due primarily to higher ink requirements of the licensed third-party printers used by the Company’s licensees in the entertainment and toy products market. Sales of ink to the licensed printers of its licensees in the entertainment and toy products market were approximately $77,600$620,300 higher in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018. Sales of security ink to the Company’s licensees in the retail receipt and document fraud market decreasedincreased by approximately $22,700$14,800 in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018.

Our Company derived $1,340,500,$2,223,900, or approximately 86%88% of total revenues, from licensees and their licensed printers in the entertainment and toy products market in 20162019 compared to $1,193,000,$3,076,900, or approximately 86%92% of total revenues, in 2016.2018. The decrease in revenues from our licensees and their authorized printers in the entertainment and toy products market in 2019 compared to 2018 is due primarily to the adoption of Topic 606. Our Company’s licensees in the entertainment and toy products market continue to develop new products for this market and improve their current offerings; however, their sales will be affected by marketplace reaction to the new and improved products, economic conditions that influence this market segment and the economy as a whole. Revenues that the Company derives from these licensees will be similarly affected. We cannot assure you that the marketing and product development activities of licensees in the entertainment and toy products market will produce increased revenues for the Company in future periods, nor can the timing of any potential revenue increases be predicted, particularly given the uncertain economic conditions currently being experienced worldwide.worldwide as a result of Covid-19.

Gross profit increaseddecreased to $1,123,800,$1,695,700, or approximately 72%67% of revenues, in 20172019 from $941,400,$2,780,500, or approximately 68%83% of revenues, in 2016. 2018. The lower gross profit in 2019 compared to 2018 results primarily from both lower licenses, royalties and fees due to the adoption of Topic 606 and higher gross revenues from product and other sales 2019 compared to 2018.

Licenses, royalties and fees have historically carried a higher gross profit than product sales, which generally consist of supplies or other manufactured products that incorporate the Company’s technologies or equipment used to support the application of its technologies. These items (except for inks which are manufactured by theour Company) are generally purchased from third-party vendors and resold to the end-user or licensee and carry a lower gross profit than licenses, royalties and fees. The higherlower gross profit in 20172019 compared to 20162018 reflects higherlower gross revenues from licenses, royalties and fees and from product and other sales in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018.

As the variable component of cost of revenues related to licenses, royalties and fees is a low percentage of these revenues and the fixed component is not substantial, period to period changes in revenues from licenses, royalties and fees can significantly affect both gross profit from licenses, royalties and fees as well as overall gross profit. Due primarily to the higherlower revenues in 20172019 compared to 2016,2018, the gross profit from licenses, royalties and fees increaseddecreased to approximately 86%79% of revenues from licenses, royalties and fees in 20172019 from approximately 83%95% in 2016.2018.

Gross profit, expressed as a percentage of revenues, of product and other sales is dependent on both the overall sales volumes of product and other sales and on the mix of the specific goods produced and/or sold. Due to a favorablechanges in mix of products sold and increases in the prices of certain raw materials, the gross profit from product and other sales increased to approximately 61% of revenues in 20172019 from approximately 58%59% of revenues in 2016.2018.

Research and development expenses were $146,300$165,600 in 20172019 compared to $138,800$153,200 in 2016.2018. The increase in 20172019 compared to 20162018 resulted primarily from higher employee salaryrelated and benefitproduct development expenses in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018.

Sales and marketing expenses were $253,600$329,900 in 20172019 compared to $236,000$387,300 in 2016.2018. The increase in 2017decrease 2019 compared to 2016 resulted2018 is due primarily from higherto lower commission expense in 2017 comparedrelated to 2016 resulting from a higherlower level of revenues in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018 as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 in 2018.

General and administrative expenses increased to $317,600$393,900 in 20172019 from $294,800$369,400 in 2016.2018. The increase in 20172019 compared to 2016 resulted2018 is due primarily fromto higher employment costs, insurance expense and feescorporate relations expenses offset in part by lower patent related and legal expenses in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018.

Other income (expenses) in 20172019 and 20162018 included interest on unsecured loans from two individuals and on convertible debentures held by nine investors. Also included in otherseven investors and interest income (expenses) is accretion of debt discounts in 2017 related to the extension of the maturity dates of $33,300 of convertible debentures. Other income (expenses) increased to $25,100 in 2017 from $13,300 in 2016. This increase is due primarily to accretion of debt discounts in 2017 related to the extension of the maturity dates of $33,300 of convertible debentures in the first quarter of 2017.on invested funds.

The higherIncome taxes in 2019 and 2018 resulted from limitations placed on income tax net operating loss deductions by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Our net income of $381,200$754,900 in 20172019 compared to $258,500net income of $1,655,400 in 20162018 resulted primarily from a higherlower gross profit on a higherlower level of revenues in 20172019 compared to 20162018 related to the adoption of Topic 606 offset in part by higherlower overhead expenses and higher accretion of debt discountsincome taxes along with positive interest in 20172019 compared to 2016.2018.

Our management does not believe that inflation and changing prices have had a significant effect on our revenues and results of operations during the years ended December 31, 20172019 and December 31, 2016.2018.

Plan of Operation, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash increased to $360,400$688,000 at December 31, 20172019 from $199,100$400,800 at December 31, 2016.2018. During 2017, the2019, our Company generated $177,500$360,600 from its operating activitiesreceived $400 upon the exercise of warrants, and used $6,600$73,400 for capital equipment and repaid $10,000 to an individual lender.expenditures.

During 2017,Our Company’s revenues decreased approximately 24% to $2,537,400 in 2019 from $3,341,700 in 2018 of which an increase of 39%, or $717,400 is attributable to historical operations offset by a decrease of 63%, or $1,521,700, that is attributable the reduction of our Company’s revenues increased primarilyin 2019 compared 2018 as a result of higher salesthe adoption of ink to an authorized printer of one of the Company’s licenseesTopic 606 in the entertainment and toy products market and higher license fees from a licensee in the entertainment and toy products market offset in part by lower salessecond quarter of ink to an existing authorized printer of certain licensees in the entertainment and toy products market.2018.

Our Company’s total overhead expenses increased in 20172019 compared 2016.to 2018, our Company’s net interest income increased in 2019 compared to 2018 and our Company’s income tax expense decreased in 2019 compared to 2018. As a result of these factors, theour Company generated net income of $381,200$754,900 in 20172019 compared to $258,500$1,655,400 in 2016. The2018. Our Company had positive operating cash flow of $177,500$360,600 in 2017.2019. At December 31, 2017, the2019, our Company had positive working capital of $201,100$1,835,300 and stockholders’ equity of $215,200.$2,789,700. For the full year of 2016, the2018, our Company had net income of $258,500$1,655,400 and had positive operating cash flow of $202,600.$40,900. At December 31, 2016, the2018, our Company had negative working capital of $194,600$810,500 and a $179,600 stockholders’ deficiency.equity of $1,966,700.

In 2017 and 2016, the Company repaid the entire $23,500 of short-term loans that had been outstanding at January 1, 2016 and presently has no short-term loans outstanding. TheOur Company has $128,300$97,900 of convertible debentures outstanding that are due during the third quarter of 2018. These borrowings allowed the Company to remain in operation through late 2016 when the Company’s cash flow increased significantly.2020.

In September 2017,November 2018, our common stock private placement was extendedCompany obtained a $150,000 revolving line of credit with a bank to December 31, 2018 by the Company’s Boardprovide a source of Directors.working capital, if required.

We may need to obtain additional capital in the future to support the working capital requirements associated with our existing revenue base and to fund potential operating losses that could occur if our licensees are unable to at least maintain current levels of sales of products utilizing the Company’s technologies. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining sufficient additional capital, or if we do so, that the additional capital will enable our Company to continue to operate profitably in the future and develop new revenue sources to have a material positive effect on theour Company’s operations and cash flow. Without additional investment, we may be forced to cease operations at an undetermined time in the future if we are unable to sustain revenues at levels approximating revenues achieved in recent years.

We continue to maintain a cost containment program including curtailment, where possible, of discretionary research and development and sales and marketing expenses.

Our plan of operation for the twelve months beginning with the date of this annual report consists of concentrating available human and financial resources to continue to capitalize on the specific business relationships our Company has developed in the entertainment and toy products market. This includes two licensees that have been marketing products incorporating the Company’s technologies since 2012. These two licensees maintain a significant presence in the entertainment and toy products market and are well known and highly regarded participants in this market. We anticipate that these two licensees will expand their current offerings that incorporate our technologies and will introduce and market new products that will incorporate our technologies available to them under their license agreements with our Company. We will continue to develop various applications for these licensees. We also plan to expand our licensee base in the entertainment and toy market. We currently have additional licensees marketing or developing products incorporating our technologies in certain geographic and niche markets of the overall entertainment and toy products market.

In late 2015, the Company added a licensee who began marketing products incorporating our available technologies in certain international markets in 2016. Our Company maintains its presence in the retail loss prevention market and expects that revenue growth in this market can be achieved through increased security ink sales to its licensees in this market. We will continue to adjust our production and technical staff as necessary and, subject to available financial resources, invest in capital equipment needed to support potential growth in ink production requirements beyond our current capacity. Additionally, we will pursue opportunities to market our current technologies in specific security and non-security markets. There can be no assurancesWe cannot assure you that these efforts will enable theour Company to generate additional revenues and positive cash flow.

Our Company has received and continues to seek additional capital, in the form of debt, equity or both, to support our working capital requirementsand to provide funding for other business opportunities. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in raising additional capital, or that such additional capital, if obtained, will enable our Company to generate additional revenues and positive cash flow.

As previously stated, we generate a significant portion of our total revenues from licensees in the entertainment and toy products market. These licensees generally sell their products through retail outlets. In the future, such sales may be adversely affected by changes in consumer spending that may occur as a result of an uncertain economic environment.environment due to Covid-19. As a result, our revenues, results of operations and liquidity may be negatively impacted as they were in previous years.

Contractual Obligations

We conduct our operations in leased facilities under a non-cancelable operating lease expiring in 2019.2024. Future minimum lease payments under this operating lease at December 31, 20172019 are: $48,600$51,600 – 20182020; $53,100 – 2021; $54,600 – 2022; $56,200 – 2023 and $16,300$18,900 – 2019.2024. Total rental expense under operating leases was $53,300 and $45,100 in each of the years ended December 31, 20172019 and December 31, 2016.2018, respectively.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2015,February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11,Inventory2016-02, Leases (Topic 330),Simplifying842) and subsequent related updates. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the Measurementassets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 under the optional transition method which allows the entity to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, to the opening balance of Inventoryretained earnings in the period of adoption. The standard had a material impact on the balance sheet. As of January 1, 2019, the operating lease right of use asset and operating lease liability amounted to $241,000 with no cumulative-effect adjustment.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11,Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements. The amendments in this Update require an entityrelieve businesses and organizations from having to measure inventory atpresent prior comparative years’ results when they adopt the lowernew standard. It also lets landlords and other lessors avoid breaking out the parts of a rental contract that are not specifically being leased, such as the cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value isof snow removal services, and account for them separately from the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method.base rent. The amendments in this Update are the same as the effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted the amendmentsdates and transition requirements in this Update on January 1, 2017 and there is no material impact of this guidance on the financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09,2016-02,Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment AccountingLeases, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including: (1) income tax consequences; (2) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and (3) classification on the statement of cash flows. For public companies, the amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted the amendments on January 1, 2017 and they had no impact on the financial statements since any excess tax benefits were fully offset by a valuation allowance and not recognized for financial statement purposes..

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014 and April 2016, the FASBAs of December 31, 2019, there are no recently issued ASU No. 2014-09 and ASU No. 2016-10,Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration toaccounting standards not yet adopted which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance will supersede current revenue recognition guidance which is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Under the new standard, the Company may be required to recognize revenue from license fees at the point in time when the license is granted as opposed to the recognition as earned over the license term which has been our historical practice. The Company has not determined the method to be used in applying the amendments in this standard. The Company, which presently has no significant new licenses or license renewals pending, has not determined the method to be used in applying the amendments in this standard.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09,Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendments in this Update provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company does not expect the adoption on January 1, 2018 of the amendments in this Update towould have a material impacteffect on itsthe Company’s financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Item 7a.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not Applicable.

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Our Financial Statements are attached asAppendix A (following Exhibits) and included as part of this Form 10-K Report. A list of our Financial Statements is provided in response to Item 15 of this Form 10-K Report.

Item 9.

Changes In And Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9a.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our Company evaluated the effectiveness and design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Our Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that we designed to ensure that our Company records, processes, summarizes, and reports in a timely manner the information that it must disclose in reports that our Company files with or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer reviewed and participated in this evaluation. Based on this evaluation, our Company made the determination that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management'sManagement’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control -Integrated– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"(“COSO”). Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

2019.

The Company'sOur Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of the assets of theour Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of theour Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of theour Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company'sCompany’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system'ssystem’s objectives will be met. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. In addition, the design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and controls may become inadequate if conditions change. There can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of theour Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by theour Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit theour Company to provide only management’s attestation in this annual report.

Changes in Company Internal Controls

No change in our Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9b.

Other Information

None.Not Applicable.

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Identity of directors, executive officers and significant employees

———————

*

The term of office of each of the Directors is one (1) year, which continues until his successor has been elected and qualified.

Business experience of directors, executive officers, and significant employees

Michael A. Feinstein, M.D., 71, has served as our Chairman of the Board of Directors since December 1999 and our Chief Executive Officer since February 2000, has been a practicing physician in Philadelphia for more than thirty years, serving for more than twenty-five years as the President of a group medical practice which includes two physicians. He is a Fellow of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology. He received his B.A. from LaSalle University and his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College. He has represented our Company in numerous licensing negotiations, governmental meetings and capital raises. The Board of Directors believes that Dr. Feinstein’s considerable personal experience as a business owner and investor in publicly traded businesses makes him well suited to serve as a member of our Board of Directors.

Terry W. Stovold, 55, has served as our Chief Operating Officer since July 2014, and has been employedinformation required by our Company for more than thirty years. Mr. Stovold previously served as our Company’s Director of Operations and Sales. Mr. Stovold received a Forestry Technician College degree from Algonquin College in Pembroke, Ontario, Canada and studied business at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He holds numerous U.S. and foreign patents in the fields of printing technology and printing inks.

Rudolph A. Lutterschmidt, 71, has served as our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 1992, serving in this capacity on a part-time basis since January 2000. Mr. Lutterschmidt has been a consultant to several southeast Pennsylvania businesses. He is a graduate of Syracuse University.

Herman M. Gerwitz, CPA, 64, has served as our director since May 2005. He is presently the Treasurer of Keystone Property Group. Mr. Gerwitz has been with Keystone full time since 1998 and has been responsible for all the financial matters of a Real Estate Development Company that has grown to over 10 million square feet of commercial real estate and a $2 billion Real Estate Fund. Prior to joining Keystone, Mr. Gerwitz spent 20 years as a partner in a public accounting firm. He received a BBA from Temple University with master’s coursework at Widener University. He has been a member of both the Pennsylvania and American Institutes of Certified Public Accountants since 1983. The Board of Directors believes that Mr. Gerwitz’ many years as a Certified Public Accountant and his subsequent business management experience make him well suited to serve as a member of our Board of Directors and to serve on the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Richard Levitt, 61, has served as our director since December 1999, and has been engaged in the computer and services segment of the computer industry since 1981. Mr. Levitt is currently a Senior Account Executive for Dell Computer in Pittsburgh, PA. He is in the Large Enterprise Group and is responsible for developing major accounts in Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Levitt has been with Dell since November 2005. In 2009, Mr. Levitt was awarded the “Circle of Excellence” award by Dell which is Dell’s highest corporate award given to less than 1% of its sales and support employees. In addition, he was awarded over the past three years the “Top Team Performer” and “Regional Top Performer” awards. In 1995, he participated in the founding of XiTech Corporation, a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based provider of computing and computer networking hardware and network design and implementation services which in five years grew to over 100 employees and $50 million in annual sales. Since founding XiTech, Mr. Levitt served as one of its corporate principals, as a Network Consultant and as the Manager of its Network Sales Force. Mr. Levitt left XiTech in 2004. Before joining XiTech, Mr. Levitt served as a network sales executive for Digital Equipment Corporation from 1988 to 1994 and as a network consultant for TriLogic Corporation during 1994 and 1995. Mr. Levitt holds a B.S. in Marketing from Kent State University. The Board of Directors believes that Mr. Levitt’s sales and marketing experience in technology-based businesses, including start-ups and smaller businesses, makes him well suited to serve as a member of our Board of Directors.

Marc Rash, 69, has served as our director since September 2017, and is the Executive Vice President of Keystone Property Group, a Real Estate Development Company with over 10 million square feet of commercial real estate and a $2 billion Real Estate Fund. Mr. Rash, who joined Keystone in 1994, has extensive dealings with numerous lenders and investors as well as significant real estate experience, including the redevelopment of apartments, shopping centers and industrial/office space. Previously, Mr. Rash was an agent with the IRS specializing in auditing large corporations and high-net-worth individuals. Mr. Rash graduated from the University of North Carolina with a Bachelor of Science in Accounting and received his Juris Doctor degree from Delaware Law School. He is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The Board of Directors believes that Mr. Rash’s financial and legal background along with his banking and investor experience make him well suited to serve as a member of our Board of Directors.

Philip B. White, 79, has served as our director since August 2006. Mr. White is currently an international consultant in the private sector providing regulatory and industry standards advice to international companies regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the Environmental Protection Agency. He also served as a Technical Advisor and Regulatory Liaison to Nocopi from 2002 to 2005. Before establishing his own global consulting practice in 2000, Mr. White was, from 1994 to 2000, Director of Medical Device Consulting at the international firm of AAC Consulting Group (now Kendle), Rockville, MD. In 1994, Mr. White retired from a 33-year career with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. His last FDA position was Director of the Office of Standards and Regulations in the Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Previous FDA positions included Regional Director of FDA’s enforcement activities in the Southwestern Region, Deputy FDA Assistant Commissioner for Program Coordination, and Supervisory Food and Drug Inspector. He has served on the Board of Directors of the American National Standards Institute, the Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society. He is a 1961 graduate of Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA with a B.A. Degree in Biology. He also did graduate studies in 1967 and 1968 specializing in the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act at the New York University Graduate Law School in New York City. The Board of Directors believes that Mr. White’s considerable experience with consumer product safety and regulatory matters gained from his many years at the Food and Drug Administration makes him well suited to serve as a member of our Board of Directors.

The terms of all current directors expire at the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders of the Company.

Audit Committee Financial Expert

Our Company has established a standing audit committee in accordance with Section 3(a) (58) (A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that makes recommendations to the Company’s Board of Directors regarding the selection of an independent registered public accounting firm, reviews the results and scope of the Company’s audits and other accounting-related services and reviews and evaluates the Company’s internal control functions. The audit committee does not presently have a written charter. The audit committee is comprised of Michael A. Feinstein, M.D., its Chairman of the Board, and Herman M. Gerwitz, CPA. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Gerwitz is an “audit committee financial expert” as currently defined under the SEC rules implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and that Mr. Gerwitz meets the criteria for independence as defined by the SEC.

Code of Ethics

Our Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to its Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Company’s Code of EthicsItem is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1from the information contained within our Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of this report on Form 10-K.Stockholders.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires that our executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities, file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Executive officers, directors and greater-than-ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with all Section 16(a) forms they file.To the best of our knowledge, based solely upon a review of Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to our Company during its most recent fiscal year and Forms 5 and amendments thereto furnished to our Company with respect to its most recent fiscal year, and any written representation referred to in paragraph (b)(1) of Item 405 of Regulation S-K,all of our executive officers, directors and greater-than-ten percent stockholders complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements with the following exceptions:Mr. Marc Rash failed to timely file an Initial Form 3; Mr. Michael A. Feinstein failed to timely file a Form 4 nineteen times with respect to forty four transactions, and Mr. Herman M. Gerwitz failed to timely file one Form 4 with respect to two transactions.