UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 20182020

OR

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 000-14942

PRO-DEX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(949) 769-3200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ¨  No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes ¨  No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes þ  No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes ¨  No þ

As of December 31, 2017,2019, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the closing sales price on the Nasdaq Capital Market was approximately $17.8$41.5 million. For the purpose of this calculation shares owned by officers, directors, and 10% stockholders known to the registrant have been deemed to be owned by affiliates. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons are affiliates for any other purposes.

As of September 6, 2018, 4,341,2024, 2020, 3,838,251 shares of the registrant’s no par value common stock were outstanding.

Documents incorporated by reference:

Part III of this report incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) for its 20182020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

PRO-DEX, INC.

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 20182020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead reflect the Company’s expectations, estimates or projections concerning future results or events. These statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “may,” “could,” “intend,” “intent,” “belief,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “plan,” “likely,” “will,” “should” or similar words or phrases. These statements are not guarantees of performance and are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict and could cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or indicated by those statements. The Company cannot assure you that any of its expectations, estimates or projections will be achieved.

Forward-looking statements included in this report are only made as of the date of this report and the Company disclaims any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Numerous factors could cause the Company’s actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: loss of a significant customer, entry of new and stronger competitors, capital availability, unexpected costs, compliance with contractual obligations, failure to capitalize upon access to new customers, marketplace delisting, the ramifications of industry consolidation of medical products manufacturers, dealers and distributors, managed health care, market acceptance and support of new products, cancellation of existing contracts, customer “in house” production of products previously designed by and/or acquired from the Company, maintaining favorable supplier relationships, the Company’s ability to engage qualified human resources as needed, regulatory compliance, general economic conditions, and other factors described under Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this report. This list of factors is illustrative, but by no means exhaustive. All forward-looking statements should be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty.

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

Company Overview

Pro-Dex, Inc. (“Company”, “Pro-Dex”, “we”, “our”,Company,” “Pro-Dex,” “we,” “our,” “us”) specializes in the design, development, and manufacture of autoclavable, battery-powered and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers used primarily in the orthopedic, thoracic, and maxocranial facial markets. We have patented adaptive torque-limiting software and proprietary sealing solutions which appeal to our customers, primarily medical device distributors. We also manufacture and sell rotary air motors to a wide range of industries.

Through May 2018, our Fineline MoldsOur patented adaptive torque-limiting software has been very well received in the craniomaxillofacial (“Fineline”CMF”) division, acquired in fiscal 2015, manufactured plastic injection molding for a variety of industries. We sold the assetsmarket and business operations of our Fineline division and the assets related to that division have been reclassified as assets held for sale on our consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017.

Through April 2017, we provided engineering consulting and placement services, as well as quality and regulatory consulting services through our Engineering Services Division (“ESD”). Although we continue to provide engineering, quality and regulatory consulting services to our customers, we have ceased placement services and accordingly have disbanded our ESD Division. The cessation of placement services did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Through January 2017, our OMS Division designed and manufactured multi-axis motion control systems used in factory automation and scientific research markets. We sold substantially all of the assets and the business operations of our OMS division located in Beaverton, Oregon to our long time general manager of the division. This division has been classified as a discontinued operation in conformity with applicable accounting guidance. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, OMS’s results have been reported as discontinued operations and removed from all financial discussions of continuing operations. (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewherecontinued investment in this report).

Inarea with research and development focused on applying this technology to thoracic surgical applications. We have invested significantly since fiscal 2015, we acquired Huber Precision (“Huber”),2018 on a business that made custom machined parts.thoracic driver utilizing adaptive torque-limiting software, and in early fiscal 2019 entered a development contract with an existing significant customer to private-label this driver for their unique specifications. We made the investment to garner a wider customer base, but the sales to the customers that were serviced by Huber dwindled over time, such that activities have become immaterial. As a result, the intangible assets relating to Huber were impairedour first shipment of this new driver, batteries and accessories during the firstthird quarter of fiscal 2017.ended March 31, 2020.

Our principal headquarters are located at 2361 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, California 92614 and our phone number is 949-769-3200. Our Internet address iswww.pro-dex.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports, and certain other Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings, are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. In addition, our Code of Ethics and other corporate governance documents may be found on our website at the Internet address set forth above. Our filings with the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC atwww.sec.gov and company specific information atwww.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html.

All years relating to financial data herein shall refer to fiscal years ended June 30, unless indicated otherwise.

Description of Business

The majority of our revenue is derived from designing, developing and manufacturing surgical devices for the medical device industry. The proportion of total sales by type is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Our medical device products utilize proprietary designs developed by us primarily under exclusive development and supply agreements and are manufactured in our Irvine, California facility, as are our dental products.rotary air motors. Our medical device products are sold primarily to original equipment manufacturers and our dental productsair motors are sold primarily to dental product distributors. In our San Dimas, California facility we manufactured plastic injection molds for a wide varietyrange of industries through May 2018, upon which time we sold the divisiondistributors and terminated our obligations under the lease for the San Dimas facility. The proportion of total sales by facility is as follows:end users.

In fiscal 2018,2020, our top 203 customers accounted for 97%92% of our sales compared to 94%84% in fiscal 2017.2019. In fiscal 2018,2020, we had one customer, included in both medical device and repairs revenue above, that accounted for 56%65% of sales with our next largest customer accounting for 12%17% of sales. This compares to fiscal 2017,2019, when we had one customer, included in medical device revenue above, thatthese same two customers accounted for 50%63% and 13%, respectively, of our revenue and no other single customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue.total sales. In many cases, including our largest customers, disclosure of customer names is prohibited by confidentiality agreements with such entities. We have no plans to discontinue the sales relationships with our existing significant customers.

Our business today is almost entirely driven by sales of our medical devices. Many of our significant customers place purchase orders for specific products that were developed under various development and/or supply agreements. Our customers may request that we design and manufacture a custom surgical device or they may hire us as a contract manufacturer to manufacture a product of their own design. In either case, we have extensive experience with autoclavable, battery-powered and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers. We continue to focus a significant percentage of our time and resources on providing outstanding products and service to our valued principal customers. Additionally, we continue to invest in machinery and equipment to increase our machining through-put.

Simultaneously, we are working to build top-line sales through active proposals of new medical device products with new and existing customers. Our patented adaptive torque-limiting software has been very well received in the CMF market andAs previously discussed, we have continued investment in this area with research and development focused on applying this technology to thoracic surgical applications. We invested significantly during fiscal 2018 on a thoracic driver utilizing adaptive torque-limiting software, and in early fiscal 2019, we entered a development contract with a currentan existing significant customer to private-label this driver for their unique specifications. We anticipateSales to this customer increased during fiscal 2020 by $2.4 million, compared to fiscal 2019. Of the total fiscal 2020 sales to this existing customer will increase late in fiscal 2019 as we addof $5.9 million, $3.1 million relates to sales of this product to their existing CMFthoracic driver and ancillary products that we currently supply.related batteries and accessories.

In April 2017, we invested in Monogram Orthopaedics Inc. (“Monogram”), a medical device start-up specializing in precision, patient-specific orthopedic implants.implants, through an $800,000 convertible note. In conjunction with making the loan to Monogram, we were granted the exclusive right to develop, engineer, manufacture, and supply certain products on behalf of Monogram. We impaired our entire $800,000 investment during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 due to indications that Monogram had exhausted its cash and had been unable to obtain additional financing to enable continued research to commercialize their technology. WhileDuring the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Monogram note was repaid with interest and we do not expect to recovercollected a total of $952,000 during fiscal 2020 recorded in other income in our investment, if Monogram successfully raises the funds needed to commercialize their technology,statement of operations contained elsewhere in this report. During fiscal 2021, we expect to generate future revenue streams pursuantfinalize a development agreement with Monogram to our contractual development and supply rights with them.develop a custom, orthopedic shaver.

The majority of the raw materials and components used to manufacture our products are purchased and are available from several sources, including through our own in-house machining capabilities. Portescap, K-V Engineering,Fischer Connectors, and Fischer ConnectorsTadiran Batteries are examples of key suppliers. We have no exclusive arrangements with any of our suppliers, but in several instances only one supplier is used for certain high-value components. In most of such instances, secondary suppliers have been identified, although it is likely that any transition to a new or different supplier would result in a delay in the supply chain. We consider our relationships with our suppliers and manufacturers to be good. We do not intend to terminate any such relationship at this time, nor does management have knowledge that any supplier or manufacturer intends to terminate its relationship with us.

Our commitment to product design, manufacturing, and quality systems are supported by our compliance with several regulatory agency requirements and standards. We hold a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) Establishment Registration and a State of California Device Manufacturing License (Department of Public Health Food and Drug Branch) with respect to our Irvine, California facility. In addition, our Irvine, California facility is certified to ISO 13485:2003,2016, Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC – Annex II, and Canadian Medical Device Conformity Assessment System.

At June 30, 2018,2020, we had a backlog of $12.3$7.0 million compared with a backlog of $8.7$17.7 million at June 30, 2017.2019. Our backlog represents firm purchase orders received and acknowledged from our customers and does not include all revenue expected to be generated from existing customer contracts. Our entire backlog at June 30, 20182020, as well as purchase orders received and yet to be received subsequent to June 30, 2020, is expected to be delivered during fiscal 2019.2021. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, variability in our new order bookings due to, among other reasons, the launch of new products, the timing of customer orders based on end-user demand, and customer inventory levels. We do not typically experience seasonal fluctuations in our shipments and revenues.

Segments

With the sale of the OMS division during fiscal 2017, we no longerWe have separate reportable segments. The OMS division was historically the only division that was significant enough to requireone operating segment disclosures and as such, effective with this divestiture, we no longer require segment disclosure as our business is currently run.operated.

Competition

The markets for products in the industries served by our customers are intensely competitive, and we face significant competition from a number of different sources. Several of our competitors have significantly greater name recognition, as well as substantially greater financial, technical, product development, and marketing resources, than us.

We compete in all of our markets with other major medical device companies. As a provider of outsourced services, we also compete with our customers’ own internal development and manufacturing groups. Competitive pressures and other factors, such as new product or new technology introductions by us, our customers’ internal development and manufacturing departments, or our competitors, may result in price or market share erosion that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Also, there can be no assurance that our products and services will achieve broad market acceptance or will successfully compete with other products targeting the same customers.

Research and Development

We conduct research and development activities to both maintain and improve our market position. Our research and development effort involves the design and manufacture of products that perform specific applications for our existing and prospective customers. Our research and development activities are focused on:

In certain instances, we may share research and development costs with our customers by billing for non-recurring engineering services. Revenue recognized for non-recurring engineering services represented 1% and 4%2% of our revenue in fiscal 20182020 and 2017, respectively.1% of our revenue in fiscal 2019. During recent years, we have entered into certain development and supply contracts, the development portions of which provide for billable non-recurring engineering service fees. Such fees are recognized as revenue generally upon milestoneover-time during the completion or completion of the product development services. The revenue earned during fiscal 20182020 relating to non-recurring engineering services was not material. During fiscal 2017, we completed the development of a surgical handpiece for a customer and began shipping products to this customer. Revenue for this development contract was recorded under the milestone completion method and we recognized revenue of $752,000 and $367,000 during fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. We will continue to pursue other revenue-generating development projects and in that regard we have two such development contracts, one executed in late fiscal 2018 and one in early fiscal 2019, expected to generate approximately $700,000 of non-recurring engineering services revenue during fiscal 2019. Accordingly, we believe that non-recurring engineering fees could represent a greater share of our revenue in the future, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in these endeavors.

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 20182020 and 2017,2019, we incurred research and development expenses amounting to $1.9$2.3 million and $1.2$1.9 million, respectively, which costs exclude labor and related expenses of approximately $46,000$315,000 and $130,000$277,000 in fiscal 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, that were reimbursed by our customers through billings for non-recurring engineering services.

Employees

At June 30, 2018,2020, we had 80117 employees as well as 13 temporary employeeemployees all working at our corporate office in Irvine, California. Since we sold our Fineline division in May 2018, we have noCalifornia and 2 employees in San Dimas, California at June 30, 2018.working remotely out of state. At June 30, 2017,2019, we had 7696 employees comprised of 70as well as 2 temporary employees all working at our corporate office in Irvine, California and 6 in San Dimas, California, as well as 5 temporary employeesone employee working in Irvine, California.remotely out of state. None of our employees are a party to any collective bargaining agreements with us. We consider our relationships with our employees to be good.

Government Regulations

The manufacture and distribution of medical and dental devices are subject to state and federal requirements set forth by various agencies, including the FDA, and state medical and dental boards. The statutes, regulations, administrative orders, and advisories that affect our businesses are complex and subject to diverse, often conflicting, interpretations. While we make every effort to maintain full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, we are unable to eliminate the ongoing risk that one or more of our activities or devices may at some point be determined to be non-compliant. The penalties for non-compliance could range from an administrative warning to termination of a portion of our business. Furthermore, even if we are subsequently determined to have fully complied with applicable laws or regulations, the costs to achieve such a determination and the intervening loss of business could adversely affect or result in the cessation of a portion of our business. A change in such laws or regulations at any time may have an adverse effect on our operations.

The FDA designates all medical devices into one of three classes (Class I, II, or III) based on the level of control necessary to assure the safety and effectiveness of the device (with Class I requiring the lowest level of control and Class III requiring the greatest level of control). The surgical instrumentation we manufacture is generally classified into Class I, and our dental instrumentation is generally classified into Class II.I. The FDA has broad enforcement powers to recall and prohibit the sale of products that do not comply with federal regulations, and to order the cessation of non-compliant processes. No claim has been made to date by the FDA regarding any of our products or processes. Nevertheless, as is common in the industry, certain of our products and processes have been the subject of routine governmental reviews and investigations.

The total cost of providing health care services has been and will continue to be subject to review by governmental agencies and legislative bodies in the major world markets, including the United States, which are faced with significant pressure to lower health care costs. TheBy way of example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed into law in March 2010 (the “Affordable Care Act”) imposesimposed a 2.3% excise tax currently suspended until December 31, 2019, on the sales of certain medical devices, some of which we produce, that we may be unable to recover through price increases to our customers.tax was repealed, following a 4-year moratorium, in December 2019.

We believe that our business is conducted in a manner consistent with the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and other agency regulations governing disposition of industrial waste materials.

While we believe that our products and processes fully comply with applicable laws and regulations, we are unable to predict the outcome of any investigation or review which may be undertaken in the future with respect to our products or processes.

Management believes that each of our facilities has manufacturing systems and processes that are based on established Quality Management System standards. In addition, we believe that our Irvine, California facility is compliant with applicable Good Manufacturing Practices promulgated by the FDA and is compliant with applicable ISO standards set forth by the International Organization for Standardization.

Patents, Trademarks, and Licensing Agreements

We hold US and foreign patents relating to miniature rotary drive productsour handheld medical devices and torque-limiting screwdrivers. Our patents have varying expiration dates. The near termnear-term expiration of the patents, if any, is not expected to cause any change in our revenue-generating operations as the revenue from the products associated with those patents is not material.

We have no reason to believe that our activities infringe upon the intellectual property of any third party. With respect to our own patents, we have no reason to believe that our patents are invalid, and we believe that at least some of our patents cover certain aspects of our products. While we are unaware of any reason that would cause us to assert or defend a claim of patent infringement, any such assertion or defense could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations due to the costs involved.

We have certain federally registered trademarks relating to our products, including Pro-Dex^®, along with a number of other common law trademarks.

We have not entered into any franchising agreements. We have not granted nor do we hold any third-party licenses having terms under which we earn revenue or incur expense in material amounts.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as the other information contained in this report, before deciding whether to invest in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects would suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline and you might lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks that we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our operations and business results.

A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from a few customers. If we were to lose a key customer, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In fiscal 2018,2020, our top 20 customers accounted for 97%99% of our sales, with our current largest customer accounting for 56%65% of our sales. This customer has made purchase commitments to us through a supply agreement to purchase surgical handpieces through calendar 2021. We provide this customer with a device used primarily in elective surgeries and although this customer has not requested a reduction or delay to their planned shipments, if the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely impact the United States and other markets where our products are sold, coupled with the recommended deferrals of elective procedures by governments and other authorities, we would expect to see a decline in demand from our principal customer. The loss of this customer or any of our significant customers would severely impact us, including having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, revenue, and results of operations.

The COVID-19 Pandemic, or the perception of its effects, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

To date, COVID-19 has not had a material adverse impact on our business or results of operations, but due to the uncertainties surrounding this pandemic, it may adversely impact us in the future. We may experience disruptions in our supply chain and critical suppliers may delay or be unable to deliver products we have ordered. Additionally, our customers could reduce planned orders, request cancelations of existing orders, and/or delay payment to us due to financial hardship they may experience as a result of this healthcare and resulting economic crisis. Therefore, it is impossible at this time to predict the ultimate short-term or long-term impact of the pandemic on our business.

The ability of our employees to work may be significantly impacted by the COVID-19 crisis.

Our employees are being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of our office and management personnel are working remotely, but our employees engaged in manufacturing and assembly are continuing to work at our corporate headquarters. The health of our workforce is of primary concern and we may need to enact further precautionary measures to help minimize the risk of our employees being exposed to the coronavirus. Further, our management team is focused on mitigating the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has required and will continue to require a large investment of time and resources across the entire Company, thereby diverting their attention from other priorities that existed prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. To date, we have had a total of six employees including one temporary agency worker test positive for COVID-19. As of August 18, 2020, all six have made full recoveries and returned to work subsequent to obtaining a negative COVID-19 test and a doctor’s release. If more of our employees test positive for COVID-19, or these conditions worsen, or last for an extended period of time, our ability to manage our business may be impaired, and operational risks, cybersecurity risks, and other risks facing us even prior to the pandemic may be elevated.

A substantial portion of our business is derived from our core business area that, if not serviced properly, may result in a material adverse impact upon our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In fiscal 2018,2020, we derived 90%95% of our revenue from sales of our medical device products and related services. We believe that a primary factor in the market acceptance of our products and services is the value they create for our customers. Our future financial performance will depend in large part on our ability to continue to meet the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers through the timely development, successful introduction and implementation of new and enhanced products and services, while at the same time continuing to provide the value our customers have come to expect from us. We have historically expended a significant percentage of our revenue on product development and believe that significant continued product development efforts will be required to sustain our growth. Continued investment in our sales and marketing efforts will also be required to support future growth.

There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our product development efforts, that the market will continue to accept our existing products, or that new products or product enhancements will be developed and implemented in a timely manner, meet the requirements of our customers, or achieve market acceptance. If the market does not continue to accept our existing products, or our new products or product enhancements do not achieve market acceptance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our customers may cancel or reduce their orders, change production quantities or delay production, any of which would reduce our sales and adversely affect our operating results.

Since most of our customers purchase our products from us on a purchase order basis, they may cancel, change, or delay product purchase commitments with little notice to us. As a result, we are not always able to forecast with certainty the sales that we will make in a given period and sometimes we may increase our inventory, working capital, and overhead in expectation of orders that may never be placed, or, if placed, may be delayed, reduced, or canceled.

The following factors, among others, affect our ability to forecast accurately our sales and production capacity:

Delayed, reduced or canceled purchase orders also may result in our inability to recover costs that we incur in anticipation of those orders, such as costs associated with purchased raw materials and write-offs of obsolete inventory.

In recent years, we have launched many new medical device products and our estimates of warranty claims are based largely on our previous history from similar legacy products. If actual warranty claims exceed our estimates, it could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

WeIn recent years we have recently completed significant medical device development projects in the craniomaxillofacial (“CMF”)CMF and thoracic surgical segment as well as a surgical handpiece used for orthopedic applicationssegments for which we have made estimates of product warranty claims based upon similar, legacy products. If the actual repair volumes or repair costs exceed the estimates that we have been using, we may incur additional costs which could be materially adverse to our results of operations and financial condition.

We face significant competition from a number of different sources, which could negatively impact our results of operations and business conditions.

The markets for products in the industries served by our customers are intensely competitive, and we face significant competition from a number of different sources. Several of our competitors have significantly greater name recognition, as well as substantially greater financial, technical, product development and marketing resources, than us.

We compete in all of our markets with other major surgical device and related companies. As a provider of outsourced products and services, we also compete with our customers’ own internal development groups. Competitive pressures and other factors, such as new product or new technology introductions by us, our customers’ internal development and manufacturing departments, or our competitors, may result in price or market share erosion that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Also, there can be no assurance that our products and services will achieve broad market acceptance or will successfully compete with other products.

The industry in which we operate is subject to significant technological change and any failure or delay in addressing such change could adversely affect our competitive position or could make our current products obsolete.

The medical device market is generally characterized by rapid technological change, changing customer needs, frequent new product introductions and evolving industry standards. The introduction of products incorporating new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards could render our existing products obsolete and unmarketable. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in developing and marketing new products that respond to technological changes or evolving industry standards.

New product development requires significant research and development expenditures that we have historically funded through operations; however, we may be unable to do so in the future. Any significant decrease in revenues or research funding could impair our ability to respond to technological advances in the marketplace and to remain competitive. If we are unable, for technological or other reasons, to develop and introduce new products in a timely manner in response to changing market conditions or customer requirements, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Although we continue to target new markets for access, develop new products, and update existing products, there can be no assurance that we will do so successfully or that even if we are successful, such efforts will be completed concurrently with or prior to the introduction of competing products. Any such failure or delay could adversely affect our competitive position or could make our current products obsolete.

We rely heavily on our proprietary technology, which, if not properly protected or if deemed invalid, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are dependent on the maintenance and protection of our proprietary technology and rely on patent filings, exclusive development and supply agreements, confidentiality procedures and employee nondisclosure agreements to protect it. There can be no assurance that the legal protections and precautions taken by us will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology or that competitors will not independently develop technologies equivalent or superior to ours. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States and are often not enforced as vigorously as those in the United States.

We do not believe that our operations or products infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. However, there can be no assurance that others will not assert infringement or trade secret claims against us with respect to our current or future products. Assertions or claims by others, whether or not valid, could cause us to incur significant legal costs defending our intellectual property rights and potentially require us to enter into a license agreement or royalty arrangement with the party asserting the claim or to cease our use of the infringing technology, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Two of our directors hold voting power with respect to a substantial portion of our outstanding common stock that enables them to have significant influence over the outcome of all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, which influence may conflict with our interests and the interests of other shareholders.

As of August 1, 2018,13, 2020, two of our directors, Nicholas J. Swenson and Raymond E. Cabillot, directly or indirectly, controlled voting power over approximately 39% (26%38% (27% and 13%11%, respectively) of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result of such voting control, these directors will have significant influence over all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of our directors and other corporate actions, and may have interests that conflict with our interests and the interests of other shareholders.

If our technology infrastructure is compromised, damaged or interrupted by a cybersecurity incident, data security breach or other security problems, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations, and our ability to serve customers most effectively depends on the reliability of our technology systems. We use software and other technology systems, among other things, to generate sales orders, job orders and purchase orders and to monitor and manage our business on a day-to-day basis. Cybersecurity incidents can include computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, worms, and other malicious software programs or other attacks, covert introduction of malware to computers and networks, impersonation of authorized users, and efforts to discover and exploit any design flaws, bugs, security vulnerabilities or security weaknesses, as well as intentional or unintentional acts by employees or other insiders with access privileges, intentional acts of vandalism by third parties and sabotage.

In addition, our technology infrastructure and systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss and telecommunications failures. Any such disruption to our systems, or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, the failure of these systems to otherwise perform as anticipated, or the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, loss of customers, potential liability, including litigation or other legal actions against us or the imposition of penalties, fines, fees or liabilities, which may not be covered by our insurance policies, and competitive disadvantage, any or all of which would potentially adversely affect our customer service, decrease the volume of our business and result in increased costs and lower profits. Moreover, a cybersecurity breach could require us to devote significant management resources to address the problems associated with the breach and to expend significant additional resources to upgrade further the security measures we employ to protect information against cyber-attacks and other wrongful attempts to access such information, which could result in a disruption of our operations.

While we have invested, and continue to invest, in technology security initiatives and other measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, as well as disaster recovery plans, these initiatives and measures may not be entirely effective to insulate us from technology disruption that could result in adverse effects on our results of operations.

The agreements governing our various debt obligations impose restrictions on our business and could adversely affect our ability to undertake certain corporate actions.

The agreements governing our debt obligations include covenants imposing significant restrictions on our business. These restrictions may affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. These covenants place restrictions on our ability to, among other things:

The agreements governing our debt obligations also requires us to comply with a number of financial ratios, borrowing base requirements and additional covenants.

Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial, and industry conditions. These covenants could adversely affect our business by limiting our ability to take advantage of financing, merger and acquisition, or other corporate opportunities. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions could result in a default under our debt obligations. If we were unable to repay our debt, or are otherwise in default under any provision governing our secured debt obligations, our lender could proceed against us and against the collateral securing that debt.

To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. However, our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to make payments on, and to refinance, our indebtedness and to fund capital expenditures, will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which, in turn, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and we may not have available to us future borrowings in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. In these circumstances, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Without this financing, we could be forced to sell assets or secure additional financing to make up for any shortfall in our payment obligations under unfavorable circumstances. However, we may not be able to secure additional financing on terms favorable to us or at all and, in addition, the agreements governing our debt obligations limit our ability to sell assets. In addition, we may not be able to sell assets quickly enough or for sufficient amounts to enable us to meet our obligations.

We periodically invest surplus cash in marketable securities and other investments in order to realize a positive return, although there can be no assurance that a positive return will be realized, and we could lose some or all of our investments, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.

We invest a significant portion of our excess capital in marketable securities, including equity securities of publicly traded companies. At June 30, 2020, the fair value of these marketable securities was approximately $4.9 million. Approximately $2.4 million of our investments at June 30, 2020 include equity securities of companies that are thinly traded. As such, these investments are classified as long-term in nature, as we may not be able to liquidate the investments in a timely manner even if we wish to sell them. Further, we obtained an independent valuation of these stocks to determine the fair market value. While we intend to hold our investments, we may have unexpected cash requirements which necessitate the sale of some or all of these marketable securities and we may incur losses.

We may not be able to successfully integrate our business acquisitions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We have acquired, and may acquire in the future, businesses, products, and technologies that complement or expand our current operations. Acquisitions could require significant capital investments and require us to integrate with companies that have different cultures, management teams, and business infrastructure. Depending on the size and complexity of an acquisition, our successful integration of the acquisition could depend on several factors, including:

If market conditions or other factors require us to change our strategic direction, we may fail to realize the expected value from one or more of our acquisitions. Our failure to successfully integrate our acquisitions or realize the expected value from past or future acquisitions could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our quarterly results can fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, which may negatively impact the price of our shares and/or cause significant variances in the prices at which our shares trade.

Our sales have fluctuated in the past, and may fluctuate in the future from quarter to quarter and period to period, as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation: the size and timing of orders from customers; the length of new product development cycles; market acceptance of new technologies; changes in pricing policies or price reductions by us or our competitors; the timing of new product announcements and product introductions by us or our competitors; the financial stability of major customers; our success in expanding our sales and marketing programs; acceleration, deferral, or cancellation of customer orders and deliveries; changes in our strategy; revenue recognition policies in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”); personnel changes; and general market and economic factors.

Because a significant percentage of our expenses are fixed, a variation in the timing of sales can cause significant fluctuations in operating results from quarter to quarter. As a result, we believe that interim period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. Further, our historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of future performance for any particular period.

In addition, it is possible that our operating results in future quarters may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. In such an event, the price of our common stock could be materially adversely affected.

Our operations are dependent upon our key personnel. If such personnel were to leave unexpectedly, we may not be able to execute our business plan.

Our future performance depends in significant part upon the continued service of our key technical and senior management personnel. Because we have a relatively small number of employees when compared to other companies in the same industry, our dependence on maintaining our relationship with key employees is particularly significant. We are also dependent on our ability to attract and retain high quality personnel, particularly in the areas of product development, operations management, marketing and finance.

A high level of employee mobility and the aggressive recruiting of skilled personnel characterize the medical device industry. There can be no assurance that our current employees will continue to work for us. Loss of services of key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Furthermore, we may need to provide enhanced forms of incentive compensation to attract and retain such key personnel.

Our operations are subject to a number of complex government regulations, the violation of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The manufacture and distribution of medical and dental devices are subject to state and federal requirements set forth by various government agencies including the FDA and EPA. The statutes, regulations, administrative orders, and advisories that affect our businesses are complex and subject to diverse, often conflicting, interpretations. While we make every effort to maintain full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, we are unable to eliminate the ongoing risk that one or more of our activities may at some point be determined to be non-compliant. The penalties for non-compliance could range from an administrative warning to termination of a portion of our business. Furthermore, even if we are subsequently determined to have fully complied with applicable laws or regulations, the costs to achieve such a determination and the intervening loss of business could adversely affect or result in the cessation of a portion of our business. A change in such laws or regulations at any time may have an adverse effect on our operations.

The FDA designates all medical devices into one of three classes (Class I, II, or III) based on the level of control necessary to assure the safety and effectiveness of the device (with Class I requiring the lowest level of control and Class III requiring the greatest level of control). The surgical instrumentation we manufacture is generally classified into Class I, and our dental instrumentation is generally classified into Class II.I. The FDA has broad enforcement powers to recall and prohibit the sale of products that do not comply with federal regulations, and to order the cessation of non-compliant processes. No claim has been made to date by the FDA regarding any of our products or processes. Nevertheless, as is common in the industry, certain of our products and processes are from time to time subject to routine governmental reviews and investigations. We are also subject to EPA regulations concerning the disposal of industrial waste.

While management believes that our products and processes fully comply with applicable laws and regulations, we are unable to predict the outcome of any such future review or investigation.

We face increased costs in the healthcare industry due to government reform.

Political, economic and regulatory influences are subjecting the healthcare industry to fundamental changes. The Affordable Care Act enacted sweeping reforms to the U.S. healthcare industry, including mandatory health insurance, reforms to Medicare and Medicaid, the creation of large insurance purchasing groups, new taxes on medical equipment manufacturers, currently suspended through 2019, that apply to certain of our products and other significant modifications to the healthcare delivery system.

The global economic environment may impact our business, operating results or financial condition.

Changes in the global economic environment have caused, and may cause in the future, a general tightening in the credit markets, lower levels of liquidity, increases in rates of default and bankruptcy, and extreme volatility in credit, equity and fixed income markets. These macroeconomic developments could negatively affect our business, operating results or financial condition should they cause, for example, current or potential customers to become unable to fund purchases of our products, in turn resulting in delays, decreases or cancellations of purchases of our products and services, or causing the customer to not pay us or to delay paying us for previously purchased products and services. In addition, financial institution failures may cause us to incur increased expenses or make it more difficult either to obtain financing for our operations, investing activities (including the financing of any future acquisitions), or financing activities. Additional economic risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

We face risks and uncertainties associated with potential litigation by or against us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We continually face the possibility of litigation as either a plaintiff or a defendant. It is not reasonably possible to estimate the awards or damages, or the range of awards or damages, if any, that we might incur in connection with such litigation.

Many of our products are complex and technologically advanced. Such products may, from time to time, be the subject of claims concerning product performance and construction, including warranty claims. While we are committed to correcting such problems as soon as possible, there is no assurance that solutions will be found on a timely basis, if at all, to satisfy customer demands or to avoid potential claims or litigation. Also, due to the location of our facilities, as well as the nature of our business activities, there is a risk that we could be subject to litigation related to environmental remediation claims. We maintain insurance to protect against claims associated with the manufacture and use of our products as well as environmental pollution, but there can be no assurance that our insurance coverage will adequately cover any claim asserted against us.

The uncertainty associated with potential litigation may have an adverse impact on our business. In particular, litigation could impair our relationships with existing customers and our ability to obtain new customers. Defending or prosecuting litigation could result in significant legal costs and a diversion of management’s time and attention away from business operations, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurance that litigation would not result in liability in excess of our insurance coverage, that our insurance will cover such claims or that appropriate insurance will continue to be available to us in the future at commercially reasonable rates.

We have experienced losses in the past, and we cannot be certain that we will sustain our current profitability; we may need additional capital in the future to fund our businesses, which we may not be able to obtain on acceptable terms.

We have experienced operating losses in the past. Although we were profitable in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, we incurred pre-tax losses from continuing operations of $446,000, $755,000, and $1,903,000 in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our ability to achieve or sustain profitability is based on a number of factors, many of which are out of our control, including the material costs for our products and the demand for our products.

We currently anticipate that our available capital resources, including our existing cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable balances will be sufficient to meet our expected working capital and capital expenditure requirements as our business is currently conducted for at least the next 12 months. We may also attempt to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financings, if such financings become available on acceptable terms. We cannot be certain that any additional financing we may need will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of opportunities, develop new products or otherwise respond to competitive pressures, and our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We are subject to changes in and interpretations of financial accounting matters that govern the measurement of our performance, compliance with which could be costly and time consuming.

We are subject to changes in and interpretations of financial accounting standards that govern the measurement of our performance. Based on our reading and interpretations of relevant pronouncements, guidance, or concepts issued by, among other authorities, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, management believes our performance, including current sales contract terms and business arrangements, has been properly reported. However, there continue to be issued pronouncements, interpretations, and guidance for applying the relevant standards to a wide range of contract terms and business arrangements that are prevalent in the industries in which we operate. Future interpretations or changes by the regulators of existing accounting standards or changes in our business practices may result in future changes in our accounting policies and practices that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, revenue, and results of operations.

Our evaluation of internal controls and remediation of potential problems is costly and time consuming and could expose weaknesses in financial reporting.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, requires management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This process is expensive and time consuming and requires significant attention of management. Management can give no assurance that material weaknesses in internal controls will not be discovered. If a material weakness is discovered, corrective action may be time consuming and costly, and could further divert the attention of management. The disclosure of a material weakness, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price, especially if a restatement of financial statements for past periods is required.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

Our executive offices and Irvine manufacturing facility are located at 2361 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, California 92614. We lease the 28,000 square foot facility from an unrelated third party at a current base monthly lease rate of $36,493$38,716 with 3% annual escalations through the expiration of the lease in September 2027. The building is a one-story, stand-alone structure of concrete “tilt-up” construction, approximately 35 years old and in good condition.

Our former San Dimas office and manufacturing facility was located at 210 West Arrow Highway, Suites C & D, San Dimas, California 91773. The 3,680 square foot facility was leased from an unrelated third party, at a base monthly lease rate of $2,870 through May 2018, which terminated in conjunction with the sale ofWhile we believe our Fineline division. The suites were located in a one-story building in an approximately 35-year-old industrial office complex in fair condition.

Our Irvine facility is believed to be adequate for our expected needs. We believe each facility we leased during fiscal 2018,current needs and is in full compliance with applicable state, EPA and other agency environmental standards.standards, we do anticipate continued growth and therefore we are actively seeking an additional commercial facility to satisfy our expected future growth. (See Note 13 of Notes to Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report.)

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 108 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted under the symbol “PDEX” on the automated quotation system of the Nasdaq Capital Market (“NASDAQ”). The following table sets forth for the quarters indicated the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by NASDAQ. The quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown, or commissions, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. On September 7, 2018,4, 2020, the last sale price of our common stock as reported by NASDAQ was $9.95$28.69 per share.

Holders

As of September 7, 2018,4, 2020, there were 9499 holders of record of our common stock. This number does not include beneficial owners including holders whose shares are held in nominee, or “street,” name.

Dividends

We have never paid a cash dividend with respect to our common stock. The current policy of our Board of Directors is to retain any future earnings to provide funds for the operation and expansion of our business. Any determinations to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.

Repurchases

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018,2020 and 2019, we repurchased 30,39026,353 and 96,700 shares, respectively, at an aggregate cost of $202,000$411,000 and $1.3 million, respectively, through a Board approved prearranged share repurchase planplans intended to qualify for the safe harbor under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. There were no repurchases during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.

Recent Sales

In February 2017, our Board approved an At The Market Offering Agreement (“ATM” or “ATM Agreement”) with Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC (“Ascendiant”). The ATM Agreement allows us to sell shares of our common stock pursuant to specific parameters defined by us as well as those defined by the SEC and the ATM Agreement. During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017, we sold 8,276 shares of common stock and raised proceeds of $48,000, net of commissions and paid fees to Ascendiant totaling $1,500. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, we sold 332,189 shares of common stock under the ATM at average prices of $7.02 per share, resulting in proceeds to us of $2.3 million, net of commissions and fees. The shares were sold pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-215032), which was declared effective on February 8, 2017 by the SEC.

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not applicable.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report, as well as the Risk Factors included in Item 1A of this report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. (See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included in Part 1 of this report.)

Overview

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial condition for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20182020 and 2017. The income from discontinued operations included in our consolidated statement of operations relates to the sale of our OMS division, which we sold in January 2017.2019.

The Company, headquartered in Irvine, California, specializes in the design, development, and manufacture of autoclavable, battery-powered and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers used primarily in the orthopedic, spine,thoracic, and maxocranial facial markets. Additionally, we provide engineering, quality, and regulatory consulting services to our customers. We also sell rotary air motors. Our products are found in hospitals, medical engineering labs, scientific research facilities, and high-tech manufacturing operations around the world.

In addition toCOVID-19 Pandemic

We are continuing our principalbusiness operations described above,under the California exemption for “essential critical infrastructure sectors” based on our Fineline division, located in San Dimas, California, manufactured plastic injection molds for a wide variety of industries until May 2018, whendetermination that we soldfall within the division. Through April 2017, we provided engineering consultingHealthcare and placement services, as well as quality and regulatory consulting services through our ESD Division. AlthoughPublic Health Sector exemption.

As we continue to operate, we have adjusted certain policies and procedures based on applicable national, state, and local emergency orders and safety guidance that may be issued from time to time, including:

While we have yet to see any decline in our customer orders, we have received and accepted some customer requests to delay the shipment of their existing orders. We provide engineering, qualityour largest customer with a device used primarily in elective surgeries and regulatory consulting servicesalthough this customer has not requested a reduction or delay to their planned shipments, if this pandemic continues to adversely impact the United States and other markets where our products are sold, coupled with the recommended deferrals of elective procedures by governments and other authorities, we would expect to see a decline in demand from our principal customer.

We are focused on the health and safety of all those we serve – our customers, our communities, our employees, and our suppliers. We are supporting our customers according to their priorities and working with them to the degree that we can offer relief in the form of delayed shipments. We are focused on continuity of supply by working with our suppliers. To date, a total of six of our employees including one temporary agency worker have ceased placement servicestested positive for COVID-19 and accordinglyall of them have disbanded our ESD Division. The cessationmade full recoveries and returned to work as of placement servicesAugust 18, 2020.

While the COVID-19 pandemic did not materially adversely affect our financial results and business operations in our fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, economic and health conditions in the United States and across much of the globe have a materialchanged rapidly since the end of the quarter, and we cannot predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial position or results of operations.business.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue on product sales is recognized upon shipment to the customer when risk of loss and title transfer to the customer and all other conditions required by GAAP, as promulgatedEffective July 1, 2018, we adopted new revenue recognition guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) inrelated to contracts with customers. Under Accounting Standards CodificationUpdate (“ASC”ASU”) Section 605 “Revenue Recognition”, have been satisfied.

2014-09, (Topic 606) “Revenue From Contracts with Customers,” we recognize revenue from billable product development service portionsthe sales of developmentproducts and supply contractsservices by applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is generally recognized either upon milestone completionsatisfied. We utilized the modified retrospective method of adoption and there was no impact on our financial statements as a result of adopting Topic 606 for the year ended June 30, 2019. We primarily sell finished products and recognize revenue at point of sale or completiondelivery and the timing of revenue recognition has not changed with the adoption of the new guidance. However, we also perform services when we are engaged to design a product development services,for a customer and there is more judgment involved in conformity with ASC Section 605. We recognizedetermining the amount and timing of revenue that is contingent uponrecognition under those types of contracts. In fiscal 2020, the achievement of a substantive milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved. A milestone is considered substantive when the consideration payable to us for such milestone (i) is consistent with our performance necessary to achieve the milestone, (ii) relates solely to our past performance and (iii) is reasonable relative to all of the other deliverables and payments within the arrangement. In making this assessment, we consider all facts and circumstances relevant to the arrangement, including factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the milestone, the level of effort and investment required to achieve the milestone and whether any portion of the milestone consideration is related to future performance or deliverables. Accordingly, in certain cases, based upon the evaluation of the criteria above, we record revenue upon milestone completion and in other cases revenue from product development milestone billings to our customers is deferred until completionNRE and Prototypes represents approximately 2% of all development phases or milestones.total revenue.

Returns of our product for credit are not material; accordingly, we do not establish a reserve for product returns at the time of sale.

We will adopt the requirements of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The new standard will be adopted in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective method of adoption, and we will recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to opening retained earnings as of July 1, 2018. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, except for expanded disclosures related to revenue in order to comply with the new guidance.

Estimated Losses on Product Development Services

Cost and revenue estimates related to the product development service portions of development and supply contracts are reviewed and updated quarterly. When it is probable that total costs from the development portion of such contracts will exceed productAn expected loss on development service revenue, the expected losscontracts is recognized immediately in cost of sales.

Owing to the complexity of many of the contracts we have undertaken, the cost estimation process requires significant judgment. It is based upon the knowledge and experience of our project managers, engineers, and finance professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the cost of work to be completed and ultimate profitability of the fixed price product development portion of development and supply contracts include the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, availability and productivity of labor, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, performance of subcontractors, and expected costs for specific regulatory approvals.

Warranties

Most of our products are sold with a warranty that provides for repairs or replacement of any defective parts for a period, generally one to two years, after the sale. At the time of the sale, we accrue an estimate of the cost of providing the warranty based on prior experience with such factors as return rates and repair costs, which factors are reviewed quarterly.

Warranty expenses, including changes of estimates, are included in cost of sales in our consolidated statements of operations.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Reductions to estimated net realizable value are recorded, and charged to cost of sales, when indicated based on a formula that compares on-hand quantities to both historical usage and estimated demand over the ensuing 12 months from the measurement date.

Accounts Receivable

Trade receivables are stated at their original invoice amounts, less an allowance for doubtful portions of such accounts. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on facts and circumstances related to specific accounts, and on historical experience related to the age of accounts. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously reserved are offset against the allowance when received.

Deferred Costs

Deferred costs reflect costs incurred related to non-recurring engineering services under the terms of the related development and supply contracts. These costs get recorded to cost of sales in the period that the revenue is recognized pursuant to the terms of the underlying contract with our customer.recognized.

Investments

Investments consist of marketable equity securities of publicly held companies. The investments were made to realize a reasonable return, although there is no assurance that positive returns will be realized. Investments are marked to market at each measurement date, with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, presented as adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. We hold investments in the common stock of public companies that are thinly traded. These investments were subject to an independent valuation as of June 30, 2020.

Long-lived Assets

We review the recoverability of long-lived assets, consisting of equipment and leasehold improvements, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate carrying values may not be recoverable.

Equipment and leasehold improvements are recorded at historical cost and depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the following periods:

Goodwill & Intangibles

We recorded goodwill and a trade name in conjunction with the asset purchase of Fineline during fiscal 2015. We assess the potential impairment of goodwill and trade name on an annual basis, or more frequently if there are events or changes in circumstances that may indicate potential impairment. Other intangibles consist of legal fees incurred in connection with patent applications, covenant not to compete, and customer lists including backlog.applications. The legal fees will be amortized over the estimated product life of the underlying product related toproduct(s) that will be utilizing the associatedtechnology, or expensed immediately in the event the patent office denies the issuance of the patent. The covenant not to compete and customer list including backlog relate to assets acquired in conjunctionexpense associated with the purchase of Huber and Fineline and will be amortized over their estimated useful lives or, in the case of Fineline, retired in connection with our sale of those assets.

Notes Receivable

Notes receivable are stated at unpaid principal balance and are subject to impairment losses. Management considers a note impaired when either i) based upon current information or factors, it is probable that the principal and interest payments will not be collected, or converted to equity, according to the termsamortization of the secured convertible promissory note or ii) the fair market of the underlying collateral securing the notepatent costs is less than the book value of the note receivable.recognized in research and development costs.

Business Combinations

We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, useful lives and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities, along with net operating loss and tax credit carryovers. Deferred tax assets at June 30, 20182020 and 20172019, consisted primarily of basis differences related to research and development tax credit utilization, intangibleunrealized gain/loss related to investments, fixed assets, accrued expenses and inventories. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and the recoverability of our deferred tax assets. Such determination is based on our historical taxable income, with consideration given to our estimates of future taxable income and the periods over which deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and results of recent operations. The assumptions about future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying business. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss). During fiscal 2017, we released approximately $3.3 million of the tax effected valuation allowance, as we determined that we were more likely than not to generate sufficient levels of profitability to realize substantially all of our deferred tax assets.

Results of Operations for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 20182020 Compared to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 20172019

The following tables set forth results from continuing operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20182020 and 2017:2019:

Net Sales

The majority of our revenue is derived from designing, developing, and manufacturing powered surgical instruments for medical device original equipment manufacturers dental instruments, and rotary air motors. The proportion of total sales by product/service type is as follows:

Net sales in fiscal 20182020 increased by $522,000,$7.7 million, or 2%28%, as compared to fiscal 2017,2019, due primarily to an increase in medical device sales of $1.7 million offset by a decrease in dental and componentrepair revenue of $190,000, and other revenue, consisting of the Fineline and ESD Divisions, of $1.0 million.$5.2 million generated mostly from our largest customer. During fiscal 2018,2020, sales to our largest customer increased by $1.6$5.6 million to $12.5$22.7 million, up from $10.9$17.1 million in fiscal 2017.2019. We manufacture a surgical handpiece designed to be used in orthopedic surgery applications for this customer and we have continued to see increased demand from this customer.

Sales of our industrial and scientific products, which consists primarily of our compact pneumatic air motors, decreased $56,000$153,000, or 6 percent16% for fiscal 20182020 compared to fiscal 2017. 2019. The revenue decline relates to a lack of marketing efforts for these legacy products.

Our dental and component revenue is generated from sales to many distributors and end-users whose purchasing activity can vary widely from year to year. These are legacy products which have not had a product line refresh in several years. In January 2018, we sent notifications to our dental product customers that we arewere discontinuing the manufacture of these products and that same month we accepted final purchase orders to be fulfilled over the next six months. At this point we are focusing our product development and sales efforts almost exclusively on our medical device products, which prompted our decision to terminate the sales of our dental products. Sales of our dental products and components have declined as we are no longer manufacturing this line of products, but rather are simply selling remaining component inventory. The cessation of our dental line of products is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Finally,Our fiscal 2020 repair revenue has increased approximately $5.2 million, or 458%, over fiscal 2019 to $6.3 million, due largely to repairs of the orthopedic device we sell to our otherlargest customer. Typically, upon initial product launch, repair revenue decreased $1.0 millionis minimal as most repairs are typically covered under warranty, but as the products mature in the marketplace and after a certain number of routine duty cycles in the operating room, repairs generally increase. We expect similar repair revenue in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior fiscal year and includes revenue generated from our Fineline and ESD Divisions of $358,000 and $10,000, respectively, in fiscal 2018, representing decreases of $598,000 and $427,000, respectively, compared to fiscal 2017. Due to declining sales of Fineline, we sold the division in May 2018. Additionally and as indicated previously, in April 2017 we made a conscious decision to disband our ESD Division due to poor performance.2021.

At June 30, 2018,2020, we had a backlog of $12.3$7.0 million compared with a backlog of $8.7$17.7 million at June 30, 2017.2019. Our backlog represents firm purchase orders received and acknowledged from our customers and does not include all revenue expected to be generated from existing customer contracts. Our entire backlog at June 30, 20182020, as well as purchase orders received and yet to be received subsequent to June 30, 2020, is expected to be delivered during fiscal 2019.2021. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, variability in our new order bookings due to, among other reasons, the launch of new products, the timing of customer orders based on end-user demand, and customer inventory levels. We do not typically experience seasonal fluctuations in our shipments and revenues.

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

Cost of sales in fiscal 2018 decreased $235,000,2020 increased $4.3 million, or 2%25%, from fiscal 2017,2019, primarily due to a $693,000 decreasethe increase in product costs, offset by anconsistent with the 28% increase in under-absorption of manufacturing overhead of $207,000, inventory and warranty charges of $168,000, and accrued losses on product development services of $83,000. The decrease in product costs is due in large part to savings made by a full year of in-sourcing previously out-sourced manufactured parts. Our gross margin increased from 33 percent in fiscal 2017 to 35 percent in fiscal 2018, largely due to these savings.net sales. During fiscal 2018,2020, we accrued $83,000 forincurred costs of $1.2 million to generate $834,000 in revenue related to NRE and Proto-type services, netting losses in the amount of $370,000 from the development services portion of certain contracts compared to none in fiscal 2017. Under-absorption2019. During fiscal 2020, we experienced over-absorption of manufacturing costs increased by $207,000 for fiscal 2018 compared to an under-absorption in fiscal 2017,2019, due primarily to adjustments to our standard labor and overhead rates at the beginning of fiscal 20182020 in anticipation of higher manufacturing volumes. Costs related to inventory and warranty charges increased $168,000remained relatively flat in fiscal 20182020 compared to 2017, due primarily to $154,000 in increased warranty expenses and an increase of $14,000 in inventory charges.fiscal 2019.

Operating Expenses

Selling expenses consist of salaries and other personnel-related expenses related to our business development departments,department, as well as trade show attendance, advertising and marketing expenses, and travel and related costs incurred in generating and maintaining customer relationships.

Selling Expenses by division
(in thousands except % of total)

Selling expenses for Pro-Dex Irvine during fiscal 2018 increased $14,000,$162,000, or 7%39%, compared to fiscal 2017, mostly2019, primarily related to increased personnel expenses in the amount of $95,000 as well as consulting expenses of $96,000, offset by decreases in recruitment fees of $40,000 due to increased commission expense. Asfilling the previously discussed, we disbanded our ESD divisionvacant position of Director of Business Development during the fourthfirst quarter of fiscal 2017 due to poor performance. Our Fineline division was sold in May 2018, and the increase in selling expenses in fiscal 2018 of $21,000 is due to the broker commission recorded on the sale offset by one less month’s typical expenses.2019.

General and administrative expenses (“G&A”) consist of salaries and other personnel-related expenses for corporate, accounting, finance, and human resource personnel, as well as costs for outsourced information technology services, professional fees, directors’ fees, and costs associated with being a public company. The $242,000 decrease$697,000 increase in G&A expenses from fiscal 20172019 to 20182020 is due primarily to reduced$277,000 in increased fiscal 20182020 bonus accruals, offset by$93,000 in increased stockpersonnel expenses, $249,000 in increased equity compensation expense resulting from performance stock awards granted during fiscal 2018 (see Note 11 of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report).

The fiscal 2018 asset impairment charges relatedue to the impairmentreallocation of our investment in Monogrampreviously forfeited performance awards, and increased professional fees related to outsourced information technology services and audit fees in the amount of $800,000 (see Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report) as well as impairment of goodwill and intangible assets related to Fineline as a result of our impairment test (see Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report). The fiscal 2017 asset impairment charges relates to impairment of the Huber customer list.$85,000.

Research and development costs consist of salaries and other personnel-related costs of our product development and engineering personnel, related professional and consulting fees, and costs related to intellectual property, laboratory usage, materials, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our products. The $433,000 increase in research and development costs from fiscal 2019 to fiscal 2020 is due primarily to increased personnel-related costs in the amount of $668,000$386,000 and increased recruiting expenses as we hired new engineers during the fiscal 2020.

Although the majority of our research and development costs relate to sustaining activities related to products we currently manufacture and sell, we have created a product roadmap to develop future products. Research and development costs represent between 38% and 39% of total operating expenses during fiscal 2019 and 2020 and are expected to increase in the future as we continue to invest in product development. The amount spent on projects under development is summarized below (in thousands):

*

We substantially completed this product and began initial shipments of a private-labeled version to an existing CMF customer beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2020, generating $3.1 million in revenue during fiscal 2020.

⁽¹⁾

This project has been internally pushed back to focus on our new internal Pro-Dex branded ENT shaver.

⁽²⁾

Internal development of this project is complete, but we are looking for the most attractive sales channel and have yet to sell this product.

As we previously discussed, in early fiscal 2019 we entered a development contract with a current significant customer to private-label our thoracic driver for their unique specifications. We shipped initial launch quantities of this product during the third quarter ended March 31, 2020. Additionally, the customer CMF driver listed in the prior year was completed during fiscal 2020 and we began shipping initial quantities to this customer during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and generated $556,000 in revenue related to this new product.

Approximately $6,000 in expenses included in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017 relates primarily2020 sustaining and other is related to the R&D efforts relatedJet Propulsion Laboratory’s Ventilator Intervention Technology Accessible Locally (“VITAL”), a high-pressure, lower cost ventilator. In the fourth quarter, we were one of eight US-based companies awarded a license to manufacture the VITAL. We are currently in the process of creating proto-types for testing and look forward to adding this as a new thoracic driver utilizing adaptive torque-limiting software.formal product under development in our next fiscal quarter. We are excited about the opportunity to commercialize this product, which may alleviate some of the ventilator supply chain shortages experienced by hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest and Dividend Income

Our otherinterest and dividend income primarily relates to $199,000earned in fiscal 2020 includes $95,000 earned from our interest-bearing money market accounts and portfolio of equity investments. The fiscal 2019 interest and dividend income included $183,000 of interest income earned related to ouran investment in a hotel throughas well as $83,000 of interest and dividend income earned from our interest-bearing money market accounts and portfolio of equity investments.

Other Income

During the Participation Agreementfourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Monogram Orthopaedics Inc. (“Monogram”) note was repaid with interest and we collected a total of $952,000 during fiscal 2020. We invested in Monogram, a medical device start-up specializing in precision, patient-specific orthopedic implants in April 2017. In conjunction with making the loan to Monogram, we were granted the exclusive right to develop, engineer, manufacture, and supply certain products on behalf of Monogram. We impaired our entire $800,000 investment during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 due to indications that Monogram had exhausted its cash and had been unable to obtain additional financing to enable continued research to commercialize their technology.

Gain on Sale of Investments

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we liquidated one of the stocks in our portfolio of equity investments receiving proceeds of $128,000 and recording a gain of $25,000. During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, we liquidated one of the stocks in our portfolio of equity investments receiving proceeds of $1.9 million and recording a gain on the sale in the amount of $356,000.

Interest Expense

Interest expense incurred in fiscal 2020 and 2019, consists primarily of interest expense related to the Term Loan from Minnesota Bank & Trust (“MBT”) described more fully described in Note 86 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report.report and capital lease obligations for leased equipment.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the yearyears ended June 30, 2018 is nearer the statutory rates, which represent a blended rate for the rates in existence before2020 and after the December 22, 2017 adoption of the Tax Cuts2019, was consistent at 23% and Jobs Act. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 was significantly lower than the statutory rate primarily because we released a valuation allowance during the year in the amount of $3.3 million. Management concluded that it was more likely than not that substantially all of our deferred tax assets will be realized, in part because in fiscal 2017 we achieved three years of cumulative pre-tax income and we had and continue to have forecasted future income.24%, respectively.

The $2.1 million of income tax benefit recorded to continuing operations for fiscal 2017 consists of the $3.3 million benefit from the reduction of the valuation allowance, including $2.4 million federal benefit and $900,000 state benefit net of federal impact, offset by $900,000 of federal and state income taxes on current year income from continuing operations and by approximately $300,000 of tax expense for a reduction of state tax losses recorded in prior years.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table is a summary of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Cash and Working Capital as of and for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20182020 and 2017:2019:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 20182020 relates primarily to our net income of $1.6$6.1 million, and non-cash asset impairment charge of $1.0 million, the non-cash decrease in deferred income taxes of $391,000, and non-cash depreciation and amortization and stock compensation expense of $557,000$573,000 and $194,000,$286,000, respectively, offset by a gain on collection of a note receivable in the amount of $952,000, an increase in inventory in the amount of $2.0 million due to projected increased demand relating to two of our newest product launches, and an increase in accounts receivable in the amount of $1.1 million. Offsetting the use of cash for inventory purchases and accounts receivable increases, our accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred rent increased by $604,000 and our income taxes payable increased by $642,000, while our prepaid expenses and other assets decreased by $476,000.

Cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2019 was $3.3 million and relates primarily to our net income of $4.1 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization in the amount of $438,000, and the non-cash decrease in the deferred income taxes of $1.4 million, offset by an increase in inventory in the amount of $1.3$1.8 million due to projected increased demand from our largest customer. Offsetting the use of cash for inventory purchases, oursales, and an increase in accounts receivable decreased by $569,000 and our income taxes payable increased by $123,000.of $1.1 million.

Cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2017 was $3.2 million and relates primarily to our net income of $5.1 million offset by the non-cash increase in the deferred income tax receivables of $2.0 million due to the current year reversal of the valuation allowance. The changes in operating assets and liabilities net to a decrease of approximately $125,000.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2020 was $2.3 million and related primarily to the purchase of $2.8 million in marketable equity securities as well as purchases of $519,000 in equipment and leasehold improvements offset by the collection of a previously impaired note receivable due from Monogram in the amount of $952,000.

Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 20182019 was $4.1 million and related to the $1,150,000 Participation Agreement and the additional $350,000 investment made in Monogram more fully described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report. In addition, we invested $923,000 in equipment and $1.7 million in marketable equity securities during the fiscal year.

Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2017 was $1.0$1.2 million. During the 20172019 fiscal year, we invested $663,000$3.0 million in the purchase of marketable equity securities and generated $1.9 million in proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities under the direction of the Investment Committee of our Board, made capital expenditures in the amount of $606,000$1.4 million primarily for manufacturing equipment, and invested $450,000 in Monogram as further described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report. We also sold our OMS division in January 2017 for proceedscollected $1.2 million from collection of $636,000.a note receivable.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During fiscal 2018, we generated $2.3 million inNet cash fromused in financing activities through salesfor fiscal 2020 totaled $4.0 million and related primarily to the $3.4 million repurchase of 231,274 shares of our common stock underpursuant to our ATMshare repurchase program, as well as $630,000 of principal payments on our term loan from Minnesota Bank and Trust (“MBT”) and an equipment lease more fully described in Note 146 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report. We also spent $220,000

Net cash provided by financing activities for fiscal 2019 included $5.0 million in a term loan from MBT more fully described in Note 6 to the Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report, offset by $433,000 of principal payments on the MBT term loan and an equipment lease, as well as $4.0 million related to the repurchase of 33,026 shares of our common stock pursuant to the share repurchase program described in more detail below.

During fiscal 2017, we borrowed and repaid the principal amount of $600,000 from Summit Financial Resources LP (“Summit”) and we spent $312,000 on the repurchase of 63,496322,068 shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program.

Liquidity Requirements for the Next 12 Months

As of June 30, 2018,2020, our working capital was $13.7$17.4 million. We currently believe that our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, together with our account receivable balances, and anticipated cash flows from operations will provide us sufficient funds to satisfy our cash requirements as our business is currently conducted for at least the next 12 months. In addition to our cash and cash equivalent balances, we expect to derive a portion of our liquidity from our cash flows from operations. We may also borrow against our $2.0 million Revolving Loanrevolving loan with Minnesota Bank & TrustMBT, which we anticipate renewing (See Note 156 of Notes to Consolidated Financial statements contained elsewhere in this report).

We are focused on preserving our cash balances by monitoring expenses, identifying cost savings, and investing only in those development programs and products that we believe will most likely contribute to our profitability. As we execute our current strategy, however, we may require debt and/or equity capital to fund our working capital needs and requirements for capital equipment to support our manufacturing and inspection processes. In particular, we have experienced negative operating cash flow in the past, especially as we procure long-lead time materials to satisfy our backlog, which can be subject to extensive variability. We believe that if we need to raise additional capital to fund our operations, we can do so by selling additional shares ofborrow against our common stock through our ATM.revolving loan with MBT.

Surplus Capital Investment Policy

During fiscal 2013, our Board approved a Surplus Capital Investment Policy (the “Policy”) that provides, among other items, for the following:

The Investment Committee is comprised of Messrs. Swenson (Chair), Cabillot, and Van Kirk.

The Investment Committee approved each of the investments comprising the $2.2$4.9 million of marketable public equity securities held at June 30, 2018,2020, which amount includes unrealized holding losses in the amount of $153,000$1.6 million at June 30, 2018.2020.

In September 2013,December 2019, our Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing the Companyus to repurchase up to 750,0001 million shares of our common stock, under parameters to be determinedas the prior repurchase plan, authorized by our Board in 2013, authorizing the Investment Committee. repurchase of 750,000 shares of common stock was nearing completion. In accordance with, and as part of, thisthese share repurchase program,programs, our Board has approved the adoption of several prearranged share repurchase plans intended to qualify for the safe harbor Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“10b5-1 Plan” or “Plan”). During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, our Board approved a 10b5-1 Plan, which became effective on September 8, 2016 and terminated on the earlier of September 8, 2017 or when and if the maximum shares were repurchased. During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Investment Committee of our Board approved an additional concurrently running 10b5-1 Plan, which became effective on December 8, 2016 and terminated on the earlier of December 8, 2017 or when and if the maximum shares were repurchased. In February 2017 our Board terminated the two effective 10b5-1 Plans in conjunction with the approval of the Company’s ATM (described further in Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial statements contained elsewhere in this report).

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017,2020, we repurchased 63,496 shares at an aggregate cost of $312,000, inclusive of fees under the Plans.

On March 9, 2018, the Investment Committee of our Board approved a 10b5-1 Plan, which became effective on March 14, 2018 and terminates on the earlier of March 13, 2019 or when and if the maximum shares are repurchased. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, we repurchased 33,026231,274 shares at an aggregate cost, inclusive of fees under the planPlan, of $220,000.$3.4 million. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, we repurchased 322,068 shares at an aggregate cost, inclusive of fees under the Plan, of $4.0 million. On a cumulative basis, we have repurchased a total of 265,983819,325 shares under the share repurchase programprograms at an aggregate cost, inclusive of $1.1fess under the Plan, of $8.5 million. All repurchases under the 10b5-1 Plans were administered through an independent broker.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09,On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, (Topic 842) “Revenue from Contracts with CustomersLeases, which outlines” using a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue depicting the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires enhanced revenue-related disclosures. Application of the guidance in ASU 2014-09 is expected to require more judgment and estimates within the revenue recognition process compared to existing GAAP. We primarily sell finished products and recognize revenue at point of sale or delivery and this is not expected to change under the new standard. We also perform services when we are engaged to design a product for a customer. Typically, in those cases we have historically deferred revenue until project or milestone completion. Under the new standard we expect that revenue may be earned throughout the process using an over-time revenue recognition model. The new standard will be adopted in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective method of adoption, and we will recognize theapproach through a cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to opening retained earnings as of July 1, 2018. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, except for expanded disclosures related to revenue in order to comply with the new guidance.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, (Topic 842)Leases.beginning of fiscal 2020. The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The impact of adoption was an increase to long-term assets and total liabilities each in the amount of approximately $3.3 million as of July 1, 2019.

On July 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, (Topic 606) "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." This ASU is effectiveguidance outlines a single, comprehensive model of accounting for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing arevenue from contracts with customers. We adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach. However,transition method, under which prior periods were not revised to reflect the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 on July 30, 2018, which allows entitiesimpacts of the new standard. Our revenue is primarily generated from the sale of finished product to apply the provisions of ASC 842customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single delivery element and revenue is recognized at the effective date without adjusting comparative periods. Whilea single point in time when ownership, risks and rewards transfer. We also perform services when we are stillengaged to design a product for a customer and there is more judgment involved in determining the processamount and timing of evaluatingrevenue recognition under those types of contracts. In fiscal 2020, the effectrevenue from these activities represented approximately 2% of adoption on our consolidated financial statements and are currently assessing our leases, we expecttotal revenue. Accordingly, the adoption will lead to a material increase intiming of revenue recognition is not materially impacted by the assets and liabilities recorded on our consolidated balance sheet.new standard.

In August 2016,No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230),Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.This update provides guidance on eight specific cash flow issues: (1) debt prepaymentfiscal year had or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon bonds; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the application of this guidanceexpected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.Financial Statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-09,Compensation-Stock Compensation(Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). The update provides guidance as to which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award should be accounted for as a modification under Topic 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of an award as an equity or liability instrument are the same immediately before and after the modification. The standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted and prospective application is required. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

PRO-DEX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Pro-Dex, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pro-Dex, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2018,2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial“financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of June 30, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Change in Accounting Principle

As disclosed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases for the year ended June 30, 2020, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 842.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our auditsin accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidatedfinancial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidatedfinancial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidatedfinancial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.