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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212022

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission File Number: 001-35654

NATIONAL BANK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

27-0563799

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

7800 East Orchard Road, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone, including area code:

(303892-8715

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A Common Stock, Par Value $0.01

NBHC

New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

If securitiesare registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes      No  

As of June 30, 2021,2022, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $1,139,000,000$1,128,000,000 based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of February 21, 2022,24, 2023, NBHC had outstanding 29,959,01037,608,519 shares of Class A voting common stock with $0.01 par value per share, excluding 143,710164,870 shares of restricted Class A common stock issued but not yet vested.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 20222023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 20212022 will be incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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INDEX

Page

Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward Looking Statements

3

PART I

Item 1.

Business

5

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

2021

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

34

Item 2.

Properties

34

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

3534

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

3534

PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

3534

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

3736

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

4543

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

7069

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

7170

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

124131

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

124131

Item 9B.

Other Information

127134

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

127134

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

127134

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters

127134

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

127134

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

127134

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

128135

Signatures

131139

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “predict,” “seek,” “potential,” “will,” “estimate,” “target,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “intend” and similar words or phrases. These statements are only predictions and involve estimates, known and unknown risks, assumptions and uncertainties. We have based these statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, business strategy and growth prospects.

Forward-looking statements involve certain important risks, uncertainties and other factors, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements and, therefore, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

       our ability to execute our business strategy, including our digital strategy, as well as changes in our business

strategy or development plans;

       business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry;

       effects of any potential government shutdowns;

       economic, market, operational, liquidity, credit and interest rate risks associated with our business;business, including increased competition for deposits due to prevailing interest rates;

       effects of any changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board;

       changes imposed by regulatory agencies to increase our capital to a level greater than the current level required for well-capitalized financial institutions;

       effects of inflation, including its associated impact on labor costs, as well as, interest rate, securities market and monetary supply fluctuations;

       changes in the economy or supply-demand imbalances affecting local real estate values;

       changes in consumer spending, borrowings and savings habits;

       with respect to our mortgage business, our inability to negotiate our fees with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae or other investors for the purchase of our loans, our obligation to indemnify purchasers or to repurchase the related loans if the loans fail to meet certain criteria, or higher rate of delinquencies and defaults as a result of the geographic concentration of our servicing portfolio;

       our ability to identify potential candidates for, obtain regulatory approval for, and consummate, acquisitions, consolidations or other expansion opportunities on attractive terms, or at all;

       our ability to integrate acquisitions, such as Community Bancorporation and Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated (the “2022 Mergers”), or consolidations and to achieve synergies, operating efficiencies and/or other expected benefits within expected time-frames, or at all, or within expected cost projections, and to preserve the goodwill of acquired financial institutions;

       business disruption following the 2022 Mergers;

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       our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from enhancements or updates to our core operating systems from time to time without significant change in our client service or risk to our control environment;

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       our dependence on information technology and telecommunications systems of third-party service providers and the risk of system failures, interruptions or breaches of security, including those that could result in disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary client or other information;

       our ability to achieve organic loan and deposit growth and the competition for, and composition of, such growth;

       changes in sources and uses of funds, including loans, deposits and borrowings;

       increased competition in the financial services industry, nationally, regionally or locally, resulting in, among other things, lower returns;

       continued consolidation in the financial services industry;

       our ability to maintain or increase market share and control expenses;

       the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and other accounting standard setters;

       the trading price of shares of the Company's stock;

       the effects of tax legislation, including the potential of future increaseschanges to prevailing tax rates, or challenges to our

position;positions;

       our ability to realize deferred tax assets or the need for a valuation allowance, or the effects of changes in tax laws on our deferred tax assets;

       costs and effects of changes in laws and regulations and of other legal and regulatory developments, including, but not limited to, changes in regulation that affect the fees that we charge, the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries, and the results of regulatory examinations, reviews or other inquiries; and changes in regulations that apply to us as a Colorado state-chartered bank and a Wyoming state-chartered bank;

       technological changes;

       the timely development and acceptance of new products and services, including in the digital technology space and our digital solution 2UniFiSM, and perceived overall value of these products and services by our clients;

       changes in our management personnel and our continued ability to attract, hire and retain qualified personnel;

       ability to implement and/or improve operational management and other internal risk controls and processes and our reporting system and procedures;

       regulatory limitations on dividends from our bank subsidiary;subsidiaries;

       changes in estimates of future credit reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements;

       widespread natural and other disasters, dislocations, political instability, pandemics, acts of war or terrorist activities, cyberattacks or international hostilities through impacts on the economy and financial markets generally or on us or our counterparties specifically;

       adverse effects due to the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) on the Company and its clients, counterparties, employees and third-party service providers, and the adverse impacts on our business, financial position, results of operations and prospects;

a cyber-security incident, data breach or a failure of a key information technology system;

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       impact of reputational risk on such matters as business generation and retention;

       other risks and uncertainties listed from time to time in the Company’s reports and documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and

       our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances, except as required by applicable law.

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.       BUSINESS.

Summary

National Bank Holdings Corporation ("NBHC" or the "Company") is a financial holding company that was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 2009. The Company is headquartered in Greenwood Village, Colorado, and its primary operations are conducted through its wholly owned subsidiary,subsidiaries, NBH Bank (the "Bank"and Bank of Jackson Hole Trust (“the Banks”). The Company provides a variety of banking products and services to both commercial and consumer clients through a network of 81over 95 banking centers, as of December 31, 2021,2022, located primarily in Colorado and the greater Kansas City region, Utah, Wyoming, Texas, New Mexico and Idaho, as well as through online and mobile banking products and services. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we had $9.6 billion in assets, $7.2 billion in assets, $4.5 billion in loans, $6.2$7.9 billion in deposits, $1.1 billion in shareholders’ equity and $0.8 billion in shareholders’ equity.of trust and wealth management assets under management.

During 2021, we announcedNBH Bank is a Colorado state-chartered bank and a member of the initial developmentFederal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) of Kansas City. We operate under the following brand names as divisions of NBH Bank: in Colorado, Community Banks of Colorado and Community Banks Mortgage; in Kansas and Missouri, Bank Midwest and Bank Midwest Mortgage; in Wyoming, Bank of Jackson Hole and Bank of Jackson Hole Mortgage; and in Texas, Utah, New Mexico and Idaho, Hillcrest Bank and Hillcrest Bank Mortgage.

Bank of Jackson Hole Trust (“BOJHT”) is a Wyoming state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Our trust and wealth business currently operates under the Wyoming charter as Bank of Jackson Hole Trust and Bank of Jackson Hole Trust and Wealth Partners.

The Company continues to develop our digital solution 2UniFiSM, a national platform for providing information management and access to blockchain payment toolsbanking services to small and medium-sized businesses.businesses, digital payment tools and financial services information management. We believe these services will address borrowings, depository and cash management needs for our clients by providing digital access to financial services, real-time information and blockchaindigital payment solutions. We continue to focus on growing our core business while also innovating and building partnerships that will help us deliver a comprehensive digital financial ecosystem.

NBH Bank is a Colorado state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. We operate under a single state charter through the following brand names as divisions of NBH Bank: in Colorado, Community Banks of Colorado and Community Banks Mortgage; in Kansas and Missouri, Bank Midwest and Bank Midwest Mortgage; and in Texas, Utah and New Mexico, Hillcrest Bank and Hillcrest Bank Mortgage. We believe that conducting our banking operations under a single state charter streamlines our operations and enables us to more effectively and efficiently execute our growth strategy.Our Acquisitions

We began banking operations in October 2010 and, as of December 31, 2021,2022, we have completed sixeight bank acquisitions. We have transformed these banks into one collective banking operation with a strong capital position, organic growth, prudent underwriting, a granular and well-diversified loan portfolio and meaningful market share with continued opportunity for expansion.

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Rock Canyon Bank Acquisition

On September 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Community Bancorporation, the bank holding company of Utah-based Rock Canyon Bank (“RCB”). Immediately following the completion of the acquisition, RCB merged into NBH Bank. Pursuant to the merger agreement executed in April 2022, the Company paid $16.1 million of cash consideration and issued 3,096,745 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding common stock of Community Bancorporation. The transaction was valued at $140.4 million in the aggregate, based on the Company’s closing price of $40.13 on August 31, 2022.

Bank of Jackson Hole Acquisition

On October 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Bancshares of Jackson Hole, the bank holding company of Wyoming-based Bank of Jackson Hole (“BOJH”). Pursuant to the merger agreement executed in March 2022, the Company paid $51.0 million of cash consideration and issued 4,391,964 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding common stock of Bancshares of Jackson Hole. The transaction was valued at $213.4 million in the aggregate, based on the Company’s closing price of $36.99 on September 30, 2022. Immediately following the closing of the acquisition, BOJH sold substantially of all its assets and liabilities to NBH Bank, with the exception of assets and liabilities related to its trust business. Effective October 1, 2022, BOJH was renamed as Bank of Jackson Hole Trust. The Bank of Jackson Hole Trust also operates under the brand Jackson Hole Trust.

All of our acquisitions were accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and accordingly, all assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values and the fair value discounts/premiums on loans are being accreted over the lives of the loans.

Our Market Area

Our core markets are broadly defined as Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Utah, Wyoming, Texas, UtahNew Mexico and New Mexico.Idaho. We are the third largest banking center network among Colorado-based banks and the ninthsixth largest banking center network in the greater Kansas City metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) among Missouri- and Kansas-based banks ranked by deposits as of June 30, 20212022 (the last date as of which data are available), according to S&P Global. Other major MSAs in which we operate include Salt Lake City, Utah; Jackson, Wyoming; Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas; Boise City, ID and Austin-Round Rock, Texas; and Salt Lake City, Utah.Texas.

We believe that our established presence in our markets positions us well for growth opportunities. An integral component of our foundation and growth strategy has been to capitalize on market opportunities and acquire financial services franchises. Our primary focus has been on markets that we believe are characterized by some or all of the following: (i) attractive demographics with household income and population growth above the national average; (ii) concentration of business

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activity; (iii) high quality deposit bases; (iv) an advantageous competitive landscape that provides opportunity to achieve meaningful market presence; (v) consolidation opportunities as well as potential for add-on transactions; and (vi) markets sizeable enough to support our long-term organic growth objectives.

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The table below describes certain key demographic statistics regarding our markets:

    

    

    

    

    

Top 3

    

    

    

    

    

Top 3

competitor

competitor

# of

Median

combined

# of

Median

combined

Deposits

businesses

Population

Unemployment

Population

household

deposit

Deposits

businesses

Population

Unemployment

Population

household

deposit

(billions)

(thousands)

(millions)

rate(1)

    

growth(2)

    

income

market share

(billions)

(thousands)

(millions)

rate(1)

    

growth(2)

    

income

market share

Denver, CO

$

122.0

 

197.5

 

3.0

 

4.9%

17.3%

$

86,603

 

54%

$

126.8

 

160.5

 

3.0

 

3.3%

16.7%

$

95,551

 

52%

Front Range, CO(3)

 

164.1

 

> 250.0

 

4.8

 

4.8%

18.5%

 

83,721

 

52%

 

170.6

 

> 250.0

 

4.8

 

3.3%

17.2%

 

92,157

 

51%

Kansas City, MO-KS MSA

 

81.9

 

112.6

 

2.2

 

3.4%

5.1%

 

72,051

 

45%

 

85.8

 

101.4

 

2.2

 

2.7%

8.0%

 

76,169

 

45%

Austin, TX

61.7

116.3

2.3

3.4%

29.6%

85,670

51%

71.0

96.2

2.4

2.9%

31.7%

91,096

50%

Dallas, TX

426.6

> 250.0

7.7

4.3%

15.7%

75,727

62%

430.5

> 250.0

7.8

3.4%

17.9%

81,205

62%

Salt Lake City, UT

73.6

64.7

1.3

1.8%

13.9%

82,244

76%

65.8

55.1

1.3

2.2%

13.9%

88,921

78%

Jackson, WY-ID

4.4

3.0

0.0

-

12.0%

93,322

74%

Boise City, ID

18.4

113.2

0.8

2.6%

25.7%

73,973

53%

U.S.(4)

 

3.9%

6.5%

 

67,761

 

56%

 

3.5%

6.8%

 

72,465

 

57%

(1)

    

Unemployment data is as of December 31, 2021.2022.

(2)

    

For the period 20112012 through 2021.2022.

(3)

    

Colorado Front Range is a population weighted average of the following Colorado MSAs: Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Fort Collins and Greeley.

(4)

    

Top 3 competitor combined deposit market share based on U.S. Top 20 MSAs (determined by population).

Source: S&P Global as of December 31, 2021,2022, except Deposits and Top 3 Competitor Combined Deposit Market Shares, which reflects data as of June 30, 2021.2022.

Our Business Strategy

As part of our goal of becoming a leading regional community financial services company, we seek to continue to generate strong organic growth, as well as pursue selective acquisitions of financial institutions and other complementary businesses. Our focus is on building organic growth through strong banking relationships with small- and medium-sized businesses and consumers in our primary markets, while maintaining a low-risk profile designed to generate reliable income streams and attractive returns.

While we remain focused on executing on our business strategies, in 2021 we continued to support our associates, clients, and communities as we navigated the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to leverage our digital banking platform with our clients and have been working diligently to support our clients who were experiencing financial hardship through participation in the Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) including assistance with PPP loan forgiveness applications for the first draw loans, PPP loan applications for the second draw and loan modifications, as needed.

The key components of our strategic plan are:

Focus on client-centered, relationship-driven banking strategy. Our business and commercial bankers focus on small- and medium-sized businesses with an advisory approach that emphasizes understanding the client’s business and offering a complete array of loan, deposit and treasury management products and services. Our business and commercial bankers are supported by treasury management teams in each of their markets, which allows us to more effectively deliver a comprehensive suite of products and services to our business clients and further deepen our banking relationships. Our consumer bankers focus on knowing their clients in order to best meet their financial needs, offering a full complement of loan, deposit, online and mobile banking solutions.

Expansion of commercial banking, business banking and specialty businesses. We have made significant investments in our commercial relationship managers, as well as developed significant capabilities across our

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business banking and several specialty commercial banking offerings. Our strategy is to originate a high-quality loan portfolio that is diversified across industries and granular in loan size. We have preferred lender status with the SBASmall Business Administration (“SBA”) providing a leveraged platform for growth in the business lending segment. We believe we are well-positioned to leverage our operating and risk management infrastructure through organic growth, and we intend to continue to add or repurpose our commercial relationship managers to higher growth opportunities and markets in order to drive increased profitability.

Expansion through organic growth, competitive product and digital offerings. We believe that our focus on serving consumers and small- to medium-sized businesses, coupled with our competitive product offerings, includingtrust and wealth

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management services offered through Bank of Jackson Hole Trust and our digital solution 2UniFiSM, will provide an expanded revenue base and new sources of fee income. We conduct regular market and competitive analysis to determine which products and services are best suited for our clients. Our teams also continue to pursue opportunities to deepen client relationships, which we believe will further increase our organic loan origination volumes and attract new transaction accounts that offer lower cost of funds and higher fee generating activity.

Expansion through our digital solution 2UniFi.2UniFiSM. We are designing a platform for small and medium-sized businesses that we believe will increase access to financial services while reducing the costs of banking services. We are focused on providing small and medium-sized businesses with alternative digital access to address borrowing, depository and cash management needs, while also providing information management and access to blockchaindigital payment tools, under the safety of a regulated bank. We will continue to invest with fintech solution providers to support our ecosystem buildout, support our core bank products and offerings, and to leverage efficiencies and technological solutions in our shared services areas. We believe the expansion into the digital financial ecosystem through our platform will provide an expanded revenue base, new sources of fee income and drive growth in our low cost deposit base on a national scale.

Continue to strengthen profitability through organic growth and operating efficiencies. We continue to utilize our comprehensive underwriting and risk management processes under one operating platform while maintaining local branding and leadership, which allows us to support growth and realize operating efficiencies throughout our enterprise. We believe that we have the infrastructure in place to support our future revenue growth without causing non-interest expenses to increase by a corresponding amount. Our growth strategy is focused on organic initiatives in order to accelerate our growth in profitability. Key priorities to strengthen profitability include the continued ramp-up of loan production, growing low-costlower-cost core deposits, implementing additional fee-based business initiatives and further enhancing operational efficiencies, including banking center consolidations.

Maintain conservative risk profile and sound risk management practices. Strong risk management is an important element of our operating philosophy. We maintain a conservative risk culture with adherence to comprehensive and seasoned policies across all areas of the organization. We implement self-imposed concentration limits on our loan portfolio to ensure a granular and diverse loan portfolio and protect against downside risk to any particular industry or real estate sector. In light of the strain placed on certain industries by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has prudently evaluated and continues to closely monitor our entire loan portfolio. To manage credit risk and yield, we are taking a very careful approach to extending new credit. Our risk management approach seeks to identify, assess and mitigate risk and minimize any resulting losses. We have implemented processes to identify, measure, monitor, report and analyze the types of risk to which we are subject. We believe our risk management policies establish appropriate limitations that allow for the prudent oversight of such risks that include, but are not limited to the following: credit, liquidity, market, operational, legal and compliance, reputational, and strategic and business risk.

Pursue disciplined acquisitions or other expansionary opportunities. We expect that acquisitions or other expansionary opportunities will continuecan be complimentary to be a component of our growth strategy. We intend to carefully select opportunities that we believe have stable core franchises, have significant growth potential or will add asset generation capabilities or fee income streams while structuring the opportunities to limit risk. Further, we seek transactions that offer opportunities for clear financial benefits with valuations that have acceptable levels of earnings accretion, tangible book value dilution/earn-back, and internal rates of return. We seek to acquire or expand into financial services franchises in markets that exhibit attractive demographic attributes and business growth trends, and we believe that our focus on attractive markets will provide long-term opportunities for organic growth.

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Our main focus is on our primary markets of Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Texas, Utah, andWyoming, New Mexico and Idaho, including teams, asset portfolios, specialty commercial finance businesses, and whole banks. From time to time, we also consider other types of opportunities that would be expected to improve our profitability, leverage greater scale and/or leverage technology to grow our digital offerings.

We believe our strategy of strong organic growth through the retention, expansion and development of client-centered relationships and growth through selective acquisitions or other expansionary opportunities in attractive markets provides flexibility regardless of economic conditions. Our established platform for assessing, executing and integrating acquisitions creates opportunities in an economic downturn, and our attractive market factors, franchise scale in our targeted markets and our relationship-centered banking focus create opportunities in an improving economic environment. While the pandemiccurrent

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inflationary environment has created operating stress for many businesses, our teams continually monitor the financial health of our clients in order to manage the increased risk presented by the pandemic and its impact to the global economy.risk. Our strong capital and liquidity have allowed us to prudently navigate a challengingan uncertain economy, and we believe we are well positioned to continue to support our clients and communities.

Products and Services

Through theNBH Bank, our primary business is to offer a full range of banking products and financial services to our commercial, business and consumer clients, who are predominantly located in Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Utah, Wyoming, Texas, UtahNew Mexico and New Mexico.Idaho. Through the Bank of Jackson Hole Trust, our primary business is to provide trust and wealth management services to our clients. We conduct our banking business through 81with over 95 banking centers with 40 of those located in Colorado, 34 in Kansas and Missouri, two in Texas, one in Utah and four in New Mexicoacross our footprint as of December 31, 2021.2022. Our distribution network also includes 121129 ATMs as well as fully integrated online banking and mobile banking services. We offer a high level of personalized service to our clients through our relationship managers and banking center associates. We believe that a personalized banking relationship that includes multiple services, such as loan and deposit services, online and mobile banking solutions, and treasury management products and services and trust and wealth management services, is the key to profitable and long-lasting client relationships and that our local focus and decision making provide us with a competitive advantage over banks that do not have these attributes.

Our primary strategic objective is to serve small- to medium-sized businesses in our markets with a variety of unique and useful services, including a full array of banking products, while maintaining a strong and disciplined credit culture and delivering excellent client service. We offer a variety of products and services that are focused on the following areas:

Commercial and Specialty Banking

Our commercial bankers focus on small- and medium-sized businesses and commercial real estate investors/developers with an advisory approach that emphasizes understanding the client’s business and offering a complete suite of loan, deposit and treasury management products and services. We have invested significantly in our commercial banking capabilities, attracting experienced commercial bankers from competing institutions in our markets, which positions us well for continued growth in our originated loan portfolio. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, our teams have also been working diligently to support our clients who are experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 through participation in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program, including assistance with PPP loan forgiveness applications, and loan modifications, as needed. Our commercial relationship managers offer a wide range of commercial loan products, including:

Commercial and Industrial Loans—We originate commercial and industrial loans and leases, including working capital loans, equipment loans, lender finance loans, food and agribusiness loans, government and non-profit loans, owner occupied commercial real estate loans and other commercial loans and leases. The terms of these loans vary by purpose and by type of underlying collateral, if any.

Working capital loans generally have terms of one to three years, are usually secured by accounts receivable and inventory and carry the personal guarantees of the principals of the business. Equipment loans are generally secured by the financed equipment at advance rates that we believe are appropriate for the equipment type. In the case of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, we are usually the primary provider of financial services for the company and/or the principals and the primary source of repayment is through the cash flows generated by the borrowers’ business operations. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are typically secured by a first lien mortgage on real property plus assignments of all leases

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related to the properties. Underwriting guidelines generally require borrowers to contribute cash equity that results in an 80% or less loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio on owner-occupied properties. As of December 31, 2021,2022, substantially all of our commercial and industrial loans were secured.

Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate Loans—Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans (“CRE”) consist of loans to finance the purchase of commercial real estate and development loans. Our non-owner occupied CRE loans include commercial properties such as office buildings, warehouse/distribution buildings, multi-family, hospitality and retail buildings. These loans are typically secured by a first lien mortgage or deed of trust, as well as assignments of all related leases. Underwriting guidelines generally require borrowers to contribute cash equity that results in the lessor of a 75% or less loan to cost or loan to value ratio.

We seek to reduce the risks associated with commercial mortgage lending by focusing our lending in our primary markets. Although non-owner occupied CRE is not a primary focus of our lending strategy, we have developed teams of dedicated

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CRE bankers in each of our markets who possess the depth and breadth of both market knowledge and industry expertise, which serves to further mitigate risk of this product type.

Small Business Administration Loans—We offer a range of U.S. Small Business Administration, or SBA loans, to support manufacturers, distributors and service providers targeted to small businesses and entrepreneurs seeking growth capital, working capital, or other capital investments. As a Preferred Lender Provider of the SBA, we wereare able to expedite SBA loan approval, closing, and servicing functions through delegated authority to underwrite and approve loans on behalf of the SBA. We utilize the SBA 7(a) loan, SBA 504 loan, SBA Express loan, and CAP Line loan programs. During 2021In addition to the SBA program, we also originate U.S. Department of Agriculture and 2020, we participated in the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program by offering PPP loans to provide support and funding to our clients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our approach to PPP loans has been to provide the greatest value to our clients both with a thorough and efficient PPP loan origination process and through efficient and expeditious PPP forgiveness.Farm Service Agency loans.

Commercial Deposit and Treasury Management Products (including business online and mobile banking)—Our commercial bankers are focused on providing value-added deposit products to our clients that optimize their cash management program. We are focused on full-relationship banking, including banking core operating accounts and ancillary accounts. We also provide our commercial clients with money market accounts and short-term repurchase reserve accounts depending on their individual needs. In addition, we provide a wide array of treasury management solutions to our clients, including: business online and mobile banking, commercial credit card services, wire transfers, automated clearing house services, electronic bill payment, lock box services, remote deposit capture services, merchant processing services, cash vault, controlled disbursements, fraud prevention services through positive pay and other auxiliary services, such as account reconciliation, collections, repurchase accounts, zero balance accounts and sweep accounts.

Business Loans—Business loans consist of term loans, line of credit, and real estate secured loans. The terms of these loans vary by purpose and by type of underlying collateral, if any. Business loans generally require LTV ratios of not more than 75 percent. Business loans also assist in the growth of our deposits because many business loan borrowers establish noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts and treasury management relationships with us. Those deposit accounts help us to reduce our overall cost of funds, and those treasury management relationships provide us with a source of non-interest income.

Residential and Personal Banking

Our personal bankers focus on knowing their clients in order to best meet their financial needs, offering a full complement of loan, deposit and online and mobile banking solutions. We strive to do business in the areas served by our banking centers, which is also where our marketing is focused, and the vast majority of our new loan and deposit clients are located in existing market areas.

All of our newly originated consumer loans are on a direct to consumer basis. We offer a variety of consumer loans, including:

Residential Real Estate Loans—Residential real estate loans consist of loans secured by the primary or secondary residence of the borrower as well as properties the borrower holds for investment. These loans consist of closed loans, which are

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typically amortizing over a 10 to 30-year term. Our LTV benchmark for these loans will generally be below 80% at inception unless related to certain internal or government programs where higher LTV’s may be warranted, along with satisfactory debt-to-income ratios. These residential real estate loans are generally originated under terms and conditions consistent with secondary market guidelines. Some of these loans will be placed in the Bank’s loan portfolio; however, a majority are sold in the secondary market and provide a significant source of fee income. The majority of loans sold are sold with servicing released. We have residential banking products, servicing capabilities and residential loan origination channels. In addition to the referral business through our existing consumer client base, we have a dedicated team of mortgage bankers who focus origination efforts primarily on new purchase activity and secondarily on refinance activity. We also offer open- and closed-ended home equity loans, which are loans generally secured by second lien positions on residential real estate, and residential construction loans to consumers and builders for the construction of residential real estate. We do not originate or purchase negatively amortizing or sub-prime residential loans.

Consumer Loans—Consumer loans are structured as small personal lines of credit and term loans, with the latter generally bearing interest at a higher rate and having a shorter term than residential mortgage loans. Consumer loans are both secured (for example by deposit accounts, brokerage accounts or automobiles) and unsecured and carry either a fixed rate or variable

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rate. Examples of our consumer loans include home improvement loans not secured by real estate, new and used automobile loans and personal lines of credit.

Deposit Products (including online and mobile banking)—We offer a variety of deposit products to our clients, including checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, health savings accounts and other deposit accounts, including fixed-rate, fixed maturity time deposits ranging in terms from 30 days to five years, and individual retirement accounts. We view deposits as an important part of the overall client relationship and believe they provide opportunities to cross-sell other products and services. We intend to continue our efforts to attract low-costlower-cost transaction deposits from our client relationships. Consumer deposit flows are significantly influenced by general and local economic conditions, changes in prevailing interest rates, internal pricing decisions and competition. Our deposits are primarily obtained from areas surrounding our banking centers. In order to attract and retain deposits, we rely on providing competitively priced high-quality service and introducing new products and services that meet our clients' needs.

We also offer comprehensive, user-friendly mobile and online banking platforms allowing our clients to pay bills, check statements, deposit checks and transfer funds, amongst other features, online or on-the-go.

Trust and Wealth Management Services

With the acquisition of Bank of Jackson Hole Trust, the Company expanded the offerings available to clients with the addition of trust, estate and wealth management services. Our trust and wealth team rounds out the full-service offerings to provide the full spectrum of tools and support required for all our clients’ financial needs.

Lending Activities

Our loan portfolio includes commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, business loans and consumer loans. The principal risk evaluated with each category of loans we make is the creditworthiness of the borrower. Borrower creditworthiness is affected by general economic conditions and the attributes of the borrower’s market or industry segment. Attributes of the relevant business market or industry segment include the economic and competitive environment, changes to supply or demand, threat of substitutes and barriers to entry and exit. In our credit underwriting process, we carefully evaluate the borrower’s industry, operating performance, liquidity and financial condition. We underwrite credits based on multiple repayment sources, including operating cash flow, liquidation of collateral and guarantor support, where appropriate. We closely monitor the operating performance, liquidity and financial condition of borrowers through analysis of periodic financial statements and meetings with the borrower’s management. As part of our credit underwriting process, we also review the borrower’s total debt obligations on a global basis. Our credit policy requires that key risks be identified and measured, documented and mitigated, to the extent possible, to seek to ensure the soundness of our loan portfolio.

Our credit policy also provides detailed procedures for making loans to individual and business clients along with the regulatory requirements to ensure that all loan applications are evaluated subject to our fair lending policy. Our credit policy addresses the common credit standards for making loans to clients, the credit analysis and financial statement requirements, the collateral requirements, including insurance coverage where appropriate, as well as the documentation required. Our ability to analyze a borrower’s current financial health and credit history, as well as the value of collateral as a secondary source of repayment, when applicable, are significant factors in determining the creditworthiness of loans to clients. We require various levels of internal approvals based on the characteristics of such loans, including the size, nature of the exposure and type of collateral, if any. We believe that the procedures required by our credit policies enhance internal

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responsibility and accountability for underwriting decisions and permit us to monitor the performance of credit decision-making. An integral element of our credit risk management strategy is the establishment and adherence to concentration limits for our portfolio. We have established concentration limits that apply to our portfolio based on product types such as commercial real estate, consumer lending, and various categories of commercial and industrial lending. For more detail on our credit policies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Financial Condition-Asset Quality.”

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Competition

The banking landscape in our primary markets of Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Utah, Texas, Utah andWyoming, New Mexico and Idaho is highly competitive and quite fragmented, with many small banks having limited market share while the large out-of-state national and super-regional banks control the majority of deposits and profitable banking relationships. We compete actively with national, regional and local financial services providers, including: banks, thrifts, credit unions, mortgage companies, finance companies and financial technology (“fintech”) companies.

Competition among providers of financial products and services continues to increase, with consumers having the opportunity to select from a variety of traditional brick and mortar banks and nontraditional alternatives, such as online banks and fintech companies. Competition among providers is based on many factors. The primary factors driving commercial and consumer competition for loans and deposits are interest rates, the fees charged, client service levels and the range of products and services offered. In addition, other competitive factors include the location and hours of our banking centers, the client service orientation of our associates and the availability of digital banking products and services. We believe the most important of these competitive factors that determine our success are our consumer bankers’ focus on knowing their individual clients in order to best meet their financial needs and our business and commercial bankers’ focus on small- and medium-sized businesses with an advisory approach that emphasizes understanding the client’s business and offering a complete array of loan, deposit and treasury management products and services through our banking centers and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, our digital banking platform.

We recognize that there are banks and other financial services companies with which we compete that have greater financial resources, access to more capital and higher lending capacity and offer a wider range of deposit and lending instruments. However, given our existing capital base, we expect to be able to meet the majority of small- to medium-sized business and consumer credit and depository service needs.

Human Capital

Our core values Integrity, Meritocracy, Teamwork and Citizenship, represent our belief that our Company’s long-term success is deeply tied to having a dedicated and engaged workforce and a commitment to the communities we serve. We are committed to building and contributing to a healthy workplace environment for our associates by investing in competitive compensation and benefit packages, promoting inclusion of diverse viewpoints and backgrounds, providing training and career development opportunities and promoting qualified associates within our organization.

Associate Statistics

We are committed to attracting, developing, and retaining associates who reflect the communities in which we serve. Partnerships with professional associations, schools and universities imbedded within our local footprint, and the use of various technology solutions assist us in connecting and building relationships with a diverse pool of candidates. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we employed 1,1201,255 full-time and 3467 part-time associates throughout our business footprint.

The market for top talent is highly competitive. We recognize that workforce turnover is not only financially costly, but it does not align with our commitment to our team. We believe we are best served when we can invest through meritocracy within our current talent pool. The average tenure of service of our associates is approximately sevensix years.

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Equity, Diversity and Inclusion

We strongly believe that equity, diversity and inclusion are important elements in building and sustaining a successful organization and positive, results-driven culture. Additionally, equity, diversity and inclusion helps us to connect and build better relationships within our Company and communities. As a result of our efforts:

68%64% of the Company’s workforce is female and 56%54% of the Company’s managerial roles are female, as of December 31, 2021.2022.
Minorities represent 22%23% of the Company’s workforce and 19%21% of the Company’s managerial roles, as of December 31, 2021.2022.

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In 2021,2022, we hired 382426 associates, and 70%66% of those new associates were female and 35% were minorities.
In 2021, 251 associates, or 22% of our workforce, were promoted, and 68% of those individuals were female and 25%34% were minorities.

The Company oversees its Equity, Diversity and Inclusion efforts through our broader Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Committee that is comprised of a multi-disciplinary group of associates throughout NBH Bank with oversight by the executive management team. To further our diversity goals for our workforce, the Company has also implemented programs developed to foster equality and leadership opportunities for the entire associate base, including associate peer networks, events with keynote speakers, panels and Q&A forums to enable associate feedback. Our management team also plays an integral part in championing women in business by hosting networking events, serving on panels and sponsoring relevant events that foster understanding and engagement, such as the ATHENA leadership awards.engagement.

Associate Development and Training

We believe that building the best team requires investing in our associates’ professional development. Associates have access to our learning center, NBH University, which offers a variety of courses that center around professional development. Additionally, we have connection mentors in place to assist new associates with expanding their network, building professional skills, helping navigate the organization and assist in onboarding.

Compensation and Benefits

Our Company offers comprehensive benefits packages to our associates, including medical and prescription drug insurance, dental insurance and vision insurance as well as several voluntary benefit options. Our compensation structure recognizes the individual performance of our associates through merit-based salary increases with a focus on variable pay and paying for performance.

We also encourage our associates to think about their long-term financial stability. Our associates have the opportunity to participate in our 401(k) plan, which includes contribution matches from the Company. Additionally, we offer a stock purchase plan (ASPP)(ESPP) to our associates which allows those who work 20 hours or more per week to purchase shares in our Company through payroll deductions at a 10% discount.

Community Engagement

We strive to make a positive impact in the communities we serve through consistent engagement, as well as maintaining strong partnerships with a wide range of charitable organizations and causes. All bank associates are granted up to eight paid hours each year to donate their time to non-profit organizations that align with our Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) initiatives, which include financial literacy, affordable housing and workforce development.

Safety and Respect in the Workplace

We are committed to providing a safe and secure work environment in accordance with applicable labor, safety, health, anti-discrimination and other workplace laws. We strive for all of our associates to feel safe and empowered at work. To that end, we maintain a whistleblower hotline that allows associates and others to anonymously voice concerns. We prohibit retaliation against an individual who reported a concern or assisted with an inquiry or investigation.

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Our Company made workplace safety a priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adhered to applicable health and governmental guidelines with respect to wearing masks and quarantines. We maintained our drive-thru services, and, when circumstances warranted, we requested our clients access our banking center lobbies by appointment only. In addition, we waived medical plan cost-sharing and co-pays for COVID-19 testing and treatment throughout the year.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

The U.S. banking industry is highly regulated under federal and state law. Banking laws, regulations, and policies affect the operations of the Company and its subsidiary.subsidiaries. Investors should understand that the primary objective of the U.S. bank regulatory regime is the protection of depositors, the Depositors Insurance Fund (“DIF”), and the banking system as a whole, not the protection of the Company’s shareholders.

As a bank holding company, we are subject to inspection, examination, supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Our bank subsidiary,National Bank Holdings Corporation holds two subsidiaries, NBH Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole Trust. NBH Bank, is a Colorado state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. As such, NBH Bank is subject to examination, supervision and regulation by both the Colorado

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Division of Banking and the Federal Reserve. Our other bank subsidiary, BOJHT, is a Wyoming state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. As such, BOJHT is subject to examination, supervision and regulation by both the Wyoming Division of Banking and the Federal Reserve. In addition, we expect that any additional businesses that we may invest in or acquire will be regulated by various state and/or federal banking regulators.

Banking statutes and regulations are subject to continual review and revision by Congress, state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies. A change in such statutes or regulations, including changes in how they are interpreted or implemented, could have a material effect on our business. In addition to laws and regulations, state and federal bank regulatory agencies may issue policy statements, interpretive letters and similar written guidance pursuant to such laws and regulations, which are binding on us and our subsidiaries.

Banking statutes, regulations and policies could restrict our ability to diversify into other areas of financial services, acquire depository institutions and make distributions or pay dividends on our equity securities. They may also require us to provide financial support to any bank that we control, maintain capital balances in excess of those desired by management and pay higher deposit insurance premiums as a result of a general deterioration in the financial condition of NBH Bank, BOJHT or other depository institutions we control.

The description below summarizes certain elements of the applicable bank regulatory framework. This description is not intended to describe all laws and regulations applicable to us and our subsidiaries. The description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the statutes, regulations, policies, interpretive letters and other written guidance that are described.

National Bank Holdings Corporation as a Bank Holding Company

As a bank holding company, we are subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act (“BHCA”) and to supervision, examination, and enforcement by the Federal Reserve. Federal Reserve jurisdiction also extends to any company that we may directly or indirectly control, such as non-bank subsidiaries and other companies in which we have a controlling interest. While subjecting us to supervision and regulation, we believe that our status as a bank holding company (as opposed to being a non-controlling investor) broadens the investment opportunities available to us among public and private financial institutions.

The BHCA generally prohibits a bank holding company from engaging, directly or indirectly, in activities other than banking or managing or controlling banks, except for activities determined by the Federal Reserve to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In 2021, the Company elected to be treated as a financial holding company pursuant to Section 4(l) of the BHCA. As a financial holding company, the Company is authorized to engage in a broader set of financial activities than a bank holding company that has not elected to be a treated as a financial holding company, including insurance underwriting and broker-dealer services as well as activities that are jointly determined by the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury to be financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity. Financial holding companies may also engage in activities that are determined by the Federal Reserve to be complementary to financial activities.

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Maintaining our financial holding company status requires that the Company and our bank subsidiary, NBH Bank,subsidiaries, remain “well-capitalized” and “well-managed” as defined by regulation and that NBH Bankour bank subsidiaries maintain at least a “satisfactory” rating under the CRA. If we or NBH Bankour bank subsidiaries fail to continue to meet these requirements, we could be subject to restrictions on new activities and acquisitions, and/or be required to cease and possibly divest operations that conduct activities that are not permissible for a bank holding company that does not also qualify as a financial holding company.

Subsidiaries as State-Chartered Banks

NBH Bank as a Colorado State-Chartered Bank

Our bank subsidiary, NBH Bank, is a Colorado state-chartered bank and also a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. As such, NBH Bank is subject to examination, supervision and regulation by both the Colorado Division of Banking and the Federal Reserve. NBH Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)

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through the DIF, in the manner and to the extent provided by law. As an insured bank, NBH Bank is subject to the provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the “FDI Act”), and the FDIC’s implementing regulations thereunder, and may also be subject to supervision and examination by the FDIC under certain circumstances.

Under the FDIC Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”), NBH Bank must submit financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP and management reports signed by the Company’s and NBH Bank’s chief executive officer and chief accounting or financial officer concerning management’s responsibility for the financial statements, an assessment of internal controls, and an assessment of NBH Bank’s compliance with various banking laws and FDIC and other banking regulations. In addition, we must submit annual audit reports to federal regulators prepared by independent auditors. As allowed by regulations, we may use our audit report prepared for the Company to satisfy this requirement. We must provide our auditors with examination reports, supervisory agreements and reports of enforcement actions. The auditors must also attest to and report on the statements of management relating to the internal controls. FDICIA also requires that NBH Bank form an independent audit committee consisting of outside directors only, or that the Company’s audit committee be entirely independent.

Bank of Jackson Hole Trust as a Wyoming State-Chartered Bank

Our bank subsidiary, Bank of Jackson Hole Trust, is a Wyoming state-chartered bank and also a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. As such, BOJHT is subject to examination, supervision and regulation by both the Wyoming Division of Banking and the Federal Reserve. BOJHT’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) through the DIF, in the manner and to the extent provided by law. As an insured bank, BOJHT is subject to the provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the “FDI Act”), and the FDIC’s implementing regulations thereunder, and may also be subject to supervision and examination by the FDIC under certain circumstances. BOJHT is subject to the FDICIA requirements discussed above, however, during the year of acquisition the Company has elected to exclude them from the assessment. As of January 1, 2023, BOJHT is included in the FDICIA assessment.

Broad Supervision, Examination and Enforcement Powers

The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and state bank regulators have broad regulatory, examination and enforcement authority over bank holding companies and banks, as applicable. Bank regulators regularly examine the operations of banks and bank holding companies. In addition, banks and bank holding companies are subject to periodic reporting and filing requirements.

Bank regulators have various remedies available if they determine that a banking organization has violated any law or regulation, that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of a banking organization’s operations are unsatisfactory, or that the banking organization is operating in an unsafe or unsound manner. The bank regulators have the power to, among other things: enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, require affirmative actions to correct any violation or practice, issue administrative orders that can be judicially enforced, direct increases in capital, direct the sale of subsidiaries or other assets, limit dividends and distributions, restrict growth, assess civil monetary penalties, remove officers and directors, terminate deposit insurance, and appoint a conservator or receiver.

Engaging in unsafe or unsound practices or failing to comply with applicable laws, regulations and supervisory agreements could subject the Company, its subsidiaries and their respective officers, directors and institution-affiliated parties to the remedies described above and other sanctions. In addition, the FDIC could terminate NBH Bank’s or Bank of Jackson Hole Trust’s deposit insurance if it determined that the Bank’sBanks’ financial condition was unsafe or unsound or that the bankbanks engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or violated an applicable rule, regulation, order or condition enacted or imposed by the bank’sbanks’ regulators.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

In General

As a bank holding company, we are subject to regulatory capital adequacy requirements implemented by the Federal Reserve. The federal banking agencies have risk-based capital adequacy guidelines intended to provide a measure of capital adequacy that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations. NBH Bank is, and other depository

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institution subsidiaries that we may acquire or control in the future will be, subject to capital adequacy guidelines as implemented by the relevant federal banking agency. In the case of the Company and NBH Bank, applicable capital guidelines can be found in the Federal Reserve’s Regulations H and Q.

The capital rules require banks and bank holding companies to maintain a minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a total tier 1 capital ratio of 6%, a total capital ratio of 8%, and a leverage ratio of 4%. Additionally, banks and bank holding companies are required to hold a capital conservation buffer of common equity tier 1 capital of 2.5% to avoid limitations on capital distributions and executive compensation payments.

Further, the federal bank regulatory agencies may set higher capital requirements for an individual bank or when a bank’s particular circumstances warrant. At this time, the bank regulatory agencies are more inclined to impose higher capital requirements in order to be considered well-capitalized, and future regulatory change could impose higher capital standards as a routine matter.

The Federal Reserve may also set higher capital requirements for holding companies whose circumstances warrant it. For example, holding companies experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions are expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels, without significant reliance on intangible assets.

In May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (“EGRRCPA”), was enacted to modify or remove certain financial reform rules and regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. The EGRRCPA directed the federal banking agencies to develop a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio”, calculated by dividing tangible equity capital by average consolidated total assets. In October 2019, the federal banking agencies adopted a Community Bank Leverage Ratio of 9%. If a “qualified community bank”, generally a depository institution or depository institution holding company with consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, has a leverage ratio which exceeds the Community Bank Leverage Ratio, then the institution is considered to have met all generally applicable leverage and risk based capital requirements, the capital ratio requirements for “well capitalized” status under the prompt corrective action rules and any other leverage or capital requirements to which it is subject. At this time the Company, and NBH Bank hasand BOJHT have not elected to apply this regime.

Prompt Corrective Action

The FDI Act requires federal bank regulatory agencies to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to FDIC-insured depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. A depository institution’s treatment for purposes of the prompt corrective action provisions will depend upon how its capital levels compare to various capital measures and certain other factors, as established by regulation. Federal banking regulators are required to take various mandatory supervisory actions and are authorized to take other discretionary actions with respect to institutions in the three undercapitalized categories. The severity of the action depends upon the capital category in which the institution is placed. Generally, subject to a narrow exception, the banking regulator must appoint a receiver or conservator for an institution that is critically undercapitalized. Our regulatory capital ratios and those of NBH Bank are in excess of the levels established for “well-capitalized” institutions.

Bank Holding Companies as a Source of Strength

The Federal Reserve requires that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to each bank that it controls and, under appropriate circumstances, commit resources to support each such controlled bank. This support may be required at times when the bank holding company may not have the resources to provide the support. Because we are a bank holding company, the Federal Reserve views the Company (and its consolidated assets) as a source of financial and managerial strength for any controlled depository institutions.

Under the prompt corrective action provisions, if a controlled bank is undercapitalized, then the regulators could require its bank holding company to guarantee a capital restoration plan. In addition, if the Federal Reserve believes that a bank holding company’s activities, assets or affiliates represent a significant risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of a controlled bank, then the Federal Reserve could require the bank holding company to terminate the activities, liquidate the

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assets or divest the affiliates. The regulators may require these and other actions in support of controlled banks even if such action is not in the best interests of the bank holding company or its shareholders.

The Dodd-Frank Act codified the requirement that holding companies, like the Company, serve as a source of financial strength for their subsidiary depository institutions, by providing financial assistance to its insured depository institution subsidiaries in the event of financial distress. Under the source of strength doctrine, the Company could be required to provide financial assistance to NBH Bankthe Banks should it experience financial distress.

In addition, capital loans by us to NBH Bankthe Banks will be subordinate in right of payment to deposits and certain other indebtedness of NBH Bank.the Banks. In the event of our bankruptcy, any commitment by us to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of NBH Bankthe Banks will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.

Dividend Restrictions

The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. Because the Company’s consolidated net income consists largely of the net income of NBH Bank and BOJHT, the Company’s ability to pay dividends depends upon its receipt of dividends from its subsidiary.subsidiaries. The ability of a bank to pay dividends and make other distributions is limited by federal and state law. The specific limits depend on a number of factors, including the bank’sbanks’ type of charter, recent earnings, recent dividends, level of capital and regulatory status. As a member of the Federal Reserve System and a Colorado state-chartered bank,banks, NBH Bank isand BOJHT are subject to Regulation H and limitations under Coloradostate law with respect to the payment of dividends. Non-bank subsidiaries are also limited by certain federal and state statutory provisions and regulations covering the amount of dividends that may be paid in any given year. State member banks, such as NBH Bank and BOJHT, may not declare or pay a cash dividend if the total of all dividends declared during the calendar year, including the proposed dividend, exceeds the Bank'sBanks’ net income during the current calendar year and the retained net income of the prior two calendar years, unless approved by the Federal Reserve.

The ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends and make other distributions can also be limited. The Federal Reserve has authority to prohibit a bank holding company from paying dividends or making other distributions. A bank holding company should not pay cash dividends that exceed its net income or that can only be funded in ways that weaken the bank holding company’s financial health, such as by borrowing. In addition, as a Delaware corporation, the Company is subject to certain limitations and restrictions under Delaware corporate law with respect to the payment of dividends and other distributions.

Depositor Preference

The FDI Act provides that, in the event of the “liquidation or other resolution” of an insured depository institution, the claims of depositors of the institution (including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors) and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If our insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, nondeposit creditors, including us, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.

Limits on Transactions with Affiliates

Federal law restricts the amount and the terms of both credit and non-credit transactions (generally referred to as “Covered Transactions”) between a bank and its non-bank affiliates. Covered Transactions with any single affiliate may not exceed 10% of the capital stock and surplus of the bank,banks, and Covered Transactions with all affiliates may not exceed, in the aggregate, 20% of the bank’sbanks’ capital and surplus. For a bank, capital stock and surplus refers to the bank’s tier 1 and tier 2 capital, as calculated under the risk-based capital guidelines, plus the balance of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) excluded from tier 2 capital. The bank’sbanks’ transactions with all of its affiliates in the aggregate are limited to 20% of the foregoing capital. In addition, in connection with Covered Transactions that are extensions of credit, the bankbanks may be required to hold collateral to provide added security to the bank,banks, and the types of permissible collateral may be limited. The Dodd-Frank Act generally enhances the restrictions on transactions with affiliates, including an expansion of what types of transactions are Covered Transactions to include credit exposures related to derivatives, repurchase agreements and securities

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lending arrangements and an increase in the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding Covered Transactions must be satisfied. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the Company did not have any outstanding Covered Transactions.

Regulatory Notice and Approval Requirements for Acquisitions of Control

We must generally receive federal bank regulatory approval before we can acquire a financial institution. Specifically, as a bank holding company, we must obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve in connection with any acquisition that would result in the Company owning or controlling 5% or more of any class of voting securities of a bank or another bank holding company, including a financial holding company. Our ability to make investments in depository institutions will depend on our ability to obtain approval for such investments from the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve could deny our application based on the statutory factors outlined in the BHCA, including the financial and managerial resources of the parties and the future prospects of the combined organization, the effects of the transaction on competition, the convenience and needs of the community, including the record of performance of the parties under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, the effectiveness of the Company in combating money-laundering activities and the impact of the transaction on the financial stability of the U.S. banking or financial system, or other considerations. For example, we could be required to sell banking centers as a condition to receiving regulatory approval, which condition may not be acceptable to us, or, if acceptable to us, may reduce the benefit of any acquisition.

In addition, federal and state laws, including the BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act, impose additional prior notice or approval requirements and ongoing regulatory requirements on any investor that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or bank holding company. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, such as the Company, would, under the circumstances set forth in the presumption, constitute acquisition of control of the Company for purposes of the Change in Bank Control Act.

The BHCA prohibits any entity from acquiring 25% (as noted above, the BHC Act has a lower limit for acquirers that are existing bank holding companies) or more of a bank holding company’s or bank’s voting securities, or otherwise obtaining control or a controlling influence over a bank holding company or bank without the approval of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has rule-based standards for determining whether one company has control over another. These rules established four categories of tiered presumptions of noncontrol that are based on the percentage of voting shares held by the investor (less than 5%, 5-9.9%, 10-14.9% and 15-24.9%) and the presence of other indicia of control. As the percentage of ownership increases, fewer indicia of control are permitted without falling outside of the presumption of noncontrol. These indicia of control include nonvoting equity ownership, director representation, management interlocks, business relationship and restrictive contractual covenants. Under the final rule, investors can hold up to 24.9% of the voting securities and up to 33% of the total equity of a company without necessarily having a controlling influence.

Anti-Money Laundering Requirements

Under federal law, including the Bank Secrecy Act and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), certain types of financial institutions, including insured depository institutions, must maintain anti-money laundering programs that include established internal policies, procedures and controls; a designated compliance officer; an ongoing associate training program; and testing of the program by an independent audit function. Financial institutions are prohibited from entering into specified financial transactions and account relationships and must meet enhanced standards for due diligence, client identification, and recordkeeping, including in their dealings with non-U.S. financial institutions and non-U.S. clients. Financial institutions must take reasonable steps to conduct enhanced scrutiny of account relationships to guard against money laundering and to report any suspicious information maintained by financial institutions. Bank regulators routinely examine institutions for compliance with these obligations, and they must consider an institution’s anti-money laundering compliance when considering regulatory applications filed by the institution, including applications for banking mergers and acquisitions. The regulatory authorities have imposed “cease and desist” orders and civil money penalty sanctions against institutions found to be violating these obligations.

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Consumer Laws and Regulations

Banks and other financial institutions are subject to numerous laws and regulations intended to protect consumers in their transactions with banks. These laws include, among others, laws regarding unfair and deceptive acts and practices and usury laws, as well as the following consumer protection statutes: Truth in Lending Act, Truth in Savings Act, Electronic Funds Transfer Act, Flood Disaster Protection Act, Expedited Funds Availability Act, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, Fair Housing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Act, Gramm-Leach Bliley Financial Modernization Act, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Right to Financial Privacy Act and Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.

Many states and local jurisdictions have consumer protection laws analogous, and in addition, to those listed above. These state and local laws regulate the manner in which financial institutions deal with clients when taking deposits, making loans or conducting other types of transactions.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer financial laws that apply to all banks. The CFPB is authorized to issue rules for both bank and nonbank companies that offer consumer financial products and services, subject to consultation with the prudential banking regulators. In general, however, banks with assets of $10 billion or less, such as NBH Bank, will continue to be examined for consumer compliance by their primary bank regulator. At this time, NBH Bank is not subject to supervision by the CFPB but it will be if our assets grow above $10 billion.

Much of the CFPB’s rulemaking has focused on mortgage lending and servicing, including an important rule requiring lenders to ensure that prospective buyers have the ability to repay their mortgages. Other areas of current CFPB focus include consumer protections for prepaid cards, payday lending, debt collection, overdraft services and privacy notices. The CFPB has been particularly active in issuing rules and guidelines concerning residential mortgage lending and servicing, issuing numerous rules and guidance related to residential mortgages. Perhaps the most significant of these guidelines are the “Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Standards under the Truth in Lending Act” portions of Regulation Z and the Know Before You Owe guidelines. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, creditors must make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information, that the consumer has a reasonable “ability to repay” a residential mortgage according to its terms as well as clearly and concisely disclose the terms and costs associated with these loans.

The CFPB has actively issued enforcement actions against both large and small entities and to entities across the entire financial services industry. The CFPB has relied upon “unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts” prohibitions as its primary enforcement tool. However, the CFPB and DOJ continue to be focused on fair lending in taking enforcement actions against banks with renewed emphasis on alleged redlining practices. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could give rise to regulatory sanctions, client rescission rights, actions by state and local attorneys general and civil or criminal liability.

The Community Reinvestment Act

The CRA is intended to encourage banks to help meet the credit needs of their entire communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and sound operations. The regulators examine banks and assign each bank a public CRA rating. The CRA then requires bank regulators to take into account the bank’sbanks’ record in meeting the needs of its community when considering certain applications by a bank, including applications to establish a banking center or to conduct certain mergers or acquisitions. Failure to adequately meet these criteria could impose additional requirements and limitations on us. Additionally, we must publicly disclose the terms of various CRA-related agreements. The Federal Reserve is required to consider the CRA records of a bank holding company’s controlled banks when considering an application by the bank holding company to acquire a bank or to merge with another bank holding company.

When we apply for regulatory approval to make certain investments, the regulators will consider the CRA record of the target institution and our depository institution subsidiary.subsidiaries. An unsatisfactory CRA record could substantially delay approval or result in denial of an application.

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Reserve Requirements

Pursuant to regulations of the Federal Reserve, all banks are required to maintain average daily reserves at mandated ratios against their transaction accounts. In addition, reserves must be maintained on certain non-personal time deposits. These reserves must be maintained in the form of vault cash or in an account at a Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”).FRB.

Deposit Insurance Assessments

All of a depositor’s accounts at an insured bank, including all non-interest bearing transaction accounts, are insured by the FDIC up to $250,000. FDIC-insured banks are required to pay deposit insurance premiums to the FDIC. The FDIC has adopted a risk-based assessment system whereby FDIC-insured depository institutions pay insurance premiums at rates based on their risk classification. An institution’s risk classification is assigned based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern the institution poses to the regulators.

Assessments are based on an institution’s average total consolidated assets less average tangible equity (subject to risk-based adjustments that would further reduce the assessment base for custodial banks). NBH Bank may be able to pass part or all of this cost on to its clients, including in the form of lower interest rates on deposits, or fees to some depositors, depending on market conditions.

The FDIC may terminate a depository institution’s deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution’s financial condition is unsafe or unsound or that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or has violated any applicable rule, regulation, order or condition enacted or imposed by the institution’s regulatory agency. If deposit insurance for a banking business we invest in or acquire were to be terminated, that would have a material adverse effect on that banking business and potentially on the Company as a whole.

Changes in Laws, Regulations or Policies

Congress and state legislatures may introduce from time to time measures or take actions that would modify the regulation of banks or bank holding companies. In addition, federal and state regulatory agencies also periodically propose and adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. Such changes could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks and other financial institutions, all of which could affect our investment opportunities and our assessment of how attractive such opportunities may be. We cannot predict whether potential legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that it or any implementing regulations would have on our business, results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.

COVID-19 Legislation and Regulatory Response

The COVID-19 pandemic has created extensive disruptions toOn October 17, 2022, the global economy, to businesses, and to the lives of individuals throughout the world. There have been a number of statutory and regulatory actions intended to help mitigate the adverse economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on borrowers, including several mandates from the bank regulatory agencies, requiring financial institutions to work constructively with borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. The CARES Act was a $2.2 trillion economic stimulus bill that intended to provide relief in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several provisions within the CARES Act led to action from the bank regulatory agencies. There are also separate provisions within the legislation that directly impact financial institutions, including affording borrowers with federally-backed mortgage loans experiencing a financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic the option to request forbearance, regardless of delinquency status, for up to 360 days. The CARES Act also provided a moratorium on initiating foreclosure on properties; however, the moratorium expired on July 31, 2021. Additionally, a directive was established to provide loans to businesses impacted by COVID through the PPP.

The bank regulatory agencies have stressed the importance of financial institutions continuing to assist borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and indicated that adequate flexibility will be given to financial institutions who work with such borrowers. On April 3, 2020, the bank regulatory agenciesFDIC issued a joint policy statement to facilitate mortgage servicers’ ability to place consumers in short-term payment forbearance programs, and followed with a final rule on June 23, 2020 that

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makes it clear servicers do not violate Regulation X (which places restrictions and requirements upon lenders related to consumers who applyincrease initial base deposit insurance assessment rates for and receive mortgage loans) by offering certain COVID-19-related loss mitigation options based on an evaluation of limited information collected from the borrower. Additionally, on September 29, 2020, the bank regulatory agencies issued a rule that deferred appraisal and evaluation requirements after the closing of certain residential and CRE transactions through December 31, 2020.

On December 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021 was signed into law, which also contains provisions that could directly impact financial institutions. The act directed financial regulators to support community development financial institutions and minorityinsured depository institutions by two basis points, beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. The assessment rate schedules under this final rule will remain in effect unless and directed Congressuntil the reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund meets or exceeds two percent. Although the FDIC insurance expense will increase as a result of this ruling, the Company does not expect the increase to re-appropriate $429 billion in unobligated CARES Act funds throughhave a newly structured PPP. Additional government relief was provided under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that became effectivematerial impact on March 11, 2021.its financial statements.

More Information

Our website is www.nationalbankholdings.com. We make available free of charge, through our website, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A.    RISK FACTORS

Risks Relating to Our Banking Operations

The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting us, our clients and third-party service providers, and the adverse impacts on our business, financial position, operations and prospects has been and could continue to be significant.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business and financial results, and its ultimate impact on our business will depend on highly uncertain and unpredictable future developments, including the magnitude and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic, particularly within our geographic footprint. The pandemic and resultant governmental action have severely restricted economic activity, reduced economic output, and resulted in a deterioration in economic conditions. This has resulted in temporary closures of many businesses, some of which include our borrowers, the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements, high rates of unemployment and underemployment, historically low interest rates, and disruptions in consumer spending, among other things. These negative economic conditions have negatively impacted our financial results and may have a continued adverse effect on our business, including adversely impacting the demand for our products and services, our net interest income and our liquidity and regulatory capital requirements. The impact of interest rates or unemployment may also have a negative impact on demand for mortgage products, including refinancing requests.

Furthermore, the pandemic could result in the recognition of credit losses in our loan portfolios and increases in our allowance for credit losses, particularly if businesses remain closed or operate at reduced capacities, the impact on the national economy worsens, or more clients draw on their lines of credit or seek additional loans to help finance their businesses. Small and mid-sized businesses make up a large portion of our commercial loan portfolio and are particularly vulnerable to the financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their increased reliance on continuing cash flow to fund day-to-day operations. Although government programs have sought, and may further seek, to provide relief to these types of businesses, there can be no assurance that these programs will succeed. Our participation directly or on behalf of our clients in U.S. government programs, such as the Paycheck Protection Program, that are designed to support individuals, households and businesses impacted by the economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, could be criticized and subject us to increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny, negative publicity or increased exposure to litigation, which could increase our operational, legal and compliance costs and damage our reputation. In addition, we may be exposed to credit risk on a PPP loan if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded or serviced. In such a case, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any related loss from us.

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Our business operations may also be disrupted if significant portions of our workforce, key personnel or third-party service providers are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, unavailability, quarantines, government actions, internal or external failure of information technology infrastructure, or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic. Until the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, it will continue to impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios and may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risk factors.

Changes in general business and economic conditions could materially and adversely affect us.

Our business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the United States and in our core markets of Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Utah, Wyoming, Texas, New Mexico, Texas and Utah.Idaho. If the economies in our core markets, or the U.S. economy more generally, experience worsening economic conditions, including industry-specific conditions, we could be materially and adversely affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact our local economics through continued temporary closures or other restrictions on businesses, higher unemployment rates and disruption to consumer spending. Weak economic conditions may be characterized by inflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets, including a lack of liquidity and/or depressed prices in the secondary market for mortgage loans, increased delinquencies on loans, residential and commercial real estate price declines, lower home sales and commercial activity, further or prolonged pressure on energy prices, high unemployment, and the economic effects of natural disasters, severe weather conditions, health emergencies or pandemics (such as COVID-19), cyberattacks, outbreaks of hostilities, terrorism or other geopolitical instabilities. All of these factors would be detrimental to our business. Our business is significantly affected by monetary and related policies of the U.S. federal government, its agencies and government-sponsored entities. Changes in any of these policies are influenced by macroeconomic conditions and other factors that are beyond our control and could have a material adverse effect on us.

Changes in the assumptions underlying our acquisition method of accounting, or other significant accounting estimates could affect our financial information and have a material adverse effect on us.

A material portion of our financial results is based on, and subject to, significant assumptions and subjective judgments. As a result of our acquisitions, our financial information is influenced by the application of the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to make complex assumptions, and these assumptions materially affect our financial results. As such, any financial information generated through the use of the acquisition method of accounting is subject to modification or change. If our assumptions are incorrect and we change or modify our assumptions, it could have a material adverse effect on us or our previously reported results. Additionally, a change in our accounting estimates, such as our ability to realize deferred tax assets, the need for a valuation allowance or the recoverability of the goodwill recorded at the time of our acquisitions, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Our business is highly susceptible to credit risk and fluctuations in the value of real estate and other collateral securing such credit.

As a lender, we are exposed to the risk that our clients will be unable to repay their loans according to their terms and that the collateral securing the payment of their loans (if any) may not be sufficient to assure repayment. The risks inherent in making any loan include risks with respect to the ability of borrowers to repay their loans and, if applicable, the period of time over which the loan is repaid, risks relating to proper loan underwriting and guidelines, risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions, risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers and risks resulting from uncertainties as to the future value of collateral. Similarly, we have credit risk embedded in our securities portfolio. Our credit standards, procedures and policies may not prevent us from incurring substantial credit losses. A decline in residential real estate market prices and reduced levels of home sales, could adversely affect the value of collateral securing mortgage loans resulting in greater charge-offs in future periods, as well as adversely impact mortgage loan originations and gains on sale of mortgage loans. A decline in commercial real estate values would likewise adversely affect the value of collateral securing certain commercial loans and result in greater charge-offs in future periods. Declines in real estate values and home sales volumes, and financial stress on borrowers as a result of job losses or other factors, could have further adverse effects on borrowers that result in higher delinquencies and greater charge-offs in future periods, which could materially and adversely affect us. The COVID-

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19 pandemic may negatively impact commercial real estate values, particularly hospitality and leisure, office and retail properties. Residential real estate may also be negatively impacted by higher unemployment driven in part by the pandemic.

We depend on our executive officers and key personnel to implement our strategy and could be harmed by the loss of their services.

The execution of our strategy depends in large part on the skills of our executive management team and our ability to motivate and retain these and other key personnel, including key personnel added through mergers and acquisitions. Accordingly, the loss of service of one or more of our executive officers or key personnel could reduce our ability to

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successfully implement our growth strategy and materially and adversely affect us. Our success also depends on the experience of our banking center managers and relationship managers and on their relationships with the clients and communities they serve. The loss of these key personnel could negatively impact our banking operations. Further surgesSurges in illnesses, including but not limited to COVID-19 cases, may increase the risk of maintaining adequate staffing in our banking centers and other key areas.

Our allowance for credit losses and fair value adjustments may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses inherent in our loan or other real estate owned (“OREO”) portfolio.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, the new accounting standard promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), regarding the recognition of credit losses. This standard made significant changes to the accounting and disclosures for credit losses on financial instruments recorded on an amortized cost basis, including our loans held for investment. The current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model requires an estimate of expected credit losses for financial assets measured over the contractual life of an instrument based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The standard provides significant flexibility and requires a high degree of judgment in order to develop an estimate of expected lifetime losses. Providing for lifetime losses for our loan portfolio is a change to the previous method of providing allowances for loan losses that are probable and incurred. It may also result in even small changes to future forecasts having a significant impact on the allowance, which could make the allowance more volatile, and regulators may impose additional capital buffers to absorb this volatility. The unique and unprecedented impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic may also lead to greater volatility in economic conditions, potentially increasing volatility in the required allowance amount.

The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding our loans, identification of additional problem loans by us and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for credit losses. If the real estate markets deteriorate, we expect that we will experience increased delinquencies and credit losses, particularly with respect to construction, land development and land loans. In addition, our regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses and may require an increase in the allowance for credit losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for credit losses, we will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for credit losses. Any increases in the allowance for credit losses will result in a decrease in net income and capital and may have a material adverse effect on us.

We hold and acquire an amount of OREO from time to time, which may lead to volatility in operating expenses and vulnerability to declines in real property values.

When necessary, we foreclose on and take title to the real estate serving as collateral for our loans as part of our business. Real estate that we own but do not use in the ordinary course of our operations is referred to as OREO property. While our OREO portfolio is smaller than it has been in recent years, future acquisitions could result in a higher OREO balance, which could negatively affect our earning as a result of various expenses associated with OREO, including personnel costs, insurance and taxes, completion and repair costs, valuation adjustments and other expenses associated with property ownership, as well as by the funding costs associated with OREO assets. We evaluate OREO properties periodically and write down the carrying value of the properties if the results of our evaluation require it. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact commercial real estate values, particularly hospitality and leisure, office and retail properties. Residential real estate may also be negatively impacted by higher unemployment driven in part by the pandemic.

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Environmental issues, including external events such as severe weather, natural disasters, and climate change, as well as environmental liability risks associated with our lending activities, could significantly impact our business.

Severe weather, natural disasters, climate change and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, there can be no guarantee of the effectiveness of such policies and procedures, and the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally,

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concerns over the long term impacts of climate change have led and will continue to lead to governmental efforts to mitigate those impacts. We and our clients may face cost increases, asset value reductions, and operating process changes as a result.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property, and we could become subject to environmental liabilities with respect to one or more of these properties. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing defaulted loans. There is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties, and we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage, civil fines and criminal penalties regardless of when the hazardous conditions or toxic substances first affected any particular property. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses to address unknown liabilities and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. Although we have policies and procedures to perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on nonresidential real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on us.

The expanding body of federal, state and local regulation of loan servicing, collections or other aspects of our business may increase the cost of compliance and the risks of noncompliance.

We service the loans held on our balance sheet, and loan servicing is subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities as well as to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on those activities. The volume of new or modified laws and regulations has increased in recent years and, in addition, some individual municipalities have begun to enact laws that restrict loan servicing activities including delaying or temporarily preventing foreclosures or forcing the modification of certain mortgages. If regulators impose new or more restrictive requirements, we may incur significant additional costs to comply with such requirements which may further adversely affect us. The CARES Act and related legislation imposed additional restrictions with respect to foreclosures and the handling of delinquent payments. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could possibly lead to: civil and criminal liability; damage to our reputation in the industry; fines and penalties and litigation, including class action lawsuits; and administrative enforcement actions. Any of these outcomes could materially and adversely affect us. There is also uncertainty regarding what legislative or regulatory changes may occur as a result of changes in leadership resulting from elections, or, if changes occur, the ultimate effect they would have upon our financial condition or results of operations.

Small Business Administration lending is an important and growing part of our business. Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the U.S. federal government, and we face specific risks associated with originating SBA loans.

As an approved participant in the SBA Preferred Lender’s Program (an “SBA Preferred Lender”), we enable our clients to obtain SBA loans without being subject to the potentially lengthy SBA approval process necessary for lenders that are not SBA Preferred Lenders. The SBA periodically reviews the lending operations of participating lenders to assess, among other things, whether the lender exhibits prudent risk management. When weaknesses are identified, the SBA may request corrective actions or impose enforcement actions, including revocation of the lender’s SBA Preferred Lender status.

If we were to lose our status as an SBA Preferred Lender, we may lose new opportunities, and a limited number of existing SBA loans, to lenders who are SBA Preferred Lenders. In addition, any changes to the SBA program, including changes to the level of guarantee provided by the federal government on SBA loans, changes to program-specific rules impacting

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volume eligibility under the guaranty program, as well as changes to the program amounts authorized by Congress, may have a material adverse effect on our SBA lending program. In addition, any default by the U.S. government on its obligations or any prolonged government shutdown could, among other things, impede our ability to originate SBA loans or collect on guarantees in the event a borrower defaults on its obligations, and could materially adversely affect our SBA lending business.

With respect to the PPP, we could be criticized and subject to increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny, negative publicity or increased exposure to litigation, which could increase our operational, legal and compliance costs and damage our reputation. In addition, we may be exposed to credit risk on a PPP loan if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded or serviced. In such a case, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any related loss from us.

If we violate U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) lending requirements or if the federal government shuts down or otherwise fails to fully fund the federal budget, our commercial FHA origination business could be adversely affected.

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We originate, sell and service loans under FHA insurance programs, and make certifications regarding compliance with applicable requirements and guidelines. If we were to violate these requirements and guidelines, or other applicable laws, or if the FHA loans we originate show a high frequency of loan defaults, we could be subject to monetary penalties and indemnification claims, and could be declared ineligible for FHA programs. Any inability to engage in our commercial FHA origination and servicing business would lead to a decrease in our net income.

In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time in recent years. Federal governmental entities, such as HUD, that rely on funding from the federal budget, could be adversely affected in the event of a government shutdown, which could have a material adverse effect on our commercial FHA origination business and our results of operations.

The fair value of our investment securities can fluctuate due to market conditions outside of our control.

We have historically taken a conservative investment strategy with our securities portfolio, with concentrations of securities that are primarily backed by government sponsored enterprises (“GSE”). A portion of our non-marketable securities portfolio is comprised of non-liquid fund investments and direct investments in our fintech partners. We may seek to increase yields through different strategies, which may include a greater percentage of corporate securities and structured credit products. Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions in respect of the securities, defaults by the issuer or with respect to the underlying securities, and changes in market interest rates and instability in the capital markets or an inability of our partners to successfully execute on their strategies. These factors, among others, could cause other-than-temporary impairments and realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income, which could have a material adverse effect on us. The process for determining whether impairment of a security is other-than-temporary usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security.

We face significant competition from other financial institutions and financial services providers, which may materially and adversely affect us.

Consumer and commercial banking is highly competitive. Our markets contain a large number of community and regional banks as well as a significant presence of the country’s largest commercial banks. We compete with other state and national financial institutions, including savings and loan associations, savings banks and credit unions, for deposits and loans. In addition, we compete with financial intermediaries, such as consumer finance companies, mortgage banking companies, insurance companies, securities firms, mutual funds and several government agencies, as well as major retailers, in providing various types of loans and other financial services. Some of these competitors have a long history of successful operations in our markets, greater ties to local businesses and more expansive banking relationships, as well as better established depositor

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bases. Some of our competitors also have greater resources and access to capital and possess an advantage by being capable of maintaining numerous banking locations in more convenient sites, operating more ATMs and conducting extensive promotional and advertising campaigns or operating a more developed online banking platform. Competitors may also exhibit a greater tolerance for risk and behave more aggressively with respect to pricing in order to increase their market share. In addition, the effects of disintermediation can also impact the banking business because of the fast growing body of fintech companies that use software to deliver mortgage lending, payment services and other financial services.

Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among others:

    

the ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term client relationships based on quality service, effective and efficient products and services, high ethical standards and safe and sound assets;

    

the scope, relevance and pricing of products and services offered to meet client needs and demands;

    

the rate at which we introduce new products and services, including internet-based or other digital services, relative to our competitors;

    

the ability to attract and retain highly qualified associates to operate our business;

    

the ability to expand our market position;

    

client satisfaction with our level of service;

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the ability to invest in new technologies, including relative to our digital banking platform;

    

the ability to operate our business effectively and efficiently; and

    

industry and general economic trends.

Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could materially and adversely affect us.

We may not be able to meet the cash flow requirements of deposit withdrawals and other business needs unless we maintain sufficient liquidity.

We require liquidity to make loans and to repay deposit and other liabilities as they become due or are demanded by clients. We principally depend on checking, savings and money market deposit account balances and other forms of client deposits as our primary source of funding for our lending activities. As a result of a decline in overall depositor confidence, an increase in interest rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, higher returns being available to clients on alternative investments and general economic conditions, a substantial number of our clients could withdraw their bank deposits with us from time to time, resulting in our deposit levels decreasing substantially, and our cash on hand may not be able to cover such withdrawals and our other business needs, including amounts necessary to operate and grow our business. This would require us to seek third party funding or other sources of liquidity, such as asset sales. Our access to third party funding sources, including our ability to raise funds through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity or equity-related securities, incurrence of debt, or federal funds purchased, may be impacted by our financial strength, performance and prospects and may also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry, all of which may make potential funding sources more difficult to access, less reliable and more expensive. We may not have access to third party funding in sufficient amounts on favorable terms, or the ability to undertake asset sales or access other sources of liquidity, when needed, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Like other financial services institutions, our asset and liability structures are monetary in nature. Such structures are affected by a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, which can impact the value of financial instruments held by us.

Like other financial services institutions, we have asset and liability structures that are essentially monetary in nature and are directly affected by many factors, including domestic and international economic and political conditions, broad trends in business and finance, legislation and regulation affecting the national and international business and financial communities, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation, currency values, market conditions, the availability and terms (including cost) of short-term or long-term funding and capital, the credit capacity or perceived creditworthiness of clients and counterparties and the level and volatility of trading markets. Such factors can impact clients and counterparties of a financial services institution and may impact the value of financial instruments held by a financial services institution.

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Our earnings and cash flows largely depend upon the level of our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on loans, investments and other interest earning assets, and the interest we pay on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Because different types of assets and liabilities may react differently and at different times to market interest rate changes, changes in interest rates can increase or decrease our net interest income. When interest-bearing liabilities increase at a pace exceeding interest earning assets, an increase in interest rates would reduce net interest income. Also, when interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest earning assets in a period, an increase in interest rates would reduce net interest income. Similarly, when interest earning assets mature or reprice more quickly, and because the magnitude of repricing of interest earning assets is often greater than interest bearing liabilities, falling interest rates would reduce net interest income.

Accordingly, changes in the level of market interest rates affect our net yield on interest earning assets and liabilities, loan and investment securities portfolios and our overall results. Changes in interest rates may also have a significant impact on any future loan origination revenues. Historically, there has been an inverse correlation between the demand for loans and interest rates. Loan origination volume and revenues usually decline during periods of rising or high interest rates and increase during periods of declining or low interest rates. Changes in interest rates also have a significant impact on the carrying value of a significant percentage of the assets, both loans and investment securities, on our balance sheet. We may

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incur debt in the future and that debt may also be sensitive to interest rates and any increase in interest rates could materially and adversely affect us. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve.

Reforms to and uncertainty regarding LIBOR and certain other indices may adversely affect our business.

The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is a short-term interest rate used as a pricing reference for certain loans, derivatives and other financial instruments. In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) announced that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for LIBOR after 2021. In November 2020, the Federal Reserve, FDIC and OCC issued a joint statement confirming that the lesser used one-week and two-month USD LIBOR settings would cease publication at the end of 2021, but the remaining USD LIBOR settings would continue publication untilOn June 30, 2023, LIBOR will cease to better facilitate an orderly transition. These announcements, in conjunction with other financial benchmark reforms and changes in the interbank lending markets, have resulted in uncertainty about the future of LIBOR and certain other rates or indices that are used as interest rate “benchmarks.” In addition, regulators, industry groups and certain committees (e.g., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee) have, among other things, published recommended fallback language for LIBOR-linked financial instruments, identified recommended alternatives for certain LIBOR rates (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the recommended alternative to U.S. Dollar LIBOR), and proposed implementations of the recommended alternatives in floating rate instruments. At this time, it is not possible to predict whether these specific recommendations and proposals will be broadly accepted, whether they will continue to evolve and what the effect of their implementation may be on the market for floating-rate financial instruments. Wepublished. Our internal working group began indexing new retail adjustable rate mortgages to SOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) in the third quarter of 2020 and are addressing LIBOR-based commercial loans, including adhering to the ISDA IBOR Fallbacks Protocol as needed. We stopped originating LIBOR-based products in the fourth quarter of 2021 and are using substitute interest rates such as Prime and SOFR.

Uncertainty as to the nature and effect While many of such reforms and actions may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations, including the value of, return on and trading market for our financial assets and liabilities that areclient relationships still involve products based on orLIBOR, we are linkedworking to benchmarks, including any LIBOR-based securities, loans and derivatives. Furthermore,correctly transition these products to substitute interest rates with as little impact to our clients as possible. While we believe we have prepared as much as possible for the transition from LIBOR, there can be no assurances that we and other market participants will be adequately prepared for an actual discontinuation of benchmarks, including LIBOR, that may have an unpredictable impact on contractual mechanics (including, but not limited to, interest rates to be paid to or by us), which may also result in adversely affecting our financial condition or results of operations. SuchIn addition, such transition may also result in litigation with counterparties impacted by the transition as well as increased regulatory scrutiny and other adverse consequences. In addition, any replacement benchmark ultimately adopted as a substitute for LIBOR, including SOFR, may behave differently than LIBOR in a manner detrimental to our financial performance.

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We are highly dependent on the internet, cloud technologies and third-party providers. Systems failures or interruptions could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our business is highly dependent on the increasing use of the internet, mobile devices and cloud technologies. Further, we have and will continue to be subject to an increasing risk of operational disruption and information security incidents as a result. These events can arise from a variety of sources, many of which are not under our control because of our reliance on third party technology systems and outsourcing services for key processes including data processing, loan servicing and deposit processing; and for key services including internet, and mobile technology. Potential causes for incidents may include human error, electrical or telecommunication outages, hardware failures, and malicious activity. Any of these events could cause interruption to the Company’s operations, as well as the operations of our clients. If significant, sustained or repeated, these events could compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of client business, and/or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

A failure in or breach of our security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party providers, could result in financial losses to us or in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, including client information, or could trigger further regulatory and financial penalty if determined to be non-compliant with evolving privacy and data protection laws. These events could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

As a financial institution, we may be the target of fraudulent activity that may result in financial losses to us or our clients, privacy breaches against our clients or damage to our reputation and regulatory relationships. Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, unauthorized intrusion into or use of our systems, ATM skimming or jackpotting, and other dishonest acts. We provide our clients with the ability to bank remotely, including via online, mobile and phone. The secure transmission of confidential information over the internet and other remote channels is a critical element of remote banking. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened these risks as vulnerabilities for our clients and the Company have increased given work from home and shelter at home orders as well as consumer behaviors independent of jurisdictional orders. Furthermore, crisis conditions caused by the pandemic may lead to more attempts by both domestic and international parties to commit cyber-attacks or other fraudulent acts.

Our systems and network are subject to ongoing cyber incidents such as unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data, account takeovers, unavailability of service, computer viruses or other malicious code, phishing schemes, ransomware and other similar events. Third parties with whom we do business may also be sources of cybersecurity risks. We may be required to spend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses. Given the increasingly high volume of our transactions, certain errors may be repeated or compounded before they can be discovered and rectified.

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To the extent that our activities or the activities of our clients involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, security breaches and viruses could cause serious negative consequences, including reputational damage, litigation exposure and, regulatory scrutiny, and could result in a violation of applicable privacy and data protection laws. Any inability to prevent security breaches or computer viruses could also cause existing clients to lose confidence in our systems and could materially and adversely affect us. Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of the evolving nature and complexity of the threats from organized cybercriminals and hackers, and our plans to continue to provide digital banking products and services to our clients.

Information security risks for financial institutions like us have increased recently in part because of new technologies, the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies (including mobile devices) to conduct financial and other business transactions and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, perpetrators of fraud, hackers, terrorists and others. In addition to cyber-attacks or other security breaches involving the theft of sensitive and confidential information, hackers have engaged in attacks against large financial institutions, particularly denial of service or ransomware attacks are designed to disrupt key business services, such as client-facing web sites. We are not able to anticipate or implement preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently and can originate from a wide variety of sources. We employ detection and response mechanisms designed to contain and mitigate security incidents, but early detection may be thwarted by sophisticated attacks and malware designed to avoid detection.

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We also face risks related to cyber-attacks and other security breaches in connection with credit or debit card, including ATM-related, transactions that typically involve the transmission of sensitive information regarding our clients through various third parties, including merchant acquiring banks, payment processors, payment card networks (e.g., Visa, MasterCard) and our third-party processors. Some of these parties have in the past been the target of security breaches and cyber-attacks, and because the transactions involve third parties and environments such as the point of sale that we do not control or secure, future security breaches or cyber-attacks affecting any of these third parties could impact us through no fault of our own, and in some cases we may have exposure and suffer losses for breaches or attacks relating to them. We also rely significantly on numerous other third party service providers to conduct other aspects of our business operations and face similar risks relating to them. While many of our agreements with third parties contain indemnification provisions, we may not be able to recover sufficiently, or at all, under the provisions to offset any losses we may incur from third-party cyber incidents.

The value of our mortgage and Small Business Administration servicing rights can decline during periods of falling interest rates, and we may be required to take a charge against earnings for the decreased value.

A mortgage servicing right (“MSR”) is the right to service a mortgage loan for a fee. A Small Business Administration servicing right is the right to service loans sold for a fee. We capitalize MSRsservicing rights when we originate mortgage or SBA loans and retain the servicing rights after we sell the loans. We carry MSRsservicing rights at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value. Fair value is the present value of estimated future net servicing income, calculated based on a number of variables, including assumptions about the likelihood of prepayment by borrowers. Changes in interest rates can affect prepayment assumptions. When interest rates fall, borrowers are more likely to prepay their mortgage loans by refinancing them at a lower rate. As the likelihood of prepayment increases, the fair value of our MSRsservicing rights can decrease. Each quarter we evaluate our MSRsservicing rights for impairment based on the difference between the carrying amount and fair value, and, if a temporary impairment exists, we establish a valuation allowance through a charge that negatively affects our earnings.

We may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or reimburse investors and others as a result of breaches in contractual representations and warranties.

We sell residential mortgage loans to various parties, including GSEs and other financial institutions that purchase mortgage loans for investment or private label securitization. The agreements under which we sell mortgage loans and the insurance or guaranty agreements with the FHA and VA contain various representations and warranties regarding the origination and characteristics of the mortgage loans, including ownership of the loan, compliance with loan criteria set forth in the applicable agreement, validity of the lien securing the loan, absence of delinquent taxes or liens against the property securing the loan, fraudulent documentation and compliance with applicable origination laws. WeIf any of these items prove defective or insufficient, we may be required to repurchase mortgage loans, indemnify the investor or insurer, or reimburse the investor or

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insurer for credit losses incurred on loans in the event of a breach of contractual representations or warranties that is not remedied within a period (usually 90 days or less) after we receive notice of the breach. Contracts for mortgage loan sales to the GSEs include various types of specific remedies and penalties that could be applied to inadequate responses to repurchase requests. Similarly, the agreements under which we sell mortgage loans require us to deliver various documents to the investor, and we may be obligated to repurchase any mortgage loan as to which the required documents are not delivered or are defective. We establish a mortgage repurchase liability related to the various representations and warranties that reflect management's estimate of losses for loans which we have a repurchase obligation. Our mortgage repurchase liability represents management's best estimate of the probable loss that we may expect to incur for the representations and warranties in the contractual provisions of our sales of mortgage loans. Because the level of mortgage loan repurchase losses depends upon economic factors, investor demand strategies and other external conditions that may change over the life of the underlying loans, the level of the liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses is difficult to estimate and requires considerable management judgment. If economic conditions and the housing market deteriorate or future investor repurchase demand and our success at appealing repurchase requests differ from past experience, we could experience increased repurchase obligations and increased loss severity on repurchases, requiring additions to the repurchase liability.

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The required accounting treatment of loans we acquire through acquisitions could result in higher net interest margins and interest income in current periods and lower net interest margins and interest income in future periods.

Under U.S. GAAP, we are required to record loans acquired through acquisitions at fair value. Estimating the fair value of such loans requires management to make estimates based on available information, facts, and circumstances on the acquisition date. Any discount on acquired loans is accreted into interest income over the weighted average remaining contractual life of the loans. Therefore, our net interest margins may initially increase due to the discount accretion. We expect the yields on the total loan portfolio will decline as our acquired loan portfolios pay down or mature and the corresponding accretion of the discount decreases. We expect downward pressure on our interest income to the extent that the runoff of our acquired loan portfolios is not replaced with comparable high-yielding loans. This could result in higher net interest margins and interest income in current periods and lower net interest margins and interest income in future periods.

We have recorded goodwill as a result of acquisitions that can significantly affect our earnings if it becomes impaired.

Under current accounting standards, goodwill is not amortized but, instead, is subject to impairment tests on at least an annual basis or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

We face risks due to our mortgage banking activities that could negatively impact net income and profitability.

We sell a majority of the mortgage loans that we originate. The sale of these loans generates non-interest income and can be a source of liquidity for the Banks. Disruption in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans as well as declines in real estate values could result in one or more of the following:

our inability to sell mortgage loans on the secondary market, which could negatively impact our liquidity position;

declines in real estate values could decrease the potential of mortgage originations, which could negatively impact our earnings;

if it is determined that loans were made in breach of our representations and warranties to the secondary market, we could incur losses associated with the loans;

increased compliance requirements, including with respect to the CARES Act, could result in higher compliance costs, higher foreclosure proceedings or lower loan origination volume, all which could negatively impact future earnings; and

Increases in prevailing interest rates have caused and may continue to cause declines in mortgage originations including declines in mortgage refinance activity, which have impacted and may continue to negatively impact our earnings.Mortgage interest rates are influenced by many elements including inflation, monetary policy set by the Federal Reserve and macro-economic factors. A prolonged period of rising interest rates may result in changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits. Such conditions could have adverse effects on our ability to originate mortgage loans due to reduced

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consumer demand, increased pressure from competing lenders and increased costs, which could impact earnings in the form of reduced interest from fewer mortgages, reduced fees from loan sales and tighter net interest margins.

Risks Relating to our Growth Strategy

We may not be able to effectively manage our growth or other expansionary activity.

Our expansionary activity, whether through de novo branching, acquisitions, organic growth or the implementation of our digital banking strategy has placed, and it may continue to place, significant demands on our operations and management. The success of our expansionary activity is dependent upon our ability to:

    

continue to implement and improve our operational, credit, financial, legal, management and other internal risk controls and processes and our reporting systems and procedures in order to manage a growing number of client relationships;

    

implement and scale our 2UniFiSM platform and other new technologies;

    

integrate our acquisitions and develop consistent policies throughout the various lines of businesses;

attract and retain the client base; and

    

attract and retain management talent.

We may not successfully implement improvements to, or integrate, our management information and control systems, procedures and processes in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls. In particular, our controls and procedures must be able to accommodate an increase in loan volume in various markets and the infrastructure that comes with new banking centers, banks and growth of our client base through our digital banking strategy.strategy and our trust and wealth management business. Thus, our growth strategy may divert management from our existing franchises and may require us to incur additional expenditures to expand our administrative and operational infrastructure and, if we are unable to effectively manage and grow our financial services franchise, we could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to manage future expansion in our operations, we may experience compliance and operational problems, have to slow the pace of growth, or have to incur additional expenditures beyond current projections to support such growth, any one of which could materially and adversely affect us.

We face increased risk of claims and litigation relating to our fiduciary responsibilities in connection with our trust and wealth management business.

Services we provide in connection with our trust and wealth management business may require us to act as fiduciaries for our clients and others. Third parties or government agencies may assert claims and take legal action against us pertaining to the performance of our fiduciary responsibilities. If these claims and legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to us, we may be exposed to significant financial liability or our reputation could be damaged. Either of these results may adversely impact demand for our products and services or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Our digital growth strategy may subject us to additional operational, strategic, reputational and regulatory risks.

The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to continue to address the needs of our clients by using innovative technologies to provide products and services that will satisfy client demands for convenience and security, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. The implementation of such new technologies may expose us to additional operational, financial, operational, strategic, reputational and regulatory risks.

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New technology-driven products and services are rapidly being introduced throughout the financial services industry, often through fintech companies. We have made and will continue to make investments in and also partner with third party fintech companies in connection with our digital growth strategy and the digital solution, 2UnFi.Our2UniFiSM. Our investments may include companies that may be unseasoned, unprofitable or have no established operating histories or earnings and may lack technical, marketing, financial and other resources and are therefore more vulnerable to financial failure. The innovations these companies develop for utilization by 2UniFiSM, may prove more difficult to successfully integrate into our existing

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operations. We may be required to employ and maintain qualified personnel and as our business expands into new and expanding markets, and we may be required to install additional operational and control systems to manage fraud, operational, legal and compliance risks. Any failure to successfully manage this integration may adversely affect our timeline for our digital strategy, future financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, any adverse regulatory treatment of the companies and technologies we have invested in, may impact our digital growth and our ability to satisfy our clients’ demands for digital offerings in the 2UniFiSM ecosystem.

Our acquisitions generally will require regulatory approvals, and failure to obtain them would restrict our growth.

We intend to complement and expand our business by pursuing strategic acquisitions of financial services franchises. Generally, any acquisition of target financial institutions, banking centers or other banking assets by us will require approval by, and cooperation from, a number of governmental regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve, the Colorado Division of Banking and Coloradothe Wyoming Division of Banking. In acting on applications, our banking regulators consider, among other factors:

    

the effect of the acquisition on competition;

    

the financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, capital levels and future prospects of the applicant and the bank(s) involved;

    

the quantity and complexity of previously consummated acquisitions;

    

the managerial resources of the applicant and the bank(s) involved;

    

the convenience and needs of the community, including the record of performance under the Community Reinvestment Act; and

    

the effectiveness of the applicant in combating money laundering activities.

Such regulators could deny our application based on the above criteria or other considerations, which would restrict our growth, or the regulatory approvals may not be granted on terms that are acceptable to us. For example, we could be required to sell banking centers as a condition to receiving regulatory approvals, and such a condition may not be acceptable to us or may reduce the benefit of any acquisition. In addition, prior to the submission of an application our regulators could discourage us from pursuing strategic acquisitions or indicate that regulatory approvals may not be granted on terms that would be acceptable to us, which could have the same effect of restricting our growth or reducing the benefit of any acquisitions.

The success of future transactions will depend on our ability to successfully identify and consummate acquisitions of financial services franchises that meet our investment objectives. Because of the intense competition for acquisition opportunities and the limited number of potential targets, we may not be able to successfully consummate acquisitions on attractive terms.

There are significant risks associated with our strategy to identify and successfully consummate acquisitions. There are a limited number of acquisition opportunities, and we expect to encounter intense competition from other banking organizations competing for acquisitions and also from other investment funds and entities looking to acquire financial institutions and financial services franchises. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience in identifying and consummating acquisitions directly or through affiliates. Many of these competitors possess ongoing banking operations with greater financial, technical, human and other resources and access to capital than we do, which could limit the acquisition opportunities we pursue. Our competitors may be able to achieve greater cost savings, through consolidating operations or otherwise, than we could. These competitive limitations give others an advantage in pursuing certain acquisitions. In addition, increased competition may drive up the prices for the acquisitions we pursue and make the other acquisition terms more onerous, which would make the identification and successful consummation of those acquisitions less attractive to us. Competitors may be willing to pay more for acquisitions than we believe are justified, which could result in us having to pay more for them than we prefer or to forego the opportunity. The trading price of our common stock and of the stock of other potential acquirers may affect our ability to offer a competitive price for acquisitions where stock is proposed

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as acquisition consideration. As a result of the foregoing, we may be unable to successfully identify and consummate acquisitions on attractive terms, or at all, that are necessary to grow our business.

To the extent that we are unable to identify and consummate attractive acquisitions, or continue to increase loans through organic loan growth, we may be unable to successfully implement our growth strategy, which could materially and adversely affect us.

We intend to continue to grow our business through organic loan growth and strategic acquisitions of financial services franchises. Previous availability of attractive acquisition targets may not be indicative of future acquisition opportunities, and we may be unable to identify any acquisition targets that meet our investment objectives. As our acquired loan portfolio, which generally produces higher yields than our originated loans due to loan discounts and accretable yield, is paid down, we expect downward pressure on our income to the extent that the runoff is not replaced with other high-yielding loans. As a result of the foregoing, if we are unable to replace loans in our existing portfolio with comparable high-yielding loans, we could be materially and adversely affected. We could also be materially and adversely affected if we choose to pursue riskier higher-yielding loans that fail to perform. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic uncertainty, our ability to develop consistent organic loan growth has been challenged as the Company continues to take a very careful approach to extending new credit.

Projected operating results for businesses acquired by us may be inaccurate and may vary significantly from actual results. To the extent that we make acquisitions that involve distressed assets, we may not be able to realize the value we predict from these assets or make sufficient provision for future losses in the value of, or accurately estimate the future write-downs to be taken in respect of, these assets.

We will generally establish the pricing of transactions and the capital structure of financial services franchises to be acquired by us on the basis of financial projections for such financial services franchises. In general, projected operating results will be based on the judgment of our management team. In all cases, projections are only estimates of future results that are based upon assumptions made at the time that the projections are developed and the projected results may vary significantly from

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actual results. General economic, political and market conditions can have a material adverse impact on the reliability of such projections. In the event that the projections made in connection with our acquisitions, or future projections with respect to new acquisitions, are not accurate, such inaccuracies could materially and adversely affect us.

Delinquencies and losses in the loan portfolios and other assets we acquire may exceed our initial forecasts developed during our due diligence investigation prior to acquisition and, thus, produce lower returns than we believed our purchase price supported. Furthermore, our due diligence investigation may not reveal all material issues. If, during the diligence process, we fail to identify all relevant issues related to an acquisition, we may be forced to later write-down or write off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in significant losses. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect us. Economic conditions may create an uncertain environment with respect to asset valuations and there is no certainty that we will be able to sell assets or institutions after we acquire them if we determine it would be in our best interests to do so. In addition, there may be limited liquidity for certain asset classes we hold, including commercial real estate and construction and development loans. Any of the foregoing matters could materially and adversely affect us.

We face risks due to our mortgage banking activities that could negatively impact net income and profitability.

We sell a majority of the mortgage loans that we originate. The sale of these loans generates non-interest income and can be a source of liquidity for the Bank. Disruption in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans as well as declines in real estate values could result in one or more of the following:

our inability to sell mortgage loans on the secondary market, which could negatively impact our liquidity position;

declines in real estate values could decrease the potential of mortgage originations, which could negatively impact our earnings;

if it is determined that loans were made in breach of our representations and warranties to the secondary market, we could incur losses associated with the loans;

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increased compliance requirements, including with respect to the CARES Act, could result in higher compliance costs, higher foreclosure proceedings or lower loan origination volume, all which could negatively impact future earnings; and

a rise in interest rates could cause a decline in mortgage originations, which could negatively impact our earnings.

Our use of appraisals in deciding whether to make loans secured by real property does not ensure that the value of the real property collateral will be sufficient to repay our loans.

In considering whether to make a loan secured by real property, we require an appraisal of the property. However, an appraisal is only an estimate of the value of the property at the time the appraisal is made and requires the exercise of a considerable degree of judgment. If the appraisal does not accurately reflect the amount that may be obtained upon sale or foreclosure of the property, whether due to a decline in property value after the date of the original appraisal or defective preparation of the appraisal, we may not realize an amount equal to the indebtedness secured by the property and as a result, we may suffer losses. This risk could be intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, which may negatively impact commercial real estate values, particularly hospitality and leisure, office and retail properties. Residential real estate may also be negatively impacted by higher unemployment driven in part by the pandemic.

Risks Relating to the Regulation of Our Industry

We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and accounting principles, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, could materially and adversely affect us.

We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision, and legislation by federal and state regulators and bodies that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Intended to protect clients, depositors and the DIF, these laws and regulations, among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on the business activities in which we can engage (including foreclosure and collection practices), limit the dividends or distributions that we can pay, restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt, and impose certain specific accounting requirements on us that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than GAAP. Compliance with laws and regulations, including the effects of the Dodd Frank Act Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional compliance costs. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure follows good faith effort or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, fines and other penalties, any of which could materially and adversely affect us. Further, any new laws, rules and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive and also materially and adversely affect us.

The FDIC’s restoration plan for the DIF and any related increased assessment rates could materially and adversely affect us.

The FDIC insures deposits at FDIC-insured depository institutions, such as our subsidiary bank, up to applicable limits. The amount of a particular institution’s deposit insurance assessment is based on that institution’s risk classification under an FDIC risk-based assessment system. An institution’s risk classification is assigned based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern the institution poses to its regulators. If current assessments imposed by the FDIC are insufficient for the DIF to meet its funding requirements, there may need to be further special assessments or increases in deposit insurance premiums. We are generally unable to control the amount of premiums that we are required to pay for FDIC insurance. Any future additional assessments, increases or required prepayments in FDIC insurance premiums may materially and adversely affect us, including by reducing our profitability or limiting our ability to pursue certain business opportunities.

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Federal and state banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with any supervisory actions to which we become subject as a result of such examinations could materially and adversely affect us.

Federal and state banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, a federal or state banking agency were to determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of any of our operations had

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become unsatisfactory, or that we or our management was in violation of any law or regulation, it may take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital, to restrict our growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against our officers or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate our deposit insurance. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, we could be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to the Community Reinvestment Act and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions.

The CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending laws and regulations impose nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. The Department of Justice and other federal agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. A successful challenge to an institution’s performance under the CRA or fair lending laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity, and restrictions on expansion activity. Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation.

The Federal Reserve may require us to commit capital resources to support our subsidiary bank.banks.

As a matter of policy, the Federal Reserve, which examines us and our subsidiaries, expects a bank holding company to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to a subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support such subsidiary bank. Under the “source of strength” doctrine, the Federal Reserve may require a bank holding company to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the bank holding company with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices for failure to commit resources to such a subsidiary bank. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act directs the federal bank regulators to require that all companies that directly or indirectly control an insured depository institution serve as a source of strength for the institution. Under this requirement, we could be required to provide financial assistance to our subsidiary bank should our subsidiary bank experience financial distress.

A capital injection may be required at times when we do not have the resources to provide it and therefore we may be required to borrow the funds or raise additional equity capital from third parties. Any loans by a holding company to its subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of the subsidiary bank. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee will assume any commitment by the holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank. Moreover, bankruptcy law provides that claims based on any such commitment will be entitled to a priority of payment over the claims of the holding company’s general unsecured creditors, including the holders of its indebtedness. Any financing that must be done by the holding company in order to make the required capital injection may be difficult and expensive and may not be available on attractive terms, or at all, which likely would have a material adverse effect on us.

We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations.

The federal Bank Secrecy Act, the USA PATRIOT Act and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, among other duties, to institute and maintain an effective anti-money laundering program and file suspicious activity and currency transaction reports as appropriate. The federalFederal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, established by the U.S. Treasury Department to administer the Bank Secrecy Act, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of

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those requirements, and engages in coordinated enforcement efforts with the individual federal banking regulators, as well as the Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, and Internal Revenue Service. There is also increased scrutiny of compliance with the rules enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. If our policies, procedures and systems are deemed deficient or the policies, procedures and systems of the financial institutions that we may acquire in the future are deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions (such as restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, including our acquisition plans), which could materially and adversely affect us. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us.

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Federal, state and local consumer lending laws may restrict our ability to originate certain mortgage loans or increase our risk of liability with respect to such loans and could increase our cost of doing business.

Federal, state and local laws have been adopted that are intended to eliminate certain lending practices considered “predatory.” These laws prohibit practices such as steering borrowers away from more affordable products, selling unnecessary insurance to borrowers, repeatedly refinancing loans and making loans without a reasonable expectation that the borrowers will be able to repay the loans irrespective of the value of the underlying property. It is our policy not to make predatory loans, but these laws create the potential for liability with respect to our lending and loan investment activities. They increase our cost of doing business and, ultimately, may prevent us from making certain loans or cause us to reduce the average percentage rate or the points and fees on loans that we do make.

Our ability to pay dividends is subject to regulatory limitations and our bank subsidiary’s ability to pay dividends to us is also subject to regulatory limitations.

Our ability to declare and pay dividends depends both on the ability of our bank subsidiary to pay dividends to us and on certain federal regulatory considerations, including the guidelines of the Federal Reserve regarding capital adequacy and dividends. Because we are a separate legal entity from our bank subsidiary and we do not have significant operations of our own, any dividends paid by us to our shareholders would have to be paid from funds at the holding company level that are legally available therefor. However, as a bank holding company, we are subject to general regulatory restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. Federal bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their business, which depending on the financial condition and liquidity of the holding company at the time, could include the payment of dividends. Additionally, various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that our bank subsidiary can pay to us as its holding company without regulatory approval. Finally, holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive such dividends as our board of directors may declare in its unilateral discretion. Dividends are paid out of funds legally available for such purpose based on a variety of considerations, including, without limitation, our historical and projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, capital levels, tax considerations, statutory and regulatory prohibitions and other limitations, general economic conditions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, we may not pay the amount of dividends referenced in our current intention above, or any dividends at all, to our shareholders in the future.

Tax legislation initiatives or challenges to our tax positions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We operate in multiple jurisdictions, and we are subject to tax laws and regulations of the U.S. federal, state and local governments. From time to time, legislative initiatives may be adopted, which may impact our effective tax rate and could adversely affect our deferred tax assets, tax positions and/or our tax liabilities. In addition, U.S. federal, state and local tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. There can be no assurance that our historical tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in defending our positions in connection with any such challenge.

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Item 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None

Item 2.       PROPERTIES.

Our principal executive offices are located in the Denver Tech Center area immediately south of Denver, Colorado.Colorado and cover approximately 47,000 square feet. We also have approximately 70,00057,000 square feet of office and operations space in Kansas City, Missouri. At December 31, 2021,2022, we operated 4038 banking centers in Colorado, 34 in Kansas and Missouri, nine in Wyoming, eight in Utah, two in Texas, one in Utah and four in New Mexico.Mexico and three in Idaho. Of these banking centers, 6169 were owned and 2029 locations were leased.

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Item 3.       LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. We do not believe that any of our pending legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Item 4.       MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

None.

PART II

Item 5.       MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity

Shares of the Company’s common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “NBHC”. The Company had 171231 shareholders of record as of February 21, 2022.24, 2023. Management estimates that the number of beneficial owners is significantly greater.

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Performance Graph

The following graph presents a comparison of the Company’s performance to the indices named below. It assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2016,2017, with dividends invested on a total return basis.

GraphicGraphic

Period Ending

Period Ending

Index

12/31/16

12/31/17

12/31/18

12/31/19

12/31/20

12/31/21

12/31/17

12/31/18

12/31/19

12/31/20

12/31/21

12/31/22

NBHC

100.00

102.77

99.24

115.67

110.51

151.45

100.00

96.57

112.55

107.53

147.37

144.19

KBW Regional Banking Index

100.00

101.81

84.00

104.05

95.02

129.84

100.00

82.51

102.20

93.33

127.53

118.71

Russell 2000 Index

100.00

114.63

101.99

127.98

153.49

176.18

100.00

88.97

111.65

133.90

153.70

122.25

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The following table sets forth information about our repurchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2021:2022:

    

    

    

    

Maximum

    

    

    

    

Maximum

Total number of

approximate dollar

Total number of

approximate dollar

shares purchased

value of shares

shares purchased

value of shares

as part of publicly

that may yet be

as part of publicly

that may yet be

Total number

Average price

announced plans

purchased under the

Total number

Average price

announced plans

purchased under the

Period

of shares purchased

paid per share

or programs

plans or programs (3)

of shares purchased

paid per share

or programs

plans or programs (2)

October 1 - October 31, 2021(1)

5,102

$

42.91

$

55,640,399

November 1 - November 30, 2021(2)

152,001

45.37

147,204

48,961,068

December 1 - December 31, 2021

237,795

43.49

237,795

38,618,179

October 1 - October 31, 2022(1)

5,484

$

40.79

$

38,618,179

November 1 - November 30, 2022(1)

1,481

48.65

38,618,179

December 1 - December 31, 2022(1)

2,373

43.48

$

38,618,179

Total

 

394,898

44.21

 

384,999

 

9,338

42.72

 

(1)

Represents shares purchased other than through publicly announced plans purchased pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plans at the then current market value in satisfaction of stock option exercise prices, settlements of restricted stock and tax withholdings.

(2)

Of the shares repurchased in November 2021, 4,797 shares were purchased other than through publicly announced plans. These shares were purchased pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plans at the then current market value in satisfaction of stock option exercise prices, settlements of restricted stock and tax withholdings.

(3)

    

On February 24, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new program to repurchase up to $75.0 million of the Company’s stock from time to time in either the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The new program of $75.0 million replaced the previously authorized $50.0 million stock repurchase program announced in February 2020 in its entirety. The remaining authorization under the new program as of December 31, 20212022 was $38.6 million.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

During the second quarter of 2014, shareholders approved the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). Under the 2014 Plan, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has the authority to grant, from time to time, awards of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, other stock-based awards, or any combination thereof to eligible persons. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the aggregate number of Company common stock available for issuance under the 2014 Plan was 4,048,7613,608,461 shares.

During the second quarter of 2015, shareholders approved the Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP allows employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions up to a limit of $25,000 per calendar year or 2,000 shares per offering period. The price an employee pays for shares is 90% of the fair market value of Company common stock on the last day of the offering period. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the aggregate number of Company common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was 281,896262,482 shares.

See note 1617 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail related to these equity compensation plans.

Plan Category

    

Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights

    

Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights

    

Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans

    

Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights

    

Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights

    

Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans

Equity plans approved by security holders

695,960

$

28.19

4,330,657

717,088

$

29.79

3,870,943

Equity plans not approved by security holders

Total

695,960

$

28.19

4,330,657

717,088

$

29.79

3,870,943

Item 6.       SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

The following table sets forth a summary of selected historical financial information derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the five years ended December 31, 2021.2022. This information should be read together with the related notes thereto as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”

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included elsewhere in this annual report. Such information is not necessarily indicative of anticipated future results. All amounts are presented in thousands, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted.

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Summary of Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Data:

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Cash and cash equivalents

$

845,695

$

605,565

$

110,190

$

109,556

$

257,364

$

195,505

$

845,695

$

605,565

$

110,190

$

109,556

Investment securities available-for-sale (at fair value)

 

691,847

 

661,955

 

638,249

 

791,102

 

855,345

 

706,289

 

691,847

 

661,955

 

638,249

 

791,102

Investment securities held-to-maturity

 

609,012

 

376,615

 

182,884

 

235,398

 

258,730

 

651,527

 

609,012

 

376,615

 

182,884

 

235,398

Non-marketable securities

 

50,740

 

16,493

 

29,751

 

27,555

 

15,030

 

89,049

 

50,740

 

17,260

 

29,751

 

27,555

Loans (1)

 

4,513,383

 

4,353,726

 

4,415,406

 

4,092,308

 

3,178,947

 

7,220,469

 

4,513,383

 

4,353,726

 

4,415,406

 

4,092,308

Allowance for credit losses

 

(49,694)

 

(59,777)

 

(39,064)

 

(35,692)

 

(31,264)

 

(89,553)

 

(49,694)

 

(59,777)

 

(39,064)

 

(35,692)

Loans, net

 

4,463,689

 

4,293,949

 

4,376,342

 

4,056,616

 

3,147,683

 

7,130,916

 

4,463,689

 

4,293,949

 

4,376,342

 

4,056,616

Loans held for sale

 

139,142

 

247,813

 

117,444

 

48,120

 

4,629

 

22,767

 

139,142

 

247,813

 

117,444

 

48,120

Other real estate owned

 

7,005

 

4,730

 

7,300

 

10,596

 

10,491

 

3,731

 

7,005

 

4,730

 

7,300

 

10,596

Premises and equipment, net

 

96,747

 

106,982

 

112,151

 

109,986

 

93,708

 

136,111

 

96,747

 

106,982

 

112,151

 

109,986

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net

 

127,349

 

132,955

 

126,388

 

128,497

 

61,237

 

339,019

 

127,349

 

132,955

 

126,388

 

128,497

Other assets

 

182,785

 

212,893

 

194,813

 

159,240

 

139,248

 

298,329

 

182,785

 

212,126

 

194,813

 

159,240

Total assets

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

$

5,895,512

$

5,676,666

$

4,843,465

$

9,573,243

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

$

5,895,512

$

5,676,666

Deposits

$

6,228,173

$

5,676,232

$

4,737,132

$

4,535,621

$

3,979,559

$

7,872,626

$

6,228,173

$

5,676,232

$

4,737,132

$

4,535,621

Long-term debt, net

39,478

53,890

39,478

Other liabilities

 

106,254

 

163,027

 

391,460

 

446,039

 

331,499

 

554,525

 

106,254

 

163,027

 

391,460

 

446,039

Total liabilities

 

6,373,905

 

5,839,259

 

5,128,592

 

4,981,660

 

4,311,058

 

8,481,041

 

6,373,905

 

5,839,259

 

5,128,592

 

4,981,660

Total shareholders’ equity

 

840,106

 

820,691

 

766,920

 

695,006

 

532,407

 

1,092,202

 

840,106

 

820,691

 

766,920

 

695,006

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

$

5,895,512

$

5,676,666

$

4,843,465

$

9,573,243

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

$

5,895,512

$

5,676,666

(1)

    

Total loans are net of unearned discounts and deferred fees and costs.

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Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

As of and for the years ended

As of and for the years ended

    

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

    

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

    

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

    

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Interest income

$

200,965

$

218,002

$

242,601

$

221,391

$

164,421

$

284,688

$

200,965

$

218,002

$

242,601

$

221,391

Interest expense

 

13,821

 

25,056

 

36,771

 

23,954

 

18,115

 

17,853

 

13,821

 

25,056

 

36,771

 

23,954

Net interest income

 

187,144

 

192,946

 

205,830

 

197,437

 

146,306

 

266,835

 

187,144

 

192,946

 

205,830

 

197,437

Provision (release) expense for loan losses

 

(9,293)

 

17,630

 

11,643

 

5,197

 

12,972

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

 

196,437

 

175,316

 

194,187

 

192,240

 

133,334

Provision expense (release) for credit losses

 

36,729

 

(9,293)

 

17,630

 

11,643

 

5,197

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

230,106

 

196,437

 

175,316

 

194,187

 

192,240

Non-interest income

 

110,364

 

140,258

 

82,752

 

70,775

 

39,205

 

67,312

 

110,364

 

140,258

 

82,752

 

70,775

Non-interest expense

 

191,830

 

206,177

 

180,745

 

189,334

 

136,677

 

211,234

 

191,830

 

206,177

 

180,745

 

189,334

Income before income taxes

 

114,971

 

109,397

 

96,194

 

73,681

 

35,862

 

86,184

 

114,971

 

109,397

 

96,194

 

73,681

Income tax expense

 

21,365

 

20,806

 

15,829

 

12,230

 

21,283

 

14,910

 

21,365

 

20,806

 

15,829

 

12,230

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

61,451

$

14,579

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

61,451

Share Information:

Earnings per share, basic

$

3.04

$

2.87

$

2.57

$

2.00

$

0.54

$

2.20

$

3.04

$

2.87

$

2.57

$

2.00

Earnings per share, diluted

3.01

2.85

2.55

1.95

0.53

2.18

3.01

2.85

2.55

1.95

Dividends paid

0.87

0.80

0.75

0.54

0.34

0.94

0.87

0.80

0.75

0.54

Book value per share

28.04

26.79

24.60

22.59

19.81

29.04

28.04

26.79

24.60

22.59

Tangible common book value per share(1)

24.33

23.09

20.89

18.77

17.94

20.63

24.33

23.09

20.89

18.77

Total shareholders' equity to total assets

11.65%

12.32%

13.01%

12.24%

10.99%

11.41%

11.65%

12.32%

13.01%

12.24%

Tangible common equity to tangible assets(1)

10.26%

10.80%

11.27%

10.39%

10.06%

8.38%

10.26%

10.80%

11.27%

10.39%

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

 

30,727,566

 

30,857,086

 

31,175,825

 

30,748,234

 

26,928,763

 

32,360,005

 

30,727,566

 

30,857,086

 

31,175,825

 

30,748,234

Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted

 

31,068,159

 

31,075,857

 

31,530,817

 

31,430,074

 

27,709,659

 

32,680,932

 

31,068,159

 

31,075,857

 

31,530,817

 

31,430,074

Common shares outstanding

 

29,958,764

 

30,634,291

 

31,176,627

 

30,769,063

 

26,875,585

 

37,608,519

 

29,958,764

 

30,634,291

 

31,176,627

 

30,769,063

(1)

Tangible book value per share and tangible common equity to tangible assets are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are book value per share and total shareholders’ equity to total assets. See the reconciliation under “About Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

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Key RatiosMetrics

As of and for the years ended

As of and for the years ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

Return on average assets

 

1.33%

1.40%

1.38%

1.10%

0.31%

0.91%

1.33%

1.40%

1.38%

1.10%

Return on average tangible assets(1)

 

1.37%

1.44%

1.42%

1.15%

0.38%

0.95%

1.37%

1.44%

1.42%

1.15%

Return on average tangible assets, adjusted(1)(2)

1.32%

1.37%

1.44%

1.42%

1.26%

Return on average equity

 

11.06%

11.24%

10.89%

9.28%

2.67%

7.88%

11.06%

11.24%

10.89%

9.28%

Return on average tangible common equity(1)

 

12.87%

13.27%

13.07%

11.60%

3.61%

9.91%

12.87%

13.27%

13.07%

11.60%

Loan to deposit ratio (end of period)

72.47%

76.70%

93.21%

90.23%

80.00%

Return on average tangible common equity, adjusted(1)(2)

13.75%

12.87%

13.27%

13.07%

12.76%

Loan to deposit ratio (end of period)(9)

91.72%

72.47%

76.70%

93.21%

90.23%

Non-interest bearing deposits to total deposits (end of period)

 

40.24%

37.19%

25.01%

23.64%

22.68%

39.82%

40.24%

37.19%

25.01%

23.64%

Net interest margin(2)

 

2.87%

3.33%

3.83%

3.85%

3.36%

Net interest margin FTE(1)(2)(3)

 

2.95%

3.42%

3.93%

3.93%

3.50%

Interest rate spread FTE(3)(4)

 

2.79%

3.21%

3.65%

3.77%

3.35%

Yield on earning assets(5)

 

3.08%

3.76%

4.52%

4.31%

3.78%

Yield on earning assets FTE(1)(2)(3)

 

3.16%

3.85%

4.61%

4.40%

3.91%

Net interest margin(3)

3.65%

2.87%

3.33%

3.83%

3.85%

Net interest margin FTE(1)(3)(4)

3.73%

2.95%

3.42%

3.93%

3.93%

Interest rate spread FTE(1)(4)(5)

3.54%

2.79%

3.21%

3.65%

3.77%

Yield on earning assets(6)

3.90%

3.08%

3.76%

4.52%

4.31%

Yield on earning assets FTE(1)(4)(6)

3.97%

3.16%

3.85%

4.61%

4.40%

Cost of interest bearing liabilities

 

0.37%

0.64%

0.96%

0.63%

0.56%

0.43%

0.37%

0.64%

0.96%

0.63%

Cost of deposits

 

0.23%

0.45%

0.64%

0.45%

0.41%

0.22%

0.23%

0.45%

0.64%

0.45%

Non-interest income to total revenue FTE(3)

36.46%

41.46%

28.18%

25.95%

20.49%

Non-interest income to total revenue FTE(4)

19.82%

36.46%

41.46%

28.18%

25.95%

Non-interest expense to average assets

 

2.73%

3.26%

3.10%

3.38%

2.90%

2.70%

2.73%

3.26%

3.10%

3.38%

Efficiency ratio

64.08%

61.52%

62.22%

69.78%

70.80%

63.22%

64.48%

61.88%

62.63%

70.59%

Efficiency ratio FTE(1)(3)

 

62.99%

60.59%

61.15%

68.64%

68.63%

Efficiency ratio FTE(1)(4)

62.19%

63.38%

60.94%

61.55%

69.43%

Efficiency ratio FTE, adjusted(1)(2)(4)

57.07%

62.99%

60.59%

61.15%

68.64%

Pre-provision net revenue

$

122,913

$

105,678

$

127,027

$

107,837

$

78,878

Pre-provision net revenue FTE(1)(4)

128,425

110,839

132,130

112,902

83,360

Pre-provision net revenue FTE adjusted for acquisition-related expense(1)(2)(4)

143,492

110,839

132,130

112,902

83,360

Total Loans Asset Quality Data(6)(7)(8)

Total Loans Asset Quality Data(7)(8)(9)

Non-performing loans to total loans

 

0.24%

0.47%

0.49%

0.60%

0.66%

0.23%

0.24%

0.47%

0.49%

0.60%

Non-performing loans to total loans excluding PPP loans

 

0.24%

0.49%

0.49%

0.60%

0.66%

Non-performing assets to total loans and OREO

 

0.39%

0.58%

0.66%

0.85%

0.99%

0.28%

0.39%

0.58%

0.66%

0.85%

Non-performing assets to total loans and OREO excluding PPP loans

 

0.40%

0.60%

0.66%

0.85%

0.99%

Allowance for credit losses to total loans

 

1.10%

1.37%

0.88%

0.87%

0.98%

1.24%

1.10%

1.37%

0.88%

0.87%

Allowance for credit losses to total loans excluding PPP loans

 

1.11%

1.43%

0.88%

0.87%

0.98%

Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans

 

458.77%

293.21%

179.62%

145.94%

148.88%

542.35%

458.77%

293.21%

179.62%

145.94%

Net charge-offs to average loans

 

0.03%

0.06%

0.19%

0.02%

0.36%

0.03%

0.03%

0.06%

0.19%

0.02%

(1)

    

Ratio represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See non-GAAP reconciliation below.

(2)

Ratios are adjusted for acquisition-related expenses. See non-GAAP reconciliation below.

(3)

    

Net interest margin represents net interest income, including accretion income on interest earning assets, as a percentage of average interest earning assets.

(3)(4)

Presented on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis using the statutory rate of 21% for 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and 35% for 2017.all periods presented. The taxable equivalent adjustments included above are $5,512, $5,161, $5,103, $5,065 $4,482 and $5,852$4,482 for the years ended 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 2018, and 2017,2018, respectively.

(4)(5)

    

Interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest bearing liabilities.

(5)(6)

Interest earning assets include assets that earn interest/accretion or dividends. Any market value adjustments on investment securities or loans are excluded from interest-earning assets.

(6)(7)

    

Non-performing loans consist of non-accruing loans and restructured loans on non-accrual.

(7)(8)

    

Non-performing assets include non-performing loans, other real estate owned and other repossessed assets.

(8)(9)

    

Total loans are net of unearned discounts and fees.

4038

Table of Contents

About Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Certain of the financial measures and ratios we present, including “tangible assets,” “average tangible assets,” “return on average tangible assets,” “tangible common equity,” “tangible common equity to tangible assets,” “return on average tangible common equity,” “tangible common book value,” “tangible common book value per share,” “tangible common equity” “tangible common equity to tangible assets,” “tangible common book value, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax,” “tangible common book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax,” “adjusted non-interest expense,” “non-interest expense to average assets, adjusted,” “adjusted net income,” “adjusted net income excluding core deposit intangible amortization expense, after tax,” “adjusted earnings per share - diluted,” “adjusted return on average tangible assets,” “adjusted return on average tangible common equity,” “non-interest expense adjusted for CDI asset amortization and acquisition-related expenses,” “non-interest expense adjusted for acquisition-related expenses,” “efficiency ratio adjusted for CDI and WMI amortization and acquisition-related expenses,” “pre-provision net revenue,” “pre-provision net revenue adjusted for acquisition-related expenses,” “tangible common book value, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax,” “tangible common book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax,” “adjusted net income excluding CDI amortization expense, after tax,” “net income adjusted for the impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense and acquisition-related expenses, after tax,” “net income excluding the impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense, after tax,” and “fully taxable equivalent (FTE)”equivalent” metrics, are supplemental measures that are not required by, or are not presented in accordance with, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We refer to these financial measures and ratios as “non-GAAP financial measures.” We consider the use of select non-GAAP financial measures and ratios to be useful for financial and operational decision making and useful in evaluating period-to-period comparisons. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain expensesexpenditures or assets that we believe are not indicative of our primary business operating results or by presenting certain metrics on an FTE basis. We believe that management and investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our performance and when planning, forecasting, analyzing and comparing past, present and future periods.

These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP and you should not rely on non-GAAP financial measures alone as measures of our performance. The non-GAAP financial measures we present may differ from non-GAAP financial measures used by our peers or other companies. We compensate for these limitations by providing the equivalent GAAP measures whenever we present the non-GAAP financial measures and by including a reconciliation of the impact of the components adjusted for in the non-GAAP financial measure so that both measures and the individual components may be considered when analyzing our performance.

4139

Table of Contents

A reconciliation of our GAAP financial measures to the comparable non-GAAP financial measures is as follows:

Tangible Common Book Value Ratios

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

Total shareholders’ equity

$

840,106

$

820,691

$

766,920

$

695,006

$

532,407

Less: goodwill and core deposit intangible assets, net

 

(121,392)

 

(122,575)

 

(123,758)

 

(124,941)

 

(61,237)

Total shareholders' equity

$

1,092,202

$

840,106

$

820,691

$

766,920

$

695,006

Less: goodwill, core deposit (“CDI”) and wealth management (“WMI”) intangible assets, net

 

(327,191)

 

(121,392)

 

(122,575)

 

(123,758)

 

(124,941)

Add: deferred tax liability related to goodwill

 

10,070

 

9,155

 

8,241

 

7,327

 

10,873

 

10,984

 

10,070

 

9,155

 

8,241

 

7,327

Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)

$

728,784

$

707,271

$

651,403

$

577,392

$

482,043

$

775,995

$

728,784

$

707,271

$

651,403

$

577,392

Total assets

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

$

5,895,512

$

5,676,666

$

4,843,465

$

9,573,243

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

$

5,895,512

$

5,676,666

Less: goodwill and core deposit intangible assets, net

 

(121,392)

 

(122,575)

 

(123,758)

 

(124,941)

 

(61,237)

Less: goodwill, CDI and WMI assets, net

 

(327,191)

 

(121,392)

 

(122,575)

 

(123,758)

 

(124,941)

Add: deferred tax liability related to goodwill

 

10,070

 

9,155

 

8,241

 

7,327

 

10,873

 

10,984

 

10,070

 

9,155

 

8,241

 

7,327

Tangible assets (non-GAAP)

$

7,102,689

$

6,546,530

$

5,779,995

$

5,559,052

$

4,793,101

$

9,257,036

$

7,102,689

$

6,546,530

$

5,779,995

$

5,559,052

Tangible common equity to tangible assets calculations:

Total shareholders' equity to total assets

 

11.65%

 

12.32%

 

13.01%

 

12.24%

 

10.99%

 

11.41%

 

11.65%

 

12.32%

 

13.01%

 

12.24%

Less: impact of goodwill and core deposit intangible assets, net

 

(1.39)%

 

(1.52)%

 

(1.74)%

 

(1.85)%

 

(0.93)%

Less: impact of goodwill, CDI and WMI assets, net

 

(3.03)%

 

(1.39)%

 

(1.52)%

 

(1.74)%

 

(1.85)%

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)

 

10.26%

 

10.80%

 

11.27%

 

10.39%

 

10.06%

 

8.38%

 

10.26%

 

10.80%

 

11.27%

 

10.39%

Tangible common book value per share calculations:

Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)

$

728,784

$

707,271

$

651,403

$

577,392

$

482,043

$

775,995

$

728,784

$

707,271

$

651,403

$

577,392

Divided by: ending shares outstanding

 

29,958,764

 

30,634,291

 

31,176,627

 

30,769,063

 

26,875,585

 

37,608,519

 

29,958,764

 

30,634,291

 

31,176,627

 

30,769,063

Tangible common book value per share (non-GAAP)

$

24.33

$

23.09

$

20.89

$

18.77

$

17.94

$

20.63

$

24.33

$

23.09

$

20.89

$

18.77

Tangible common book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss (income) calculations:

Tangible common book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income calculations:

Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)

$

728,784

$

707,271

$

651,403

$

577,392

$

482,043

$

775,995

$

728,784

$

707,271

$

651,403

$

577,392

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax

 

6,963

 

(9,766)

 

(2,062)

 

11,275

 

6,242

 

88,204

 

6,963

 

(9,766)

 

(2,062)

 

11,275

Tangible common book value, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax (non-GAAP)

 

735,747

 

697,505

 

649,341

 

588,667

 

488,285

Tangible common book value, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (non-GAAP)

 

864,199

 

735,747

 

697,505

 

649,341

 

588,667

Divided by: ending shares outstanding

 

29,958,764

 

30,634,291

 

31,176,627

 

30,769,063

 

26,875,585

 

37,608,519

 

29,958,764

 

30,634,291

 

31,176,627

 

30,769,063

Tangible common book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax (non-GAAP)

$

24.56

$

22.77

$

20.83

$

19.13

$

18.17

Tangible common book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (non-GAAP)

$

22.98

$

24.56

$

22.77

$

20.83

$

19.13

4240

Table of Contents

Return on Average Tangible Assets and Return on Average Tangible Equity

As of and for the years ended

    

As of and for the years ended

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

61,451

$

14,579

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

61,451

Add: impact of core deposit intangible amortization expense, after tax

 

909

 

910

 

899

 

1,649

 

3,259

Net income adjusted for impact of core deposit intangible amortization expense, after tax

$

94,515

$

89,501

$

81,264

$

63,100

$

17,838

Add: impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense, after tax

 

1,799

 

909

 

910

 

899

 

1,649

Net income excluding the impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense, after tax (non-GAAP)

$

73,073

$

94,515

$

89,501

$

81,264

$

63,100

Net income excluding the impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense, after tax

$

73,073

$

94,515

$

89,501

$

81,264

$

63,100

Add: acquisition-related adjustments, after tax (non-GAAP)(1)

28,303

6,321

Net income adjusted for the impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense and acquisition-related expenses, after tax (non-GAAP)(1)

$

101,376

$

94,515

$

89,501

$

81,264

$

69,421

Average assets

$

7,020,111

$

6,326,268

$

5,837,121

$

5,607,532

$

4,705,241

$

7,829,792

$

7,020,111

$

6,326,268

$

5,837,121

$

5,607,532

Less: average goodwill and core deposit intangible asset, net of deferred tax liability related to goodwill

 

(111,944)

 

(114,031)

 

(116,104)

 

(118,546)

 

(52,958)

Less: average goodwill, CDI and WMI assets, net of deferred tax liability related to goodwill

 

(166,857)

 

(111,944)

 

(114,031)

 

(116,104)

 

(118,546)

Average tangible assets (non-GAAP)

$

6,908,167

$

6,212,237

$

5,721,017

$

5,488,986

$

4,652,283

$

7,662,935

$

6,908,167

$

6,212,237

$

5,721,017

$

5,488,986

Average shareholders' equity

$

846,539

$

788,286

$

737,923

$

662,420

$

546,716

$

904,381

$

846,539

$

788,286

$

737,923

$

662,420

Less: average goodwill and core deposit intangible asset, net of deferred tax liability related to goodwill

 

(111,944)

 

(114,031)

 

(116,104)

 

(118,546)

 

(52,958)

Less: average goodwill, CDI and WMI assets, net of deferred tax liability related to goodwill

 

(166,857)

 

(111,944)

 

(114,031)

 

(116,104)

 

(118,546)

Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)

$

734,595

$

674,255

$

621,819

$

543,874

$

493,758

$

737,524

$

734,595

$

674,255

$

621,819

$

543,874

Return on average assets

 

1.33%

 

1.40%

 

1.38%

 

1.10%

 

0.31%

 

0.91%

 

1.33%

 

1.40%

 

1.38%

 

1.10%

Return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP)

 

1.37%

 

1.44%

 

1.42%

 

1.15%

 

0.38%

 

0.95%

 

1.37%

 

1.44%

 

1.42%

 

1.15%

Adjusted return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP)

 

1.32%

 

1.37%

 

1.44%

1.42%

 

1.26%

Return on average equity

 

11.06%

 

11.24%

 

10.89%

 

9.28%

 

2.67%

 

7.88%

 

11.06%

 

11.24%

 

10.89%

 

9.28%

Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)

 

12.87%

 

13.27%

 

13.07%

 

11.60%

 

3.61%

 

9.91%

 

12.87%

 

13.27%

 

13.07%

 

11.60%

Adjusted return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)

 

13.75%

 

12.87%

 

13.27%

 

13.07%

 

12.76%

(1) Acquisition-related adjustments:

Provision expense adjustments:

CECL day 1 provision expense (non-GAAP)

$

21,706

$

$

$

$

Non-interest expense adjustments:

Acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP)

15,067

7,957

Acquisition-related adjustments before tax (non-GAAP)

36,773

7,957

Tax expense impact

(8,470)

(1,636)

Acquisition-related adjustments, after tax (non-GAAP)

$

28,303

$

$

$

$

6,321

Fully Taxable Equivalent Yield on Earning Assets and Net Interest Margin

As of and for the years ended

As of and for the years ended

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Interest income

$

200,965

$

218,002

$

242,601

$

221,391

$

164,421

$

284,688

$

200,965

$

218,002

$

242,601

$

221,391

Add: impact of taxable equivalent adjustment

 

5,161

 

5,103

 

5,065

 

4,482

 

5,852

 

5,512

 

5,161

 

5,103

 

5,065

 

4,482

Interest income FTE (non-GAAP)

$

206,126

$

223,105

$

247,666

$

225,873

$

170,273

$

290,200

$

206,126

$

223,105

$

247,666

$

225,873

Net interest income

$

187,144

$

192,946

$

205,830

$

197,437

$

146,306

$

266,835

$

187,144

$

192,946

$

205,830

$

197,437

Add: impact of taxable equivalent adjustment

 

5,161

 

5,103

 

5,065

 

4,482

 

5,852

 

5,512

 

5,161

 

5,103

 

5,065

 

4,482

Net interest income FTE (non-GAAP)

$

192,305

$

198,049

$

210,895

$

201,919

$

152,158

$

272,347

$

192,305

$

198,049

$

210,895

$

201,919

Average earning assets

$

6,521,300

$

5,795,864

$

5,368,073

$

5,131,694

$

4,353,320

$

7,308,753

$

6,521,300

$

5,795,864

$

5,368,073

$

5,131,694

Yield on earning assets

 

3.08%

 

3.76%

 

4.52%

 

4.31%

 

3.78%

 

3.90%

 

3.08%

 

3.76%

 

4.52%

 

4.31%

Yield on earning assets FTE (non-GAAP)

 

3.16%

 

3.85%

 

4.61%

 

4.40%

 

3.91%

 

3.97%

 

3.16%

 

3.85%

 

4.61%

 

4.40%

Net interest margin

 

2.87%

 

3.33%

 

3.83%

 

3.85%

 

3.36%

 

3.65%

 

2.87%

 

3.33%

 

3.83%

 

3.85%

Net interest margin FTE (non-GAAP)

 

2.95%

 

3.42%

 

3.93%

 

3.93%

 

3.50%

 

3.73%

 

2.95%

 

3.42%

 

3.93%

 

3.93%

4341

Table of Contents

Efficiency Ratio and Pre-provision Net Revenue

As of and for the years ended

As of and for the years ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

Net interest income

$

187,144

$

192,946

$

205,830

$

197,437

$

146,306

$

266,835

$

187,144

$

192,946

$

205,830

$

197,437

Add: impact of taxable equivalent adjustment

 

5,161

 

5,103

 

5,065

 

4,482

 

5,852

 

5,512

 

5,161

 

5,103

 

5,065

 

4,482

Net interest income, FTE (non-GAAP)

$

192,305

$

198,049

$

210,895

$

201,919

$

152,158

Net interest income FTE (non-GAAP)

$

272,347

$

192,305

$

198,049

$

210,895

$

201,919

Non-interest income

$

110,364

$

140,258

$

82,752

$

70,775

$

39,205

$

67,312

$

110,364

$

140,258

$

82,752

$

70,775

Non-interest expense

$

191,830

$

206,177

$

180,745

$

189,334

$

136,677

$

211,234

$

191,830

$

206,177

$

180,745

$

189,334

Less: core deposit intangible asset amortization

 

(1,183)

 

(1,183)

 

(1,183)

 

(2,170)

 

(5,342)

Non-interest expense, adjusted for core deposit intangible asset amortization (non-GAAP)

$

190,647

$

204,994

$

179,562

$

187,164

$

131,335

Less: CDI and WMI asset amortization

 

(2,338)

 

(1,183)

 

(1,183)

 

(1,183)

 

(2,170)

Less: acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP)

(15,067)

Non-interest expense adjusted for CDI and WMI asset amortization and acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP)

$

193,829

$

190,647

$

204,994

$

179,562

$

187,164

Non-interest expense

$

211,234

$

191,830

$

206,177

$

180,745

$

189,334

Less: acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP)

 

(15,067)

 

 

 

 

Non-interest expense, adjusted for impact of CDI and WMI amortization expense and acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP)

$

196,167

$

191,830

$

206,177

$

180,745

$

189,334

Efficiency ratio

64.08%

61.52%

62.22%

69.78%

70.80%

63.22%

64.48%

61.88%

62.63%

70.59%

Efficiency ratio FTE (non-GAAP)

62.99%

60.59%

61.15%

68.64%

68.63%

62.19%

63.38%

60.94%

61.55%

69.43%

Efficiency ratio adjusted for CDI and WMI amortization and acquisition-related expenses FTE (non-GAAP)

57.07%

62.99%

60.59%

61.15%

68.64%

Pre-provision net revenue (non-GAAP)

$

122,913

$

105,678

$

127,027

$

107,837

$

78,878

Pre-provision net revenue, FTE (non-GAAP)

128,425

110,839

132,130

112,902

83,360

Pre-provision net revenue FTE, adjusted for acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP)

143,492

110,839

132,130

112,902

83,360

Adjusted Net Income and Earnings Per Share

As of and for the years ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Adjustments to net income:

Net income

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

61,451

Add: Acquisition-related adjustments, after tax (non-GAAP)

28,303

6,321

Adjusted net income (non-GAAP)

$

99,577

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

67,772

Adjustments to earnings per share:

Earnings per share - diluted

$

2.18

$

3.01

$

2.85

$

2.55

$

1.95

Add: Acquisition-related adjustments, after tax (non-GAAP)

0.87

0.21

Adjusted earnings per share - diluted (non-GAAP)

$

3.05

$

3.01

$

2.85

$

2.55

$

2.16

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Item 7.       MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,2020, and with the other financial and statistical data presented in this annual report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results to differ materially from management's expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” and should be read herewith.

Management’s discussion focuses on 2022 results compared to 2021. For a discussion of 2021 results compared to 2020. For a discussion of 2020, results compared to 2019, refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

All amounts are in thousands, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted.

Overview

Our focus is on building relationships by creating a win-win scenario for our clients and our Company. We believe in providing solutions and services to our clients that are based on fairness and simplicity. We have established a solid financial services franchise with a sizable presence for deposit gathering and building client relationships necessary for growth. We are executing on strategic acquisition opportunities to expand our presence in attractive markets and to diversify our revenue streams. Additionally, we are innovating and building strategic fintech partnerships with the goal of delivering a comprehensive digital financial ecosystem for our clients. We are focused on providing small and medium-sized businesses with alternative digital access to address borrowing, depository and cash management needs, while also providing information management and access to blockchaindigital payment tools, under the safety of a regulated bank. We believe that our established presence in our core markets of Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Texas, Utah, andWyoming, Texas, New Mexico and Idaho, as well as our ongoing investment in digital solutions and blockchain solutionsstrategic acquisitions, position us well for growth opportunities. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we had $9.6 billion in assets, $7.2 billion in assets, $4.5loans, $7.9 billion in loans, $6.2deposits, $1.1 billion in depositsequity and $0.8 billion in equity.assets under management in our trust and wealth management business.

Operating Highlights and Key Challenges

On September 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Community Bancorporation, the holding company for Rock Canyon Bank (“RCB”), headquartered in Provo, Utah. At the close of the acquisition, the Company acquired seven banking centers in the greater Salt Lake City region. The acquisition added $832.2 million in total assets, $537.7 million in loans and $734.5 million in deposits as of September 1, 2022. The merger consideration totaled $140.4 million and consisted of $124.3 million in Company stock and $16.1 million in cash. All core operating systems were converted during the fourth quarter of 2022.

On October 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated, the holding company for Bank of Jackson Hole (“BOJH”), with operations in Jackson Hole, Wyoming and Idaho. At the close of the acquisition, the Company acquired 12 banking centers. As of October 1, 2022, the acquisition added $1.5 billion in total assets, $1.2 billion in loans and $1.4 billion in deposits and an attractive Wyoming-based trust and wealth management business with $0.8 billion in assets under management. The merger consideration totaled $213.4 million and consisted of $162.5 million in Company stock and $51.0 million in cash. All core operating systems were converted in December of 2022.

Profitability and returns

    

Net income increased $5.0totaled $71.3 million, or 5.7%,$2.18 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to a recordnet income of $93.6 million, as ofor $3.01 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to2021. Adjusting for $36.8 million of non-recurring acquisition-related expenses, including CECL Day 1 provision expense totaling $21.7 million, net income totaled $99.6 million, or $3.05 per diluted share, for the prior year.year ended December 31, 2022.

    

The return on average tangible assets was 0.95% for 2022, compared to 1.37% for 2021, compared to 1.44%2021. Adjusting for 2020.non-recurring acquisition-related expenses, the return on average tangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 1.32%.

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The return on average tangible common equity was 9.91% for 2022, compared to 12.87% for 2021, compared to 13.27%2021. Adjusting for 2020.non-recurring acquisition-related expenses, the return on average tangible common equity for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 13.75%.

Strategic execution

Announced plansCompleted the acquisition of RCB on September 1, 2022, further expanding our presence in the Salt Lake City region. Additionally, the Company became the #1 SBA lender by loan volume in the state of Utah.

Completed the acquisition of BOJH on October 1, 2022, located in the fast-growing Wyoming and Boise markets, adding a favorable Wyoming-domiciled trust business.

Continued to design ainvest in digital solutions for our clients through our financial eco-system, 2UniFiSM, for small and medium-sized businesses that we believe will increase access to financial services while reducing the costs of banking services. We believe the expansion into the digital financial ecosystem through our platform will provide an expanded revenue base, new sources of fee income and drive growth in our low cost deposit base on a national scale.

Strategically invested in two fintech firms including $20.0 million in Finstro Global Holdings, Inc. and $2.0 million in Figure Technologies. We will continue to invest with fintech solution providers to support our ecosystem buildout, support our core bank products and offerings, and to leverage efficiencies and technological solutions in our shared services areas.

As part of our continued focus on improving operating efficiencies and investing in digital solutions for our clients, we completed the previously announced consolidation of seven banking centers and the sale of one banking center during 2021. Banking center consolidation-related income of $4.6 million was recorded in other non-interest income, and banking center consolidation-related expense of $1.6 million was recorded in other non-interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Maintained a conservatively structured loan portfolio represented by diverse industries and concentrations with most industry sector concentrations at 5%10% or less of total loans and all concentration levels remain well below our self-imposed limits.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold mortgage servicing rights of $10.5 million generating a gain of $1.3 million included in mortgage banking income in the consolidated statements of operation.

Repurchased 912,213 shares for $36.4 million at a weighted average price per share of $39.88 during the year ended December 31, 2021.

During 2021, the Company entered into a subordinated note purchase agreement to issue and sell a fixed-to-floating rate note totaling $40.0 million at December 31, 2021. The balance on the note at December 31, 2021, net of issuance costs totaling $0.5 million, totaled $39.5 million. The initial interest rate of the note is 3.00% until November 15, 2026. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of the note for general corporate purposes.

Loan portfolio

    

Loans outstanding totaled $4.5Excluding the newly acquired loans, loans increased $1.0 billion increasing $159.7 million, or 3.7%, from the prior year, largely due to higher commercial and industrial loans of $203.8 million, or 16.0%.

Loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled a record $1.5 billion,21.7% led by originated commercial loan originations totaling $1.1 billion, including PPP loan originationsgrowth of $121.1$629.0 million.

During 2021,New loan fundings during 2022 totaled a record $2.0 billion, led by commercial loan fundings of $1.2 billion. The RCB acquisition added loans totaling $537.7 million on September 1, 2022, and the Company successfully executed PPP loan forgiveness for our clients with a decrease in PPP loan balances of $154.4 million to $21.7 million as of December 31, 2021.BOJH acquisition added loans totaling $1.2 billion on October 1, 2022.

COVID-related loan modificationsLoans outstanding totaled $5.3 million at December 31, 2021, downa record $7.2 billion, increasing $2.7 billion, or 60.0%, from $173.6 million at December 31, 2020 as a majority of the COVID-modified loans have now returned to their full principal and interest payment terms.prior year.

Credit quality

Allowance for credit losses totaled 1.10%1.24% of total loans at December 31, 2021,2022, compared to 1.37%1.10% at December 31, 2020.2021.

    

DuringThe Company recorded an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $39.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a provision release of $9.3 million,2022, which included a provision release$27.4 million from the RCB and BOJH loan portfolios. The remainder of $8.8 million for funded loans and a provision release of $0.5 million for unfunded loan commitments. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded total provision expense of $17.6 million, which included a provision expense of $17.5 million for funded loanswas driven by record loan growth and a provision expense of $0.1 million for unfunded loan commitments.higher allowance requirements from changes in the CECL model’s underlying macro-economic forecast.

    

Net charge-offs of $1.3$1.8 million and $2.7$1.3 million were recorded during 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Net charge-offs to average total loans totaled 0.03% and 0.06%0.03% for 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Credit quality remained strong, as non-performing loans (comprised of non-accrual loans and non-accrual troubled debt restructured loans) decreased to 0.24%0.23% of total loans at December 31, 2021,2022, compared to 0.47%0.24% at December 31, 2020.2021. Non-performing assets to total loans and OREO totaled 0.39%decreased 11 basis points to 0.28% at December 31, 2021, compared to 0.58% at December 31, 2020.2022.

Client deposit funded balance sheet

.9

Average transaction deposits for the fourth quarter of 20212022 totaled $5.3$7.1 billion, increasing 14.2%33.6%, compared to $4.6$5.3 billion for the same period in the prior year.

Average total deposits for the fourth quarter of 20212022 totaled $6.2$8.0 billion, increasing 8.9%29.6%, compared to $5.7$6.2 billion for the same period in the prior year.

    

The mix of transaction deposits to total deposits improved 390240 basis points to 88.9% at December 31, 2022, from 86.5% at December 31, 2021, from 82.6% at December 31, 2020.2021. The RCB acquisition added $734.5 million of total deposits, including $653.0 million of transaction deposits and $81.5 million of time deposits on September 1, 2022, and the BOJH acquisition added $1.4 billion of total deposits, including $1.3 billion of transaction deposits and $0.1 billion of time deposits on October 1, 2022.

Cost of deposits totaled 0.23% for the year ended December 31, 2021, decreasing 22increased 15 basis points comparedwhen comparing the fourth quarter of 2022 to the year ended December 31, 2020.fourth quarter of 2021. The increase represents less than a five percent beta this rate cycle.

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Revenues

    

Fully taxable equivalent net interest income totaled $192.3a record $272.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 a decrease2022 an increase of $5.7$80.0 million, or 2.9%41.6%, compared to the prior year due to a decreasean increase in average loan balancesearning assets, several increases in the federal funds rate since March 2022, and the interest rate actions taken by the Federal Reserve during 2020.excess cash being deployed into higher-yielding originated loans.

The FTE net interest margin narrowed 47widened 78 basis points from the prior year to 2.95%3.73% for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to lower2022, benefitting from an 81 basis point increase in earning asset yields. The yield on earning assets decreased 69 basis points, driven by the remix of assets into lower-yielding cash balances.yields to 3.97%. The cost of funds decreased 22 basis pointstotaled 0.26%, compared to 0.23%. during 2021.

Non-interest income totaled $110.4$67.3 million during 2021,2022, decreasing $29.9$43.1 million, or 21.3%39.0%, from 2020,2021, largely driven by $39.0$39.6 million of lower mortgage banking income due to slower refinance activity in 20212022 and competition driving tighter gain on sale margins. During 2021,2022, service charges and bank card fees increased a combined $2.2$2.1 million.

Other non-interest income increased $7.5decreased $5.6 million largely due to market adjustments on company-owned life insurance and higher unrealized gains on equity method investments included in the prior year. The year ended December 31, 2021 included $4.6 million of gains fromnon-recurring banking center consolidation-related income and $3.0 million of unrealized gains from equity method investments during 2021.income.

Expenses

    

Non-interest expense totaled $191.8$211.2 million during 2021,2022, representing a decreasean increase of $14.3$19.4 million, or 7.0%10.1%, from 2020,2021, primarily driven by lower mortgage-related compensation as well as the Company’s strategic efforts to improve operating efficiencies.expenses from acquisitions.

OccupancyIncluded in the year ended December 31, 2022 were $36.8 million of non-recurring acquisition-related expenses, including $21.7 million of CECL Day 1 provision expense for credit losses, $8.2 million of professional fees, $1.7 million of salaries and benefits, $2.1 million of data processing expense, $1.6 million of occupancy and equipment decreased $2.2expense and $1.5 million during 2021, compared to 2020, largely due to efficiencies gained from banking center consolidations. Banking center consolidation-relatedin other non-interest expense totaling $1.6 million was recorded during 2021, compared to $2.3 million during 2020.in the consolidated statements of operations.

DuringThe FTE efficiency ratio during the year ended December 31, 2021, non-interest expense included $2.5 million of transaction-related2022 totaled 62%, compared to 63% during the year ended December 31, 2021. Adjusting for CDI and WMI asset amortization and non-recurring acquisition-related expenses, for the investmentsFTE efficiency ratio improved 592 basis points to 57% during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the same period in Finstro Global Holdings, Inc. and Figure Technologies to further our vision for building a comprehensive digital financial ecosystemthe prior year.

    

Income tax expense totaled $14.9 million during 2022, compared to $21.4 million during 2021, compared to $20.8 million during 2020. Tax expense was lowered by $0.6 million of tax benefit2021. The 2022 and $0.1 million of tax expense from stock compensation activity during 2021 and 2020, respectively. Adjusting for the stock compensation activity, the 2021 and 2020 effective tax rates were 19.1%17.3% and 19.0%18.6%, respectively.

Strong capital position

    

Capital ratios continue to be strong and in excess of federal bank regulatory agency “well capitalized” thresholds. At December 31, 2021,2022, our consolidated tier 1 leverage ratio was 10.39%9.29%, and our common equity tier 1 and consolidated tier 1 risk based capital ratios were 14.26%10.54%.

    

At December 31, 2021,2022, common book value per share was $28.04.$29.04. The tangible common book value per share increased $1.24decreased $3.70 to $24.33$20.63 at December 31, 2021,2022, compared to December 31, 2020,2021, as earnings, net of dividends paid, were outpaced by a $2.16 increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss and the Company’s earnings outpaced share repurchasesimpact of the RCB and dividends.

The Bank maintains ample liquidity with excess cash liquidity of $372 million and access to $2.7 billion in readily available funds.BOJH acquisitions.

Key Challenges

There are a number of significant challenges confronting us and our industry. We face continual challenges implementing our business strategy. These include growing our assets, particularly loans, and deposits amidst intense competition, changing interest rates, adhering to changes in the regulatory environment and identifying and consummating disciplined acquisition and other expansionary opportunities in a very competitive and inflationary environment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to the U.S. labor market, supply chain, consumer spending and isbusiness operations. The prolonged economic impacts from the pandemic, including inflationary pressures and demand for labor, are likely to continue to present challenges to our business. We continuebusiness and to remain committed to ensuring our associates, clients and communities are receiving the support they need through our banking centers and our digital banking platform. Our teams have been working diligently to support our clients who are experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 through participation in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program, including assistance with PPP loan forgiveness applications, and loan modifications, as needed. While access to vaccines in the United States has increased, the efficacy of those vaccines, the impact of emerging targeted vaccine mandates and newclients.

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variants of the virus, and the length of time that the government-mandated measures must remain in place or potentially be reinstituted to address COVID-19 are unknown. The pandemic has had a negative impact to the U.S. labor market, consumer spending and business operations, and it is not clear how long new outbreaks of COVID-19 cases will have a continued impact.

Our markets have historically outperformed the national averages on many key indicators; however, the economic impact from the COVID-19 pandemic has caused economic strain nationally and across all of our markets. We are encouraged by the positive signs of economic recovery we are seeing throughout our markets. We are focused on growing our loan portfolio while taking a careful approach to extending new credit and adhering to our established underwriting standards and self-imposed concentration limits. A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate and any deterioration in real estate values or credit quality or elevated levels of non-performing assets would ultimately have a negative impact on the quality of our loan portfolio.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had low exposure to industries highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the commercial loan segment, restaurants were 5.7%, retailers 2.7%, hospital/medical 6.8% and oil and gas 0.7% of total loans. Within the commercial real estate non-owner occupied loan segment, hotel and lodging was 4.1%, multifamily 2.1% and retail 1.5% of total loans. The Company had no direct exposure to other industries and loan types more highly impacted by the pandemic including aviation, cruise lines, energy services, auto manufacturing/dealer floor plans, hedge funds, convention centers, credit cards, malls and taxi/ride share businesses. Furthermore, the Company had no consumer credit card, indirect auto or car leasing exposure.

The agriculture industry continues to be impacted by volatility inelevated and volatile commodity prices as well asand intermittent disruptions in supply chain issues driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.chains. Our food and agribusiness portfolio is only 4.5%4.9% of total loans and is well-diversified across food production, crop and livestock types. Crop and livestock loans represent 1.0%1.4% of total loans. We have maintained relationships with food and agribusiness clients that generally possess low leverage and, correspondingly, low bank debt to assets, minimizing any potential credit losses in the future.

The extraordinary government measures enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic have generated unprecedented levels of economic stimulus funding and have produced high levels of cash liquidity within the banking industry. Our cash balances total $845.7 million at December 31, 2021 and have increased $240.1 million from December 31, 2020. Future growth in our interest income will ultimately be dependent on our ability to deploy the excess cash liquidity intooriginate high-quality originated loans and other high-quality earning assets such as investment securities. Cash balances total $195.5 million at December 31, 2022 and have decreased $650.2 million from December 31, 2021. Investment securities totaled $1.3$1.4 billion at December 31, 20212022 and increased $262.3$57.0 million, or 25.3%4.4%, compared to December 31, 2020.2021. At December 31, 2021,2022, our loans outstanding totaled $4.5a record $7.2 billion, increasing $159.7 million,$2.7 billion, or 3.7%60.0%, compared to December 31, 2020.2021. Loans outstanding at December 31, 2022 included $1.7 billion of loans acquired through the RCB and BOJH acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, our weighted average rate on new loans funded at the time of origination was 3.51%5.25%, compared to the weighted average yield of our originated loan portfolio of 3.98%4.58% (FTE). Our net interest income has been impacted by lower average loan balances and interest rate actions taken byDuring the year ended December 31, 2022, the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and ourincreased prevailing interest rates by a total of 425 basis points. Our future earnings will be impacted by the Federal Reserve’s future interest rate policy decisions.

Continued regulation, impending new liquidity and capital constraints, and a continual need to bolster cybersecurity are adding costs and uncertainty to all U.S. banks and could affect profitability. Also, nontraditional participants in the market may offer increased competition as non-bank payment businesses, including fintechs, are expanding into traditional banking products. While certain external factors are out of our control and may provide obstacles to our business strategy, we are prepared to deal with these challenges and expand our offerings in digital technology, including by partnering with and investing in fintechs where appropriate. We seek to remain flexible, yet methodical and proactive, in our strategic decision making so that we can quickly respond to market changes and the inherent challenges and opportunities that accompany such changes.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

We use accounting principles and methods that conform to GAAP and general banking practices. We are required to apply significant judgment and make material estimates in the preparation of our financial statements and with regard to various accounting, reporting and disclosure matters. Assumptions and estimates are required to apply these principles where actual measurement is not possible or practical. The most significant of these estimates relate to the determination of the allowance

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for credit losses.losses and accounting for acquired loans. See additional discussion of our ACL policy in note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.

Allowance for credit losses

The determination of the ACL, which represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio at the balance sheet date, involves a high degree of judgment and complexity. The Company estimates the collective ACL by first disaggregating the loan portfolio into segments based upon broad characteristics such as primary use and underlying collateral. Within these segments, the portfolio is further disaggregated into classes of loans with similar attributes and risk characteristics. The collective ACL is determined at the class level, analyzing loss history based upon specific loss drivers and risk factors affecting each loan class. The Company utilizes a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model that incorporates forecasts of certain national macroeconomic factors (reasonable and supportable forecasts) which drive the losses predicted in establishing the Company’s collective ACL. Management accounts for the inherent uncertainty of the underlying economic forecast by reviewing and weighting alternate forecast scenarios. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to historical long-term average loss rates on a straight-line basis. Additionally, the collective ACL calculation includes subjective adjustments for qualitative risk factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience. Changes in these assumptions, estimates or the conditions

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surrounding them may have a material impact on our financial condition. For further discussion of the ACL, see notes 2 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting for Acquired Loans

ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, requires that acquired loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. The fair value for acquired loans at the time of acquisition is based on a variety of factors including discounted expected cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments and credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the fair value adjustment is recorded as premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. Loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are purchase credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by our allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the level yield method. The net premium or discount on non-PCD loans, that includes credit quality and interest rate considerations, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the level yield method. The Company then records the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense.

Future Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020,2022, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04,2022-02, Reference Rate ReformFinancial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 848)326): FacilitationTroubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance on TDRs and requires disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The guidance also updates the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC Topic 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancing and restructuring for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2022 for entities that have adopted ASU 2020-04 was effective upon issuance and can be adopted during any interim period through December 31, 2022. It provides optional expedients and guidance for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, if certain criteria are met, that reference LIBOR or any other reference rate that is expected to be discontinued. To address reference rate reform, the Company established a LIBOR transition subcommittee in January of 2020 to identify exposure to reference rates within loan and derivative contracts.2016-13. The Company had no exposure to LIBOR tenors that were discontinued as of January 1, 2022. For tenors expiring on future dates the Company is working to ensure all documentation includes contingency terms, if necessary, that may be utilized at such time when the LIBOR is discontinued. Beginning January 1, 2022, the Company no longer originates loans using LIBOR as a reference rate. The Company has assessed, and will continue to evaluate, the impact from ASU 2020-04 and does not expect the adoption of that pronouncement to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, or any updates issued2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method. The purpose of this updated guidance is to date,further align risk management objectives with hedge accounting results on the application of the last-of-layer method, which was first introduced in ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company does not expect the adoption of that pronouncement to have a material impact on its financial statements.

Financial Condition

Total assets were $9.6 billion at December 31, 2022, compared to $7.2 billion at December 31, 2021, compared to $6.7 billion at December 31, 2020, an increase of $554.1 million,$2.4 billion, or 8.3%. Cash32.7% primarily due to the acquisitions of RCB and BOJH. At December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents decreased $650.2 million, compared to December 31, 2021, as excess cash liquidity was deployed into higher yielding investment securities and loans. At December 31, 2022, investment securities increased $240.1$57.0 million, or 4.4%, and total loans increased $159.7 million,$2.7 billion, or 3.7%.60.0% compared to December 31, 2021. Total loans increased $1.7 billion through the acquisitions of RCB and BOJH.

During 2021,2022, lower cost demand, savings and money market deposits (“transaction deposits”) increased $0.7$1.6 billion, or 15.0%29.8%, compared to the prior year, as welargely due to the acquisitions of RCB and BOJH and the continued developingdevelopment of full banking relationships with our clients. Our clients used their core operating accounts for PPP funds and economic stimulus checks, which aided the strong deposit growth. In addition to providing excess cash liquidity, theThe increase in transaction deposits provided low-costlower-cost funding utilized to fund loan growth.

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Investment securities

Available-for-sale

Total investment securities available-for-sale were $706.3 million at December 31, 2022, compared to $691.8 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $662.0 million at December 31, 2020, an increase of $29.9$14.4 million, or 4.52%2.1%. During 20212022 and 2020,2021, purchases of available-for-sale securities totaled $288.6$259.8 million and $286.1$288.6 million, respectively. Maturities and paydowns of available-for-sale securities during 2022 and 2021 totaled $141.9 million and 2020 totaled $235.9 million, and $271.5respectively. The Company sold $128.4 million respectively.of the available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition. The remaining BOJH available-for-sale portfolio was reclassified to held-to-maturity on Day 1. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during 2021 or 2020.2021.

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Available-for-sale investment securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

    

    

    

    

Weighted

    

    

    

    

Weighted

    

    

    

    

Weighted

    

    

    

    

Weighted

Amortized

Fair

Percent of

average

Amortized

Fair

Percent of

average

Amortized

Fair

Percent of

average

Amortized

Fair

Percent of

average

cost

value

portfolio

yield

cost

value

portfolio

yield

cost

value

portfolio

yield

cost

value

portfolio

yield

Treasury securities

$

74,031

$

71,388

10.1%

2.54%

$

$

0.0%

0.00%

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

231,523

$

227,696

32.9%

1.38%

$

193,424

$

196,334

29.6%

1.36%

263,939

226,131

32.0%

1.72%

231,523

227,696

32.9%

1.38%

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

467,490

 

461,334

66.7%

1.47%

 

454,345

 

462,779

69.9%

1.45%

 

478,866

 

405,926

57.5%

1.69%

 

467,490

 

461,334

66.7%

1.47%

Municipal securities

230

237

0.0%

3.17%

362

375

0.1%

3.46%

155

153

0.0%

3.17%

230

237

0.0%

3.17%

Corporate debt

2,000

2,111

0.3%

5.80%

2,000

1,998

0.3%

5.83%

2,000

1,920

0.3%

5.87%

2,000

2,111

0.3%

5.80%

Other securities

 

469

 

469

0.1%

0.00%

 

469

 

469

0.1%

0.00%

 

771

 

771

0.1%

0.00%

 

469

 

469

0.1%

0.00%

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

701,712

$

691,847

100.0%

1.46%

$

650,600

$

661,955

100.0%

1.44%

$

819,762

$

706,289

100.0%

1.79%

$

701,712

$

691,847

100.0%

1.46%

As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, nearly all the available-for-sale investment portfolio was primarily backed by mortgages. The residential mortgage pass-through securities portfolio is comprised of both fixed rate and adjustable rate Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) securities. The other mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are comprised of securities backed by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA securities.

Mortgage-backed securities may have actual maturities that differ from contractual maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments. The estimated weighted average life of the available-for-sale mortgage-backed securities portfolio was 4.25.4 years and 2.74.2 years at December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. This estimate is based on assumptions and actual results may differ. At December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the duration of the total available-for-sale investment portfolio was 3.84.4 years and 2.63.8 years, respectively.

At December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, adjustable rate securities comprised 1.7%11.5% and 2.3%1.7%, respectively, of the available-for-sale mortgage-backed security portfolio. The remainder of the portfolio was comprised of fixed rate amortizing securities with 10 to 30 year contractual maturities, with a weighted average coupon of 1.70%1.75% per annum and 2.00%1.70% per annum at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

The available-for-sale investment portfolio included $113.5 million of unrealized losses at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2021, the available-for-sale investment portfolio included $3.4 million of unrealized gains and $13.3 million of unrealized losses at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2020, the available-for-sale investment portfolio included $11.7 million of unrealized gains and $0.4 million of unrealized losses. We believe any unrealized losses are a result of prevailing interest rates, and as such, we do not believe that any of the securities with unrealized losses were impaired. Management believes that default of the available-for-sale securities is highly unlikely. FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities have a long history of zero credit losses, an explicit guarantee by the U.S. government (although limited for FNMA and FHLMC securities) and yields that generally trade based on market views of prepayment and liquidity risk rather than credit risk.

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 Held-to-maturity

At December 31, 2021,2022, we held $609.0$651.5 million of held-to-maturity investment securities, compared to $376.6$609.0 million at December 31, 2020,2021, an increase of $232.4$42.5 million, or 61.7%7.0%. Purchases of held-to-maturity securities totaled $101.7 million and $397.8 million during 2022 and $284.2 million during 2021, and 2020, respectively. Maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity securities totaled $133.4 million and $161.9 million during 2022 and $88.12021, respectively. The Company sold a portion of the available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition. The Company transferred the remaining $75.3 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively.of available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition to held-to-maturity.

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Held-to-maturity investment securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Weighted

Weighted

Weighted

Weighted

    

Amortized

    

Fair

    

Percent of

    

average

    

Amortized

    

Fair

    

Percent of

    

average

    

Amortized

    

Fair

    

Percent of

    

average

    

Amortized

    

Fair

    

Percent of

    

average

cost

value

portfolio

yield

cost

value

portfolio

yield

cost

value

portfolio

yield

cost

value

portfolio

yield

Treasury securities

$

49,045

$

47,629

7.5%

3.14%

$

$

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

312,916

$

309,614

51.4%

1.56%

$

306,187

$

310,930

81.3%

1.39%

339,815

298,816

52.2%

2.29%

312,916

309,614

51.4%

1.56%

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

296,096

 

289,646

48.6%

1.25%

 

70,428

 

70,761

18.7%

0.41%

 

262,667

 

213,479

40.3%

1.60%

 

296,096

 

289,646

48.6%

1.25%

Total investment securities held-to-maturity

$

609,012

$

599,260

100.0%

1.41%

$

376,615

$

381,691

100.0%

1.21%

$

651,527

$

559,924

100.0%

2.07%

$

609,012

$

599,260

100.0%

1.41%

The residential mortgage pass-through and other residential MBS held-to-maturity investment portfolios are comprised of fixed rate FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA securities.

The fair value of the held-to-maturity investment portfolio included $2.2$0.2 million of unrealized gains and $5.3$91.8 million of unrealized losses at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2021, the held-to-maturity investment portfolio included $2.2 million of unrealized gains and $11.9 million and $0.3 million of unrealized losses at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.losses.

The Company does not measure expected credit losses on a financial asset, or groupgroups of financial assets, in which historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Management evaluated held-to-maturity securities noting they are backed by loans guaranteed by either U.S. government agencies or U.S. government sponsored entities, and management believes that default is highly unlikely given this governmental backing and long history without credit losses. Additionally, management notes that yields on which the portfolio generally trades are based upon market views of prepayment and liquidity risk and not credit risk. The Company has no intention to sell the securities and believes it will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost.

Mortgage-backed securities may have actual maturities that differ from contractual maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments. The estimated weighted average expected life of the held-to-maturity mortgage-backed securities portfolio as of December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021 was 4.16.0 years and 2.44.1 years, respectively. This estimate is based on assumptions and actual results may differ. The duration of the total held-to-maturity portfolio was 3.84.8 years and 2.43.8 years as of December 30, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.

Residential mortgage pass-through investments due after one year but within five years had a weighted average yield of 3.35% at December 31, 2021. Those due after five years but within 10 years had a weighted average yield of 1.91%, and those due after 10 years had a weighted average yield of 1.26% at December 31, 2021. Other residential MBS held-to-maturity investments due after five years but within 10 years had a weighted average yield of 1.64%, and those due after 10 years had a weighted average yield of 1.23%.

Non-marketable securities

During 2021, the Company updated its asset classifications to include certain financial instruments previously included in other assets within non-marketable securities in the statements of financial condition.

Non-marketable securities totaled $50.7$89.0 million and $22.1$50.7 million at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and included FRB stock, FHLB stock and other non-marketable securities.

At December 31, 2021, other non-marketable securities totaled $36.22022, the Company held $20.3 million of FHLB stock and consisted$18.1 million of equity method investments and convertible preferredFRB stock without readily determinable fair values.for regulatory or debt facility purposes. During the yearsyear ended December 31, 2021 and 2020,2022, purchases of non-marketable securitiesFHLB and FRB stock totaled $27.7$23.8 million, and $4.1 million, respectively. Included inFHLB and FRB stock from the purchases during 2021 were investments in two fintech firms, Finstro Global Holdings, Inc.acquisitions of $20.0 millionRCB and Figure TechnologiesBOJH totaled $4.0 million. Redemptions of $2.0 million. The Company will continue to invest with fintech solution providers to support our ecosystem buildout, support our core bank products and offerings, and to leverage efficiencies and technological solutions in our shared services areas. At December 31, 2020, the Company held $5.6 million of equity method investments.FHLB stock totaled

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$4.0 million during 2022. At December 31, 2021, the Company held $13.9 million of FRB stock and $0.7 million of FHLB stock for regulatory or debt facility purposes. At December 31, 2020, the Company heldand $13.9 million of FRB stock and $2.6 millionstock. There were no purchases of FHLB stock.and FRB stock during 2021. These are restricted securities which, lacking a market, are carried at cost. The Company is not aware of any events or changes in circumstances that may have an adverse effect on the investments carried at cost.

At December 31, 2022, other non-marketable securities totaled $50.7 million and consisted of equity method investments totaling $21.7 million and convertible preferred stock without readily determinable fair values totaling $29.0 million. At December 31, 2021, other non-marketable securities totaled $36.2 million and consisted of equity method investments totaling $14.2 million and convertible preferred stock without readily determinable fair values totaling $22.0 million. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, purchases of other non-marketable securities totaled $13.5 million and $27.7 million, respectively. The Company continues to invest with fintech solution providers to support our digital ecosystem buildout, support our core bank products and offerings, and to leverage efficiencies and technological solutions in our shared services areas.

Loans overview

At December 31, 2021,2022, our loan portfolio was comprised of new loans that we have originated and loans that were acquired in connection with our sixeight acquisitions to date. The Company added $537.7 million of loans to the acquired loan portfolio on September 1, 2022 from the acquisition of RCB and $1.2 billion of loans on October 1, 2022 from the acquisition of BOJH.

As discussed in note 4 to our consolidated financial statements, under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, all acquired loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. The fair value for acquired loans at the time of acquisition is based on a variety of factors including discounted expected cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments and credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the fair value adjustment is recorded as premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. Loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are PCD loans. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by our allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a level yield method. The net premium or discount on non-PCD loans, that includes credit quality and interest rate considerations, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a level yield method. The Company then records the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense.

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The table below shows the loan portfolio composition at the respective dates:

December 31, 2021 vs.

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

% Change

Originated:

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,458,218

$

1,248,530

16.8%

Municipal and non-profit

928,705

870,410

6.7%

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

503,663

464,417

8.5%

Food and agribusiness

200,412

205,189

(2.3)%

PPP loans(1)

21,677

176,106

(87.7)%

Total commercial

3,112,675

2,964,652

5.0%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

611,765

542,642

12.7%

Residential real estate

616,135

581,555

5.9%

Consumer

17,336

18,581

(6.7)%

Total originated

4,357,911

4,107,430

6.1%

Acquired:

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

16,252

22,102

(26.5)%

Municipal and non-profit

340

381

(10.8)%

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

29,973

51,821

(42.2)%

Food and agribusiness

3,177

5,108

(37.8)%

Total commercial

49,742

79,412

(37.4)%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

52,964

89,354

(40.7)%

Residential real estate

52,521

77,105

(31.9)%

Consumer

245

425

(42.4)%

Total acquired

155,472

246,296

(36.9)%

Total loans

$

4,513,383

$

4,353,726

3.7%

(1)

PPP loan balances are net of fees and costs and include principal totaling $22,300 and $179,531 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

December 31, 2022 vs.

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

% Change

Originated:

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,841,313

$

1,479,895

24.4%

Municipal and non-profit

959,305

928,705

3.3%

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

656,361

503,663

30.3%

Food and agribusiness

284,714

200,412

42.1%

Total commercial

3,741,693

3,112,675

20.2%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

841,657

611,765

37.6%

Residential real estate

827,030

616,135

34.2%

Consumer

16,986

17,336

(2.0)%

Total originated

5,427,366

4,357,911

24.5%

Acquired:

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

183,522

16,252

>100%

Municipal and non-profit

321

340

(5.6)%

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

256,979

29,973

>100%

Food and agribusiness

69,265

3,177

>100%

Total commercial

510,087

49,742

>100%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

854,393

52,964

>100%

Residential real estate

424,251

52,521

>100%

Consumer

4,372

245

>100%

Total acquired

1,793,103

155,472

>100%

Total loans

$

7,220,469

$

4,513,383

60.0%

The Company maintains a granular and well-diversified loan portfolio with self-imposed concentration limits. OurThe loan portfolio increased $159.7 million,$2.7 billion, or 3.7%60.0%, from December 31, 2020.2021 to December 31, 2022. Excluding PPP loans totaltotaling $537.7 million from the acquisition of RCB and $1.2 billion from the acquisition of BOJH, loans increased $314.1$980.9 million or 7.5%, led by originated commercial loan growth of $272.8$629.0 million, or 9.5%20.2%. New loan originations during the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled a record $1.5 billion, led by commercial loan originations of $1.1 billion including PPP loan originations of $121.1 million.

Our commercial and industrial loan portfolio is comprisedhighly diversified across industry sectors and geography. As of diverse industry segments. At December 31, 2021, these2022, there were no industry sectors representing more than 10% of our total loan portfolio. Key segments included finance and financial services, primarily lender financegovernment/non-profit loans of $183.7$559.9 million, hospital/medicalor 7.8% of total loans, and health care/hospital loans of $307.1$402.8 million, manufacturing-related loans of $117.0 million, and a variety of smaller subcategories of commercial and industrial loans. Food and agribusiness loans, which are well-diversified across food production, crop and livestock types, totaled $203.6 million and were 24.9% of the Company’s risk based capital. Crop and livestock loans represent 1.0%or 5.6% of total loans.

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Non-owner occupied CRE loans were 81.5%169.5% of the Company’s risk based capital, or 14.7%23.5% of total loans, and no specific property type comprised more than 5.0% of total loans. The Company maintains very little exposure to non-owner occupied CRE retail properties and office properties, comprising 1.5%2.0% and 1.6% of total loans.loans, respectively. Multi-family loans totaled $93.2$214.8 million, or 2.1%3.0% of total loans as of December 31, 2021.2022.

When considering the loan portfolio in its entirety, 75.1%76.9% of loans were located within our footprint of Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Texas, Utah, andWyoming, Texas, New Mexico and Idaho as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on the domicile of the borrower or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans, the geographical location of the collateral.

New loan origination is a direct result of our ability to recruit and retain top banking talent, connect with clients in our markets and provide needed services at competitive rates. Loan originationsfundings totaled a record $1.5$2.0 billion over the past 12 months, led by commercial loan originationsfundings of $1.1 billion, which included PPP loan originations of $121.1 million. Originations$1.2 billion. Fundings are defined as closed end funded loans and revolving lines

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of credit advances net of any current period paydowns. Management utilizes this more conservative definition of originationsfundings to better approximate the impact of originationsfundings on loans outstanding and ultimately net interest income.

The following tables represent new loan originationsfundings during 20212022 and 2020:2021:

Fourth quarter

    

Third quarter

    

Second quarter

    

First quarter

    

Total

Fourth quarter

    

Third quarter

    

Second quarter

    

First quarter

    

Total

2021

2021

2021

2021

2021

2022

2022

2022

2022

2022

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

229,529

$

196,289

$

147,030

$

23,390

$

596,238

$

177,693

$

201,106

$

152,550

$

169,168

$

700,517

Municipal and non-profit

101,450

43,516

25,131

7,999

178,096

20,393

20,845

81,428

49,906

172,572

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

28,914

 

53,445

 

48,225

 

27,093

 

157,677

 

40,912

 

65,125

 

78,905

 

67,597

 

252,539

Food and agribusiness

 

11,016

 

8,442

 

26,956

 

(10,104)

 

36,310

 

28,518

 

76,293

 

(4,186)

 

18,620

 

119,245

PPP loans

121,141

121,141

Total commercial

370,909

301,692

247,342

169,519

1,089,462

267,516

363,369

308,697

305,291

1,244,873

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

46,128

 

55,392

 

58,532

 

49,195

 

209,247

 

133,271

 

166,739

 

88,612

 

63,416

 

452,038

Residential real estate

 

55,873

 

54,442

 

53,962

 

74,145

 

238,422

 

95,067

 

99,951

 

93,220

 

49,040

 

337,278

Consumer

 

2,524

 

1,810

 

2,267

 

1,353

 

7,954

 

1,396

 

1,505

 

1,989

 

1,904

 

6,794

Total

$

475,434

$

413,336

$

362,103

$

294,212

$

1,545,085

$

497,250

$

631,564

$

492,518

$

419,651

$

2,040,983

Included in originationsthe table above are net fundings under revolving lines of credit of $96,903, $124,834, $21,762 and $66,430 for the dates noted in the table above, respectively.

Fourth quarter

    

Third quarter

    

Second quarter

    

First quarter

    

Total

2021

2021

2021

2021

2021

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

229,529

$

196,289

$

147,030

$

144,531

$

717,379

Municipal and non-profit

101,450

43,516

25,131

7,999

178,096

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

28,914

 

53,445

 

48,225

 

27,093

 

157,677

Food and agribusiness

 

11,016

 

8,442

 

26,956

 

(10,104)

 

36,310

Total Commercial

370,909

301,692

247,342

169,519

1,089,462

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

46,128

 

55,392

 

58,532

 

49,195

 

209,247

Residential real estate

 

55,873

 

54,442

 

53,962

 

74,145

 

238,422

Consumer

 

2,524

 

1,810

 

2,267

 

1,353

 

7,954

Total

$

475,434

$

413,336

$

362,103

$

294,212

$

1,545,085

Included in the table above are net fundings (paydowns) under revolving lines of credit of $138,777, $29,154, $59,520 and ($26,395) as offor the fourth, third, second and first quarter of 2021, respectively.

Fourth quarter

    

Third quarter

    

Second quarter

    

First quarter

    

Total

2020

2020

2020

2020

2020

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

96,625

$

11,354

$

(8,726)

$

118,999

$

218,252

Municipal and non-profit

25,348

6,083

49,679

13,968

95,078

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

36,085

 

23,758

 

22,078

 

37,372

 

119,293

Food and agribusiness

 

19,191

 

13,876

 

(10,480)

 

(6,787)

 

15,800

PPP loans

122

358,798

358,920

Total Commercial

177,249

55,193

411,349

163,552

807,343

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

52,018

 

24,937

 

18,992

 

80,792

 

176,739

Residential real estate

 

41,355

 

49,786

 

29,024

 

46,273

 

166,438

Consumer

 

1,858

 

2,980

 

2,206

 

2,320

 

9,364

Total

$

272,480

$

132,896

$

461,571

$

292,937

$

1,159,884

Includeddates noted in originations are net fundings (paydowns) under revolving lines of credit of $50,982, ($27,899), ($55,826) and $48,789 as of the fourth, third, second and first quarter of 2020,table above, respectively.

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The tables below show the contractual maturities of our loans for the dates indicated:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

    

Due within

    

Due after 1 but

    

Due after 5 but

    

Due after

    

    

Due within

    

Due after 1 but

    

Due after 5 but

    

Due after

    

1 year

within 5 years

within 15 years

15 Years

Total

1 year

within 5 years

within 15 years

15 Years

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

140,715

$

1,099,955

$

226,793

$

7,007

$

1,474,470

$

234,028

$

1,421,752

$

353,909

$

15,146

$

2,024,835

Municipal and non-profit

23,827

112,022

559,493

233,703

929,045

1,184

134,012

513,872

310,558

959,626

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

40,510

 

160,853

 

266,664

 

65,609

 

533,636

 

61,598

 

261,305

 

478,104

 

112,333

 

913,340

Food and agribusiness

 

79,507

 

107,799

 

11,193

 

5,090

 

203,589

 

83,254

 

203,910

 

46,624

 

20,191

 

353,979

PPP loans

2,437

 

19,240

 

 

 

21,677

Total commercial

286,996

1,499,869

1,064,143

311,409

3,162,417

380,064

2,020,979

1,392,509

458,228

4,251,780

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

200,042

 

316,473

 

147,783

 

431

 

664,729

 

234,962

 

863,842

 

579,843

 

17,403

 

1,696,050

Residential real estate

 

12,605

 

30,233

 

201,918

 

423,900

 

668,656

 

72,035

 

169,024

 

372,638

 

637,584

 

1,251,281

Consumer

 

3,504

 

11,507

 

2,570

 

 

17,581

 

6,142

 

12,494

 

2,721

 

1

 

21,358

Total loans

$

503,147

$

1,858,082

$

1,416,414

$

735,740

$

4,513,383

$

693,203

$

3,066,339

$

2,347,711

$

1,113,216

$

7,220,469

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

    

Due within

    

Due after 1 but

    

Due after 5 but

    

Due after

    

    

Due within

    

Due after 1 but

    

Due after 5 but

    

Due after

    

1 year

within 5 years

within 15 years

15 Years

Total

1 year

within 5 years

within 15 years

15 Years

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

109,586

$

927,881

$

230,431

$

2,734

$

1,270,632

$

143,152

$

1,119,195

$

226,793

$

7,007

$

1,496,147

Municipal and non-profit

42,222

164,994

391,069

272,506

870,791

23,827

112,022

559,493

233,703

929,045

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

24,510

 

177,311

 

238,135

 

76,283

 

516,239

 

40,510

 

160,853

 

266,664

 

65,609

 

533,636

Food and agribusiness

 

80,691

 

105,815

 

17,432

 

6,359

 

210,297

 

79,507

 

107,799

 

11,193

 

5,090

 

203,589

PPP loans

176,106

176,106

Total commercial

257,009

1,552,107

877,067

357,882

3,044,065

286,996

1,499,869

1,064,143

311,409

3,162,417

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

72,486

 

426,291

 

129,963

 

3,256

 

631,996

 

200,042

 

316,473

 

147,783

 

431

 

664,729

Residential real estate

 

18,569

 

36,747

 

269,166

 

334,177

 

658,659

 

12,605

 

30,233

 

201,918

 

423,900

 

668,656

Consumer

 

5,167

 

10,886

 

2,953

 

 

19,006

 

3,504

 

11,507

 

2,570

 

 

17,581

Total loans

$

353,231

$

2,026,031

$

1,279,149

$

695,315

$

4,353,726

$

503,147

$

1,858,082

$

1,416,414

$

735,740

$

4,513,383

The stated interest rate (which excludes the effects of non-refundable loan origination and commitment fees, net of costs and the accretion of fair value marks) of total loans with maturities over one year is as follows at the dates indicated:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Fixed

Variable

Total

Fixed

Variable

Total

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Commercial

Commercial and industrial

$

460,795

 

4.18%

$

872,961

 

3.41%

$

1,333,756

 

3.67%

$

726,568

 

4.62%

$

1,064,239

 

7.00%

$

1,790,807

 

6.04%

Municipal and non-profit(1)

881,339

3.37%

23,879

2.76%

905,218

3.35%

965,635

3.50%

22,483

4.77%

988,118

3.63%

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

293,190

 

4.70%

 

199,936

 

3.75%

 

493,126

 

4.45%

 

417,675

 

4.51%

 

434,066

 

6.00%

 

851,741

 

5.33%

Food and agribusiness

 

49,303

 

5.21%

 

74,779

 

3.95%

 

124,082

 

4.45%

 

49,961

 

5.26%

 

220,764

 

7.19%

 

270,725

 

6.83%

PPP loans

19,239

1.00%

19,239

1.00%

Total commercial

1,703,866

3.88%

1,171,555

3.49%

2,875,421

3.72%

2,159,839

4.14%

1,741,552

6.75%

3,901,391

5.35%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

214,463

 

4.28%

 

250,224

 

3.51%

 

464,687

 

3.86%

 

569,788

 

4.28%

 

891,299

 

5.88%

 

1,461,087

 

5.25%

Residential real estate

 

360,648

 

3.45%

 

295,403

 

4.00%

 

656,051

 

3.70%

 

500,170

 

3.75%

 

679,075

 

4.88%

 

1,179,245

 

4.40%

Consumer

 

11,567

 

4.37%

 

2,510

 

3.52%

 

14,077

 

4.21%

 

11,480

 

4.98%

 

3,736

 

7.21%

 

15,216

 

5.52%

Total loans with > 1 year maturity

$

2,290,544

 

3.85%

$

1,719,692

 

3.58%

$

4,010,236

 

3.74%

$

3,241,277

 

4.11%

$

3,315,662

 

6.13%

$

6,556,939

 

5.15%

5453

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December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

Fixed

Variable

Total

Fixed

Variable

Total

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Balance

average rate

Commercial

Commercial and industrial

$

320,745

 

4.68%

$

840,301

 

3.11%

$

1,161,046

 

3.54%

$

480,034

 

4.05%

$

872,961

 

3.41%

$

1,352,995

 

3.63%

Municipal and non-profit(1)

803,350

3.55%

25,219

2.83%

828,569

3.53%

881,339

3.37%

23,879

2.76%

905,218

3.35%

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

261,406

 

4.82%

 

230,323

 

3.88%

 

491,729

 

4.51%

 

293,190

 

4.70%

 

199,936

 

3.75%

 

493,126

 

4.45%

Food and agribusiness

 

57,360

 

5.02%

 

72,246

 

3.67%

 

129,606

 

4.27%

 

49,303

 

5.21%

 

74,779

 

3.95%

 

124,082

 

4.45%

PPP loans

176,106

1.00%

176,106

1.00%

Total commercial

1,618,967

3.79%

1,168,089

3.29%

2,787,056

3.58%

1,703,866

3.88%

1,171,555

3.49%

2,875,421

3.72%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

253,879

 

4.65%

 

305,631

 

3.42%

 

559,510

 

3.98%

 

214,463

 

4.28%

 

250,224

 

3.51%

 

464,687

 

3.86%

Residential real estate

 

298,759

 

3.60%

 

341,332

 

4.14%

 

640,091

 

3.89%

 

360,648

 

3.45%

 

295,403

 

4.00%

 

656,051

 

3.70%

Consumer

 

11,384

 

4.92%

 

2,455

 

3.50%

 

13,839

 

4.66%

 

11,567

 

4.37%

 

2,510

 

3.52%

 

14,077

 

4.21%

Total loans with > 1 year maturity

$

2,182,989

 

3.86%

$

1,817,507

 

3.47%

$

4,000,496

 

3.68%

$

2,290,544

 

3.85%

$

1,719,692

 

3.58%

$

4,010,236

 

3.74%

(1)

    

Included in municipal and non-profit fixed rate loans are loans totaling $343,089$340,081 and $387,105$343,089 that have been swapped to variable rates at current market pricing at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Included in the municipal and non-profit segment are tax exempt loans totaling $746,508$772,908 and $711,582$746,508 with an FTE weighted average rate of 3.97%4.08% and 4.03%3.97% at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

Asset quality

Asset quality is fundamental to our success and remains a strong point, driven by our disciplined adherence to our self-imposed concentration limits across industry sector and real estate property type. Accordingly, for the origination of loans, we have established a credit policy that allows for responsive, yet controlled lending with credit approval requirements that are scaled to loan size. Within the scope of the credit policy, each prospective loan is reviewed in order to determine the appropriateness and the adequacy of the loan characteristics and the security or collateral prior to making a loan. We have established underwriting standards and loan origination procedures that require appropriate documentation, including financial data and credit reports. For loans secured by real property, we require property appraisals, title insurance or a title opinion, hazard insurance and flood insurance, in each case where appropriate.

Additionally, we have implemented procedures to timely identify loans that may become problematic in order to ensure the most beneficial resolution for the Company. Asset quality is monitored by our credit risk management department and evaluated based on quantitative and subjective factors such as the timeliness of contractual payments received. Additional factors that are considered, particularly with commercial loans over $500,000, include the financial condition and liquidity of individual borrowers and guarantors, if any, and the value of our collateral. To facilitate the oversight of asset quality, loans are categorized based on the number of days past due and on an internal risk rating system, and both are discussed in more detail below.

Our internal risk rating system uses a series of grades which reflect our assessment of the credit quality of loans based on an analysis of the borrower's financial condition, liquidity and ability to meet contractual debt service requirements. Loans that are perceived to have acceptable risk are categorized as “Pass” loans. “Special mention” loans represent loans that have potential credit weaknesses that deserve close attention. Special mention loans include borrowers that have potential weaknesses or unwarranted risks that, unless corrected, may threaten the borrower's ability to meet debt service requirements. However, these borrowers are still believed to have the ability to respond to and resolve the financial issues that threaten their financial situation. Loans classified as “Substandard” have a well-defined credit weakness and are inadequately protected by the current paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Although these loans are identified as potential problem loans, they may never become non-performing. Substandard loans have a distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Doubtful” loans are loans that management believes that collection of payments in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement are highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful loans are deemed impaired and put on non-accrual status.

55

Table of Contents

In the event of borrower default, we may seek recovery in compliance with state lending laws, the respective loan agreements, and credit monitoring and remediation procedures that may include modifying or restructuring a loan from its

54

Table of Contents

original terms, for economic or legal reasons, to provide a concession to the borrower from their original terms due to borrower financial difficulties in order to facilitate repayment. Such restructured loans are considered TDRs in accordance with ASC 310-40. Assets that have been foreclosed on or acquired through deed-in-lieu of foreclosure are classified as OREO until sold, and are carried at the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, with any initial valuation adjustments charged to the ACL and any subsequent declines in carrying value charged to impairments on OREO.

Non-performing assets and past due loans

Non-performing assets consist of non-accrual loans and OREO. Interest income that would have been recorded had non-accrual loans performed in accordance with their original contract terms during 2022 and 2021 and 2020 was $0.8$0.7 million and $1.2$0.8 million, respectively.

Past due status is monitored as an indicator of credit deterioration. Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. Loans that are 90 days or more past due are put on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection.

The following table sets forth the non-performing assets and past due loans as of the dates presented:

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

December 31, 2018

    

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

December 31, 2018

Non-accrual loans:

Non-accrual loans, excluding restructured loans

$

8,466

$

12,190

$

16,894

$

21,017

$

13,745

$

14,034

$

8,466

$

12,190

$

16,894

$

21,017

Restructured loans on non-accrual

 

2,366

 

8,197

4,854

 

3,439

 

7,255

 

2,478

 

2,366

8,197

 

4,854

 

3,439

Non-performing loans

 

10,832

 

20,387

 

21,748

 

24,456

 

21,000

 

16,512

 

10,832

 

20,387

 

21,748

 

24,456

OREO

 

7,005

 

4,730

 

7,300

 

10,596

 

10,491

 

3,731

 

7,005

 

4,730

 

7,300

 

10,596

Other repossessed assets

 

 

17

 

 

 

 

 

 

17

 

 

Total non-performing assets

$

17,837

$

25,134

$

29,048

$

35,052

$

31,491

$

20,243

$

17,837

$

25,134

$

29,048

$

35,052

Loans 30-89 days past due and still accruing interest

$

1,687

$

968

$

6,349

$

5,066

$

5,124

$

2,986

$

1,687

$

968

$

6,349

$

5,066

Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest

 

420

 

162

 

1,662

 

1,047

 

25,407

 

95

 

420

 

162

 

1,662

 

1,047

Non-accrual loans

10,832

20,387

21,748

24,456

21,000

16,512

10,832

20,387

21,748

24,456

Total past due and non-accrual loans

$

12,939

$

21,517

$

29,759

$

30,569

$

51,531

$

19,593

$

12,939

$

21,517

$

29,759

$

30,569

Accruing restructured loans

$

7,186

$

13,945

$

6,885

$

5,944

$

8,461

$

4,654

$

7,186

$

13,945

$

6,885

$

5,944

Allowance for credit losses

49,694

59,777

39,064

35,692

31,264

89,553

49,694

59,777

39,064

35,692

Non-performing loans to total loans

 

0.24%

 

0.47%

 

0.49%

 

0.60%

 

0.66%

 

0.23%

 

0.24%

 

0.47%

 

0.49%

 

0.60%

Total 90 days past due and still accruing interest and non-accrual loans to total loans

 

0.25%

 

0.47%

0.53%

0.62%

1.46%

 

0.23%

 

0.25%

0.47%

0.53%

0.62%

Total non-performing assets to total loans and OREO

 

0.39%

 

0.58%

 

0.66%

 

0.85%

 

0.99%

 

0.28%

 

0.39%

 

0.58%

 

0.66%

 

0.85%

ACL to non-performing loans

 

458.77%

 

293.21%

 

179.62%

 

145.94%

 

148.88%

 

542.35%

 

458.77%

 

293.21%

 

179.62%

 

145.94%

During 2021,2022, total non-performing loans decreased $9.6increased $5.7 million, or 46.9%, from December 31, 2020.2021, primarily driven by the inclusion of the RCB and BOJH portfolios. During 2021,2022, accruing TDRs decreased $6.8$2.5 million, or 48.5%35.2%. OREO increased $2.3decreased $3.3 million, or 48.1%46.7%, to $7.0$3.7 million at December 31, 2021,2022, compared to December 31, 2020 primarily related2021. Total non-performing assets to one previously acquired loan.total loans and OREO decreased 11 basis points to 0.28% at December 31, 2022.

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Table of Contents

Loans 30-89 days past due and still accruing interest increased $0.7$1.3 million from December 31, 20202021 to December 31, 2021,2022, and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest increaseddecreased $0.3 million from December 31, 20202021 to December 31, 2021.2022.

The Company continues to monitor the operating status and trends55

Table of our clients to enable us to quickly detect credit deterioration and take action where needed. The CARES Act afforded financial institutions the option to modify loans within certain parameters in response to the COVID-19 pandemic without requiring the modifications to be classified as TDRs under ASC Topic 310 if the borrower has been adversely impacted by COVID-19 and was current on their loan payments. The Company modified 19 loans totaling $9.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 510 loans totaling $519.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, that were not classified as TDRs. Modified loans that remained on a payment deferral plan, paying interest only, at December 31, 2021 totaled $5.3 million. At December 31, 2021, $206 thousand of loan modifications related to COVID-19 were a subsequent modification, and one loan totaling $206 thousand was classified as non-accrual. At December 31, 2020, modified loans that remained on a payment deferral plan totaled $173.6 million, or 4.0% of the total loan portfolio, of which $45.4 million, or 26.2%, were a subsequent modification.Contents

Allowance for credit losses

The ACL represents the amount that we believe is necessary to absorb estimated lifetime credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date and involves a high degree of judgment and complexity. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which replaced the incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses with a CECL model. The Company utilizes a DCF model developed within a third-party software tool to establish expected lifetime credit losses for the loan portfolio. The ACL is calculated as the difference between the amortized cost basis and the projections from the DCF analysis. The DCF model allows for individual life of loan cash flow modeling, excluding extensions and renewals, using loan-specific interest rates and repayment schedules including estimated prepayment rates and loss recovery timing delays. The model incorporates forecasts of certain national macro-economic factors, including unemployment rates, home price index (“HPI”), retail sales and gross domestic product (“GDP”), which drive correlated loss rates. The determination and application of the ACL accounting policy involves judgments, estimates and uncertainties that are subject to change. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, we revert to historical long-term average loss rates on a straight-line basis.

We measure expected credit losses for loans on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. We have identified four primary loan segments within the ACL model that are further stratified into 11 loan classes to provide more granularity in analyzing loss history and to allow for more definitive qualitative adjustments based upon specific risk factors affecting each loan class. Generally, the underlying risk of loss for each of these loan segments will follow certain norms/trends in various economic environments. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. Following are the loan classes within each of the four primary loan segments:

Non-owner occupied

Commercial

commercial real estate

Residential real estate

Consumer

Commercial and industrial

Construction

Senior lien

Consumer

Owner occupied commercial real estate

Acquisition and development

Junior lien

Food and agribusiness

Multifamily

Municipal and non-profit

Non-owner occupied

Loans on non-accrual, in bankruptcy and TDRs with a balance greater than $250,000 are excluded from the pooled analysis and are evaluated individually. If management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are evaluated based on the criteria listed below, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Typically, these loans consist of commercial, commercial real estate and agriculture loans and exclude homogeneous loans such as residential real estate and consumer loans. Specific allowances are determined by collectively analyzing:

    

the borrower’s resources, ability and willingness to repay in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement;

    

the likelihood of receiving financial support from any guarantors;

    

the adequacy and present value of future cash flows, less disposal costs, of any collateral; and

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the impact current economic conditions may have on the borrower’s financial condition and liquidity or the value of the collateral.

The collective resulting ACL for loans is calculated as the sum of the general reserves, specific reserves on individually evaluated loans, and qualitative factor adjustments. While these amounts are calculated by individual loan or on a pool basis by segment and class, the entire ACL is available for any loan that, in our judgment, should be charged-off. The determination and application of the ACL accounting policy involves judgments, estimates, and uncertainties that are subject to change. Changes in these assumptions, estimates or the conditions surrounding them may have a material impact on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Net charge-offs on loans during the year ended December 31, 2022 totaled $1.8 million, or 0.03% of total loans. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $39.9 million, which included a $21.2 million provision expense as a Day 1 allowance reserve for the RCB and BOJH portfolios and a $6.2 million credit allowance for Day 1 PCD loans. The remainder of the provision expense during the year was driven by strong loan growth and higher reserve requirements from changes in the CECL model’s underlying macro-economic forecast. Specific reserves on loans totaled $5.3 million at December 31, 2022.

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Table of Contents

Net charge-offs on loans during the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $1.3 million, or 0.03% of total loans. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a provision release of $9.3allowance for credit losses totaled $49.7 million, which included a provision release of $8.8 million for funded loans and aloans. The provision release of $0.5 million for unfunded loan commitments. Provision release was driven by strong asset quality and an improved outlook in the CECL model’s underlying economic forecast. Specific reserves on loans totaled $1.6 million at December 31, 2021.

Net charge-offs on loans during the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $2.7 million, or 0.06% of total loans. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded total provision expense of $17.6 million, which included a provision expense of $17.5 million for funded loans and a provision expense of $0.1 million for unfunded loan commitments. Provision expense was recorded to provide coverage for the impact of deteriorating economic conditions as a result of COVID-19 and to support non-PPP originated loan growth. Specific reserves on loans totaled $1.9 million at December 31, 2020.

The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable (“AIR”) from the ACL calculation. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, AIR totaled $31.8 million and $15.7 million, respectively, from total loans. The increase in AIR was driven by originated loan growth and the acquired loan portfolios. When a loan is placed on non-accrual, any recorded AIR is reversed against interest income. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, AIR from loans totaled $15.7 million and $16.7 million, respectively.

Total ACL

After considering the above mentioned factors, we believe that the ACL of $49.7$89.6 million is adequate to cover estimated lifetime losses inherent in the loan portfolio at December 31, 2021.2022. However, it is likely that future adjustments to the ACL will be necessary. Any changes to the underlying assumptions, circumstances or estimates, including but not limited to changes in the underlying macro-economic forecast, used in determining the ACL, could negatively or positively affect the Company's results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.

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The following schedule presents, by class stratification, the changes in the ACL during the years listed:

As of and for the years ended

As of and for the years ended

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Total loans

% NCOs(1)

Beginning balance

$

59,777

$

39,064

$

35,692

$

31,264

$

29,174

$

49,694

$

59,777

$

39,064

$

35,692

$

31,264

Cumulative effect adjustment(2)

5,836

5,836

Day 1 CECL provision expense

 

21,228

 

PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition

6,238

Charge-offs:

Commercial

 

(1,171)

0.02%

(2,023)

0.04%

(7,422)

0.17%

(895)

0.00%

(10,342)

0.34%

 

(1,340)

0.02%

(1,171)

0.02%

(2,023)

0.04%

(7,422)

0.17%

(895)

0.00%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

0.00%

(412)

0.01%

(116)

0.00%

(11)

0.00%

0.00%

 

0.00%

0.00%

(412)

0.01%

(116)

0.00%

(11)

0.00%

Residential real estate

 

(24)

0.00%

(67)

0.00%

(124)

0.00%

(118)

0.00%

(236)

0.00%

 

(2)

0.00%

(24)

0.00%

(67)

0.00%

(124)

0.00%

(118)

0.00%

Consumer

 

(621)

0.01%

(726)

0.01%

(937)

0.02%

(1,134)

0.02%

(737)

0.02%

 

(845)

0.01%

(621)

0.01%

(726)

0.01%

(937)

0.02%

(1,134)

0.02%

Total charge-offs

 

(1,816)

(3,228)

(8,599)

(2,158)

(11,315)

 

(2,187)

(1,816)

(3,228)

(8,599)

(2,158)

Recoveries

 

552

571

328

1,389

433

 

385

552

571

328

1,389

Net charge-offs

 

(1,264)

0.03%

(2,657)

0.06%

(8,271)

0.19%

(769)

0.02%

(10,882)

0.36%

 

(1,802)

0.03%

(1,264)

0.03%

(2,657)

0.06%

(8,271)

0.19%

(769)

0.02%

Provision (release) expense for loan losses

 

(8,819)

17,534

11,643

5,197

12,972

Provision expense (release) for credit losses

 

14,195

(8,819)

17,534

11,643

5,197

Ending allowance for credit losses

$

49,694

$

59,777

$

39,064

$

35,692

$

31,264

$

89,553

$

49,694

$

59,777

$

39,064

$

35,692

Ratio of ACL to total loans outstanding at period end

 

1.10%

1.37%

0.88%

0.87%

0.98%

 

1.24%

1.10%

1.37%

0.88%

0.87%

Ratio of ACL to total loans outstanding, excluding PPP loans at period end

 

1.11%

1.43%

0.88%

0.87%

0.98%

Ratio of ACL to total non-performing loans at period end

 

458.77%

293.21%

179.62%

145.94%

148.88%

 

542.35%

458.77%

293.21%

179.62%

145.94%

Total loans

$

4,513,383

$

4,353,726

$

4,415,406

$

4,092,308

$

3,178,947

$

7,220,469

$

4,513,383

$

4,353,726

$

4,415,406

$

4,092,308

Average total loans outstanding during the period

4,358,707

4,578,894

4,288,226

3,819,603

3,029,446

5,349,916

4,358,707

4,578,894

4,288,226

3,819,603

Average total loans outstanding, excluding PPP loans during the period

4,224,607

4,352,984

4,288,226

3,819,603

3,029,446

Non-performing loans

10,832

20,387

21,748

24,456

21,000

16,512

10,832

20,387

21,748

24,456

(1)

Ratio of net charge-offs to average total loans.

(2)

Related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.

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At their respective acquisition dates, RCB had $2.1 million and BOJH had $0.5 million of previously charged off loans for which the Company continued to have contractual rights to the cash flows. In accordance with ASC Topic 326, PCD loan accounting is to be applied by the acquirer whereby an allowance for credit losses should be recorded for this subset of loans at the acquisition date, and if deemed non-collectible, the loans are to be fully charged off on the acquirer’s books. Such amounts were fully reserved for, charged off on the acquisition date and excluded from the table above.

The following tables present the allocation of the ACL and the percentage of the total amount of loans in each loan category listed as of the dates presented:

December 31, 2021

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

3,140,740

 

69.6%

$

31,256

 

62.9%

PPP loans(1)

21,677

0.5%

0.0%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

664,729

 

14.7%

 

10,033

 

20.2%

Residential real estate

 

668,656

 

14.8%

 

8,056

 

16.2%

Consumer

 

17,581

 

0.4%

 

349

 

0.7%

Total

$

4,513,383

 

100.0%

$

49,694

 

100.0%

(1)

PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.

December 31, 2022

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

4,251,780

 

58.9%

$

37,608

 

42.0%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

1,696,050

 

23.5%

 

32,050

 

35.8%

Residential real estate

 

1,251,281

 

17.3%

 

19,306

 

21.5%

Consumer

 

21,358

 

0.3%

 

589

 

0.7%

Total

$

7,220,469

 

100.0%

$

89,553

 

100.0%

December 31, 2020

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

2,867,959

 

66.0%

$

30,376

 

50.8%

PPP loans(1)

176,106

4.0%

0.0%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

631,996

 

14.5%

 

17,448

 

29.2%

Residential real estate

 

658,659

 

15.1%

 

11,492

 

19.2%

Consumer

 

19,006

 

0.4%

 

461

 

0.8%

Total

$

4,353,726

 

100.0%

$

59,777

 

100.0%

(1)

PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.

December 31, 2021

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

3,162,417

 

70.1%

$

31,256

 

62.9%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

664,729

 

14.7%

 

10,033

 

20.2%

Residential real estate

 

668,656

 

14.8%

 

8,056

 

16.2%

Consumer

 

17,581

 

0.4%

 

349

 

0.7%

Total

$

4,513,383

 

100.0%

$

49,694

 

100.0%

December 31, 2020

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

3,044,065

 

70.0%

$

30,376

 

50.8%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

631,996

 

14.5%

 

17,448

 

29.2%

Residential real estate

 

658,659

 

15.1%

 

11,492

 

19.2%

Consumer

 

19,006

 

0.4%

 

461

 

0.8%

Total

$

4,353,726

 

100.0%

$

59,777

 

100.0%

December 31, 2019

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

2,992,307

 

67.8%

$

30,442

 

77.9%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

630,906

 

14.3%

 

4,850

 

12.4%

Residential real estate

 

770,417

 

17.4%

 

3,468

 

8.9%

Consumer

 

21,776

 

0.5%

 

304

 

0.8%

Total

$

4,415,406

 

100.0%

$

39,064

 

100.0%

December 31, 2018

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

2,644,571

 

64.6%

$

27,137

 

76.1%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

592,212

 

14.5%

 

4,406

 

12.3%

Residential real estate

 

830,815

 

20.3%

 

3,800

 

10.6%

Consumer

 

24,710

 

0.6%

 

349

 

1.0%

Total

$

4,092,308

 

100.0%

$

35,692

 

100.0%

December 31, 2017

ACL as a %

    

Total loans

    

% of total loans

    

Related ACL

    

of total ACL

Commercial

$

1,874,605

 

59.0%

$

21,385

 

68.4%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

563,049

 

17.7%

 

5,609

 

17.9%

Residential real estate

 

716,237

 

22.5%

 

3,965

 

12.7%

Consumer

 

25,056

 

0.8%

 

305

 

1.0%

Total

$

3,178,947

 

100.0%

$

31,264

 

100.0%

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Deposits

Deposits from banking clients serve as a primary funding source for our banking operations and our ability to gather and manage deposit levels is critical to our success. Deposits not only provide a low-costlower-cost funding source for our loans, but also provide a foundation for the client relationships that are critical to future loan growth. The following table presents information regarding our deposit composition at December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Amount

% Change

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Amount

% Change

Non-interest bearing demand deposits

$

2,506,265

40.2%

$

2,111,045

37.1%

$

395,220

    

18.7%

$

3,134,716

39.9%

$

2,506,265

40.2%

$

628,451

    

25.1%

Interest bearing demand deposits

 

555,401

8.9%

 

514,286

9.1%

 

41,115

 

8.0%

 

913,852

11.6%

 

555,401

8.9%

 

358,451

 

64.5%

Savings accounts

 

774,559

12.4%

 

646,829

11.4%

 

127,730

 

19.7%

 

885,488

11.2%

 

774,559

12.4%

 

110,929

 

14.3%

Money market accounts

 

1,558,032

25.0%

 

1,417,940

25.0%

 

140,092

 

9.9%

 

2,065,170

26.2%

 

1,558,032

25.0%

 

507,138

 

32.5%

Total transaction deposits

 

5,394,257

86.5%

 

4,690,100

82.6%

 

704,157

 

15.0%

 

6,999,226

88.9%

 

5,394,257

86.5%

 

1,604,969

 

29.8%

Time deposits < $250,000

 

703,741

11.4%

 

820,229

14.5%

 

(116,488)

 

(14.2)%

 

670,197

8.5%

 

703,741

11.4%

 

(33,544)

 

(4.8)%

Time deposits > $250,000

 

130,175

2.1%

 

165,903

2.9%

 

(35,728)

 

(21.5)%

 

203,203

2.6%

 

130,175

2.1%

 

73,028

 

56.1%

Total time deposits

 

833,916

13.5%

 

986,132

17.4%

 

(152,216)

 

(15.4)%

 

873,400

11.1%

 

833,916

13.5%

 

39,484

 

4.7%

Total deposits

$

6,228,173

100.0%

$

5,676,232

100.0%

$

551,941

 

9.7%

$

7,872,626

100.0%

$

6,228,173

100.0%

$

1,644,453

 

26.4%

The following table shows uninsured time deposits by scheduled maturity as of December 31, 2021:2022:

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2022

Three months or less

$

14,340

$

13,477

Over 3 months through 6 months

 

4,538

 

24,567

Over 6 months through 12 months

 

17,027

 

37,800

Thereafter

 

21,520

 

95,926

Total uninsured time deposits

$

57,425

$

171,770

At December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, time deposits that were scheduled to mature within 12 months totaled $555.4$469.8 million and $659.5$555.4 million, respectively. Of the time deposits scheduled to mature within 12 months at December 31, 2021, $81.42022, $98.2 million were in denominations of $250,000 or more, and $474.0$371.6 million were in denominations less than $250,000. The aggregate amount of time deposits that exceeded the FDIC insurance limit was $57.4 million at December 31, 2021. Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements provides a maturity schedule of time deposits outstanding at December 31, 2021.

Long-term debt

During the fourth quarter of 2021, theThe Company entered intoholds a subordinated note purchase agreement to issue and sell a fixed-to-floating rate note totaling $40.0 million. The balance on the note at December 31, 2021,2022, net of long-term debt issuance costs totaling $0.5 million, totaled $39.5 million. Interest expense totaling $183.3 thousand$1.3 million and $0.2 million was recorded within other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial conditionoperations during the yearyears ended December 31, 2021.2022 and 2021, respectively.

The note is subordinated, unsecured and matures on November 15, 2031. Payments consist of interest only. Beginning November 15, 2021,Interest expense on the note will initially beis payable semi-annually in arrears and will bear interest at 3.00% per annum until November 15, 2026 (or any earlier redemption date). From November 15, 2026 until November 15, 2031 (or any earlier redemption date) payments will be made quarterly in arrears, and the interest rate shall reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month term SOFR plus 203 basis points. The Company intends to usedeployed the net proceeds from the sale of the note for general corporate purposes. Prior to November 5, 2026, the Company may redeem the note only under certain limited circumstances. Beginning on November 5, 2026 through maturity, the note may be redeemed, at the Company’s option, on any scheduled interest payment date. Any redemption by the Company would be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the note being redeemed, together with any accrued and unpaid interest on the note being redeemed up to but excluding the date of redemption. The note is not subject to redemption at the option of the holder.

As part of the acquisition of BOJH on October 1, 2022, the Company assumed three subordinated note purchase agreements to issue and sell fixed-to-floating rates totaling $15.0 million. The balance on the notes at December 31, 2022, net of a fair

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Table of Contents

value adjustment related to the acquisition totaling $0.6 million, totaled $14.4 million. Interest expense related to the notes totaling $0.2 million was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The three notes, containing similar terms, are subordinated, unsecured and mature on June 15, 2031. Payments consist of interest only. Interest expense on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears and will bear interest at 3.75% per annum until June 15, 2026 (or any earlier redemption date). From June 15, 2026 until June 15, 2031 (or any earlier redemption date) payments will be made quarterly in arrears, and the interest rate shall reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month term SOFR plus 306 basis points. Prior to June 15, 2026, the Company may redeem the notes only under certain limited circumstances. Beginning on June 15, 2026 through maturity, the notes may be redeemed, at the Company’s option, on any scheduled interest payment date. Any redemption by the Company would be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed, together with any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes being redeemed up to but excluding the date of redemption. The notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holder.

Other borrowings

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, the BankCompany sold securities under agreements to repurchase totaling $22.8$20.2 million and $22.9$22.8 million, respectively. In addition, as a member of the FHLB, the BankCompany has access to a line of credit and term financing from the FHLB with total available credit of $0.9$1.1 billion at December 31, 2021.2022. The Bank utilizesCompany may utilize its FHLB line of credit as a funding mechanism for originated loans and loans held for sale. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $385.0 million of outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. At December 31, 2021, and 2020, the BankCompany had no outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. The BankCompany may pledge investment securities and loans as collateral for FHLB advances. There were no investment securities pledged at December 31, 20212022 or 2020.2021. Loans pledged were $2.0 billion at December 31, 2022 and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2021 and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2020.2021. The Company incurred no$1.7 million of interest expense related to FHLB advances or other short-term borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.2022.

Regulatory Capital

Our subsidiary bankbanks and the holding company are subject to the regulatory capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC, as applicable. Failure to meet the minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly further discretionary actions by regulators that could have a material adverse effect on us. At December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, our subsidiary bankbanks and the consolidated holding company exceeded all capital ratio requirements under prompt corrective action and other regulatory requirements, as further detailed in note 1415 of our consolidated financial statements.

Results of Operations

Our net income depends largely on net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from interest earning assets and interest expense on interest bearing liabilities. Our results of operations are also affected by provisions for loancredit losses and non-interest income, such as service charges, bank card income, swap fee income, and gain on sale of mortgages. Our primary operating expenses, aside from interest expense, consist of salaries and benefits, occupancy costs, telecommunications data processing expense, and intangible asset amortization. Any expenses related to the resolution of problem assets are also included in non-interest expense.

Overview of results of operations

Net income totaled a record$71.3 million, or $2.18 per diluted share, during 2022, compared to net income of $93.6 million, or $3.01 per diluted share, during 2021, compared to2021. Adjusting for acquisition-related provision expense and non-recurring acquisition-related expenses of $36.8 million during 2022, adjusted net income of $88.6totaled $99.6 million or $2.85$3.05 per diluted share, during 2020.the year ended December 31, 2022. The return on average tangible assets was 1.37%0.95% and 1.44%1.37% during the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and the return on average tangible common equity was 12.87%9.91% and 13.27%12.87%, respectively. Adjusting for acquisition-related expenses, the return on average tangible assets was 1.32% and the return on average tangible common equity was a record 13.75% during the year ended December 31, 2022. The increases in the Federal Reserve’s interest rates are driving higher loan yields. The increasing interest rates, in combination with our strong originated loan

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Table of Contents

growth and growth from our acquisitions resulted in increasing levels of net interest income. However, the rise in interest rates in 2022 has resulted in lower mortgage banking income.

Net interest income

We regularly review net interest income metrics to provide us with indicators of how the various components of net interest income are performing. We regularly review: (i) our loan mix and the yield on loans; (ii) the investment portfolio and the related yields; (iii) our deposit mix and the cost of deposits; and (iv) net interest income simulations for various forecast periods.

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Table of Contents

The table below presents the components of net interest income on a FTE basis for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The effects of trade-date accounting of investment securities for which the cash had not settled are not considered interest earning assets and are excluded from this presentation for time frames prior to their cash settlement, as are the market value adjustments on the investment securities available-for-sale and loans.

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Table of Contents

The table below presents the components of net interest income on a FTE basis for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

For the year ended

For the year ended

For the year ended

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Average
balance

Interest

Average
rate

Average
balance

Interest

Average
rate

Average
balance

Interest

Average
rate

Interest earning assets:

Originated loans FTE(1)(2)(3)

$

4,129,684

$

164,527

3.98%

$

4,237,091

$

171,592

4.05%

$

3,838,229

$

183,502

4.78%

Acquired loans

202,174

17,340

8.58%

299,901

27,909

9.31%

443,025

35,992

8.12%

Loans held for sale

178,373

5,110

2.86%

185,182

5,628

3.04%

113,183

4,407

3.89%

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

667,859

 

10,014

1.50%

 

591,870

11,406

1.93%

 

713,686

 

15,472

2.17%

Investment securities held-to-maturity

 

576,343

 

7,311

1.27%

 

248,006

5,099

2.06%

 

207,784

 

5,825

2.80%

Other securities

 

15,032

 

838

5.57%

 

26,903

1,157

4.30%

 

28,060

 

1,770

6.31%

Interest earning deposits and securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

751,835

 

986

0.13%

 

206,911

 

314

0.15%

 

24,106

 

698

2.90%

Total interest earning assets FTE(2)

$

6,521,300

$

206,126

3.16%

$

5,795,864

$

223,105

3.85%

$

5,368,073

$

247,666

4.61%

Cash and due from banks

 

78,979

 

74,461

 

76,788

Other assets

 

472,775

 

511,721

 

430,402

Allowance for credit losses

 

(52,943)

 

(55,778)

 

(38,142)

Total assets

$

7,020,111

$

6,326,268

$

5,837,121

Interest bearing liabilities:

Interest bearing demand, savings and money market deposits

$

2,772,091

$

6,240

0.23%

$

2,730,857

$

8,605

0.32%

$

2,426,963

$

13,277

0.55%

Time deposits

 

914,837

 

7,362

0.80%

 

1,038,107

15,024

1.45%

 

1,074,506

 

16,526

1.54%

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

20,338

 

23

0.11%

 

28,585

132

0.46%

 

60,445

 

668

1.11%

Long-term debt, net

 

6,200

 

196

3.16%

0.00%

0.00%

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

 

0.00%

 

95,418

1,295

1.36%

 

269,207

 

6,300

2.34%

Total interest bearing liabilities

$

3,713,466

$

13,821

0.37%

$

3,892,967

$

25,056

0.64%

$

3,831,121

$

36,771

0.96%

Demand deposits

 

2,355,171

 

1,497,940

 

1,159,080

Other liabilities

 

104,935

 

147,075

 

108,997

Total liabilities

 

6,173,572

 

5,537,982

 

5,099,198

Shareholders' equity

 

846,539

 

788,286

 

737,923

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$

7,020,111

$

6,326,268

$

5,837,121

Net interest income FTE(2)

$

192,305

$

198,049

$

210,895

Interest rate spread FTE(2)

2.79%

3.21%

3.65%

Net interest earning assets

$

2,807,834

$

1,902,897

$

1,536,952

Net interest margin FTE(2)

2.95%

3.42%

3.93%

Average transaction deposits

$

5,127,262

$

4,228,797

$

3,586,043

Average total deposits

6,042,099

5,266,904

4,660,549

Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest bearing liabilities

175.61%

148.88%

140.12%

For the year ended

For the year ended

For the year ended

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Average
balance

Interest

Average
rate

Average
balance

Interest

Average
rate

Average
balance

Interest

Average
rate

Interest earning assets:

Originated loans FTE(1)(2)(3)

$

4,767,713

$

218,561

4.58%

$

4,129,684

$

164,527

3.98%

$

4,237,091

$

171,592

4.05%

Acquired loans

594,222

40,060

6.74%

202,174

17,340

8.58%

299,901

27,909

9.31%

Loans held for sale

58,788

2,563

4.36%

178,373

5,110

2.86%

185,182

5,628

3.04%

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

839,872

 

15,091

1.80%

 

667,859

10,014

1.50%

 

591,870

 

11,406

1.93%

Investment securities held-to-maturity

 

604,423

 

9,109

1.51%

 

576,343

7,311

1.27%

 

248,006

 

5,099

2.06%

Other securities

 

17,598

 

1,034

5.88%

 

15,032

838

5.57%

 

26,903

 

1,157

4.30%

Interest earning deposits

 

426,137

 

3,782

0.89%

 

751,835

 

986

0.13%

 

206,911

 

314

0.15%

Total interest earning assets FTE(2)

$

7,308,753

$

290,200

3.97%

$

6,521,300

$

206,126

3.16%

$

5,795,864

$

223,105

3.85%

Cash and due from banks

 

90,657

 

78,979

 

74,461

Other assets

 

490,206

 

472,775

 

511,721

Allowance for credit losses

 

(59,824)

 

(52,943)

 

(55,778)

Total assets

$

7,829,792

$

7,020,111

$

6,326,268

Interest bearing liabilities:

Interest bearing demand, savings and money market deposits

$

3,235,834

$

9,347

0.29%

$

2,772,091

$

6,240

0.23%

$

2,730,857

$

8,605

0.32%

Time deposits

 

826,293

 

5,249

0.64%

 

914,837

7,362

0.80%

 

1,038,107

 

15,024

1.45%

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

21,298

 

43

0.20%

 

20,338

23

0.11%

 

28,585

 

132

0.46%

Long-term debt, net

 

43,048

 

1,519

3.53%

6,200

196

3.16%

0.00%

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

40,870

 

1,695

4.15%

 

0.00%

 

95,418

 

1,295

1.36%

Total interest bearing liabilities

$

4,167,343

$

17,853

0.43%

$

3,713,466

$

13,821

0.37%

$

3,892,967

$

25,056

0.64%

Demand deposits

 

2,652,561

 

2,355,171

 

1,497,940

Other liabilities

 

105,507

 

104,935

 

147,075

Total liabilities

 

6,925,411

 

6,173,572

 

5,537,982

Shareholders' equity

 

904,381

 

846,539

 

788,286

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$

7,829,792

$

7,020,111

$

6,326,268

Net interest income FTE(2)

$

272,347

$

192,305

$

198,049

Interest rate spread FTE(2)

3.54%

2.79%

3.21%

Net interest earning assets

$

3,141,410

$

2,807,834

$

1,902,897

Net interest margin FTE(2)

3.73%

2.95%

3.42%

Average transaction deposits

$

5,888,395

$

5,127,262

$

4,228,797

Average total deposits

6,714,688

6,042,099

5,266,904

Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest bearing liabilities

175.38%

175.61%

148.88%

(1)

    

Originated loans are net of deferred loan fees, less costs, which are included in interest income over the life of the loan.

(2)

    

Presented on an FTE basis using the statutory tax rate of 21% for all periods presented. The taxable equivalent adjustments included above are $5,512, $5,161 $5,103 and $5,065$5,103 for the years ended 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively.

(3)

    

Loan fees included in interest income totaled $9,453, $18,207 and $15,713 during 2022, 2021 and $6,328 during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Net interest income totaled $266.8 million, $187.1 million and $192.9 million during the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net interest income on an FTE basis totaled $272.3 million, $192.3 million and $198.0 million during the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the FTE net interest margin widened 78

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Net interest income totaled $187.1 million, $192.9 million and $205.8 million duringbasis points to 3.73%, compared to the yearsyear ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net interest income on an FTE basis totaled $192.3 million, $198.0 million and $210.9 million during the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.December 31, 2021. The yield on earning assets decreased 69increased 81 basis points ledto 3.97%, primarily driven by a decreasemultiple increases in the federal funds rate since March 2022 as well as excess cash being deployed into higher-yielding originated portfolio yields due to a remix of assets into lower-yielding cash balancesloans and interest rate actions taken by the Federal Reserve during 2020. During 2021, theinvestment securities. The cost of funds decreased 22increased three basis points to 0.26% during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the prior year.year ended December 31, 2021.

Average loans comprised $4.3$5.4 billion, or 66.4%73.4%, of total average interest earning assets during 2021,2022, compared to $4.5$4.3 billion, or 78.3%66.4%, during 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease in average loan balances was primarilylargely driven by our careful approach to extending new credit, a focus on managing credit risk$638.0 million increase in average originated loans. Average acquired loans increased $392.0 million as a result of the RCB and yield and a decrease in PPP loan balances. During 2021, loan originations totaled $1.5 billion.BOJH acquisitions.

Average investment securities comprised 19.1%19.8% and 14.5%19.1% of total interest earning assets during 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively. The increase in the investment portfolio was driven by strategic decisions to deploy a portion of excess liquidity into investment securities. Average interest bearing cash balances totaled $426.1 million during 2022, compared to $751.8 million during 2021 compared to $206.9 million during 2020.as the excess cash liquidity has been deployed into higher-yielding earning assets.

Average balances of interest bearing liabilities decreased $179.5increased $453.9 million during 2021,2022, compared to 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease was driven by timeinterest bearing demand, savings and money market deposits totaling $123.3$463.7 million, FHLB advances totaling $95.4$40.9 million, long-term debt totaling $36.8 million and securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaling $8.2$1.0 million. The decreaseincrease was partially offset by increasesa decrease in interest bearing demand, savings and money marketaverage time deposits totaling $41.2 million$88.5 million.

The RCB acquisition added $0.7 billion of total deposits, including $0.6 billion of transaction deposits and long-term debt totaling $6.2 million.$0.1 billion of time deposits on September 1, 2022. The BOJH acquisition added $1.4 billion of total deposits, including $1.3 billion of transaction deposits and $0.1 billion of time deposits on October 1, 2022.

Total interest expense related to interest bearing liabilities was $17.9 million and $13.8 million during 2022 and $25.1 million during 2021, and 2020, respectively, at an average cost of 0.43% and 0.37% during 2022 and 0.64% during 2021, and 2020, respectively. Additionally, the cost of deposits decreased 22one basis pointspoint to 0.23%0.22% during 2021,2022, compared to 0.45% during 2020, due to the decline in short-term interest rates as a result of interest rate actions taken by the Federal Reserve.2021.

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The following table summarizes the changes in net interest income on an FTE basis by major category of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, identifying changes related to volume and changes related to rates for 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019:2020:

The year ended December 31, 2021

The year ended December 31, 2020

The year ended December 31, 2022

The year ended December 31, 2021

compared to

compared to

compared to

compared to

the year ended December 31, 2020

the year ended December 31, 2019

the year ended December 31, 2021

the year ended December 31, 2020

Increase (decrease) due to

Increase (decrease) due to

Increase (decrease) due to

Increase (decrease) due to

    

Volume

    

Rate

    

Net

    

Volume

    

Rate

    

Net

    

Volume

    

Rate

    

Net

    

Volume

    

Rate

    

Net

Interest income:

Originated loans FTE(1)(2)(3)

$

(4,279)

$

(2,786)

$

(7,065)

$

16,153

$

(28,063)

$

(11,910)

$

29,248

$

24,786

$

54,034

$

(4,279)

$

(2,786)

$

(7,065)

Acquired loans

(8,382)

(2,187)

(10,569)

(13,319)

5,236

(8,083)

26,430

(3,710)

22,720

(8,382)

(2,187)

(10,569)

Loans held for sale

 

(195)

(323)

(518)

2,188

(967)

1,221

 

(5,214)

2,667

(2,547)

(195)

(323)

(518)

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

1,139

 

(2,531)

 

(1,392)

 

(2,348)

 

(1,718)

 

(4,066)

 

3,091

 

1,986

 

5,077

 

1,139

 

(2,531)

 

(1,392)

Investment securities held-to-maturity

 

4,165

 

(1,953)

 

2,212

 

827

 

(1,553)

 

(726)

 

423

 

1,375

 

1,798

 

4,165

 

(1,953)

 

2,212

Other securities

 

(662)

 

343

 

(319)

 

(50)

 

(563)

 

(613)

 

151

 

45

 

196

 

(662)

 

343

 

(319)

Interest earning deposits and securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

715

 

(43)

 

672

 

277

 

(661)

 

(384)

Interest earning deposits

 

(2,891)

 

5,687

 

2,796

 

715

 

(43)

 

672

Total interest income

$

(7,499)

$

(9,480)

$

(16,979)

$

3,728

$

(28,289)

$

(24,561)

$

51,238

$

32,836

$

84,074

$

(7,499)

$

(9,480)

$

(16,979)

Interest expense:

Interest bearing demand, savings and money market deposits

$

93

$

(2,458)

$

(2,365)

$

958

$

(5,630)

$

(4,672)

$

1,340

$

1,767

$

3,107

$

93

$

(2,458)

$

(2,365)

Time deposits

 

(992)

 

(6,670)

 

(7,662)

 

(527)

 

(975)

 

(1,502)

 

(562)

 

(1,551)

 

(2,113)

 

(992)

 

(6,670)

 

(7,662)

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

(9)

 

(100)

 

(109)

 

(147)

 

(389)

 

(536)

 

2

 

18

 

20

 

(9)

 

(100)

 

(109)

Long-term debt, net

196

 

196

1,300

 

23

1,323

196

196

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

 

(1,295)

 

(1,295)

 

(2,359)

 

(2,646)

 

(5,005)

 

1,695

 

 

1,695

 

 

(1,295)

 

(1,295)

Total interest expense

 

(712)

 

(10,523)

 

(11,235)

 

(2,075)

 

(9,640)

 

(11,715)

 

3,775

 

257

 

4,032

 

(712)

 

(10,523)

 

(11,235)

Net change in net interest income

$

(6,787)

$

1,043

$

(5,744)

$

5,803

$

(18,649)

$

(12,846)

$

47,463

$

32,579

$

80,042

$

(6,787)

$

1,043

$

(5,744)

(1)

    

Originated loans are net of deferred loan fees, less costs, which are included in interest income over the life of the loan.

(2)

    

Presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the statutory tax rate of 21% for all periods presented. The taxable equivalent adjustments included above are $5,512, $5,161 $5,103 and $5,065$5,103 for the years ended 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively.

(3)

Loan fees included in interest income totaled $9,453, $18,207 $15,713 and $6,328$15,713 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Below is a breakdown of average deposits and the average rates paid during the periods indicated:

For the three months ended

For the years ended

For the three months ended

For the years ended

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Average

Average

Average

Average

Average

Average

Average

Average

Average

rate

Average

rate

Average

rate

Average

rate

Average

rate

Average

rate

Average

rate

Average

rate

balance

    

paid

balance

    

paid

balance

paid

balance

paid

balance

    

paid

    

balance

    

paid

    

balance

    

paid

    

balance

    

paid

Non-interest bearing demand

$

2,459,063

    

0.00%

$

1,898,171

    

0.00%

$

2,355,171

0.00%

$

1,497,940

0.00%

$

3,142,296

0.00%

$

2,459,063

    

0.00%

$

2,652,561

    

0.00%

$

2,355,171

0.00%

Interest bearing demand

 

547,740

0.17%

 

660,817

0.21%

 

548,612

0.20%

 

821,813

0.23%

 

939,973

0.53%

 

547,740

0.17%

 

678,151

0.32%

 

548,612

0.20%

Money market accounts

 

1,549,844

0.25%

 

1,459,528

0.31%

 

1,506,274

0.27%

 

1,318,764

0.41%

 

2,115,876

0.53%

 

1,549,844

0.25%

 

1,744,797

0.33%

 

1,506,274

0.27%

Savings accounts

 

749,978

0.16%

 

626,252

0.18%

 

717,205

0.16%

 

590,280

0.23%

 

890,724

0.21%

 

749,978

0.16%

 

812,886

0.17%

 

717,205

0.16%

Time deposits

 

851,779

0.61%

 

1,008,297

1.16%

 

914,837

0.80%

 

1,038,107

1.45%

 

892,122

0.91%

 

851,779

0.61%

 

826,293

0.64%

 

914,837

0.80%

Total average deposits

$

6,158,404

0.18%

$

5,653,065

0.33%

$

6,042,099

0.23%

$

5,266,904

0.45%

$

7,980,991

0.33%

$

6,158,404

0.18%

$

6,714,688

0.22%

$

6,042,099

0.23%

Provision for loancredit losses

The provision for loan losses represents the amount of expense that is necessary to bring the ACL to a level that we deem appropriate to absorb estimated lifetime losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The determination of the ACL, and the resultant provision for loancredit losses, is subjective and involves significant estimates and assumptions. The allowance for credit losses totaled 1.24% of total loans at December 31, 2022, compared to the allowance for credit losses of 1.10% at December 31, 2021.

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Table of Contents

The Company recorded a credit loss provision releaseexpense of $9.3$36.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which included $21.7 million of Day 1 reserve funding for the RCB and BOJH loan portfolios. The remainder of the provision expense was driven by strong loan growth and higher reserve requirements from changes in the CECL model’s underlying macro-economic forecast. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a provision release of $9.3 million, which included a provision release of $8.8 million for funded loans and a provision release of $0.5 million for unfunded loan commitments, driven by strong asset quality and an improved outlook in the CECL model’s underlying economic forecast. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded total provision expense of $17.6 million, which included a provision expense of $17.5 million for funded loans and a provision expense of $0.1 million for unfunded loan commitments, to provide coverage for the impact of deteriorating economic conditions as a result of COVID-19 and to support non-PPP originated loan growth.

The allowance for credit losses totaled 1.10% of total loans at December 31, 2021, compared to 1.37% at December 31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans, the allowance for credit losses totaled 1.11% of loans at December 31, 2021, compared to 1.43% at December 31, 2020.

Non-interest income

The table below details the components of non-interest income for the years presented:

For the years ended December 31, 

2021 vs 2020

2020 vs 2019

For the years ended December 31, 

2022 vs 2021

2021 vs 2020

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

Amount

% Change

Amount

% Change

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Amount

% Change

Amount

% Change

Service charges

$

14,894

$

14,962

$

17,895

$

(68)

(0.5)%

$

(2,933)

(16.4)%

$

16,357

$

14,894

$

14,962

$

1,463

9.8 %

$

(68)

(0.5)%

Bank card fees

 

17,693

 

15,446

 

14,595

2,247

14.5 %

851

5.8 %

 

18,299

 

17,693

 

15,446

606

3.4 %

2,247

14.5 %

Mortgage banking income

 

63,360

 

102,384

 

42,346

(39,024)

(38.1)%

60,038

141.8 %

 

23,774

 

63,360

 

102,384

(39,586)

(62.5)%

(39,024)

(38.1)%

Bank-owned life insurance income

2,208

2,360

1,713

(152)

(6.4)%

647

37.8 %

2,272

2,208

2,360

64

2.9 %

(152)

(6.4)%

Other non-interest income

 

12,174

 

4,719

 

5,888

7,455

158.0 %

(1,169)

(19.9)%

 

6,603

 

12,174

 

4,719

(5,571)

(45.8)%

7,455

>100.0%

OREO-related income

 

35

 

387

 

315

(352)

(91.0)%

72

22.9 %

 

7

 

35

 

387

(28)

(80.0)%

(352)

(91.0)%

Total non-interest income

$

110,364

$

140,258

$

82,752

$

(29,894)

(21.3)%

$

57,506

69.5 %

$

67,312

$

110,364

$

140,258

$

(43,052)

(39.0)%

$

(29,894)

(21.3)%

Non-interest income totaled $67.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $110.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $140.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The decrease was primarily driven by $39.0$39.6 million lower mortgage banking income due to slower refinance activity in 20212022 and competition driving tighter gain on sale margins. Included in mortgage banking income wasThe year ended December 31, 2021 included a $1.3 million gain from the sale of mortgage servicing rights during 2021.included in mortgage banking income. Other non-interest income increased $7.5decreased $5.6 million during 2021primarily due to $4.6 million ofmarket adjustments on company-owned life insurance, lower unrealized gains on equity method investments and non-recurring banking center consolidation-related income included in 2021. Service charges and $3.0 million of unrealized gains from equity method investments. Bankbank card fees increased $2.2a combined $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 2021, due to the growth in our deposit base and changes in consumer behavior.

Non-interest expense

The table below details the components of non-interest expense for the years presented:

For the years ended December 31,

2021 vs 2020

2020 vs 2019

For the years ended December 31,

2022 vs 2021

2021 vs 2020

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

Increase (decrease)

2021

    

2020

    

2019

Amount

% Change

Amount

% Change

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Amount

% Change

Amount

% Change

Salaries and benefits

$

127,504

$

141,170

$

122,732

$

(13,666)

(9.7)%

$

18,438

15.0 %

$

124,971

$

127,504

$

141,170

$

(2,533)

(2.0)%

$

(13,666)

(9.7)%

Occupancy and equipment

 

25,283

 

27,473

 

27,336

 

(2,190)

(8.0)%

137

0.5 %

 

31,496

 

25,283

 

27,473

 

6,213

24.6 %

(2,190)

(8.0)%

Telecommunications and data processing

 

9,310

 

9,042

 

8,754

 

268

3.0 %

288

3.3 %

Data processing

 

12,657

 

9,310

 

9,042

 

3,347

36.0 %

268

3.0 %

Marketing and business development

 

2,509

 

2,802

 

3,897

 

(293)

(10.5)%

(1,095)

(28.1)%

 

3,821

 

2,509

 

2,802

 

1,312

52.3 %

(293)

(10.5)%

FDIC deposit insurance

 

1,850

 

1,168

 

1,049

 

682

58.4 %

119

11.3 %

 

2,121

 

1,850

 

1,168

 

271

14.6 %

682

58.4 %

Bank card expenses

 

5,177

 

4,388

 

4,780

 

789

18.0 %

(392)

(8.2)%

 

5,480

 

5,177

 

4,388

 

303

5.9 %

789

18.0 %

Professional fees

 

5,423

 

2,946

 

3,256

 

2,477

84.1 %

(310)

(9.5)%

 

14,418

 

5,423

 

2,946

 

8,995

165.9 %

2,477

84.1 %

Other non-interest expense

 

10,414

 

10,547

 

10,867

 

(133)

(1.3)%

(320)

(2.9)%

 

14,332

 

10,414

 

10,547

 

3,918

37.6 %

(133)

(1.3)%

Problem asset workout

2,063

3,148

3,186

(1,085)

(34.5)%

(38)

(1.2)%

248

2,063

3,148

(1,815)

(88.0)%

(1,085)

(34.5)%

Gain on OREO sales, net

(475)

(38)

(7,193)

437

>100.0%

(7,155)

(99.5)%

(648)

(475)

(38)

(173)

36.4 %

(437)

>100.0%

Core deposit intangible asset amortization

 

1,183

 

1,183

 

1,183

 

 

2,338

 

1,183

 

1,183

 

1,155

97.6 %

0.0 %

Banking center consolidation-related expense

 

1,589

 

2,348

 

898

 

(759)

(32.3)%

1,450

161.5 %

 

 

1,589

 

2,348

 

(1,589)

(100.0)%

(759)

(32.3)%

Total non-interest expense

$

191,830

$

206,177

$

180,745

$

(14,347)

(7.0)%

$

25,432

14.1 %

$

211,234

$

191,830

$

206,177

$

19,404

10.1 %

$

(14,347)

(7.0)%

During the year ended December 31, 2022, non-interest expense increased $19.4 million, or 10.1%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The year ended December 31, 2022 included $15.1 million of non-recurring acquisition-related expenses with $8.2 million included in professional fees, $1.7 million included in salaries and benefits, $2.1 million included in data processing, $1.6 million included in occupancy and equipment, $0.9 million included in other non-interest expense

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Duringand $0.6 million included in marketing and business development. Compared to 2021, our on-going operating expenses increased driven by growth from our recent acquisitions. Excluding non-recurring acquisition-related expenses, occupancy and equipment increased $4.6 million, data processing increased $1.2 million, core deposit and wealth management intangible assets amortization increased $1.2 million, professional fees increased $0.8 million and other non-interest expense increased $3.0 million. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.8 million decrease in salaries and benefits as the decrease in mortgage banking-related compensation more than offset additional expense for the RCB and BOJH associates. The year ended December 31, 2022 included $4.3 million for continued investment in our digital platform 2UniFiSM, and the year ended December 31, 2021 non-interest expense decreased $14.3 million, or 7.0%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to lower mortgage-related compensation as well as the Company’s strategic efforts to improve operating efficiency. Salaries and benefits decreased $13.7 million primarily due to lower mortgage banking related compensation. Included in 2021 were $2.5 million of transaction-related professional fees for the investments in Finstro Global Holdings, Inc. and Figure Technologies. Occupancy and equipment decreased $2.2 million largely due to efficiencies gained fromincluded banking center consolidations. Problem asset workoutconsolidation-related expense decreased $1.1 million, and gain on sale of OREO increased $0.4$1.6 million.

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 740. Under this guidance, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws. ASC Topic 740 requires the establishment of a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset unless it is more-likely-than-not that the tax benefit of the deferred tax asset will be realized. For purposes of projecting whether the deferred tax asset will be realized, we consider tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate, estimates of future taxable income, and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results, or the ability to implement tax planning strategies varies, adjustments to the carrying value of the deferred tax assets may be required. We believe that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.

Income tax expense totaled $14.9 million during 2022, compared to $21.4 million during 2021, compared2021. The decrease in income tax expense was driven by the lower taxable income due to $20.8 million during 2020.2022’s acquisition-related expenses. Included in income tax expense was $0.3 million and $0.6 million of tax benefit and $0.1 million of tax expense from stock compensation activity during 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Adjusting for the stock compensation activity, the effective tax rate for 20212022 was 19.1%17.6% compared to an adjusted rate of 19.0%19.1% for 2020.2021. As of December 31, 2021,2022, our marginal tax rate (the rate we pay on each incremental dollar of earnings) was approximately 23%. However, our effective tax rate (income tax expense divided by income before income taxes) for a given period differs from our marginal rate largely due to income and expense items that are non-taxable or non-deductible in the calculation of income tax expense. The lower effective tax rate compared to the federal statutory tax rate was primarily due to interest income from tax-exempt lending, bank-owned life insurance income, and the relationship of these items to pre-tax income.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is monitored and managed to ensure that sufficient funds are available to operate our business and pay our obligations to depositors and other creditors, while providing ample available funds for opportunistic and strategic investments. Management believes that the Company's excess cash, borrowing capacity and access to sufficient sources of capital are adequate to meet its short-term and long-term liquidity needs in the foreseeable future. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, prepayments and maturities of loans and investment securities, the sale of investment securities, and funds provided from operations. We anticipate having access to other third party funding sources, including the ability to raise funds through FHLB advances, issuance of debt, federal funds purchased, and the issuance of shares of our common stock or other equity or equity-related securities, incurrence of debt, and federal funds purchased, that may also be a source of liquidity. We anticipate that these sources of liquidity will provide adequate funding and liquidity for at least a 12-month period, and we may utilize any combination of these funding sources for long-term liquidity needs if deemed prudent.

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On-balance sheet liquidity is represented by our cash and cash equivalents and unencumbered investment securities, and is detailed in the table below as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

Cash and due from banks

$

845,195

$

605,065

$

194,756

$

845,195

Interest bearing bank deposits

 

500

 

500

 

749

 

500

Unencumbered investment securities, at fair value

 

781,166

 

513,945

 

476,250

 

781,166

Total

$

1,626,861

$

1,119,510

$

671,755

$

1,626,861

Total on-balance sheet liquidity increased $507.4decreased $954.9 million from December 31, 20202021 to December 31, 2022. The decrease was due to $304.9 million lower unencumbered available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities balances and lower cash and due from banks of $650.4 million as excess cash liquidity was deployed into higher earning investment securities and loans.

At present, financing activities primarily consist of changes in deposits and repurchase agreements, and advances from the FHLB, in addition to the payment of dividends and the repurchase of our common stock. Maturing time deposits represent a potential use of funds. As of December 31, 2022, $469.8 million of time deposits were scheduled to mature within 12 months. Based on the current interest rate environment and market conditions, our consumer banking strategy is to focus on lower cost transaction accounts and time deposits. During 2021, primarily driven by strong deposit growth.the Company entered into a subordinated note purchase agreement to issue and sell a fixed-to-floating note. The Company deployed the net proceeds from the sale of the note for general corporate purposes. The note is not subject to redemption at the option of the holder. Additionally, as part of the acquisition of BOJH on October 1, 2022, the Company assumed three subordinated note purchase agreements to issue and sell fixed-to-floating rate notes.

Through our relationship with the FHLB, the BankCompany may pledge qualifying loans and investment securities allowing us to obtain additional liquidity through FHLB advances and lines of credit. There were no investment securities pledged at December 31, 20212022 or 2020.2021. The BankCompany had loans of $2.0 billion and $1.3 billion pledged as collateral for FHLB advances of $1.3 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2020.respectively. FHLB advances, lines of credit and other short-term borrowing availability totaled $0.9$1.1 billion at December 31, 2021.2022. The BankCompany can obtain additional liquidity through the FHLB facility, if required, and also has access to federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks.

During 2021, At December 31, 2022, the Company entered into a subordinated note purchase agreement to issue and sell a fixed-to-floating note. The Company intends to usehad $385.0 million of outstanding borrowings with the net proceeds from the sale of the note for general corporate purposes. The note is not subject to redemption at the option of the holder.FHLB.

Our primary uses of funds are loan originations,fundings, investment security purchases, withdrawals of deposits, settlement of repurchase agreements, capital expenditures, operating expenses, and share repurchases. For additional information regarding our operating, investing and financing cash flows, see our consolidated statements of cash flows in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Exclusive from the investing activities related to acquisitions, our primary investing activities are originationsloan fundings and pay-offs and paydowns of loans and purchases and sales of investment securities. At December 31, 2021,2022, pledgeable investment securities represented a significant source of liquidity. Our available-for-sale investment securities are carried at fair value and our held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost. Our collective investment securities portfolio totaled $1.3$1.4 billion at December 31, 2021,2022, inclusive of pre-tax net unrealized gainslosses of $3.4$113.5 million on the available-for-sale securities portfolio. Additionally, our held-to-maturity securities portfolio had $2.2$91.6 million of pre-tax net unrealized gainslosses at December 31, 2021.2022. The gross unrealized gains and losses are detailed in note 45 of our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2021,2022, our investment securities portfolio consisted primarily of MBS, all of which were issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises. The anticipated repayments and marketability of these securities offer substantial resources and flexibility to meet new loan demand, reinvest in the investment securities portfolio, or provide optionality for reductions in our deposit funding base.

At present, financing activities primarily consist of changes in deposits and repurchase agreements, and advances from the FHLB, in addition to the payment of dividends and the repurchase of our common stock. Maturing time deposits represent a potential use of funds. As of December 31, 2021, $555.4 million of time deposits were scheduled to mature within 12 months. Based on the current interest rate environment, market conditions, and our consumer banking strategy focusing on both lower cost transaction accounts and term deposits, our strategy is to replace a portion of those maturing time deposits with transaction deposits and market-rate time deposits.

We enter into contractual obligations that require a future cash settlement. These may include operating lease obligations, purchase obligations, time deposits and issuance of long-term debt. For the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, contractual obligations totaled $924.6$967.5 million with $576.1$495.4 million estimated to be paid within one year. Included within those contractual obligations were time deposits totaling $833.9$873.4 million, with $555.4$469.8 million of that estimated to be paid within one year.

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Capital

Under the Basel III requirements, at December 31, 2021,2022, the Company and the BankBanks met all capital adequacy requirements, and the BankBanks had regulatory capital ratios in excess of the levels established for well-capitalized institutions. For more information on regulatory capital, see note 1415 in our consolidated financial statements.

Our shareholders' equity is impacted by earnings, changes in unrealized gains and losses on securities, net of tax, stock-based compensation activity, share repurchases, shares issued in connection with acquisitions and the payment of dividends.

The Board of Directors has from time to time authorized multiple programs to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock either in open market or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable regulations of the SEC. On February 24, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new program to repurchase up to $75.0 million of the Company’s stock which replaces the previously authorized $50.0 million stock repurchase program announced in February 2020 in its entirety. During 2021, the Company repurchased 912,213 shares for $36.4 million at a weighted average price per share of $39.88.stock. The remaining authorization under the new program as of December 31, 20212022 was $38.6 million.million.

On January 20, 2022,19, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.23$0.25 per common share, payable on March 15, 20222023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 25, 2022.24, 2023.

Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk

Management and the Board of Directors are responsible for managing interest rate risk and employing risk management policies that monitor and limit this exposure. Interest rate risk is measured using net interest income simulations and market value of portfolio equity analyses. These analyses use various assumptions, including the nature and timing of interest rate changes, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows.

The principal objective of the Company's asset and liability management function is to evaluate the interest rate risk within the balance sheet and pursue a controlled assumption of interest rate risk while maximizing earnings and preserving adequate levels of liquidity and capital. The asset and liability management function is under the guidance of the Asset Liability Committee with direction from the Board of Directors. The Asset Liability Committee meets monthly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of the Company's assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, local and national market conditions and rates. The Asset Liability Committee also reviews the liquidity, capital, deposit mix, loan mix and investment positions of the Company.

Instantaneous parallel rate shift scenarios are modeled and utilized to evaluate risk and establish exposure limits for acceptable changes in net interest margin. These scenarios, known as rate shocks, simulate an instantaneous change in interest rates and utilize various assumptions, including, but not limited to, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment and replacement of asset and liability cash flows.

We also analyze the economic value of equity as a secondary measure of interest rate risk. This is a complementary measure to net interest income where the calculated value is the result of the market value of assets less the market value of liabilities. The economic value of equity is a longer term view of interest rate risk because it measures the present value of the future cash flows. The impact of changes in interest rates on this calculation is analyzed for the risk to our future earnings and is used in conjunction with the analyses on net interest income.

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Our interest rate risk model indicated that the Company was asset sensitive in terms of interest rate sensitivity at December 31, 20212022 and 2020.2021. During the year ended December 31, 2021, our asset sensitivity decreased slightly for a rising rate environment as a result of the balance sheet mix.decrease in excess cash liquidity. The table below illustrates the impact of an immediate and sustained 200 and 100 basis point increase and a 25100 and 200 basis point decrease in interest rates on net interest income based on the interest rate risk model at December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

Hypothetical

    

    

shift in interest

% change in projected net interest income

% change in projected net interest income

rates (in bps)

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

200

11.12%

14.22%

2.60%

11.12%

100

5.37%

7.46%

1.31%

5.37%

(25)

(0.67)%

(0.46)%

(100)

(2.93)%

(200)

(8.24)%

Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections due to several factors, including the timing and frequency of rate changes, market conditions and the shape of the yield curve. The computations of interest rate risk shown above do not include actions that management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates and actual results may also differ due to any actions taken in response to the changing rates.

As part of the asset/liability management strategy to manage primary market risk exposures expected to be in effect in future reporting periods, management has emphasizedexecuted interest rate derivatives primarily using floors and collars. For further discussion of the origination of longer duration loans.Company’s derivative contracts refer to note 21. The strategy with respect to liabilities has been to continue to emphasize transaction accountdeposit growth, particularly non-interest or low interest bearing non-maturing deposit accounts while building long-term client relationships. Non-maturing deposit accounts totaled 86.5%88.9% of total deposits at December 31, 2021,2022, compared to 82.6%86.5% at December 31, 2020.2021. We currently have no brokered time deposits.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increasing operating costs and non-interest expense. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than do changes in the general rate of inflation and changes in prices. Interest rate changes do not necessarily move in the same direction, nor have the same magnitude, as changes in the prices of goods and services. Although not as critical to the banking industry as many other industries, inflationary factors may have some impact on our ability to grow total assets, earnings and capital levels. We do not expect inflationWhile we plan to be a significant factorcontinue our disciplined approach to expense management, an inflationary environment may cause wage pressures and general increases in our financial results in the near future. To help curb inflation, the Federal Reserve has indicated that they will more than likelycost of doing business, which may increase interest rates during the first quarter of 2022.our non-interest expense.

Off-Balance Sheet Activities

In the normal course of business, we are a party to various contractual obligations, commitments and other off-balance sheet activities that contain credit, market, and operational risk that are not required to be reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The most significant of these are the loan commitments that we enter into to meet the financing needs of clients, including commitments to extend credit, commercial and consumer lines of credit and standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, we had loan commitments totaling $992.5 million$2.0 billion and $848.6 million,$1.0 billion, respectively, and standby letters of credit that totaled $13.9 million and $7.3 million, for both 2021 and 2020.respectively. Unused commitments do not necessarily represent future credit exposure or cash requirements, as commitments often expire without being drawn upon. We do not anticipate any material losses arising from commitments or contingent liabilities, and we do not believe that there are any material commitments to extend credit that represent risks of an unusual nature.

Item 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

The information called for by this item is provided under the caption Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk in Part I, Item 2-Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 8.       FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Index to Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

National Bank Holdings Corporation:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of National Bank Holdings Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021and 2020,2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021,2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021,2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 23, 202228, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for the recognition and measurement of credit losses as of January 1, 2020 due to the adoption of ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant

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estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit MatterMatters

The critical audit mattermatters communicated below is a matterare matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that waswere communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relatesrelate to accounts or

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disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit mattermatters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit mattermatters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit mattermatters or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.they relate.

Allowance for credit losses for loans individually evaluated on a collective basis

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326), as of January 1, 2020. As discussed in Note 7note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the allowance for credit losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment (the collective ACL) was $48.1$84.2 million of a total ACL of $49.7$89.6 million as of December 31, 2021.2022. The Company estimated the December 31, 20212022 collective ACL by first disaggregating the loan portfolio into segments based upon broad characteristics such as primary use and underlying collateral. Within these segments, the portfolio was further disaggregated into classes of loans with similar attributes and risk characteristics. The 20212022 collective ACL was determined at the class level, analyzing loss history based upon specific loss drivers and risk factors affecting each loan class. The Company utilized a discounted cash flow (DCF) model developed within a third-party software tool to establish expected lifetime credit losses for the loan portfolio. The 20212022 collective ACL was calculated as the difference between the amortized cost basis and the projections from the DCF analysis. The DCF model allows for individual life of loan cash flow modeling, excluding extensions and renewals, using loan-specific interest rates and repayment schedules including estimated prepayment rates and loss recovery timing delays. The model incorporates forecasts of certain national macroeconomic factors (reasonable and supportable forecasts), which drive correlated Probability of Default (“PD”)(PD) and Loss Given Default (“LGD”)(LGD) rates, which in turn, drive the losses predicted in establishing the Company’s 20212022 collective ACL. Management accounts for the inherent uncertainty of the underlying economic forecast by reviewing and weighting alternate forecast scenarios. PD and LGD rates along with prepayment rates and loss recovery time delays are determined at a loan class level making use of both internal and peer historical loss rate data. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to historical long-term average loss rates on a straight-line basis. The length of the forecast period spans four quarters. The length of the reversion period is based on management’s assessment of the length and pattern of the current economic cycle and typically ranges from four to eight quarters. Additionally, the 20212022 collective ACL calculation includes subjective adjustments for qualitative risk factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience.

We identified the assessment of the 20212022 collective ACL as a critical audit matter. A high degree of audit effort, including specialized skills and knowledge in the industry, and subjective and complex auditor judgment was involved in the assessment of the 20212022 collective ACL. Specifically, the assessment encompassed the evaluation of the 20212022 collective ACL methodology, including (1) the DCF model and significant assumptions: PD, LGD, prepayment rates, discount rates, loss recovery time delays, the use of peer data, portfolio segmentation, the length and weighting of the reasonable and supportable forecast, and the reversion period, and (2) the qualitative risk factors. The assessment also included an evaluation of the conceptual soundness and performance of the underlying models and assumptions. In addition, auditor judgment was required to evaluate the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s measurement of the 20212022 collective ACL estimate, including controls over the:

Development of the 2022 collective ACL methodology

Continued use and appropriateness of changes made to the DCF model

Performance monitoring of the DCF model

Identification and determination of the significant assumptions used in the DCF model

development of the 2021 collective ACL methodology

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continued use and appropriateness of changes made to the DCF model
performance monitoring of the DCF model
identification and determination of the significant assumptions used in the DCF model
continued

Continued use and appropriateness of changes made to the qualitative factors, including the significant assumptions used in the measurement of the qualitative factors

analysis of the overall ACL results, trends, and ratios.

Analysis of the overall ACL results, trends, and ratios.

We evaluated the Company’s process to develop the 20212022 collective ACL estimate by testing certain sources of data, factors, and significant assumptions that the Company used, and considered the relevance and reliability of such data, factors, and significant assumptions, including an evaluation of whether additional factors or alternative assumptions

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should be used. In addition, we involved credit risk professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:

evaluating

Evaluating the Company’s 20212022 collective ACL methodology for compliance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles

assessing

Assessing the conceptual soundness and performance testing of the DCF model by inspecting the model documentation to determine whether the models are suitable for their intended use

evaluating

Evaluating judgments made by the Company in the continued use and appropriateness of changes made to the PD, LGD, prepayment rates, loss recovery time delays, use of peer data, and the reversion period assumptions by comparing them to relevant Company-specific metrics and trends, and the applicable industry and regulatory practices

evaluating

Evaluating the selection of methodology used to develop the economic forecast scenarios, including the weighting of the scenarios, and underlying assumptions, by comparing it to the Company’s business environment and relevant industry practices

determining

Determining whether the loan portfolio is segmented by similar risk characteristics by comparing to the Company’s business environment and relevant industry practices

evaluating

Evaluating the methodology used to develop the qualitative factors and the effect of those factors on the 20212022 collective ACL compared with relevant credit risk factors and consistency with credit trends and identified limitations of the underlying DCF model.

We also assessed the sufficiency of the audit evidence obtained related to the 20212022 collective ACL estimate by evaluating the:

Cumulative results of the audit procedures

Qualitative aspects of the Company’s accounting practices

Potential bias in the accounting estimates.

Initial Fair Value measurement of Community Bancorporation, the parent company of Rock Canyon Bank (RCB), and Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated, the parent company of Bank of Jackson Hole (BOJH), core deposit intangible assets and loan portfolios

As discussed in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, on September 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Community Bancorporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Rock Canyon Bank (“CB”). The value of the transaction consideration was approximately $140.4 million. On October 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated and its wholly owned subsidiary, Bank of Jackson Hole. The value of the transaction consideration was approximately $213.4 million. Both transactions were accounted for as a business combination with the assets acquired and liabilities assumed being measured based on their estimated fair values. As a result of the RCB transaction, the Company acquired a loan portfolio, as well as recognized a core deposit intangible (CDI) asset, with acquisition-date fair values of $535 million and $13 million, respectively. As a result of the BOJH transaction, the Company acquired a loan portfolio, as well as recognized a CDI asset, with acquisition-date fair values of $1.2 billion and $29 million, respectively. The fair value of acquired loans was based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered the loans’ underlying characteristics including account type, remaining terms of a loan, annual interest rates or coupon, interest types, past delinquencies, timing of principal and interest payments, current market rates, loan to value ratios, loss exposure, and remaining balance. The fair value of the CDI assets were valued utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology based upon assumptions regarding retained balances, such as account retention rate and growth rates, interest expense, including maintenance costs, and alternative costs of funding.

We identified, for both acquisitions referenced, the fair value measurement of acquired loans and CDI assets, as a critical audit matter. These fair value measurements involved a high degree of measurement uncertainty and subjectivity, which required specialized skills and knowledge to evaluate. Specifically, the assessment of these fair value measurements encompassed the evaluation of the methodologies used to measure (1) the fair value of acquired loans, including the significant assumptions of market implied credit losses of probability of default and loss given default; and (2) the fair value of the CDI assets, including the significant assumptions of alternative costs of funds. In addition, auditor judgment was required to evaluate the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained.

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The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s fair value measurement of acquired loans and CDI assets, including controls over:

Development of the fair value methodologies

Identification and determination of the significant assumptions

Assessment of the overall fair value measurements

We evaluated the Company’s process to develop the fair value measurement of acquired loans and the CDI assets by testing certain sources of data and assumptions that the Company used and considered the relevance and reliability of such data and assumptions. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:

cumulative results of

Evaluating the audit proceduresoverall fair value methodology used by the Company to estimate the fair value for acquired loans and the CDI assets for compliance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles

qualitative aspects

Developing independent ranges of fair value for acquired loans, including the Company’s accounting practicesdevelopment of independent assumptions utilizing market data for implied credit loss assumptions

potential bias in

Assessing the accounting estimates.Company’s estimate of fair value for acquired loans by comparing it to the independently developed ranges

Developing independent ranges for the CDI alternative cost of funds assumption by utilizing market data specific for the related assumption; and

Assessing the Company’s estimate of fair value for the CDI assets by comparing the alternative cost of funds assumption to independently developed ranges, and evaluating other underlying assumptions, by comparing them to the Company’s business environment and relevant industry practices.

Graphic

We also assessed the sufficiency of the audit evidence obtained related to the fair value measurement of acquired loans and the CDI assets by evaluating the:

Cumulative results of the audit procedures

Qualitative aspects of the Company’s accounting practices and

Potential bias in the accounting estimates.

Graphic

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.

Kansas City, Missouri

February 23, 202228, 2023

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NATIONAL BANK HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

December 31, 20212022 and 20202021

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

ASSETS

Cash and due from banks

$

845,195

$

605,065

Interest bearing bank deposits

 

500

 

500

Cash and cash equivalents

845,695

605,565

Investment securities available-for-sale (at fair value)

 

691,847

 

661,955

Investment securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $599,260 and $381,691 at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)

 

609,012

 

376,615

Non-marketable securities

 

50,740

 

22,073

Loans

 

4,513,383

 

4,353,726

Allowance for credit losses

 

(49,694)

 

(59,777)

Loans, net

 

4,463,689

 

4,293,949

Loans held for sale

 

139,142

 

247,813

Other real estate owned

 

7,005

 

4,730

Premises and equipment, net

 

96,747

 

106,982

Goodwill

 

115,027

 

115,027

Intangible assets, net

 

12,322

 

17,928

Other assets

 

182,785

 

207,313

Total assets

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Liabilities:

Deposits:

Non-interest bearing demand deposits

$

2,506,265

$

2,111,045

Interest bearing demand deposits

 

555,401

 

514,286

Savings and money market

 

2,332,591

 

2,064,769

Time deposits

 

833,916

 

986,132

Total deposits

 

6,228,173

 

5,676,232

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

22,768

 

22,897

Long-term debt, net

39,478

Other liabilities

 

83,486

 

140,130

Total liabilities

 

6,373,905

 

5,839,259

Shareholders’ equity:

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share: 400,000,000 shares authorized; 51,487,907 and 51,487,907 shares issued; 29,958,764 and 30,634,291 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively

 

515

 

515

Additional paid-in capital

 

1,014,294

 

1,011,362

Retained earnings

 

289,876

 

223,175

Treasury stock of 21,384,676 and 20,686,986 shares at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, at cost

 

(457,616)

 

(424,127)

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

 

(6,963)

 

9,766

Total shareholders’ equity

 

840,106

 

820,691

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

7,214,011

$

6,659,950

    

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

ASSETS

Cash and due from banks

$

194,756

$

845,195

Interest bearing bank deposits

 

749

 

500

Cash and cash equivalents

 

195,505

 

845,695

Investment securities available-for-sale (at fair value)

 

706,289

 

691,847

Investment securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $559,924 and $599,260 at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)

 

651,527

 

609,012

Non-marketable securities

 

89,049

 

50,740

Loans

 

7,220,469

 

4,513,383

Allowance for credit losses

 

(89,553)

 

(49,694)

Loans, net

 

7,130,916

 

4,463,689

Loans held for sale

 

22,767

 

139,142

Other real estate owned

 

3,731

 

7,005

Premises and equipment, net

 

136,111

 

96,747

Goodwill

 

279,132

 

115,027

Intangible assets, net

 

59,887

 

12,322

Other assets

 

298,329

 

182,785

Total assets

$

9,573,243

$

7,214,011

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Liabilities:

Deposits:

Non-interest bearing demand deposits

$

3,134,716

$

2,506,265

Interest bearing demand deposits

 

913,852

 

555,401

Savings and money market

 

2,950,658

 

2,332,591

Time deposits

 

873,400

 

833,916

Total deposits

 

7,872,626

 

6,228,173

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

20,214

 

22,768

Long-term debt, net

53,890

39,478

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

385,000

 

Other liabilities

 

149,311

 

83,486

Total liabilities

 

8,481,041

 

6,373,905

Shareholders’ equity:

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share: 400,000,000 shares authorized; 51,487,907 and 51,487,907 shares issued; 37,608,519 and 29,958,764 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively

 

515

 

515

Additional paid-in capital

 

1,159,508

 

1,014,294

Retained earnings

 

330,721

 

289,876

Treasury stock of 13,714,251 and 21,384,676 shares at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, at cost

 

(310,338)

 

(457,616)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

(88,204)

 

(6,963)

Total shareholders’ equity

 

1,092,202

 

840,106

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

9,573,243

$

7,214,011

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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NATIONAL BANK HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2021

2020

2019

Interest and dividend income:

Interest and fees on loans

$

181,816

$

200,026

$

218,836

Interest and dividends on investment securities

 

17,325

 

16,505

 

21,297

Dividends on non-marketable securities

 

838

 

1,157

 

1,770

Interest on interest-bearing bank deposits

 

986

 

314

 

698

Total interest and dividend income

 

200,965

 

218,002

 

242,601

Interest expense:

Interest on deposits

 

13,602

 

23,629

 

29,803

Interest on borrowings

 

219

 

1,427

 

6,968

Total interest expense

 

13,821

 

25,056

 

36,771

Net interest income before provision for loan losses

 

187,144

 

192,946

 

205,830

Provision (release) expense for loan losses

 

(9,293)

 

17,630

 

11,643

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

 

196,437

 

175,316

 

194,187

Non-interest income:

Service charges

 

14,894

 

14,962

 

17,895

Bank card fees

 

17,693

 

15,446

 

14,595

Mortgage banking income

 

63,360

 

102,384

 

42,346

Bank-owned life insurance income

 

2,208

 

2,360

 

1,713

Other non-interest income

 

12,174

 

4,719

 

5,888

OREO-related income

 

35

 

387

 

315

Total non-interest income

 

110,364

 

140,258

 

82,752

Non-interest expense:

Salaries and benefits

 

127,504

 

141,170

 

122,732

Occupancy and equipment

 

25,283

 

27,473

 

27,336

Telecommunications and data processing

 

9,310

 

9,042

 

8,754

Marketing and business development

 

2,509

 

2,802

 

3,897

FDIC deposit insurance

 

1,850

 

1,168

 

1,049

Bank card expenses

 

5,177

 

4,388

 

4,780

Professional fees

 

5,423

 

2,946

 

3,256

Other non-interest expense

 

10,414

 

10,547

 

10,867

Problem asset workout

2,063

3,148

3,186

Gain on OREO sales, net

(475)

(38)

(7,193)

Core deposit intangible asset amortization

 

1,183

 

1,183

 

1,183

Banking center consolidation-related expense

 

1,589

 

2,348

 

898

Total non-interest expense

 

191,830

 

206,177

 

180,745

Income before income taxes

 

114,971

 

109,397

 

96,194

Income tax expense

 

21,365

 

20,806

 

15,829

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

Earnings per share—basic

$

3.04

$

2.87

$

2.57

Earnings per share—diluted

3.01

2.85

2.55

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

Basic

 

30,727,566

 

30,857,086

 

31,175,825

Diluted

 

31,068,159

 

31,075,857

 

31,530,817

2022

2021

2020

Interest and dividend income:

Interest and fees on loans

$

255,672

$

181,816

$

200,026

Interest and dividends on investment securities

 

24,200

 

17,325

 

16,505

Dividends on non-marketable securities

 

1,034

 

838

 

1,157

Interest on interest-bearing bank deposits

 

3,782

 

986

 

314

Total interest and dividend income

 

284,688

 

200,965

 

218,002

Interest expense:

Interest on deposits

 

14,596

 

13,602

 

23,629

Interest on borrowings

 

3,257

 

219

 

1,427

Total interest expense

 

17,853

 

13,821

 

25,056

Net interest income before provision for credit losses

 

266,835

 

187,144

 

192,946

Allowance for credit loss expense (release)

 

36,729

 

(9,293)

 

17,630

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

230,106

 

196,437

 

175,316

Non-interest income:

Service charges

 

16,357

 

14,894

 

14,962

Bank card fees

 

18,299

 

17,693

 

15,446

Mortgage banking income

 

23,774

 

63,360

 

102,384

Bank-owned life insurance income

 

2,272

 

2,208

 

2,360

Other non-interest income

 

6,603

 

12,174

 

4,719

OREO-related income

 

7

 

35

 

387

Total non-interest income

 

67,312

 

110,364

 

140,258

Non-interest expense:

Salaries and benefits

 

124,971

 

127,504

 

141,170

Occupancy and equipment

 

31,496

 

25,283

 

27,473

Data processing

 

12,657

 

9,310

 

9,042

Marketing and business development

 

3,821

 

2,509

 

2,802

FDIC deposit insurance

 

2,121

 

1,850

 

1,168

Bank card expenses

 

5,480

 

5,177

 

4,388

Professional fees

 

14,418

 

5,423

 

2,946

Other non-interest expense

 

14,332

 

10,414

 

10,547

Problem asset workout

248

2,063

3,148

Gain on OREO sales, net

(648)

(475)

(38)

Core deposit and wealth management intangible assets amortization

 

2,338

 

1,183

 

1,183

Banking center consolidation-related expense

 

 

1,589

 

2,348

Total non-interest expense

 

211,234

 

191,830

 

206,177

Income before income taxes

 

86,184

 

114,971

 

109,397

Income tax expense

 

14,910

 

21,365

 

20,806

Net income

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

Earnings per share—basic

$

2.20

$

3.04

$

2.87

Earnings per share—diluted

2.18

3.01

2.85

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

Basic

 

32,360,005

 

30,727,566

 

30,857,086

Diluted

 

32,680,932

 

31,068,159

 

31,075,857

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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NATIONAL BANK HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020

(In thousands)

2021

2020

2019

Net income

 

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Securities available-for-sale:

Net unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, net of tax benefit (expense) of $5,034, ($2,634), and ($4,510) for the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 

(16,186)

 

8,482

 

14,352

Less: amortization of net unrealized holding gains to income, net of tax benefit of $168, $248, and $320 for the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 

(543)

 

(778)

 

(1,015)

Other comprehensive (loss) income

 

(16,729)

 

7,704

 

13,337

Comprehensive income

$

76,877

$

96,295

$

93,702

2022

2021

2020

Net income

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Securities available-for-sale:

Net unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, net of tax benefit (expense) of $24,297, $5,034, and ($2,634) for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

(79,312)

 

(16,186)

 

8,482

Less: amortization of net unrealized holding losses to income, net of tax benefit of $95, $168, and $248 for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

(303)

 

(543)

 

(778)

Cash flow hedges:

Net unrealized losses arising during the period, net of tax benefit of $524, $0, and $0 for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

(1,721)

 

 

Less: reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income, net of tax benefit of $28, $0, and $0 for the years ended 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

95

Other comprehensive (loss) income

 

(81,241)

 

(16,729)

 

7,704

Comprehensive (loss) income

$

(9,967)

$

76,877

$

96,295

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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NATIONAL BANK HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

    

    

    

    

Accumulated

    

    

    

    

    

Accumulated

    

Additional

other

Additional

other

Common

paid-in

Retained

Treasury

comprehensive

Common

paid-in

Retained

Treasury

comprehensive

stock

capital

earnings

stock

income (loss), net

Total

stock

capital

earnings

stock

income (loss), net

Total

Balance, December 31, 2018

$

515

$

1,014,399

$

106,990

$

(415,623)

$

(11,275)

$

695,006

Balance, December 31, 2019

$

515

$

1,009,223

$

164,082

$

(408,962)

$

2,062

$

766,920

Cumulative effect adjustment(1)

256

256

(4,623)

(4,623)

Net income

 

80,365

80,365

Stock-based compensation

 

4,869

4,869

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans, including gain on reissuance of treasury stock of $6,010, net

 

(10,045)

6,661

(3,384)

Cash dividends declared ($0.75 per share)

(23,529)

(23,529)

Other comprehensive income

 

13,337

13,337

Balance, December 31, 2019

$

515

$

1,009,223

$

164,082

$

(408,962)

$

2,062

$

766,920

Cumulative effect adjustment(2)

$

$

$

(4,623)

$

$

$

(4,623)

Net income

 

 

 

88,591

 

 

 

88,591

 

88,591

88,591

Stock-based compensation

 

 

5,299

 

 

 

 

5,299

 

5,299

5,299

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans, including gain on reissuance of treasury stock of $1,588, net

 

 

(3,160)

 

 

4,311

 

 

1,151

 

(3,160)

4,311

1,151

Repurchase of 734,117 shares

(19,476)

(19,476)

(19,476)

(19,476)

Cash dividends declared ($0.80 per share)

 

 

 

(24,875)

 

 

(24,875)

(24,875)

(24,875)

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

7,704

 

7,704

 

7,704

7,704

Balance, December 31, 2020

$

515

$

1,011,362

$

223,175

$

(424,127)

$

9,766

$

820,691

$

515

$

1,011,362

$

223,175

$

(424,127)

$

9,766

$

820,691

Net income

$

$

$

93,606

$

$

$

93,606

93,606

93,606

Stock-based compensation

 

 

5,541

 

 

 

 

5,541

 

5,541

 

5,541

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans, including gain on reissuance of treasury stock of $4,661, net

 

 

(2,609)

 

 

2,911

 

 

302

 

(2,609)

2,911

 

302

Repurchase of 912,213 shares

 

 

 

(36,400)

 

 

(36,400)

(36,400)

(36,400)

Cash dividends declared ($0.87 per share)

 

 

 

(26,905)

 

 

(26,905)

 

(26,905)

(26,905)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

(16,729)

 

(16,729)

 

(16,729)

 

(16,729)

Balance, December 31, 2021

$

515

$

1,014,294

$

289,876

$

(457,616)

$

(6,963)

$

840,106

$

515

$

1,014,294

$

289,876

$

(457,616)

$

(6,963)

$

840,106

Net income

71,274

71,274

Stock-based compensation

 

6,059

 

6,059

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans, including gain on reissuance of treasury stock of $4,111, net

 

(2,812)

2,514

 

(298)

Reissuance of treasury stock of 3,096,745 for acquisition of Community Bancorporation

63,630

60,642

 

124,272

Reissuance of treasury stock of 4,391,964 for acquisition of Bancshares of Jackson Hole

78,337

84,122

162,459

Cash dividends declared ($0.94 per share)

 

(30,429)

(30,429)

Other comprehensive loss

 

(81,241)

 

(81,241)

Balance, December 31, 2022

$

515

$

1,159,508

$

330,721

$

(310,338)

$

(88,204)

$

1,092,202

(1)

Related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases. Refer to note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements of our consolidated financial statements for further details.

(2)

Related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Refer to note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements of our consolidated financial statements for further details.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020

(In thousands)

For the year ended December 31, 

 

2021

2020

2019

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Provision (release) expense for loan losses

 

(9,293)

 

17,630

 

11,643

Provision (release) expense for mortgage loan repurchases

(108)

662

(366)

Depreciation and amortization

 

13,585

 

14,449

 

15,038

Change in current income tax receivable

 

1,045

 

(2,371)

 

1,955

Change in deferred income taxes

 

(226)

 

3,477

 

8,793

Net excess tax (benefit) expense from stock-based compensation

(644)

51

(2,160)

Discount accretion, net of premium amortization on securities

 

4,335

 

3,374

 

2,047

Loan accretion

 

(6,582)

 

(11,694)

 

(15,590)

Gain on sale of mortgages, net

 

(56,946)

 

(98,250)

 

(39,922)

Origination of loans held for sale, net of repayments

 

(1,867,734)

 

(2,376,660)

 

(1,317,547)

Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale

 

2,041,158

 

2,348,166

 

1,289,877

Bank-owned life insurance income

(2,208)

(2,360)

(1,713)

Gain on the sale of other real estate owned, net

 

(475)

 

(38)

 

(7,193)

(Income) loss from non-marketable securities

(2,985)

406

298

Originations of mortgage serving rights

(7,882)

(10,354)

(27)

Proceeds from sales of mortgage servicing rights

11,375

Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights

(1,290)

(Recovery) impairment of mortgage servicing rights

(740)

751

129

Impairment on other real estate owned

 

799

 

470

 

1,082

Impairment on fixed assets related to banking center consolidations

 

1,553

 

1,631

 

898

Gain on sale of fixed assets

 

(3,768)

 

 

Gain from banking center divestiture

 

(778)

 

 

Stock-based compensation

 

5,541

 

5,299

 

4,869

Operating lease payments

(5,099)

(5,414)

(5,294)

Change in other assets

 

24,225

 

(18,073)

 

670

Change in other liabilities

 

(50,962)

 

34,045

 

16,391

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

 

179,502

 

(6,212)

 

44,243

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

Proceeds from non-marketable securities

2,006

13,709

14,737

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale

235,860

271,508

195,467

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities held-to-maturity

 

161,923

 

88,071

 

60,948

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale

20,378

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned

1,917

3,671

12,112

Purchase of non-marketable securities

(27,688)

(4,107)

(18,700)

Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale

(288,580)

(286,130)

(45,745)

Purchase of investment securities held-to-maturity

(397,758)

(284,170)

(10,201)

Sales (purchases) of premises and equipment, net

 

5,146

 

(4,352)

 

(11,204)

Net (increase) decrease in loans

 

(166,662)

 

49,209

 

(312,844)

Purchase of bank-owned life insurance

 

 

 

(20,000)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(473,836)

 

(152,591)

 

(115,052)

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

Net increase in deposits

 

552,719

 

939,100

 

201,511

Net decrease in repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings

(129)

(34,038)

(9,112)

Proceeds from long-term debt

40,000

Payment of long-term debt issuance costs

(535)

Advances from FHLB

947,431

1,477,447

FHLB repayments

(1,155,106)

(1,571,432)

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans

(2,267)

(749)

(6,229)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

2,489

1,832

2,788

Payment of dividends

(26,888)

(24,816)

(23,530)

Repurchase of common stock

 

(36,400)

 

(19,476)

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

528,989

 

654,178

 

71,443

Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(1)

 

234,655

 

495,375

 

634

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year(1)

 

615,565

 

120,190

 

119,556

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period(1)

$

850,220

$

615,565

$

120,190

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information during the period:

Cash paid for interest

$

16,638

$

27,622

$

34,458

Net tax payment

15,389

22,111

9,271

Supplemental schedule of non-cash activities:

Loans transferred to other real estate owned at fair value

4,516

1,533

2,705

(Decrease) increase in loans purchased but not settled

(16,351)

7,372

Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans

7,807

3,625

1,732

Lease right-of-use assets obtained

(30,474)

    

For the year ended December 31, 

2022

2021

2020

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Provision expense (release) for loan losses

 

36,729

 

(9,293)

 

17,630

Depreciation and amortization

 

16,448

 

13,585

 

14,449

Change in current income tax receivable

 

(3,880)

 

1,045

 

(2,371)

Change in deferred income taxes

 

(17,280)

 

(226)

 

3,477

Net excess tax (benefit) expense from stock-based compensation

(294)

(644)

51

Discount accretion, net of premium amortization on securities

 

1,111

 

4,335

 

3,374

Gain on sale of mortgages, net

 

(19,747)

 

(56,946)

 

(98,250)

Origination of loans held for sale, net of repayments

 

(810,061)

 

(1,867,734)

 

(2,376,660)

Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale

 

955,044

 

2,041,158

 

2,348,166

Originations of mortgage serving rights

(4,187)

(7,882)

(10,354)

Proceeds from sales of mortgage servicing rights

11,375

Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights

(1,290)

Impairment on other real estate owned

 

505

 

799

 

470

Impairment on fixed assets related to banking center consolidations

 

118

 

1,553

 

1,631

Gain on sale of fixed assets

 

(1,674)

 

(3,768)

 

Gain from banking center divestiture

 

 

(778)

 

Stock-based compensation

 

6,059

 

5,541

 

5,299

Acquisition-related costs

15,067

Operating lease payments

(5,036)

(5,099)

(5,414)

Change in other assets

 

(26,960)

 

11,235

 

(31,008)

Change in other liabilities

 

1,398

 

(51,070)

 

34,707

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

 

214,634

 

179,502

 

(6,212)

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

Proceeds from non-marketable securities

4,175

2,006

13,709

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale

141,892

235,860

271,508

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities held-to-maturity

 

133,363

 

161,923

 

88,071

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale

128,430

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned

3,564

1,917

3,671

Purchase of non-marketable securities

(37,271)

(27,688)

(4,107)

Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale

(259,846)

(288,580)

(286,130)

Purchase of investment securities held-to-maturity

(101,699)

(397,758)

(284,170)

(Purchases) sales of premises and equipment, net

 

(12,430)

 

5,146

 

(4,352)

Net (increase) decrease in loans

(987,511)

 

(166,662)

 

49,209

Proceeds from the sale of loans

 

933

 

 

Net cash activity from acquisitions

 

234,263

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(752,137)

 

(473,836)

 

(152,591)

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

Net (decrease) increase in deposits

 

(465,818)

 

552,719

 

939,100

Net decrease in repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings

(2,554)

(129)

(34,038)

Proceeds from long-term debt

40,000

Payment of long-term debt issuance costs

(535)

Advances from FHLB

570,500

947,431

FHLB repayments

(185,500)

(1,155,106)

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans

(1,481)

(2,267)

(749)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

1,102

2,489

1,832

Payment of dividends

(30,447)

(26,888)

(24,816)

Repurchase of common stock

 

 

(36,400)

 

(19,476)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

 

(114,198)

 

528,989

 

654,178

(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(1)

 

(651,701)

 

234,655

 

495,375

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year(1)

 

850,220

 

615,565

 

120,190

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period(1)

$

198,519

$

850,220

$

615,565

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information during the period:

Cash paid for interest

$

18,597

$

16,638

$

27,622

Net tax payments

11,302

15,389

22,111

Supplemental schedule of non-cash activities:

Loans transferred to other real estate owned at fair value

147

4,516

1,533

(Decrease) increase in loans purchased but not settled

(16,351)

Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans

5,288

7,807

3,625

Treasury stock reissued for acquisition - RCB

60,642

Treasury stock reissued for acquisition - BOJH

84,122

(1)

    

Included in restricted cash at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 is $4.5$3.0 million, $10.0$4.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively, placed in escrow for certain potential liabilities, for which the Company is indemnified, resulting from a previousthe Peoples acquisition. The restricted cash is included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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NATIONAL BANK HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020

Note 1 Basis of Presentation

National Bank Holdings Corporation is a bank holding company that was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 2009. The Company is headquartered in Greenwood Village, Colorado, and its primary operations are conducted through its wholly owned subsidiary,subsidiaries NBH Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole Trust. NBH Bank is a Colorado state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System, and Bank of Jackson Hole Trust is a Wyoming state-charted bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System. The Company provides a variety of banking products to both commercial and consumer clients through a network of 81over 95 banking centers as of December 31, 2021,2022, located primarily in Colorado, the greater Kansas City region, Texas, Utah, andWyoming, Texas, New Mexico and Idaho, as well as through online and mobile banking products and services.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary,subsidiaries, NBH Bank.Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole Trust. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and, where applicable, with general practices in the banking industry or guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory agencies. The consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications of prior years' amounts are made whenever necessary to conform to current period presentation. During 2021, the Company updated its asset classifications to include certain financial instruments within non-marketable securities that were previously reported in other assets in the statements of financial condition. The prior period presentations have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentations. Refer to note 5 for further discussion. All amounts are in thousands, except share data, and per share data, or as otherwise noted.

While general economic conditions have been improving, the COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to the communities we serve and has changed the way we live and work. We continue to remain committed to ensuring our associates, clients and communities are receiving the support they need through our banking centers and our digital banking platform. Our teams have been working diligently to support our clients who are experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 through participation in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program, including assistance with PPP loan forgiveness applications, and loan modifications, as needed. While access to vaccines in the United States has increased, the efficacy of those vaccines, the impact of emerging targeted vaccine mandates and new variants of the virus, and the length of time that the government-mandated measures must remain in place or potentially be reinstituted to address COVID-19 are unknown. The pandemic has had a negative impact to the U.S. labor market, consumer spending and business operations, and it is not clear how long new outbreaks of COVID-19 cases will have a continued impact.

GAAP requires management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. By their nature, estimates are based on judgment and available information. Management has made significant estimates in certain areas, such as the fair values of financial instruments, contingent liabilities and the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). Because of the inherent uncertainties associated with any estimation process and future changes in market and economic conditions, it is possible that actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a) Cash and cash equivalents—Cash and cash equivalents include cash, cash items, amounts due from other banks, amounts due from the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing bank deposits.

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b) Investment securities—Investment securities may be classified in three categories: trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification at the time of purchase and reevaluates the classification at each reporting period. Any sales of available-for-sale securities are for the purpose of executing the Company’s asset/liability management strategy, reducing borrowings, funding loan growth, providing liquidity, or eliminating a perceived credit risk in a specific security. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, and the available-for-sale securities are carried at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-sale are reported as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), a component of shareholders’ equity, net of income tax. Gains and losses realized upon sales of securities are calculated using the specific identification method. Premiums and discounts are amortized to interest income over the estimated lives of the securities. Prepayment experience is periodically evaluated and a determination made regarding the appropriate estimate of the future rates of prepayment. When a change in a bond’s estimated remaining life is necessary, a corresponding adjustment is made in the related premium amortization or discount accretion. Purchases and sales of securities, including any corresponding gains or losses, are recognized on a trade-date basis and a receivable or payable is recognized for pending transaction settlements.

Management evaluates all investments in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. If the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security, the security is written down to fair value and the entire loss is recorded in earnings. If either of the above criteria is not met, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value is the result of

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credit losses or other factors. In making the assessment, we may consider various factors including the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, performance on any underlying collateral, downgrades in the ratings of the security by a rating agency, the failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security and any excess is recorded as an allowance for credit loss. When the loss is not considered a result of credit loss, the cost basis of the security is written down to fair value, with the loss charge recognized in AOCI. The Company does not measure expected credit losses for U.S. agency-backed held-to-maturity securities, since the risk of nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Credit losses are not estimated for AIR from investment securities as interest deemed uncollectible is written off through interest income.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, declines in the fair value of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities below their cost that were deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired were reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary-impairment prior to January 1, 2020, the Company considered, among other things, the severity and duration of the unrealized loss position; adverse conditions specifically related to the security; changes in expected future cash flows; downgrades in the rating of the security by a rating agency; the failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments; whether the Company had the intent to sell the security; and whether it was more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security.

c) Non-marketable securities— Non-marketable securities include FRB stock, FHLB stock and other non-marketable securities. FRB and FHLB securities have been acquired for debt facility or regulatory purposes and are carried at cost. Other non-marketable securities consist ofinclude equity method investments in which the Company’s proportionate share of income or loss is recognized one quarter in arrears in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. Equity method investments are periodically evaluated for impairment. If impairment is deemed other than temporary, the Company will reduce the carrying value of the investment to the extent it is not recoverable. Other non-marketable securities also include an investmentdirect investments in convertible preferred stock. As the convertible preferred stock does not have a readily determinable fair value, it is carried at cost and evaluated periodically for impairment. Impairments of convertible preferred stock will be reflected in earnings in the period in which the cost basis of the investment exceeds fair value.

d) Loans receivableLoans receivable include loans originated by the Company and loans that are acquired through acquisitions. Loans originated by the Company are carried at the principal amount outstanding, net of premiums, discounts, unearned income and deferred loan fees and costs. Loan fees and certain costs of originating loans are deferred and the net amount is amortized over the contractual life of the related loans. Acquired loans are initially recorded at fair value. Non-refundable loan origination and commitment fees, net of direct costs of originating or acquiring loans, and fair value adjustments for acquired loans, are deferred and recognized over the remaining lives of the related loans in accordance with ASC 310-20.

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Estimated fair values of acquired loans are based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considers various factors including the type of loan and related collateral, the expected timing of cash flows, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan is amortizing, and a discount rate reflecting the Company’s assessment of risk inherent in the cash flow estimates. Discounts created when the loans are recorded at their estimated fair values at acquisition are accreted over the remaining term of the loan as an adjustment to the related loan’s yield. Similar to originated loans described below, the accrual of interest income on acquired loans is discontinued when the collection of principal or interest, in whole or in part, is doubtful.

Acquired loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are PCD loans. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by our allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the level yield method. The net premium or discount on non-PCD loans, that includes credit quality and interest rate considerations, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the level yield method. The Company then records the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense.

Interest income on acquired loans and interest income on loans originated by the Company is accrued and credited to income as it is earned using the interest method based on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding. However, interest is generally not accrued on loans 90 days or more past due, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. Additionally, in certain situations, loans that are not contractually past due may be placed on non-accrual status due to the continued failure to adhere to contractual payment terms by the borrower coupled with other pertinent factors, such as insufficient collateral value or deficient primary and secondary sources of repayment. Accrued interest receivable is reversed when a loan is placed on non-accrual status and payments received generally reduce the carrying value of the loan. Interest is not accrued while a loan is on non-accrual status and interest income is generally recognized on a cash basis only after payment in full of the past due principal and collection of principal outstanding is reasonably assured. A loan may be placed

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back on accrual status if all contractual payments have been received, or sooner under certain conditions and collection of future principal and interest payments is no longer doubtful.

In the event of borrower default, the Company may seek recovery in compliance with state lending laws, the respective loan agreements, and credit monitoring and remediation procedures that may include modifying or restructuring a loan from its original terms, for economic or legal reasons, to provide a concession to the borrower from their original terms due to borrower financial difficulties in order to facilitate repayment. Such restructured loans are considered “troubled debt restructurings” and are identified in accordance with ASC 310-40.

The CARES Act afforded financial institutions the option to modify loans within certain parameters in response to the COVID-19 pandemic without requiring the modifications to be classified as TDRs if the borrower has been adversely impacted by COVID-19 and was current on their loan payments. The Company has modified loans due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that were not classified as TDRs. Modifications include deferral of principal as well as full-payment deferral for a period ranging from three months to one year.

e) Loans held for saleThe Company has elected to record loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market at estimated fair value. The Company estimates fair value based on quoted market prices for similar loans in the secondary market. Gains or losses are recognized upon sale and are included as a component of mortgage banking income in the consolidated statements of operations. Loans held for sale have primarily been fixed rate single-family residential mortgage loans under contract to be sold in the secondary market. In most cases, loans in this category are sold within 45 days. Currently, conventional loans in states where the bank hasbanks have market presence may be sold with servicing retained or with servicing released. Government loans and conventional loans in states where the bank doesbanks do not have a market presence are generally sold with servicing released. Under limited circumstances, buyers may have recourse to return a purchased loan to the Company. Recourse conditions may include early payoff, early payment default, breach of representations or warranties, or documentation deficiencies in the underwriting process.

The Company enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (i.e. interest rate lock commitments). Such interest rate lock commitments on mortgage loans to be sold in the secondary market are considered to be derivatives. To protect against the price risk inherent in residential mortgage loan commitments, the Company utilizes both "best efforts" and "mandatory delivery" forward loan sale commitments to mitigate the risk of potential increases or decreases in the values of loans that would result from the change in market rates for such loans. The Company manages the interest rate risk on interest rate lock commitments by entering into forward sale contracts of mortgage backed securities. Such contracts are accounted for as derivatives and are recorded at fair value as derivative assets or liabilities. They are carried in the consolidated statements of financial condition within other assets or other liabilities, and changes in fair value are recorded net as a component of mortgage banking income in the consolidated statements of operations. The gross gains on loan sales are recognized based on new loan commitments with adjustment for price and pair-off activity. Commission expenses on loans held for sale are recognized based on loans closed.

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f) Allowance for credit lossesThe Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, effective January 1, 2020.

The ACL represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in loans as of the balance sheet date. The Company measures expected credit losses for loans on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified 4four primary loan segments that are further stratified into 11 loan classes to provide more granularity in analyzing loss history based upon specific loss drivers and risk factors affecting each loan class. Generally, the underlying risk of loss for each of these loan classes will follow certain norms/trends in various economic environments. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. Those loans include loans on non-accrual status, loans in bankruptcy, and TDRs described below. If a specific allowance is warranted based on the borrower’s overall financial condition, the specific allowance is calculated based on discounted expected cash flows using the loan’s initial contractual effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs for collateral-dependent loans.

The Company utilizes a DCF model developed within a third-party software tool to establish expected lifetime credit losses for the loan portfolio. The ACL is calculated as the difference between the amortized cost basis and the projections from the DCF analysis. The DCF model allows for individual life of loan cash flow modeling, excluding extensions and renewals, using loan-specific interest rates and repayment schedules adjusted for estimated prepayment rates and loss recovery timing delays. The model incorporates forecasts of certain national macroeconomic factors, including unemployment rates, HPI, retail sales and GDP, which drive correlated probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) rates. PD and LGD, in turn, drive the losses predicted in establishing our ACL. PD and LGD rates along with prepayment rates and loss recovery time delays are determined at a loan class level making use of both internal and peer historical loss rate data. The determination and application of the ACL accounting policy involves judgments, estimates, and uncertainties that are subject to change. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, we revert to historical long-term average loss rates on a straight-line basis. The length of the forecast period spans four quarters. The length of the reversion period is based

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on management’s assessment of the length and pattern of the current economic cycle and typically ranges from four to eight quarters.

Management accounts for the inherent uncertainty of the underlying economic forecast by reviewing and weighting alternate forecast scenarios. Additionally, the ACL calculation includes subjective adjustments for qualitative risk factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience. These qualitative adjustments may increase or reduce reserve levels and include adjustments for lending management experience and risk tolerance, loan review and audit results, asset quality and portfolio trends, loan portfolio growth and industry concentrations. The Company has elected to exclude AIR from the allowance for credit losses calculation. When a loan is placed on non-accrual, any recorded AIR is reversed against interest income.

The determination and application of the ACL accounting policy involves judgments, estimates, and uncertainties that are subject to change. Changes in these assumptions, estimates or the conditions surrounding them may have a material impact on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. Various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the ACL. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the ACL or reserve increases to adversely graded classified loans based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

The ACL is decreased by net charge-offs and is increased by provisions for loan losses that are charged to the statements of operations. Charge-offs, if any, are typically measured for each loan based on a thorough analysis of the most probable source of repayment, such as the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, the loan’s estimated fair value, or the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less costs of disposition for collateral-dependent loans. When it is determined that specific loans, or portions thereof, are uncollectible, these amounts are charged off against the ACL.

The Company uses an internal risk rating system to indicate credit quality in the loan portfolio. The risk rating system is applied to all loans and uses a series of grades, which reflect management’s assessment of the risk attributable to loans based on an analysis of the borrower’s financial condition and ability to meet contractual debt service requirements. Loans that management perceives to have acceptable risk are categorized as “Pass” loans. The “Special Mention” loans represent loans

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that have potential credit weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Special mention loans include borrowers that have potential weaknesses or unwarranted risks that, unless corrected, may threaten the borrower’s ability to meet debt requirements. However, these borrowers are still believed to have the ability to respond to and resolve the financial issues that threaten their financial situation. Loans classified as “Substandard” are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Doubtful” loans are loans that management believes the collection of payments in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement is highly questionable and improbable. Credit quality indicators are reviewed and updated in accordance with internal policy based on loan balance and risk rating. Interest accrual is discontinued on doubtful loans and certain substandard loans.

Unfunded loan commitments

In addition to the ACL for funded loans, the Company maintains reserves to cover the risk of loss associated with off-balance sheet unfunded loan commitments. The allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses is maintained within the other liabilities in the statements of financial condition. Under the CECL framework, adjustments to this liability are recorded as provision for credit losses in the statements of operations. Unfunded loan commitment balances are evaluated by loan class and further segregated by revolving and non-revolving commitments. In order to establish the required level of reserve, the Company applies average historical utilization rates and ACL loan model loss rates for each loan class to the outstanding unfunded commitment balances.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company’s determination of the allowance took into consideration, among other matters, the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical net loan losses, the estimated loss emergence period, estimated default rates, any declines in cash flow assumptions from acquisitions, loan structures, growth factors and other elements that warrant recognition.

Under the prior incurred loss methodology, the Company routinely evaluated adversely risk-rated credits for impairment. Impairment, if any, was typically measured for each loan based on a thorough analysis of the most probable source of repayment, including the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, the loan’s estimated fair value, or the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less costs of disposition for collateral dependent loans. General allowances were established for loans with similar characteristics. In this process, general allowance factors were based on an analysis of historical loss and recovery experience, if any, related to originated and acquired loans, as well as certain industry experience, with adjustments made for qualitative or environmental factors that were likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience. To the extent that the data supporting such factors had limitations, management’s judgment and experience played a key role in determining the allowance estimates.

g) Premises and equipment—With the exception of premises and equipment acquired through business combinations, which are initially measured and recorded at fair value, purchased land, buildings and equipment are carried at cost, including capitalized interest when appropriate, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The Company generally assigns depreciable lives of 39 years for buildings, 7 to 15 years for building improvements, and 3 to 7 years for equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or remaining lease terms. Maintenance and repairs are charged to non-interest expense as

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incurred. The Company reviews premises and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposal is less than its carrying amount. Property and equipment that meet the held-for-sale criteria is recorded at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell and depreciation is ceased.

h) Goodwill and intangible assets—Goodwill is established and recorded if the consideration given during an acquisition transaction exceeds the fair value of the net assets received. Goodwill has an indefinite useful life and is not amortized, but is evaluated annually for potential impairment, or when events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Such events or circumstances may include deterioration in general economic conditions, deterioration in industry or market conditions, an increased competitive environment, a decline in market-dependent multiples or metrics, declining financial performance, entity-specific events or circumstances or a sustained decrease in share price (either in absolute terms or relative to peers). If the Company determines, based upon the

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qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying amount no additional procedures are performed; however, if the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount the Company will compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount. Any excess of the carrying amount over fair value would indicate a potential impairment and the Company would proceed to perform an additional test to determine whether goodwill has been impaired and calculate the amount of that impairment.

Intangible assets that have finite useful lives, such as core deposit intangibles, are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company’s core deposit intangible assets represent the value of the anticipated future cost savings that will result from the acquired core deposit relationships versus an alternative source of funding. Judgment may be used in assessing goodwill and intangible assets for impairment. Estimates of fair value are based on projections of revenues, operating costs and cash flows of the reporting unit considering historical and anticipated future results, general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business or operational strategies. The valuations use a combination of present value techniques to measure fair value considering market factors. Additionally, judgment is used in determining the useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets. Adverse changes in the economic environment, operations of the reporting unit, or changes in judgments and projections could result in a significantly different estimate of the fair value of the reporting unit and could result in an impairment of goodwill and/or intangible assets.

MSRs associated with loans originated and sold, where servicing is retained, are initially capitalized at fair value and included in intangible assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. For subsequent measurement purposes, the Company measures servicing assets based on the lower of cost or market using the amortization method. The values of these capitalized servicing rights are amortized as an offset to the loan servicing income earned in relation to the servicing revenue expected to be earned. The carrying values of these rights are reviewed quarterly for impairment based on the fair value of those assets. For purposes of impairment evaluation and measurement, management stratifies MSRs based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans, including loan type and loan term. If, by individual stratum, the carrying amount of these MSRs exceeds fair value, a valuation allowance is established and the impairment is recognized in mortgage banking income. If the fair value of impaired MSRs subsequently increases, management recognizes the increase in fair value in current period mortgage banking income and, through a reduction in the valuation allowance, adjusts the carrying value of the MSRs to a level not in excess of amortized cost.

Small Business Administration servicing assets are related to loans sold where servicing is retained in exchange for a fee. SBA servicing assets are valued utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology based upon assumptions regarding retained balances, such as account retention rate and growth rates, interest expense including maintenance costs, alternative costs of funding, pre-payment speeds and defaults discounted at a market-based discount rate. The valuation methodology was applied to each loan individually based upon its specific characteristics. The SBA servicing rights asset will be amortized over the life of the underlying portfolio.

i) Reserve for Mortgage Loan Repurchase Losses–The Company sells mortgage loans to various third parties, including government-sponsored entities, under contractual provisions that include various representations and warranties that typically cover ownership of the loan, compliance with loan criteria set forth in the applicable agreement, validity of the lien securing the loan, absence of delinquent taxes or liens against the property securing the loan, and similar matters. The Company may

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be required to repurchase the mortgage loans with identified defects, indemnify the investor or insurer, or reimburse the investor for credit loss incurred on the loan (collectively “repurchase”) in the event of a material breach of such contractual representations or warranties. Risk associated with potential repurchases or other forms of settlement is managed through underwriting and quality assurance practices.

The Company establishes mortgage repurchase reserves related to various representations and warranties that reflect management’s estimate of losses based on a combination of factors. Such factors incorporate actual and historic loss history, delinquency trends or other deficiencies found in the portfolio and economic conditions. The Company establishes a reserve at the time loans are sold and updates the reserve estimate quarterly during the estimated loan life. The repurchase reserve is included in other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

j) Other real estate owned—OREO consists of property that has been foreclosed on or repossessed by deed in lieu of foreclosure. The assets are initially recorded at the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, with any initial valuation adjustments charged to the ACL. Subsequent downward valuation adjustments, if any, in addition to gains and losses realized on sales and net operating expenses, are recorded in non-interest expense. Costs associated with maintaining property, such as utilities and maintenance, are charged to expense in the period in which they occur, while costs relating to the development and improvement of property are capitalized to the extent the balance does not exceed fair value. All OREO acquired through acquisition is recorded at fair value, less cost to sell, at the date of acquisition.

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k) Bank-owned life insurance—The Company is the owner and beneficiary of bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI”) policies that it purchased on certain associates of the Company.Company or acquired through our acquisitions. The BOLI ispolicies are carried at net realizable value with changes in net realizable value recorded in non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

l) Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase—The Company periodically enters into purchases or sales of securities under agreements to resell or repurchase as of a specified future date. The securities purchased under agreements to resell are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are reflected as an asset in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The securities pledged by the counterparties are held by a third party custodian and valued daily. The Company may require additional collateral to ensure full collateralization for these transactions. The repurchase agreements are considered financing agreements and the obligation to repurchase assets sold is reflected as a liability in the consolidated statements of financial condition of the Company. The repurchase agreements are collateralized by debt securities that are under the control of the Company.

m) Stock-based compensation—The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The Company grants stock-based awards including stock options, restricted stock and performance stock units. Stock option grants are for a fixed number of common shares and are issued at exercise prices which are not less than the fair value of a share of stock at the date of grant. The options vest over a time period stated in each option agreement and may be subject to other performance vesting conditions, which require the related compensation expense to be recorded ratably over the requisite service period starting when such conditions become probable. Restricted stock is granted for a fixed number of shares, the transferability of which is restricted until such shares become vested according to the terms in the award agreement. Restricted shares may have multiple vesting qualifications, which can include time vesting of a set portion of the restricted shares and performance criterion, such as market criteria that are tied to specified market conditions of the Company’s common stock price and performance targets tied to the Company’s earnings per share.

The fair value of stock options is measured using a Black-Scholes model. The fair value of time-based restricted stock awards and performance stock units with performance based vesting criteria is based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of performance stock units with market-based vesting criteria is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Compensation expense for the portion of the awards that contain performance and service vesting conditions is recognized over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. Compensation expense for the portion of the awards that contain a market vesting condition is recognized over the derived service period based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. The amortization of stock-based compensation reflects any estimated forfeitures, and the expense realized in subsequent periods may be adjusted to reflect the actual forfeitures realized. The outstanding stock options primarily carry a maximum contractual term of ten years. To the extent that any

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award is forfeited, surrendered, terminated, expires, or lapses without being vested or exercised, the shares of stock subject to such award not delivered are again made available for awards under the Plan.

Excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of income tax expense or benefit and are classified as an operating activity within the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. The tax effects of exercised, expired or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur and may result in increased volatility in our effective tax rate. Cash paid by the Company when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

n) Income taxes—The Company and its subsidiaries file U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns on a consolidated basis. Additionally, the Company and its subsidiaries file separate state income tax returns with various state jurisdictions. The provision for income taxes includes the income tax balances of the Company and all of its subsidiaries.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax rates in the period of change. The Company establishes a valuation allowance when management believes, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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The Company recognizes and measures income tax benefits based upon a two-step model: 1) a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be recognized; and 2) the benefit is measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon settlement. The difference between the benefit recognized for a position in this model and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is treated as an unrecognized tax benefit. The Company recognizes income tax related interest and penalties in other non-interest expense.

o) Earnings per share—The Company applies the two-class method of computing earnings per share as certain of the Company's restricted shares are entitled to non-forfeitable dividends and are therefore considered to be a class of participating securities. The two-class method allocates income according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed income. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted income per common share is computed by dividing income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period, plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of stock options outstanding, certain unvested restricted shares, or other contracts to issue common shares (“common stock equivalents”) using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share in periods in which they have an anti-dilutive effect.

p) Interest Rate Swap Derivatives—The Company carries all derivatives in the statement of financial condition at fair value. All derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities depending on the rights or obligations under the contracts. All gains and losses on the fair value hedge derivatives due to changes in fair value are recognized in earnings each period. For derivatives that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

The Company offers interest rate swap products to certain of its clients to manage potential changes in interest rates. Each contract between the Company and a client is offset with a contract between the Company and an institutional counterparty, thus minimizing the Company's exposure to rate changes. The Company's portfolio consists of a “matched book,” and as such, changes in fair value of the swap pairs will largely offset in earnings. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, if certain conditions are met, a derivative may be designated as (1) a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or of an unrecognized firm commitment, that are attributable to a particular risk (referred to as a fair value hedge) or (2) a hedge of the exposure to variability in the cash flows of a recognized asset or liability, or of a forecasted transaction, that is attributable to a particular risk (referred to as a cash flow hedge). The Company documents all hedging relationships at the inception of each hedging relationship and uses industry accepted methodologies and ranges to determine the effectiveness of each hedge. The fair value of the hedged item is calculated using the estimated

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future cash flows of the hedged item and applying discount rates equal to the market interest rate for the hedged item at the inception of the hedging relationship (inception benchmark interest rate plus an inception credit spread), adjusted for changes in the designated benchmark interest rate thereafter.

q) Treasury stock —When the Company acquires treasury stock, the sum of the consideration paid and direct transaction costs after tax is recognized as a deduction from equity. The cost basis for the reissuance of treasury stock is determined using a first-in, first-out basis. To the extent that the reissuance price is more than the cost basis (gain), the excess is recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of financial condition. If the reissuance price is less than the cost basis (loss), the difference is recorded to additional paid-in capital to the extent there is a cumulative treasury stock paid-in capital balance. Any loss in excess of the cumulative treasury stock paid-in capital balance is charged to retained earnings.

r) Acquisition activities—The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured and recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets. If the fair value of net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of consideration paid, a bargain purchase gain is recognized at the date of acquisition. Conversely, if the consideration paid exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired, goodwill is recognized at the acquisition date. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to a maximum of one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available. Adjustments recorded to the acquired assets and liabilities assumed are applied prospectively in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805. The determination of the fair value of loans acquired takes into account credit quality deterioration and probability of loss; therefore, the related ACL is not carried forward at the time of acquisition.

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Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately if they arise from contractual or other legal rights or if they are separable (i.e., capable of being sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged separately from the entity). Deposit liabilities and the relatedThe depositor relationship intangiblerelated to deposit liabilities, as well as the client relationship related to assets under management, known as the core deposit and wealth management intangible assets, respectively, may be exchanged in observable exchange transactions. As a result, the core deposit and wealth management intangible asset isassets are considered identifiable, because the separability criterion has been met.

Note 3 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

LeasesIn February 2016,March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02,2020-04, LeasesReference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. TheASU 2020-04 was effective upon issuance and can be adopted during any interim period. ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 deferred the sunset date to December 31, 2024. Topic 848 provides optional expedients and guidance in ASU 2016-02 supersedesfor applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, if certain criteria are met, that reference LIBOR or any other reference rate that is expected to be discontinued. To address reference rate reform, the lease recognition requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases. The new standardCompany established a right-of-use (“ROU”) modelLIBOR transition subcommittee in January of 2020 to identify exposure to reference rates within loan and derivative contracts. The Company had no exposure to LIBOR tenors that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and lease liabilitywere discontinued as of January 1, 2022. For tenors expiring on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statements. ASU 2016-02 became effective forfuture dates the Company onis working to ensure all documentation includes contingency terms, if necessary, that may be utilized at such time when the LIBOR is discontinued. Beginning January 1, 2019 and initially required transition2022, the Company no longer originated loans using a modified retrospective approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 which, among other things, provided an additional transition method that allows entities to not apply the guidance in ASU 2016-02 in the comparative periods presented in the financial statements and instead recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We elected to apply certain practical expedients provided under ASU 2016-02 whereby we will not reassess (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases. We also did not apply the recognition requirements of ASU 2016-02 to any short-term leases (as defined by related accounting guidance). The updates did not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors and did not significantly impact our financial statements in relation to contracts whereby we actLIBOR as a lessor. We appliedreference rate. The Company has assessed, and will continue to evaluate, the modified-retrospective transition approach prescribed byimpact from ASU 2018-11. Upon2020-04 and does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-112020-04, or any updates issued to date, to have a material impact on January 1, 2019, we recognized right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities totaling $30.5 million with a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings of $0.3 million, after tax.its financial statements.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses—In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This update replaces the current incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses with a CECL model, which requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This amendment broadens the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimates. Additionally, the update amends the accounting for credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination. This update requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of a company’s loan portfolio. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASU 2016-13 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.

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2016-13. Upon adoption, the Company recognized a $5.8 million increase in the allowance for credit losses with a corresponding reduction to retained earnings, net of tax, of $4.6 million. Since the investment securities portfolio was comprised of mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities as of January 1, 2020, 0no credit loss allowance was required upon adoption.

Other Pronouncements— The Company adopted ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment and ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement with no material impact on its financial statements.

Note 4 Investment SecuritiesAcquisition Activities

During 2022, the Company completed the acquisitions of Community Bancorportion, the bank holding company for Rock Canyon Bank, and Bancshares of Jackson Hole, the bank holding company for Bank of Jackson Hole. The Company determined that the acquisitions constitute business combinations as defined in ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, as of the date of the acquisitions, the Company recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value. The Company determined fair values in accordance with the guidance provided in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. In many cases, the determination of these fair values required management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and subject to change. Actual results could differ materially. The Company has made the determination of fair values using the best information available at the time; however, purchase accounting is not complete and the assumptions used are subject to change and, if changed, could have a material effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

Rock Canyon Bank

On September 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Community Bancorporation, the bank holding company of Utah-based Rock Canyon Bank. Immediately following the completion of the acquisition, RCB merged into NBH Bank. Pursuant to the merger agreement executed in April 2022, the Company paid $16.1 million of cash consideration and issued 3,096,745 shares of the Company’s investment securities portfolio is comprisedClass A common stock in exchange for all of available-for-salethe outstanding common stock of Community Bancorporation. The transaction was valued at $140.4 million in the aggregate, based on the Company’s closing price of $40.13 on August 31, 2022. The acquisition added seven banking centers to the Company’s footprint within the Provo and held-to-maturity investment securities. These investment securitiesGreater Salt Lake City regions.

RCB acquisition-related costs totaled $1.3 billion at$12.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and2022, including a Day 1 CECL provision expense of $5.4 million. The results of RCB are included $0.7 billionin the results of available-for-sale securities and $0.6 billion of held-to-maturity securities. At December 31, 2020, investment securities totaled $1.0 billion and included $0.6 billion of available-for-sale securities and $0.4 billion of held-to-maturity securities.the Company subsequent to the acquisition date.

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The table below summarizes preliminary net assets acquired (at fair value) and consideration transferred in connection with the RCB acquisition:

Available-for-sale

September 1, 2022

Assets:

Cash and due from banks

$

260,883

Investment securities available-for-sale

402

Non-marketable securities

977

Loans, net

535,197

Loans held for sale

3,069

Premises and equipment

3,413

Core deposit and other intangibles

16,463

Other assets

11,749

Total assets acquired

832,153

Liabilities:

Total deposits

734,480

Other liabilities

10,115

Total liabilities assumed

744,595

Identifiable net assets acquired

$

87,558

Consideration:

NBHC common stock paid, closing price of $40.13 on August 31, 2022

$

124,272

Cash

16,141

Total

140,413

Goodwill

$

52,855

In connection with the RCB acquisition, the Company recorded $52.9 million of goodwill. The amount of goodwill recorded reflects the expanded market presence, synergies and operational efficiencies that are expected to result from the acquisition. The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented above:

Cash and due from banks—The carrying amount of these assets was deemed a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.

Loans, netThe fair value of loans were based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered the loans’ underlying characteristics including account type, remaining terms of loan, annual interest rates or coupon, interest types, past delinquencies, timing of principal and interest payments, current market rates, loan to value ratios, loss exposure and remaining balance. The discount rates applied were based upon a build-up approach considering the alternative cost of funds, capital charges, servicing costs, and a liquidity premium. Loans were aggregated according to similar characteristics when applying the valuation method.

Available-for-sale securities are summarized as follows asCore deposit and other intangibles—The Company recorded a core deposit intangible asset of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2021

    

Amortized

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

cost

unrealized gains

unrealized losses

Fair value

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

231,523

$

1,436

$

(5,263)

$

227,696

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

467,490

 

1,889

 

(8,045)

 

461,334

Municipal securities

230

7

237

Corporate debt

2,000

111

2,111

Other securities

 

469

 

 

 

469

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

701,712

$

3,443

$

(13,308)

$

691,847

December 31, 2020

    

Amortized

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

cost

unrealized gains

unrealized losses

Fair value

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

193,424

$

2,952

$

(42)

$

196,334

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

454,345

 

8,778

 

(344)

 

462,779

Municipal securities

362

13

375

Corporate debt

2,000

(2)

1,998

Other securities

 

469

 

 

 

469

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

650,600

$

11,743

$

(388)

$

661,955

During 2021 and 2020, purchases of available-for-sale securities totaled $288.6$13.3 million and $286.1 million, respectively. Maturitiesan SBA servicing rights asset of $3.1 million. The core deposit intangible was valued utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology based upon assumptions regarding retained balances, such as account retention rate and paydownsgrowth rates, interest expense including maintenance costs, and alternative costs of available-for-sale securities during 2021funding. The discount rate applied is consistent to that applied to loans above. The SBA servicing asset was valued using a discounted cash flow methodology that included assumptions for pre-payment speeds and 2020 totaled $235.9 million and $271.5 million, respectively. There were 0 sales of available-for-sale securities during 2021 or 2020.defaults discounted at a market-based discount rate. The valuation methodology was applied to each loan individually based upon its specific characteristics.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio was primarily comprised of mortgage-backed securities, and all mortgage-backed securities were backed by GSE collateral such as FHLMC and FNMAThe core deposit intangible will be amortized straight-line over ten years, and the government owned agency GNMA.

SBA servicing rights asset will be amortized over the life of the underlying portfolio.

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Deposits—By definition, the fair value of demand and saving deposits equals the amount payable. For time deposits acquired, the Company utilized an income approach, discounting the contractual cash flows on the instruments over their remaining contractual lives at prevailing market rates.

The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities noted in the table may change during the provisional period, which may last up to twelve months subsequent to the acquisition date. The Company may obtain additional information to refine the valuation of the acquired assets and liabilities and adjust the recorded fair value.

Accounting for acquired loans

A Day 1 CECL allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans was recorded through provision for credit loss expense within the consolidated statements of operations. At the date of acquisition, of the $537.7 million of loans acquired from RCB, $11.1 million, or 2.1% of RCB’s loan portfolio, were accounted for as PCD loans. The gross contractual amounts receivable of PCD loans, inclusive of all principal and interest, was $13.8 million, including $2.1 million of loans previously charged off by RCB. The Company’s best estimate of the contractual principal and interest cash flows for PCD loans not expected to be collected was $4.5 million, including $2.1 million of loans previously charged off by RCB.

The following table provides a summary of PCD loans purchased as part of the RCB acquisition as of the acquisition date:

Commercial

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

Residential real estate

Consumer

Total

Unpaid principal balance

$

12,079

$

220

$

843

$

3

$

13,145

PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition

(2,257)

(2)

(215)

(2,474)

(Discount) premium on acquired loans

(787)

19

(5)

(773)

Loans previously charged-off by RCB

(2,051)

(3)

(2,054)

Purchase price of PCD loans

$

6,984

$

237

$

623

$

$

7,844

The Company has determined that it is impractical to report the amounts of revenue and earnings of legacy RCB since the acquisition date due to the integration of certain processes occurring shortly after the acquisition date. Such amounts would require significant estimates that cannot be objectively made.

Bank of Jackson Hole

On October 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Bancshares of Jackson Hole, the bank holding company of Wyoming-based Bank of Jackson Hole. Pursuant to the merger agreement executed in March 2022, the Company paid $51.0 million of cash consideration and issued 4,391,964 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding common stock of Bancshares of Jackson Hole. The transaction was valued at $213.4 million in the aggregate, based on the Company’s closing price of $36.99 on September 30, 2022. The acquisition added 12 banking centers with operations in Wyoming and Idaho. Immediately following the closing of the acquisition, BOJH sold substantially of all its assets and liabilities to NBH Bank, with the exception of assets and liabilities related to its trust business. Effective October 1, 2022, BOJH was renamed as Bank of Jackson Hole Trust.

BOJH acquisition-related costs totaled $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, including a Day 1 CECL provision expense of $16.3 million. The results of BOJH are included in the results of the Company subsequent to the acquisition date.

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The table below summarizes preliminary net assets acquired (at fair value) and consideration transferred in connection with the BOJH acquisition:

October 1, 2022

Assets:

Cash and due from banks

$

40,509

Investment securities

203,728

Non-marketable securities

3,104

Loans, net

1,185,699

Loans held for sale

504

Premises and equipment

30,318

Core deposit and other intangibles

30,696

Other assets

31,970

Total assets acquired

1,526,528

Liabilities:

Total deposits

1,375,593

Long-term debt

39,229

Fed funds purchased

25

Other liabilities

9,483

Total liabilities assumed

1,424,330

Identifiable net assets acquired

$

102,198

Consideration:

NBHC common stock paid, closing price of $36.99 on September 30, 2022

$

162,459

Cash

50,989

Total

213,448

Goodwill

$

111,250

In connection with the BOJH acquisition, the Company recorded $111.3 million of goodwill. The amount of goodwill recorded reflects the expanded market presence, synergies and operational efficiencies that are expected to result from the acquisition. The Company transferred $75.3 million of available-for-sale securities to held-to-maturity as of Day 1. The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented above:

Cash and due from banks—The carrying amount of these assets was deemed a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.

Investment securities— The investment securities portfolio was fair valued on Day 1 utilizing third-party pricing services. A portion of the investment securities portfolio was sold upon acquisition, and the remaining securities were transferred to held-to-maturity.

Loans, netThe fair value of loans were based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered the loans’ underlying characteristics including account type, remaining terms of loan, annual interest rates or coupon, interest types, past delinquencies, timing of principal and interest payments, current market rates, loan to value ratios, loss exposure and remaining balance. The discount rates applied were based upon a build-up approach considering the alternative cost of funds, capital charges, servicing costs, and a liquidity premium. Loans were aggregated according to similar characteristics when applying the valuation method.

Core deposit and other intangibles—The Company recorded a core deposit intangible asset of $29.4 million and a wealth management intangible of $1.3 million. The core deposit intangible was valued utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology based upon assumptions regarding retained balances, such as account retention rate and growth rates, interest expense

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including maintenance costs, and alternative costs of funding. The discount rate applied is consistent to that applied to loans above. The fair value for the wealth management client relationships intangible was based on a multi-period excess earnings method (“MPEEM”), which utilized a contributory asset analysis to ascertain a fair return on investment of all the assets used in the production of income associated with the specific intangible asset. The sum of the resulting net, or excess, earnings attributable to the client relationships was then discounted to present value utilizing an appropriate discount rate.

The core deposit intangible and wealth management intangible will be amortized straight-line over ten years.

Deposits—By definition, the fair value of demand and saving deposits equals the amount payable. For time deposits acquired, the Company utilized an income approach, discounting the contractual cash flows on the instruments over their remaining contractual lives at prevailing market rates.

Long-term debt—The Company fair valued the subordinated debt using a market interest rate based on similar securities at acquisition date. The Company modeled out the future cash flows over the term of the debt using the forward interest rate curve at acquisition date, and then discounted the cash flows using rates from similar transactions at or near acquisition date.

The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities noted in the table may change during the provisional period, which may last up to twelve months subsequent to the acquisition date. The Company may obtain additional information to refine the valuation of the acquired assets and liabilities and adjust the recorded fair value.

Accounting for acquired loans

A Day 1 CECL allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans was recorded through provision for credit loss expense within the consolidated statements of operations. At the date of acquisition, of the $1.2 billion of loans acquired from BOJH, $13.9 million, or 1.1% of BOJH’s loan portfolio, were accounted for as PCD loans. The gross contractual amounts receivable of PCD loans, inclusive of all principal and interest, was $14.0 million, including $0.5 million of loans previously charged off by BOJH. The Company’s best estimate of the contractual cash flows for PCD loans not expected to be collected was $3.8 million.

The following table provides a summary of PCD loans purchased as part of the BOJH acquisition as of the acquisition date:

Commercial

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

Residential real estate

Consumer

Total

Unpaid principal balance

$

5,061

$

8,353

$

476

$

12

$

13,902

PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition

(151)

(3,557)

(55)

(1)

(3,764)

Discount on acquired loans

(336)

(226)

(16)

(578)

Purchase price of PCD loans

$

4,574

$

4,570

$

405

$

11

$

9,560

The Company has determined that it is impractical to report the amounts of revenue and earnings of legacy BOJH since the acquisition date due to the integration of certain processes occurring shortly after the acquisition date. Such amounts would require significant estimates that cannot be objectively made.

Unaudited Pro forma information

The following unaudited pro forma information combines the historical results of RCB, BOJH and the Company. The pro forma financial information does not include the potential impacts of possible business model changes, current market conditions, revenue enhancements, expense efficiencies, or other factors. If the RCB and BOJH acquisitions had been completed on January 1, 2021, pro forma total revenue for the Company would have been approximately $419.1 million and $398.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Pro forma net income for the Company would have been approximately $120.5 million and $103.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share for the Company would have been $3.19 and $3.17, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share for the

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Company would have been $2.70 and $2.68, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the pro forma information reflects adjustments made to exclude acquisition-related expenses of the Company totaling $36.8 million and estimated acquisition-related expenses incurred by RCB and BOJH prior to the acquisition date totaling $4.9 million. Day 1 provision expense was included in 2021 to reflect the assumption of the acquisition timing noted above. Adjustments also included estimated net accretion of loan and investment marks of $8.8 million and $11.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, estimated net amortization of fair value marks on long term debt of $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, estimated accretion of fair value marks on time deposits of $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and estimated amortization of acquired identifiable intangibles of $3.3 million and $4.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The pro forma information is theoretical in nature and not necessarily indicative of future consolidated results of operations of the Company or the consolidated results of operations which would have resulted had the Company acquired RCB and BOJH during the periods presented.

Note 5 Investment Securities

The tables below summarize theCompany’s investment securities portfolio is comprised of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities. These investment securities totaled $1.4 billion at December 31, 2022 and included $0.7 billion of available-for-sale securities with unrealized lossesand $0.7 billion of held-to-maturity securities. At December 31, 2021, investment securities totaled $1.3 billion and included $0.7 billion of available-for-sale securities and $0.6 billion of held-to-maturity securities.

Available-for-sale

Available-for-sale securities are summarized as follows as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:indicated:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Amortized

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

cost

unrealized gains

unrealized losses

Fair value

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

U.S. Treasury securities

$

74,031

$

$

(2,643)

$

71,388

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

163,579

$

(4,404)

$

22,852

$

(859)

$

186,431

$

(5,263)

263,939

1

(37,809)

226,131

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

237,759

(5,593)

48,750

(2,452)

286,509

(8,045)

 

478,866

 

 

(72,940)

 

405,926

Total

$

401,338

$

(9,997)

$

71,602

$

(3,311)

$

472,940

$

(13,308)

Municipal securities

155

(2)

153

Corporate debt

2,000

(80)

1,920

Other securities

 

771

 

 

 

771

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

819,762

$

1

$

(113,474)

$

706,289

December 31, 2020

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

26,878

$

(42)

$

1

$

$

26,879

$

(42)

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

95,888

(328)

2,138

(16)

98,026

(344)

Corporate debt

1,998

(2)

1,998

(2)

Total

$

124,764

$

(372)

$

2,139

$

(16)

$

126,903

$

(388)

Management evaluated all of the available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The portfolio included 49 securities, which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021, compared to 22 securities at December 31, 2020. The unrealized losses in the Company’s investment portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were caused by changes in interest rates. The Company has no intention to sell these securities and believes it will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost. Management believes that default of the available-for-sale securities is highly unlikely. FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA guaranteed mortgage-backed securities have a long history of zero credit losses, an explicit guarantee by the U.S. government (although limited for FNMA and FHLMC securities) and yields that generally trade based on market views of prepayment and liquidity risk rather than credit risk.

Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The fair value of available-for-sale investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $363.4 million and $385.8 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Bank may also pledge available-for-sale investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. NaN securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 2021 or 2020.

Mortgage-backed securities may have actual maturities that differ from contractual maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments. As of December 31, 2021, municipal securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $0.2 million were due between one to five years. Corporate debt securities with an amortized cost of $2.0 million and fair value of $2.1 million were due after five years through ten years. Other securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021 have no stated contractual maturity date.

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, AIR from available-for-sale investment securities totaled $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and was included within other assets in the statements of financial condition.

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Held-to-maturity

Held-to-maturity investment securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2021

    

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

cost

gains

losses

Fair value

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

312,916

$

2,061

$

(5,363)

$

309,614

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

296,096

 

122

 

(6,572)

 

289,646

Total investment securities held-to-maturity

$

609,012

$

2,183

$

(11,935)

$

599,260

December 31, 2020

    

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

cost

gains

losses

Fair value

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

306,187

$

4,940

$

(197)

$

310,930

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

70,428

 

396

 

(63)

 

70,761

Total investment securities held-to-maturity

$

376,615

$

5,336

$

(260)

$

381,691

December 31, 2021

    

Amortized

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

cost

unrealized gains

unrealized losses

Fair value

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

231,523

$

1,436

$

(5,263)

$

227,696

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

467,490

 

1,889

 

(8,045)

 

461,334

Municipal securities

230

7

237

Corporate debt

2,000

111

2,111

Other securities

 

469

 

 

 

469

Total investment securities available-for-sale

$

701,712

$

3,443

$

(13,308)

$

691,847

During 20212022 and 2020,2021, purchases of held-to-maturityavailable-for-sale securities totaled $397.8$259.8 million and $284.2$288.6 million, respectively. Maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturityavailable-for-sale securities during 2022 and 2021 totaled $161.9$141.9 million and $88.1$235.9 million, respectively. The Company sold $128.4 million of available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition. The remainder of the available-for-sale securities from the acquisition were transferred to held-to-maturity. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during 2021 and 2020, respectively.2021.

The held-to-maturity portfolio included 48 securities which were in an unrealized loss position atAt December 31, 2022 and 2021, compared to 9the Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio was primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury securities at December 31, 2020. and mortgage-backed securities. All mortgage-backed securities were backed by GSE collateral such as FHLMC and FNMA and the government owned agency GNMA.

The tables below summarize the held-to-maturityavailable-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

U.S. Treasury securities

$

71,388

$

(2,643)

$

$

$

71,388

$

(2,643)

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

197,095

$

(3,499)

$

45,353

$

(1,864)

$

242,448

$

(5,363)

83,748

(6,686)

141,272

(31,123)

225,020

(37,809)

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

276,098

(6,572)

276,098

(6,572)

196,449

(22,809)

209,477

(50,131)

405,926

(72,940)

Municipal securities

153

(2)

153

(2)

Corporate debt

1,920

(80)

1,920

(80)

Total

$

473,193

$

(10,071)

$

45,353

$

(1,864)

$

518,546

$

(11,935)

$

353,658

$

(32,220)

$

350,749

$

(81,254)

$

704,407

$

(113,474)

December 31, 2021

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

Mortgage-backed securities:

���

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

163,579

$

(4,404)

$

22,852

$

(859)

$

186,431

$

(5,263)

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

237,759

(5,593)

48,750

(2,452)

286,509

(8,045)

Total

$

401,338

$

(9,997)

$

71,602

$

(3,311)

$

472,940

$

(13,308)

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December 31, 2020

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

53,453

$

(197)

$

$

$

53,453

$

(197)

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

19,554

(63)

19,554

(63)

Total

$

73,007

$

(260)

$

$

$

73,007

$

(260)

Management evaluated all of the available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The portfolio included 244 securities, which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022, compared to 49 securities at December 31, 2021. The unrealized losses in the Company’s investment portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were caused by changes in interest rates. The Company has no intention to sell these securities and believes it will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost. Management believes that default of the available-for-sale securities is highly unlikely. FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities have a long history of zero credit losses, an explicit guarantee by the U.S. government (although limited for FNMA and FHLMC securities) and yields that generally trade based on market views of prepayment and liquidity risk rather than credit risk.

Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The fair value of available-for-sale investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $484.9 million and $363.4 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company may also pledge available-for-sale investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. No securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 2022 or 2021.

A summary of the available-for-sale securities by maturity is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2022. Mortgage-backed securities may have actual maturities that differ from contractual maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments and are therefore not included in the table below. Additionally, the Company holds other available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 that have no stated contractual maturity date.

December 31, 2022

Weighted

Amortized Cost

Fair Value

Average Yield

U.S. Treasury securities

After one but within five years

$

74,031

$

71,388

2.54%

Municipal securities

After one but within five years

155

153

3.17%

Corporate debt

After five but within ten years

2,000

1,920

5.87%

As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, AIR from available-for-sale investment securities totaled $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and was included within other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Held-to-maturity

Held-to-maturity investment securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2022

    

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

cost

gains

losses

Fair value

U.S. Treasury securities

$

49,045

$

$

(1,416)

$

47,629

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

339,815

163

(41,162)

298,816

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

262,667

 

 

(49,188)

 

213,479

Total investment securities held-to-maturity

$

651,527

$

163

$

(91,766)

$

559,924

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December 31, 2021

    

    

Gross

    

Gross

    

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

cost

gains

losses

Fair value

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

312,916

$

2,061

$

(5,363)

$

309,614

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

296,096

 

122

 

(6,572)

 

289,646

Total investment securities held-to-maturity

$

609,012

$

2,183

$

(11,935)

$

599,260

During 2022 and 2021, purchases of held-to-maturity securities totaled $101.7 million and $397.8 million, respectively. Maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity securities totaled $133.4 million and $161.9 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company sold a portion of the available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition. The Company transferred the remaining $75.3 million of available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition to held-to-maturity.

The held-to-maturity portfolio included 129 securities which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022, compared to 48 securities at December 31, 2021. The tables below summarize the held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:

December 31, 2022

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

U.S. Treasury securities

$

47,629

$

(1,416)

$

$

$

47,629

$

(1,416)

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

83,323

(3,804)

182,159

(37,358)

265,482

(41,162)

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

34,704

(1,145)

178,776

(48,043)

213,480

(49,188)

Total

$

165,656

$

(6,365)

$

360,935

$

(85,401)

$

526,591

$

(91,766)

December 31, 2021

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

    

Fair

    

Unrealized

value

losses

value

losses

value

losses

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

197,095

$

(3,499)

$

45,353

$

(1,864)

$

242,448

$

(5,363)

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

276,098

(6,572)

276,098

(6,572)

Total

$

473,193

$

(10,071)

$

45,353

$

(1,864)

$

518,546

$

(11,935)

The Company does not measure expected credit losses on a financial asset, or group of financial assets, in which historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Management evaluated held-to-maturity securities noting they are backed by loans guaranteed by either U.S. government agencies or U.S. government sponsored entities, and management believes that default is highly unlikely given this governmental backing and long history without credit losses. Additionally, management notes that yields on which the portfolio generally trades are based upon market views of prepayment and liquidity risk and not credit risk. The Company has no intention to sell any held-to-maturity securities and believes it will not be required to sell any held-to-maturity securities before the recovery of their amortized cost.

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Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The carrying value of held-to-maturity investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $147.3$355.3 million and $140.6$147.3 million at December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. The BankCompany may also pledge held-to-maturity investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. NaNNo held-to-maturity investment securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 20212022 or 2020.2021.

A summary of the held-to-maturity securities by maturity is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2022. Actual maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from scheduled maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments.instruments and are therefore not included in the table below.

December 31, 2022

Weighted

Amortized Cost

Fair Value

Average Yield

U.S. Treasury securities

After one but within five years

$

49,045

$

47,629

3.14%

Total

$

49,045

$

47,629

As of December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, AIR from held-to-maturity investment securities totaled $0.9$1.1 million and $0.7$0.9 million, respectively, and was included within other assets in the statements of financial condition.

Note 56 Non-marketable Securities

During 2021, the Company updated its asset classifications to include certain financial instruments previously included in other assets within non-marketable securities in the statements of financial condition.

Non-marketable securities totaled $50.7$89.0 million and $22.1$50.7 million at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and included FRB stock, FHLB stock and other non-marketable securities. At December 31, 2021, otherProceeds from non-marketable securities totaled $36.2$4.2 million and consisted of equity method investments totaling $16.2$2.0 million and convertible preferred stock without readily determinable fair values totaling $20.0 million. Duringduring the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, purchasesrespectively. Proceeds during 2022 included $4.0 million from redemptions of non-marketable securities totaled $27.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Included in these purchases were investments in two fintech firms, Finstro Global Holdings, Inc. of $20.0 million and Figure Technologies of $2.0 million. At December 31, 2020, the Company held $5.6 million of equity method investments.FHLB stock.

At December 31, 2022, the Company held $20.3 million of FHLB stock and $18.1 million of FRB stock for regulatory or debt facility purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2022, purchases of FHLB and FRB stock totaled $23.8 million, and the FHLB and FRB stock from the acquisitions of RCB and BOJH totaled $4.0 million. Redemptions of FHLB stock totaled $4.0 million during 2022. At December 31, 2021, the Company held $13.9 million of FRB stock and $0.7 million of FHLB stock for regulatory or debt facility purposes. At December 31, 2020, the Company heldand $13.9 million of FRB stock and $2.6 millionstock. There were no purchases of FHLB stock.or FRB stock during 2021. These are restricted securities which, lacking a market, are carried at cost. There have been no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have an adverse effect on the investments carried at cost.

At December 31, 2022, other non-marketable securities totaled $50.7 million and consisted of equity method investments totaling $21.7 million and convertible preferred stock without a readily determinable fair value totaling $29.0 million. At December 31, 2021, other non-marketable securities totaled $36.2 million and consisted of equity method investments totaling $14.2 million and convertible preferred stock without a readily determinable fair value totaling $22.0 million. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, purchases of other non-marketable securities totaled $13.5 million and $27.7 million, respectively.

Note 7 Loans

The loan portfolio is comprised of loans originated by the Company and loans that were acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisitions.

The tables below show the loan portfolio composition including carrying value by segment as of the dates shown. The carrying value of loans is net of discounts, fees, costs and fair value marks of $38.8 million and $9.4 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Note 6 Loans

The loan portfolio is comprised of loans originated by the Company and loans that were acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisitions.

The tables below show the loan portfolio composition including carrying value by segment as of the dates shown. The carrying value of loans is net of discounts, fees, costs and fair value marks of $9.4 million and $16.2 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Included in commercial loans are fully-guaranteed loans originated as part of the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program of which $21.7 million and $176.1 million, net of fees and costs, were outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

December 31, 2022

Total loans

    

% of total

Commercial

$

4,251,780

58.9%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

1,696,050

23.5%

Residential real estate

 

1,251,281

17.3%

Consumer

 

21,358

0.3%

Total

$

7,220,469

100.0%

December 31, 2021

Total loans

    

% of total

Commercial

$

3,162,417

70.1%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

664,729

14.7%

Residential real estate

 

668,656

14.8%

Consumer

 

17,581

0.4%

Total

$

4,513,383

100.0%

December 31, 2020

Total loans

    

% of total

Commercial

$

3,044,065

70.0%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

631,996

14.5%

Residential real estate

 

658,659

15.1%

Consumer

 

19,006

0.4%

Total

$

4,353,726

100.0%

Information about delinquent and non-accrual loans is shown in the following tables at December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Greater

Greater

30-89 days

than 90 days

Total past

30-89 days

than 90 days

Total past

past due and

past due and

Non-accrual

due and

past due and

past due and

Non-accrual

due and

accruing

accruing

loans

non-accrual

Current

Total loans

accruing

accruing

loans

non-accrual

Current

Total loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

481

$

$

1,490

$

1,971

$

1,494,176

$

1,496,147

$

919

$

53

$

2,601

$

3,573

$

2,021,262

$

2,024,835

Municipal and non-profit

202

202

928,843

929,045

959,626

959,626

Owner occupied commercial real estate

207

4,525

4,732

528,904

533,636

6,551

6,551

906,789

913,340

Food and agribusiness

89

64

153

203,436

203,589

699

2,148

2,847

351,132

353,979

Total commercial

979

6,079

7,058

3,155,359

3,162,417

1,618

53

11,300

12,971

4,238,809

4,251,780

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

 

 

 

 

 

86,126

 

86,126

 

 

 

 

 

341,325

 

341,325

Acquisition/development

 

 

 

 

 

9,609

 

9,609

 

 

 

 

 

129,102

 

129,102

Multifamily

 

 

 

 

 

92,174

 

92,174

 

 

 

 

 

213,677

 

213,677

Non-owner occupied

 

94

 

217

 

121

 

432

 

476,388

 

476,820

 

629

 

 

685

 

1,314

 

1,010,632

 

1,011,946

Total commercial real estate

 

94

 

217

 

121

 

432

 

664,297

 

664,729

 

629

 

 

685

 

1,314

 

1,694,736

 

1,696,050

Residential real estate:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Senior lien

399

198

4,251

4,848

609,780

614,628

446

4,174

4,620

1,149,728

1,154,348

Junior lien

 

179

374

 

553

 

53,475

54,028

 

255

341

596

96,337

96,933

Total residential real estate

 

578

198

4,625

5,401

663,255

668,656

 

701

4,515

5,216

1,246,065

1,251,281

Consumer

 

36

 

5

 

7

 

48

 

17,533

 

17,581

 

38

42

12

92

21,266

 

21,358

Total loans

$

1,687

$

420

$

10,832

$

12,939

$

4,500,444

$

4,513,383

$

2,986

$

95

$

16,512

$

19,593

$

7,200,876

$

7,220,469

9297

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December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

with a related

with no related

with a related

with no related

allowance for

allowance for

Non-accrual

allowance for

allowance for

Non-accrual

credit loss

credit loss

loans

credit loss

credit loss

loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,490

$

$

1,490

$

1,640

$

961

$

2,601

Municipal and non-profit

Owner occupied commercial real estate

4,525

4,525

693

5,858

6,551

Food and agribusiness

64

64

455

1,693

2,148

Total commercial

6,079

6,079

2,788

8,512

11,300

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquisition/development

 

 

 

 

 

 

Multifamily

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-owner occupied

 

121

 

 

121

 

685

 

 

685

Total commercial real estate

 

121

 

 

121

 

685

 

 

685

Residential real estate:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Senior lien

3,274

977

4,251

3,019

1,155

4,174

Junior lien

374

 

374

341

 

341

Total residential real estate

3,648

977

 

4,625

3,360

1,155

 

4,515

Consumer

 

7

 

 

7

 

12

 

 

12

Total loans

$

9,855

$

977

$

10,832

$

6,845

$

9,667

$

16,512

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

Greater

Greater

30-89 days

than 90 days

Total past

30-89 days

than 90 days

Total past

past due and

past due and

Non-accrual

due and

past due and

past due and

Non-accrual

due and

accruing

accruing

loans

non-accrual

Current

Total loans

accruing

accruing

loans

non-accrual

Current

Total loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

170

$

$

6,312

$

6,482

$

1,440,256

$

1,446,738

$

481

$

$

1,490

$

1,971

$

1,494,176

$

1,496,147

Municipal and non-profit

870,791

870,791

202

202

928,843

929,045

Owner occupied commercial real estate

 

 

5,450

 

5,450

 

510,789

 

516,239

 

207

 

4,525

 

4,732

 

528,904

 

533,636

Food and agribusiness

 

146

 

422

 

568

 

209,729

 

210,297

 

89

 

64

 

153

 

203,436

 

203,589

Total commercial

316

12,184

12,500

3,031,565

3,044,065

979

6,079

7,058

3,155,359

3,162,417

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

 

 

 

 

 

91,125

 

91,125

 

 

 

 

 

86,126

 

86,126

Acquisition/development

 

 

 

6

 

6

 

24,665

 

24,671

 

 

 

 

 

9,609

 

9,609

Multifamily

 

 

 

1,523

 

1,523

 

67,233

 

68,756

 

 

 

 

 

92,174

 

92,174

Non-owner occupied

 

 

 

135

 

135

 

447,309

 

447,444

 

94

 

217

 

121

 

432

 

476,388

 

476,820

Total commercial real estate

 

 

 

1,664

 

1,664

 

630,332

 

631,996

 

94

 

217

 

121

 

432

 

664,297

 

664,729

Residential real estate:

 

 

Senior lien

 

527

 

160

5,820

 

6,507

 

577,764

584,271

 

399

 

198

4,251

 

4,848

 

609,780

614,628

Junior lien

 

95

 

709

804

73,584

74,388

 

179

 

374

553

53,475

54,028

Total residential real estate

 

622

 

160

6,529

7,311

651,348

658,659

 

578

 

198

4,625

5,401

663,255

668,656

Consumer

 

30

 

2

 

10

42

18,964

19,006

 

36

 

5

 

7

48

17,533

17,581

Total loans

$

968

$

162

$

20,387

$

21,517

$

4,332,209

$

4,353,726

$

1,687

$

420

$

10,832

$

12,939

$

4,500,444

$

4,513,383

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Table of Contents

December 31, 2020

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

with a related

with no related

allowance for

allowance for

Non-accrual

credit loss

credit loss

loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

6,080

$

232

$

6,312

Municipal and non-profit

Owner occupied commercial real estate

2,698

2,752

5,450

Food and agribusiness

88

334

422

Total commercial

8,866

3,318

12,184

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

 

 

 

Acquisition/development

 

6

 

 

6

Multifamily

 

 

1,523

 

1,523

Non-owner occupied

 

135

 

 

135

Total commercial real estate

 

141

 

1,523

 

1,664

Residential real estate:

 

 

 

Senior lien

4,158

1,662

5,820

Junior lien

709

 

709

Total residential real estate

4,867

1,662

 

6,529

Consumer

 

10

 

 

10

Total loans

$

13,884

$

6,503

$

20,387

December 31, 2021

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

with a related

with no related

allowance for

allowance for

Non-accrual

credit loss

credit loss

loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,490

$

$

1,490

Municipal and non-profit

Owner occupied commercial real estate

4,525

4,525

Food and agribusiness

64

64

Total commercial

6,079

6,079

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

 

 

 

Acquisition/development

 

 

 

Multifamily

 

 

 

Non-owner occupied

 

121

 

 

121

Total commercial real estate

 

121

 

 

121

Residential real estate:

 

 

 

Senior lien

3,274

977

4,251

Junior lien

374

 

374

Total residential real estate

3,648

977

 

4,625

Consumer

 

7

 

 

7

Total loans

$

9,855

$

977

$

10,832

Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. Non-accrual loans include non-accrual loans and TDRs on non-accrual status. There was 0no interest income recognized from non-accrual loans during the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020.2021.

The Company’s internal risk rating system uses a series of grades, which reflect our assessment of the credit quality of loans based on an analysis of the borrower's financial condition, liquidity and ability to meet contractual debt service requirements and are categorized as “Pass”, “Special mention”, “Substandard” and “Doubtful”. For a description of the general characteristics of the risk grades, refer to note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

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Table of Contents

The amortized cost basis for all loans as determined by the Company’s internal risk rating system and year of origination is shown in the following tables as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Revolving

Revolving

Revolving

Revolving

loans

loans

loans

loans

Origination year

amortized

converted

Origination year

amortized

converted

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

Prior

cost basis

to term

Total

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Prior

cost basis

to term

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial:

Pass

$

424,813

$

155,268

$

146,420

$

128,002

$

49,408

$

18,529

$

519,678

$

5,975

$

1,448,093

$

528,180

$

351,003

$

129,453

$

95,003

$

101,951

$

88,038

$

688,398

$

17,883

$

1,999,909

Special mention

1,122

2,000

3,446

22,654

4,440

1,824

250

35,736

66

137

388

2,887

588

4,440

3,512

12,018

Substandard

99

89

744

10,399

303

105

11,739

34

7

1,882

200

189

10,270

50

30

12,662

Doubtful

375

54

49

101

579

246

246

Total commercial and industrial

424,813

156,864

148,509

132,246

82,510

23,373

521,607

6,225

1,496,147

528,280

351,147

131,969

98,090

102,728

102,748

691,960

17,913

2,024,835

Municipal and non-profit:

Pass

234,827

93,310

69,509

81,175

147,115

302,574

535

929,045

105,630

246,696

89,562

59,066

73,013

383,158

2,501

959,626

Total municipal and non-profit

234,827

93,310

69,509

81,175

147,115

302,574

535

929,045

105,630

246,696

89,562

59,066

73,013

383,158

2,501

959,626

Owner occupied commercial real estate:

Pass

122,641

81,072

84,359

71,183

48,086

77,100

13,666

1,688

499,795

263,635

203,628

100,522

92,653

70,447

121,448

24,930

894

878,157

Special mention

9,155

3,864

1,429

13,443

27,891

515

6,956

2,616

17,360

27,447

Substandard

1,192

1,527

220

2,028

4,967

1,185

4,612

931

234

6,962

Doubtful

389

550

44

983

85

108

581

774

Total owner occupied commercial real estate

122,641

82,653

95,591

75,047

49,735

92,615

13,666

1,688

533,636

263,635

204,143

101,707

104,306

73,171

140,320

24,930

1,128

913,340

Food and agribusiness:

Pass

11,245

20,606

6,966

21,427

2,443

24,047

107,978

24

194,736

36,505

23,907

25,285

11,035

19,689

31,210

191,785

1,663

341,079

Special mention

4,670

1,234

215

1,897

8,016

204

4,573

3,486

195

1,750

10,208

Substandard

259

578

837

1,747

12

324

173

2,256

Doubtful

186

250

436

Total food and agribusiness

11,245

25,276

8,200

21,427

2,702

24,840

109,875

24

203,589

36,505

26,044

30,108

11,047

23,175

31,729

193,535

1,836

353,979

Total commercial

793,526

358,103

321,809

309,895

282,062

443,402

645,683

7,937

3,162,417

934,050

828,030

353,346

272,509

272,087

657,955

912,926

20,877

4,251,780

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction:

Pass

39,584

10,047

29,496

222

6,777

86,126

106,197

139,012

56,489

14,387

213

25,027

341,325

Total construction

39,584

10,047

29,496

222

6,777

86,126

106,197

139,012

56,489

14,387

213

25,027

341,325

Acquisition/development:

Pass

1,691

385

766

1,830

30

4,907

9,609

57,773

33,663

7,810

1,921

3,939

16,648

7,348

129,102

Total acquisition/development

1,691

385

766

1,830

30

4,907

9,609

57,773

33,663

7,810

1,921

3,939

16,648

7,348

129,102

Multifamily:

Pass

3,101

32,619

2,184

15,977

193

37,713

91,787

99,988

22,022

17,658

39,547

17,358

16,009

1,095

213,677

Special mention

387

387

Total multifamily

3,101

32,619

2,184

15,977

193

38,100

92,174

99,988

22,022

17,658

39,547

17,358

16,009

1,095

213,677

Non-owner occupied

Pass

59,060

58,964

122,452

18,425

92,349

95,265

557

447,072

235,958

172,648

120,871

138,711

42,489

249,461

11,707

971,845

Special mention

��

5,747

5,584

9,745

3,898

24,974

7,313

4,048

3,947

12,658

27,966

Substandard

729

4,045

4,774

629

7,912

8,541

Doubtful

280

3,314

3,594

Total non-owner occupied

59,060

58,964

128,199

24,738

102,094

103,208

557

476,820

235,958

172,648

128,464

142,759

47,065

273,345

11,707

1,011,946

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

103,436

102,015

160,645

42,545

102,539

146,215

7,334

664,729

499,916

367,345

210,421

198,614

68,362

306,215

45,177

1,696,050

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Pass

223,120

100,476

38,696

21,889

29,554

177,051

18,278

188

609,252

361,405

323,984

133,847

47,557

30,283

184,998

66,792

496

1,149,362

Special mention

290

290

362

362

Substandard

44

325

684

318

299

3,416

5,086

191

186

468

854

105

2,769

4,573

Doubtful

51

51

Total senior lien

223,164

100,801

39,380

22,207

29,853

180,757

18,278

188

614,628

361,596

324,170

134,315

48,411

30,439

188,129

66,792

496

1,154,348

Junior lien

Pass

1,320

2,150

2,731

1,639

951

3,209

40,921

328

53,249

6,429

5,977

3,010

4,163

1,726

3,773

69,059

1,286

95,423

Special mention

24

322

346

351

351

Substandard

19

62

131

221

433

9

89

54

242

305

251

950

Doubtful

209

209

Total junior lien

1,320

2,169

2,731

1,701

1,082

3,430

40,945

650

54,028

6,438

5,977

3,099

4,163

1,780

4,366

69,364

1,746

96,933

Total residential real estate

224,484

102,970

42,111

23,908

30,935

184,187

59,223

838

668,656

368,034

330,147

137,414

52,574

32,219

192,495

136,156

2,242

1,251,281

Consumer

Pass

8,815

3,528

1,241

631

131

557

2,653

19

17,575

8,576

4,816

2,209

607

282

531

4,292

33

21,346

Substandard

6

6

3

5

4

12

Total consumer

8,815

3,528

1,241

631

131

563

2,653

19

17,581

8,579

4,816

2,209

607

282

536

4,296

33

21,358

Total loans

$

1,130,261

$

566,616

$

525,806

$

376,979

$

415,667

$

774,367

$

714,893

$

8,794

$

4,513,383

$

1,810,579

$

1,530,338

$

703,390

$

524,304

$

372,950

$

1,157,201

$

1,098,555

$

23,152

$

7,220,469

95100

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December 31, 2020

Revolving

Revolving

loans

loans

Origination year

amortized

converted

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Prior

cost basis

to term

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial:

Pass

$

372,041

$

212,388

$

189,753

$

93,822

$

15,145

$

17,662

$

499,283

$

991

$

1,401,085

Special mention

1,445

7,381

4,845

5,810

729

2,329

1,478

24,017

Substandard

23

1,238

925

11,885

56

4,840

1,341

20,308

Doubtful

34

456

809

29

1,328

Total commercial and industrial

372,064

215,071

198,093

111,008

21,011

24,040

502,982

2,469

1,446,738

Municipal and non-profit:

Pass

131,961

91,911

125,247

156,275

124,269

238,453

2,675

870,791

Total municipal and non-profit

131,961

91,911

125,247

156,275

124,269

238,453

2,675

870,791

Owner occupied commercial real estate:

Pass

100,791

107,558

90,398

53,131

32,648

87,758

1,401

473,685

Special mention

1,581

2,236

2,714

544

3,254

19,341

29,670

Substandard

1,988

6,211

251

93

3,802

12,345

Doubtful

511

28

539

Total owner occupied commercial real estate

102,372

112,293

99,323

53,926

35,995

110,929

1,401

516,239

Food and agribusiness:

Pass

28,139

9,198

20,242

7,198

9,556

28,330

106,007

126

208,796

Special mention

222

222

Substandard

302

977

1,279

Total food and agribusiness

28,139

9,198

20,242

7,500

9,556

29,529

106,007

126

210,297

Total commercial

634,536

428,473

442,905

328,709

190,831

402,951

613,065

2,595

3,044,065

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction:

Pass

15,841

49,658

17,349

4,072

2,006

1,807

90,733

Special mention

392

392

Total construction

16,233

49,658

17,349

4,072

2,006

1,807

91,125

Acquisition/development:

Pass

3,762

1,997

1,947

8,373

4,559

3,694

11

24,343

Special mention

34

253

287

Substandard

41

41

Total acquisition/development

3,762

1,997

1,947

8,407

4,559

3,988

11

24,671

Multifamily:

Pass

29,738

13,670

137

212

18,050

4,990

66,797

Special mention

436

436

Substandard

1,523

1,523

Total multifamily

29,738

13,670

137

212

18,050

6,949

68,756

Non-owner occupied

Pass

51,445

92,225

25,362

86,975

26,613

118,144

3,083

643

404,490

Special mention

70

5,458

5,841

22,737

3,662

100

37,868

Substandard

779

3,937

370

5,086

Total non-owner occupied

51,515

97,683

31,982

109,712

30,550

122,176

3,183

643

447,444

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

101,248

163,008

51,415

122,403

53,159

133,113

5,200

2,450

631,996

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Pass

129,551

76,504

36,493

47,887

88,358

173,091

24,884

218

576,986

Special mention

463

463

Substandard

95

818

20

1,232

550

4,107

6,822

Total senior lien

129,646

77,322

36,513

49,119

88,908

177,661

24,884

218

584,271

Junior lien

Pass

3,479

4,217

2,553

1,775

1,226

3,760

55,860

365

73,235

Special mention

21

341

362

Substandard

112

101

177

55

287

59

791

Total junior lien

3,479

4,329

2,654

1,952

1,281

4,068

56,201

424

74,388

Total residential real estate

133,125

81,651

39,167

51,071

90,189

181,729

81,085

642

658,659

Consumer:

Pass

9,777

3,348

1,674

489

329

623

2,700

19

18,959

Substandard

37

2

8

47

Total consumer

9,777

3,348

1,711

489

331

631

2,700

19

19,006

Total loans

$

878,686

$

676,480

$

535,198

$

502,672

$

334,510

$

718,424

$

702,050

$

5,706

$

4,353,726

December 31, 2021

Revolving

Revolving

loans

loans

Origination year

amortized

converted

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

Prior

cost basis

to term

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial:

Pass

$

424,813

$

155,268

$

146,420

$

128,002

$

49,408

$

18,529

$

519,678

$

5,975

$

1,448,093

Special mention

1,122

2,000

3,446

22,654

4,440

1,824

250

35,736

Substandard

99

89

744

10,399

303

105

11,739

Doubtful

375

54

49

101

579

Total commercial and industrial

424,813

156,864

148,509

132,246

82,510

23,373

521,607

6,225

1,496,147

Municipal and non-profit:

Pass

234,827

93,310

69,509

81,175

147,115

302,574

535

929,045

Total municipal and non-profit

234,827

93,310

69,509

81,175

147,115

302,574

535

929,045

Owner occupied commercial real estate:

Pass

122,641

81,072

84,359

71,183

48,086

77,100

13,666

1,688

499,795

Special mention

9,155

3,864

1,429

13,443

27,891

Substandard

1,192

1,527

220

2,028

4,967

Doubtful

389

550

44

983

Total owner occupied commercial real estate

122,641

82,653

95,591

75,047

49,735

92,615

13,666

1,688

533,636

Food and agribusiness:

Pass

11,245

20,606

6,966

21,427

2,443

24,047

107,978

24

194,736

Special mention

4,670

1,234

215

1,897

8,016

Substandard

259

578

837

Total food and agribusiness

11,245

25,276

8,200

21,427

2,702

24,840

109,875

24

203,589

Total commercial

793,526

358,103

321,809

309,895

282,062

443,402

645,683

7,937

3,162,417

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction:

Pass

39,584

10,047

29,496

222

6,777

86,126

Total construction

39,584

10,047

29,496

222

6,777

86,126

Acquisition/development:

Pass

1,691

385

766

1,830

30

4,907

9,609

Total acquisition/development

1,691

385

766

1,830

30

4,907

9,609

Multifamily:

Pass

3,101

32,619

2,184

15,977

193

37,713

91,787

Special mention

387

387

Total multifamily

3,101

32,619

2,184

15,977

193

38,100

92,174

Non-owner occupied

Pass

59,060

58,964

122,452

18,425

92,349

95,265

557

447,072

Special mention

5,747

5,584

9,745

3,898

24,974

Substandard

729

4,045

4,774

Total non-owner occupied

59,060

58,964

128,199

24,738

102,094

103,208

557

476,820

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

103,436

102,015

160,645

42,545

102,539

146,215

7,334

664,729

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Pass

223,120

100,476

38,696

21,889

29,554

177,051

18,278

188

609,252

Special mention

290

290

Substandard

44

325

684

318

299

3,416

5,086

Total senior lien

223,164

100,801

39,380

22,207

29,853

180,757

18,278

188

614,628

Junior lien

Pass

1,320

2,150

2,731

1,639

951

3,209

40,921

328

53,249

Special mention

24

322

346

Substandard

19

62

131

221

433

Total junior lien

1,320

2,169

2,731

1,701

1,082

3,430

40,945

650

54,028

Total residential real estate

224,484

102,970

42,111

23,908

30,935

184,187

59,223

838

668,656

Consumer:

Pass

8,815

3,528

1,241

631

131

557

2,653

19

17,575

Substandard

6

6

Total consumer

8,815

3,528

1,241

631

131

563

2,653

19

17,581

Total loans

$

1,130,261

$

566,616

$

525,806

$

376,979

$

415,667

$

774,367

$

714,893

$

8,794

$

4,513,383

96101

Table of Contents

Loans evaluated individually

We evaluate loans individually when they no longer share risk characteristics with pooled loans. These loans include loans on non-accrual status, loans in bankruptcy, and TDRs as described below. If a specific allowance is warranted based on the borrower’s overall financial condition, the specific allowance is calculated based on discounted expected cash flows using the loan’s initial contractual effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs for collateral-dependent loans.

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Management individually evaluates collateral-dependent loans with an amortized cost basis of $250 thousand or more and includes collateral-dependent loans less than $250 thousand within the general allowance population. The amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans over $250 thousand was as follows at December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Total amortized

Total amortized

Real property

Business assets

cost basis

Real property

Business assets

cost basis

Commercial

Commercial and industrial

$

3,270

$

1,261

$

4,531

$

2,869

$

791

$

3,660

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

4,012

255

4,267

6,711

1,346

8,057

Food and agribusiness

3,020

173

3,193

Total Commercial

7,282

1,516

8,798

12,600

2,310

14,910

Commercial real estate non owner-occupied

Non-owner occupied

 

8,561

 

 

8,561

Total commercial real estate

 

8,561

 

 

8,561

Residential real estate

 

 

 

 

 

 

Senior lien

 

2,212

 

 

2,212

 

2,806

 

 

2,806

Junior lien

 

460

 

 

460

Total residential real estate

 

2,212

 

 

2,212

 

3,266

 

 

3,266

Total loans

$

9,494

$

1,516

$

11,010

$

24,427

$

2,310

$

26,737

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

Total amortized

Total amortized

Real property

Business assets

cost basis

Real property

Business assets

cost basis

Commercial

Commercial and industrial

$

7,579

$

3,005

$

10,584

$

3,270

$

1,261

$

4,531

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

3,701

284

3,985

4,012

255

4,267

Food and agribusiness

334

334

Total Commercial

11,614

3,289

14,903

7,282

1,516

8,798

Commercial real estate non owner-occupied

Acquisition/development

 

1,573

 

 

1,573

Multifamily

 

1,523

 

 

1,523

Total commercial real estate

 

3,096

 

 

3,096

Residential real estate

 

 

 

 

 

 

Senior lien

 

2,021

 

 

2,021

 

2,212

 

 

2,212

Total residential real estate

 

2,021

 

 

2,021

 

2,212

 

 

2,212

Total loans

$

16,731

$

3,289

$

20,020

$

9,494

$

1,516

$

11,010

Loan modifications and troubled debt restructurings

The Company’s policy is to review each prospective credit to determine the appropriateness and the adequacy of security or collateral prior to making a loan. In the event of borrower default, the Company seeks recovery in compliance with lending laws, the respective loan agreements, and credit monitoring and remediation procedures that may include restructuring a loan to provide a concession by the Company to the borrower from their original terms due to borrower financial difficulties in order to facilitate repayment. Additionally, if a borrower’s repayment obligation has been discharged by a court, and that debt has not been reaffirmed by the borrower, regardless of past due status, the loan is considered to be a TDR.

The CARES Act afforded financial institutions the option to modify loans within certain parameters in response to the COVID-19 pandemic without requiring the modifications to be classified as TDRs under ASC Topic 310 if the borrower has been adversely impacted by COVID-19 and was current on their loan payments. The Company modified 19 loans totaling $9.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 510 loans totaling $519.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, that were not classified as TDRs. Modified loans that

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remained on a payment deferral plan, paying interest only, at December 31, 2021 totaled $5.3 million, or 0.1% of the total loan population. At December 31, 2021, $206 thousand of loan modifications related to COVID-19 were a subsequent modification and 1 loan totaling $206 thousand was classified as non-accrual. At December 31, 2020, modified loans that remained on a payment deferral plan totaled $173.6 million, or 4.0% of the total loan portfolio, of which 26.2% were a subsequent modification.

During 2021,2022, the Company restructured 410 loans with an amortized cost basis of $1.1 million to facilitate repayment that are considered TDRs. Loan modifications were a reduction of the principal payment, a reduction in interest rate, or an extension of term. The tables below provide additional information related to accruing TDRs at December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Amortized

Average year-to-date

Unpaid

Unfunded commitments

Amortized

Average year-to-date

Unpaid

Unfunded commitments

cost basis

amortized cost basis

principal balance

to fund TDRs

cost basis

amortized cost basis

principal balance

to fund TDRs

Commercial

$

4,066

$

4,472

$

4,417

$

$

2,160

$

2,348

$

2,150

$

150

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

725

 

767

 

892

 

 

685

 

734

 

699

 

Residential real estate

 

2,395

 

2,468

 

2,781

 

 

1,809

 

1,867

 

1,964

 

Consumer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

$

7,186

$

7,707

$

8,090

$

$

4,654

$

4,949

$

4,813

$

150

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

Amortized

Average year-to-date

Unpaid

Unfunded commitments

Amortized

Average year-to-date

Unpaid

Unfunded commitments

cost basis

amortized cost basis

principal balance

to fund TDRs

cost basis

amortized cost basis

principal balance

to fund TDRs

Commercial

$

9,387

$

9,544

$

9,978

$

150

$

4,066

$

4,472

$

4,417

$

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

2,400

 

2,351

 

4,105

 

 

725

 

767

 

892

 

Residential real estate

 

2,121

 

2,185

 

2,922

 

12

 

2,395

 

2,468

 

2,781

 

Consumer

 

37

 

37

 

37

 

 

 

 

 

Total

$

13,945

$

14,117

$

17,042

$

162

$

7,186

$

7,707

$

8,090

$

The following table summarizes the Company’s carrying value of non-accrual TDRs as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Commercial

    

$

644

    

$

3,397

    

$

356

    

$

644

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

 

117

 

1,644

 

81

 

117

Residential real estate

 

1,605

 

3,156

 

2,041

 

1,605

Consumer

 

 

 

 

Total non-accruing TDRs

$

2,366

$

8,197

$

2,478

$

2,366

Accrual of interest is resumed on loans that were previously on non-accrual only after the loan has performed sufficiently for a period of time. The Company had 0did not have any TDRs that were modified within the past 12 months and had defaulted on their restructured terms during the yearyears ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. During 2020, the Company had 3 TDRs totaling $3.4 million that had been modified within the prior 12 months and defaulted on their restructured terms. For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers “default” to mean 90 days or more past due on principal or interest. The allowance for credit losses related to TDRs on non-accrual status is determined by individual evaluation, including collateral adequacy, using the same process as loans on non-accrual status which are not classified as TDRs.

Accounting for Acquired Loans

ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, requires that acquired loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. The fair value for acquired loans at the time of acquisition is based on a variety of factors including discounted expected cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments and credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the fair value adjustment is recorded as premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. Loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are PCD loans. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by our allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the level yield method. The net premium or discount on non-PCD loans, that includes credit quality and interest rate considerations, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the level yield method. The Company then records the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense.

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Note 78 Allowance for Credit Losses

The tables below detail the Company’s allowance for credit losses as of the dates shown:

Year ended December 31, 2021

Year ended December 31, 2022

    

    

Non-owner

    

    

    

    

    

Non-owner

    

    

    

occupied

occupied

commercial

Residential

commercial

Residential

Commercial

real estate

real estate

Consumer

Total

Commercial

real estate

real estate

Consumer

Total

Beginning balance

$

30,376

$

17,448

$

11,492

$

461

$

59,777

$

31,256

$

10,033

$

8,056

$

349

$

49,694

Day 1 CECL provision expense

4,274

11,792

5,034

128

21,228

PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition

2,408

3,559

270

1

6,238

Charge-offs

 

(1,171)

 

 

(24)

 

(621)

 

(1,816)

 

(1,340)

 

 

(2)

 

(845)

 

(2,187)

Recoveries

 

371

 

7

 

48

 

126

 

552

 

185

 

21

 

54

 

125

 

385

Provision expense (release) for loan losses

 

1,680

 

(7,422)

 

(3,460)

 

383

 

(8,819)

Provision expense for credit losses

 

825

 

6,645

5,894

831

 

14,195

Ending balance

$

31,256

$

10,033

$

8,056

$

349

$

49,694

$

37,608

$

32,050

$

19,306

$

589

$

89,553

Year ended December 31, 2020

    

    

Non-owner

    

    

    

occupied

commercial

Residential

Commercial

real estate

real estate

Consumer

Total

Beginning balance

$

30,442

$

4,850

$

3,468

$

304

$

39,064

Cumulative effect adjustment(1)

(1,299)

1,666

5,314

155

5,836

Charge-offs

 

(2,023)

 

(412)

 

(67)

 

(726)

 

(3,228)

Recoveries

 

394

 

 

32

 

145

 

571

Provision expense for loan losses

 

2,862

 

11,344

 

2,745

 

583

 

17,534

Ending balance

$

30,376

$

17,448

$

11,492

$

461

$

59,777

(1)

Related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Refer to note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements of our consolidated financial statements for further details.

At the acquisition date, RCB and BOJH had $2.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of previously charged off loans for which the Company continued to have contractual rights to the cash flows. In accordance with ASC Topic 326, PCD loan accounting is to be applied by the acquirer whereby an allowance for credit losses should be recorded for this subset of loans at the acquisition date, and if deemed non-collectible, the loans are to be fully charged off on the acquirer’s books. Such amounts were fully reserved for, charged off on the acquisition date and excluded from the 2022 table above.

Year ended December 31, 2021

    

    

Non-owner

    

    

    

occupied

commercial

Residential

Commercial

real estate

real estate

Consumer

Total

Beginning balance

$

30,376

$

17,448

$

11,492

$

461

$

59,777

Charge-offs

 

(1,171)

 

 

(24)

 

(621)

 

(1,816)

Recoveries

 

371

 

7

 

48

 

126

 

552

Provision expense (release) for credit losses

 

1,680

 

(7,422)

 

(3,460)

 

383

 

(8,819)

Ending balance

$

31,256

$

10,033

$

8,056

$

349

$

49,694

In evaluating the loan portfolio for an appropriate ACL level, excluding loans evaluated individually, loans were grouped into segments based on broad characteristics such as primary use and underlying collateral. Within the segments, the portfolio was further disaggregated into classes of loans with similar attributes and risk characteristics for purposes of developing the underlying data used within the discounted cash flow model including, but not limited to, prepayment and recovery rates as well as loss rates tied to macro-economic conditions within management’s reasonable and supportable forecast. The ACL also includes subjective adjustments based upon qualitative risk factors including asset quality, loss trends, lending management, portfolio growth and loan review/internal audit results.

Net charge-offs on loans during the year ended December 31, 2022 were $1.8 million. The Company recorded an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $39.9 million during 2022, which included a Day 1 provision expense of $21.2 million for the non-PCD RCB and BOJH acquired loan portfolios and a $6.2 million credit allowance for Day 1 acquired PCD loans. The remainder of the provision expense during the year was driven by strong loan growth and higher reserve requirements from changes in the CECL model’s underlying macro-economic forecast.

Net charge-offs on loans during the year ended December 31, 2021 were $1.3 million. The Company recorded atotal provision release of $9.3 million during 2021, which included a provision release of $8.8 million for funded loans and a provision release of $0.5 million for unfunded loan commitments. Provision release was driven by strong asset quality and an improved outlook in the CECL model’s underlying economic forecast.

Net charge-offs on loans during the year ended December 31, 2020 were $2.7 million. The Company recorded total provision expense of $17.6 million during 2020, which included a provision expense of $17.5 million for funded loans and a provision expense of $0.1 million for unfunded loan commitments. Provision expense was recorded to provide coverage for the impact of deteriorating economic conditions as a result of COVID-19 and to support non-PPP originated loan growth.

The Company has elected to exclude AIR from the allowance for credit losses calculation. As of December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, AIR from loans totaled $15.7$31.8 million and $16.7$15.7 million, respectively.

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Note 89 Leases

Right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets totaled $19.7$33.6 million and $25.4$19.7 million as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and were included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The related lease liabilities totaled $20.3$36.5 million and $26.0$20.3 million as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and were included in other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company recorded $5.1 million and $4.2 million of lease assets/liabilities related to the acquisitions of RCB and BOJH, respectively.

The Company has operating leases for banking centers, corporate offices and ATM locations, with remaining lease terms ranging from one year to ten19 years. The Company only included reasonably certain renewal options in the lease terms. The weighted-average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 4.77.7 years and 5.44.7 years at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the weighted-average discount raterates were 3.25%2.96% and 3.36%3.25%, respectively, utilizing the Company’s incremental FHLB borrowing rate for borrowings of a similar term at the date of lease commencement.

Rent expense totaled $5.1$5.2 million and $5.7$5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, and was recorded within occupancy and equipment in the consolidated statements of operations. Lease payments do not include non-lease components such as real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance.

Below is a summary of undiscounted future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2021:2022:

Years ending December 31,

Amount

Amount

2022

$

4,511

2023

 

4,171

$

6,219

2024

 

3,741

 

6,016

2025

 

2,985

 

4,709

2026

 

1,967

 

3,390

2027

 

3,097

Thereafter

 

10,174

 

21,663

Total lease payments

27,549

45,094

Less: Imputed interest

(7,296)

(8,580)

Present value of operating lease liabilities

$

20,253

$

36,514

Note 910 Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

Land

$

30,556

$

33,149

$

40,245

$

30,556

Buildings and improvements

 

86,201

 

92,463

 

112,188

 

86,201

Equipment

 

63,553

 

60,205

 

84,852

 

63,553

Total premises and equipment, at cost

 

180,310

 

185,817

 

237,285

 

180,310

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

(83,563)

 

(78,835)

 

(101,174)

 

(83,563)

Premises and equipment, net

$

96,747

$

106,982

$

136,111

$

96,747

The Company recorded $8.4 million, $7.3 million $8.1 million and $8.2$8.1 million of depreciation expense during 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively, as a component of occupancy and equipment expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company disposed of $7.0 million, $13.7 million $3.6 million and $0.0$3.6 million of premises and equipment, net, during 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively. The company recorded gains on sale of premises and equipment totaling $3.8$1.7 million and $0.3$3.8 million during the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, within other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. During 2022, the Company had no impairment related to premises and equipment. During 2021, the Company recognized $1.6 million of impairment in its consolidated statements of operations related to premises and equipment classified as held-for-sale totaling $6.0 million at the time of impairment. During 2020, the Company recognized $1.6 million of impairments included in non-interest expense in its consolidated statements of operations from the consolidation of 12 banking centers classified as held-for-sale totaling $8.0 million.

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Note 1011 Other Real Estate Owned

A summary of the activity in OREO during 20212022 and 20202021 is as follows:

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

2021

2020

2022

2021

Beginning balance

$

4,730

    

$

7,300

$

7,005

    

$

4,730

Transfers from loan portfolio, at fair value

 

4,516

 

1,533

 

147

 

4,516

Impairments

 

(799)

 

(470)

 

(505)

 

(799)

Sales

 

(1,442)

 

(3,633)

 

(2,916)

 

(1,442)

Ending balance

$

7,005

$

4,730

$

3,731

$

7,005

During the year ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company sold OREO properties with net book balances of $1.4$2.9 million and $3.6$1.4 million, respectively. Sales of OREO properties resulted in net OREO gains of $475 thousand$0.6 million and $38 thousand$0.5 million which were included within gain on OREO sales, net in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, impairments included $279 thousand recorded within problem asset workout in the consolidated statements of operations and 2020, respectively.$226 thousand included within other liabilities in the statements of financial condition to reduce the payable for an SBA redemption agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2021, impairments totaled $0.8 million recorded within problem asset workout in the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 1112 Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill, and core deposit intangibleand wealth management intangibles

In connection with our eight acquisitions to date, the Company has recorded goodwill of $279.1 million. The Company recorded goodwill of $115.0$52.9 million, a core deposit intangible of $13.3 million, and an SBA servicing asset of $3.1 million related to the acquisition of RCB. The BOJH acquisition added goodwill of $111.3 million, a core deposit intangible of $29.4 million and a wealth management intangible of $1.3 million. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired. NaNNo goodwill impairment was recorded during the years ended December 31, 20212022 or December 31, 2020.2021.

The gross carrying amount of the core deposit and wealth management intangibles and the associated accumulated amortization at December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, are presented as follows:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Gross

Net

Gross

Net

Gross

Net

Gross

Net

carrying

Accumulated

carrying

carrying

Accumulated

carrying

carrying

Accumulated

carrying

carrying

Accumulated

carrying

amount

amortization

amount

amount

amortization

amount

amount

amortization

amount

amount

amortization

amount

Core deposit intangible

$

48,834

    

$

(42,469)

$

6,365

$

48,834

    

$

(41,286)

$

7,548

    

$

91,566

    

$

(44,775)

$

46,791

$

48,834

    

$

(42,469)

$

6,365

Wealth management intangible

 

1,300

 

(32)

 

1,268

 

 

 

Total

$

92,866

$

(44,807)

$

48,059

$

48,834

$

(42,469)

$

6,365

The Company is amortizing the core deposit and wealth management intangibles from acquisitions on a straight line basis over 7-1010 years from the date of the respective acquisition,acquisitions, which represents the expected useful life of the assets. The Company recognized core deposit intangible amortization expense of $2.3 million, $1.2 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019.2020.

The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense for the core deposit intangibles as of December 31, 2021:

Years ending December 31,

Amount

2022

$

1,127

2023

1,048

2024

1,048

2025

1,048

2026

1,048

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The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense during the next five years for the core deposit intangible as of December 31, 2022:

Years ending December 31,

Amount

2023

$

5,321

2024

5,321

2025

5,321

2026

5,321

2027

5,321

The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense during the next five years for the wealth management intangible as of December 31, 2022:

Years ending December 31,

Amount

2023

$

130

2024

130

2025

130

2026

130

2027

130

Mortgage servicing rights

MSRs represent rights to service loans originated by the Company and sold to government-sponsored enterprises including FHLMC, FNMA, GNMA and FHLB and are included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Mortgage loans serviced for others were $1.0 billion at December 31, 2022 and $0.7 billion at December 31, 2021 and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2020.2021.

Below are the changes in the MSRs for the years presented:

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

2021

2020

2022

2021

Beginning balance

$

10,380

    

$

2,630

$

5,957

    

$

10,380

Originations

7,881

10,354

4,187

7,881

Sales

 

(10,499)

 

 

 

(10,499)

Recovery (impairment)

740

(751)

(Impairment) recovery

(60)

740

Amortization

 

(2,545)

 

(1,853)

 

(922)

 

(2,545)

Ending balance

5,957

10,380

9,162

5,957

Fair value of mortgage servicing rights

$

7,729

$

11,542

$

13,622

$

7,729

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold rights to service loans totaling $1.3 billion in unpaid principal balances from our mortgage servicing rights portfolio as a strategic move to reduce the risk associated with mortgage servicing. As a result of the sale, the book value of our mortgage servicing right intangible decreased $10.5 million and generated a gain of $1.3 million included in mortgage banking income in the consolidated statements of operations.

The fair value of MSRs was determined based upon a discounted cash flow analysis. The cash flow analysis included assumptions for discount rates and prepayment speeds. The discount rate was 10.0%, and the constant prepayment speed ranged from 7.6% to 8.2% for the December 31, 2022 valuation. Discount rates ranged from 9.5% to 10.0%, and the constant prepayment speed ranged from 9.3% to 14.5% for the December 31, 2021 valuation. Discount rates ranged from 9.5% to 10.5%, and the constant prepayment speed ranged from 15.4% to 21.3% for the December 31, 2020 valuation. Included in mortgage banking income in the consolidated statements of operations was servicing income of $3.5$2.8 million and $1.7$3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

MSRs are evaluated and impairment is recognized to the extent fair value is less than the carrying amount. The Company evaluates impairment by stratifying MSRs based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans, including

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loan type and loan term. The Company is amortizing the MSRs in proportion to and over the period of the estimated net servicing income of the underlying loans.

The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense during the next five years for the MSRs as of December 31, 2021:2022:

Years ending December 31,

Amount

Amount

2022

$

813

2023

702

$

1,097

2024

606

967

2025

524

852

2026

453

750

2027

661

SBA servicing assets

In connection with the RCB acquisition, the Company added an SBA servicing right asset of $3.1 million. The servicing asset represents the value associated with servicing small business real estate loans that have been sold to outside investors with servicing retained. SBA loan servicing assets are amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan servicing asset. The Company serviced $125.7 million of SBA loans, as of December 31, 2022. Since the acquisition date, the Company recognized SBA servicing asset fee income of $0.2 million.

Below are the changes in the SBA servicing assets for the years presented:

For the years ended December 31, 

2022

Beginning balance

$

Acquired through acquisition

3,126

Originations

9

Disposals

 

(139)

Amortization

 

(99)

Fair market value adjustment

(231)

Ending balance

2,666

Fair value of small business administration servicing rights

$

2,666

The Company uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of SBA loan servicing rights. These assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rates, and other assumptions. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. The key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Company’s SBA loan servicing rights included a weighted average lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 12.36%, and a weighted average discount rate equal to 15.24%.

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Note 1213 Deposits

Total deposits were $6.2$7.9 billion and $5.7$6.2 billion at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Time deposits were $0.8$0.9 billion and $1.0$0.8 billion at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The following table summarizes the Company’s time deposits by remaining contractual maturity:

Years ending December 31,

Amount

Amount

2022

$

555,361

2023

197,026

$

469,817

2024

50,617

273,278

2025

27,882

101,593

2026

 

2,445

23,059

2027

 

4,764

Thereafter

 

585

 

889

Total time deposits

$

833,916

$

873,400

The Company incurred interest expense on deposits as follows during the years indicated:

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Interest bearing demand deposits

$

1,088

$

1,921

$

1,514

$

2,163

$

1,088

$

1,921

Money market accounts

 

3,995

 

5,342

 

9,046

 

5,808

 

3,995

 

5,342

Savings accounts

 

1,157

 

1,342

 

2,717

 

1,376

 

1,157

 

1,342

Time deposits

 

7,362

 

15,024

 

16,526

 

5,249

 

7,362

 

15,024

Total

$

13,602

$

23,629

$

29,803

$

14,596

$

13,602

$

23,629

The Federal Reserve System requires cash balances to be maintained at the FRB based on certain deposit levels. There was 0no minimum reserve requirement for the BankBanks at December 31, 2021.2022.

Note 1314 Borrowings

Borrowings consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, subordinatedlong-term debt and FHLB advances.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

The following table sets forth selected information regarding repurchase agreements during 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019:2020:

As of and for the years ended December 31,

As of and for the years ended December 31,

2021

    

2020

    

2019

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Maximum amount of outstanding agreements at any month end during the period

$

23,574

$

54,489

$

68,600

$

25,342

$

23,574

$

54,489

Average amount outstanding during the period

20,338

30,355

60,445

21,298

20,338

30,355

Weighted average interest rate for the period

 

0.11%

 

0.45%

 

1.11%

 

0.20%

 

0.11%

 

0.45%

The Company enters into repurchase agreements to facilitate the needs of its clients. As of December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, the Company sold securities under agreements to repurchase totaling $20.2 million, $22.8 million $22.9 million and $56.9$22.9 million, respectively. The Company pledged mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of approximately $32.0 million, $28.8 million $27.7 million and $65.6$27.7 million, as of December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively, for these agreements. The Company monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis and may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. As of December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, the Company had $6.111.8 million, $2.1$6.1 million and $7.0$2.1 million, respectively, of excess collateral pledged for repurchase agreements.

The vast majority of the Company’s repurchase agreements are overnight transactions with clients that mature the day after the transaction. At December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, NaNnone of the Company’s repurchase agreements were for periods longer than one day. The repurchase agreements are subject to a master netting arrangement; however, the Company has not offset any of the amounts shown in the consolidated financial statements.

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Long-term debt

During the fourth quarter of 2021, theThe Company entered intoholds a subordinated note purchase agreement to issue and sell a fixed-to-floating rate note totaling $40.0 million. The balance on the note at December 31, 2021,2022, net of long-term debt issuance costs totaling $0.5 million, totaled $39.5 million. Interest expense totaling $183.3 thousand$1.3 million was recorded within other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial conditionoperations during the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.

The note is subordinated, unsecured and matures on November 15, 2031. Payments consist of interest only. Beginning November 15, 2021,Interest expense on the note will initially beis payable semi-annually in arrears and will bear interest at 3.00% per annum until November 15, 2026 (or any earlier redemption date). From November 15, 2026 until November 15, 2031 (or any earlier redemption date) payments will be made quarterly in arrears, and the interest rate shall reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month term SOFR plus 203 basis points. The Company intends to usedeployed the net proceeds from the sale of the note for general corporate purposes. Prior to November 5, 2026, the Company may redeem the note only under certain limited circumstances. Beginning on November 5, 2026 through maturity, the note may be redeemed, at the Company’s option, on any scheduled interest payment date. Any redemption by the Company would be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the note being redeemed, together with any accrued and unpaid interest on the note being redeemed up to but excluding the date of redemption. The note is not subject to redemption at the option of the holder.

As part of the acquisition of BOJH on October 1, 2022, the Company assumed three subordinated note purchase agreements to issue and sell fixed-to-floating rate notes totaling $15.0 million. The balance on the notes at December 31, 2022, net of the fair value adjustment from the acquisition totaling $0.6 million, totaled $14.4 million. Interest expense related to the notes totaling $0.2 million was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The three notes, containing similar terms, are subordinated, unsecured and mature on June 15, 2031. Payments consist of interest only. Interest expense on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears and will bear interest at 3.75% per annum until June 15, 2026 (or any earlier redemption date). From June 15, 2026 until June 15, 2031 (or any earlier redemption date) payments will be made quarterly in arrears, and the interest rate shall reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month term SOFR plus 306 basis points. Prior to June 15, 2026, the Company may redeem the notes only under certain limited circumstances. Beginning on June 15, 2026 through maturity, the notes may be redeemed, at the Company’s option, on any scheduled interest payment date. Any redemption by the Company would be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed, together with any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes being redeemed up to but excluding the date of redemption. The notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holder.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

As a member of the FHLB, the Bank hasBanks have access to a line of credit and term financing from the FHLB with total available credit of $0.9$1.1 billion at December 31, 2021.2022. The Banks may utilize the FHLB line of credit as a funding mechanism for originated loans and loans held for sale. At December 31, 2022, the Banks had $385.0 million of outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the BankBanks had 0no outstanding borrowings from the FHLB. At December 31, 2019, the Bank had $192.7 million in line of credit advances from the FHLB that matured within a day. At December 31, 2019, the Bank had $15.0 million in term advances from the FHLB with fixed interest rates between 1.55% - 2.33% and maturity dates of 2020 - 2021.

The BankBanks may havepledge investment securities and loans pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. There were 0no investment securities pledged at December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020. At December 31, 2019, investment securities pledged were $17.6 million. Loans pledged were $2.0 billion, $1.3 billion $1.2 billion and $1.5$1.2 billion at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. There was 0The Company incurred $1.7 million of interest expense related to FHLB advances and other short-term borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1.3 million and $6.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.2022.

Note 1415 Regulatory Capital

As a bank holding company that has elected to be treated as a financial holding company, the Company, and NBH Bank isand the Bank of Jackson Hole Trust are subject to regulatory capital adequacy requirements implemented by the Federal Reserve, including maintaining capital positions at the “well-capitalized” level. The federal banking agencies have risk-based capital adequacy regulations intended to provide a measure of capital adequacy that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations. Under these regulations, assets are assigned to one of several risk categories, and nominal dollar amounts of assets and credit equivalent amounts of off-balance-sheet items are multiplied by a risk-adjustment percentage for the category.

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Table of Contents

dollar amounts of assets and credit equivalent amounts of off-balance-sheet items are multiplied by a risk-adjustment percentage for the category.

Under the Basel III requirements, at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company and the BankBanks met all capital requirements, including the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. The Company and Bankthe Banks had regulatory capital ratios in excess of the levels established for well-capitalized institutions, as detailed in the tables below:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Required to be

Required to be

Required to be

Required to be

well capitalized under

considered

well capitalized under

considered

prompt corrective

adequately

prompt corrective

adequately

Actual

action provisions

 capitalized(1)

Actual

action provisions

 capitalized(1)

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

Tier 1 leverage ratio:

Consolidated

 

10.4%

$

731,087

 

N/A

N/A

 

4.0%

$

281,463

 

9.3%

$

857,403

 

N/A

N/A

 

4.0%

$

369,335

NBH Bank

 

9.1%

 

637,115

 

5.0%

$

350,584

 

4.0%

 

280,467

 

8.6%

 

788,462

 

5.0%

$

458,593

 

4.0%

 

366,874

Bank of Jackson Hole Trust

 

31.0%

11,238

5.0%

1,373

4.0%

1,099

Common equity tier 1 risk based capital:

Consolidated

14.3%

$

731,087

N/A

N/A

7.0%

$

358,813

10.5%

$

857,403

N/A

N/A

7.0%

$

574,339

NBH Bank

12.5%

637,115

6.5%

$

331,427

7.0%

356,921

9.7%

788,462

6.5%

$

528,334

7.0%

568,975

Bank of Jackson Hole Trust

 

71.6%

11,238

6.5%

1,020

7.0%

1,098

Tier 1 risk based capital ratio:

Consolidated

 

14.3%

$

731,087

 

N/A

N/A

 

8.5%

$

435,701

 

10.5%

$

857,403

 

N/A

N/A

 

8.5%

$

697,412

NBH Bank

 

12.5%

 

637,115

 

8.0%

$

407,910

 

8.5%

 

433,404

 

9.7%

 

788,462

 

8.0%

$

650,257

 

8.5%

 

690,898

Bank of Jackson Hole Trust

 

71.6%

11,238

8.0%

1,255

8.5%

1,333

Total risk based capital ratio:

Consolidated

 

15.9%

$

816,117

 

N/A

N/A

 

10.5%

$

538,219

 

12.2%

$

1,000,398

 

N/A

N/A

 

10.5%

$

861,509

NBH Bank

 

13.4%

 

682,145

 

10.0%

$

509,888

 

10.5%

 

535,382

 

10.8%

 

876,458

 

10.0%

$

812,821

 

10.5%

 

853,462

Bank of Jackson Hole Trust

 

71.6%

11,238

10.0%

1,569

10.5%

1,647

December 31, 2020

Required to be

Required to be

well capitalized under

considered

prompt corrective

 adequately

Actual

action provisions

 capitalized(1)

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

Tier 1 leverage ratio:

Consolidated

 

10.7%

$

696,311

 

N/A

N/A

 

4.0%

$

260,370

NBH Bank

 

9.2%

 

600,622

 

5.0%

$

325,447

 

4.0%

 

260,358

Common equity tier 1 risk based capital:

Consolidated

14.7%

$

696,311

N/A

N/A

7.0%

$

331,632

NBH Bank

12.7%

600,622

6.5%

$

307,631

7.0%

331,295

Tier 1 risk based capital ratio:

Consolidated

 

14.7%

$

696,311

 

N/A

N/A

 

8.5%

$

402,696

NBH Bank

 

12.7%

 

600,622

 

8.0%

$

378,623

 

8.5%

 

402,287

Total risk based capital ratio:

Consolidated

 

15.8%

$

749,899

 

N/A

N/A

 

10.5%

$

497,448

NBH Bank

 

13.8%

 

654,209

 

10.0%

$

473,279

 

10.5%

 

496,943

December 31, 2021

Required to be

Required to be

well capitalized under

considered

prompt corrective

 adequately

Actual

action provisions

 capitalized(1)

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

Tier 1 leverage ratio:

Consolidated

 

10.4%

$

731,087

 

N/A

N/A

 

4.0%

$

281,463

NBH Bank

 

9.1%

 

637,115

 

5.0%

$

350,584

 

4.0%

 

280,467

Common equity tier 1 risk based capital:

Consolidated

14.3%

$

731,087

N/A

N/A

7.0%

$

358,813

NBH Bank

12.5%

637,115

6.5%

$

331,427

7.0%

356,921

Tier 1 risk based capital ratio:

Consolidated

 

14.3%

$

731,087

 

N/A

N/A

 

8.5%

$

435,701

NBH Bank

 

12.5%

 

637,115

 

8.0%

$

407,910

 

8.5%

 

433,404

Total risk based capital ratio:

Consolidated

 

15.9%

$

816,117

 

N/A

N/A

 

10.5%

$

538,219

NBH Bank

 

13.4%

 

682,145

 

10.0%

$

509,888

 

10.5%

 

535,382

(1)

    

Includes the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%.

Note 1516 Revenue from Contracts with Clients

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with clients are satisfied. Below is the detail of the Company’s revenue from contracts with clients.

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Service charges and other fees

Service charge fees are primarily comprised of monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. Other fees include revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay service, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account-related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to clients’ accounts.

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Bank card fees

Bank card fees are primarily comprised of debit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other fees. Debit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Bank cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit card transactions. The Company’s performance obligation for bank card fees are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

Trust and wealth management fees

The trust and wealth management team operates as a fiduciary, offering separately managed investment account solutions and trustee services to clients. Services may include custody of securities, trust investments and wealth management services, directed trusts or fixed income portfolio management and irrevocable life insurance trusts. The Company charges an asset-based fee earned for personal and corporate accounts. Additional fees may include minimum annual fees, fees for additional tax reporting and preparation for irrevocable trust returns or annual flat fees for certain trusts. The performance obligations related to this revenue include items such as performing investment advisory services, custody and record-keeping services, and fund administrative and accounting services. The performance obligations are satisfied upon completion of service and fees are generally a fixed flat rate or based on a percentage of the account’s market value per the contract with the client. These fees are recorded within other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Gain on OREO sales, net

Gain on OREO sales, net is recognized when the Company meets its performance obligation to transfer title to the buyer. The gain or loss is measured as the excess of the proceeds received compared to the OREO carrying value. Sales proceeds are received in cash at the time of transfer.

The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, and non-interest expense in-scope of Topic 606 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019.2020.

For the years ended December 31,

For the years ended December 31,

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Non-interest income

In-scope of Topic 606:

Service charges and other fees

$

18,066

$

16,913

$

19,720

$

18,772

$

18,066

$

16,913

Bank card fees

17,693

15,446

14,595

18,299

17,693

15,446

Trust and wealth management services

583

Non-interest income (in-scope of Topic 606)

35,759

32,359

34,315

37,654

35,759

32,359

Non-interest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)

69,975

107,899

48,437

29,658

74,605

107,899

Total non-interest income

$

105,734

$

140,258

$

82,752

$

67,312

$

110,364

$

140,258

Non-interest expense

In-scope of Topic 606:

Gain on OREO sales, net

$

475

$

38

 

7,193

$

648

$

475

 

38

Total revenue in-scope of Topic 606

$

36,234

$

32,397

$

41,508

$

38,302

$

36,234

$

32,397

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Table of Contents

Contract acquisition costs

The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to expense immediately contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. The Company has not capitalized any contract acquisition costs.

Note 1617 Stock-based Compensation and Benefits

The Company provides stock-based compensation in accordance with shareholder-approved plans. In 2014, shareholders approved the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"). The 2014 Plan replaces the NBH Holdings Corp. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Prior Plan"), pursuant to which the Company granted equity awards prior to the approval of the 2014 Plan. Pursuant to the 2014 Plan, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has the authority to grant, from time to time, awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, other stock-based awards, or any combination thereof to eligible persons.

As of December 31, 2021,2022, the aggregate number of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2014 Plan is 4,048,7613,608,461 shares. Any shares that are subject to stock options or stock appreciation rights under the 2014 Plan will be counted against the amount available for issuance as one share for every 1one share granted, and any shares that are subject to awards under the 2014 Plan other than stock options or stock appreciation rights will be counted against the amount available for issuance as 3.25 shares for every one share granted. The 2014 Plan provides for recycling of shares from both the Prior Plan and the 2014 Plan, the terms of which are further described in the Company's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Upon an option exercise, it is the Company’s policy to issue shares from treasury stock.

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To date, the Company has issued stock options, restricted stock and performance stock units under the plans. The Compensation Committee sets the option exercise price at the time of grant, but in no case is the exercise price less than the fair market value of a share of stock at the date of grant.

Stock options

The Company issues stock options, which are primarily time-vesting with 1/3 vesting on each of the first, second and third anniversary of the date of grant or date of hire. The expense associated with the awarded stock options was measured at fair value using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The outstanding option awards vest or have vested on a graded basis over 1-4 years of continuous service and have 10-year contractual terms.

Below are the weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine fair value of the Company’s stock options granted in 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019:2020:

2021

    

2020

    

2019

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Weighted average fair value

$

9.65

$

3.37

$

6.31

$

11.14

$

9.65

$

3.37

Weighted average risk-free interest rate (1)

1.14%

0.44%

2.35%

2.69%

1.14%

0.44%

Expected volatility (2)

 

30.54%

25.08%

20.56%

 

31.16%

30.54%

25.08%

Expected term (years) (3)

 

6.04

6.04

6.05

 

6.04

6.04

6.04

Dividend yield (4)

 

2.09%

3.44%

2.00%

 

2.24%

2.09%

3.44%

(1)

    

The risk-free rate for the expected term of the options was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve at the date of grant and based on the expected term.

(2)

    

Expected volatility was calculated using historical volatility of the Company’s stock price for a period commensurate with the expected term of the options. For periods prior to the third quarter of 2018, expected volatility was calculated using a historical volatility of the Company’s stock price coupled with those of a peer group of eight comparable publicly traded companies for a period commensurate with the expected term of the options.

(3)

    

The expected term was estimated to be the average of the contractual vesting term and time to expiration.

(4)

    

The dividend yield was calculated in accordance with the Company’s dividend policy at the time of grant.

The Company issued stock options in accordance with the 2014 Plan during 2021. The following table summarizes stock option activity for 2021:

    

    

    

Weighted

    

average

Weighted

remaining

average

contractual

Aggregate

exercise 

 term in 

intrinsic 

Options

price

years

value

Outstanding at December 31, 2020

 

768,129

$

26.35

 

6.91

$

5,224

Granted

 

82,587

 

40.18

Exercised

(128,551)

25.00

Forfeited

 

(26,205)

 

27.80

Outstanding at December 31, 2021

 

695,960

28.19

 

6.57

$

10,964

Options exercisable at December 31, 2021

 

440,806

26.94

 

5.49

7,492

Options vested and expected to vest

 

677,858

28.07

 

6.51

10,756

Stock option expense is a component of salaries and benefits in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $0.9 million, $1.0 million and $0.7 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2021, there was $0.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the plans. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.

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The Company issued stock options in accordance with the 2014 Plan during 2022. The following table summarizes stock option activity for 2022:

    

    

    

Weighted

    

average

Weighted

remaining

average

contractual

Aggregate

exercise 

 term in 

intrinsic 

Options

price

years

value

Outstanding at December 31, 2021

 

695,960

$

28.19

 

6.57

$

10,964

Granted

 

82,226

 

41.37

Exercised

(48,666)

26.09

Forfeited

 

(12,432)

 

31.38

Outstanding at December 31, 2022

 

717,088

29.79

 

5.98

8,850

Options exercisable at December 31, 2022

 

520,217

27.76

 

5.08

7,447

Options vested and expected to vest

 

702,485

29.58

 

5.92

8,805

Stock option expense is a component of salaries and benefits in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $0.7 million, $0.9 million and $1.0 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2022, there was $0.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the plans. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding stock options:

Options outstanding

Options exercisable

Options outstanding

Options exercisable

    

    

Weighted average

    

    

    

    

    

Weighted average

    

    

    

Number

 remaining contractual

Weighted average

Number

Weighted average

Number

 remaining contractual

Weighted average

Number

Weighted average

Range of exercise price

Range of exercise price

outstanding

 life (years)

 exercise price

exercisable

exercise price

Range of exercise price

outstanding

 life (years)

 exercise price

exercisable

exercise price

$

18.00

-

22.99

 

159,208

 

3.35

$

19.22

 

159,208

$

19.22

18.00

-

22.99

 

144,571

 

2.39

$

19.23

 

144,571

$

19.23

23.00

-

27.99

 

193,046

 

8.24

23.13

 

60,728

23.14

23.00

-

27.99

 

170,521

 

7.24

23.13

 

107,363

23.14

28.00

-

32.99

89,409

6.25

32.56

87,455

32.62

28.00

-

32.99

85,776

5.21

32.60

84,798

32.64

33.00

-

37.99

172,080

6.57

34.14

132,133

34.12

33.00

-

37.99

160,537

5.56

34.13

159,040

34.11

38.00

and above

 

82,217

 

9.22

40.24

 

1,282

40.51

38.00

and above

 

155,683

 

8.80

40.85

 

24,445

40.24

Restricted stock awards

The Company issues primarily time-based restricted stock awards that vest over a range of a 1 - 3 year period. Restricted stock with time-based vesting was valued at the fair value of the shares on the date of grant as they are assumed to be held beyond the vesting period.

Performance stock units

During the years ended December 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, the Company granted 51,931, 52,526, 68,498, and 60,78168,498 performance stock units in accordance with the 2014 Plan, respectively. The Company grants performance stock units which represent initial target awards and do not reflect potential increases or decreases resulting from the final performance results, which are to be determined at the end of the three-year performance period (vesting date). The actual number of shares to be awarded at the end of the performance period will range from 0% - 150% of the initial target awards. For awards granted prior toin years other than 2020 and 2021, 60% of the award is based on the Company’s cumulative earnings per share (EPS target) during the performance period, and 40% of the award is based on the Company’s cumulative total shareholder return (TSR target), or TSR, during the performance period. On the vesting date, the Company’s TSR will be compared to the respective TSRs of the companies comprising the KBW Regional Index at the grant date to determine the shares awarded. The fair value of the EPS target portion of the award was determined based on the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the TSR target portion of the award was determined using a Monte Carlo Simulation at the grant date.

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In establishing the PSU components during 2021 and 2020, the Compensation Committee determined the EPS target portion of the award would not be an effective metric in light of economic uncertainty surrounding COVID-19. Consequently, the Compensation Committee granted an award based upon a relative return on tangible assets (“ROTA”). Annually, the Company’s ROTA is compared to the respective ROTA of companies comprising the KBW Regional Index. At the end of the measurement period, the Company’s ranking will be averaged to determine the shares awarded. The fair value of the relative ROTA award was determined based on the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

The weighted-average grant date fair value per unit for the relative ROTAawards granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 of the EPS target portion and the TSR target portion granted during 2021 was $40.16$40.83 and $33.11,$35.25, respectively. The initial weighted-average performance price for the TSR target portion granted during 20212022 was $33.04.$43.51. During 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company awarded an additional 30,02417,741 and 17,85230,024 units due to final performance results related to performance stock units granted in 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively.

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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes restricted stock and performance stock unit activity during 20212022 and 2020:2021:

    

    

Weighted

Weighted

    

    

Weighted

Weighted

 Restricted

average grant-

Performance

average grant-

 Restricted

average grant-

Performance

average grant-

stock shares

date fair value

stock units

date fair value

stock shares

date fair value

stock units

date fair value

Unvested at December 31, 2019

122,198

$

34.19

158,874

$

31.19

Granted

127,400

23.94

68,498

26.74

Adjustment due to performance

17,852

33.22

Vested

(69,444)

32.60

(53,540)

33.22

Forfeited

(13,524)

29.25

(6,847)

29.52

Unvested at December 31, 2020

166,630

$

27.42

184,837

$

29.21

166,630

$

27.42

184,837

$

29.21

Granted

89,351

39.99

52,526

37.01

89,351

39.99

52,526

37.01

Adjustment due to performance

30,024

30.38

30,024

30.38

Vested

(90,645)

29.78

(90,016)

30.38

(90,645)

29.78

(90,016)

30.38

Forfeited

(20,869)

29.54

(16,977)

28.96

(20,869)

29.54

(16,977)

28.96

Unvested at December 31, 2021

144,467

$

33.40

160,394

$

31.36

144,467

$

33.40

160,394

$

31.36

Granted

118,190

40.76

51,931

38.40

Adjustment due to performance

17,741

32.44

Vested

(84,898)

33.62

(67,875)

31.27

Forfeited

(12,622)

37.00

(6,334)

32.70

Unvested at December 31, 2022

165,137

$

38.28

155,857

$

33.81

As of December 31, 2021,2022, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested restricted stock awards and performance stock units totaled $2.3$3.3 million and $2.4$2.6 million, respectively, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.02.1 years and 1.81.7 years, respectively. Expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards totaled $3.4 million, $2.7 million and $2.5 million during 2022, 2021 and $2.2 million during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Expense related to non-vested performance stock units totaled $1.9 million, $2.0 million and $1.8 million during 2022, 2021 and $2.0 million during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards and units is a component of salaries and benefits in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Employee stock purchase plan

The 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) is intended to be a qualified plan within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions up to a limit of $25,000 per calendar year and 2,000 shares per offering period. The price an employee pays for shares is 90.0% of the fair market value of Company common stock on the last day of the offering period. The offering periods are the six-month periods commencing on March 1 and September 1 of each year and ending on August 31 and February 28 (or February 29 in the case of a leap year) of each year. There are no vesting or other restrictions on the stock purchased by employees under the ESPP. Under the ESPP, the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance totaled 400,000 shares, of which 281,896262,482 was available for issuance at December 31, 2021.2022.

Under the ESPP, employees purchased 19,414 shares and 20,980 shares during 2022 and 23,212 shares during 2021, and 2020, respectively.

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Table of Contents

Note 1718 Common Stock

The Company had 29,958,76437,608,519 and 30,634,29129,958,764 shares of Class A common stock outstanding at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Additionally, the Company had 144,467165,137 and 166,630144,467 shares outstanding at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, of restricted Class A common stock issued but not yet vested under the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan that are not included in shares outstanding until such time that they are vested; however, these shares do have voting and certain dividend rights during the vesting period.

On February 24, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new program to repurchase up to $75.0 million of the Company’s stock from time to time in either the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The new program of $75.0 million replaced the previously authorized $50.0 million stock repurchase program announced in February 2020 in its entirety. During 2021, the Company repurchased 912,213 shares for $36.4 million at a weighted average price per share of $39.88. The remaining authorization under the current program as of December 31, 20212022 was $38.6 million.

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Note 1819 Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates earnings per share under the two-class method, as certain non-vested share awards contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends. As such, these awards are considered securities that participate in the earnings of the Company. Non-vested shares are discussed further in note 16.17.

The Company had 29,958,76437,608,519 and 30,634,29129,958,764 shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, exclusive of issued non-vested restricted shares. Certain stock options and non-vested restricted shares are potentially dilutive securities, but are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019.2020.

The following table illustrates the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019:2020:

For the years ended December 31,

For the years ended December 31,

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

Less: income allocated to participating securities

 

(133)

 

(130)

 

(94)

 

(152)

 

(133)

 

(130)

Income allocated to common shareholders

$

93,473

$

88,461

$

80,271

$

71,122

$

93,473

$

88,461

Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share

 

30,727,566

 

30,857,086

 

31,175,825

 

32,360,005

 

30,727,566

 

30,857,086

Dilutive effect of equity awards

 

340,593

 

218,771

 

354,992

 

320,927

 

340,593

 

218,771

Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share

 

31,068,159

 

31,075,857

 

31,530,817

 

32,680,932

 

31,068,159

 

31,075,857

Basic earnings per share

$

3.04

$

2.87

$

2.57

$

2.20

$

3.04

$

2.87

Diluted earnings per share

3.01

2.85

2.55

2.18

3.01

2.85

The Company had 717,088, 695,960 768,129 and 657,114768,129 outstanding stock options to purchase common stock at weighted average exercise prices of $29.79, $28.19 $26.35 and $26.69$26.35 per share at December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively, which have time-vesting criteria, and as such, any dilution is derived only for the time frame in which the vesting criteria had been met and where the inclusion of those stock options is dilutive. The Company had 320,994, 304,861 351,467 and 281,072351,467 unvested restricted shares and performance stock units issued as of December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively, which have performance, market and/or time-vesting criteria, and as such, any dilution is derived only for the time frame in which the vesting criteria had been met and where the inclusion of those restricted shares and units is dilutive.

Note 1920 Income Taxes

Income tax expense attributable to income before taxes was $14.9 million, $21.4 million and $20.8 million for 2022, 2021 and $15.8 million for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Included in income tax expense was $0.3 million of tax benefit, $0.6 million of tax benefit and $51 thousand of tax expense and $2.2 million of tax benefit from stock compensation activity during 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, respectively.

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Table of Contents

(a) Income taxes

Total income taxes for 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 were allocated as follows:

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Current expense:

U.S. federal

$

13,746

$

16,460

$

8,947

$

7,193

$

13,746

$

16,460

State and local

 

2,643

 

3,255

 

2,280

 

1,831

 

2,643

 

3,255

Total current income tax expense

16,389

19,715

11,227

9,024

16,389

19,715

Deferred expense:

U.S. federal

4,327

560

4,115

5,100

4,327

560

State and local

 

649

 

531

 

487

 

786

 

649

 

531

Total deferred income tax expense

 

4,976

 

1,091

 

4,602

 

5,886

 

4,976

 

1,091

Income tax expense

$

21,365

$

20,806

$

15,829

$

14,910

$

21,365

$

20,806

(b) Tax Rate Reconciliation

The reconciliation between the income tax expenses and the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income is as follows:

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Income tax at federal statutory rates (21%)

$

24,144

$

22,974

$

20,201

$

18,098

$

24,144

$

22,974

State income taxes, net of federal benefits

 

2,601

 

2,991

 

2,186

 

2,067

 

2,601

 

2,991

Tax-exempt loan interest income

 

(4,862)

 

(4,628)

 

(4,354)

 

(5,208)

 

(4,862)

 

(4,628)

Bank-owned life insurance income

 

(603)

 

(575)

 

(475)

 

(374)

 

(603)

 

(575)

Stock-based compensation

 

(733)

 

43

 

(1,925)

 

(402)

 

(733)

 

43

Non-deductible compensation

852

388

253

514

852

388

Non-deductible acquisition costs

427

Other

 

(34)

 

(387)

 

(57)

 

(212)

 

(34)

 

(387)

Income tax expense

$

21,365

$

20,806

$

15,829

$

14,910

$

21,365

$

20,806

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(c) Significant Components of Deferred Taxes

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 are presented below:

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

Deferred tax assets:

Net unrealized losses on investment securities

$

26,938

$

2,169

Allowance for credit losses

 

20,967

 

11,806

Lease liability

8,549

4,811

Accrued compensation

 

4,535

 

4,355

Accrued stock-based compensation

 

1,742

 

1,384

Accrued expenses

 

942

 

316

Capitalized start-up costs

 

891

 

1,223

Other reserves

814

600

Nonaccrual interest income

812

556

Capitalized research and development costs

783

Excess tax basis of acquired loans over carrying value

$

679

$

966

625

679

Allowance for credit losses

 

11,806

 

14,154

Net operating loss

507

573

Other real estate owned

 

645

 

634

 

369

 

645

Accrued stock-based compensation

 

1,384

 

2,070

Accrued compensation

 

4,355

 

3,674

Capitalized start-up costs

 

1,223

 

1,540

Accrued expenses

 

316

 

532

Net deferred loan fees

 

1,021

 

1,015

 

 

1,021

Net operating loss

573

641

Lease liability

4,811

6,154

Net unrealized losses on investment securities

2,169

Other

 

1,791

 

2,025

 

1,087

 

635

Total deferred tax assets

30,773

33,405

69,561

30,773

Deferred tax liabilities:

Intangible assets

(4,822)

(2,563)

(9,943)

(4,822)

Net unrealized gains on investment securities

 

 

(3,033)

Right of use assets

(8,300)

(4,674)

Premises and equipment

 

(1,858)

 

(1,599)

 

(4,722)

 

(1,858)

Right of use assets

(4,674)

(6,015)

Prepaid expenses

(255)

(229)

Mortgage servicing rights

(1,415)

(2,458)

(2,769)

(1,415)

Excess book basis in partnerships

(989)

(47)

Net deferred loan costs

(383)

Other

 

(59)

 

(44)

 

(738)

 

(267)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(13,083)

 

(15,941)

 

(27,844)

 

(13,083)

Net deferred tax asset

$

17,690

$

17,464

$

41,717

$

17,690

At December 31, 2021,2022, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryovers (“NOLs”) of $2.2$1.9 million and $3.2$2.9 million, respectively, which are available to offset future taxable income. The federal NOLs expire in varying amounts through 2034, and the state NOLs expire in varying amounts between 2026 and 2034. While these NOLs are subject to certain restrictions on the amount that can be utilized per year, the Company does not expect any tax attribute carryovers to expire before they are utilized.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, if any (including the impact of available carryforward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. For the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, management believes a valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset is not necessary based on the current and future projected earnings of the Company. The Company has no ASC 740-10 unrecognized tax benefits recorded as of December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 and does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase within the next 12 months. The Company and its subsidiary bankbanks are subject to income tax by federal, state and local government taxing authorities. The Company is not currently subject to any open income tax examinations; however, the Company’s tax returns for the years ended December 31, 20182019 through 20212022 remain subject to examination by U.S. federal income tax authorities. The years open to examination by state and local government authorities vary by jurisdiction.

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Note 2021 Derivatives

Risk management objective of using derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company has established policies stipulating that neither carrying value nor fair value at risk should exceed established guidelines. The Company has designed strategies to confine these risks within the established limits and identify appropriate trade-offs in the financial structure of its balance sheet. These strategies include the use of derivative financial instruments to help achieve the desired balance sheet repricing structure while meeting the desired objectives of its clients. Currently the Company employs certain interest rate swaps that are designated as fair value hedges, as well ascash flow hedges and economic hedges. The Company manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Fair values of derivative instruments on the balance sheet

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020.

2021. Information about the valuation methods used to measure fair value is provided in note 22.23.

Asset derivatives fair value

Liability derivatives fair value

Asset derivatives fair value

Liability derivatives fair value

Balance Sheet

December 31, 

December 31, 

Balance Sheet

December 31, 

December 31, 

Balance Sheet

December 31, 

December 31, 

Balance Sheet

December 31, 

December 31, 

    

location

    

2021

    

2020

    

Location

    

2021

    

2020

    

location

    

2022

    

2021

    

Location

    

2022

    

2021

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate products

 

Other assets

$

477

$

 

Other liabilities

$

12,221

$

38,884

 

Other assets

$

34,164

$

477

 

Other liabilities

$

1,929

$

12,221

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments

$

477

$

$

12,221

$

38,884

$

34,164

$

477

$

1,929

$

12,221

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate products

 

Other assets

$

8,321

$

18,149

 

Other liabilities

$

8,329

$

18,176

 

Other assets

$

10,657

$

8,321

 

Other liabilities

$

10,660

$

8,329

Interest rate lock commitments

Other assets

1,792

7,001

Other liabilities

197

298

Other assets

197

1,792

Other liabilities

174

197

Forward contracts

Other assets

91

Other liabilities

266

2,622

Other assets

210

91

Other liabilities

104

266

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

$

10,204

$

25,150

$

8,792

$

21,096

$

11,064

$

10,204

$

10,938

$

8,792

Cash flow hedges

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses floors and collars as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate floors designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates fall below the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. Interest rate collars designated as cash flow hedges involve the payments of variable-rate amounts if interest rates rise above the cap strike rate on the contract and receipt of variable-rate amounts if interest rates fall below the floor strike rate on the contract. Beginning with the third quarter of 2022, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate loan assets.

For derivatives that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized over the life of the hedge on a systematic and rational basis. The earnings recognition of excluded components is included in interest income. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are received on the Company’s variable-rate assets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had cash flow hedges with a notional amount of $150.0 million. The Company expects to reclassify $1.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) as a reduction to interest income during the next 12 months.

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Fair value hedges

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $340.1 million that were designated as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps were associated with $482.7 million of the Company’s fixed-rate loans included in loans receivable in the statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2022, before a gain of $29.7 million from the fair value hedge adjustment in the carrying amount.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $343.1 million that were designated as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps were associated with $345.2 million of the Company’s fixed-rate loans included in loans receivable in the statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2021, beforeexcluding a gain of $16.1 million from the fair value hedge adjustment in the carrying amount.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $387.1 million that were designated as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps were associated with $389.9 million of the Company’s fixed-rate loans as of December 31, 2020, excluding a gain of $40.1 million from the fair value hedge adjustment in the carrying amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. The Company includes the gain or loss on the hedged items in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the related derivatives.

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Non-designated hedges

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and consist of interest rate swaps with commercial banking clients that facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the client swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had matched interest rate swap transactions with an aggregate notional amount of $383.0 million related to this program. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had matched interest rate swap transactions with an aggregate notional amount of $394.4 million related to this program. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had matched interest rate swap transactions with an aggregate notional amount of $456.0 million.

As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments, which are commitments to originate loans where the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the clients have locked into that interest rate. The Company then locks in the loan and interest rate with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs ("best efforts") or commits to deliver the locked loan in a binding ("mandatory") delivery program with an investor. Fair value changes of certain loans under interest rate lock commitments are hedged with forward sales contracts of MBS. Forward sales contracts of MBS are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in non-interest income. Interest rate lock commitments and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of interest rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of interest rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying assets. The fair value of the underlying assets is impacted by current interest rates, remaining origination fees, costs of production to be incurred, and the probability that the interest rate lock commitments will close or will be funded.

Certain additional risks arise from these forward delivery contracts in that the counterparties to the contracts may not be able to meet the terms of the contracts. The Company does not expect any counterparty to any MBS contract to fail to meet its obligation. Additional risks inherent in mandatory delivery programs include the risk that, if the Company fails to deliver the loans subject to interest rate risk lock commitments, it will still be obligated to “pair off” MBS to the counterparty. Should this be required, the Company could incur significant costs in acquiring replacement loans and such costs could have an adverse effect in the consolidated financial statements.

The fair value of the mortgage banking derivative is recorded as a freestanding asset or liability with the change in value being recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

The Company had interest rate lock commitments with a notional value of $110.0 million and forward contracts with a notional value of $198.3 million at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2020, the Company had interest rate lock commitments with a notional value of $258.8 million and forward contracts with a notional value of $375.3 million.

Effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for 2021 and 2020:

Location of gain (loss)

Amount of gain recognized in income on derivatives

Derivatives in fair value

recognized in income on

For the years ended December 31, 

hedging relationships

    

derivatives

    

2021

    

2020

Interest rate products

 

Interest and fees on loans

$

4,568

$

4,405

Location of gain (loss)

Amount of loss recognized in income on hedged items

recognized in income on

For the years ended December 31, 

Hedged items

    

hedged items

    

2021

    

2020

Interest rate products

 

Interest and fees on loans

$

(3,026)

 

$

(6,376)

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Location of gain (loss)

Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives

Derivatives not designated

recognized in income on

For the years ended December 31, 

as hedging instruments

    

derivatives

    

2021

    

2020

Interest rate products

 

Other non-interest expense

 

$

23

 

$

(7)

Interest rate lock commitments

Mortgage banking income

(6,852)

7,218

Forward contracts

Mortgage banking income

2,447

(2,339)

Total

 

$

(4,382)

 

$

4,872

The Company had interest rate lock commitments with a notional value of $35.5 million and forward contracts with a notional value of $45.0 million at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2021, the Company had interest rate lock commitments with a notional value of $110.0 million and forward contracts with a notional value of $198.3 million.

Effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and accumulated other comprehensive income

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations for 2022 and 2021:

Location of gain (loss)

Amount of gain recognized in income on derivatives

Derivatives in fair value

recognized in income on

For the years ended December 31, 

hedging relationships

    

derivatives

    

2022

    

2021

Interest rate products

 

Interest and fees on loans

$

44,266

$

20,040

Location of gain (loss)

Amount of loss recognized in income on hedged items

recognized in income on

For the years ended December 31, 

Hedged items

    

hedged items

    

2022

    

2021

Interest rate products

 

Interest and fees on loans

$

(46,708)

 

$

(19,602)

Location of gain (loss)

Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives

Derivatives not designated

recognized in income on

For the years ended December 31, 

as hedging instruments

    

derivatives

    

2022

    

2021

Interest rate products

 

Other non-interest expense

 

$

6

 

$

23

Interest rate lock commitments

Mortgage banking income

(2,405)

(6,852)

Forward contracts

Mortgage banking income

281

2,447

Total

 

$

(2,118)

 

$

(4,382)

The table below presents the effect of fair value cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI as of the dates presented. The Company did not utilize cash flow hedges until the third quarter of 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2022

Loss recognized in OCI on derivative

Loss recognized in OCI included component

Loss recognized in OCI excluded component

Location of Loss recognized from AOCI into income

Loss reclassified from AOCI into income

Loss reclassified from AOCI into income included component

Loss reclassified from AOCI into income excluded component

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:

Interest rate products

 

$

(2,245)

$

(2,192)

$

(53)

 

Interest income

$

(124)

$

(32)

$

(92)

Credit-risk-related contingent features

The Company has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness for reasons other than an error or omission of an administrative or operational nature, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

The Company also has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately capitalized institution, then the counterparty has the right to terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements.

As of December 31, 2021,2022, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements was $20.8$42.9 million, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and, as of December 31, 2021,2022, the Company had posted $21.6 million in eligible collateral.met these thresholds. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2021,2022, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value.

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Note 2122 Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various off-balance sheet commitments to help meet the financing needs of clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial and consumer lines of credit and standby letters of credit. The same credit policies are applied to these commitments as the loans in the consolidated statements of financial condition; however, these commitments involve varying degrees of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The total amounts of unused commitments do not necessarily represent future credit exposure or cash requirements, as commitments often expire without being drawn upon. However, the contractual amount of these commitments, offset by any additional collateral pledged, represents the Company’s potential credit loss exposure.

Total unfunded commitments at December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 were as follows:

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

Commitments to fund loans

$

462,151

$

311,237

$

1,124,942

$

462,151

Credit card lines of credit

 

7,167

 

Unfunded commitments under lines of credit

 

530,397

 

537,325

 

862,369

 

530,397

Commercial and standby letters of credit

 

7,321

 

7,320

 

13,859

 

7,321

Total unfunded commitments

$

999,869

$

855,882

$

2,008,337

$

999,869

Commitments to fund loans—Commitments to fund loans are legally binding agreements to lend to clients in accordance with predetermined contractual provisions providing there have been no violations of any conditions specified in the contract. These commitments are generally at variable interest rates and are for specific periods or contain termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. The total amounts of unused commitments are not necessarily representative of future credit exposure or cash requirements, as commitments often expire without being drawn upon.

Credit card lines of credit—The Company extends lines of credit to clients through the use of credit cards issued by NBH Bank. These lines of credit represent the maximum amounts allowed to be funded, many of which will not exhaust the established limits, and as such, these amounts are not necessarily representations of future cash requirements or credit exposure.

Unfunded commitments under lines of credit—In the ordinary course of business, the Company extends revolving credit to its clients. These arrangements may require the payment of a fee.

Commercial and standby letters of credit—As a provider of financial services, the Company routinely issues commercial and standby letters of credit, which may be financial standby letters of credit or performance standby letters of credit. These are

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various forms of “back-up” commitments to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. While these arrangements represent a potential cash outlay for the Company, the majority of these letters of credit will expire without being drawn upon. Letters of credit are subject to the same underwriting and credit approval process as traditional loans, and as such, many of them have various forms of collateral securing the commitment, which may include real estate, personal property, receivables or marketable securities.

Contingencies

Mortgage loans sold to investors may be subject to repurchase or indemnification in the event of specific default by the borrower or subsequent discovery that underwriting standards were not met. The Company established a reserve liability for expected losses related to these representations and warranties based upon management’s evaluation of actual and historic loss history, delinquency trends or other documentation or deficiency findings in the portfolio and economic conditions. Charges against the reserve during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 totaling $0.5$0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, were primarily driven by early payoffs. The Company recorded a repurchase reserve of $2.1$1.7 million and $2.7$2.1 million at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, which is included in other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

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The following table summarizes mortgage repurchase reserve activity for the periods presented:

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

2021

2020

2022

2021

Beginning balance

$

2,741

$

2,589

$

2,102

$

2,741

Provision (released from) charged to operating expense, net

(108)

662

Reserve related to acquisitions

181

Provision released from operating expense, net

(331)

(108)

Charge-offs

(531)

(510)

(227)

(531)

Ending balance

$

2,102

$

2,741

$

1,725

$

2,102

In the ordinary course of business, the Company and theNBH Bank may be subject to litigation. Based upon the available information and advice from the Company’s legal counsel, management does not believe that any potential, threatened or pending litigation to which it is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.

Note 2223 Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For disclosure purposes, the Company groups its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities into three different levels based on the nature of the instrument and the availability and reliability of the information that is used to determine fair value. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1—Includes assets or liabilities in which the valuation methodologies are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Includes assets or liabilities in which the inputs to the valuation methodologies are based on similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, and other inputs obtained from observable market input.

Level 3—Includes assets or liabilities in which the inputs to the valuation methodology are based on at least one significant assumption that is not observable in the marketplace. These valuations may rely on management’s judgment and may include internally-developed model-based valuation techniques.

Level 1 inputs are considered to be the most transparent and reliable and level 3 inputs are considered to be the least transparent and reliable. The Company assumes the use of the principal market to conduct a transaction of each particular asset or liability being measured and then considers the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the

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asset or liability. Whenever possible, the Company first looks for quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (level 1 inputs) to value each asset or liability. However, when inputs from identical assets or liabilities on active markets are not available, the Company utilizes market observable data for similar assets and liabilities. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and limits the use of unobservable inputs to occasions when observable inputs are not available. The need to use unobservable inputs generally results from the lack of market liquidity of the actual financial instrument or of the underlying collateral. While third party price indications may be available in those cases, limited trading activity can challenge the observability of those inputs.

Changes in the valuation inputs used for measuring the fair value of financial instruments may occur due to changes in current market conditions or other factors. Such changes may necessitate a transfer of the financial instruments to another level in the hierarchy based on the new inputs used. The Company recognizes these transfers at the end of the reporting period that the transfer occurs. During 20212022 and 2020,2021, there were 0no transfers of financial instruments between the hierarchy levels.

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The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of each instrument under the valuation hierarchy:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Measured on a Recurring Basis

Investment securities available-for-sale—Investment securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. To the extent possible, observable quoted prices in an active market are used to determine fair value and, as such, these securities are classified as level 1. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not hold any level 1 securities. When quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, discounted cash flows or other pricing characteristics are used to estimate fair values and the securities are then classified as level 2.

Loans held for sale—The Company has elected to record loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market at estimated fair value. The portfolio consists primarily of fixed rate residential mortgage loans that are sold within 45 days. The Company estimates fair value based on quoted market prices for similar loans in the secondary market and are classified as level 2.

Interest rate swap derivatives—The Company's derivative instruments are limited to interest rate swaps that may be accounted for as fair value hedges or non-designated hedges. The fair values of the swaps incorporate credit valuation adjustments in order to appropriately reflect nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. The credit valuation adjustment is the dollar amount of the fair value adjustment related to credit risk and utilizes a probability weighted calculation to quantify the potential loss over the life of the trade. The credit valuation adjustments are calculated by determining the total expected exposure of the derivatives (which incorporates both the current and potential future exposure) and then applying the respective counterparties’ credit spreads to the exposure offset by marketable collateral posted, if any. Certain derivative transactions are executed with counterparties who are large financial institutions ("dealers"). International Swaps and Derivative Association Master Agreements (“ISDA”) and Credit Support Annexes (“CSA”) are employed for all contracts with dealers. These contracts contain bilateral collateral arrangements. The fair value inputs of these financial instruments are determined using discounted cash flow analysis through the use of third-party models whose significant inputs are readily observable market parameters, primarily yield curves, with appropriate adjustments for liquidity and credit risk, and are classified as level 2.

Mortgage banking derivatives—The Company relies on a third-party pricing service to value its mortgage banking derivative financial assets and liabilities, which the Company classifies as a level 3 valuation. The external valuation model to estimate the fair value of its interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale includes grouping the interest rate lock commitments by interest rate and terms, applying an average 86.7%80.3% estimated pull-through rate based on historical experience, and then multiplying by quoted investor prices determined to be reasonably applicable to the loan commitment groups based on interest rate, terms, and rate lock expiration dates of the loan commitment groups. The Company also relies on an external valuation model to estimate the fair value of its forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans (i.e., an estimate of what the Company would receive or pay to terminate the forward delivery contract based on market prices for similar financial instruments), which includes matching specific terms and maturities of the forward commitments against applicable investor pricing.

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on market prices for similar financial instruments), which includes matching specific terms and maturities of the forward commitments against applicable investor pricing.

The tables below present the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, in the consolidated statements of financial condition utilizing the hierarchy structure described above:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Assets:

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

Investment securities available-for-sale:

U.S. Treasuries

$

71,388

$

$

$

71,388

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

$

227,696

$

$

227,696

226,131

226,131

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

 

461,334

 

 

461,334

 

 

405,926

 

 

405,926

Municipal securities

237

237

153

153

Corporate debt

 

2,111

 

 

2,111

 

1,920

 

 

1,920

Loans held for sale

 

 

139,142

 

 

139,142

 

 

22,767

 

 

22,767

Interest rate swap derivatives

 

 

8,798

 

 

8,798

 

 

44,821

 

 

44,821

Mortgage banking derivatives

1,883

1,883

407

407

Total assets at fair value

$

$

839,318

$

1,883

$

841,201

$

71,388

$

701,718

$

407

$

773,513

Liabilities:

Interest rate swap derivatives

$

$

20,550

$

$

20,550

$

$

12,589

$

$

12,589

Mortgage banking derivatives

463

463

278

278

Total liabilities at fair value

$

$

20,550

$

463

$

21,013

$

$

12,589

$

278

$

12,867

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

Assets:

Investment securities available-for-sale:

Mortgage-backed securities:

Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

$

$

196,334

$

$

196,334

$

$

227,696

$

$

227,696

Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises

 

 

462,779

 

 

462,779

 

 

461,334

 

 

461,334

Municipal securities

318

318

237

237

Corporate debt

1,998

1,998

2,111

2,111

Loans held for sale

 

 

247,813

 

 

247,813

 

 

139,142

 

 

139,142

Interest rate swap derivatives

 

 

18,149

 

 

18,149

 

 

8,798

 

 

8,798

Mortgage banking derivatives

7,001

7,001

1,883

1,883

Total assets at fair value

$

$

927,391

$

7,001

$

934,392

$

$

839,318

$

1,883

$

841,201

Liabilities:

Interest rate swap derivatives

$

$

57,060

$

$

57,060

$

$

20,550

$

$

20,550

Mortgage banking derivatives

2,920

2,920

463

463

Total liabilities at fair value

$

$

57,060

$

2,920

$

59,980

$

$

20,550

$

463

$

21,013

The table below details the changes in level 3 financial instruments during 2021:2022:

    

Mortgage banking

    

Mortgage banking

derivatives, net

derivatives, net

Balance at December 31, 2020

$

4,081

Balance at December 31, 2021

$

1,420

Loss included in earnings, net

(4,405)

(2,124)

Fees and costs included in earnings, net

 

1,744

 

833

Balance at December 31, 2021

$

1,420

Balance at December 31, 2022

$

129

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments Measured on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain assets may be recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis as conditions warrant. These non-recurring fair value measurements typically result from the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or a write-down occurring during the period.

Individually evaluated loans—The Company records individually evaluated loans based on the fair value of the collateral when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all contractual amounts due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. The Company relies on third-party appraisals and internal assessments, utilizing a discount rate in the range of 6%2% - 15%, with a weighted average discount rate of 8.3%8.0%, in determining the estimated fair values of these loans. The inputs used to determine the fair values of loans are considered level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. At December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a specific reserve of $5.3 million related to 13 loans with a carrying balance of $14.6 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a specific reserve of $1.6 million related to 6six loans with a carrying balance of $5.1 million. At December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a specific reserve of $1.9 million related to 7 loans with a carrying balance of $7.5 million.

OREO—OREO is recorded at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs using a range of 6% - 10% with a weighted average discount rate of 7.2%6.3%. The estimated fair values of OREO are updated periodically and further write-downs may be taken to reflect a new basis. The Company recognized $0.8$0.5 million and $0.5$0.8 million of OREO impairments in its consolidated statements of operations during 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, impairments included $0.2 million recorded within problem asset workout in the consolidated statements of operations and 2020, respectively.$0.2 million included within other liabilities in the statements of financial condition to reduce the payable for an SBA redemption agreement. The fair values of OREO are derived from third party price opinions or appraisals that generally use an income approach or a market value approach. If reasonable comparable appraisals are not available, then the Company may use internally developed models to determine fair values. The inputs used to determine the fair value of OREO properties are considered level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Mortgage servicing rights—MSRs represent the value associated with servicing residential real estate loans that have been sold to outside investors with servicing retained. The fair value for servicing assets is determined through discounted cash flow analysis and utilizes a discount rate of 10.0% with a weighted average discount rate of 10.0% at December 31, 2022 and a prepayment speed assumption range from 7.6% to 8.2% with a weighted average rate of 7.7% at December 31, 2022 as inputs. At December 31, 2021, discount rates rangingranged from 9.5% to 10.0% with a weighted average discount rate of 9.5% at December 31, 2021 and a prepayment speed assumption range from 9.3% to 14.5% with a weighted average rate of 9.4% at December 31, 2021 as inputs. At December 31, 2020, discount rates ranged from 9.5% to 10.5% with a weighted average discount rate of 9.5% and prepayment speed assumption range from 15.4% to 21.3% with a weighted average rate of 15.8%. The weighted average MSRs are subject to impairment testing. The carrying values of these MSRs are reviewed quarterly for impairment based upon the calculation of fair value. For purposes of measuring impairment, the MSRs are stratified into certain risk characteristics including note type and note term. If the valuation model reflects a value less than the carrying value, MSRs are adjusted to fair value through a valuation allowance and the adjustment is included in mortgage banking income in the consolidated statements of operations. There was $0.1 million of impairment on MSRs during 2022, compared to $0.7 million of recovery on MSRs during 2021 compared to $0.8 million of impairment during 2020.. The inputs used to determine the fair values of MSRs are considered level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

SBA servicing rights—SBA loan servicing assets represent the value associated with servicing small business real estate loans that have been sold to outside investors with servicing retained. The fair value for servicing assets is determined through a discounted cash flow analysis and utilizes a weighted average discount rate of 15.2% and a weighted average lifetime constant prepayment rate of 12.4%. SBA loan servicing assets are amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan servicing asset. The Company recorded no impairment for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Premises and equipmentDuring 2021, the Company completed the previously announced consolidation of 7 banking centers. Premises and equipment held-for-sale are written down to estimated fair value less costs to sell in the period in which the held-for-sale criteria are met. Fair value is estimated in a process which considers current local commercial real estate market conditions and the judgment of the sales agent and often involves obtaining third party appraisals from certified real estate appraisers. These fair value measurements are classified as Level 3. Unobservable inputs to these measurements, which include estimates and judgments often used in conjunction with appraisals, are not readily quantifiable. The Company recognized $1.6 million ofno impairment in its consolidated statements of operations related to premises and equipment classified as held-for-sale totaling $6.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. During 2020, the Company recognized $1.6 million of impairments in its consolidated statements of operations related to premises and equipment classified as held-for-sale totaling $8.0 million.

The Company may be required to record fair value adjustments on other available-for-sale and municipal securities valued at par on a non-recurring basis.

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31, 2022. During 2021, the Company completed the consolidation of seven banking centers and recognized $1.6 million of impairments in its consolidated statements of operations related to premises and equipment classified as held-for-sale totaling $6.0 million.

The Company may be required to record fair value adjustments on other available-for-sale and municipal securities valued at par on a non-recurring basis.

The tables below provide information regarding losses from the assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 20212022 and 2020.2021.

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Total

Losses from fair value changes

Total

Losses from fair value changes

Individually evaluated loans

$

14,083

$

1,816

$

31,384

$

2,187

Other real estate owned

    

7,005

    

799

    

3,731

    

505

Premises and equipment

    

6,032

1,552

Mortgage servicing rights

 

9,162

 

60

Total

$

27,120

$

4,167

$

44,277

$

2,752

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

Total

Losses from fair value changes

Total

Losses from fair value changes

Individually evaluated loans

$

25,480

$

3,228

$

14,083

$

1,816

Other real estate owned

    

4,730

470

    

7,005

799

Premises and equipment

    

8,024

1,631

    

6,032

1,552

Mortgage servicing rights

10,380

751

Total

$

48,614

$

6,080

$

27,120

$

4,167

The Company did not record any liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during 20212022 and 2020.2021.

Note 2324 Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is determined based upon quoted market prices to the extent possible; however, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques that may be significantly impacted by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Changes in any of these assumptions could significantly affect the fair value estimates. The fair value of the financial instruments listed below does not reflect a premium or discount that could result from offering all of the Company’s holdings of financial instruments at one time, nor does it reflect the underlying value of the Company, as ASC Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies and are based on the exit price concept within ASC Topic 825 and applied to this disclosure on a prospective basis. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data in order to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange.

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The fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 are set forth below:

    

Level in fair value

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

Level in fair value

    

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

measurement 

Carrying

Estimated

Carrying

Estimated

measurement 

Carrying

Estimated

Carrying

Estimated

hierarchy

amount

    

fair value

    

amount

    

fair value

hierarchy

amount

    

fair value

    

amount

    

fair value

ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Level 1

$

845,695

$

845,695

$

605,565

$

605,565

 

Level 1

$

195,505

$

195,505

$

845,695

$

845,695

U.S. Treasury securities - AFS

Level 1

71,388

71,388

U.S. Treasury securities - HTM

Level 1

49,045

47,629

Mortgage-backed securities—residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises available-for-sale

 

Level 2

 

227,696

 

227,696

 

196,334

 

196,334

 

Level 2

 

226,131

 

226,131

 

227,696

 

227,696

Mortgage-backed securities—other residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises available-for-sale

 

Level 2

 

461,334

 

461,334

 

462,779

 

462,779

 

Level 2

 

405,926

 

405,926

 

461,334

 

461,334

Municipal securities available-for-sale

Level 2

237

237

318

318

Municipal securities available-for-sale

Level 3

57

57

Level 2

153

153

237

237

Corporate debt

Level 2

2,111

2,111

1,998

1,998

Level 2

1,920

1,920

2,111

2,111

Other available-for-sale securities

 

Level 3

 

469

 

469

 

469

 

469

 

Level 3

 

771

 

771

 

469

 

469

Mortgage-backed securities—residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises held-to-maturity

 

Level 2

 

312,916

 

309,614

 

306,187

 

310,930

 

Level 2

 

339,815

 

298,816

 

312,916

 

309,614

Mortgage-backed securities—other residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises held-to-maturity

 

Level 2

 

296,096

 

289,646

 

70,428

 

70,761

 

Level 2

 

262,667

 

213,479

 

296,096

 

289,646

Non-marketable securities

Level 2

14,533

14,533

16,493

16,493

FHLB and FRB stock

Level 2

38,390

38,390

14,533

14,533

Loans receivable

 

Level 3

 

4,513,383

 

4,540,847

 

4,353,726

 

4,511,357

 

Level 3

 

7,220,469

 

6,964,107

 

4,513,383

 

4,540,847

Loans held for sale

 

Level 2

 

139,142

 

139,142

 

247,813

 

247,813

 

Level 2

 

22,767

 

22,767

 

139,142

 

139,142

Accrued interest receivable

 

Level 2

 

17,848

 

17,848

 

18,795

 

18,795

 

Level 2

 

34,587

 

34,587

 

17,848

 

17,848

Interest rate swap derivatives

 

Level 2

 

8,798

 

8,798

 

18,149

 

18,149

 

Level 2

 

45,046

 

45,046

 

8,798

 

8,798

Mortgage banking derivatives

Level 3

1,883

1,883

7,001

7,001

Level 3

407

407

1,883

1,883

LIABILITIES

Deposit transaction accounts

 

Level 2

 

5,394,257

 

5,394,257

 

4,690,100

 

4,690,100

 

Level 2

 

6,999,226

 

6,999,226

 

5,394,257

 

5,394,257

Time deposits

 

Level 2

 

833,916

 

833,163

 

986,132

 

993,070

 

Level 2

 

873,400

 

845,688

 

833,916

 

833,163

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

Level 2

 

22,768

 

22,768

 

22,897

 

22,897

 

Level 2

 

20,214

 

20,214

 

22,768

 

22,768

Long-term debt

Level 2

40,000

40,000

Level 2

55,000

52,430

40,000

40,000

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

Level 2

 

385,000

 

385,000

 

 

Accrued interest payable

 

Level 2

 

3,944

 

3,944

 

6,762

 

6,762

 

Level 2

 

3,201

 

3,201

 

3,944

 

3,944

Interest rate swap derivatives

Level 2

20,550

20,550

 

57,060

 

57,060

Level 2

12,589

12,589

 

20,550

 

20,550

Mortgage banking derivatives

 

Level 3

 

463

 

463

2,920

2,920

 

Level 3

 

278

 

278

463

463

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Note 2425 Parent Company Only Financial Statements

Parent company only financial information for National Bank Holdings Corporation is summarized as follows:

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

    

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents

$

107,154

$

91,402

$

46,250

$

107,154

Non-marketable securities

 

24,178

 

58

 

35,802

 

24,178

Investment in subsidiaries

 

746,135

 

725,002

 

1,034,501

 

746,135

Other assets

 

7,366

 

14,751

 

33,674

 

7,366

Total assets

$

884,833

$

831,213

$

1,150,227

$

884,833

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Long-term debt, net

$

39,478

$

$

53,890

$

39,478

Other liabilities

5,249

10,522

4,135

5,249

Total liabilities

 

44,727

 

10,522

 

58,025

 

44,727

Shareholders’ equity

 

840,106

 

820,691

 

1,092,202

 

840,106

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

884,833

$

831,213

$

1,150,227

$

884,833

Condensed Statements of Operations

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Income

Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

$

37,866

$

67,416

$

28,133

$

30,260

$

37,866

$

67,416

Distributions from subsidiaries

 

63,000

 

27,200

 

55,725

 

52,000

 

63,000

 

27,200

Income from non-marketable securities

 

553

 

 

(Loss) income from non-marketable securities

 

(262)

 

553

 

Total income

 

101,419

 

94,616

 

83,858

 

81,998

 

101,419

 

94,616

Expenses

Interest expense

 

197

 

 

 

1,519

 

197

 

Salaries and benefits

 

5,622

 

5,136

 

4,925

 

6,138

 

5,622

 

5,136

Other expenses

 

5,042

 

2,621

 

2,463

 

6,433

 

5,042

 

2,621

Total expenses

 

10,861

 

7,757

 

7,388

 

14,090

 

10,861

 

7,757

Income before income taxes

 

90,558

 

86,859

 

76,470

 

67,908

 

90,558

 

86,859

Income tax benefit

 

(3,048)

 

(1,732)

 

(3,895)

 

(3,366)

 

(3,048)

 

(1,732)

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

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Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 

For the years ended December 31, 

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

$

93,606

$

88,591

$

80,365

$

71,274

$

93,606

$

88,591

Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

 

(37,866)

 

(67,416)

 

(28,133)

 

(30,260)

 

(37,866)

 

(67,416)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

5,541

 

5,299

 

4,869

 

6,059

 

5,541

 

5,299

Net excess tax (benefit) expense from stock-based compensation

(644)

51

(2,160)

(294)

(644)

51

Amortization

13

158

13

Other

 

(3,747)

 

3,074

 

5,045

 

73

 

(3,747)

 

3,074

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

56,903

 

29,599

 

59,986

 

47,010

 

56,903

 

29,599

Cash flows from investing activities:

Outlay for business combinations

(67,128)

Purchase of non-marketable securities

(23,025)

(11,471)

(23,025)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(23,025)

 

 

 

(78,599)

 

(23,025)

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

40,000

40,000

Payments of long-term debt issuance costs

(535)

(535)

Issuance of stock under purchase and equity compensation plans

 

(2,267)

 

(749)

 

(6,229)

 

(1,481)

 

(2,267)

 

(749)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

2,489

1,832

2,788

1,102

2,489

1,832

Payment of dividends

 

(26,888)

 

(24,816)

 

(23,530)

 

(30,447)

 

(26,888)

 

(24,816)

Repurchase of shares

 

(36,400)

 

(19,476)

 

 

 

(36,400)

 

(19,476)

Net cash used in financing activities

 

(23,601)

 

(43,209)

 

(26,971)

 

(30,826)

 

(23,601)

 

(43,209)

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

10,277

 

(13,610)

 

33,015

 

(62,415)

 

10,277

 

(13,610)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year

 

101,402

 

115,012

 

81,997

 

111,679

 

101,402

 

115,012

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the year

$

111,679

$

101,402

$

115,012

$

49,264

$

111,679

$

101,402

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Item 9.       CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES.

There were no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosures.

Item 9A.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of December 31, 2021.2022. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2021.2022.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20212022 based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.2022. KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued a report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, which report is included in this Item 9A below.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

ThereOn September 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Community Bancorporation, the bank holding company of Rock Canyon Bank, and on October 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Bancshares of Jackson Hole, the bank holding company of Bank of Jackson Hole. During 2022 subsequent to the acquisition closings, the Company was in the process of incorporating Rock Canyon Bank’s and Bank of Jackson Hole’s internal controls and procedures into its internal controls over financial reporting. Pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff interpretive guidance the assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the scope of an assessment for a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisitions. The scope of the Company’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting at December 31, 2022 does not include these acquisitions. At December 31, 2022, the total assets of Rock Canyon Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole, excluding goodwill and intangibles, represented approximately 22% of consolidated assets, and total revenues of RCB and BOJH represented approximately 8% of consolidated revenues.

Other than mentioned above, there were no changes made in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.reporting, during the most recently completed fiscal year.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

National Bank Holdings Corporation:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited National Bank Holdings Corporation and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021,2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 23, 202228, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

The Company acquired Rock Canyon Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole during 2022, and management excluded the entities from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, the total assets of Rock Canyon Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole, excluding goodwill and intangibles, represented approximately 22% of consolidated assets, and total revenues of Rock Canyon Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole represented approximately 8% of consolidated revenues included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Rock Canyon Bank and Bank of Jackson Hole.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

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A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

GraphicGraphic

Kansas City, Missouri

February 23, 202228, 2023

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Item 9B.     OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

PART III

Item 10.       DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The Information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for our 20222023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of our fiscal year-end.

The Company's Supplemental Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers, which applies to the CEO, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, is available at www.nationalbankholdings.com. Amendments to, and waivers of, the code of ethics are publicly disclosed as required by applicable law, regulation or rule.

Item 11.       EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The Information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for our 20222023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of our fiscal year-end.

Item 12.       SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS.

The Information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for our 20222023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of our fiscal year-end.

Item 13.       CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

The Information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for our 20222023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of our fiscal year-end.

Item 14.       PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

The Information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for our 20222023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of our fiscal year-end.

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PART IV

Item 15.       EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a)The following documents are filed as a part of this report:

(1) Financial Statements:

(2) Financial Statement Schedules:

All schedules are omitted as such information is inapplicable or is included in the financial statements.

(b)The exhibits filed as part of this report and exhibits incorporated herein by reference to other documents are listed below:

Exhibit No

Description

2.1*

Agreement and Plan Merger, dated as of June 23, 2017, by and among Peoples, Inc., National Bank Holdings Corporation, the Significant Stockholders (as defined herein) and Winton A. Winter, Jr., solely in his capacity as the Holders’ Representative (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Form 8-K dated June 23, 2017 and filed on June 27, 2017)

2.2

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 31, 2022, by and among Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated and National Bank Holdings Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Form 8-K dated March 31, 2022 and filed on April 5, 2022)

2.3

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2022, by and among Community Bancorporation, National Bank Holdings Corporation, the Significant Stockholders named therein and Park Roney (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Form 8-K dated April 18, 2022 and filed on April 20, 2022)

3.1

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-177971), filed on August 22, 2012)

3.2

Second Amended and Restated By-Laws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Form 10-Q, filed on November 7, 2014)

4.1

Specimen common stock certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-177971), filed on August 22, 2012)

4.2

Description of Capital Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Form 10-K, filed on February 26, 2020)

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4.3

Form of 3.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due 2031 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on November 5, 2021)

10.1

Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between NBH Holdings Corp. and each of its directors and executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration Statement No. 333-177971), filed on September 10, 2012)˄

10.2

Employment Agreement, dated May 22, 2010, by and between G. Timothy Laney and NBH Holdings Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration Statement No. 333-177971), filed on September 10, 2012)˄

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10.3

First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated November 17, 2015, by and between G. Timothy Laney and National Bank Holdings Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2015)˄

10.4

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated November 17, 2015, by and between Richard U. Newfield, Jr. and National Bank Holdings Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2015)˄

10.5

Employment Agreement, dated November 17, 2015, by and between Zsolt K. Besskó and National Bank Holdings Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2015)˄

10.6

Employment Agreement, dated May 2, 2018, by and between Aldis Birkans and National Bank Holdings Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K, filed on May 2, 2018)˄

10.7

Transition Agreement, dated May 5, 2020, by and between National Bank Holdings Corporation and Zsolt K. Besskó (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K, filed on May 5, 2020) ˄

10.8

Employment Agreement, dated May 5, 2020, by and between National Bank Holdings Corporation and Angela N. Petrucci (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2020) ˄

10.9

Change of Control Agreement applicable to executive officers not party to an employee agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our form 10-K, filed on February 28, 2018)˄

10.10

Support Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2017, by and among Peoples, Inc., National Bank Holdings Corporation and the undersigned stockholders of Peoples, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K dated June 23, 2017 and filed on June 27, 2017)

10.11

NBH Holdings Corp. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-177971), filed on November 14, 2011)˄

10.12

Amendment to the NBH Holdings Corp. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan dated February 22, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to our form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2017)˄

10.13

National Bank Holdings Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Annex A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 30, 2015)˄

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10.14

National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Annex A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 31, 2014)˄

10.15

Form of National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (For Management) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to our Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2019)˄

10.16

Form of National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement (For Management) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to our Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2019)˄

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10.17

Form of National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (For Management) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to our Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2019)˄

10.18

Form of National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement (For Non-Employee Directors) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 10-Q, filed on May 9, 2014)˄

10.19

Form of National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (TSR) (For Management) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2020)˄

10.20

Form of National Bank Holdings Corporation 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (ROTA) (For Management) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 10-Q, filed on August 5, 2020)˄

10.21

Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement, dated November 5, 2021 by and among National Bank Holding Corporation and the Purchaser named therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K dated and filed on November 5, 2021)

10.22

Form of Voting and Support Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2022, by and among Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated, National Bank Holdings Corporation and certain shareholders of Bancshares of Jackson Hole Incorporated (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K dated March 31, 2022 and filed on April 5, 2022)

10.23

Form of Voting and Support Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2022, by and among National Bank Holdings Corporation and certain shareholders of Community Bancorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K dated April 18, 2022 and filed on April 20, 2022)

10.24

Form of Aircraft Time-Sharing Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 10-Q, filed on August 2, 2022)

21.1

Subsidiaries of National Bank Holdings Corporation

23.1

Consent of KPMG LLP

31.1

Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32

Certifications of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

137

101.INS

XBRL Instance – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*

Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

˄

Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on February 23, 2022,28, 2023, on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

National Bank Holdings Corporation

By

/s/ G. Timothy Laney

G. Timothy Laney

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

139

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on February 23, 2022,28, 2023, by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.

131

/s/ G. TIMOTHY LANEY

G. Timothy Laney

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

/s/ ALDIS BIRKANS

Aldis Birkans

Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial officer)

/s/ NICOLE VAN DENABEELE

Nicole Van Denabeele

Chief Accounting Officer

(principal accounting officer)

/s/ RALPH W. CLERMONT

Ralph W. Clermont, Lead Director

/s/ ROBERT E. DEAN

Robert E. Dean, Director

/s/ ALKA GUPTA

Alka Gupta, Director

/s/ FRED J. JOSEPH

Fred J. Joseph, Director

/s/ PATRICK G. SOBERS

Patrick G. Sobers, Director

/s/ MICHO F. SPRING

Micho F. Spring, Director

/s/ BURNEY S. WARREN, III

Burney S. Warren, III, Director

/s/ ART ZEILE

Art Zeile, Director

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