UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

For fiscal year ended January 31, 20152018

OR

For the transition period from             to            

Commission File Number 1-16497

MOVADO GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (201) 267-8000

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨☐ No x☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of July 31, 2014,2017, was approximately $740,352,000$376,151,000 (based on the closing sale price of the registrant’s Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). For purposes of this computation, each share of Class A Common Stock is assumed to have the same market value as one share of Common Stock into which it is convertible and only shares of stock held by directors and executive officers were excluded.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock and Class A Common Stock as of March 24, 2015,22, 2018, were 17,471,38316,297,240 and 6,644,105,6,641,950, respectively.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive proxy statement relating to registrant’s 20152018 annual meeting of shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this annual report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, statements under Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report, as well as statements in future filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), in the Company’s press releases and oral statements made by or with the approval of an authorized executive officer of the Company, which are not historical in nature, are intended to be, and are hereby identified as, “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the safe harbor provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the Company, its future performance, the industry in which the Company operates and management’s assumptions. Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “targets”, “goals”, “projects”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “may”, “will”, “should” and variations of such words and similar expressions are also intended to identify such forward-looking statements. The Company cautions readers that forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those relating to the Company’s future business prospects, projected operating or financial results, revenues, working capital, liquidity, capital needs, plans for future operations, expectations regarding capital expenditures, operating efficiency initiatives and other items, cost savings initiatives, and operating expenses, effective tax rates, margins, interest costs, and income as well as assumptions relating to the foregoing. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Actual results and future events could differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements, due to several important factors herein identified, among others, and other risks and factors identified from time to time in the Company’s reports filed with the SEC, including, without limitation, the following: general economic and business conditions, which may impact disposable income of consumers in the United States and the other significant markets (including Europe) where the Company’s products are sold, uncertainty regarding such economic and business conditions, trends in consumer debt levels and bad debt write-offs, general uncertainty related to possible terrorist attacks, natural disasters, the stability of the European Union (including the impact of the United Kingdom’s process to exit from the European Union) and defaults on or downgrades of sovereign debt and the impact of any of those events on consumer spending, changes in consumer preferences and popularity of particular designs, new product development and introduction, decrease in mall traffic and increase in e-commerce, the ability of the Company to successfully implement its business strategies, competitive products and pricing, the impact of “smart” watches and other wearable tech products on the traditional watch market, seasonality, availability of alternative sources of supply in the case of the loss of any significant supplier or any supplier’s inability to fulfill the Company’s orders, the loss of or curtailed sales to significant customers, the Company’s dependence on key employees and officers, the ability to successfully integrate the operations of acquired businesses (including the Olivia Burton brand) without disruption to other business activities, the possible impairment of acquired intangible assets including goodwill if the carrying value of any reporting unit were to exceed its fair value, the continuation of the company’s major warehouse and distribution centers, the continuation of licensing arrangements with third parties, losses possible from pending or future litigation, the ability to secure and protect trademarks, patents and other intellectual property rights, the ability to lease new stores on suitable terms in desired markets and to complete construction on a timely basis, the ability of the Company to successfully manage its expenses on a continuing basis, information systems failure or breaches of network security, the continued availability to the Company of financing and credit on favorable terms, business disruptions, disease, general risks associated with doing business outside the United States including, without limitation, import duties, tariffs, quotas, political and economic stability, changes to existing laws or regulations, and success of hedging strategies with respect to currency exchange rate fluctuations.

These risks and uncertainties, along with the risk factors discussed under Item 1A1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, should be considered in evaluating any forward-looking statements contained in this report or incorporated by reference herein. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or, in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or any person acting on its behalf are qualified by the cautionary statements in this section. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or changes in expectations after the date of this report.

Item 1.  Business

GENERAL

In this Form 10-K, all references to the “Company” or “Movado Group” include Movado Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise.

Movado Group designs, sources, markets and distributes fine watches. Its portfolio of watch brands is currently comprised of Coach^® Watches,, Concord^®, Ebel^®, ESQOlivia Burton^®, Rebecca Minkoff^® Movado,and Uri Minkoff^®, Scuderia Ferrari^® Watches,, HUGO BOSS^® Watches,, Juicy Couture^® Watches,, Lacoste^® Watches,, Movado^®, and Tommy Hilfiger^® Watches.. The Company is a leader in the design, development, marketing and distribution of watch brands sold in almost every major category comprising the watch industry.

The Company was incorporated in New York in 1967 under the name North American Watch Corporation to acquire Piaget Watch Corporation and Corum Watch Corporation, which had been, respectively, the exclusive importers and distributors of Piaget and Corum watches in the United States since the 1950’s. The Company sold its Piaget and Corum distribution businesses in 1999 and 2000, respectively, to focus on its own portfolio of brands. Since its incorporation, the Company has developed its brand-building reputation and distinctive image across an expanding number of brands and geographic markets. Strategic acquisitions of watch brands and their subsequent growth, along with license agreements, have played an important role in the expansion of the Company’s brand portfolio.

In 1970, the Company acquired the Concord brand and the Swiss company that had been manufacturing Concord watches since 1908. In 1983, the Company acquired the U.S. distributor of Movado watches and substantially all of the assets related to the Movado brand from the Swiss manufacturer of Movado watches. The Company changed its name to Movado Group, Inc. in 1996. In March 2004, the Company completed its acquisition of Ebel, one of the world’s premier luxury watch brands thatwhich was established in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland in 1911. In July 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Olivia Burton, which was founded in 2011 and is one of the United Kingdom’s fastest-growing fashion watch and jewelry brands.  

The Company is highly selective in its licensing strategy and chooses to enter into long-term agreements with only powerful brands that are leaderswith strong positions in their respective businesses.

The following table sets forth the brands licensed by the Company and the year in which the Company launched each licensed brand for watches.

The Company previously licensed the right to manufacture and distribute watches under the Juicy Couture brand name from ABG Juicy Couture, LLC. However, the Company and the licensor decided to allow the Juicy Couture license agreement to expire by its terms on December 31, 2017, although the Company retains the right to sell-off all remaining inventory.

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NYSE under the trading symbol MOV.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

On March 31, 2015,29, 2018, the Board approved an increase in the Company’s quarterly cash dividend and the payment of a cash dividend of $0.11$0.20 for each share of the Company’s outstanding common stock and class A common stock. The dividend will be paid on April 24, 201525, 2018 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 10, 2015.11, 2018. The decision of whether to declare any future cash dividend, including the amount of any such dividend and the establishment of record and payment dates, will be determined, in each quarter, by the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion.

On January 30, 2015,December 22, 2017, the Company enteredTax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”) was signed into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent (in such capacity, the "Agent"). The Credit Agreement provides for a $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Facility") including a $15.0 million letter of credit subfacility, that matures on January 30, 2020, with provisions for uncommitted increases of up to $50.0 million in the aggregate subject to customary terms and conditions. The Credit Agreement replaces the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of July 17, 2009,law, which we had amended on September 30, 2014 to,significantly changed existing U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, extend its maturity through 2020lowering the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, limiting the deductibility of interest expense and reflect favorable changesexecutive compensation, implementing a territorial tax system, and imposing a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation transition tax (“Transition Tax”) on undistributed foreign earnings which have not been previously taxed. Undistributed foreign earnings in marketthe form of cash and cash equivalents will be taxed at a rate conditions.of 15.5% and all other earnings will be taxed at a rate of 8.0%.

Also, on January 30, 2015,On November 23, 2017, the Company entered into an amended and restated license agreement with Coach, Inc. thatFerrari S.p.A. pursuant to which the expiration of the existing license agreement for the Ferrari brand was extended through December 31, 2022. The agreement also amends certain provisions including minimum sales commitments, royalty rates, marketing and restatesadvertising expenditures and other obligations of the originalCompany.

On November 21, 2017, the Board approved the payment of a cash dividend of $0.13 for each share of the Company’s outstanding common stock and class A common stock. The dividend was paid on December 15, 2017 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 1, 2017.

On November 6, 2017, the Company announced it had entered into an agreement with MGI Luxury Group S.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Hugo Boss Trade Mark Management GmbH & Co. KG, pursuant to which the expiration of the existing license agreement for the Hugo Boss brand was extended through December 31, 2023. The agreement also amends certain provisions including minimum sales commitments, royalty rates, marketing and advertising expenditures and other obligations of the Company.

On October 24, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to its lease agreement dated December 21, 2000 (as previously amended, the “Lease”) with Mack-Cali Realty L.P. (“Lessor”), pursuant to which the Company had entered into on December 9, 1996, andleases its corporate headquarters from Lessor at 650 From Road, Paramus, New Jersey. The amendment extends itsthe term from June 30, 2015of the Lease through June 30, 2020.2030, and provides the Company with an option to renew the term of the Lease for one additional extension period of five years through June 30, 2035.

On November 25, 2014,August 29, 2017, the Board of Directors approved an increase inthe payment of a cash dividend of $0.13 for each share of the Company’s outstanding common stock and class A common stock. The dividend was paid on September 25, 2017 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 11, 2017.

On August 29, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program from $50.0 million, originally approved on March 21, 2013, to $100.0 million. Under the program,under which the Company is authorized to purchase sharesup to $50.0 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time, depending on market conditions, share price and other factors. The Company may purchase shares of its common stock through open market purchases, repurchase plans, block trades or otherwise. This authorization expires on January 31, 2016.

Also, on November 25, 2014,August 29, 2020. Concurrent with this approval, the Board of Directors cancelled the previously authorized $50.0 million share buyback program which would have expired on September 30, 2017 and under which approximately $5.5 million had been repurchased.

On July 3, 2017, the Company, through a wholly-owned U.K. subsidiary, acquired JLB Brands Ltd., the owner of the Olivia Burton brand, for $78.2 million, or £60.0 million in cash, subject to working capital and other closing adjustments. After giving effect to the closing adjustments, the purchase price was $79.0 million, or £60.7 million, net of cash acquired of approximately $5.9 million, or £4.5 million. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. No debt was assumed in the acquisition. The acquisition added a new brand with significant global growth potential to the Company’s portfolio. The results of the JLB Brands Ltd.’s operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of its acquisition within the International location of the Wholesale segment.

On May 25, 2017, the Board of Directors approved the payment of a cash dividend of $0.10 for each share of the Company’s outstanding common stock and class A common stock. The dividend was paid on December 19, 2014 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 5, 2014.

On August 26, 2014, the Board approved the payment of a cash dividend of $0.10 for each share of the Company’s outstanding common stock and class A common stock. The dividend was paid on September 19, 2014 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 5, 2014.

On May 22, 2014, the Board approved the payment of a cash dividend of $0.10$0.13 for each share of the Company’s outstanding common stock and class A common stock. The dividend was paid on June 16, 201420, 2017 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on June 2, 2014.6, 2017.  

On March 28, 2014,20, 2017, the Company entered into an amendedannounced cost savings initiatives to better align its global infrastructure with the current business environment by consolidating certain operations and restated license agreement with Lacoste S.A., Sporloisirs S.A.streamlining functions to reduce costs and Lacoste Alligator S.A. that amendsimprove profitability. The cost savings initiatives include a reduction in the Company’s workforce in its North American and restatesSwiss operations as well as charges for fixed assets, occupancy, and other expenses. In light of the original license agreement whichchanging retail landscape and the growing importance of digital marketing and online sales, the Company had entered intoalso decided in March, 2006,the third quarter of fiscal 2018 to cease its participation in the Baselworld Watch and that extends its term from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2022.Jewelry Show. As a result, the Company recorded charges for the write-off of certain fixed assets and other contract termination costs. In fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a total of $13.6 million of pre-tax expenses in connection with these actions. The cost savings initiatives have been substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2018.

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

The largest markets for watches are North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia. The Company divides the watch market into five principal categories as set forth in the following table.

Exclusive Watches

Exclusive watches are usually made of precious metals, including 18 karat gold or platinum, and are often set with precious gems. These watches are primarily mechanical or quartz-analog watches. Mechanical watches keep time with intricate mechanical movements consisting of an arrangement of wheels, jewels and winding and regulating mechanisms. Quartz-analog watches have quartz movements in which time is precisely calibrated to the regular frequency of the vibration of quartz crystal. Exclusive watches are manufactured almost entirely in Switzerland. Well-known brand names of exclusive watches include Audemars Piguet, Patek Philippe, Piaget and Vacheron Constantin. The Company does not compete in the exclusive watch category.

Luxury Watches

Luxury watches are either quartz-analog watches or mechanical watches. These watches typically are made with either 14 or 18 karat gold, stainless steel, ceramic or a combination of gold and stainless steel, and are occasionally set with precious gems. Luxury watches are primarily manufactured in Switzerland. In addition to a majority of the Company’s Ebel and Concord watches, well-known brand names of luxury watches include Baume & Mercier, Breitling, Cartier, Omega, Rolex and TAG Heuer.

Accessible Luxury Watches

The majority of accessible luxury watches are quartz-analog watches.watches, some of which may also include connected technology for transmitting data wirelessly between the watch and a smartphone or other device. These watches typically are made with gold finish, stainless steel, ceramic or a combination of gold finish and stainless steel. Accessible luxury watches are manufactured primarily in Switzerland, although some are manufactured in Asia. In addition to a majority of the Company’s Movado watches, well-known brand names of accessible luxury watches include Gucci, Rado, Michele and Raymond Weil.

Moderate and Fashion Watches

Most moderate and fashion watches are quartz-analog watches.watches, some of which may also include connected technology for transmitting data wirelessly between the watch and a smartphone or other device. These watches typically are made with gold finish, stainless steel, brass, plastic or a combination of gold finish and stainless steel. Moderate and fashion watches are manufactured primarily in Asia and Switzerland. In addition to the Company’s ESQ Movado, Coach, HUGO BOSS, Juicy Couture, Tommy Hilfiger,Lacoste, Olivia Burton, Rebecca Minkoff and Uri Minkoff, Scuderia Ferrari and LacosteTommy Hilfiger brands, well-known brand names of watches in the moderate and fashion category include Anne Klein, Bulova, Citizen, Fossil, Guess, Seiko, Michael Kors, SwatchDaniel Wellington and Wittnauer.Swatch. Market leaders for smartwatches include Apple, Fitbit and Garmin.

Mass Market Watches

Mass market watches typically consist of digital watches and analog watches made from stainless steel, brass and/or plastic and are manufactured in Asia. Well-known brands include Casio, Pulsar, Seiko and Timex. The Company does not compete in the mass market watch category.

BRANDS

The Company designs, develops, sources, markets and distributes products under the following watch brands:

Coach Watches

Coach Watches are an extension of the Coach leathergoods brand and reflect the Coach brand image. A distinctive American brand, Coach delivers stylish, aspirational, well-made products that represent excellent value. Coach watches are made with stainless steel, gold finish or a combination of stainless steel and gold finish with leather straps, stainless steel bracelets or gold finish bracelets.Owned Brands

Concord

Concord was founded in 1908 in Bienne, Switzerland. Concord is a luxury watch brand with a rich history studded with iconic, award-winning timepieces and an innovative direction. Acquired by the Company in the early 1970s, Concord was re-launched as a dynamic, highly original niche brand which, in recent years, has implemented an energetic repositioning. This has encompassed a fundamental change in shifting from a revolution driven strategy to an evolution driven counterpart. Rooted in a determination to build on the remarkable technical achievements of its recent past while combining them with its current visionary thinking, this approach is entirely in keeping with the very name, Concord, which means harmony. Concord watches have Swiss movements and are made with solid 18 karat gold, stainless steel or a combination of 18 karat gold and stainless steel. Some are set with diamonds.

Ebel

The Ebel brand was established in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland in 1911. Ebel’s success has been built upon the perfect fusion of technical excellence and a passion for aesthetically daring and timeless, distinctive design. A passion for innovation and excellence in watch design has always been at the heart of the Ebel brand. Since acquiringits inception, Ebel Movado Group has returned Ebelremained true to its roots as the “Architects of Time” throughcore values, manufacturing fine Swiss watches that marry beauty and function. Renowned today for its product development, marketing initiativesiconic bracelet design with signature wave-shaped links, Ebel continues to create timepieces that embody luxury and global advertising campaigns.contemporary elegance with subtle, yet exquisite detail. All Ebel watches feature Swiss movements and are made with solid 18 karat yellow or rose gold, stainless steel or a combination of 18 karat yellow or rose gold, ceramic and, or stainless steel. Some are set with diamonds.

ESQ

ESQ watches have been marketed by the Company since fiscal 2013 as a collection within the Movado brand. The watches are priced to compete in the entry level Swiss watch category and are defined by bold sport and fashion designs. All ESQ watches contain Swiss movements and most are made with stainless steel, gold finish or a combination of stainless steel and gold finish, with leather straps, stainless steel bracelets or gold finish bracelets. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company made the strategic decision to reduce the presence of ESQ watches while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors and the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $7.8 million to sales in fiscal 2014 for anticipated ESQ watch returns in fiscal 2015. This strategy was intended to drive incremental sales of the Company’s more profitable Movado brand watch families by utilizing the increased case space at the point of sale that otherwise would have been occupied by relatively less productive ESQ Movado SKUs. The Company continues to offer ESQ Movado in select retail locations as well as its direct-to-consumer outlet stores and through e-commerce at Movado.com.

Scuderia Ferrari Watches

Asserting Scuderia Ferrari’s proud racing heritage and Italian pedigree, Movado Group’s Scuderia Ferrari watch collection for men and women brings the unparalleled excitement and distinctive style of the time honored racing team to fans around the world.

HUGO BOSS Watches

HUGO BOSS is a global market leader in the world of fashion. The HUGO BOSS watch collection is an extension of the parent brand and includes classy, sporty, elegant and fashion timepieces with distinctive features, giving this collection a strong and coherent identity.

Juicy Couture Timepieces

Juicy Couture is a lifestyle brand that delivers sophisticated, yet fun fashion for women, men and children. Juicy Couture timepieces reflect the brand’s clear vision, unique identity in the upscale contemporary category, encompassing both trend-right and core styling contemporary watches.

Lacoste Watches

The Lacoste watch collection embraces the Lacoste lifestyle proposition which encompasses elegance, refinement and comfort, as well as a dedication to quality and innovation. Mirroring key attributes of the Lacoste brand, the collection features stylish timepieces with a contemporary sport elegant feel.

Movado

The Movado brand is renowned for its iconic Museum® dial and modern design aesthetic. Since its founding in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland in 1881, Movado has earned more than 100 patents and 200 international awards for artistry and innovation in watch design and technology, and Movado timepieces have won world renown for their unique beauty and timeless design.

Movado is a hallmark of some of the most famous timepieces ever created, most notably, the Movado Museum® Watch. Designed in 1947 by Bauhaus-influenced artist Nathan George Horwitt, the watch dial defined by a solitary dot at 12,12:00, symbolizing the sun at high noon, has been acclaimed for purity of design unrivaled in the history of time-keeping. When Horwitt’s dial was selected for the permanent design collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1960, it became the first watch dial ever awarded this distinction. Known today as the Movado Museum Watch, this legendary dial is regarded as an icon of Modernism. A trademarked and award-winning design, the celebrated single dot dial now distinguishes a wide range of Movado timepieces.

The Movado brand experience is defined byAlong with its long, rich heritage of design innovation, andthe Movado brand experience is also defined by a close, enduring association with the arts. Expressions of Movado’s commitment to the fine and cultural arts encompass commissioned watch designs by famed artists, affiliations with talented brand ambassadors, sponsorship of major arts institutions and support of emerging artists.

AllThe Movado BOLD collection represents iconic Movado design re-imagined for the fashion-savvy, on-trend consumer. It is innovative in both design and use of materials. The Movado Heritage collection, launched in the spring of 2016, is inspired by Movado’s rich pre-Museum dial history.  Heritage uses the past to create new designs that are modern and relevant.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company launched the use of smartwatch technology in its Movado brand watches.

Olivia Burton

Founded by ex-fashion buyers, Olivia Burton was born in 2012 when a gap in the market was identified for beautifully designed watches. Following the identification of the market gap, the Olivia Burton brand was launched in Harvey Nichols in the UK. The brand was well received with some styles selling out straight away. Inspired by vintage aesthetic and catwalk trends, Olivia Burton releases new collections every two months to give customers the chance to create their own watch wardrobe and regularly update their outfit with a new timepiece. Each collection is carefully designed to reflect current trends that fit the brand’s DNA. This has helped to establish Olivia Burton as one of the most exciting and directional women’s fashion watch brands in the global market. In 2016, the brand launched a jewelry collection that follows the brand ethos to be beautifully designed, high in quality and affordable.

Licensed Brands

Below is a description of the Company’s licensed brand watches. In March 2016, the Company announced the expansion of its use of smartwatch technology to its licensed brand portfolio.

Coach Watches

Coach watches have Swiss movementsreflect the Coach brand image and are madeclassic American style. The Coach brand stands for authenticity, innovation, and relevance, as well as effortless New York style. It is an integral part of the American luxury landscape and the lives of countless Coach customers around the world. With an expanding presence globally, the Coach brand exemplifies modern luxury. As an extension of the brand, Coach watches offer a fresh and compelling assortment of timepieces for women and men, with 14 or 18 karat gold, 18 karat gold finish,a wide variety of bracelets and straps constructed of stainless steel ceramic oraccented with gold tone finishes and leather straps.  

HUGO BOSS Watches

HUGO BOSS is one of the market leaders in the global apparel market. HUGO BOSS focuses on developing and marketing of premium fashion and accessories for men and women. Licensed products such as watches and other accessories complement the apparel collections. BOSS watches reflect the sophisticated character and craftsmanship for which all BOSS products are known.

Lacoste Watches

The Lacoste watch collection embraces the Lacoste lifestyle proposition which encompasses French elegance and sporting performance, as well as innovation for style and freedom of movement. Mirroring key attributes of the Lacoste brand, the collection features stylish timepieces with a combinationcontemporary sport elegant feel.

Rebecca Minkoff and Uri Minkoff Watches

Founded by Rebecca Minkoff in 2005 with the iconic “Morning After Bag,” the eponymous womenswear brand designs a wide range of 18 karat gold finishhandbags, clothes, shoes, jewelry and stainless steel.accessories (including accessories for technology devices), as well as men’s accessories under the label Uri Minkoff. In the spring of 2017, Rebecca Minkoff Watches was launched, reimagining the category through the brand’s downtown, Rock and Roll roots. In addition, Uri Minkoff also introduced its own understated, yet distinct, line of menswear timepieces.

Scuderia Ferrari Watches

Asserting Scuderia Ferrari’s proud racing heritage and Italian pedigree, Movado Group’s Scuderia Ferrari watch collection for men and women brings the excitement and distinctive style of the time honored racing team to fans around the world.

Tommy Hilfiger Watches

Reflecting the fresh, fun all-American style for which Tommy Hilfiger is known, Tommy Hilfiger watches feature quartz, digital or analog-digital movements, with stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, silver-tone, two-tone or gold-tone cases and bracelets, and leather, fabric, plastic or rubbersilicone straps. The line includes fashion and sport models.

DESIGN AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

The Company’s offerings undergo two phases before they are produced for sale to customers: design and product development. The design phase includes the creation of artistic and conceptual renderings while product development involves the construction of prototypes. The Company’sCertain Movado collections, including Movado BOLD, ESQ Movado and the Company’s licensed brands are designed by in-house design teams in Switzerland and the United States in cooperation with outside sources, including (in the case of the licensed brands except for ESQ Movado)brands) licensors’ design teams. Product development for the licensed brands ESQand certain Movado andcollections, including Movado BOLD, takes place in the Company’s Asia operations. For the Company’s Movado (with the exception of certain Movado collections, including Movado BOLD), Ebel and Concord brands, the design phase is performed by a combination of in-house and freelance designers in Europe and the United States while product development is carried out in the Company’s Swiss operations. For the Company’s Olivia Burton brand, the design phase is performed by in-house design teams in Europe, while product development is carried out by third parties in Asia. Senior management of the Company is actively involved in the design and product development process.

MARKETING

The Company’s marketing strategy is to communicate a consistent, brand-specific message to the consumer. As the consumer footprint continues to evolve, the Company is increasingly focused on its digital marketing and online reach, including expanding and improving its social media channels and its messaging through individuals with significant social media followings (i.e., “influencers”). On March 7, 2018, the Company announced that it is developing a Digital Center of Excellence to help elevate its customers’ digital experience globally through innovative technologies and consumer-facing initiatives. Recognizing that advertising is an integral component to the successful marketing of its product offerings, the Company devotes significant resources to advertising and maintains its own in-house advertising department which focuses primarily on the implementation and management of global marketing and advertising strategies for each of the Company’s brands, ensuring consistency of presentation. The Company utilizes outside agencies for the creative development ofdevelops advertising campaigns which are developed individually for each of the Company’s brands, andutilizing outside agencies as deemed appropriate. These campaigns are directed primarily to the end consumer rather than to trade customers. The Company’s advertising targets consumers with particular demographic characteristics appropriate to the image and price range of each brand. Most Company advertising is placed in magazines and other print media, but some is also created foron radio and television, campaigns, online, including websites and social media platforms, in catalogs, on outdoor signs and through other promotional materials. Marketing expenses totaled 12.3%12.9%, 13.0%13.7% and 13.5%13.0% of net sales in fiscal 2015, 20142018, 2017 and 2013,2016, respectively.

OPERATING SEGMENTS

The Company conducts its business primarily in two operating segments: Wholesale and Retail. For operating segment data and geographic segment data for the years ended January 31, 2015, 20142018, 2017 and 2013,2016, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements regarding Segment and Geographic Information.

The Company’s Wholesale segment includes the design, development, sourcing, marketing and distribution of high quality watches, and unallocated corporate expenses, in addition to after-sales service activities and shipping. The Retail segment includes the Company’s retail outlet stores.locations.

The Company divides its business into two major geographic locations: United States operations, and International, which includes the results of all other Company operations. The allocation of geographic revenue is based upon the location of the customer. The Company’s International operations in Europe, the Americas (excluding the United States), Asia and the Middle East and Asia account for 18.9%32.1%, 11.4%9.2%, 8.0%7.7% and 7.1%5.1%, respectively, of the Company’s total net sales for fiscal 2015.2018. Substantially all of the Company’s internationaltangible International assets are located in Switzerlandowned by the Company’s Swiss and Asia.Hong Kong subsidiaries. For a discussion of the risks associated with the Company’s operations conducted outside the United States, see “A significant portion of the Company’s business is conducted outside of the United States. Many factors affecting business activities outside the United States could adversely impact this business” under Item 1A,1A. Risk Factors, below.below.

Wholesale

United States Wholesale

The Company sells all of its brands in the U.S. wholesale market primarily to department stores, such as Macy’s and Nordstrom; major jewelry store chains, such as Signet Jewelers, Ltd. and Helzberg Diamonds Corp.; independent jewelers and Sterling, Inc. department stores,online retailers, such as Macy’s, and Nordstrom,Amazon; as well as independent jewelers.the Company’s e-commerce business, such as www.movado.com. Sales to trade customers in the United States are made directly by the Company’s U.S. sales force and, to a lesser extent, independent sales representatives. Sales representatives are responsible for a defined geographic territory, generally specialize in a particular brand and sell to and service independent jewelers within their territory. The sales force also consists of account executives and account representatives who, respectively, sell to and service chain and department store accounts.

International Wholesale

Internationally, the Company’s brands are sold in department stores, such as El Cortes Ingles in Spainjewelry chains, independent jewelers and Galeries Lafayette in France, jewelry chain stores such as Christ in Switzerland and Germany and independent jewelers.online retailers. The Company employs its own international sales force operating at the Company’s sales and distribution offices in Canada, China, Germany, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. In addition, the Company sells all of its brands other than ESQ Movado through a network of independent distributors operating in numerous countries around the world. Distribution of ESQ Movado watches, which outside of the United States are sold primarily in Canada and the Caribbean, is handled by the Company’s Canadian subsidiary and Caribbean-based sales teams. A majority of the Company’s arrangements with its international distributors are long-term, generally require certain minimum purchases and minimum advertising expenditures and restrict the distributor from selling competitive products.

In France and Germany, the Company’s licensed brands are marketed and distributed by subsidiaries of a joint venture company owned 51% by the Company and 49% by a French company with established distribution, marketing and sales operations in France and Germany. The terms of the joint venture agreement include financial performance measures which, if not attained, give either party the right to terminate the agreement by the following April 30th after the tenth year (January 31, 2016);impose restrictions on the transferdistributor’s sale of shares in the joint venture company; and a buy out right whereby the Company can purchase all of the shares in the joint venture company as of July 1, 2016 and every fifth anniversary thereafter at a pre-determined price.competitive products.

In the U.K., the Company distributes both its licensed brands as well as Movado and Ebel watches through MGS Distribution Limited (“MGS”), an English company in which the Company has a 90% ownership interest. The Company’s former joint venture partner in MGS, Swico Limited, also based in the U.K., provides MGS with logistical support and after-sales service.

Retail

The Company’s subsidiary, Movado Retail Group, Inc., operates 3840 retail outlet stores locatedlocations in outlet centers across the United States, which serve as an effective vehicle to sell current and discontinued models and factory seconds of all of the Company’s watches.

SEASONALITY

The Company’s U.S. sales are traditionally greater during the Christmas and holiday season. Consequently, the Company’s net sales historically have been higher during the second half of aits fiscal year. The amount of net sales and operating profit generated during the second half of each fiscal year depends upon the general level of retail sales during the Christmas and holiday season, as well as economic conditions and other factors beyond the Company’s control. Major selling seasons in certain international markets center on significant local holidays that occur in late winter or early spring. The second half of each fiscal year accounted for 54.9%59.8% (which includes the acquisition of the Olivia Burton brand on July 3, 2017), 56.5%,56.2% and 56.1%55.3% of the Company’s net sales for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2015, 2014,2018, 2017, and 2013,2016, respectively.

BACKLOG

At March 24, 2015,22, 2018, the Company had unfilled orders of $54.1$42.9 million compared to $30.4 million at March 19, 2014 and $35.7$45.0 million at March 14, 2013.2017 and $50.3 million at March 24, 2016. Unfilled orders include both confirmed orders and orders that the Company believes will be confirmed based on the historichistorical experience with the customers. It is customary for many of the Company’s customers not to confirm their future orders with formal purchase orders until shortly before their desired delivery dates.

CUSTOMER SERVICE, WARRANTY AND REPAIR

The Company assists in the retail sales process of its wholesale customers by monitoring their sales and inventories by product category and style. The Company also assists in the conception, development and implementation of customers’ marketing vehicles. The Company places considerable emphasis on cooperative advertising programs with its retailwholesale customers. The Company’s assistance in the retail sales process has resulted in close relationships with its principal customers, often allowing for influence on the mix, quantity and timing of their purchasing decisions. The Company believes that customers’ familiarity with its sales approach has facilitated, and should continue to facilitate, the introduction of new products through its distribution network.

The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products. In addition, although the Company generally has no obligation to do so, it accepts other returns from customers in certain instances.

The Company has service facilities around the world, including sevenfour Company-owned service facilities and multiple independent service centers which are authorized to perform warranty repairs. A list of authorized service centers can be accessed online at www.mgiservice.com. In order to maintain consistency and quality at its service facilities and authorized independent service centers, the Company conducts training sessions and distributes technical information and updates to repair personnel. All watches sold by the Company come with limited warranties covering the movement against defects in material and workmanship for periods ranging from two to three years from the date of purchase, with the exception of Tommy Hilfiger watches, for which the warranty period is ten years. In addition, the warranty period is five years for the gold plating on certain Movado watch cases and bracelets. Products that are returned under warranty to the Company are generally serviced by the Company’s employees at its service facilities.

The Company retains adequate levels of component parts to facilitate after-sales service of its watches for an extended period of time after the discontinuance of the manufacturing of such watches.

The Company makes available a web-based system at www.mgiservice.com providing immediate access for the Company’s retail partners to the information they may want or need about after sales service issues. The website allows the Company’s retailers to track their repair status online 24 hours a day. The system also permits customers to authorize repairs, track repair status through the entire repair life cycle, view repair information and obtain service order history.

SOURCING, PRODUCTION AND QUALITY

The Company does not manufacture any of the products it sells. The Company employs a flexible manufacturing model that relies on independent manufacturers to meet shifts in marketplace demand and changes in consumer preferences. All product sources must achieve and maintain the Company’s high qualityhigh-quality standards and specifications. With strong supply chain organizations predominantly in Switzerland, China and Hong Kong, the Company maintains control over the quality of its products, wherever they are manufactured. Compliance is monitored with strictly implementedenforced quality control standards, including on-site quality inspections.

A majority of the Swiss watch movements used in the manufacture of Movado, Ebel Concord and ESQ MovadoConcord watches are purchased from two suppliers. The Company obtains other watch components for all of its brands, including movements, cases, hands, dials, bracelets and straps from a number of other suppliers. The Company does not have long-term supply commitments with any of its component parts suppliers.

Movado (with the exception of certain Movado collections, including Movado BOLD), Ebel and Concord watches are manufactured in Switzerland by independent third party assemblers. All Movado, ESQ Movado, Ebel and Concord watches are manufacturedthird-party assemblers using Swiss movements. Movado smart watches include connected technology licensed from third parties that also provide end users with the necessary applications and cloud services. All of the Company’s products are manufactured using components obtained from third party suppliers. ESQCertain Movado andcollections of watches, including Movado BOLD, watches are manufactured by independent contractors in Asia using Swiss movements. Coach, Tommy Hilfiger, HUGO BOSS, Juicy Couture,Lacoste, Olivia Burton, Rebecca Minkoff and Uri Minkoff, Scuderia Ferrari and LacosteTommy Hilfiger watches are manufactured by independent contractors in Asia.Asia and the licensed brands smart watches include connected technology licensed from a third party.

TRADEMARKS, PATENTS AND LICENSE AGREEMENTS

The Company owns the trademarks CONCORD^®, EBEL^®, MOVADO^® and MOVADOOLIVIA BURTON^®, as well as trademarks for the Movado Museum dial design, and related trademarks for watches and jewelry in the United States and in numerous other countries.

The Company licenses ESQUIRE^®, ESQ^® and related trademarks on an exclusive worldwide basis for use in connection with the manufacture, distribution, advertising and sale of watches pursuant to a license agreement with Hearst Magazine, a division of Hearst Communications, Inc., dated as of January 1, 1992 (as amended, the “Hearst License Agreement”). The current term of the Hearst License Agreement expires December 31, 2015, and contains options for renewal at the Company’s discretion through December 31, 2042.

The Company licenses the trademark COACH^® and related trademarks on an exclusive worldwide basis for use in connection with the manufacture, distribution, advertising and sale of watches pursuant to an amended and restated license agreement with Coach, Inc., dated January 30, 2015, which expires on June 30, 2020.

Under an amended and restated license agreement with Tommy Hilfiger Licensing LLC dated September 16, 2009 (as amended the(the “Tommy Hilfiger License Agreement”), the Company has the exclusive license to use the trademark TOMMY HILFIGER^® and related trademarks in connection with the manufacture of watches and jewelry worldwide and in connection with the marketing, advertising, sale and distribution of watches and jewelry at wholesale (and at retail through its outlet stores)locations) worldwide (excluding certain accounts in Japan). The term of the Tommy Hilfiger License Agreement expires December 31, 2019 and may be extended by the Company for an additional five years ending on December 31, 2024, subject to the satisfaction of minimum sales requirements and approval of a new business plan.

On March 5, 2012,November 3, 2017, the Company entered into an amended and restated license agreement with HUGO BOSS Trade Mark Management GmbH & Co. (the “Hugo Boss License Agreement”), extendingthat extended the term and makingmade certain other changes to the license agreement originally entered by the parties on December 15, 2004 (the “Hugo Boss License Agreement”), under which the Company received a worldwide exclusive license to use the trademark HUGO BOSS^® and any other trademarks containing the names “HUGO” or “BOSS”, in connection with the production, promotion and sale of watches. TheAfter giving effect to the amendment, the term of the Hugo Boss License Agreement continues through December 31, 2018.2023.

In November 2005, the Company entered into a license agreement with L.C. Licensing, Inc., for the exclusive worldwide license to use the trademarks JUICY COUTURE^® and related trademarks in connection with the manufacture, advertising, merchandising, promotion, sale and distribution of timepieces and components (as amended, the “Juicy Couture License Agreement”). In November 2013, L.C. Licensing, Inc. assigned its entire interest in the Juicy Couture License Agreement to ABG Juicy Couture, LLC. The current term of the Juicy Couture License Agreement is through December 31, 2016.

The Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Lacoste S.A., Sporloisirs, S.A. and Lacoste Alligator, S.A. in 2006 to design, produce, market and distribute Lacoste watches under the Lacoste^® name and the distinctive “alligator” logo beginning in the first half of 2007. On March 28, 2014, the Company entered into an amended and restated license agreement with Lacoste S.A., Sporloisirs S.A. and Lacoste Alligator S.A. which amends(the “Lacoste License Agreement”), extending the term and restatesmaking certain other changes to the original license agreement withoriginally entered into by the Licensorparties in 2006, under which the Company received a worldwide exclusive license to use the Lacoste^® name and extends itsthe distinctive “alligator” logo to design, produce, market and distribute watches. The term from January 1, 2015of the Lacoste License Agreement continues through December 31, 2022.

On March 22, 2012,November 23, 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwideamended and restated license agreement with Ferrari S.p.A. to continue to use certain well known trademarks of Ferrari including the S.F. and Prancing Horse device in shield, FERRARI OFFICIAL LICENSED PRODUCT and SCUDERIA FERRARI, in connection with the manufacture, advertising, merchandising, promotion, sale and distribution of watches with a suggested retail price not exceeding €1,500€2,500 (the “Ferrari“Amended Ferrari License Agreement”). The current term of the Ferrari License Agreement is through December 31, 2017.2022.

On October 21, 2016, the Company entered into a license and collaboration arrangement with Rebecca Minkoff, LLC to use the Rebecca Minkoff and Uri Minkoff brand names, including any related logos and trademarks, in connection with the manufacture, advertising, merchandising, promotion, sale and distribution of watches. This collection launched in calendar year 2017. The current term of the Rebecca Minkoff license and collaboration agreement is through October 21, 2026.   

Prior to December 31, 2017, the Company and ABG Juicy Couture, LLC (as assignee of L.C. Licensing, Inc.) were parties to a license agreement pursuant to which the Company licensed the exclusive worldwide right to use the trademark JUICY COUTURE® and related trademarks in connection with the manufacture, advertising, merchandising, promotion, sale and distribution of timepieces. The Company and the licensor allowed this license agreement to expire by its terms on December 31, 2017, although the Company retains the right to sell-off all remaining inventory.

The Company also owns, and has pending applications for, a number of design patents in the United States and internationally for various watch designs, as well as designs of watch dials, cases, bracelets and jewelry.

The Company actively seeks to protect and enforce its intellectual property rights by working with industry associations, anti-counterfeiting organizations, private investigators and law enforcement authorities, including customs authorities in the United States and internationally, and, when necessary, suing infringers of its trademarks and patents. Consequently, the Company is involved from time to time in litigation or other proceedings to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of these rights. With respect toThe Company has registered the trademarks MOVADO^®, OLIVIA BURTON^®, EBEL^®, CONCORD^® and certain other related trademarks with customs authorities in the Company has received exclusion orders that prohibitUnited States and certain other countries in order to assist such authorities in their efforts to prevent the importation of counterfeit goods or goods bearing confusingly similar trademarks into the United States and other countries. In accordance with customstrademarks. Customs regulations these exclusion orders, however, do not, however, cover the unauthorized importation of genuine Movado, Olivia Burton, Ebel and Concord watches because the Company is considered the manufacturer of such watches. All of the Company’s exclusion orders are renewable.

COMPETITION

The markets for each of the Company’s watch brands are highly competitive. With the exception of Swatch Group, Ltd., a large Swiss-based competitor, no single company competes with the Company across all of its brands. CertainMultiple companies, however, compete with Movado Group with respect to one or more of its watch brands. Certain of these companies have, and other companies that may enter the Company’s markets in the future may have, greater financial, distribution, marketing and advertising resources than the Company. The Company’s future success will depend, to a significant degree, upon its continued ability to compete effectively with regard to, among other things, the style, quality, price, advertising, marketing, distribution and availability of supply of the Company’s watches and other products.

EMPLOYEES

As of January 31, 2015,2018, the Company had approximately 1,1101,000 full-time employees in its global operations. No employee of theApproximately 159 Company is represented by a labor union or isemployees in Switzerland and 19 Company employees in France are subject to a collective bargaining agreement.agreements. The Company has never experienced a work stoppage due to labor difficulties and believes that its employee relations are good.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on the Company’s website, located at www.movadogroup.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after the same are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The public may read any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington, D.C., 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding the Company at www.sec.gov.

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all directors, officers and employees, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and principal accounting and financial officers, which is posted on the Company’s website. The Company will post any amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and any waivers that are required to be disclosed by SEC regulations on the Company’s website. In addition, the committee charters for the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating/corporate governance committee of the Board of Directors of the Company and the Company’s corporate governance guidelines have been posted on the Company’s website.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The following risk factors and the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K should be read carefully in connection with evaluating Movado Group’s business. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated. Additional risks which the Company does not presently consider material, or of which it is not currently aware, may also have an adverse impact on the business. Please also see “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1.

Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. or in other key markets, and the resulting declines in consumer confidence and spending, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results.

The Company’s results are dependent on a number of factors impacting consumer confidence and spending, including, but not limited to, general economic and business conditions; wages and employment levels; volatility in the stock market; home values; inflation; consumer debt levels; availability and cost of consumer credit; economic uncertainty; solvency concerns of major financial

institutions; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; fuel and energy costs and/or shortages; tax issues; and general political conditions, both domestic and abroad.

Adverse economic conditions, including declines in employment levels, disposable income, consumer confidence and economic growth could result in decreased consumer spending that would adversely affect sales of consumer goods, particularly those, such as the Company’s products, that are viewed as discretionary items. In addition, events such as war, terrorism, natural disasters or outbreaks of disease could further suppress consumer spending on discretionary items. If any of these events should occur, the Company’s future sales could decline.

Changes to existing laws or regulations, or the adoption of new laws or regulations, whether in the United States or in any of the other key markets in which the Company does business, could require the Company to change any number of its business practices which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.

The Company conducts business, either directly or indirectly, in numerous countries and accordingly is subject to a multitude of legal requirements impacting every aspect of its operations. Changes to existing laws and regulations or new laws and regulations could impose new requirements and additional, associated costs on the Company and its suppliers, making the Company’s products more costly to produce, forcing the Company to change its existing business practices and potentially affecting its financial condition and results of operations. The Swiss parliament recently amended its Federal Act on the ProtectionFor example, upon request of Trade Marks and Indications of Source to require that a greater percentage of manufacturing costs be incurred in Switzerland for goods to bear a Swiss indication of origin. The date of entry into force of this new, so-called “Swissness” act remains to be confirmed and its implementation with respect to watches requires the further approval of an ordinance by the Swiss Federal Counsel. A draft of suchGovernment, an ordinance has been proposedwas drafted by the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry (“FH”)., which became effective on January 31, 2017, subject to a two-year transition period. Under the FH draft ordinance, (which calls for a five year transition period from the date the ordinance is approved), a watch may only be marked with a Swiss indication of origin if, in addition to meeting existing requirements, the design and prototyping of the watch occurred in, and that at least 60% percent of the manufacturing costs were incurred in Switzerland. Compliance with the new Swissness law and regulations may require the Company to incur additional costs and seek different sources of supply, which may increase the production costs of Movado, Ebel and Concord watches. The Company may also be unable to secure adequate Swiss-based suppliers to meet all of its needs. If the production costs for these watches become more expensive or the watches can no longer be marked as “Swiss”,“Swiss,” the Company may then be at a competitive disadvantage as compared to other watch brands and sales of its products may decline, adversely affecting its financial condition and results of operations. In addition, U.S. presidential administration has raised the possibility of significantly increasing U.S. tariffs or taxes on the importation of foreign goods. Any such increase could materially increase the Company’s cost of watches sold in the United States, which is the Company’s single largest market, and could thereby materially and adversely affect the Company’s sales, costs and results of operations. Furthermore, if any new legislation and/or regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated, it may be time-consuming and expensive for the Company to alter its business operations in order to adapt to or comply with such changes, which also could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.    

The overall tax environment has made it increasingly challenging for multinational corporations to operate with certainty around taxation in many jurisdictions. For example, the European Commission has investigated whether local country tax rulings or tax legislation provide preferential tax treatment that violates European Union state aid rules. In addition, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which represents a coalition of western countries, is supporting changes to numerous long-standing tax principles through its base erosion and profit shifting project, which is focused on a number of issues, including the shifting of profits among affiliated entities located in different tax jurisdictions. Furthermore, a number of countries where the Company does business, including many European countries, are considering changes in relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations and interpretations, including changes to tax laws applicable to multinational corporations. Finally, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”) became law in the United States on December 22, 2017. This new law contains significant changes to corporate taxation, including, among other things, a reduction of the corporate tax rate to 21% from 35%, a one-time taxation of accumulated foreign earnings regardless of whether they are repatriated, limitations on the deduction for interest expense, immediate tax deductions for five years for new investments instead of deductions for depreciation expense over time, disallowance of deductions for certain performance-based executive compensation, elimination of the deduction for certain domestic production activities, and a migration from a “worldwide” system of taxation to a modified territorial system. The interpretation of many provisions of the 2017 Tax Act is still unclear. It is also unclear whether Congress will address any of these issues or when the Internal Revenue Service may issue administrative guidance on the changes to tax law. In addition, foreign countries may decide to enact tax laws that may negatively affect the Company’s foreign tax liabilities in response to any real or perceived negative effects of the U.S. tax changes on their countries, and/or states or local governments may decide to enact tax laws that may increase tax liabilities for companies doing business in those jurisdictions as they see opportunities to capitalize on the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate. This increasingly complex global tax environment could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s effective tax rate, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

The “Brexit” vote has created significant uncertainty for the Company’s U.K. business operations which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

On June 23, 2016, the results of the United Kingdom (“U.K”) European Union (“E.U.”) Membership Referendum (“Brexit”) were announced approving the withdrawal of the U.K. from the E.U. In March 2017, the U.K. government initiated the exit process under Article 50 of the Treaty of the E.U. The terms of any withdrawal are subject to a negotiation period that could last for up to two years. These events have created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.K. and the E.U. as, among other things, the U.K. determines which E.U. laws to replace or replicate, including financial laws and regulations, tax and free trade agreements, immigration and employment laws, environmental and health and safety laws and intellectual property laws. While the full scope of implementation of Brexit is unclear, the Company may face significant regulatory and other changes and may incur additional costs and expenses as it adapts to potentially divergent legal and regulatory frameworks. Because the Company’s U.K. subsidiary imports watches from its subsidiaries based in Switzerland, Brexit could potentially disrupt the Company’s ability to service the U.K. market and increase tariffs that the Company pays to import product into the U.K. Furthermore, the announcement of Brexit caused significant volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rate fluctuations that resulted in the weakening of the British Pound against other currencies in which the Company conducts business and has also caused other members of the E.U. to consider exit as well, which could lead to further disruptions and uncertainty with respect to the Company’s business operations. This weakening of the British Pound may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations in a number of ways, including by increasing the Company’s U.K. subsidiary’s costs of goods sold and by reducing the U.S. dollar value of operating income earned by the Company’s U.K. subsidiary. Any such disruption and uncertainty could affect the Company’s relationships with customers, suppliers and employees, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company faces intense competition in the worldwide watch industry not only from competitors selling traditional watches but also from those selling smart watches and other smart wearables.

The watch industry is highly competitive and the Company competes globally with numerous manufacturers, importers, distributors and Internet-based retailers, some of which are larger than the Company and have greater financial, distribution, advertising and marketing resources than the Company. The Company’s products compete on the basis of price, features, brand image, design, perceived desirability, reliability and perceived attractiveness. However, there can be no assurance that the Company’s products will compete effectively in the future and, unless the Company remains competitive, its future results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. The Company also faces increased, new competition from companies introducing and selling smart wearable devices including smart watches. Many of these companies have significantly greater financial, distribution, advertising and marketing resources than does the Company. The sale of these new smart products could materially adversely impact the traditional watch market and the Company’s results of operations and financial condition unless the Company is able to effectively compete in this new product area. The Company’s ability to successfully design, produce, market and sell products which are competitive with smart watches and other similar wearables will depend,depends, among other things, on its ability to obtain and maintain the necessary expertise in this area by enhancing its internal capabilities or by entering into and maintaining business relationships with third parties that have such expertise. Even if theThe Company ismay not be able to launch commercially successful smart watcheswatch models or other such products there is no assurance that it will be able to do so in a timely manner or frequently enough to remain competitive or that those products will be successful commercially.competitive. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition or could result in the Company’s products not achieving market acceptance or becoming obsolete.  

The design, sourcing, marketing, distribution and after-sales servicing of smart watches involve additional challenges to those applicable to traditional watches.

Although smart watches share certain characteristics with traditional watches, there are important differences in the way the two sets of products are designed, sourced, marketed, distributed, and serviced after they are sold. These differences may make it more difficult to compete successfully in the smart watch market, particularly for competitors such as the Company that do not have significant experience with similar consumer technology products. Although the Company has used and expects to continue to use reputable technology companies to assist it in bringing smart watches to market and supporting end-user customers, there are technology-related and other risks of competing in this market that cannot be eliminated. For example, smart watches’ significant reliance on technology increases the risk of allegations of infringement on the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, technical difficulties or product defects may adversely impact sales of smart watches and may have a negative impact on any brand under which an affected smart watch is sold. In addition, although the Company does not currently provide longer warranties on its smart watches than it does for its traditional watches, consumers may expect that smart watches purchased by them, particularly smart watches in the Company’s Owned Brands category, will for many years continue to function and be compatible with the smartphone operating systems with which they were intended to interface, including future updates to such operating systems. Since the Company has no control over such operating system updates, it cannot be certain that it will be able to ensure that its smart watches continue to interface with smartphones using such updated operating systems. If the Company fails to meet consumers’ expectations regarding the long-term

functioning of its smart watches, the Company may suffer reputational damage that could adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Maintaining favorable brand recognition is essential to the success of the Company, and failure to do so could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.

Favorable brand recognition is an important factor to the future success of the Company. The Company sells its products under a variety of owned and licensed brands. Factors affecting brand recognition are often outside the Company’s control, and the Company’s efforts to create or enhance favorable brand recognition, such as making significant investments in marketing and advertising campaigns (including increased exposure through social media, influencer messaging and other digital advertising channels), product design and anticipation of fashion trends, may not have their desired effects. Additionally, the Company relies on its licensors to maintain favorable brand recognition of their respective brands, and the Company often has no control over the brand management efforts of its licensors. Finally, although the Company’s independent distributors are subject to contractual requirements to protect the Company’s brands, it may be difficult to monitor or enforce such requirements, particularly in foreign jurisdictions.

Any decline in perceived favorable recognition of the Company’s owned or licensed brands and any negative response to social media, influencer or other digital media campaigns could materially and adversely affect future results of operations and profitability. If the Company is unable to respond to changes in consumer demands and fashion trends in a timely manner, sales and profitability could be adversely affected.

Fashion trends and consumer demands and tastes often shift quickly. The Company attempts to monitor these trends in order to adapt its product offerings to suit customer demand. There is a risk that the Company will not properly perceive changes in trends or tastes, which may result in the failure to adapt the Company’s products accordingly. In addition, new model designs are regularly introduced into the market for all brands to keep ahead of evolving fashion trends as well as to initiate new trends of their own. There is risk that the public may not favor these new models or that the models may not be ready for sale until after the trend has passed. If the Company fails to respond to and keep up to date with fashion trends and consumer demands and tastes, its brand image, sales, profitability and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If the Company misjudges the demand for its products, high inventory levels could adversely affect future operating results and profitability.

Consumer demand for the Company’s products can affect inventory levels. If consumer demand is lower than expected, inventory levels can rise causing a strain on operating cash flow.flows. If the inventory cannot be sold through the Company’s wholesale channel or retail outlets,outlet locations, additional write-downs or write-offs to future earnings could be necessary. Conversely, if consumer demand is higher than expected, insufficient inventory levels could result in unfilled customer orders, loss of revenue and an unfavorable impact on customer relationships. In particular, volatility and uncertainty related to macro-economic factors make it more difficult for the Company to forecast customer demand in its various markets. Failure to properly judge consumer demand and properly manage inventory could have a material adverse effect on profitability and liquidity.

An increase in product returns could negatively impact the Company’s operating results and profitability.

The Company recognizes revenue as sales when merchandise is shipped and title and risk of loss transfers to the customer. The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products and accepts limited amounts of product returns in certain instances. Accordingly, the Company provides allowances for the estimated amounts of these returns at the time of revenue recognition based on historical experience. While such returns have historically been within management’s expectations and the provisions established, future return rates may differ from those experienced in the past.past, in particular in light of the Company’s entry into the smart watch market. Any significant increase in damaged or defective products or expected returns could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results for the period or periods in which such returns materialize.

The Company’s business relies on the use of independent parties to manufacture its products. Any loss of an independent manufacturer, or the Company’s inability to deliver quality goods in a timely manner, could have an adverse effect on customer relations, brand image, net sales and results of operations.

The Company employs a flexible manufacturing model that relies on independent manufacturers to meet shifts in marketplace demand. Most of these manufacturers rely on third party suppliers for the various component parts needed to assemble finished watches sold to the Company. All such independent manufacturers and suppliers must achieve and maintain the Company’s high quality standards and specifications. The inability of a manufacturer to ship orders in a timely manner or to meet the Company’s high quality standards and specifications could cause the Company to miss committed delivery dates with customers, which could result in cancellation of the customers’ orders. In addition, delays in delivery of satisfactory products could have a material adverse effect on

the Company’s profitability, particularly if the delays cause the Company to be unable to market certain products during the seasonal periods when its sales are typically higher. See “Risk Factors – The Company’s business is seasonal, with sales traditionally greater during certain holiday seasons, so events and circumstances that adversely affect holiday consumer spending will have a disproportionately adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.” A majority of the Swiss watch movements used in the manufacture of Movado, Ebel Concord and ESQConcord watches are purchased from two suppliers, one of which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of one of the Company’s competitors. Additionally, the Company generally does not have long-term supply commitments with its manufacturers and thus competes for production facilities with other organizations, some of which are larger and have greater resources. Any loss of an independent manufacturer or disruption in the supply chain with respect to critical component parts may result in the Company’s inability to deliver quality goods in a timely manner and could have an adverse effect on customer relations, brand image, net sales and results of operations.

The Company contractually obligates its contract manufacturers to adhere to the Company’s vendor code of conduct and similar codes of conduct adopted by the Company’s trademark licensors and the Company monitors compliance with those codes by conducting periodic factory audits. There can be no assurance, however, that any of those independent manufacturers or one or more of the Company’s licensors might not violate labor or other laws or use labor practices that deviate from those generally accepted as ethical in the United States or other countries in which the violation or other activities occurred. Such an event could interrupt or otherwise disrupt the shipment of finished products or damage the Company’s reputation and could have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The loss or shut down of any of the Company’s major warehouse and distribution centers could materially adversely affect its business.

The Company operates one distribution facility in New Jersey that is responsible for importing and warehousing products as well as fulfilling and shipping orders to all of the Company’s customers in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean.Caribbean and for many of the Company’s customers in Latin America. The Company operates a smaller, similar facility in Bienne, Switzerland for the distribution of its Swiss watch brands throughout Europe and the Middle East, andEast. In addition, the Company has contracted with a third partythird-party warehouse and fulfillment provider in Asia to handle most of the distribution of its licensed brands.brands and with another third-party warehouse and fulfillment provider in the U.K. to handle a significant portion of the distribution of the Olivia Burton brand. In fiscal 2018, the Company consolidated two third-party warehouse and distribution centers in France and the U.K. into a new third-party facility in the Netherlands for the distribution of its watch brands in Europe. In fiscal 2018, the Company also contracted with a third-party warehouse and fulfillment provider in Mexico through which the Company fulfills and ships orders to the Company’s customers in that country. The complete or partial loss or temporary shutdown of any of thesethe Company’s or third parties’ warehouse and distribution facilities (including as a result of fire or other casualty or labor or other disturbances) could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. In addition, the Company’s New Jersey warehouse and distribution facility is operated in a special purpose sub-zone established by the U.S. Department of Commerce Foreign Trade Zone Board and is highly regulated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, which, under certain circumstances, has the right to shut down the entire sub-zone and, therefore, the entire warehouse and distribution facility. If that were to occur, the Company’s ability to fill orders for its U.S., Canadian, Latin American and Caribbean customers would be significantly impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

If the Company loses any of its license agreements, there may be significant loss of revenues and a negative effect on business.

The Company has the right to produce, market and distribute watches under the brand names of ESQ, Coach, Tommy Hilfiger, HUGO BOSS, Juicy Couture, Scuderia Ferrari, Lacoste and LacosteRebecca Minkoff pursuant to license agreements with the respective owners of those trademarks. There are certain minimum royalty payments as well as other requirements associated with thesethe Company’s license agreements. Failure to meet any of these requirements could result in the loss of the license. Additionally, after the term of any license agreement has concluded, the licensor may decide not to renew with the Company. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2015,2018, the above mentioned licensed brands represented approximately 51%48.8% of the Company’s net sales. While no individual licensed brand represented net sales greater than 20% of the Company’s total consolidated net sales and the Company is not substantially dependent on any one licensed brand, the loss of any single licensed brand could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and although the Company is not substantially dependent on a particular license brand, the loss of one or more of the Company’s licenses could result in loss of future revenues which could adversely affect its financial condition. In addition, the Company’s revenues and profitability under its various license agreements may change from period to period due to various factors, including the maturity of the Company's relationship with the respective licensor, changes in consumer preferences, brand repositioning activities and other factors, some of which are outside of the Company's control.

Changes in the sales or channel mix of the Company’s products could impact gross profit margins.

The individual brands that are sold by the Company are sold at a wide range of price points and yield a variety of gross profit margins. In addition, sales of excess and/or discontinued inventory into the liquidation channel generate a lower gross profit margin than non-liquidation sales. Thus, the mix of sales by brand as well as by distribution channel can have an impact on the gross profit margins of

the Company. If the Company’s sales mix shifts unfavorably toward brands with lower gross profit margins than the Company’s historical consolidated gross profit margin or if a greater proportion of liquidation sales are made, it could have an adverse effect on the results of operations.

The Company’s business is seasonal, with sales traditionally greater during certain holiday seasons, so events and circumstances that adversely affect holiday consumer spending will have a disproportionately adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

The Company’s sales are seasonal by nature. The Company’s U.S. sales are traditionally greater during the Christmas and holiday season. Internationally, major selling seasons center on significant local holidays that occur in late winter or early spring. The amount of net sales and operating income generated during these seasons depends upon the general level of retail sales at such times, as well as economic conditions and other factors beyond the Company’s control. The second half of each year accounted for 54.9%59.8% (which includes the acquisition of the Olivia Burton brand on July 3, 2017), 56.5%,56.2% and 56.1%55.3% of the Company’s net sales for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2015, 2014,2018, 2017, and 2013,2016, respectively. If events or circumstances were to occur that negatively impact consumer spending during such holiday seasons, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s sales, profitability and results of operations.

Sales in the Company’s retail outlet storeslocations are dependent upon customer foot traffic.

The success of the Company’s retail outlet storeslocations is, to a certain extent, dependent upon the amount of customer foot traffic generated by the outlet centers in which those stores are located.

Factors that can affect customer foot traffic include:

Additionally, since most of the Company’s outlet storesretail outlets are located near vacation destinations, factors that affect travel could decrease outlet center traffic. Such factors include the price and supply of fuel, travel concerns and restrictions, international instability, terrorism and inclement weather. A reduction in foot traffic in relevant shopping centers could have a material adverse effect on retail sales and profitability.

If the Company is unable to maintain existing space or to lease new space for its retail storesoutlets in prime outlet center locations or is unable to complete construction on a timely basis, the Company’s ability to achieve favorable results in its retail business could be adversely affected.

The Company’s outlet stores are strategically located in top outlet centers in the United States, most of which are located near vacation destinations. If the Company cannot maintain and secure locations in prime outlet centers for its outlet stores on acceptable lease terms, it could jeopardize the operations of the stores and business plans for the future. Additionally, if the Company cannot complete construction in new stores within the planned timeframes, cost overruns and lost revenue could adversely affect the profitability of the retail segment.

The Company’s e-commerce business is subject to numerous risks that could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

Although sales through the Company’s e-commerce channels have constituted a small portion of its net sales historically, such sales are growing quickly and the Company expects to continue to grow its e-commerce business in the future. The recent acquisition of the Olivia Burton brand has further increased the importance of the Company’s e-commerce sales and marketing channels. Though direct-to-consumer sales generally have higher profit margins and provide the Company with useful insight into the sales impact of certain of

the Company’s marketing campaigns, further development of the Company’s e-commerce business also subjects the Company to a number of risks. The Company’s online sales may negatively impact the Company’s relationships with retail customers and distributors and their willingness to invest in the Company’s brands if they perceive that the Company is competing with them.

There also is a risk that the Company’s e-commerce business may divert sales from the Company’s own brick and mortar stores. The Company’s failure to successfully respond to these risks might adversely affect sales in the Company’s e-commerce business as well as damage its reputation and brands.

In addition, online commerce is subject to increasing regulation by states, the U.S. federal government, and various foreign jurisdictions. Compliance with these laws may increase the Company’s costs of doing business, and the Company’s failure to comply with these laws may subject the Company to potential fines, claims for damages and other remedies, any of which would have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.  

If the technology-based systems that give the Company’s customers the ability to shop online do not function effectively, the Company’s operating results, as well as its ability to grow its digital commerce business globally, could be materially adversely affected.

Customers shop with the Company through its online platforms. Increasingly, customers are using tablets and smartphones to shop online and to do comparison shopping. The Company is increasingly using social media and proprietary mobile applications to interact with the Company’s customers and as a means to enhance their shopping experience. Any failure on average plansthe Company’s part to provide attractive, effective, reliable, user-friendly digital commerce platforms that offer a wide assortment of merchandise with rapid delivery options and that continually meet the changing expectations of online shoppers could place the Company at a competitive disadvantage, result in the loss of e-commerce and other sales, harm the Company’s reputation with customers, and have a material adverse impact on the growth of the Company’s e-commerce business globally and its results of operations.  

Furthermore, the Company’s e-commerce operations subject the Company to risks related to the computer systems that operate the Company’s websites and related support systems, such as system failures, viruses, computer hackers and similar disruptions. If the Company is unable to continually add software and hardware, effectively upgrade its systems and network infrastructure and take other steps to improve the efficiency of its systems, system interruptions or delays could occur that adversely affect the Company’s operating results and harm the Company’s brands. The Company depends on its technology vendors to manage “up time” of the front-end e-commerce stores, manage the intake of orders, and export orders for twofulfillment. Any failure on the part of the Company’s third-party e-commerce vendors or in the Company’s ability to three new stores or renovations per fiscal year. The average time required to build-out or renovate each storetransition third-party services effectively could result in lost sales and open it after delivery of possession is generally less than 60 days.harm the Company’s brands.

Current or future cost reduction, streamlining, restructuring or business optimization initiatives could result in the Company incurring various one-time, non-recurring or unusual charges and other items, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reported earnings per share and other unadjusted financial measures.

In the course of the Company’s efforts to implement its business plan to adapt to the changing economic environment, the Company may be required to take actions that could result in the incurrence of various one-time, non-recurring or unusual charges and other items. These charges and other items may include severance and relocation expenses, write-offs or write-downs of assets, impairment charges, facilities closure costs or other business optimization costs. In general, these costs will reduce the Company’s operating income and net income (along with the associated unadjusted per share measures). Therefore, such charges and other items could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reported results of operations and the market price of the Company’s securities.

If the Company is unable to successfully implement its growth strategies, its future operating results could suffer.

There are certain risks involved in the Company seeking to expand its business through acquisitions, license agreements, joint ventures and other initiatives. There is risk involved with each of these. Acquisitions and new license agreements require the Company to ensure that new brands will successfully complement the other brands in its portfolio. The Company assumes the risk that the new brand will not be viewed by the public as favorably as its other brands. In addition, the integration of an acquired company or licensed brand into the Company’s existing business can strain the Company’s current infrastructure with the additional work required and there can be no assurance that the integration of acquisitions or licensed brands will be successful or that acquisitions or licensed brands will generate sales increases. The Company needs to ensure it has the adequate human resources and systems in place to allow for successful assimilation of new businesses. The inability to successfully implement its growth strategies could adversely affect the Company’s future financial condition and results of operations.

The loss or infringement of the Company’s trademarks or other intellectual property rights could have an adverse effect on future results of operations.

The Company believes that its trademarks and other intellectual property rights are vital to the competitiveness and success of its business and therefore it takes all appropriate actions to register and protect them. Such actions may not be adequate to prevent imitation of the Company’s products or infringement of its intellectual property rights, or to assure that others will not challenge the Company’s rights, or that such rights will be successfully defended. Moreover, the laws of some foreign countries, including some in which the Company sells its products, may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States, which could make it more difficult to successfully defend such challenges to them. The Company’s inability to obtain or maintain rights in its trademarks, including its licensed marks, could have an adverse effect on brand image and future results of operations.

Fluctuations in the pricing of commodities or the cost of labor could adversely affect the Company’s ability to produce products at favorable prices.

Some of the Company’s higher-end watch offerings are made with materials such as diamonds, precious metals and gold. The Company relies on independent contractors to manufacture and assemble the majority of its watch brands. A significant change in the prices of these commodities or the cost of third-party labor could adversely affect the Company’s business by:

Any and all of the above events could adversely affect the Company’s future cash flowflows and results of operations.

The Company’s business is subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk.

A significant portion of the Company’s inventory purchases are denominated in Swiss francs.francs and, to a lesser extent, the Japanese Yen. The Company also sells to third-party customers in a variety of foreign currencies, most notably the Euro and the British Pound. The Company reduces its exposure to the Swiss franc, Euro, British Pound and Japanese Yen exchange rate riskrisks through a hedging program. Under the hedging program, the Company manages most of its foreign currency exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows it to net certain exposures and take advantage of natural offsets. In the event these exposures do not offset, the Company has the ability under a hedging program to utilize forward exchange contracts and purchased foreign currency options to mitigate foreign currency risk. If thesethe Company does not utilize hedge instruments or if such instruments are unsuccessful at minimizing the risk or are deemed ineffective, any fluctuation of the Swiss franc, Euro, British Pound, Hong Kong dollar or Japanese Yen exchange raterates could impact the future results of operations. Changes in currency exchange rates may also affect relative prices at which the Company and its foreign competitors sell products in the same market. Additionally, a portion of the Company’s net sales are recorded in its foreign subsidiaries in a currency other than the local currency of that subsidiary. This predominantly occurs in the Company’s Hong Kong and Swiss subsidiaries when they sell to Euro and British Pound based customers. As of January 31, 2015, this exposure was not hedged by the Company. StartingBeginning in fiscal 2016, the Company plans to utilizehas utilized forward exchange contracts to mitigate this exposure. AnyTo the extent not hedged, any fluctuation in the Euro and British Pound exchange rates in relation to the Hong Kong dollar and Swiss franc would have an effect on these sales that are recorded in Euros and British Pounds. The currency effect on these sales has an equal effect on their recorded gross profit since the costs of these sales are recorded in the entities’ respective local currency. As a result of these and other foreign currency sales, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have outstanding foreign currency receivables. Furthermore, since the Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, revenues, income and expenses, as well as assets and liabilities of foreign currency denominated subsidiaries must be translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely affect the Company’s reported revenues, earnings, financial position and the comparability of results of operations from period to period.

From time to time the Company is subject to legal proceedings that could result in significant expenses, fines and reputational damage.

The Company is involved in legal proceedings and other disputes from time to time, including those involving consumers, employees and contractual counterparties, as well as governmental audits and investigations. The most significant of these proceedings are described in Item 3 “Legal Proceedings” of this report. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of legal disputes. The Company could in the future be required to pay significant amounts as a result of settlements, judgments or fines in these matters, potentially in excess of accruals. The resolution of, or increase in accruals for, one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and cash flows.

The Grinberg family owns a majority of the voting power of the Company’s stock.

Each share of common stock of the Company is entitled to one vote per share while each share of class A common stock of the Company is entitled to ten votes per share. While the members of the Grinberg family do not own a majority of the Company’s outstanding common stock, by their significant holdings of class A common stock they control a majority of the voting power represented by all outstanding shares of both classes of stock. Consequently, the Grinberg family is in a position to determine or significantly influence any matters that are brought to a vote of the shareholders including, but not limited to, the election of the Board of Directors and any action requiring the approval of shareholders, including any amendments to the Company’s certificate of incorporation, mergers or sales of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. This concentration of ownership also may delay, defer or even prevent a change in control of the Company and make some transactions more difficult or impossible without the support of the Grinberg family. These transactions might include proxy contests, tender offers, mergers or other purchases of shares of common stock that could give stockholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company’s stock price could fluctuate and possibly decline due to changes in revenue, operating results and cash flow.flows.

The Company’s revenue, results of operations and cash flowflows can be affected by several factors, some of which are not within its control. Those factors include, but are not limited to, those described as risk factors in this Item 1A1A. and under “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1.

Any or all of these factors could cause a decline in revenues or increased expenses, both of which could have an adverse effect on the results of operations. If the Company’s earnings failed to meet the expectations of the public in any given period, the Company’s stock price could fluctuate and possibly decline.

If the Company were to lose its relationship with any of its key customers or distributors or any of such customers or distributors were to experience financial difficulties or go out of business, there may be a significant loss of revenue and operating results.

The Company’s customer base covers a wide range of distribution including national jewelry store chains, department stores, independent regional jewelers, licensors’ retail stores and a network of independent distributors in many countries throughout the world. Except for its agreements with independent distributors, the Company does not have long-term sales contracts with its customers, nor does it have a significant backlog of unfilled orders.customers. Customer purchasing decisions could vary with each selling season. A material change in the Company’s customers’ purchasing decisions could have an adverse effect on its revenue and operating results.

The Company extends credit to its customers based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition usually without requiring collateral. Should any of the Company’s larger customers experience financial difficulties, it could result in the Company’s curtailing of doing business with them, an increased rate of product returns or an increase in its exposure related to its accounts receivable. The inability to collect on these receivables could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial results and cash flows.

In many countries, independent distributors are entitled to seek compensation from the entity that granted them distribution rights upon termination of the parties’ contractual relationship. Such compensation can equal or exceed one year’s worth of the distributor’s profits attributable to the distribution of the relevant goods. Although the Company generally renews its agreements with most of its distributors at the end of the then-current contractual term, if the Company elects not to renew its distribution agreements with large distributors or with multiple smaller distributors, it may be required to make material termination payments to such distributors, which would have an adverse effect on its operating results.

The inability or difficulty of the Company’s customers, suppliers and business partners to obtain credit could materially and adversely affect its results of operations and liquidity.

Many of the Company’s customers, suppliers and business partners rely on a stable, liquid and well-functioning financial system to fund their operations and a disruption in their ability to access liquidity could cause serious disruptions to or an overall deterioration of their businesses which could impair their ability to meet their obligations to the Company, including delivering product ordered by the Company and placing or paying for future orders of the Company’s products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and liquidity.

The Company’s wholesale business could be negatively affected by further changes of ownership, contraction and consolidation in the retail industry.industry, as well as by the consumer shift toward online sales.

A large portion of the Company’s U.S. wholesale business is based on sales to major jewelry store chains and department stores. In recent years, the retail industry has experienced changes in ownership, contraction and consolidations, with a number of jewelry chain stores and department store operators going out of business and liquidating their inventory.inventories. Future reorganizations, changes of ownership and consolidations could further reduce the number of retail doors in which the Company’s products are sold and increase the concentration of sales among fewer national or large regional retailers, which could materially adversely affect the Company’s wholesale business.

In addition, consumers’ growing preference for purchasing products online may reduce foot traffic at traditional retail stores and increase price competition for the Company’s products, which could discourage traditional retailers from investing in sales support for those products. This could reduce consumer demand for the Company’s products and thereby materially adversely affect the Company’s wholesale business.

If the Company were to lose key members of management or be unable to attract and retain the talent required for the business, operating results could suffer.

The Company’s ability to execute key operating initiatives as well as to deliver product and marketing concepts appealing to target consumers depends largely on the efforts and abilities of key executives and senior management’s competencies. The unexpected loss of one or more of these individuals could have an adverse effect on the future business. The Company cannot guarantee that it will be able to attract and retain the talent and skills needed in the future.

If the Company cannot secure financing and credit on favorable terms, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Credit and equity markets remain sensitive to world events and macro-economic developments. Therefore, the Company’s cost of borrowing may increase and it may be more difficult to obtain financing for the Company’s operations or to refinance long-term obligations as they become payable. In addition, the Company’s borrowing costs can be affected by independent rating agencies’ short and long-term debt ratings which are based largely on the Company’s performance as measured by credit metrics including interest coverage and leverage ratios. A decrease in these ratings would likely also increase the Company’s cost of borrowing and make it more difficult for it to obtain financing. A significant increase in the costs that the Company incurs in order to finance its operations may have a material adverse impact on its business results and financial condition.

A significant portion of the Company’s business is conducted outside of the United States. Many factors affecting business activities outside the United States could adversely impact this business.

The Company assemblesSubstantially all of itsthe Company’s watches are assembled in Europe and Asia. The Company also generates approximately 45%54.1% of its revenue from international sources.

Factors that could affect this business activity vary by region and market and generally include, without limitation:

If the Company waswere unable to protect the security of personal information about its customers or employees or prevent a privacy breach, it could be subject to costly government enforcement actions and private litigation and suffer significant negative publicity which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.

As part of the normal course of business the Company is involved in the receipt and storage of electronic information about customers and employees, as well as proprietary financial and non-financial data. Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transmission

and security of personal information by companies operating over the internet and mobile platforms have recently been subject to increased public scrutiny. Although the Company believes it has taken reasonable and appropriate actions to protect the security of this information, if the Company were to experience a security breach, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events, it could result in government enforcement actions and private litigation, attract a substantial amount of media attention, and damage the Company’s reputation and its relationships with its customers and employees, materially adversely affecting the Company’s sales and results of operations. This risk has increased with the launch of the Company’s smart watches, which collect and transmit personal data about the consumers who purchase and use them.

The Company relies on information systems to conduct its business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches could adversely affect its business and results of operations. Additionally, if these systems fail or become unavailable for any significant period of time, the Company’s business could be harmed.

The efficient operation of the Company’s business is dependent on computer hardware and software systems. Information systems are vulnerable to security breaches by computer hackers and cyber terrorists. The Company relies on industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain confidential and proprietary information maintained on its information systems. However, these measures and technology may not adequately prevent security breaches. In addition, the unavailability of the information systems or the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated for any reason could disrupt the Company’s business and could result in decreased performance and increased operating costs, causing the Company’s business and results of operations to suffer. Any significant interruption or failure of the Company’s information systems or any significant breach of security could adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations.

The Company is subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection that could result in legal claims, changes to business practices and increased costs that could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.

The Company is subject to a variety of U.S and foreign laws and regulations governing privacy and data protection. The introduction of new products, such as smart watches, and the expansion of our business in certain jurisdictions may subject us to additional such laws and regulations. These U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations are evolving and the restrictions imposed thereby may increase and are not always clear. There are currently a number of proposals pending before federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies that may increase restrictions relating to the receipt, transfer and processing of personal data. In addition, foreign court decisions and regulatory actions could impact our ability to receive, transfer and process personal data relating to our employees and direct and indirect customers. For example, in October 2015 the European Union’s highest court, the European Court of Justice, struck down an agreement with the U.S. government regarding a 15-year-old “safe harbor” relied upon by thousands of companies, including the Company, to transfer personal information of European residents to the United States. On February 2, 2016, the European Commission and the U.S. Department of Commerce announced an agreement on a new framework for transatlantic data flows to replace the invalidated U.S.-E.U. Safe Harbor framework. The final E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield was adopted in July 2016, and the Company is considering possible participation in the program. In the meantime, the Company complies with the European Commission’s directives regarding transatlantic data flows via intercompany agreements between its European and U.S. entities by regulating such flows with agreements that contain Standard Contractual Clauses in the form approved by the European Commission. Pending litigation brought by the same party who persuaded the European Court of Justice to strike down the “safe harbor” seeks to invalidate the use of Standard Contractual Clauses throughout the E.U. and force widespread changes to the receipt, transfer and processing of personal data. Compliance with any such changes could be expensive and may place restrictions on the conduct of the Company’s business and the manner in which the Company interacts with its customers. Existing and proposed privacy and data protection laws and regulations result and may continue to result in significant compliance and operating costs and negative publicity for the Company, and may subject it to remedies that may harm its business, including fines and orders to modify or cease existing business practices. In particular, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) scheduled to go into effect in May 2018 sets forth new requirements regarding the handling of personal data and will increase the compliance burden on the Company and other commercial entities that gather or process personal information of citizens of E.U. countries. Although the Company has a program underway to address GDPR requirements, the Company’s efforts to comply with GDPR and other privacy and data protection laws may entail substantial expenses, may divert resources from other initiatives and projects and could limit the services the Company is able to offer. Furthermore, enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities relate to data security incidents and privacy violations continue to increase. The enactment of more restrictive laws, rules, regulations, or future enforcement actions or investigations could impact the Company through increased costs or restrictions on the Company’s business, and noncompliance could result in regulatory penalties and significant legal liability. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company depends on its information systems to run its business and any significant disruption to those systems could materially disrupt the Company’s business and adversely affect its results of operations.

The Company relies on its information systems to operate every aspect of its world-wide business, including, without limitation, order processing, inventory and supply chain management, customer communications, purchasing and financial reporting. Although the Company attempts to take all reasonable steps to mitigate the risks to its information management systems, including such measures as the use of firewalls, automatically expiring passwords, encryption technology and periodic vulnerability tests, no system can be completely secure against all threats. It is possible that the Company’s information systems will experience system failures, viruses, security breaches, power outages, network and telecommunications failures, usage errors by our employees, harmful acts by our website visitors or other events which could disable or significantly impair the systems’ functionality. Additionally, the Company’s systems may fail to operate properly or effectively, experience problems transitioning to upgraded or replacement systems or difficulties in integrating new systems. Any material disruption or slowdown of the Company’s information systems could result in the loss of critical data, the inability to process and properly record transactions and could materially impair the Company’s ability to conduct business, leading to cancelled orders and lost sales. In addition, the Company engages in e-commerce and is vulnerable to certain additional risks and uncertainties associated with the Internet, including changes in required technology interfaces, website downtime and other technical failures, security breaches and consumer privacy concerns. A breach and loss of data could also subject the Company to liability to its customers or suppliers and could also cause competitive harm if sensitive information is publicized. In the event the Company is not successful in responding to these risks and uncertainties, its online sales may decline, the associated costs with its e-commerce activity may increase and the reputation of its brands may be damaged.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.  Properties

The Company leases various facilities in North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia for its corporate, watch assembly, distribution and sales operations. As of January 31, 2015,2018, the Company’s leased facilities were as follows:

*The Company renegotiated the square footage of the lease for this location, which will be reduced to 90,050 square feet, effective the second quarter of fiscal 2019.

All of the foregoing facilities are used exclusively in connection with the wholesaleWholesale segment of the Company’s business except that a portion of the Company’s executive office space in Paramus, New Jersey is used in connection with management of its retail business.

Since acquiring itEbel in 2004, as part of its acquisition of Ebel, the Company owns an architecturally significant building in La Chaux-de-Fonds.Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.

The Company also owns approximately 2,500 square feet of office space in Hanau, Germany, which it previously used for sales, distribution and watch repair functions.

The Company also leases retail space averaging 1,700 square feet per store with leases expiring from January 2016March 2018 (under negotiation) to September 20252027 for the operation of the Company’s 3840 retail outlet storeslocations in the United States.

The Company leases space in China for approximately 23 concession shops averaging 190 square feet per shop with leases expiring from March 2018 to August 2019.

The Company believes that its existing facilities are suitable and adequate for its current operations.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings and claims from time to time, in the ordinary course of its business.

On February 4, 2015, an individual plaintiff filed a complaint againstLegal reserves are recorded in accordance with the accounting guidance for contingencies. Contingencies are inherently unpredictable and it is possible that results of operations, balance sheets or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected in any particular period by unfavorable developments in, or resolution or disposition of, such matters. For those legal proceedings and claims for which the Company and several of its officers inbelieves that it is probable that a reasonably estimable loss may result, the United States District CourtCompany records a reserve for the District of New Jersey (the “Complaint”) as a purported class action, alleging that between March 26, 2014potential loss. For proceedings and November 13, 2014,claims where the Company made falsebelieves it is reasonably possible that a loss may result that is materially in excess of amounts accrued for the matter, the Company either discloses an estimate of such possible loss or range of loss or includes a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. The Company is party to legal proceedings and misleading statements aboutcontingencies, the resolution of which is not expected to materially affect its financial condition, future results of operations beyond the amounts accrued, or cash flows.

In December 2016, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“U.S. Customs”) issued an audit report concerning the methodology used by the Company to allocate the cost of certain watch styles imported into the U.S. among the component parts of those watches for tariff purposes. The report disputes the reasonableness of the Company’s financial performance. The Complaint also claimshistorical allocation formulas and proposes an alternative methodology that these alleged falsewould imply approximately $5.1 million in underpaid duties over the five-year period covered by the statute of limitations, plus possible penalties and misleading statements resulted in the Company’s stock trading at an artificially high price until November 14, 2014, when the Company issued a press release preliminarily announcing financial results and reducing its previous projections, after which the Company’s stock price fell.interest. The Company believes that U.S. Customs’ alternative duty methodology and estimate are not consistent with the ComplaintCompany’s facts and circumstances and is meritlessdisputing U.S. Customs’ position. The Company continues to provide U.S. Customs with supplemental analyses and information supporting the Company’s historical allocation formulas. Although the Company disagrees with U.S. Customs’ position, it cannot predict with any certainty the outcome of this matter. The Company intends to vigorously defend this matter.

The Company believes that it has valid legal defensescontinue to all of the matters currently pending against it. These matters are inherently unpredictable and the resolutions of these matters are subjectwork with U.S. Customs to many uncertainties and the outcomes are not predictable with assurance. Consequently, management is unable to estimate the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary loss, if any, amounts covered by insurance or the financial impact that will result from such matters.reach a mutually-satisfactory resolution.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

As of March 24, 2015,22, 2018 there were 5146 holders of record of the Company’s class A common stock and, the Company estimates, 6,1004,800 beneficial owners of the common stock represented by 414355 holders of record. The Company’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “MOV” and on March 24, 2015,22, 2018, the closing price of the Company’s common stock was $25.37.$32.25. In connection with the October 7, 1993 public offering, each share of the Company’s then currently existing class A common stock was converted into 10.46 shares of new class A common stock, par value of $0.01 per share (the “class A common stock”). Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of class A common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders. Each holder of class A common stock is entitled to convert, at any time, any and all such shares into the same number of shares of common stock. Each share of class A common stock is converted automatically into common stock in the event that the beneficial or record ownership of such shares of class A common stock is transferred to any person, except to certain family members or affiliated persons deemed “permitted transferees” pursuant to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation as amended. The class A common stock is not publicly traded and, consequently, there is currently no established public trading market for these shares. The following table sets forth high and low bid quotations reported for the Company’s common stock for each quarter during fiscal 20152018 and 20142017 and the dividends declared per share in respect of each such quarter.

During each of fiscal 20142018 and 2015,2017, the Company declared four quarters of dividends as indicated in the table above. The decision of whether to declare any future cash dividend, including the amount of any such dividend and the establishment of record and payment dates, will be determined, in each quarter, by the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion.

On November 25, 2014,August 29, 2017, the Board approved an increase in the Company’sa share repurchase program from $50.0 million, originally approved on March 21, 2013, to $100.0 million. Under the program,under which the Company is authorized to purchase sharesup to $50.0 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time, depending on market conditions, share price and other factors. The Company may purchase shares of its common stock through open market purchases, repurchase plans, block trades or otherwise. This authorization expires on JanuaryAugust 29, 2020 and replaced a prior share repurchase program approved by the Board on March 31, 2016.2016 under which the Company had been authorized to purchase up to $50.0 million of its outstanding common stock from time to time and under which approximately $5.5 million had been repurchased. During the twelve monthsfiscal year ended January 31, 2015,2018, under both the new and previously authorized repurchase plans, the Company repurchased a total of 833,973140,507 shares of its common stock at a total cost of approximately $26.4$3.6 million, or an average of $31.63$25.84 per share, which included 40,000 shares repurchased from the Movado Group Foundation at a total cost of approximately $1.1 million, or an average of $27.13 per share.

An aggregate of 30,105 shares were repurchased during the twelve months ended January 31, 2015 as a result of the surrender of shares of common stock in connection with the vesting of certain restricted stock awards and stock options. At the election of an employee, upon the vesting of a stock award or the exercise of a stock option, shares of common stock having an aggregate value on the vesting of the award or the exercise date of the option, as the case may be, equal to the employee’s withholding tax obligation may be surrendered to the Company by netting them from the vested shares issued. Similarly, shares having an aggregate value equal to the exercise price of an option may be tendered to the Company in payment of the option exercise price and netted from the shares of common stock issued upon the option exercise. An aggregate of 36,843 shares were repurchased during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018 as a result of the surrender of shares of common stock in connection with the vesting of certain restricted stock awards and stock options.

The following table summarizes information about the Company’s purchases of shares of its common stock in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015.2018.

Issuer Repurchase of Equity Securities

PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The performance graph set forth below compares the cumulative total shareholder return of the Company’s shares of common stock for the last five fiscal years through the fiscal year ended January 31, 20152018 with that of the Broad Market (NYSE Stock Market – U.S. Companies), the S&P SmallCap 600 Index and the Russell 2000 Index. Each index assumes an initial investment of $100.0 on January 31, 20102013 and the reinvestment of dividends (where applicable).

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

The selected financial data presented below has been derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements. This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Item 7 of this report. The Company’s subsidiary, Movado Retail Group, Inc., closed its Movado boutique division during its second quarter ended July 31, 2010. As a result, the financial results of the boutiques were reported as discontinued operations on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented. Amounts are in thousands except per share amounts:

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

GENERAL

Net Sales.    The Company operates and manages its business in two principal business segments –segments: Wholesale and Retail. The Company also operates in two geographic locations –locations: United States and International. Since April 30, 2014,July 31, 2017, the Company has divided its watch business into two principal categories: the luxury categoryowned and the licensed brands category.categories. The luxuryowned brands category consists of the Movado®, Olivia Burton®, Ebel®, Concord®, Movado® and ESQ® MovadoConcord® brands. Previously, the Company classified the MovadoMovado®, Ebel®, Concord® and the ESQESQ® Movado brands together as a separate category referred to as accessible luxury.luxury brands. Watches in the licensed brands category include the following brands manufactured and distributed under license agreements with the respective brand owners: Coach®, HUGO BOSS®, Juicy Couture®, Lacoste®, Tommy Hilfiger®, SCUDERIA FERRARI® and SCUDERIA FERRARI®Rebecca Minkoff® and Uri Minkoff®. These changes to the Company’s watch brand categories did not change the Company’s operatingreportable segments.

The primary factors that influence annual sales are general economic conditions in the Company’s U.S. and international markets, new product introductions, the level and effectiveness of advertising and marketing expenditures and product pricing decisions.

Approximately 45.0%54.1% of the Company’s total sales are from international markets (see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), and therefore reported sales made in those markets are affected by foreign exchange rates. The Company’s international sales are primarily billed in local currencies (predominantly Euros, British pounds and Swiss francs) and translated to U.S. dollars at average exchange rates for financial reporting purposes.

The Company divides its business into two major geographic locations: United States operations, and International, which includes the results of all other Company operations. The allocation of geographic revenue is based upon the location of the customer. The Company’s International operations in Europe, the Americas (excluding the United States), Asia and the Middle East and Asia account for 18.9%32.1%, 11.4%9.2%, 8.0%7.7% and 7.1%5.1%, respectively, of the Company’s total net sales for fiscal 2015.2018. Substantially all of the Company’s internationaltangible International assets are located in Switzerlandowned by the Company’s Swiss and Asia.Hong Kong subsidiaries.

The Company’s business is seasonal. There are two major selling seasons in the Company’s markets: the spring season, which includes school graduations and several holidays and, most importantly, the Christmas and holiday season. Major selling seasons in certain international markets center on significant local holidays that occur in late winter or early spring. The Company’s net sales historically have been higher during the second half of the fiscal year. The second half of each fiscal year accounted for 54.9%59.8% (which includes the acquisition of the Olivia Burton brand on July 3, 2017), 56.5%56.2%, and 56.1%55.3% of the Company’s net sales for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2015, 20142018, 2017 and 2013,2016, respectively.

The Company’s retail operations consist of 3840 retail outlet stores locatedlocations throughout the United States.  

The significant factors that influence annual sales volumes in the Company’s retail operations are similar to those that influence U.S. wholesale sales. In addition, most of the Company’s retail outlet storeslocations are located near vacation destinations and, therefore, the seasonality of these stores is driven by the peak tourist seasons associated with these locations.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $7.8 million to net sales, for anticipated returns in fiscal 2015 resulting from the Company’s strategic decision to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado watches in certain retail doors while expanding the Movado brand offering. The Company believes it did not fully realize all of the anticipated benefits of this strategy which was intended to drive incremental sales of its more productive Movado brand watch families by utilizing the increased case space at the point of sale that otherwise would have been occupied by relatively less productive ESQ Movado SKUs. Although Movado brand sales at retail increased while, at the same time, as expected, sales of ESQ Movado watches at retail declined, there was less of an increase than expected in the level of Movado watch sales at wholesale due to retailers tightly managing their inventory.  It is expected that this trend will continue into next year. The Company continues to offer ESQ Movado in select retail locations as well as its direct-to-consumer outlet stores and through e-commerce at Movado.com.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $4.9 million related to the repositioning of the Coach watch brand from a collection that is priced for sale in a department store’s fine watch department to one suitable for sale in the fashion watch department. The charge represented the Company’s estimated cost of the aggregate sales allowance to Coach watch retailers affected by the repositioning.

Gross Margins.    The Company’s overall gross margins are primarily affected by four major factors: brandchannel and product sales mix, product pricing strategy, manufacturing costs and fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates, in particular the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the Swiss franc and the Euro. Gross margins for the Company may not be comparable to those of other companies, since some companies include all the costs related to their distribution networks in cost of sales whereas the Company does not include the costs associated with its U.S. and Asia warehousing and distribution facilities nor the occupancy costs for the retailRetail segment in the cost of sales line item. Those costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Gross margins vary among the brands included in the Company’s portfolio and also among watch models within each brand. Watches in the luxuryowned brands category generally earn higher gross margin percentages than watches in the licensed brandbrands category. The difference in gross margin percentages for the licensed brandbrands category is primarily due to the impact of royalty payments made on the licensed brands. Gross margins in the Company’s e-commerce business generally earn higher gross margin percentages than those of the traditional wholesale business. Gross margins in the Company’s outlet business are affected by the mix of product sold and may exceed those of the wholesale business since the Company earns margins on its outlet storelocation sales from manufacture to point of sale to the consumer.

All of the Company’s brands compete with a number of other brands not only on styling but also on wholesale and retail price. The Company’s ability to improve margins through price increases is therefore, to some extent, constrained by competitors’ actions.

Cost of sales of the Company’s products consists primarily of costs for raw materials, component costs, royalties, assembly costs, design costs, depreciation, amortization and unit overhead costs associated with the Company’s supply chain operations predominately in Switzerland and Asia. The Company’s supply chain operations consist of logistics management of assembly operations and product sourcing predominately in Switzerland and Asia and minor assembly in Switzerland. Through productivity improvement efforts, the Company has controlled the level of overhead costs and maintained flexibility in its cost structure by outsourcing a significant portion of its component and assembly requirements.

Cost of sales of the Company’s products includes costs for raw material and components, as well as labor for assembly of finished goods, all of which can be impacted by inflation. While inflation in costs has negatively impacted gross margin percentage, this effect has not been material to the Company’s results of operations for the periods presented in this report. A significant increase in these costs due to inflation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future results of operations. WhileIn fiscal 2018, the Company may seek to offset the negative inflationary impact on these costs with price increases on its products, its ability to effectively do so will depend on the extent it can pass on price increases and still remain competitive in the marketplace.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, gross margin was impacted byrecorded a $7.5$0.8 million pre-tax charge, related to anticipated ESQ Movado watch brand returnstransaction charges and the write downamortization of ESQ Movado excess inventory. Thisacquisition accounting adjustments associated with the acquisition of the Olivia Burton brand, and a $1.3 million pre-tax charge resulted fromas part of the Company’s decisioncost savings initiatives. The Company, in fiscal 2018, better aligned its global infrastructure with the current business environment by consolidating certain operations and streamlining functions to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors. The Company reallocated certain of the ESQ Movado retail space in the first half of fiscal 2015 to drive incremental sales of its more productive Movado brand watch families,costs and continues to offer ESQ Movado in select retail locations as well as its direct-to-consumer outlet stores and Movado.com.improve profitability.

In calendar years 2010 through 2012, drawback claims were filed with U.S. Customs & Border Protection (“CBP”) to recover duty payments madefiscal 2016, the Company recorded a $0.6 million pre-tax charge as a result of actions taken by the Company in calendar years 2008 through 2011. The drawback claims concerned duty paid on watches that were subsequently exported from the United States. A number of drawback claims filed on behalf of the Company were denied by CBP in calendar year 2012to achieve greater operating efficiencies and an administrative protest was filed requesting reconsideration of the denials. This protest was approved and, as a result, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 the Company recorded and received a net pre-tax refund of $2.5 million. The Company does not anticipate receipt of any additional refunds related to this matter nor does the Company anticipate return of any of these refunds to CBP.  streamline its operations.

Since a substantial amount of the Company’s product costs are incurred in Swiss francs, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar/Swiss franc exchange rate can impact the Company’s cost of goods sold and, therefore, its gross margins. The Company reduces its exposure to the Swiss franc exchange rate risk through a hedging program. Under the hedging program, the Company manages most of its foreign currency exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows it to net certain exposures and take advantage of natural offsets. In the event these exposures do not offset, the Company has the ability to hedge its Swiss franc purchases using a combination of forward contracts and purchased currency options. The Company’s hedging program mitigated the impact of the exchange rate fluctuations on product costs and gross margins for fiscal years 2015, 20142018, 2017 and 2013.2016.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses.    The Company’s SG&A expenses consist primarily of marketing, selling, distribution, general and administrative expenses. In fiscal 2014,2018, the Company recorded a $2.0$6.0 million pre-tax charge related to donations made totransaction charges and the Movado Group Foundation. In fiscal 2014,amortization of acquisition accounting adjustments associated with the Company also recordedacquisition of the Olivia Burton brand, and a $0.8$12.3 million pre-tax charge as part of the Company’s cost savings initiatives. The Company, in fiscal 2018, better aligned its global infrastructure with the current business environment by consolidating certain operations and streamlining functions to reduce costs and improve profitability. The Company also decided in fiscal 2018 to cease its participation in the Baselworld Watch and Jewelry Show. As a result, the Company recorded charges for the write-off of certain fixed assets and other contract termination costs. In fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a $1.8 million pre-tax charge for the immediate vesting of stock awards and certain other compensation related to the write downannouncement of excess displaysthe retirement of the Company’s former Vice Chairman and point of sale materials,Chief Operating Officer. In fiscal 2016, the Company recorded a $3.4 million pre-tax charge for severance agreements, occupancy costs and fixed assets, related to the Company’s operating efficiencies initiative and other items as a result of the Company’s decisionactions taken to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors. In fiscal 2013 the Company recorded a $3.0 million pre-tax charge related to donations made to the Movado Group Foundation.  achieve greater operating efficiencies and streamline its operations.

Annual marketing expenditures are based principally on overall strategic considerations relative to maintaining or increasing market share in markets that management considers to be crucial to the Company’s continued success as well as on general economic conditions in the various markets around the world in which the Company sells its products. Marketing expenses include various forms of media advertising, digital advertising (including social media) and co-operative advertising with customers and distributors and other point of sale marketing and promotion spending.

Selling expenses consist primarily of salaries, sales commissions, sales force travel and related expenses, depreciation and amortization, expenses associated with the annual Baselworld Watch and Jewelry Show and other industry trade shows and operating costs incurred in connection with the Company’s retail business. Sales commissions vary with overall sales levels. Retail selling expenses consist primarily of payroll related and store occupancy costs.

Distribution expenses consist primarily of salaries of distribution staff, rental and other occupancy costs, security, depreciation and amortization of furniture and leasehold improvements and shipping supplies.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other employee compensation including performance based compensation, employee benefit plan costs, office rent, management information systems costs, professional fees, bad debts, depreciation and amortization of furniture, computer software and leasehold improvements, patent and trademark expenses and various other general corporate expenses.

Interest Expense.    To the extent it borrows, the Company will recordrecords interest expense on its revolving credit facility. Additionally, interest expense includes the amortization of deferred financing costs associated with the Company’s revolving credit facility.

Income Taxes.     The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes as prescribed under the guidance for Income Taxes (“ASC Topic 740”). ASC Topic 740 requires the Company to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”) was signed into law on December 22, 2017 and constitutes a major change to the US tax system. The 2017 Tax Act significantly changed the existing U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, lowering the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, limiting the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation, implementing a territorial tax system, and imposing a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation transition tax (“Transition Tax”) on cumulative undistributed foreign earnings which have not been previously taxed. As a result of the new legislation, the Company recorded a provisional tax expense of $45.0 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The amount related to the Transition Tax, which will be paid in installments over eight years, was $28.2 million based on foreign earnings of $279.9 million. The provisional amounts related to the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future and the provisional amount for withholding and U.S. state income taxes was $8.3 million and $8.5 million, respectively.

As of January 31, 2017, the Company had recorded a federal income tax liability of $3.0 million, net of the estimated foreign tax credits that would be generated upon the repatriation, related to $12.7 million of pre-2013 foreign earnings which had been earmarked for future repatriation. A deferred tax liability had not previously been recorded for the remaining undistributed foreign earnings of approximately $307 million.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and those significant policies are more fully described in Note 1 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The preparation of these financial statements and the application of certain critical accounting policies require management to make judgments based on estimates and assumptions that affect the information reported. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to sales discounts and markdowns, product returns, bad debt, inventories, income taxes, warranty obligations, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, impairments, stock-based compensation and contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates and judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources on historical experience, contractual commitments and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Management believes the following are the critical accounting policies requiring significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

In the wholesaleWholesale segment, the Company recognizes revenueits revenues upon transfer of title and risk of loss in accordance with its FOB shipping point terms of sale and after the sales price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. In the retailRetail segment, transfer of title and risk of loss occurs at the time of register receipt. The Company records estimates for sales returns, volume-based programs and sales and cash discount allowances as a reduction of revenue in the same period that the sales are recorded. These estimates are based upon historical analysis, customer agreements and/or currently known factors that arise in the normal course of business. While returns have historically been within the Company’s expectations and the provisions established, future return rates may differ from those experienced in the past. InTaxes imposed by governmental authorities on the eventCompany's revenue-producing activities with customers, such as sales taxes and value added taxes, are excluded from net sales.

The Company’s sale of smart watches contains multiple deliverables. The first deliverable is the watch along with the software essential to the functionality of the watch delivered at the time of sale. The second deliverable is the software included free of charge that returns are authorized at a rate significantly higher thanenables users to sync and view data on the Company’s historic rate,mobile app. The third deliverable is the resulting returnsembedded right included with the purchase to receive unspecified firmware and software upgrades, when and if available. The Company allocates revenue to all deliverables using the relative selling price method. Amounts allocated to the delivered smart watch collections and the related essential software are recognized at the time of sale. Amounts allocated to the cloud service and app updates are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated two-year period the updates are expected to be provided. The Company’s smart watch collections were available in limited quantities and in limited distribution, and, as a result, these deferred amounts were immaterial as of January 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Intangibles

In accordance with applicable guidance, the Company estimates and records the fair value of purchased intangible assets at the time of their acquisition. The fair values of these intangible assets are estimated based on independent third-party appraisals. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and are evaluated for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying values may not be fully recoverable. Estimates of fair value for finite-lived intangible assets are primarily determined using discounted cash flows, with consideration of market comparisons and recent transactions. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flow analysis of such assets, discount rates and growth rates.

Goodwill

At the time of an acquisition, in accordance with applicable guidance, the Company records all acquired net assets at their estimated fair values. These estimated fair values are based on management’s assessments and independent third-party appraisals. The excess of the purchase consideration over the aggregate estimated fair values of the acquired net assets is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill is not amortized but is assessed for impairment at least annually on November 1^st. Under applicable guidance, the Company generally performs its annual goodwill impairment analysis using a qualitative approach to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value. If, based on the results of the qualitative assessment, it is concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value, a quantitative test is performed.

The quantitative impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The quantitative impairment test identifies the existence of potential impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the Company will record an impairment charge, as an operating expense item, based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Determination of the fair value of a reporting unit and the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit is based on management’s assessment, including the consideration of independent third-party appraisals when necessary. Furthermore, this determination is subjective in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions could have an adversea significant impact on its operating results forwhether or not an impairment charge is recognized and the period in whichamount of any such results materialize.charge. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows, market comparisons, and recent transactions. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, and determination of appropriate market comparisons.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014,At November 1, 2017, the Company evaluated goodwill for impairment. There were no indicators of impairment under this analysis and, accordingly, no impairment charge was recorded a pre-tax charge of $7.8 million to sales, for anticipated returns resulting from the Company’s decision to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, the2018. The Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $4.9 million related to the repositioning of the Coach watch brand from a collection, which was priced for salehad no goodwill in a department store’s fine watch department to one suitable for sale in the fashion watch department.fiscal 2017.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may be uncollectible in the future. Estimates are used in determining the allowance for doubtful accounts and are based on an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable, assessments of collectability based on historichistorical trends, the financial condition of the Company’s customers and an evaluation of economic conditions. In general, the actual bad debt losses have historically been within the Company’s expectations and the allowances it established. As of January 31, 2015,2018, except for those accounts provided for in the reserve for doubtful accounts, the Company knew of no situations with any of the Company’s major customers which would indicate the customer’s inability to make their required payments.

Inventories

The Company previously valuedvalues its inventory at the lower of cost or market. Effective February 1, 2011, the Company changed its method of valuing its U.S. inventories to the average cost method. With this change, all of the Company’s inventories are now valuednet realizable value. Cost is determined using the average cost method. The Company believes that the average cost method of inventory valuation is preferable because (1) it permits the Company to use a single method of accounting for all of the Company’s U.S. and international inventories, (2) it aligns costs with the Company’s forecasting and procurement decisions, and (3) since a number of the Company’s key competitors use the average cost method, it improves comparability of the Company’s financial statements. The Company reviews its on-hand inventory to determine amounts, if any, of inventory that is deemed discontinued, excess, or unsaleable. Inventory classified as discontinued, together with the related component parts that can be assembled into saleable finished goods, is sold primarily through the Company’s retail outlet stores.locations. When management determines that finished product is unsaleable or that it is economically impractical to build the excess components into watches for sale, a charge is recorded to value those products and components at the lower of cost or marketnet realizable value.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded inventory reserves of $2.6 million related to the write down of ESQ Movado excess watch inventory as a result of the Company’s decision to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of its depreciable assets based on factors including historical experience, the expected beneficial service period of the asset, the quality and durability of the asset and the Company’s maintenance policy including periodic upgrades. Changes in useful lives are made on a prospective basis unless factors indicate the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable and an impairment is necessary.

The Company performs an impairment review of its long-lived assets once events or changes in circumstances indicate, in management’s judgment, that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. When such a determination has been made, management compares the carrying value of the assets with their estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If it is determined that an impairment loss has occurred, the lossfair value of the asset group is determined and compared to its carrying value. The excess of the carrying value over the fair value, if any, is recognized as loss during that period. The impairment loss is calculated as the difference between asset carrying values and thetheir estimated fair value of the long-lived assets.values.

Warranties

All watches sold by the Company come with limited warranties covering the movement against defects in material and workmanship for periods ranging from two to three years from the date of purchase, with the exception of Tommy Hilfiger watches, for which the warranty period is ten years. In addition, the warranty period is five years for the gold plating on certain Movado watch cases and bracelets. The Company records an estimate for future warranty costs based on historical repair costs. Warranty costs have historically been within the Company’s expectations and the provisions established. If such costs were to substantially exceed estimates, they could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operating results.

Stock-Based Compensation

Under the accounting guidance for share-based payments, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of each employee stock option at its grant date which requires that certain assumptions be made. The expected life of stock option grants is determined using historical data and represents the time period during which the stock option is expected to be outstanding until it is exercised. The risk free interest rate is the yield on the grant date of U.S. Treasury constant maturities with a maturity date closest to the expected life of the stock option. The expected stock price volatility is derived from historical volatility and calculated based on the estimated term structure of the stock option grant. The expected dividend yield is calculated using a historical average of annualized dividend yields.

Compensation expense for equity instruments is accrued based on the estimated number of instruments for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered. This estimate is reflected in the period of change.the stock option is either granted or canceled. Expense related to stock option compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term.

Collaborative Arrangement

The Company participates in a collaborative arrangement with Rebecca Minkoff, LLC relating to the Rebecca Minkoff and Uri Minkoff brand names. Both parties to the arrangement are active participants in the collaboration and are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of the activities. The arrangement involves various activities including the design, development, distribution and marketing of watches under the brand names. Amounts due between the parties to the arrangement related to sales and related activities are recorded in the Company’s cost of sales while those amounts related to general and administrative activities are recorded as an adjustment to selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company generated immaterial revenues and incurred immaterial expenses under its collaborative arrangement during fiscal 2018.

Income Taxes

The Company, under ASC Topic 740, follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax laws and tax rates, in each jurisdiction where the Company operates, and applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized in income

in the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, the amounts of any future tax benefits are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent such benefits are not expected to be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. The Company calculates estimated income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves estimating actual current tax expense along with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for both book and tax purposes. See Note 7 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding income taxes.

The Company follows guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. This guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an income tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This guidance also provides guidance onfor de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transitions

RESULTS OF OPERATIONStransitions.

The following2017 Tax Act was signed into law on December 22, 2017 constitutes a major change to the US tax system. The 2017 Tax Act significantly changed the existing U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, lowering the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, limiting the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation, implementing a territorial tax system, and imposing a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation Transition Tax on cumulative undistributed foreign earnings which have not been previously taxed. The SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) which allows the Company to record provisional amounts related to the 2017 Tax Act and provides a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date for companies to complete their accounting under ASC Topic 740.

The Company has not completed its full analysis with respect to the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provision within the 2017 Tax Act which would require the current inclusion in federal taxable income of earnings of certain foreign controlled corporations. The Company is a discussionnot yet able to make reasonable estimates of the tax impact of GILTI; therefore, it has not yet elected a policy as to whether it will recognize deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI, or whether the Company will account for GILTI as period costs if and when incurred. The Company will continue to evaluate these provisions and elect an accounting policy within the measurement period.

The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02, “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” which permits companies to reclassify disproportionate tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income caused by the 2017 Tax Act to retained earnings. As a result, the Company made the election to reclassify the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act from AOCI to retained earnings in the current year. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations for fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2014 compared to fiscal 2013 along with a discussion of the changes inor financial condition during fiscal 2015.

The following are net sales by business segment and geographic location (in thousands):

The following are net sales by category as follows (in thousands):

The following table presents the Company’s results of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the fiscal years indicated:

Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014

Net Sales

Net sales in fiscal 2015 were $587.0 million, $16.7 million or 2.9% above the prior year. Net sales in fiscal 2014 included an additional pre-tax charge of $7.8 million to sales, for anticipated returns in fiscal 2015 resulting from the Company’s decision to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors. For fiscal 2015, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted net sales by $2.2 million when compared to the prior year.

United States Wholesale Net Sales

Net sales in fiscal 2015 in the United States location of the wholesale segment were $255.7 million, above the prior year period by $11.9 million or 4.9%, primarily driven by sales increases in the licensed brand and luxury brand categories. Net sales in the licensed brands category were above the prior year’s net sales by $5.9 million, or 7.1%. The increase in sales in the licensed brands category was primarily due to higher sales of certain licensed brands, as a result of strong sell-through and expansion in the Company’s distribution channels. Net sales in the luxury category were above the prior year by $4.6 million, or 3.0%. The increase in sales in the luxury category was primarily due to higher sales in both Movado and ESQ Movado brand sales. The sales increase in the Movado brand was primarily due to strong sell-through in the Company’s Movado brand distribution channels, which included higher sales of the Movado BOLD and Museum watch collections and the introduction of new products in the current year, all of which were supported by the Company’s continued focus and investment in marketing and advertising. The year on year fluctuation in sales in the ESQ Movado brand was primarily due to the $7.8 million sales charge in the prior year, for anticipated returns resulting from the Company’s strategic decision to reduce the presence of ESQ Movado watches while expanding the Movado brand offering in certain retail doors. The Company believes it did not fully realize all of the anticipated benefits of this strategy which was intended to drive incremental sales of its more productive Movado brand watch families by utilizing the increased case space at the point of sale that otherwise would have been occupied by relatively less productive ESQ Movado SKUs. Although Movado brand sales at retail increased while, at the same time, sales of ESQ Movado watches at retail declined, Movado brand sales at wholesale increased less than expected due to retailers tightly managing their inventory.  It is expected that this trend will continue into next year. Sales increases in the luxury brand category were partially offset by net sales decreases in Ebel and Concord brand watches of $3.2 million when compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher sell-in to retailers of newer product and lower promotional sales in the prior year. Also contributing to the increase in sales was a sales increase of $1.4 million in 2015 from after-sales service and all other category, primarily due to sales from special events in the current year.

International Wholesale Net Sales

Net sales in fiscal 2015 in the International location of the wholesale segment were $266.6 million, below the prior year by $0.6 million or 0.2%, driven by a sales decrease in the luxury brand category, partially offset by a sales increase in the licensed brand category.  The net sales decrease in the luxury category of $12.2 million was primarily due to lower sales of Movado and the other luxury brand watches.  The decrease in Movado watch sales was primarily due to weaker than expected performance in certain markets, including Asia.  The decrease in sales of all other luxury brands was primarily the result of higher sell-in to retailers of newer product in the prior year. These sales decreases were mostly offset by a sales increase in the licensed brand category of $12.1 million, or 6.2% compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher sales of certain licensed brands as a result of strong sell-through, as well as geographic expansion in the Company’s distribution channels.  In fiscal 2015, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted net sales by $2.2 million when compared to the prior year.position.

Retail Net Sales

Net sales in fiscal 2015 in the retail segment were $64.7 million, representing a 9.2% increase from the prior year sales of $59.3 million. The increase in sales was primarily attributable to the opening of new stores. Comparable outlet store sales increased 2.5% from the prior year sales. As of January 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company operated 38 and 35 outlet stores, respectively.Stores

The Company considers comparable outlet store sales to be sales of stores that were open as of February 1^st of the prior fiscal year through January 31^st of the current fiscal year. The Company had 3337 comparable outlet stores for the year ended January 31, 2015.2018. The sales from stores that have been relocated, renovated or refurbished are included in the calculation of comparable store sales. The method of calculating comparable store sales varies across the retail industry. As a result, the Company’s method for the calculation of comparable store sales may not be the same as measures used or reported by other companies.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion of the results of operations for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 along with a discussion of the changes in financial condition during fiscal 2018.

The following are net sales by business segment and geographic location (in thousands):

Gross Profit

Gross profit for fiscal 2015 was $310.0 million or 52.8% ofThe following are net sales by category (in thousands):