Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES ☐ NO ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the ~~Registrant:~~Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES ☐ NO ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on June ~~30, 2018,~~28, 2019 was ~~$2,842,783,509~~$1,287,023,719

The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March ~~6, 2019~~4, 2020 was ~~183,103,947.~~193,263,981.

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to the ~~2019~~2020 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements as defined under U.S. federal securities law. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical statements of fact and those regarding our intent, belief or expectations, including, but not limited to, statements regarding: our expectations regarding the ~~effect of~~settlement we have announced with Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s (“Windstream Holdings”) and its subsidiaries (Windstream Holdings, together with its subsidiaries, “Windstream”) and our ability to obtain court approval for such settlement and satisfy the conditions precedent to its effectiveness, and Windstream’s ability to implement a successful plan of reorganization and emerge from bankruptcy; if the settlement is not effected, the bankruptcy and Windstream’s performance under its long-term exclusive triple-net lease with us (the “Master Lease”); if the settlement is not effected, our expectations with respect to the treatment of the Master Lease in Windstream’s ~~petition~~petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy ~~Code;~~Code, including with respect to Windstream’s claims that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing transaction, that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property and that rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease constituted constructive fraudulent transfers and that we are in breach of certain of our obligations under the Master Lease; our expectations regarding the effect of substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern; our expectations about our ability to maintain our status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”); our expectations regarding the future growth and demand of the telecommunication industry, future financing plans, business strategies, growth prospects, operating and financial performance, and our future liquidity needs and access to capital; expectations regarding the impact and integration of Information Transport Solutions, Inc. (“ITS”)~~, CableSouth Media, LLC (“CableSouth”)~~ and M² Connections, including expectations regarding operational synergies with Uniti Towers and Uniti Fiber; ~~expectations regarding settling conversion of our 3% convertible preferred stock in cash upon conversion;~~ expectations regarding the probability of our obligation to pay contingent consideration upon Tower Cloud, Inc.'s ("Tower Cloud") ~~or Hunt's~~ achievement of certain defined operational and financial milestones; expectations regarding future deployment of fiber strand miles and small cell networks and recognition of revenue related thereto; expectations regarding levels of capital expenditures; expectations regarding the deductibility of goodwill for tax purposes; expectations regarding reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives to interest expense; expectations regarding the amortization of intangible assets; expectations regarding the ~~closing~~impact of the ~~OpCo-PropCo~~operating company-property company partnership with Macquarie Infrastructure Partners (“MIP”) and related acquisition of Bluebird Network, LLC (“Bluebird”); our expectations regarding the ~~closing~~wind down of the ~~sale of Uniti Towers’ business in Latin America (the “Towers Disposition”);~~Consumer CLEC business; and expectations regarding the payment of dividends.

Words such as "anticipate(s)," "expect(s)," "intend(s)," "plan(s)," "believe(s)," "may," "will," "would," "could," "should," "seek(s)" and similar expressions, or the negative of these terms, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management's current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could lead to actual results differing materially from those projected, forecasted or expected. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects or which could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to:

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. Except in the normal course of our public disclosure obligations, we expressly disclaim any obligation to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

Uniti Group Inc. (the “Company”, “Uniti”, “we”, “us” or “our”) was incorporated in the state of Maryland on September 4, 2014. Uniti is an independent, internally managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) engaged in the acquisition and construction of mission critical infrastructure in the communications industry. We are principally focused on acquiring and constructing fiber optic broadband networks, wireless communications towers, copper and coaxial broadband networks and data centers.

On April 24, 2015, we were separated and spun-off (the “Spin-Off”) from Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings” and together with its subsidiaries, “Windstream”) pursuant to which Windstream contributed certain telecommunications network assets, including fiber and copper networks and other real estate (the “Distribution Systems”) and a small consumer competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) business (the “Consumer CLEC Business”) to Uniti and Uniti issued common stock and indebtedness and paid cash obtained from borrowings under Uniti’s senior credit facilities to Windstream. In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a long-term exclusive triple-net lease (the “Master Lease”) with Windstream, pursuant to which a substantial portion of our real property is leased to Windstream and from which a substantial portion of our leasing revenues are currently derived.

Uniti operates as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to U.S. federal income taxes on income generated by its REIT operations, which includes income derived from the Master Lease. We have elected to treat the subsidiaries through which we operate our fiber business, Uniti Fiber, certain aspects of our towers business, Uniti Towers, and Talk America Services, LLC, which operates the Consumer CLEC Business (“Talk America”), as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). TRSs enable us to engage in activities that result in income that does not constitute qualifying income for a REIT. Our TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes.

The Company operates through a customary up-REIT structure, pursuant to which we hold substantially all of our assets through a partnership, Uniti Group LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), that we control as general partner. This structure is intended to facilitate future acquisition opportunities by providing the Company with the ability to use common units of the Operating Partnership as a tax-efficient acquisition currency. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and own approximately ~~97.7%~~98.2% of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership.

For the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had revenues of $~~1,017.6~~ 1,058 million, net income attributable to common shareholders of $~~8.0~~ $8.4 million, Funds From Operations (“FFO”) of $~~373.7~~300.9 million and Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”) of $~~443.8~~412.5 million. Both FFO and AFFO are non-GAAP financial measures, which we use to analyze our results. Refer to Part II, Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of this Annual Report for additional information regarding these non-GAAP measures. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we managed our operations in four reportable business segments, which are described in more detail in Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Windstream is the lessee of the Distribution Systems pursuant to the Master Lease and, therefore, is presently the source of a substantial portion of our revenues. In recent years, Windstream has experienced annual declines in its total revenue, sales and cash flow, and has had its credit ratings downgraded by nationally recognized credit rating agencies multiple times.

Off. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that its attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an ‘‘event of default’’ occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective. In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York and is currently operating as a ‘‘debtor in possession’’ under supervision of the Bankruptcy Court.

During the first half of 2019, Windstream’s CEO stated that it was evaluating all options as part of the Chapter 11 reorganization process regarding the Master Lease, including renegotiation, recharacterization and rejection of the Master Lease. As further described below under “Legal Proceedings”, on July 25, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s bankruptcy, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services, LLC (‘‘Windstream Services’’) filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in an adversary proceeding against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging, among other things, that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, that certain rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property and that Uniti breached certain of its obligations under the Master Lease.

On March 2, 2020, Uniti and Windstream jointly announced that they have reached an agreement in principle (the “Settlement”) to resolve any and all claims and causes of action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the context of Windstream’s bankruptcy. All litigation between Windstream and Uniti will be stayed while the parties negotiate and prepare the definitive documentation to implement the Settlement.

Pursuant to the Settlement, Uniti and Windstream will agree to mutual releases with respect to any and all liability related to any claims and causes of action between them, including those relating to Windstream’s Chapter 11 proceedings and the Master Lease. Under the Settlement, Uniti will agree to make a $400 million cash payment to Windstream in equal installments over 20 consecutive quarters beginning the first month after Windstream’s emergence at an annual interest rate of 9%, and Uniti may prepay any installments falling due on or after the first anniversary of the Settlement’s effective date (resulting in total payments ranging from $432-$490 million). Uniti will also transfer the proceeds from the sale of its common stock described below to Windstream. In exchange, Windstream will transfer to Uniti certain dark fiber indefeasible rights of use (“IRU”) contracts (that currently generate approximately $21 million in annual operating income before depreciation and amortization) and access rights to 1.8 million fiber strand miles leased by Windstream that is either unutilized or utilized for the dark fiber IRUs being transferred. Uniti will be required to pay Windstream $350 per route mile on any fiber strand miles that are sold above and beyond the fiber strand miles currently being utilized in connection with such dark fiber IRUs. In addition, Uniti will acquire certain Windstream-owned assets, including certain fiber IRU contracts generating $8 million of annual operating income before depreciation and amortization and 0.4 million fiber strand miles covering 4,100 route miles, in exchange for $40.0 million in cash and a 20-year, zero cost IRU for such strands.

Windstream and Uniti will also agree to bifurcate the Master Lease into two structurally similar, but independent, agreements to govern the incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC “) and competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) facilities, respectively (collectively, the “New Leases”). Certain copper CLEC assets will be governed under the New Lease relating to the ILEC facilities. The initial aggregate annual rent under the New Leases will be equal to the annual rent under the Master Lease currently in effect. Each of Windstream Services, LLC, certain of its subsidiaries and/or newly formed affiliated entities will become parties to the New Leases. The New Leases will contain cross-guarantees and cross-default provisions, which will remain effective as long as Windstream or an affiliate is a tenant under one of the New Leases. In addition, the New Leases will be amended to require that Windstream maintain certain financial covenants and to permit Uniti to transfer its rights and obligations and otherwise monetize or encumber the New Leases so long as it does not transfer interests to a Windstream competitor.

Pursuant to the Settlement, Uniti will agree to fund up to an aggregate $1.75 billion in growth capital improvements in long-term fiber and related assets in certain ILEC and CLEC properties (the “Growth Capital Improvements”). Growth Capital Improvements will exclude maintenance or repair expenditures and expenditures toward fiber replacement in excess of $70 million per year and will be subject to Uniti’s approval based on underwriting standards to be included in the New Leases. Annual commitments by Uniti for the Growth Capital Improvements will comprise: $125 million in 2020; $225 million per year in 2021 through 2024; $175 million per year in 2025 and 2026; and $125 million per year in 2027 through 2029. Windstream will be entitled to reimbursement for any cumulative Growth Capital Improvements it incurs in excess of the foregoing annual amounts from the commitment amounts in a subsequent period. On the first anniversary of an installment of funding for a Growth Capital Improvement, the annual base rent payable by Windstream will increase by an amount equal to 8.0% (the “Rent Rate”) of such installment of funding. The Rent Rate will thereafter increase to 100.5% of the prior Rent Rate in subsequent years.

In connection with the Settlement, Uniti also entered into binding letters of intent on March 2, 2020 (each, a “Letter of Intent”) with certain first lien creditors of Windstream, pursuant to which Uniti will sell an aggregate of 38,633,470 shares of Uniti common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Settlement Common Stock”), at $6.33 per share, which represents the closing price of Uniti common stock on the date when an agreement in principle of the basic outline of the Settlement was first reached. Uniti will transfer the proceeds from the sale of the Settlement Common Stock to Windstream as additional settlement consideration. The issuance and sale of the Settlement Common Stock will be made in reliance upon the exemption from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Certain recipients of the Settlement Common Stock will be subject to a one-year lock up, and all recipients will be subject to a customary standstill agreement. No recipient will receive any governance rights in connection with the issuance.

Finally, on March 2, 2020, Uniti, Windstream and certain of Windstream’s creditors (collectively with Uniti and Windstream, the “Parties”) entered into a Plan Support Agreement (the “Plan Support Agreement”). Pursuant to the Plan Support Agreement, the Parties agreed to support the Settlement and the approval of a plan of reorganization for Windstream (the “Plan”) on the terms and subject to the conditions described therein. The Plan Support Agreement is terminable by the Parties upon the occurrence of certain specified termination events, including, among other things, (i) the failure to meet certain case milestones, including failure by Windstream to file a motion to approve the Settlement by March 12, 2020 and failure to obtain approval of the Settlement from the bankruptcy court by April 6, 2020, (ii) failure by Windstream to timely appeal any order by the bankruptcy court denying the Settlement or any order overturning an order approving the Settlement on appeal, and (iii) the issuance by a regulatory authority of an order enjoining, or the commencement of an action that could be reasonably expected to enjoin, material portions of the settlement or substantial consummation of the Settlement (subject to a 10 day cure period). The parties to the Plan Support Agreement expect the Plan to become effective, and for Windstream to emerge from bankruptcy, by August 29, 2020.

We are an independent, internally-managed REIT engaged in the acquisition and construction of mission critical infrastructure in the communications industry. We manage our operations in four separate lines of business: Uniti Fiber, Uniti Towers, Uniti Leasing and Talk America.

Refer to Part II, Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Overview—Significant Business Developments, of this Annual Report for additional information regarding significant developments in our business in ~~2018.~~2019.

Uniti Fiber is a leading provider of infrastructure solutions, including cell site backhaul and small cell for wireless operators and ethernet, wavelengths and dark fiber for telecommunications carriers and enterprises. With Uniti Fiber, our goal is to capitalize on the rising demand by carriers and enterprises for dark fiber, establish ourselves as a proven small-cell systems provider and leverage wholesale enterprise opportunities as well as opportunities through the School and Libraries Program (commonly referred to as E-Rate) administered by the Universal Service Administrative Company. We believe fiber is the mission-critical focal point in the modern communications infrastructure industry and that Uniti Fiber will accelerate our growth and diversification strategy and expand our relationships with high quality national and international wireless carriers.

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, Uniti Fiber’s revenues under contract were over ~~$1.3~~$1.2 billion, with a network consisting of ~~1.7~~2.0 million strand miles of fiber and approximately ~~18,200~~20,900 customer connections. Results for Uniti Fiber are reported in our consolidated financial statements in our Fiber Infrastructure business segment.

Uniti Towers’ primary business is constructing and leasing space on communications towers to wireless service providers and other tenants in a number of other industries. Uniti Towers’ leadership has substantial experience in the telecommunications industry and has been overseeing construction and operation of thousands of wireless towers both domestically and abroad for decades. Uniti Towers provides build-to-suit opportunities using customized master lease agreements designed for long-term carrier partnerships. ~~We believe that our strategy of focusing on fiber and towers through Uniti Fiber and Uniti Towers is highly synergistic and will drive incremental growth opportunities.~~

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, Uniti Towers’ portfolio consisted of ~~430~~672 wireless communications towers located in 2633 states across the eastern and central regions in the United ~~States,~~ ~~and~~ ~~498 wireless communications towers in Latin America.~~States. Results for Uniti Towers are reported in our consolidated financial statements in our Towers business segment.

In February 2020, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell 486 of our U.S. towers located across 32 states for total cash consideration of approximately $190.0 million, subject to adjustments. Concurrent with the sale of the U.S. towers, we entered into a strategic “off-take” tower arrangement with a wireless infrastructure partner. Pursuant to the “off-take” arrangement, we will continue to build towers in the U.S. and sell those towers to our partner at an agreed upon price during 2020. We also have the option to extend the “off-take” arrangement to 2021.

The definitive agreement includes a "go-shop" provision, which permits Uniti's Board of Directors and its advisors to solicit alternative proposals from third parties. Uniti will have the right to terminate the agreement to enter into a superior proposal subject to certain terms and conditions.

On ~~February 19,~~April 2, 2019, the Company ~~announced it had~~ ~~agreed to sell~~ sold its Uniti Towers’ Latin America business to an entity controlled by Phoenix Towers International (“PTI”) for cash consideration of ~~approximately $100~~$101.6 million resulting in a pre-tax gain of $23.8 million. PTI ~~will acquire approximately 500~~acquired 498 towers located across Mexico, Colombia and Nicaragua. ~~The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is expected to close by the end of the first quarter of 2019~~.

Uniti Leasing is engaged in acquiring mission-critical communications assets, such as fiber, data centers, next-generation consumer broadband, coaxial and upgradeable copper, and leasing them back to anchor customers on either an exclusive or shared-tenant basis. Presently, a substantial portion of Uniti Leasing’s revenue is rental revenues from leasing the Distribution Systems to Windstream pursuant to the Master Lease. We believe our attractive cost of capital and ~~advantaged~~advantageous REIT structure will enable Uniti Leasing to provide creative and tax-efficient solutions to additional customers, including (i) sale leaseback transactions, whereby Uniti Leasing acquires existing infrastructure assets from communications service providers and leases them back on a long-term basis; (ii) capital investment financing, whereby Uniti Leasing offers communications service providers a cost-efficient method of raising funds for discrete capital investments to upgrade or expand their network; and (iii) mergers and acquisitions financing, whereby Uniti Leasing facilitates mergers and acquisition transactions as a capital partner. Results for Uniti Leasing are reported in our consolidated financial statements in our Leasing business segment.

We conduct the Consumer CLEC Business through Talk America Services, LLC. Talk America provides local telephone, high-speed Internet and long-distance service to approximately ~~22,500~~ 10,800customers principally located in 17 states across the eastern and central United States. Substantially all of the network assets used to provide these services to customers are contracted through interconnection agreements with other telecommunications carriers.

our Consumer CLEC Business, which we estimate will be completed during the second quarter of 2020.Results for Talk America are reported in our consolidated financial statements in our Consumer CLEC ~~business~~Business segment.

The current communications infrastructure industry is marked by the growing demand for and use of bandwidth-intensive devices and applications, such as smart devices, real-time and online streaming video, cloud-based applications, social media and mobile broadband. This growth in consumption requires the support of robust communications infrastructure, of which fiber networks and communications towers are critical components. Substantial investments have been made in recent years in fiber networks, lit services and colocation facilities to keep pace with the increased bandwidth use of both enterprise- and consumer-end users. As companies attempt to keep pace with this rapidly evolving business sector, communications infrastructure continues to increase in priority and economic importance. We believe this considerable demand creates ~~tremendous~~significant opportunities for us as an acquirer and operator and as a funding source for operators seeking to capitalize on these trends through build outs and acquisitions of infrastructure assets.

The wireless communications industry is a prime example of the growing importance of the bandwidth infrastructure industry. As wireless traffic and mobile data consumption continue to grow worldwide, participants in the wireless communications industry are increasing their network capacity through the development of new wireless cell sites and the addition of bandwidth capacity. Consumers are demanding network quality and coverage, and as a result wireless carriers are making significant capital investments to improve quality, expand their coverage and remain relevant in a highly competitive industry. We expect this continued growth in capital expenditures to generate high demands for wireless towers (including strong growth in long-term tower leasing), tower space and bandwidth infrastructure services.

Our primary goal is to create long-term stockholder value by (i) generating reliable and growing cash flows, (ii) diversifying our tenant and asset base, (iii) paying a dividend, and (iv) maintaining our financial strength and liquidity. To achieve this goal, we employ a business strategy that leverages our first mover advantages in the sector and our strong access to the capital markets. The key components of our business strategy are:

We actively seek to acquire communications infrastructure assets from communication service providers and lease these assets back to the communication service providers on a long-term basis. We believe this type of transaction benefits the communication service providers with incremental liquidity which can be used to reduce indebtedness or for other investments, while they continue to focus on their existing business. We will employ a disciplined, opportunistic acquisition strategy and seek to price transactions appropriately based on, among other things, growth opportunities, the mix of assets acquired, length and terms of the lease, and credit worthiness of the tenant.

This strategy ~~will~~ also is designed to expand our mix of tenants and other real property and will reduce our revenue concentration with Windstream. We expect that this objective will be achieved over time as part of our overall strategy to acquire new distribution systems and other real property within the communications infrastructure industry to further diversify our overall portfolio.

Capitalize on the Market Demand for Increased Bandwidth Infrastructure and Performance

Bandwidth intensive devices and applications are rapidly fueling worldwide consumption of bandwidth, which in turn fuels a continuously growing demand for stable and secure bandwidth options. Communications service

providers and other enterprises whose services and businesses require substantial amounts of bandwidth are increasingly looking to infrastructure providers to support their bandwidth needs and to expand the reach, performance and security of their networks. We believe Uniti Fiber is well positioned to capitalize on this ongoing demand for bandwidth infrastructure solutions.

Fund Capital Extensions to Existing and New Tenants for Improvements of Infrastructure Assets

We believe the communications infrastructure industry in the United States is currently going through an upgrade cycle driven by consumers’ general desire for greater bandwidth and wireless services. These upgrades require significant capital expenditures, and we believe Uniti provides ~~an attractive,~~a non-competitive funding source for communication service providers to help accelerate the improvement and expansion of their ~~networks at an attractive cost of capital.~~networks.

We intend to support our tenant operators and other communication service providers by providing capital to them for a variety of purposes, including capacity augmentation projects, tower construction and network expansions. We expect to structure these investments as lease arrangements that produce additional rents.

Facilitate M&A Transactions in the Communication Service Sector as a Capital Partner

We believe Uniti can provide cost efficient funds to potential acquirers in the communication service sector, and thereby facilitate M&A transactions as a capital partner, including by partnering with operators through use of “OpCo-PropCo” structures, pursuant to which we acquire the underlying network and other assets and the operator acquires the operations. The highly fragmented nature of the communication service sector is expected to result in more consolidation, which we believe will provide us ample opportunity to pursue these types of transactions.

We seek to maintain a capital structure that provides the resources and financial flexibility to position us to capitalize on strategic growth opportunities. Our access to, and cost of, external capital is dependent on various factors, including general market conditions, credit ratings on our securities, interest rates and expectations of our future business ~~performance.~~performance, including as a result of uncertainty with respect to Windstream and the Master Lease. We intend to maintain a strong balance sheet through disciplined use of leverage, aiming to lower our relative cost of capital over time, and continuing to have access to multiple sources of capital and liquidity. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~$38.0~~$142.8 million of unrestricted cash and cash ~~equivalents, and $110 million of undrawn borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility, although we have since drawn substantially all of our revolver capacity.~~equivalents. As of ~~December 31, 2018,~~February 10, 2020, with the exception of our revolving credit facility, all of our debt is ~~either~~ fixed-rate ~~debt, or floating-rate debt that we have fixed through the use of interest rate swaps.~~debt.

We compete for investments in the communications industry with telecommunications companies, investment companies, private equity funds, hedge fund investors, sovereign funds and other REITs who focus primarily on specific segments of the communications infrastructure industry. The communications infrastructure industry is characterized by a high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including many local, regional and global corporations. Some of our competitors are significantly larger and have greater financial resources and lower costs of capital than we have. In addition, revenues from our network properties are dependent, to an extent, on the ability of our operating partners, like Windstream, to compete with other communication service providers.

However, we believe we are positioned to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives and that we have significant competitive advantages that support our leadership position in owning, funding the construction of and leasing communications infrastructure, including:

First-Mover Advantage; Uniquely Positioned to Capitalize on Expansion Opportunities

We are the first ~~and only~~ REIT primarily focused on the acquisition and construction of mission critical infrastructure in the communications industry. We believe this provides us with a significant first-mover competitive advantage to capitalize on the large and fragmented communications infrastructure industry. Additionally, we believe our

position, scale and national reach will help us achieve operational efficiencies and support future growth opportunities.

We believe the assets we lease to Windstream under the Master Lease are critical for Windstream to successfully run its business and operations, and that Windstream will need the assets subject to the Master Lease while it undergoes its restructuring as set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors”. in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Windstream, as our anchor tenant, provides us with a base of rent revenues as an initial platform for us to grow and diversify our portfolio and tenant base.

Windstream ~~is a publicly-traded company that~~ provides advanced network communications and technology solutions for businesses across the United States. Windstream also offers broadband, entertainment and security solutions to consumers and small businesses primarily in rural areas. Windstream continues to operate the Distribution Systems, hold the associated regulatory licenses and own and operate other assets, including distribution systems in select states not included in the Spin-Off.

Windstream has a diverse customer base, encompassing enterprise and small business customers, carriers and consumers. The Distribution Systems we lease to Windstream are located in 29 different states across the continental United States. The fiber assets in any one state do not account for more than 20% of the total route miles in our network. We believe this geographic diversification will limit the effect of changes in any one market on our overall performance.

Windstream’s stock is quoted on the OTC Markets under the ticker symbol “WINMQ.” Windstream is subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC, which include the requirements to file annual reports containing audited financial information and quarterly reports containing unaudited financial ~~information.~~information, but Windstream is not current in its reporting obligations. Windstream’s filings with the SEC can be found at www.sec.gov. Windstream’s filings are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

Members of our management team have developed an extensive network of relationships with qualified local, regional and national communication service providers across the United States. This extensive network has been built by our management team through decades of operating experience, involvement in industry trade organizations and the development of banking relationships and investor relations within the communications infrastructure industry. We believe these strong relationships will allow us to effectively source investment opportunities from communication service providers other than Windstream. We intend to work collaboratively with our operating partners in providing expansion capital at attractive rates to help them achieve their growth and business objectives. We will seek to partner with communication service providers who possess local market knowledge, demonstrate hands-on management and have proven track records.

Our senior management team is comprised of veteran leaders with strong backgrounds in their respective disciplines. Our senior management team has extensive experience managing telecommunications operations, consummating mergers and acquisitions and accessing both debt and equity capital markets to fund growth and maintain a flexible capital structure.

We maintain, or will require in our leases (including the Master Lease), that our tenants maintain, ~~all~~ applicable lines of insurance on our properties and their operations. Under the Master Lease, Windstream has the right to self-insure or use a captive provider with respect to its insurance obligations. We believe that the amount and scope of insurance coverage provided by our policies and the policies maintained by our tenants are customary for similarly situated companies in the telecommunications industry. However, our tenants may elect not to, or be able to, maintain the required insurance coverages, and the failure by any of them to do so could have a material adverse effect on us. We may not continue to require the same levels of insurance coverage under our leases, including the Master Lease, and such insurance may not be available at a reasonable cost in the future or fully cover all losses on our properties upon the occurrence of a catastrophic event. Moreover, we cannot guarantee the future financial viability of the insurers.

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~798~~899 full-time employees. ~~Except for 18 employees in Mexico, none~~None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, ~~and 2016,~~ ~~68.2%~~65.0%, 68.2% and74.8% ~~and 87.9%~~ of our revenues, respectively, were derived from leasing our Distribution Systems to Windstream Holdings pursuant to the Master Lease.

On February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. For a discussion of the impact that Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on the Master Lease, see Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our subsidiaries and our tenants operate in a regulated market. As operators of telecommunications facilities and services, both we and the current and future tenants of our telecommunications assets are typically subject to extensive and complex federal, state and local telecommunications laws and regulations. The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) regulates the provision of interstate and international telecommunications services, and state public utility commissions (“PUCs”) regulate intrastate telecommunications services. Federal and state telecommunications laws and regulations are wide-ranging, and violations of them can subject us and our tenants to civil, criminal and administrative sanctions. We expect that the telecommunications industry, in general, will continue to face increased regulation. Changes in laws and regulations and violations of federal or state laws or regulations by us or our tenants could have a significant direct or indirect effect on our operations and financial condition, as detailed below and set forth under “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business.”

Our operations require that certain of our subsidiaries across all segments hold licenses or other forms of authorization from the FCC and state PUCs in those states where we operate, and in some jurisdictions our subsidiaries must file tariffs or other price lists describing their rates, terms and conditions of the services they provide. The FCC and PUCs can modify or terminate a service provider’s license or other authority to provide telecommunications services for failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations. The FCC and PUCs may also investigate our subsidiaries’ operations and may impose fines or other penalties for violations of the same. In addition, our subsidiaries are required to submit periodic reports to the FCC and PUCs documenting their revenues and other data. Some of this information is used as the basis for the imposition of various regulatory fees and other assessments. In order to engage in certain transactions in some jurisdictions, including changes of control, the encumbrance of certain assets, the issuance of securities, the incurrence of indebtedness, the guarantee of indebtedness of other entities, including subsidiaries of ours, and the transfer of assets, we are required to provide

notice and/or obtain prior approval from certain governmental agencies. Failure to obtain such approvals could subject us to fines or other penalties.

Our subsidiaries are subject to a number of federal and state regulations that govern the way we can conduct our business. Such regulations also impose certain operating costs on our businesses. These regulations can include restrictions on pricing flexibility for certain products, minimum service quality standards, service reporting, intercarrier compensation, contributions to universal service, and other obligations. Further, the relaxation of regulatory requirements on our competitors, such as those granting us access to incumbent local exchange carrier facilities and/or services or the prices that such carriers may charge for such services or access to their facilities, may also have a detrimental effect on the businesses of our subsidiaries and/or tenants.

We have sought to structure the operations for our core real estate business in a manner to minimize the likelihood that ~~will not require us~~we may be required to become regulated as a public utility or common carrier by the FCC or PUCs, but a number of our business operations are nonetheless subject to federal, state, and local regulation, and we cannot guarantee that our core real estate business will not become further subject to federal, state, and local regulation in the future.

Talk America operates the Consumer CLEC Business as a reseller of telecommunication services pursuant to a Wholesale Master Services Agreement and a Master Service Agreement with Windstream. In almost all cases, Windstream does not own the underlying telecommunication facilities required to support the Consumer CLEC Business, rather it is a reseller of facility-based services pursuant to wholesale interconnection agreements with third-party carriers that own the underlying telecommunication facilities. Talk America is authorized and regulated as a CLEC and an interexchange (long-distance) service provider in most states where it has Consumer CLEC Business customers. These certifications subject Talk America to regulations requiring it to file and maintain tariffs for the rates charged to its Consumer CLEC Business customers for regulated services and to comply with service quality, service reporting and other regulatory obligations. Talk America’s ability to operate the Consumer CLEC Business is dependent on existing telecommunication regulations that allow access to such underlying facilities of other carriers at reasonable rates. The FCC is considering proposals to eliminate the requirement that incumbent local exchange carriers offer unbundled network elements to companies like Windstream and Talk America. We cannot predict how the FCC will resolve those proposals, nor whether such network elements will continue to be available in the future at the rates they are available today.

With respect to the broadband Internet services that we provide, traditionally, the FCC has recognized that broadband Internet access services are “information services” subject to limited regulation. In 2015, the FCC issued a “network neutrality” decision that declared broadband Internet access services to be subject to certain “telecommunications services” regulation under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934. These regulations would have limited the ways that broadband Internet access service providers could structure business arrangements and manage their networks and spurred additional restrictions, including rate regulation, which could adversely affect broadband investment and innovation. In 2017, the FCC voted to return broadband Internet access service to its prior classification as “information services.” As a result of these decisions, state legislators and governors have introduced, and in some cases passed, state laws and executive orders requiring different levels of adherence to “network neutrality” principles for broadband Internet access service providers active in the applicable states. As a result of these laws and regulations, it is unclear at this time how broadband services will be regulated in the future, and the potential impact those regulations may have on our broadband Internet service business.

Talk America operates the Consumer CLEC Business as a reseller of telecommunication services pursuant to a Wholesale Master Services Agreement and a Master Service Agreement with Windstream. Talk America was informed by Windstream on April 23, 2019 that Windstream intended to cancel that Wholesale Master Services Agreement. Since that time, Talk America has undertaken efforts to wind down the Consumer CLEC Business operations. This has required Talk America to seek various approvals from the FCC and PUCs in order to transfer or cancel affected customer accounts. Failure to obtain requisite approvals and follow the directives issued by the FCC or PUCs with respect to these matters could subject Talk America to fines or other penalties.

Uniti Towers is subject to ~~international,~~ federal, state and local regulatory requirements with respect to the registration, siting, construction, lighting, marking and maintenance of our towers. In the United States, the construction of new towers or modifications to existing towers may require pre-approval by the FCC and the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”), depending on factors such as tower height and proximity to public airfields. Towers requiring pre-approval must be registered with the FCC and maintained in accordance with FCC and FAA standards. ~~Similar requirements regarding pre-approval of the construction and modification of towers are imposed by regulators in other countries where Uniti Towers owns and operates towers.~~ Non-compliance with applicable tower-related requirements may lead to monetary penalties or site deconstruction orders.

Regulatory regimes outside of the United States and its territories vary by country and locality; however, these regulations typically require approval from local officials or government agencies prior to tower construction or modification or the addition of a new antenna to an existing tower. Additionally, some regulations include ongoing obligations regarding painting, lighting and maintenance. Our international operations may also be subject to limitations on foreign ownership of land in certain areas. Non-compliance with such regulations may lead to monetary penalties or deconstruction orders. Our international operations are also subject to various regulations and guidelines regarding employee relations and other occupational health and safety matters.

~~In all countries where~~ Uniti Towers ~~operates, it~~ is subject to zoning restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by local authorities or community organizations. While these regulations vary, they typically require approval from local authorities or community standards organizations prior to tower construction or the addition of a new antenna to an existing tower. Opposition by local zoning authorities and community residents can delay or prevent new tower construction or site upgrade projects, thereby increasing the costs and timing of new tower construction and modifications or site upgrades.

The failure to properly maintain towers pursuant to applicable regulatory requirements, such as but not limited to, lighting, painting, and other safety standards, can subject us to significant enforcement actions, including monetary penalties both within the United States and abroad.

Our subsidiaries that compose Uniti Fiber own and operate significant fiber and other communications backhaul facilities throughout various regions of the United ~~States~~.States. The provision of such services is subject to FCC and PUC licensure in many jurisdictions, and the companies are typically licensed as CLECs and/or interexchange carriers in those states where they operate. The companies also hold various FCC wireless licenses in order to provide microwave backhaul services. Because of the nature of the licenses that these companies hold, and the nature of the services that they provide, they are subject to various federal and state regulatory requirements, including, but not limited to, revenue and other reporting requirements and tariffing requirements. The companies must also maintain their wireless licenses with the FCC, which requires construction and notification reporting and other regulatory requirements. New fiber network construction is also subject to certain state and local governmental permitting and licensing requirements. Delays in the local and state permitting process can delay the construction of new facilities. Failure to abide by permit requirements can subject the company to fines and other penalties.

In some cases, our subsidiaries that compose Uniti Fiber utilize services or facilities of incumbent local exchange carriers through arrangements established under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and FCC regulations. The FCC has deregulated some of those requirements that incumbent local exchange carriers offer unbundled network elements, and continues to consider whether to further deregulate access to those facilities and services. We cannot predict how the FCC will resolve those matters, nor whether such network elements will continue to be available in the future at the rates they are available today.

Future revenues, costs and capital investment in the communication businesses of our tenants, ~~Talk America,~~ Uniti Fiber, Uniti Towers, and other related entities could be adversely affected by material changes to, or decisions regarding applicability of, government requirements, including, but not limited to, changes in rules governing inter-carrier compensation, interconnection access to network facilities, state and federal universal service fund (“USF”) support, rules governing the prices that can be charged for business data services, infrastructure location and siting rules, access to unbundled network elements, and other requirements. Federal and state communications laws and regulations may be amended in the future, and other new laws and regulations may affect our business. In addition, certain laws and regulations applicable to us and our competitors may be, and have been, challenged in the courts and could be vacated or modified at any time. We cannot predict future developments or changes to the regulatory environment or the impact such developments or changes would have on our business.

In addition, regulations could create significant compliance costs for us. Delays in obtaining FCC and PUC certifications and regulatory approvals could cause us to incur substantial legal and administrative expenses, and conditions imposed in connection with such approvals could adversely affect the rates that we are able to charge our customers. Both our subsidiaries and our tenants may also be affected by legislation and/or regulation imposing new or additional obligations related to, for example, law enforcement assistance, cyber-security protection, intellectual property rights protections, environmental protections, consumer privacy, tax, or other areas. We cannot predict how any such future changes may impact our business, or the business of our tenants.

A wide variety of federal, state and local environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations affect telecommunications operations and facilities. These laws and regulations, and their enforcement, involve complex and varied requirements, and many such laws and regulations impose strict liability for violations. Some of these federal, state and local laws may directly impact us. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner of real property, such as us, may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at, under or disposed of in connection with such property, as well as other potential costs relating to hazardous or toxic substances (including government fines and damages for injuries

to persons and adjacent property). The cost of any required remediation, removal, fines or personal property damages and the owner’s liability therefore could exceed or impair the value of the property and/or the assets of the owner. In addition, the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly dispose of or remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral, which, in turn, could reduce revenues.

Our principal executive offices are located at 10802 Executive Center Drive, Benton Building Suite 300, Little Rock, AR 72211 and our telephone number is (501) 850-0820. We maintain a website at www.uniti.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) are available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Our Exchange Act filings can also be found at www.sec.gov.

Current copies of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics & Whistleblower Policy, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and the charters for our Audit, Compensation and Governance Committees are posted in the Corporate Governance section of the About Us page of our website at www.uniti.com.

While we have announced a settlement with Windstream, the settlement is subject to court approval and other conditions and may not be implemented.

As disclosed under Item 1. Business, we have recently announced a settlement with Windstream pursuant to which it would release all claims against us and assume the Master Lease. However, the settlement is subject to numerous conditions, including court approval, regulatory approval and negotiation of definitive documentation, as well as our receipt of opinions of tax counsel regarding the qualification of the resulting master leases as “true leases” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and our continued qualification as a REIT. We cannot assure you that these conditions will be satisfied. If the conditions are not satisfied, the litigation will remain pending, and we will continue to be exposed to the risks set forth below.

Even if the settlement is approved and effectuated, we continue to be dependent upon Windstream and its successful emergence from bankruptcy, which is subject to numerous conditions including approval by the court and required creditors of a plan of reorganization. We cannot assure you that Windstream will successfully emerge from bankruptcy.

If the settlement is implemented, we will be required to raise significant additional capital and issue additional equity.

If the settlement with Windstream is approved and implemented, we will be required to issue an aggregate of 38,633,470 shares, equal to 19.99% of our currently outstanding common stock, to certain investors at a purchase price of $6.33 per share. While certain of these investors will enter into lockup agreements with us, the lockup agreements will contain exceptions and these investors will be able to resell these shares into the market over time, which could lead to lower prices for our shares. In addition, we will also be required to raise capital to fund obligations to Windstream, including (i) $490 million of settlement payments payable over time and (ii) an aggregate of $1.75 billion of Growth Capital Investments in property subject to the master lease (although such investments will lead to higher rent payments). We will closely monitor capital markets and will seek to access them promptly when we determine market conditions are appropriate. The amount, nature and timing of any capital markets transactions will depend on: our operating performance and other circumstances; any limitations imposed by our current credit arrangements; and overall market conditions. If we are unable to access the capital markets as we anticipate (including because our cost of capital is higher than the returns we will get on our investment in Windstream), we would be subject to a shortfall in liquidity in the future which could lead to a reduction in our

capital expenditures and/or dividends and, in an extreme case, our ability to pay our debt service obligations. If this shortfall occurs rapidly and with little or no notice, it could limit our ability to address the shortfall on a timely basis.

We are dependent on Windstream Holdings to make payments to us under the Master Lease, and an event that materially and adversely affects Windstream’s business, financial position or results of operations, including as a result of its recent petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

Windstream is the lessee of the Distribution Systems pursuant to the Master Lease and, therefore, is presently the source of a substantial portion of our revenues. There can be no assurance that Windstream will have sufficient assets, income and access to financing to enable it to satisfy its payment and other obligations under the Master Lease. In recent years, Windstream has experienced annual declines in its total revenue, sales and cash ~~flow, and has had~~flow. Prior to its ~~credit ratings downgraded by nationally recognized credit rating agencies multiple times over the past 12 months.~~bankruptcy filing, Windstream ~~has been~~was involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities relating to the Spin-Off. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that its attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective.

In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New ~~York.~~York and is currently operating as “debtor in possession” under supervision of the Bankruptcy Court.

~~In bankruptcy,~~If our settlement with Windstream ~~has~~is not effectuated, then Windstream will have the option to assume or reject the Master Lease. WeBecause the Master Lease is a single indivisible Master Lease with a single rent payment, it must be assumed or rejected in whole and cannot be sub-divided by facility or market. A significant amount of Windstream’s revenue is generated from the use of our network included in the Master Lease, and we believe that the Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s ~~operations, however it is difficult to predict what could occur in a bankruptcy restructuring, and~~operations. A rejection of the Master Lease, or even a temporary disruption in payments to us, ~~may~~would require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties and avoid the imposition of liens on our properties and could impact our ability to fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures and ~~in an extreme case,~~ our debt service ~~obligations. A rejection by Windstream of the Master Lease or its inability or unwillingness to meet its rent~~obligations, and ~~other obligations under the Master Lease could materially adversely~~otherwise affect ~~our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition, including~~ our ability to ~~service debt and pay dividends to our stockholders as required to~~ maintain ~~our~~REIT status ~~as a REIT.~~.

In the event of a rejection of the Master Lease, we cannot assure you that we will be able to locate a suitable replacement tenant or if we are successful in locating a replacement tenant, that the rental payments from the new tenant would not be significantly less than the existing rental payments. In addition, a rejection of the Master Lease by Windstream ~~would~~could result in an “event of default” under our ~~Credit Agreement~~our credit agreement by and among the Operating Partnership, CSL Capital, LLC and Uniti Group Finance Inc., the guarantors and lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Credit Agreement”) if we are unable to enter into a replacement lease that satisfies certain criteria set forth in the Credit Agreement within ninety (90) calendar days and we do not maintain pro forma compliance with a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of 5.00 to 1.00.

~~Table~~ An acceleration of ~~Contents~~debt under our senior secured credit facilities due to an uncured “event of default” under our Credit Agreement would also result in an “event of default” under the terms of our outstanding notes. Such an “event of default” would give the holders of the applicable debt obligation the right to accelerate our repayment obligations relating to such debt, which would materially and adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and in its opinion on our December 31, ~~2018~~2019 financial statements, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, expressed substantial doubt as to whether we could continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued as a result of Windstream’s bankruptcy petition, ~~and~~ the bankruptcy’s uncertain effects on the Master ~~Lease.~~Lease, and uncertainties surrounding the satisfaction of conditions required for our settlement with Windstream to be effectuated. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. While the outcome is uncertain, we expect Windstream will continue to perform on the

Master Lease and believe the probability of Windstream rejecting the lease in bankruptcy to be remote because the Master Lease is central to Windstream’s operations. We intend to ~~reduce~~continue our reduced capital expenditures and dividend ~~as well as~~and may seek external funding in order to sustain our ~~operations.~~operations until such time as the settlement is approved. If we do not succeed in raising such funds and reducing such expenditures and if Windstream elects to reject the Master Lease, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and our stockholders may lose some or all of their investment in us. In addition, a failure to provide ~~2018~~2019 audited financial statements without a going concern opinion to the lenders under our Credit Agreement by March ~~31, 2019~~30, 2020 would constitute a breach of the covenants of our Credit Agreement and, unless such default is waived by our lenders, would constitute an immediate event of default. If an event of default were to occur under our Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement’s administrative agent could declare all outstanding loans immediately due and payable. Such an acceleration would trigger cross-default provisions within the indentures governing our senior notes and thereby entitle the trustee and noteholders to accelerate the repayment of the senior notes.

On ~~March 18, 2019,~~February 10, 2020, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our ~~2018~~2019 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with the ~~fourth~~sixth amendment (the ~~“Amendment”~~“Sixth Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement. ~~During~~The Sixth Amendment limits the ~~pendency~~ability of ~~Windstream’s bankruptcy,~~our non-guarantor subsidiaries to incur indebtedness and increased the interest rate on our revolving facility by 100 bps for each applicable rate. As amended, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to either a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 3.75% to 4.25% or ~~at such earlier time when certain other conditions~~a eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 4.75% to 5.25%, in each case, calculated in a customary manner and determined based on our consolidated secured leverage ratio. These restrictions are ~~specified,~~in addition to the ~~Amendment~~restrictions set forth in the fourth amendment to our Credit Agreement, which generally limits our ability under the Credit Agreement to (i) prepay unsecured indebtedness and (ii) pay cash dividends in excess of 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. ~~The Amendment also increases the interest rate on our Term Loan Facility, which will now bear a rate~~See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of ~~LIBOR, subject~~Financial Condition and Results of Operations. —Significant Business Developments—Amendments to a 1.0% floor, plus an applicable margin equal to 5.0%, a 200 basis point increase over our previous rate. This increase will be in effect though the remaining term of the facility, which matures on October 24, 2022.Credit Agreement.”

If the Spin-Off, together with certain related transactions, fails to qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, both we and Windstream could be subject to significant tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify Windstream for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations under the tax matters agreement entered into in connection with the Spin-Off.

Windstream received a private letter ruling (the “IRS Ruling”) from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) to the effect that, on the basis of certain facts presented and representations and assumptions set forth in the request submitted to the IRS, the Spin-Off will qualify as tax-free under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Although a private letter ruling from the IRS generally is binding on the IRS, if the factual representations and assumptions made in the letter ruling request are untrue or incomplete in any material respect, then Windstream will not be able to rely on the IRS Ruling. In addition, the IRS Ruling does not address certain requirements for tax-free treatment of the Spin-Off under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code and Windstream’s use of Uniti indebtedness and common stock to retire certain of Windstream’s indebtedness (the “debt exchanges”). Accordingly, the Spin-Off was conditioned upon the receipt by Windstream of a tax opinion from its counsel with respect to the requirements on which the IRS did not rule, which concluded that such requirements also should be satisfied. The tax opinion was based on, among other things, the IRS Ruling, then current law and certain representations and assumptions as to factual matters made by Windstream and us. Any change in currently applicable law, which may or may not be retroactive, or the failure of any factual representation or assumption to be true, correct and complete in all material respects, could adversely affect the conclusions reached in the tax opinion. In addition, the tax opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and the IRS or the courts may not agree with the tax opinion.

If the Spin-Off were determined to be taxable, Windstream would recognize taxable gain. Under the terms of the tax matters agreement entered into with Windstream in connection with the Spin-Off (the “Tax Matters Agreement”), we are generally responsible for any taxes imposed on Windstream that arise from the failure of the Spin-Off and the debt exchanges to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, within the meaning of Section 355 and Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code, as applicable, to the extent such failure to qualify is attributable to certain actions, events or transactions relating to our stock, indebtedness, assets or business, or a breach of the relevant representations or any covenants made by us in the Tax Matters Agreement, the materials submitted to the IRS in

connection with the request for the IRS Ruling or the representations provided in connection with the tax opinion. Our indemnification obligations to Windstream are not limited by any maximum amount and such amounts could be substantial. If we are required to indemnify Windstream under the circumstances set forth in the Tax Matters Agreement, we may also be subject to substantial tax liabilities.

In addition, if the Spin-Off or the debt exchanges failed to qualify as tax free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Windstream may incur significant tax liabilities that could materially affect Windstream’s ability to make payments under the Master Lease.

Our level of indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our financial position, including reducing funds available for other business purposes and reducing our operational flexibility.

As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019, we had outstanding long term indebtedness of approximately $~~4.5~~4.6 billion consisting of a combination of senior notes and revolving and term loans. Additionally, we have a revolving credit facility ~~in an aggregate principal amount of up to $750 million, $110~~ ~~million of which was undrawn as of December 31, 2018~~, provided by a syndicate of banks and other financial ~~institutions. We have since drawn~~institutions, which, as of December 31, 2019, had an aggregate principal amount of up to approximately $575.0 million, substantially all of ~~our revolver capacity.~~which was drawn. Subject to the restrictions set forth in our debt agreements, our board of directors may establish and change our leverage policy at any time without stockholder approval. Any significant additional indebtedness could require a substantial portion of our cash flow to make interest and principal payments due on our indebtedness. Greater demands on our cash resources may reduce funds available to us to pay dividends, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, or carry out other aspects of our business strategy. Increased indebtedness can also limit our ability to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions, make us more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions and create competitive disadvantages for us compared to other companies with relatively lower debt levels. Increased future debt service obligations may limit our operational flexibility, including our ability to acquire assets, finance or refinance our assets or sell assets as needed, and our ability to pay dividends. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ~~—Liquidity~~—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Agreement” for information about the terms of the limited waiver we received from the lenders to our Credit Agreement.

In ~~addition, we continuously evaluate opportunities~~February 2020, the Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior secured notes due 2025 and used the proceeds from the offering to ~~refinance or repurchase existing debt. However, in~~ ~~light~~repay all $2.05 billion of ~~recent developments~~outstanding term loans under our senior secured credit facilities and ~~uncertainty surrounding Windstream and the effect~~to repay approximately $156.7 million of ~~substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern,~~ there can be no assurance that any debt refinanced would be on similar or more favorable terms than our existing agreements. This would include the risk that interest rates could increase and/or there may be changes to our existing covenants.revolving loans (and terminated related commitments of approximately $157.6 million).

We anticipate that we will have sufficient access to liquidity to fund our cash needs; if we are unable to do so, we would need to reduce our spending and it could have an adverse effect on us.

We anticipate continuing to invest in our network infrastructure across our Uniti Leasing, Uniti Fiber and Uniti Towers portfolios. ~~We have~~ ~~also committed to spend $175 million on our proposed acquisition of Bluebird (for which we have obtained committed financing), net of the collection of prepaid rent.~~ We anticipate declaring dividends for the ~~2019~~2020 tax year to comply with our REIT distribution requirements. We also will need to raise capital to finance our settlement, which includes growth capital investments, with Windstream, if implemented. We anticipate that we will partially finance these needs, together with operating expenses (including our debt service obligations) from our ~~$38 million of~~ cash on hand, ~~and $110 million of borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility (although we have since drawn substantially all of our revolver capacity),~~ cash flows provided by operating activities, together with funds anticipated from announced divestures. However, we may need to access the capital markets to generate additional funds in an amount sufficient to fund our business operations, announced investment activities, capital expenditures, debt service and distributions to our shareholders. We are closely monitoring the equity and debt markets and will seek to access them promptly when we determine market conditions are appropriate. The amount,

nature and timing of any capital markets transactions will depend on: our operating performance and other circumstances; our then-current commitments and obligations; the amount, nature and timing of our capital requirements; any limitations imposed by our current credit arrangements; and overall market conditions. These expectations are forward-looking and subject to a number of uncertainties and assumptions. If our expectations about our liquidity prove to be incorrect or we are unable to access the capital markets as we anticipate, we would be subject to a shortfall in liquidity in the future which could lead to a reduction in our capital expenditures and/or dividends and, in an extreme case, our ability to pay our debt service obligations. If this shortfall occurs rapidly and with little or no notice, it could limit our ability to address the shortfall on a timely basis.

In light of recent developments and uncertainty surrounding Windstream, if the settlement is not approved or Windstream does not emerge from bankruptcy, we may take further measures to conserve cash as we anticipate that

it may be difficult for us to access the capital markets at attractive rates until such uncertainty is clarified. Accordingly, we may elect to suspend, delay or reduce success-based capital expenditures and dividend payments to conserve cash and if necessary, we may pay one or more dividends that are required to maintain or REIT status in shares to the extent allowed under IRS REIT rules. If our assumptions are incorrect, we could need additional sources of liquidity to fund our cash needs and cannot assure that we will obtain them.

We intend to pursue acquisitions of additional properties and seek other strategic opportunities, which may result in the use of a significant amount of management resources or significant costs, and we may not fully realize the potential benefits of such transactions.

We intend to pursue acquisitions of additional properties and seek acquisitions and other strategic opportunities. Accordingly, we currently are, and expect in the future to be, engaged in evaluating potential transactions and other strategic alternatives. Although there is uncertainty that any of these discussions will result in definitive agreements or the completion of any transaction, we may devote a significant amount of our management resources to such a transaction, which could negatively impact our operations. We may incur significant costs in connection with seeking acquisitions or other strategic opportunities regardless of whether the transaction is completed. In the event that we consummate an acquisition or strategic alternative in the future, there is no assurance that we would fully realize the potential benefits of such a transaction. Integration may be difficult and unpredictable, and acquisition-related integration costs, including certain non-recurring charges, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. Moreover, integrating assets and businesses may significantly burden management and internal resources, including the potential loss or unavailability of key personnel. If we fail to successfully integrate the assets and businesses we acquire, we may not fully realize the potential benefits we expect, and our operating results could be adversely affected.

In light of recent developments and uncertainty surrounding Windstream, ~~developments,~~ we may curtail our acquisition activities during the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy in an effort to conserve cash.

We are dependent on the communications industry and may be susceptible to the risks associated with it, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

As the owner, lessor and provider of communications services and distribution systems serving the communications industry, we are impacted by the risks associated with the communications industry. Therefore, our success is to some degree dependent on the communications industry, which could be adversely affected by economic conditions in general, changes in consumer trends and preferences, changes in communications technology designed to enhance the efficiency of communications distribution systems (including lit fiber networks and wireless equipment), and other factors over which we and our tenants have no control. As we are subject to risks inherent in substantial investments in a single industry, a decrease in the communications business or development and implementation of any such new technologies would likely have an adverse effect on our revenues.

Our business is subject to government regulations and changes in current or future laws or regulations could restrict our ability to operate our business in the manner currently contemplated.

Our business, and that of our tenants, is subject to federal, state ~~local~~ and ~~foreign~~local regulation. In certain jurisdictions these regulations could be applied or enforced retroactively. Local zoning authorities and community organizations are often opposed to construction in their communities and these regulations can delay, prevent or increase the cost of new distribution system construction and modifications, thereby limiting our ability to respond to customer

demands and requirements. Existing regulatory policies may materially and adversely affect the associated timing or cost of such projects and additional regulations may be adopted which increase delays or result in additional costs to us, or that prevent such projects in certain locations. These factors could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. For more information regarding the regulations we are subject to, please see the section entitled “Business – Government Regulation, Licensing and Enforcement.”

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting which could, if not remediated, result in material misstatements in our financial statements.

As further described in Item 9A of this report, in the course of completing our assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the accounting of asset acquisitions, specifically around the identification and valuation of the acquired assets. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result, management has concluded that, because of this material weakness, our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2019. If we fail to complete the remediation of this material weakness, or after having remediated such material weakness, thereafter fail to maintain the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures, we could be subjected to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties or shareholder litigation, the defense of any of which could cause the diversion of management’s attention and resources, we could incur significant legal and other expenses, and we could be required to pay damages to settle such actions if any such actions were not resolved in our favor. Continued or future failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could also result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition or results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will not conclude in the future that this material weakness continues to exist or that we will not identify any significant deficiencies or other material weaknesses that will impair our ability to report our financial condition and results of operations accurately or on a timely basis.

If we determine that our goodwill has become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our operating results.

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had $~~692.4~~ 690.7 million of goodwill on our consolidated balance sheet. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. We assess potential impairment of our goodwill at least annually. Impairment may result from significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets, negative industry or economic trends and/or any changes in key assumptions regarding our fair ~~value, including any potential impacts of recent developments surrounding Windstream, as set forth in the first risk factor.~~ value. Changes in these events and conditions or other assumptions could result in an impairment charge in the future, which could have a significant adverse impact on our reported earnings. For a discussion of our goodwill impairment testing, see “Critical Accounting Policies-Evaluation of Goodwill Impairment” in Part II, Item 7A-Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

~~Our foreign operations are subject to economic, political and other risks that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.~~

~~Our international business operations expose us to potential adverse financial and operational problems not typically experienced in the United States, including:~~

In addition, many of our tenants in our international operations are subsidiaries of global telecommunications companies. These subsidiaries may not have the explicit or implied financial support of their parent entities. Any of these factors could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

~~Our continued operations outside the United States increase the risk of violations of applicable anti-corruption laws in the future.~~

Our internal policies provide for compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws, but despite our training and compliance programs, we cannot ensure that our internal control policies and procedures will always protect us from unauthorized, reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees, agents or partners. A finding that the Company or its affiliates have violated the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) or similar foreign anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, which could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

We or our tenants may experience uninsured or underinsured losses, which could result in a significant loss of the capital we have invested in a property, decrease anticipated future revenues or cause us to incur unanticipated expenses.

The Master Lease requires, and we expect that new lease agreements that we enter into will require, that the tenant maintain comprehensive insurance and hazard insurance or self-insure its insurance obligations. However, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Insurance coverage may not be sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement cost of a loss. Inflation, changes in ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors also might make it infeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace the property after such property has been damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received might not be adequate to restore the economic position with respect to such property.

In addition, even if damage to our properties is covered by insurance, a disruption of business caused by a casualty event may result in loss of revenue for our tenants or us. Any business interruption insurance may not fully compensate them or us for such loss of revenue. If one of our tenants experiences such a loss, it may be unable to satisfy its payment obligations to us under its lease with us.

We rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm our business.

We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and maintenance of records. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing confidential information. Although we have taken steps to protect

the security of the data maintained in our information systems, it is possible that our security measures will not be able to prevent the systems’ improper functioning, or the improper disclosure of information in the event of cyber-attacks. Physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers and similar security breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our information systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could materially and adversely affect us.

Any failure of Uniti Fiber’s physical infrastructure or services could lead to significant costs and disruptions.

Uniti Fiber’s business depends on providing customers with highly reliable service. The services provided are subject to failure resulting from numerous factors, including human error, power loss, improper maintenance, physical or electronic security breaches, fire, earthquake, hurricane, flood and other natural disasters, water damage, the effect of war, terrorism and any related conflicts or similar events worldwide, and sabotage and vandalism. Problems within Uniti Fiber’s networks or facilities, whether within our control or the control of third-party providers, could result in service interruptions or equipment damage. We may not be able to efficiently upgrade or change Uniti Fiber’s networks or facilities to meet new demands without incurring significant costs that we may not be able to pass on to customers. Given the service guarantees that may be included in Uniti Fiber’s agreements with customers, such disruptions could result in customer credits; however, we cannot assume that customers will accept these credits as compensation in the future, and we may face additional liability or loss of customers.

If we do not qualify as a REIT, or fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular corporation and could face a substantial tax liability, which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders and to service debt.

We operate as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain highly technical and complex asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination and for which we may not obtain independent appraisals.

If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could reduce the amount of

cash available for distribution to our stockholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock and to service debt. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

In addition, as a result of the limited waiver and amendment to our Credit Agreement and our issuance of 7.875% senior secured notes in February 2020, (discussed in ~~the second risk factor)~~“Risks Related to Our Business”) our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts exceeding 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any capital gains, generally will be restricted. As a result, we may be required to record a provision in our Consolidated Financial Statements for U.S. federal income taxes related to the activities of the REIT and its passthrough subsidiaries for any undistributed income. We are subject to the statutory requirements of the locations in which we conduct business, and state and local income taxes are accrued as deemed required in the best judgment of management based on analysis and interpretation of respective tax laws.

Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on us.

The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”). Changes to the tax laws affecting REITs or TRSs, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect our stockholders or us. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our stockholders or us. Accordingly, we cannot provide assurance that new legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly

affect our ability to remain qualified as a REIT, the federal income tax consequences of such qualification, the determination of the amount of REIT taxable income or the amount of tax paid by the TRSs.

We could fail to qualify as a REIT if income we receive from sale-leaseback transactions, such as income from Windstream pursuant to the Master Lease, is not treated as qualifying income.

Under applicable provisions of the Code, we will not be treated as a REIT unless we satisfy various requirements, including requirements relating to the sources of our gross income. Rents received or accrued by us from Windstream or other lessees will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of these requirements if the relevant lease is not respected as a true lease for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is instead treated as a service contract, joint venture or some other type of arrangement. If any of our leases, including the Master Lease, is not respected as a true lease for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may fail to qualify as a REIT.

REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, and we could elect to pay dividends substantially in the form of additional shares of our common stock.

We generally must qualify as a REIT and distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, for the U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute (assuming that certain other requirements are also satisfied). To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified for REITs under U.S. federal income tax laws. We currently intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code. However, as indicated in the risk factors above, as a result of recent developments surrounding Windstream, we may suspend, delay or reduce our dividend to conserve cash, and during the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy ~~or at such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified,~~ (discussed in ~~the second risk factor)~~“Risks Related to Our Business”), our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts exceeding 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, generally will be restricted. Accordingly, because we are required to make distributions in certain amounts to our shareholders in order to maintain our REIT status and avoid incurring entity-level income and excise tax, we may elect to pay one or more dividends to our shareholders substantially in the form of additional shares of common stock. If we do so, the common stock that we distribute would be taxable dividend income to our shareholders, in whole or in part, based on the fair market value of our common stock at the time the dividend is paid.

Our FFO is currently generated largely by rents paid under the Master Lease. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices or distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions in order to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock and decrease cash available to service debt.

Recent developments surrounding Windstream could adversely affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT.

In addition to satisfying the distribution requirement described above in the immediately preceding risk factor, we must satisfy a number of other requirements in order to qualify as a REIT. Recent developments surrounding Windstream, as described ~~above~~ in ~~the first risk factor,~~“Risks Related to Our Business”, could adversely affect our ability to satisfy several of these requirements and thus our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT.

For example, in order to qualify as a REIT for any year, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash items, government securities and “real estate assets” (as defined in the

Code), and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities (other than qualified real estate assets) of one or more ~~TRSs,~~TRSs. If we fail to comply with either of these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification. Our ability to satisfy these requirements depends in substantial part on the value of the assets that are the subject of the Master Lease with Windstream, and any diminution in the value of such assets, including as a result of any diminution in the implied value of the Master Lease as a result of changes in the financial condition or creditworthiness of Windstream, Windstream’s rejection of the Master Lease in bankruptcy, the recharacterization of the Master Lease as a “financing arrangement” or Windstream’s inability or unwillingness to meet its rent and other obligations under the Master Lease, could adversely affect our ability to satisfy these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to timely correct any such failure or otherwise qualify for any statutory relief provision. See “—Risks Related to Our Business—We are dependent on Windstream Holdings to make payments to us under the Master Lease, and an event that materially and adversely affects Windstream’s business, financial

position or results of operations, including as a result of its recent petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.” In addition, under applicable provisions of the Code, we will not be treated as a REIT for any year unless we satisfy various requirements, including requirements relating to the sources of our gross income in such year. Our ability to satisfy these gross income tests depends in substantial part on our receipt of rents paid under the Master Lease. The rejection by Windstream of the Master Lease, the recharacterization of the Master Lease as a “financing arrangement”, Windstream’s inability or unwillingness to meet its rent and other obligations under the Master Lease, or any suspension, delay or other reduction in the amount of rent that we receive under the Master Lease could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.

Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. For example, we hold some of our assets and conduct certain of our activities through a TRS that is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate-level income taxes as a regular C corporation. In addition, we may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS if they are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Any of these taxes could decrease cash available for distribution to our stockholders and servicing our debt.

Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive acquisition opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and “real estate assets” (as defined in the Code). The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in

general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities (other than qualified real estate assets) of one or more TRSs, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by nonqualified publicly offered REIT debt instruments (as defined in the Code). If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result of such asset limitations, we may be required to forego otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders and servicing our debt.

To qualify as a REIT, our annual dividend must not be less than 90% of our REIT taxable income on an annual basis, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. Our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors herein. Dividends will be

authorized by our board of directors and declared by us based upon a number of factors, including actual results of operations, restrictions under Maryland law or applicable debt covenants, our financial condition, our taxable income, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code, our operating expenses and other factors our directors deem relevant. We cannot ensure that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash dividends or year-to-year increases in cash dividends in the future. As a result of recent actions related to Windstream, as set forth in ~~the first risk factor,~~“Risks Related to Our Business”, we may choose to reduce or suspend our dividend for a period of time until the situation is clarified. Moreover, during the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy ~~or at such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified,~~ (discussed in ~~the second risk factor~~ “Risks Related to Our Business”and “Risks Related to the Status of Uniti as a ~~REIT – REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan”~~REIT”), our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts exceeding 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, generally will be restricted. Accordingly, because we are required to make distributions in certain amounts to our shareholders in order to maintain our REIT status and avoid incurring entity-level income and excise tax, we may elect to pay one or more dividends to our shareholders substantially in the form of additional shares of common stock. If we do so, the common stock that we distribute would be taxable dividend income to our shareholders, in whole or in part, based on the fair market value of our common stock at the time the dividend is paid.

Furthermore, while we are required to pay dividends in order to maintain our REIT status (as described above under “Risks Related to the Status of Uniti as a REIT—REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan”), we may elect not to maintain our REIT status, in which case we would no longer be required to pay such dividends. Moreover, even if we do maintain our REIT status, after completing various procedural steps, we may elect to comply with the applicable distribution requirements by distributing, under certain circumstances, shares of our common stock in lieu of cash. If we elect not to maintain our REIT status or to satisfy any required distributions in shares of common stock in lieu of cash, such action could negatively affect our business and financial condition as well as the market price of our common stock. No assurance can be given that we will pay any dividends on shares of our common stock in the future.

We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock may trade. The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly since February 15, 2019 and may continue to fluctuate significantly, depending upon many factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including the collateral consequences that have resulted, or could result, from Windstream’s bankruptcy.

Our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our outstanding stock, which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or change of control of our company.

In order for us to qualify as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of each taxable year after the first year for which we elect to be taxed and qualify as a REIT. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year (other than the first taxable year for which we elect to be taxed and qualify as a REIT). Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of directors to take such actions as are necessary or advisable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Our charter also provides that, unless exempted by the board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% in value or in number, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of our stock. The constructive ownership rules are complex and may cause shares of stock owned directly or constructively by a group of related individuals or entities to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control of us that might involve a premium price for shares of our stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

Uniti and its subsidiaries own or lease approximately ~~112,300~~120,000 fiber network route miles, representing approximately ~~5.6~~6.3 million fiber strand miles, approximately ~~215,100~~229,500 route miles of copper cable lines, wireless communication towers, central office land and buildings across 42 states and beneficial rights to permits, pole agreements and easements.

Uniti Leasing’s network properties include its fiber route miles and copper route miles. Below is a geographic distribution summary as of December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

Location

Fiber Route Miles

Copper Route Miles

Total Route Miles

GA

10,000

43,800

53,800

TX

9,500

33,400

42,900

IA

8,600

32,700

41,300

KY

8,200

30,200

38,400

NC

4,700

18,200

22,900

IL

3,700

—

3,700

OH

3,500

10,300

13,800

AR

3,400

11,100

14,500

IN

2,700

—

2,700

FL

2,200

7,700

9,900

MI

2,100

—

2,100

WI

2,100

—

2,100

CA

1,800

—

1,800

OK

1,700

10,800

12,500

MO

1,600

8,400

10,000

PA

1,400

100

1,500

TN

1,300

—

1,300

NM

1,100

—

1,100

VA

1,100

4,800

5,900

WV

900

—

900

AL

700

—

700

NV

700

2,200

2,900

CO

600

—

600

AZ

500

—

500

OR

500

—

500

KS

500

—

500

WY

500

—

500

MS

400

1,400

1,800

Other⁽¹⁾

1,000

100

1,100

Total

77,000

215,200

292,200

⁽¹⁾ Includes 13 states.

Uniti Fiber’s network properties include its fiber route ~~miles and wireless communication towers.~~miles. Below is a geographic distribution summary as of December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

Uniti Towers’ network properties include its wireless communication towers. Below is a geographic distribution summary as of December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

In the ordinary course of our business, we are subject to claims and administrative proceedings, none of which we believe are material or would be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Prior to its bankruptcy filing described below, Windstream was involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities relating to the Spin-Off. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that its attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective. In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York and is currently operating as a “debtor in possession” under supervision of the Bankruptcy Court. See Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on our operations and financial conditions.

During the first half of 2019, Windstream’s chief executive officer stated that it was evaluating all options as part of the Chapter 11 reorganization process regarding the Master Lease, including renegotiation, recharacterization and rejection of the Master Lease. As further described below, on July 25, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s bankruptcy, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”) filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in an adversary proceeding against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging, among other things, that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, that certain rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property and that Uniti breached certain of its obligations under the Master Lease.

Rejection. In bankruptcy, Windstream has the option to assume or reject the Master Lease. Because the Master Lease is a single indivisible Master Lease with a single rent payment, it must be assumed or rejected in whole and cannot be sub-divided by facility or market. A significant amount of Windstream’s revenue is generated from the use of our network included in the Master Lease, and we believe that the Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s operations. Furthermore, Windstream is designated as a “carrier of last resort” in certain markets where it utilizes the Master Lease to provide service to its customers, and we believe Windstream would require approval from the applicable PUC and the FCC to cease providing service in those markets. As a result, although we can provide no assurances, we believe the probability of Windstream rejecting the Master Lease in bankruptcy to be remote. A rejection of the Master Lease, or even a temporary disruption in payments to us, would require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties and avoid the imposition of liens on our properties and could impact our ability to fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures and our debt service obligations and could otherwise affect our ability to maintain REIT status.

A rejection of the Master Lease by Windstream could result in an “event of default” under our Credit Agreement if we are unable to enter into a replacement lease that satisfies certain criteria set forth in the Credit Agreement within ninety (90) calendar days and we do not maintain pro forma compliance with a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of 5.00 to 1.00. An acceleration of debt under our senior secured credit facilities due to an uncured “event of default” under our Credit Agreement would also result in an “event of default” under the terms of our outstanding notes. Such an “event of default” would give the holders of the applicable debt obligation the right to accelerate our repayment obligations relating to such debt.

The Master Lease contains no provision that contemplates renegotiation of the lease and the bankruptcy court has no ability to unilaterally reset the rent or terms of the lease. In addition, our Credit Agreement prohibits us from amending the Master Lease in a manner that, among other provisions, pro forma for any such amendment, would result in our consolidated secured leverage ratio exceeding 5.00 to 1.00, and management has no intention to enter into a lease amendment that would violate our debt covenants. However, it is difficult to predict what could occur in Windstream’s bankruptcy restructuring, including as a result of the adversary proceeding brought by Windstream related to the Master Lease if the Settlement is not implemented.

Mediation. Uniti, Windstream and Windstream’s creditors have been engaged in mediation in the Windstream bankruptcy to resolve claims brought by Windstream against Uniti. We have recently announced an agreement in principle to resolve any and all claims and causes of action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the context of Windstream’s bankruptcy. All litigation between Windstream and Uniti will be stayed while the parties negotiate and prepare the definitive documentation to implement the Settlement. However, the settlement is subject to various conditions and if it does not occur, the litigation described below would be resumed. See “Item 1. Business.—Recent Developments.”

Recharacterization / Pending Master Lease Litigation. On July 25, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s bankruptcy, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging¸ among other things, that (1) the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, (2) rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease since at least the third quarter of 2017 constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, (3) the Master Lease is a lease of personal property and (4) Uniti has breached its non-competition obligations to Windstream under the Master Lease, each of which allegations is discussed in more detail below. As described above, the trial for the recharacterization claim has been stayed.

Recharacterization. Windstream asserts that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement. If the Master Lease were recharacterized as a financing arrangement, Windstream has argued that Windstream should be deemed the true owner of the property subject to the Master Lease, and Uniti should be treated as a creditor of Windstream rather than as a landlord. In evaluating a recharacterization claim, the Bankruptcy Court will look to assess, among other things, the “economic realities” of the transaction and may reach conclusions notwithstanding positions previously taken by Windstream or Uniti as to the nature of the Master Lease, whether publicly or otherwise. In assessing claims for recharacterization of a transaction involving a lease, bankruptcy courts have previously considered such factors as (i) whether the lessor retains residual value at the termination of the lease, (ii) whether “rental” payments were calculated to compensate the lessor for the use of the property, or were structured for another purpose, such as providing a specific return on investment, (iii) whether in a sale-leaseback transaction the purchase price charged for the assets related to the fair market value of the assets or a substantially different amount, such as the amount of financing required by the lessee, (iv) whether the property was purchased specifically for the lessee’s use, (v) whether structuring the transaction as a lease conveyed tax advantages for the parties, and (vi) who bears the risk and benefits of ownership, including whether the lessee retains obligations typically associated with ownership, such as responsibility for property taxes and insurance. Because any determination by the Bankruptcy Court will involve complex factual and legal analysis, including with respect to the factors described above, we cannot provide any assurances as to how the Bankruptcy Court may rule on these issues.

could be unsecured and structurally subordinated to the claims of creditors at Windstream Holdings’ subsidiaries, including Windstream Services. Windstream Services is the issuer of substantially all of Windstream’s debt obligations and certain of its operating subsidiaries guarantee such debt obligations. Were we to be treated as an unsecured creditor of Windstream Holdings, we would not be able to recover any value from Windstream Services or such other operating subsidiaries until all of their respective debt obligations have been satisfied and, in such event, the notes and the guarantees of the notes would only be secured on a first-priority basis by certain of our assets that do not constitute the property subject to the Master Lease. In the event of such an adverse determination, our ability to meet our debt and other obligations could be materially impaired. In addition, recharacterization of the Master Lease as a financing arrangement, depending on the findings of fact and law of, and remedies applied by, the Bankruptcy Court, could affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Master Lease, our status as a REIT (see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Status of Uniti as a REIT—Recent developments surrounding Windstream could adversely affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT”) and could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

Constructive Fraudulent Transfer. Windstream alleges that rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease since at least the third quarter of 2017 constitute constructive fraudulent transfers. If the constructive fraudulent transfer claim were successful, Uniti may be required to repay Windstream the amount of rent payments made by Windstream above fair market rent as determined by the Bankruptcy Court and the aggregate amount of all tenant capital improvements made by Windstream, in each case since the date on which the Bankruptcy Court found Windstream to have been insolvent. In its complaint in the adversary proceeding, Windstream alleges that it has paid approximately $366 million for tenant capital improvements under the Master Lease from the fourth quarter of 2017 through November 2019, in addition to making substantial rent payments. As any such calculation of fair market rent and any resulting damages would be a fact-intensive inquiry, it is not possible to provide a likely range of damages at this time, but any such damages award could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

Master Lease for Personal Property. Windstream alleges that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property. If the Master Lease were determined to be a lease of personal property, the deadline for Windstream Holdings to assume or reject the Master Lease would be the confirmation of its plan of reorganization by the Bankruptcy Court, which would extend the deadline that would otherwise be applicable under the bankruptcy code if the Master Lease were treated as a lease of real property, and Windstream could seek from the Bankruptcy Court relief from its current performance obligations during the bankruptcy case. In addition, if the Master Lease were determined to be a lease of personal property, this could also impact our status as a REIT if the IRS were to determine that our gross income is not sufficiently derived from real property. See “Risk Factors— Risks Related to the Status of Uniti as a REIT—Recent developments surrounding Windstream could adversely affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT.” On January 21, 2020, Windstream agreed to stay, without prejudice, its action seeking a determination that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property.

Breach of Contract. Windstream alleges that Uniti has breached its non-competition obligations to Windstream under the Master Lease and that Windstream is entitled to damages and/or an abatement of rent as a result of such breach, although no damages amount has been asserted. We believe this claim is without merit and in any event do not believe damages would be material.

actions and proceedings are not believed to be material, individually or in the aggregate, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted. The resolution of any such legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on Windstream’s business, financial position or results of operations, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations if Windstream is unable to meet its indemnification obligations.

Windstream has been involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities relating to the Spin-Off. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held inOther Litigation

On July ~~2018. On February 15,~~3, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that Windstream’s attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective.

~~In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream~~SLF Holdings, LLC (“SLF”) filed a ~~voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11~~complaint against the Company, Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. (“Uniti Fiber”), and certain current and former officers of the ~~Bankruptcy Code~~Company (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the ~~U.S. Bankruptcy~~United States District Court for the Southern District of ~~New York.~~

~~In bankruptcy, Windstream has~~Alabama, in connection with Uniti Fiber’s purchase of Southern Light, LLC from SLF in July 2017. The complaint asserted claims for fraud and conspiracy, as well as claims under federal and Alabama securities laws, alleging that Defendants improperly failed to disclose to SLF the ~~option to assume or reject~~risk that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master ~~Lease. While we believe~~Lease violated certain debt covenants of Windstream. On September 26, 2019, the action was transferred to United States District Court for the District of Delaware. On November 18, 2019, SLF filed an amended complaint, adding allegations that Defendants also failed to fully disclose the risk that the Master Lease ~~is essential~~purportedly could be recharacterized as a financing instead of “true lease.” The amended complaint seeks compensatory and punitive damages, as well as reformation of the purchase agreement for the sale. On December 18, 2019, Defendants moved to ~~Windstream’s operations,~~dismiss the amended complaint in its entirety. That motion was fully briefed as of February 7, 2020, but no decision has been issued. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is ~~difficult to predict~~still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what ~~could occur~~effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations.

On October 25, 2019, Ibrahim E. Safadi filed a putative class action in ~~a restructuring,~~the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against the Company and ~~even a temporary disruption in payments to us may require us to fund~~ certain ~~expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value~~ of our ~~properties~~officers alleging violations of federal securities laws (the “Safadi Action”). The putative class action seeks to represent investors who acquired the Company’s securities between April 20, 2015 and ~~avoid~~February 15, 2019. The lawsuit asserts violations under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the ~~imposition of liens on our properties~~Exchange Act and ~~could impact our ability~~Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging that the Company made materially false and misleading statements by allegedly failing to ~~fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures~~disclose that the Spin-Off and in an extreme case, our debt service obligations. See Item 1A Risk Factors for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on our operations and financial conditions. A rejection by Windstream ofentry into the Master Lease ~~or its inability or unwillingness to meet its rent~~violated certain debt covenants of Windstream. The lawsuit seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees and other ~~obligations~~relief. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations.

On December 6, 2019, Phil Queder filed a putative class action in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against the Company and certain of our officers alleging violations of federal securities laws (the “Queder Action”). The putative class action seeks to represent investors who acquired the Company’s securities between April 20, 2015 and February 15, 2019. The lawsuit asserts violations under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging that the Company made materially false and misleading statements by allegedly failing to disclose that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master Lease ~~could materially adversely affect~~violated certain debt covenants of Windstream. The lawsuit seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees and other relief. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our ~~consolidated~~financial position or results of ~~operations, liquidity,~~operations.

On December 23, 2019, Michael Avery filed a putative class action in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against the Company and ~~financial condition, including~~certain of our ~~ability~~officers alleging violations of federal securities laws. The putative class action seeks to ~~service debt, comply with debt covenants~~represent investors who acquired the Company’s securities between April 20, 2015 and ~~pay dividends~~June 24, 2019 (the “Avery Action”). The lawsuit asserts violations under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging that the Company made materially false and misleading statements by allegedly failing to ~~our stockholders as required to maintain our status as a REIT. A rejection of~~disclose that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master Lease byviolated certain debt covenants of Windstream, which would ~~result in an “event of default” under our Credit Agreement if we are unable to enter into a replacement lease that satisfies~~have certain ~~criteria set forth~~consequences for the Company’s liquidity. The lawsuit seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees and other relief. On March 9, 2020, the plaintiff in the ~~Credit Agreement within ninety (90) calendar days~~Avery Action filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the action without prejudice.

On December 30, 2019, various putative shareholders of the Company filed motions to consolidate the Safadi, Queder, and ~~we do not~~ ~~maintain pro forma compliance with~~Avery Actions and to appoint a ~~consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined~~lead plaintiff and lead counsel in the ~~Credit Agreement, of 5.00 to 1.00.~~consolidated action. The Court has not yet ruled on those motions.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “UNIT.”

As of March ~~6, 2019,~~ 4, 2020, the closing price of our common stock was $~~8.63~~ 10.34 per share as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. As of March ~~6, 2019,~~4, 2020, we had ~~183,103,947~~193,263,981 outstanding shares of common stock, ~~21,340~~and there were approximately 21,453 registered holders of record ~~holders and approximately~~ ~~155,003~~ ~~beneficial owners~~ of ~~our~~Uniti’s common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of Uniti common stock are “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares of record are held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.

Distributions with respect to our common stock isare characterized for federal income tax purposes as taxable ordinary dividends, capital gains dividends, non-dividend ~~distribution~~distributions or a combination thereof. It has been our policy to declare dividends to common shareholders so as to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code governing REITs.

Any dividends must be declared by our Board of Directors, which will take into account various factors including our current and anticipated operating results, our financial position, REIT requirements, conditions prevailing in the market, restrictions in our debt documents and additional factors they deem appropriate. Dividend payments are not guaranteed and our Board of Directors may decide, in its absolute discretion, at any time and for any reason, not to pay dividends or to change the amount paid as dividends. As a result of recent actions related to Windstream, as set forth in Part I, Item 1A ~~Risk Factors,~~“Risk Factors”, we may choose to reduce or suspend our dividend for a period of time until the situation is clarified. In addition, during the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy, ~~or at such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified,~~ the Fourth Amendment to our Credit Agreement (as set forth in Part I, Item 1A ~~Risk Factors)~~“Risk Factors”) and our 7.875% senior secured notes due 2025 generally ~~limits~~limit our ability under the Credit Agreement to pay cash dividends in excess of 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains.

The following graph shows a comparison from April 20, 2015 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market) through December 31, ~~2018~~2019 of the cumulative total return for our common stock, the Standard & Poor's 400 Stock Index (S&P 400 Index), and the MSCI US REIT Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the market open on April 20, 2015 and that all dividends were reinvested in the common stock of Uniti, the S&P 400 Index and the MSCI US REIT Index. The stock price performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

	4/20/2015		12/31/2015		12/31/2016		12/31/2017		12/31/2018		4/20/2015		12/31/2015		12/31/2016		12/31/2017		12/31/2018		12/31/2019
Uniti Group Inc.	$	100.00	$	72.33	$	107.65	$	84.94	$	84.93	$	100.00	$	72.33	$	107.65	$	84.94	$	84.93	$	46.76
S&P 400 Index		100.00		92.56		111.76		129.90		115.50		100.00		92.56		111.76		129.90		115.50		145.77
MSCI US REIT Index		100.00		100.78		109.46		115.08		109.89		100.00		100.78		109.46		115.08		109.89		138.33

The table below provides information regarding shares withheld from Uniti employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations arising from the vesting of restricted stock granted under the Uniti Group Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. The shares of common stock withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations may be deemed purchases of such shares required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 5.

The following table sets forth selected financial data for Uniti on a consolidated and combined historical basis as of the dates and for the years indicated.

Prior to April 24, 2015, we did not operate the Consumer CLEC Business separately from Windstream, nor did we commence our leasing business. The selected historical financial data ~~as of December 31, 2014 and~~ for the period from January 1, 2015 to April 24, 2015 ~~and the year ended December 31, 2014~~ has been derived from the audited financial statements of the Consumer CLEC Business and Distribution Systems.

The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated and combined financial statements, accompanying notes and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, each of which are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

	Year Ended December 31,														Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017			2016			April 24 - December 31, 2015			January 1 - April 24, 2015		2014		2019			2018			2017			2016			April 24 - December 31, 2015			January 1 - April 24, 2015
Statement of Income Data:
Total revenue⁽¹⁾	$	1,017,634		$	916,032		$	770,408		$	476,314		$	10,149	$	36,015	$	1,057,611		$	1,017,634		$	916,032		$	770,408		$	476,314		$	10,149
Interest expense		319,591			305,994			275,394			181,797		*		*
Interest expense, net																		390,112			319,591			305,994			275,394			181,797		*
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders		7,989			(16,552	)		(5,497	)		23,718		*		*			8,384			7,989			(16,552	)		(5,497	)		23,718		*
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic		0.05			(0.10	)		(0.04	)		0.16		*		*			0.04			0.05			(0.10	)		(0.04	)		0.16		*
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted	$	0.04		$	(0.13	)	$	(0.04	)	$	0.16		*		*		$	0.04		$	0.04		$	(0.13	)	$	(0.04	)	$	0.16		*
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets⁽²⁾	$	4,592,937		$	4,330,082		$	3,318,752		$	2,542,636		*		$	2,588,450	$	5,014,284		$	4,592,937		$	4,330,082		$	3,318,752		$	2,542,636		*
Notes and other debt⁽³⁾		4,901,515			4,539,026			4,082,749			3,505,228		*		*
Total shareholders' (deficit) equity⁽⁴⁾		(1,493,203	)		(1,207,142	)		(1,402,445	)		(1,166,906	)	*			2,580,565
Notes and other debt, net⁽²⁾																		5,070,673			4,901,515			4,539,026			4,082,749			3,505,228	��	*
Convertible preferred stock																		-			86,508			83,530			80,552			-		*
Total shareholders' (deficit) equity																		(1,483,164	)		(1,493,203	)		(1,207,142	)		(1,402,445	)		(1,166,906	)	*
Other Data:
Dividends paid		426,094			400,210			367,830			156,854		*		*			138,731			426,094			400,210			367,830			156,854		*
Dividends declared per common share		2.40			2.40			2.40			1.64		*		*			0.37			2.40			2.40			2.40			1.64		*
Funds from operations ("FFO")⁽⁵⁾		373,741			352,477			346,051			259,829		*		*
Funds from operations ("FFO")⁽³⁾																		300,937			373,741			352,477			346,051			259,829		*
Diluted FFO per common share		2.11			2.09			2.27			1.73		*		*			1.61			2.11			2.09			2.27			1.73		*
Adjusted funds from operations ("AFFO")⁽⁵⁾		443,755			424,824			398,537			267,077		*		*
Adjusted funds from operations ("AFFO")⁽³⁾																		412,458			443,755			424,824			398,537			267,077		*
Diluted AFFO per common share	$	2.51		$	2.51		$	2.61		$	1.78		*		*		$	2.20		$	2.51		$	2.51		$	2.61		$	1.78		*

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations describes the principal factors affecting the results of our operations, financial condition, and changes in financial condition, as well as our critical accounting estimates.

Uniti Group Inc. (the “Company”, “Uniti”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is an independent, internally managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) engaged in the acquisition and construction of mission critical infrastructure in the communications industry. We are principally focused on acquiring and constructing fiber optic broadband networks, wireless communications towers, copper and coaxial broadband networks and data centers.

On April 24, 2015, we were separated and spun-off (the “Spin-Off”) from Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings” and together with its subsidiaries, “Windstream”) pursuant to which Windstream contributed certain telecommunications network assets, including fiber and copper networks and other real estate (the “Distribution Systems”) and a small consumer competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) business (the “Consumer CLEC Business”), to Uniti and Uniti issued common stock and indebtedness and paid cash obtained from borrowings under Uniti’s senior credit facilities to Windstream. In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a long-term exclusive triple-net lease (the “Master Lease”) with Windstream, pursuant to which a substantial portion of our real property is leased to Windstream and from which a substantial portion of our leasing revenues are currently derived.

The Company operates through a customary up-REIT structure, pursuant to which we hold substantially all of our assets through a partnership, Uniti Group LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), that we control as general partner. This structure is intended to facilitate future acquisition opportunities by providing the Company with the ability to use common units of the Operating Partnership as a tax-efficient acquisition currency. As of ~~the date of this report,~~December 31, 2019, we are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and own approximately ~~97.7%~~98.2% of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership.

We expect to grow and diversify our portfolio and tenant base by pursuing a range of transaction structures with communication service providers, including, (i) sale leaseback transactions, whereby we acquire existing infrastructure assets from third parties, including communication service providers, and lease them back on a long-term ~~triple net~~triple-net basis; (ii) whole company acquisitions, which may include the use of one or more TRSs that are permitted under the tax laws to acquire and operate non-REIT businesses and assets subject to certain limitations; (iii) capital investment financing, whereby we offer communication service providers a cost efficient method of raising funds for discrete capital investments to upgrade or expand their network; and (iv) mergers and acquisitions financing, whereby we facilitate mergers and acquisition transactions as a capital partner, including through operating company/property company (“OpCo-PropCo”) structures.

We manage our operations as four reportable business segments in addition to our corporate operations:

Leasing Segment: Represents ~~a component of our REIT operations and includes~~ the results from our leasing business, Uniti Leasing, which is engaged in the acquisition of mission-critical communications assets and leasing them to anchor customers on either an exclusive or shared-tenant basis. Uniti Leasing is a component of our REIT operations.

Fiber Infrastructure Segment: Represents the operations of our fiber business, Uniti Fiber, which is a leading provider of infrastructure solutions, including cell site backhaul and dark fiber, to the telecommunications industry.

Towers Segment: Represents the operations of our towers business, Uniti Towers, through which we acquire and construct tower and tower-related real estate and lease space on communications towers to wireless service providers and other ~~tenants.~~tenants in the United States. On April 2, 2019, the Company completed the sale of Uniti ~~Towers is~~Towers’ Latin American business and no longer has on-going operations in Latin America. On May 23, 2019, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of its ground lease business located across the United States. Portions of our towers business are a component of our REIT ~~operations.~~operations, while the remainder is owned and operated by our TRSs. Refer to “Significant Business Developments” below regarding the announced sale of U.S. tower assets.

Consumer CLEC Segment: Represents the operations of Talk America through which we operate the Consumer CLEC Business that prior to the Spin-Off was reported as an integrated operation within Windstream. Talk America provides local telephone, high-speed internet and ~~long distance~~long-distance services to customers in the eastern and central United States. We have commenced a wind down of our Consumer CLEC Business, which we estimate will be completed during the second quarter of 2020.

Corporate Operations: Represents our corporate office and shared service functions. Certain costs and expenses, primarily related to headcount, information technology systems, insurance, professional fees and similar charges, that are directly attributable to operations of our business segments are allocated to the respective segments.

We evaluate the performance of each segment based on Adjusted EBITDA, which is a segment performance measure we define as net income determined in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, the impact, which may be recurring in nature, of transaction and integration related expenses,costs associated with Windstream’s bankruptcy, costs associated with litigation claims made against us, and costs associated with the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system, the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs, costs incurred as a result of the early repayment of debt, gains or losses on dispositions, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and financial instruments, and other similar items. For more information on Adjusted EBITDA, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Detailed information about our segments can be found in Note 1314 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Windstream Bankruptcy Filing.Prior to its bankruptcy filing described below, Windstream ~~has been~~was involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities relating to the Spin-Off. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that ~~Windstream’s~~its attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective.

In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New ~~York.~~York and is currently operating as a “debtor in possession” under supervision of the Bankruptcy Court.

~~In bankruptcy,~~ Windstream ~~has~~Litigation and Settlement. During the ~~option to assume or reject~~first half of 2019, Windstream’s chief executive officer stated that it was evaluating all options as part of the Chapter 11 reorganization process regarding the Master Lease, including renegotiation, recharacterization and rejection of the Master Lease. ~~While we believe~~As further described below, on July 25, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s bankruptcy, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in an adversary proceeding against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging, among other things, that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, that certain rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, that the Master Lease is ~~essential~~a lease of personal property and that Uniti breached certain of its obligations under the Master Lease.

On March 2, 2020, Uniti and Windstream jointly announced that they have reached an agreement in principle to resolve any and all claims and causes of action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the context of Windstream’s bankruptcy. All litigation between Windstream and Uniti will be stayed while the parties negotiate and prepare the definitive documentation to implement the Settlement.

Pursuant to the Settlement, Uniti and Windstream will agree to mutual releases with respect to any and all liability related to any claims and causes of action between them, including those relating to Windstream’s ~~operations,~~Chapter 11 proceedings and the Master Lease. Under the Settlement, Uniti will agree to make a $400 million cash payment to Windstream in equal installments over 20 consecutive quarters beginning the first month after Windstream’s emergence at an annual interest rate of 9%, and Uniti may prepay any installments falling due on or after the first anniversary of the Settlement’s effective date (resulting in total payments ranging from $432-$490 million). Uniti will also transfer the proceeds from the sale of its common stock described below to Windstream. In exchange, Windstream will transfer to Uniti certain dark fiber IRU contracts (that currently generate approximately $21 million in annual operating income before depreciation and amortization) and access rights to 1.8 million fiber strand miles leased by Windstream that is either unutilized or utilized for the dark fiber IRUs being transferred. Uniti will be required to pay Windstream $350 per route mile on any fiber strand miles that are sold above and beyond the fiber strand miles currently being utilized in connection with such dark fiber IRUs. In addition, Uniti will acquire certain Windstream-owned assets, including certain fiber IRU contracts generating $8 million of annual operating income before depreciation and amortization and 0.4 million fiber strand miles covering 4,100 route miles, in exchange for $40.0 million in cash and a 20-year, zero cost, IRU for such strands.

Windstream and Uniti will also agree to bifurcate the Master Lease into two structurally similar, but independent, agreements to govern the ILEC and CLEC facilities, respectively. Certain copper CLEC assets will be governed under the New Lease relating to the ILEC facilities. The initial aggregate annual rent under the New Leases will be equal to the annual rent under the Master Lease currently in effect. Each of Windstream Services, LLC, certain of its subsidiaries and/or newly formed affiliated entities will become parties to the New Leases. The New Leases will contain cross-guarantees and cross-default provisions, which will remain effective as long as Windstream or an affiliate is a tenant under one of the New Leases. In addition, the New Leases will be amended to require that Windstream maintain certain financial covenants and to permit Uniti to transfer its rights and obligations and otherwise monetize or encumber the New Leases so long as it does not transfer interests to a Windstream competitor.

Pursuant to the Settlement, Uniti will agree to fund up to an aggregate $1.75 billion in growth capital improvements in long-term fiber and related assets in certain ILEC and CLEC properties. Growth Capital Improvements will exclude maintenance or repair expenditures and expenditures toward fiber replacement in excess of $70 million per year and will be subject to Uniti’s approval based on underwriting standards to be included in the New Leases. Annual commitments by Uniti for the Growth Capital Improvements will comprise: $125 million in 2020; $225 million per year in 2021 through 2024; $175 million per year in 2025 and 2026; and $125 million per year in 2027 through 2029. Windstream will be entitled to reimbursement for any cumulative Growth Capital Improvements it incurs in excess of the foregoing annual amounts from the commitment amounts in a subsequent period. On the first anniversary of an installment of funding for a Growth Capital Improvement, the annual base rent payable by Windstream will increase by an amount equal to 8.0% of such installment of funding. The Rent Rate will thereafter increase to 100.5% of the prior Rent Rate in subsequent years.

Pursuant to the Settlement, if Windstream is not in compliance with the terms and conditions of the New Leases, Uniti will not be required to fund Growth Capital Improvements. In the event Uniti defaults or otherwise fails to timely satisfy its obligations under the New Leases and Windstream is in compliance with the terms of the New Leases, then Windstream has the right to deduct from the subsequent rent payment or payments, amounts otherwise owed to Windstream.

In connection with the Settlement, Uniti also entered into binding letters of intent on March 2, 2020 with certain first lien creditors of Windstream, pursuant to which Uniti will sell an aggregate of 38,633,470 shares of Uniti common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at $6.33 per share, which represents the closing price of Uniti common stock on the date when an agreement in principle of the basic outline of the Settlement was first reached. Uniti will transfer the proceeds from the sale of the Settlement Common Stock to Windstream as additional settlement consideration.

The issuance and sale of the Settlement Common Stock will be made in reliance upon the exemption from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Certain recipients of the Settlement Common Stock will be subject to a one-year lock up, and all recipients will be subject to a customary standstill agreement. No recipient will receive any governance rights in connection with the issuance.

Finally, on March 2, 2020, Uniti, Windstream and certain of Windstream’s creditors entered into a Plan Support Agreement. Pursuant to the Plan Support Agreement, the Parties agreed to support the Settlement and the approval of a plan of reorganization for Windstream on the terms and subject to the conditions described therein. The Plan Support Agreement is terminable by the Parties upon the occurrence of certain specified termination events, including, among other things, (i) the failure to meet certain case milestones, including failure by Windstream to file a motion to approve the Settlement by March 12, 2020 and failure to obtain approval of the Settlement from the bankruptcy court by April 6, 2020, (ii) failure by Windstream to timely appeal any order by the bankruptcy court denying the Settlement or any order overturning an order approving the Settlement on appeal, and (iii) the issuance by a regulatory authority of an order enjoining, or the commencement of an action that could be reasonably expected to enjoin, material portions of the settlement or substantial consummation of the Settlement (subject to a 10 day cure period). The parties to the Plan Support Agreement expect the Plan to become effective, and for Windstream to emerge from bankruptcy, by August 29, 2020.

The Settlement is subject to negotiation and execution of definitive documentation and certain regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including bankruptcy court approval and Uniti’s receipt of satisfactory “true lease” opinions confirming that the New Leases are “true leases” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the settlement is not approved, Windstream could continue its litigation. See Item 3. Legal Proceedings. If that occurs, it is difficult to predict what could occur in a restructuring, and even a temporary disruption in payments to us may require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties and avoid the imposition of liens on our properties and could impact our ability to fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures and, in an extreme case, our debt service obligations. See Item 1A Risk Factors for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy ~~may have~~restructuring. However, any adverse determination or judicial decision on ~~our operations and financial condition. A rejection by Windstream~~one or more of the ~~Master Lease or its inability or unwillingness to meet its rent and other obligations under the Master Lease~~claims against us could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition ~~including our ability~~or, in certain circumstances, cause us to ~~service debt, comply with debt covenants and pay dividends to our stockholders as required to maintain our status as a REIT.~~file for voluntary Chapter 11 protection.

In addition, a rejection of the Master Lease by Windstream would result in an “event of default” under our Credit Agreement if we are unable to enter into a replacement lease that satisfies certain criteria set forth in the Credit Agreement within ninety (90) calendar days and we do not maintain pro forma compliance with a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of 5.00 to 1.00.

Going Concern. There are conditions and events which raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and in its opinion on our December 31, ~~2018~~2019 financial statements, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, expressed substantial doubt as to whether we could continue as a going concern ~~within~~during the one year ~~after~~period following the date ~~the~~those financial statements ~~are~~were issued as a result of Windstream’s bankruptcy petition, ~~and its~~the bankruptcy’s potential uncertain effects on the Master Lease,. and uncertainties surrounding the satisfaction of conditions required for our settlement with Windstream to be effectuated. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. WeIf the settlement is not implemented, we expect Windstream will continue to perform on the Master Lease and believe it is unlikely that Windstream will reject the Master Lease because the Master Lease is central to Windstream’s operations. We also ~~intend to~~believe that it is unlikely that a court will determine that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing transaction, that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property, or that rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease since at least the third quarter of 2017 constitute constructive fraudulent transfers. We have reduced our dividend and may reduce our capital expenditures, ~~and dividend~~ as well as seek external funding in order to sustain our operations. The failure to provide ~~2018~~2019 audited financial statements without a going concern opinion to the lenders under our Credit Agreement by March 31, ~~2019~~2020 would ~~constitute~~have constituted a breach of the covenants ~~of our Credit Agreement~~ and ~~unless such default is waived by our lenders, would constitute~~ an immediate event of ~~default.~~default under our Credit Agreement, unless waived by our lenders. If an event of default were to ~~occur~~have occurred under our Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement’s administrative agent could ~~declare~~have declared all outstanding loans immediately due and payable. Such an acceleration would ~~trigger~~have triggered cross-default provisions within the indentures governing our senior notes and thereby ~~entitle~~would have entitled the trustee and noteholders to accelerate the repayment of the senior notes.

Secured Notes Offering. On February 10, 2020, the ~~pendency~~Operating Partnership, CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Finance 2019 Inc. and Uniti Fiber, as co-issuers, issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of ~~Windstream’s bankruptcy, or~~7.875% senior secured

notes due 2025 at ~~such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified,~~an issue prices of 100% of par value. The issuers used the ~~Amendment generally limits~~proceeds from the offering to repay all $2.05 billion of outstanding term loans under our ~~ability under the Credit Agreement~~senior secured credit facilities and to ~~(i) prepay unsecured indebtedness and (ii) pay cash dividends in excess~~repay approximately $156.7 million of ~~90%~~revolving loans (and terminated related commitments of approximately $157.6 million).

Sale of U.S. Tower Assets. In February 2020, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell 486 of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. The Amendment also increases the interest rate on our Term Loan Facility, which will now bear a rate of LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor, plus an applicable margin equal to 5.0%, a 200 basis point increase over our previous rate. This increase will be in effect though the remaining term of the facility, which matures on October 24, 2022.

~~Sale of Latin American Tower Portfolio.~~On ~~February 19, 2019, the Company announced it had agreed to sell its Uniti Towers’ business in Latin America to an entity controlled by Phoenix Towers International (“PTI”)~~U.S. towers located across 32 states for total cash consideration of approximately ~~$100 million. PTI will acquire approximately 500 towers located across Mexico, Colombia and Nicaragua. The transaction is~~$190 million, subject to ~~customary closing conditions and is expected to close by~~adjustments. Concurrent with the ~~end~~sale of the ~~first quarter of 2019. This sale will realize value for our stockholders and allows us~~U.S. towers, we entered into a strategic “off-take” tower arrangement with a wireless infrastructure partner. Pursuant to ~~focus on growth opportunities in~~ the ~~United States. Uniti Towers~~“off-take” arrangement, we will continue to bebuild towers in the U.S. and sell those towers to our partner at an agreed upon price during 2020. We also have the option to extend the “off-take” arrangement to 2021.

The definitive agreement includes a ~~significant component~~"go-shop" provision, which permits Uniti's Board of ~~our strategy~~Directors and its advisors to ~~provide~~solicit alternative proposals from third parties. Uniti will have the right to terminate the agreement to enter into a ~~full suite of solutions~~superior proposal subject to ~~wireless carriers~~certain terms and ~~other customers.~~conditions.

Bluebird Network, ~~LLC Operating Company – Property Company Transaction.~~LLC.On ~~January 15,~~August 30, 2019, the Company ~~entered into an~~closed on its OpCo-PropCo transaction with Macquarie Infrastructure Partners (“MIP”) to acquire Bluebird Network, LLC (“Bluebird”). MIP operates within the Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets ~~("MIRA")~~ division of Macquarie Group. Bluebird’s network consists of approximately 178,000 fiber strand miles in the Midwest across Missouri, Kansas, Illinois and Oklahoma. In the transaction, Uniti has ~~agreed to purchase~~purchased the Bluebird fiber network and MIP has ~~agreed to purchase~~purchased the Bluebird operations. In addition, Uniti has ~~agreed to sell~~sold Uniti Fiber’s Midwest operations to MIP, while Uniti ~~will retain~~retains its existing Midwest fiber network. Uniti ~~is acquiring~~acquired the fiber network of Bluebird for ~~$319~~$321 million, of which $175 million ~~will be~~was funded by Uniti in cash and $144 million from pre-paid rent ~~to be~~ received from MIP at closing. In connection with the sale of the Company’s Midwest operations, we ~~will receive~~received total upfront cash of approximately $37 million, including related pre-paid rent ~~to be~~ received from MIP at closing. ~~These transactions are subject to regulatory and other closing conditions and are expected to close by the end of the third quarter of 2019.~~ Concurrently with the closing of these transactions, Uniti ~~will lease~~leased the Bluebird fiber network and its Midwest fiber network on a combined basis to MIP, under a long-term triple net ~~lease, with initial annual cash rents of approximately $20.3 million.~~lease. The lease ~~will be~~is reported within the results of our Leasing segment. The Midwest operations that ~~will be~~were sold to MIP ~~are currently~~was previously reported in our Fiber Infrastructure segment.

~~Acquisition~~Under the terms of ~~Information Transport Solutions,~~our lease with MIP (the “Bluebird Lease”), we have the right, but not the obligation, to fund growth capital expenditures. Assets constructed with our capital become a part of the leased assets upon completion. MIP will compensate the Company from the date of funding based on a mix of fixed and variable payments as stipulated in the lease agreement. The Company will recognize revenue associated with these assets from the date of completion through the end of the initial lease term. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has committed to fund approximately $22.7 million of growth capital expenditures, of which $11.4 million was funded during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Convertible Preferred Stock Conversion. On July 2, 2019, the Company issued 8,677,163 shares of its common stock in connection with the conversion by PEG Bandwidth Holdings, LLC of 87,500 shares of the Company’s 3.00% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Shares”). The Company issued common stock with a total value of $87.5 million, with the total number of shares calculated based on the five-day volume weighted average price of its common stock ending on June 27, 2019. Upon conversion, all outstanding Series A Shares were cancelled and no longer remain outstanding.

Exchangeable Notes Offering. On June 28, 2019, Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. (“Uniti Fiber”), a subsidiary of the Company, issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Exchangeable Notes”). The Exchangeable Notes are guaranteed by the Company and each of the Company’s subsidiaries (other than Uniti Fiber) that is an issuer, obligor or guarantor under the Company’s other outstanding notes. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019. The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at Uniti Fiber’s election. The Exchangeable Notes will mature on June 15, 2024, unless earlier exchanged, redeemed or repurchased.

The net proceeds from the sale of the Exchangeable Notes were approximately $334.7 million, after deducting discounts and commissions to the initial purchasers of the Exchangeable Notes. A portion of the net proceeds were used to repay outstanding borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility, variable rate, that matures

Consumer CLEC Business. On April 23, 2019, Windstream provided notice to Uniti of its termination of (i) the Wholesale Master Services Agreement between Windstream Communications, Inc. ~~(“ITS”~~and Talk America, (ii) the Master Services Agreement between Windstream Services, LLC and Talk America, and (iii) the Billing and Remittance Agreement between Windstream Services, LLC and CSL National, LP, each dated April 24, 2015 (collectively the “Agreements”). The termination of the Agreements is effective April 20, 2020. Under the Agreements, Windstream provides us transport, provisioning, repair and billing and collection services necessary to operate our Consumer CLEC Business. We ~~acquired~~currently do not have the infrastructure necessary to perform these services in the absence of the Agreements. We have evaluated the costs of building out the required infrastructure and have determined that incurring such costs would not be economically feasible. Furthermore, we have evaluated potential strategic alternatives with respect to the Consumer CLEC Business, including retaining other vendors to perform the services currently provided under the Agreements, and an outright sale of all or parts of the ~~outstanding membership interests~~business, but have not identified viable alternatives. As a result, we have commenced a wind down of ~~ITS for approximately $59.6 million in cash, including~~our Consumer CLEC Business, which includes customer notifications and terminations. We anticipate that the ~~payoff~~business will be completely wound down prior to the April 20, 2020 effective date of ~~existing indebtedness~~the termination of the Agreements. The subsidiaries comprising our Consumer CLEC Business are direct subsidiaries of Uniti Group Inc. and ~~unpaid transaction expenses. ITS~~are not subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, which is a ~~full-service provider of technology solutions, primarily~~primary obligor and/or guarantor under our Credit Agreement and our outstanding notes, and do not guarantee such debt. Other than the assets and liabilities and results related to ~~educational institutions in Alabama~~the Consumer CLEC Business, which are immaterial, the financial condition and ~~Florida.~~

~~Over 30% of ITS’s total revenue is on Uniti Fiber’s network, which is expected to increase under Uniti Fiber’s ownership. The~~ results of operations of ~~ITS~~the Operating Partnership and Uniti Group Inc. are ~~reflected~~identical in ~~the Fiber Infrastructure segment beginning October 19, 2018.~~all material respects.

~~Hurricane Michael.~~ During October 2018 Hurricane Michael made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. The storm resulted in significant damage to the Uniti Fiber network in Florida’s Bay County and surrounding areas. Shortly after landfall we dedicated substantial internal and third-party resources to repair and replace the damaged network, as well as to make enhancements to the network in the impacted areas. As40

~~Acquisition and Lease-back of CableSouth Media, LLC Fiber Assets.~~ On October 9, 2018, we completed the acquisition of fiber assets from CableSouth Media, LLC (“CableSouth”) for cash consideration of $31 million. In the transaction, Uniti acquired 43,000 fiber strand miles located across Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi, of which 34,000 fiber strand miles were leased back to CableSouth on a triple-net basis. Uniti has exclusive use of 9,000 fiber strand miles, which are adjacent to Uniti Fiber’s southern network footprint. The initial lease term is 20 years with four 5-year renewal options at CableSouth’s discretion. Annual cash rent is initially $2.9 million with a fixed annual escalator of 2.0%. The results of this transaction are recorded within our Leasing segment.

~~Acquisition and Lease-back of U.S. TelePacific Holding Corp. Fiber Assets.~~ On September 19, 2018, we completed the acquisition and lease-back of the California fiber assets of U.S. Telepacific Holding Corp. (“TPx”), for total cash consideration of $70 million. On May 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition and lease-back of the non-California fiber assets of TPx, which included exclusive use fiber strand miles in Texas, for total cash consideration of $25 million. The initial lease term is 15 years with five 5-year renewal options at TPx’s discretion. Initial annual cash rent related to the non-California and California assets is $8.8 million with a fixed annual escalator of 1.5%. The results of these transactions are recorded within our Leasing segment.

~~IRS Private Letter Ruling.~~ During July 2018, we received a favorable private letter ruling (“PLR”) from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) in connection with our request for guidance to clarify the treatment of income the Company receives from certain communication infrastructure assets. In the PLR, the IRS addressed and favorably ruled that the revenues generated from certain communication infrastructure assets that presently are part of our TRSs would be considered rent from real property.

~~Dark Fiber Acquisition and Anchor Tenant Lease.~~ On May 10, 2018, the Company acquired from CenturyLink, Inc. 30 long-haul intercity dark fiber routes totaling 11,000 route miles and 270,000 fiber strand miles across 25 states. This transaction was approved by the U.S. Department of Justice as a condition of the merger between CenturyLink, Inc. and Level 3 Communications, Inc., and adds attractive, high demand assets to Uniti Leasing. Simultaneously with this purchase, the Company executed an anchor tenant lease with a Fortune 100 company for 11% of the fiber strand miles. During August 2018, the Company executed a lease agreement with a national multiple system operator (“MSO”) on existing Uniti Leasing fiber. The lease term will be 20 years covering approximately 9,900 route miles or 41,000 fiber strand miles. Annual results related to the agreements are reported within our Leasing segment.

The following tables sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations expressed as dollars and as a percentage of total revenues:

(Thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2019			% of Revenues	Year Ended December 31, 2018			% of Revenues
Revenues:
Leasing	$	716,640		67.8%	$	699,847		68.8%
Fiber Infrastructure		315,605		29.8%		289,239		28.4%
Tower		14,693		1.4%		14,617		1.4%
Consumer CLEC		10,673		1.0%		13,931		1.4%
Total revenues		1,057,611		100.0%		1,017,634		100.0%
Costs and Expenses:
Interest expense, net		390,112		36.9%		319,591		31.4%
Depreciation and amortization		405,754		38.4%		451,750		44.4%
General and administrative expense		102,900		9.7%		85,198		8.4%
Operating expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		160,024		15.1%		137,065		13.5%
Transaction related and other costs		43,708		4.1%		17,410		1.7%
Gain on sale of real estate		(28,995	)	(2.7%)		-		-
Other income, net		(31,463	)	(3.0%)		(4,504	)	(0.4%)
Total costs and expenses		1,042,040		98.5%		1,006,510		98.9%

Income before income taxes		15,571		1.5%		11,124		1.1%
Income tax expense (benefit)		4,663		0.5%		(5,421	)	(0.5%)
Net income		10,908		1.0%		16,545		1.6%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		326		0.0%		358		0.0%
Net income attributable to shareholders		10,582		1.0%		16,187		1.6%
Participating securities' share in earnings		(549	)	0.0%		(2,594	)	(0.2%)
Dividends declared on convertible preferred stock		(656	)	(0.1%)		(2,624	)	(0.3%)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		(993	)	(0.1%)		(2,980	)	(0.3%)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	8,384		0.8%	$	7,989		0.8%

The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, revenues and Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segments:

	Year Ended December 31, 2018																		Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Thousands)	Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments			Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments
Revenues	$	699,847		$	289,239		$	14,617		$	13,931		$	-		$	1,017,634		$	716,640		$	315,605		$	14,693		$	10,673		$	-		$	1,057,611

Adjusted EBITDA	$	697,545		$	123,389		$	355		$	3,353		$	(21,759	)	$	802,883		$	711,119		$	126,754		$	(595	)	$	1,955		$	(26,494	)	$	812,739
Adjusted EBITDA margin		99.7	%		42.7	%		2.4	%		24.1	%	-				78.9	%		99.2	%		40.2	%		(4.0	%)		18.3	%	-				76.8	%
Less:
Interest expense, net																	319,591																		390,112
Depreciation and amortization		337,126			105,651			6,704			1,994			275			451,750			282,107			114,566			6,474			1,879			728			405,754
Other income																	(4,504	)
Transaction related costs																	17,410
Other income, net																																			(24,219	)
Transaction related and other costs																																			43,708
Gain on sale of real estate																																			(28,995	)
Stock-based compensation																	8,064																		10,808
Income tax benefit																	(5,421	)
Other																	(552	)
Income tax expense																																			4,663
Net income																$	16,545																	$	10,908

	Year Ended December 31, 2017																		Year Ended December 31, 2018
(Thousands)	Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments			Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments
Revenues	$	685,099		$	202,791		$	10,055		$	18,087		$	-		$	916,032		$	699,847		$	289,239		$	14,617		$	13,931		$	-		$	1,017,634

Adjusted EBITDA	$	683,651		$	83,987		$	(831	)	$	4,556		$	(21,839	)	$	749,524		$	697,545		$	123,389		$	355		$	3,353		$	(21,759	)	$	802,883
Adjusted EBITDA margin		99.8	%		41.4	%		(8.3	%)		25.2	%	-				81.8	%		99.7	%		42.7	%		2.4	%		24.1	%	-				78.9	%
Less:
Interest expense, net																	305,994																		319,591
Depreciation and amortization		347,999			78,307			4,907			2,607			385			434,205			337,126			105,651			6,704			1,994			275			451,750
Other expense																	11,284
Transaction related costs																	38,005
Other income, net																																			(4,504	)
Transaction related and other costs																																			17,410
Stock-based compensation																	7,713																		8,064
Income tax benefit																	(38,849	)																	(5,421	)
Net loss																$	(8,828	)
Other																																			(552	)
Net income																																		$	16,545

Leasing – Leasingrevenues are primarily attributable to rental revenue from leasing our Distribution Systems to Windstream Holdings pursuant to the Master Lease. Under the Master Lease, Windstream Holdings is responsible for the costs related to operating the Distribution Systems, including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance and repair costs. As a result, we do not record an obligation related to the payment of property taxes, as Windstream makes direct payments to the taxing authorities. The Master Lease has an initial term of 15 years with four 5-year renewal options and encompasses properties located in 29 states. ~~Cash~~Annual cash rent under the Master Lease is currently $657 million and is subject to an annual escalation of 0.5% each May through the initial term. ~~Rental revenues~~

We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASC 842”) as of January 1, 2019. This standard supersedes prior guidance regarding the evaluation of collectability of lease receivables, including straight-line revenue receivables. We evaluated the collectability of our straight-line revenue receivable associated with the Master Lease in accordance with the transition provisions of ASC 842, and at the date of adoption, due to uncertainties surrounding Windstream’s operations and liquidity, including uncertainties surrounding the outcome of

Windstream’s pending litigation, we concluded that it was not probable that we would collect all future payments due to the Company over the initial term of the Master Lease ~~are recognized in~~. As a result, effective January 1, 2019, the ~~financial statements~~Company recorded the Master Lease on a cash basis in accordance with ASC 842 and will not reflect a straight-line ~~basis, representing approximately $670.8~~revenue receivable until a time at which collectability of all future rents is determined to be probable. At the adoption of ASC 842, we reflected the write-off of the straight-line revenue balance as of January 1, 2019 as a $61.5 million ~~per year~~.adjustment to equity resulting from the change in accounting principle.

The Master Lease provides that tenant funded capital improvements (“TCIs”), defined as maintenance, repair, overbuild, upgrade or replacement to the ~~leased network,~~Distribution Systems, including without limitation, the replacement of copper distribution systems with fiber distribution systems, automatically become property of Uniti upon their construction by Windstream. We receive non-monetary consideration related to TCIs as they automatically become our property, and we recognize the cost basis of TCIs that are capital in nature as real estate investments and deferred revenue. We depreciate the real estate investments over their estimated useful lives and amortize the deferred revenue as additional leasing revenues over the same depreciable life of the TCI assets.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $687.9 million of revenue from rents under the Master Lease, which included $29.0 million of TCI revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $693.9 million of revenue under the Master Lease, which included $23.1 million of non-cash TCI revenue and $15.1 million of non-cash straight-line rental revenue. The increase in TCI revenue is attributable to continued investment by Windstream in TCIs. Windstream invested $164.7 million in TCIs during the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase from $153.6 million it invested in TCIs during the year ended December 31, 2018. Since the inception of the Master Lease, Windstream has invested a total of $771.8 million in such improvements.

Because a substantial portion of our revenue and cash flows are derived from lease payments by Windstream pursuant to the Master Lease, there could be a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and/or ability to maintain our status as a REIT and service debt if Windstream were to reject the Master Lease in bankruptcy, default under the Master Lease, succeed in its claims against us or otherwise experiences operating or liquidity difficulties and becomes unable to generate sufficient cash to make payments to us. In recent years, Windstream has experienced annual declines in its total revenue, sales and cash flow, has had its credit ratings downgraded by nationally recognized credit rating agencies multiple times over the past 12 months and, on February 25, 2019, filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.

Windstream’s stock is quoted on the OTC Markets under the ticker symbol “WINMQ.” Windstream is subject to the periodic filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, but Windstream is not current in its reporting obligations. Windstream filings can be found at www.sec.gov. Windstream filings are not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $28.7 million of leasing revenues from non-Windstream triple-net leasing and dark fiber IRU arrangements, including $7.2 million of revenue related to the Bluebird transaction that closed on August 30, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $6.0 million from non-Windstream triple-net leasing and dark fiber IRU arrangements. The increase in non-Windstream related revenues is due to the timing of closing sale-leaseback transactions, including the Bluebird transaction.

Fiber Infrastructure – For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized $315.6 million and $289.2 million of revenue, respectively, in our Fiber Infrastructure segment. The increase is primarily driven by the timing of the Information Transport Solutions, Inc. (“ITS”) acquisition that occurred on October 19, 2018, which contributed revenues of $36.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to $9.0 million of revenues from the date of acquisition to December 31, 2018. Revenue components for the Fiber Infrastructure segment for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

At December 31, 2019, we had approximately 20,900 customer connections, up from 18,200 customer connections at December 31, 2018.

Towers – Towers revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

The increased revenue in the United States for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, is primarily driven by our development activities, and the inclusion of a non-recurring charge of $1.1 million related to the accounting of straight-line rents during the year ended December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we completed the construction of 242 towers in the U.S. At December 31, 2019, the Uniti Towers’ domestic portfolio consisted of 672 wireless communications towers located in 33 states across the eastern and central regions in the United States, an increase from 430 wireless communications towers at December 31, 2018. The decrease in revenues in Latin America compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 is due to the April 2, 2019 sale of our Latin American tower portfolio.

Consumer CLEC – For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $10.7 million of revenue from the Consumer CLEC Business, compared to $13.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease is primarily attributable to a loss of customers during the period. We served approximately 10,800 customers as of December 31, 2019, a 52% decrease from 22,500 at December 31, 2018. We have commenced a wind down of our Consumer CLEC Business, which we expect to be completed by the second quarter of 2020.

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, totaled $390.1 million, which includes non-cash interest expense of $42.8 million resulting from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs, partially offset by $3.1 million of capitalized interest. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, totaled $319.6 million, which includes non-cash interest expense of $24.6 million resulting from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs, partially offset by $5.6 million of capitalized interest.

The increase is primarily related to an increase of interest expense of $31.9 million on the Term Loan Facility as a result of the Fourth Amendment to our Credit Agreement, which increased the rate of our term loans by 200 basis points effective March 18, 2019, an increase of interest expense of $13.2 million on the Revolving Credit Facility primarily due to the Fifth Amendment to our Credit Agreement, which, until our entry into the Sixth Amendment on February 10, 2020, increased the rate by 200 basis points effective June 24, 2019, and an increase of $7.0 million of cash interest expense incurred on our 4.0% Exchangeable Notes issued June 28, 2019. Furthermore, there was an increase in non-cash interest expense from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs of $18.2 million related to the issues of the Exchangeable Notes and as a result of the Fourth Amendment.

We incur depreciation and amortization expense related to our property, plant and equipment, corporate assets and intangible assets. Charges for depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled $405.8 million, which included $378.6 million of depreciation expense and $27.2 million of amortization expense. Charges for depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $451.8 million, which included property, plant and equipment depreciation of $425.2 million and intangible asset amortization of $26.6 million.

General and administrative expenses include compensation costs, including stock-based compensation awards, professional and legal services, corporate office costs and other costs associated with the administrative activities of our segments. For the year ended December 31, 2019, general and administrative costs totaled $102.9 million, which includes $10.8 million of stock-based compensation expense. For the year ended December 31, 2018, general and administrative costs totaled $85.2 million, which includes $8.1 million of stock-based compensation expense. The remaining $15.0 million, or 17.6%, increase in 2019 over 2018 is primarily driven by increased legal & professional fees, increased insurance costs, and increased labor costs.

Operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, totaled $160.0 million compared to $137.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Operating expense for our reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

Fiber Infrastructure – For the year ended December 31, 2019, Fiber Infrastructure operating expenses totaled $139.5 million as compared to $117.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Operating expense consists of

network related costs, such as dark fiber and tower rents, and lit service and maintenance expense. In addition, costs associated with our construction activities are presented within operating expenses. The increase in operating expenses is primarily attributable to the timing of the ITS acquisition that occurred on October 19, 2018, which incurred operating expenses of $26.5 million and $5.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Towers – Our Towers segment operating expense primarily consists of ground rent, some or all of which may be passed to our tenants, as well as property taxes, regulatory fees and maintenance and repairs expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Towers operating expense was $9.8 million and included $8.8 million of expenses related to our U.S. towers operations and $1.0 million related to our Latin American tower operations. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Towers operating expense was $8.0 million and included $4.0 million of expenses related to our U.S. towers operations and $4.0 million related to our Latin American tower operations. The increase in the U.S. in primarily driven by our development activities, while the decrease in Latin America is due to the sale of our Latin American tower portfolio.

Consumer CLEC – Expense associated with the Consumer CLEC Business is primarily attributable to the Wholesale Agreement and the Master Services Agreement entered into between us and Windstream in connection with the Spin-Off, and also includes costs arising under the interconnection agreements with other telecommunication carriers. Expense associated with the Wholesale Agreement and Master Services Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled $5.9 million (0.6% of revenue) and $0.6 million (0.1% of revenue), respectively, and expense associated with the Wholesale Agreement and the Master Services Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $7.8 million (0.8% of revenue) and $0.7 million (0.1% of revenue), respectively.

Transaction costs included incremental acquisition, pursuit, transaction and integration costs, including unsuccessful acquisition pursuit costs. In addition, these costs include costs incurred as a result of Windstream’s bankruptcy filing, costs associated with Windstream’s claims against us and costs associated with the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred $43.7 million of transaction related and other costs, compared to $17.4 million of such costs during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase is primarily related to $32.8 million of total costs associated with the non-capitalizable Bluebird asset acquisition expenses, sale of our Latin America Tower portfolio, costs related to the Windstream bankruptcy, costs associated with Windstream’s claims against us and costs associated with the implementation of our enterprise resource planning system. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in Uniti Fiber integration costs of $3.3 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized realized gains of $23.8 million and $5.1 million related to the sale of Uniti Towers’ Latin American business and sale of our U.S. ground lease business, respectively.

We recognized $31.5 million of other income for the year ended December 31, 2019, which included a $28.5 million unrealized gain for mark-to-market adjustments on our contingent consideration arrangements. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2018, totaled $4.5 million, primarily as a result of a net unrealized gain of $3.7 million for mark-to-market adjustments on our contingent consideration arrangements.

We recorded a $4.7 million income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2019. Included in income tax expense is approximately $15.6 million of income tax expense related to (i) expense related to the cancellation of debt income that was recognized for federal income tax purposes as a result of the Fourth Amendment ($4.6 million), (ii) expense related to capital gain from the sale of Uniti Towers’ Latin American business ($4.6 million), (iii) expense related to undistributed income from operations ($3.2 million), (iv) expense attributable to

unrecognized tax benefit related to the sale of Uniti Towers’ Latin American business ($2.9 million) and (v) expense related to franchise and gross receipts taxes ($0.3 million). Income tax expense was partially offset by a $10.9 million income tax benefit related to pre-tax loss in our Fiber Infrastructure segment. We recorded a $5.4 million income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2018, $1.3 million of which relates to the impact of the reduction in the corporate tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on purchase price allocation adjustments recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the remainder of which is primarily driven by pre-tax loss in our Fiber Infrastructure segment.

The following tables sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations expressed as dollars and as a percentage of total revenues:

The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, revenues and Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segments:

Leasing – For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $693.9 million of revenue under the Master Lease, which included $23.1 million of non-cash TCI revenue and $15.1 million of non-cash straight-line rental revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized $685.1 million of revenue under the Master Lease, which included $14.3 million of non-cash TCI revenue and $17.3 million of non-cash straight-line rental revenue. The increase in TCI revenue is attributable to continued investment by Windstream in TCIs. Windstream invested $153.6 million in TCIs during the year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease from $228.0 million it invested in TCIs during the year ended December 31, 2017. ~~Since the inception of the Master Lease, Windstream has invested a total of $607.1~~ ~~million in such improvements~~.

~~Because~~ ~~a substantial portion of our revenue and cash flows are derived from lease payments by Windstream~~ pursuant to the Master Lease, there could be a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and/or ability to pay dividends and service debt if Windstream were to default under the Master Lease or otherwise experiences operating or liquidity difficulties and becomes unable to generate sufficient cash to make payments to us. In recent years, Windstream has experienced annual declines in its total revenue, sales and cash flow, and has had its credit ratings downgraded by nationally recognized credit rating agencies multiple times over the past 12 months. In addition, Windstream has been involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities

relating to our spin-off from Windstream. On December 7, 2017, the entity issued a notice of acceleration to Windstream claiming that the alleged default had matured into an “event of default” and that the principal amount, along with accrued interest, of such securities was due and payable immediately. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that Windstream’s attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective.

In bankruptcy, Windstream has the option to assume or reject the Master Lease. While we believe that the Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s operations, it is difficult to predict what could occur in a restructuring, and even a temporary disruption in payments to us may require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties and avoid the imposition of liens on our properties and could impact our ability to fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures and, in an extreme case, our debt service obligations. See Item 1A Risk Factors for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on our operations and financial condition. A rejection by Windstream of the Master Lease or its inability or unwillingness to meet its rent and other obligations under the Master Lease could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition, including our ability to service debt and pay dividends to our stockholders as required to maintain our status as a REIT.

Windstream is a publicly traded company and is subject to the periodic filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Windstream filings can be found at www.sec.gov. Windstream filings are not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $6.0 million of leasing revenues from non-Windstream triple-net leasing and dark fiber indefeasible rights of use (“IRU”) arrangements. No such revenues were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Fiber Infrastructure – ~~For~~In the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $289.2 and $202.8 of revenue, in our Fiber Infrastructure segment. The increase is primarily attributable to the timing of the acquisitions of Southern Light, LLC (“Southern Light”) and Hunt Telecommunications LLC (“Hunt”), which were both acquired on July 3, 2017. Southern Light and Hunt contributed revenues of $132.8 million and $61.9 million, to our consolidated results for the year-ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from the date of acquisition through

December 31, 2017, respectively. In addition, we acquired ITS on October 19, 2018, which contributed ~~$8.9~~$9.0 million of revenues from the date of acquisition to December 31, 2018. Revenue components for the Fiber Infrastructure segment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following:

At December 31, 2018, we had approximately 18,200 customer connections, up from 16,750 customer connections at December 31, 2017.

Towers – Towers revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following:

The increased revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, is primarily driven by our development activities in the United States and acquisition of additional NMS development towers in Latin America pursuant to our purchase agreement with Network Management Holdings LTD (“NMS”). During 2018 we completed the construction of 203 towers in the U.S. and added 58 towers in Latin America, of which 39 were NMS development towers. As of December 31, 2018, we acquired 89 of the 105 towers that were under development at the time of the NMS acquisition, and the remaining 16 development towers were cancelled and will not be completed and purchased.

At December 31, 2018, the Uniti Towers’ portfolio consisted of 430 wireless communications towers located in 26 states across the eastern and central regions in the United States, and 498 wireless communications towers in Latin America.

Consumer CLEC – For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $13.9 million of revenue from the Consumer CLEC Business, compared to $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease is primarily attributable to a loss of customers during the period. We served approximately 22,500 customers as of December 31, 2018, a 21.1% decrease from 28,500 at December 31, 2017. The decrease in customers is due to the effects of competition and customer attrition.

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, totaled $319.6 million, which includes non-cash interest expense of $24.6 million resulting from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs, partially offset by $5.6 million of capitalized interest. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2017,

totaled $306.0 million, which includes non-cash interest expense of $23.1 million resulting from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs. The increase is related to $5.9 million of interest expense on the 2024 Notes issued in May of 2017, an increase in interest expense incurred on the ~~revolving credit facility~~Revolving Credit Facility of $10.8 million due to increased borrowings and LIBOR rates compared to the prior year. This was partially offset by a decrease in interest expense related to capitalized interest of $5.6 million, which was not incurred in the year ended December 31, 2017.

We incur depreciation and amortization expense related to our property, plant and equipment, corporate assets and intangible assets. Charges for depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $451.8 million, (~~44.4% of revenue),~~ which included property, plant and equipment depreciation of $425.2 million and intangible asset amortization of $26.6 million. Charges for depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2017 totaled $434.2 million, (~~47.4% of revenue),~~ which included property, plant and equipment depreciation of $415.9 million and intangible asset amortization of $18.3 million. The increase is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt that closed on July 3, 2017.

General and administrative expenses include compensation costs (including stock-based compensation awards), professional and legal services, corporate office costs and other costs associated with the administrative activities of our segments. For the year ended December 31, 2018, general and administrative costs totaled $85.2 million, (~~8.4% of revenue),~~ which includes $8.1 million of stock-based compensation expense. For the year ended December 31, 2017, general and administrative costs totaled $72.0 million, (~~7.9% of revenue),~~ which includes $7.7 million of stock-based compensation expense. The increase is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt that closed on July 3, 2017.

Operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, totaled $137.1 million ~~(13.4% of revenue)~~ compared to $102.2 million ~~(11.2% of revenue)~~ for the year ended December 31, 2017. Operating expense for our reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following:

Fiber Infrastructure – The increase to Fiber Infrastructure operating expense is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Fiber Infrastructure operating expenses totaled $117.8 million as compared to $83.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The remaining increase was primarily driven by an increase in construction-related expenses and network costs, specifically lit service and maintenance expenses.

Towers – Our Towers segment operating expense consists primarily of ground rent, some or all of which may be passed to our tenants, as well as regulatory fees and maintenance and repairs. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Towers operating expense included $5.1 million of ground rent expense, compared to $3.2 million of ground rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2017. The change is attributable to an increase in completed towers at December 31, 2018 from December 31, 2017, driven by our development activity in the United States and acquisition of additional NMS development towers in Latin America.

Consumer CLEC – Expense associated with the Consumer CLEC Business is primarily attributable to the Wholesale Agreement and the Master Services Agreement entered into between us and Windstream in connection with the Spin-Off, and also includes costs arising under the interconnection agreements with other telecommunication carriers. Expense associated with the Wholesale Agreement and Master Services Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $7.8 million (~~0.8% of revenue)~~ and $0.7million, (~~0.1% of revenue),~~ respectively, and expense associated with the Wholesale Agreement and the Master Services Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2017 totaled $10.2 million (~~1.1% of revenue)~~ and $1.3 million, (~~0.1% of revenue),~~ respectively.

Other income for the year ended December 31, 2018, totaled $4.5 million, ~~(0.4% of revenue),~~ primarily as a result of a net unrealized gain of $3.7 million for mark-to-market adjustments on our contingent consideration arrangements. Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, totaled $11.3million, ~~(1.2% of revenue),~~ primarily as a result

of a net unrealized loss of $10.7 million for mark-to-market adjustments on our contingent consideration arrangements.

We recorded $5.4 million in income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2018. This benefit was primarily driven by pre-tax losses in our Fiber Infrastructure Segment which resulted in an income tax benefit of approximately $6.1 million, including $1.3 million of income tax benefit related to the impact of the ~~Tax Bill~~2017 tax reform legislation on certain purchase accounting adjustments related to 2017 acquisitions that were recorded in 2018. We recorded a combined income tax expense of approximately $0.7 million related to our Leasing Segment and Consumer CLEC Segment. This was primarily driven by pre-tax income in our Consumer CLEC Segment and state tax expense recorded in our Leasing Segment.

~~The following tables sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations expressed as dollars and as a percentage of total revenues:~~

~~The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenues and Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segments:~~

~~Leasing~~ – For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized $685.1 million of revenue under the Master Lease, which included $14.3 million of TCI revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $677.4 million of revenue under the Master Lease, which included $6.1 million of TCI revenue. ~~The increase in TCI revenue is attributable to increased investment by Windstream in TCIs. Windstream invested $228~~ ~~million in TCIs during the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase from $157~~ ~~million it invested in TCIs during the year ended December 31, 2016.~~

~~Fiber Infrastructure~~ ~~– In our Fiber Infrastructure segment, we recognized $202.8 million of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017, of which~~ ~~approximately~~ ~~55.1% was derived from lit backhaul services, approximately~~ ~~20.6% was derived from internet and voice revenue, approximately~~ ~~11.3% was derived from construction revenue and approximately~~ ~~13.0% was derived from other services. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $70.6 million of revenue in the~~ ~~Fiber Infrastructure segment, approximately 78% of which was derived from lit backhaul services.~~ ~~The revenue increase is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of PEG Bandwidth,~~

~~LLC (“PEG” or “PEG Bandwidth”), Tower Cloud Inc. (“Tower Cloud”), Southern Light and Hunt.~~ ~~At December 31, 2017, we had approximately~~ ~~16,750~~ ~~customer connections, up from 5,450 customer connections at December 31, 2016. The increase is primarily attributable to the July 3, 2017 acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt.~~

~~Towers~~ ~~– For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized $10.1~~ ~~million of revenue in our Towers segment, of which $7.5~~ ~~million relates to our Latin American operations, primarily driven by revenues associated with our January 2017 acquisition of NMS.~~

At December 31, 2017, the Uniti Towers’ portfolio consisted of 227 wireless communications towers located in 20 states across the eastern and central regions of the United States, and 440 wireless communications towers in Latin America.

~~Consumer CLEC~~ – For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized $18.1 million of revenue from the Consumer CLEC Business, compared to $22.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease is primarily attributable to a loss of customers during the period. We served approximately 28,500 customers as of December 31, 2017, a 23% decrease from 37,000 at December 31, 2016. The decrease in customers is due to the effects of competition and customer attrition.

~~Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, totaled $306.0~~ ~~million, which includes non-cash interest expense of $23.1~~ million resulting from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2016, totaled $275.4 million, which includes non-cash interest expense of $16.0 million resulting from the amortization of our debt discounts and debt issuance costs. The increase is primarily related to interest expense on the additional $150 million aggregate principal amount of 6.00% Senior Secured Notes issued on June 16, 2016 as an add-on to the Company’s existing senior secured notes (the “add-on Secured Notes”) and the 2024 Notes of $41 million. This increase was partially offset by approximately $19 million of interest savings related to the repricing of $2.1 billion of term loans outstanding under our senior secured credit agreement. Effective February 9, 2017, interest on the term loans was LIBOR plus 3.00% per annum (with a minimum LIBOR rate of 1.0%), compared to LIBOR plus 4.0% per annum (with a minimum LIBOR rate of 1.0%) for the year ended December 31, 2016.

We incur depreciation and amortization expense related to our property, plant and equipment, corporate assets and intangible assets. Charges for depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2017 totaled $~~434.2~~ ~~million (47.4% of revenue), which included property, plant and equipment depreciation of $415.9~~ ~~million and intangible asset amortization of $18.3~~ ~~million.~~ ~~Charges for depreciation and amortization~~ ~~for the year ended December 31, 2016~~ ~~totaled $376.0 million~~ (~~48.8% of revenue)~~, ~~which included property, plant and equipment depreciation of $369.9~~ ~~million and intangible asset amortization of $6.1~~ ~~million.~~ ~~The increase is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of PEG, Tower Cloud, Southern Light and Hunt.~~

~~General~~ and administrative expenses include compensation costs (including stock-based compensation awards), professional and legal services, corporate office costs and other costs associated with the administrative activities of our segments. For the year ended December 31, 2017, general and administrative costs totaled $~~72.0~~ ~~million (7.9% of revenue), which includes $7.7~~ million of stock-based compensation expense. For the year ended December 31, 2016, general and administrative costs totaled $35.4 million (4.6% of revenue), which includes $4.8 million of stock-based compensation expense. The increase is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of PEG and Tower Cloud, which closed on May 2, 2016 and August 31, 2016, respectively, as well as the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt that closed on July 3, 2017.

Operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, totaled $102.2 million (11.2% of revenue), and consisted of $83.5 million (9.1% of revenue) of expense related to the Fiber Infrastructure segment operations, $5.1 million (0.6% of revenue) of expense related to the Towers segment operations and $13.5 million (1.5% of revenue) of expense related to the Consumer CLEC Business. For the year ended December 31, 2016, operating expenses totaled $49.7 million (6.4% of revenue), which related to the operation of the Consumer CLEC Business ($17.4 million) and Fiber Infrastructure operations ($32.1 million).

The increase to Fiber Infrastructure operating expense is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisitions of PEG and Tower Cloud, which closed on May 2, 2016 and August 31, 2016, respectively, as well as the acquisition of Southern Light and Hunt that closed on July 3, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Fiber Infrastructure operating expenses included $21.1 million of construction-related expense, $15.9 million of lit service expense, $11.0 million of tower rent, $10.4 million of maintenance expense, $7.0 million of dark fiber rent and $4.8 million of payroll-related expense. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Fiber Infrastructure operating expenses included $7.0 million of tower rent, $5.3 million of payroll-related expense and $4.3 million of lit service expense.

The increase to Towers operating expense is primarily driven by the timing of the acquisition of NMS, which closed on January 31, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Tower operating expenses included $3.2 million of tower rent, $0.9 million of site monitoring expenses and $0.2 million of insurance expense.

~~Expense associated~~ with the Consumer CLEC Business is primarily attributable to the Wholesale Agreement and the Master Services Agreement entered into between us and Windstream in connection with the Spin-Off, and also included costs arising under the interconnection agreements with other telecommunication carriers. Expense associated with the Wholesale Agreement and Master Services Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2017 totaled $~~10.2~~ ~~million (1.1% of revenue) and $1.3~~ million (0.1% of revenue), respectively, and expense associated with the Wholesale Agreement and the Master Services Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled $12.5 million (1.6% of revenue) and $1.7 million (0.2~~% of revenue), respectively.~~

~~Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, totaled~~ $~~11.3 million (1.2% of revenue), primarily as a result of a net unrealized loss of $10.7 million for mark-to-market adjustments on our contingent consideration arrangements.~~

~~We recorded $38.8~~ million in income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017. This benefit was primarily driven by the release of valuation allowance and impact of corporate tax reform. Income tax benefit of $8.2 million was recorded for the release of a valuation allowance related to the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt. The Southern Light and Hunt transactions resulted in the recording of a deferred tax liability, and this future reversal of taxable temporary differences supports the realization of deferred tax assets which previously had a valuation allowance. $~~17.0~~ ~~million relates to revision of ending net deferred tax asset balances to the lower future corporate tax rate.~~

We refer to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Funds From Operations ~~("FFO"~~(“FFO”) (as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ~~("NAREIT"~~(“NAREIT”)) and Adjusted Funds From Operations ~~("AFFO"~~(“AFFO”) in our analysis of our results of operations, which are not required by, or presented in accordance with, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ~~("GAAP"~~(“GAAP”). While we believe that net income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure, we also believe that EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT.

We define ~~"EBITDA"~~“EBITDA” as net income, as defined by GAAP, before interest expense, provision for income taxes and depreciation and amortization. We define ~~"Adjusted EBITDA"~~“Adjusted EBITDA” as EBITDA before (i) stock-based compensation expense, ~~and~~(ii) the impact, which may be recurring in nature, of transaction and integration related costs, costs associated with Windstream’s bankruptcy, costs associated with litigation claims made against us, and costs associated with the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system (collectively, ~~"transaction related costs"~~“Transaction Related and Other Costs”), (iii) the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs, (iv) costs incurred as a result of the early repayment of debt, (v) gains or losses on dispositions, (vi) changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and financial instruments, and (vii) other similar or infrequent items (although we may not have had such charges in the periods presented). We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are important supplemental measures to net income because they provide additional information to evaluate our operating performance on an unleveraged basis. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is calculated similar to defined terms in our material debt agreements used to determine compliance with specific financial covenants. Since EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered as ~~an alternative~~alternatives to net income determined in accordance with GAAP.

Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires the recognition of depreciation expense except on land, such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market and other conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that uses historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. Thus, NAREIT created FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, among other items, from net income, as defined by GAAP. ~~“FFO”~~FFO is defined by NAREIT as net income ~~applicable~~attributable to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from real estate dispositions, plus real estate depreciation and amortization and impairment charges. We compute FFO in accordance with ~~NAREIT's~~ NAREIT’s definition.

~~We define “AFFO”~~The Company defines AFFO as FFO excluding (i) ~~transaction~~Transaction Related and Other Costs; (ii) Windstream bankruptcy and litigation related ~~costs; (ii)~~expenses; (iii) certain non-cash revenues and expenses such as stock-based compensation expense, amortization of debt and equity discounts, amortization of deferred financing costs, depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets, straight-line revenues, non-cash income taxes, and the amortization of other non-cash revenues to the extent that cash has not been received, such as revenue associated with the amortization of TCIs; ~~(iii)~~and (iv) the impact, which may be recurring in nature, of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees, additional costs incurred as a result of ~~the~~ early repayment of debt, taxes associated with tax basis cancellation of debt, gains or losses on dispositions, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and financial instruments and similar or infrequent items less maintenance capital expenditures. We believe that the use of FFO and AFFO, and their respective per share amounts, combined with the required GAAP presentations, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among investors and analysts, and makes comparisons of operating results among such companies more meaningful. We consider FFO and AFFO to be useful measures for reviewing comparative operating performance. In particular, we believe AFFO, by excluding certain revenue and expense items, can help investors compare our operating performance between periods and to other REITs on a consistent basis without having to account for differences caused by unanticipated items and events, such as transaction and integration related costs. The Company uses FFO and AFFO, and their respective per share amounts, only as performance measures, and FFO and AFFO do not purport to be indicative of cash available to fund our future cash requirements. While FFO and AFFO are relevant and widely used measures of operating performance of REITs, they do not represent cash flows from operations or net income as defined by GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to those measures in evaluating our liquidity or operating performance.

Further, our computations of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to that reported by other REITs or companies that do not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition or define EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and AFFO differently than we do.

The reconciliation of our net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and of our net income attributable to common shareholders to FFO and AFFO for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	16,545		$	(8,828	)	$	(212	)	$	10,908		$	16,545		$	(8,828	)
Depreciation and amortization		451,750			434,205			375,970			405,754			451,750			434,205
Interest expense, net		319,591			305,994			275,394			390,112			319,591			305,994
Income tax (benefit) expense		(5,421	)		(38,849	)		517
Income tax expense (benefit)											4,663			(5,421	)		(38,849	)
EBITDA	$	782,465		$	692,522		$	651,669		$	811,437		$	782,465		$	692,522
Stock based compensation		8,064			7,713			4,846			10,808			8,064			7,713
Transaction related and other costs											43,708			17,410			38,005
Gain on sale of real estate											(28,995	)		-			-
Other (income) expense		(5,056	)		11,284			-			(24,219	)		(5,056	)		11,284
Transaction related costs		17,410			38,005			33,669
Adjusted EBITDA	$	802,883		$	749,524		$	690,184		$	812,739		$	802,883		$	749,524


	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	7,989		$	(16,552	)	$	(5,497	)	$	8,384		$	7,989		$	(16,552	)
Real estate depreciation and amortization		374,388			373,449			351,548			323,527			374,388			373,449
Gain on sale of real estate											(24,420	)		-			-
Participating securities' share in earnings		2,594			1,509			1,557			549			2,594			1,509
Participating securities' share in FFO		(2,594	)		(1,509	)		(1,557	)		(1,246	)		(2,594	)		(1,509	)
Adjustments for noncontrolling interests		(8,636	)		(4,420	)		-			(5,857	)		(8,636	)		(4,420	)
FFO attributable to common shareholders	$	373,741		$	352,477		$	346,051		$	300,937		$	373,741		$	352,477
Transaction related costs		17,410			38,005			33,669
Transaction related and other costs											43,708			17,410			38,005
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(3,721	)		10,736			-			(28,463	)		(3,721	)		10,736
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		24,614			23,102			16,002			42,779			24,614			23,102
Stock-based compensation		8,064			7,713			4,846			10,808			8,064			7,713
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization		77,362			60,756			24,422			82,227			77,362			60,756
Straight-line revenue		(15,048	)		(15,136	)		(17,293	)		(208	)		(15,048	)		(15,136	)
Maintenance capital expenditures		(5,686	)		(4,434	)		(3,327	)		(7,992	)		(5,686	)		(4,434	)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		2,980			2,980			1,985			993			2,980			2,980
Cash taxes on tax basis cancellation of debt											4,590			-			-
Adjustment to deferred tax valuation allowance and tax rate change		-			(36,240	)		-			-			-			(36,240	)
Other non-cash (revenue) expense, net		(34,426	)		(14,871	)		(7,818	)
Other, net											(34,799	)		(34,426	)		(14,871	)
Adjustments for noncontrolling interests		(1,535	)		(264	)		-			(2,122	)		(1,535	)		(264	)
AFFO attributable to common shareholders	$	443,755		$	424,824		$	398,537		$	412,458		$	443,755		$	424,824

We make certain judgments and use certain estimates and assumptions when applying accounting principles in the preparation of our financial statements. The nature of the estimates and assumptions are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain factors or the susceptibility of such factors to change. We have identified the accounting for income taxes, revenue recognition, useful lives of assets, the impairment of property, plant and equipment, goodwill impairment and business combinations as critical accounting estimates, as they are the most important to our financial statement presentation and require difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and, in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

We elected on our initial U.S. federal income tax return to be treated as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders, and meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including asset holding requirements. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax for open taxable years through ~~2018,~~2017, on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and we could not deduct dividends paid to our shareholders in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from reelecting to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

Subject to the restrictions imposed by the waiver and amendment to our Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our 7.875% senior secured notes due 2025 (as discussed below under “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Agreement”), our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts exceeding 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any capital gains, generally will be restricted. As a result, we may be required to record a provision in our Consolidated Financial Statements for U.S. federal income taxes related to the activities of the REIT and its passthrough subsidiaries for any undistributed income. We are subject to the statutory requirements of the locations in which we conduct business, and state and local income taxes are accrued as deemed required in the best judgment of management based on analysis and interpretation of respective tax laws.

We have elected to treat the subsidiaries through which we operate Uniti Fiber and Talk America, as well as certain portions of Uniti Towers, as TRSs. TRSs enable us to engage in activities that result in income that does not constitute qualifying income for a REIT. Our TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized under the asset and liability method for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax balances are adjusted to reflect tax rates based on currently enacted tax laws, which will be in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period of the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized.

The Company is subject to restrictions on distributions to its shareholders based on our credit agreement as amended. The restrictions permit the Company to make the minimum required distribution to maintain its status as a REIT, which is limited to 90% of our REIT taxable income. The restrictions will remain in place until a plan of reorganization for Windstream has become effective and other conditions related to the Company’s net leverage ratio are satisfied. Management believes that the requirements for a reversion will occur before the end of calendar year 2020. Further, upon reversion, the Company expects to make one or more distributions to its shareholders to ensure that it has distributed at least 100% of its 2020 REIT taxable income. Therefore, the Company believes that the REIT will not incur federal or state income tax related to its 2020 tax year (other than certain local income taxes) and thus no deferred income taxes related to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases at the REIT should be recorded as of December 31, 2019.

percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If applicable, we will report tax-related penalties and interest expense as a component of income tax expense.

The Company will be subject to a federal corporate level tax on any gain recognized from the sale of assets occurring within a five year recognition period after the Spin-Off up to the amount of the built in gain that existed on April 24, 2015, which is based on the fair market value of the assets in excess of the Company’s tax basis as of such date.

Leasing revenues are primarily derived from providing access to or usage of leased networks and facilities. Leasing revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease term. Revenues derived from other telecommunications services, including broadband, long distance and enhanced service revenues are recognized monthly as services are provided. Sales of customer premise equipment are recognized when products are delivered to and accepted by customers.

Service revenues are primarily derived from providing broadband transport and backhaul communications services and are recognized when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) the services have been provided to the

customer, (iii) the sales price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) the collection of the sales price is reasonably assured. Services provided to the Company’s customers are pursuant to contractual fee‑based arrangements, which generally provide for recurring fees charged for the use of designated portions of the Company’s network and typically range for a period of three to ten years. The Company’s revenue arrangements often include upfront fees charged to the customer for the cost of establishing the necessary components of the Company’s network prior to the commencement of use by the customer. Fees charged to customers for the recurring use of the Company’s network are recognized during the related periods of service. Upfront fees that are billed in advance of providing services are deferred until such time the customer accepts the Company’s network and then are recognized as service revenues ratably over a period in which substantive services required under the revenue arrangement are expected to be performed, which is the initial term of the arrangement.

The calculation of depreciation and amortization expense is based on the estimated economic useful lives of the underlying property, plant and equipment and customer lists, tenant contracts and network intangible assets. Some of our Distribution Systems assets use a group composite depreciation method. Under this method, when a plant is retired, the original cost, net of salvage value, is charged against accumulated depreciation and no immediate gain or loss is recognized on the disposition of the plant.

Rapid changes in technology or changes in market conditions could result in significant changes to the estimated useful lives of our property, plant and equipment that could materially affect the carrying value of these assets and our future operating results. An extension of the average useful life of our property, plant and equipment of one year would decrease depreciation expense by approximately ~~$27.2~~$27.6 million per year, while a reduction in the average useful life of one year would increase depreciation expense by approximately ~~$36.6~~$22.9 million per year.

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our unamortized finite lived intangible assets totaled ~~$432.8~~$531.9 million, and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives with the exception of the customer list intangible assets related to our Consumer CLEC Business, which were brought over at carry-over basis at the time of the Spin-Off, and are amortized using the sum-of-the-years’-digits method over their estimated useful lives. A reduction in the average useful lives of our finite lived intangible asset of one year would have increased the amount of amortization expense recorded in ~~2018~~2019 by approximately ~~$1.2~~$2.4 million.

We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of our property, plant and equipment may not be recoverable or realized. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability by estimating whether we will recover

the carrying value of those assets through its undiscounted future cash flows and the eventual disposition of the asset. If, based on this analysis, we do not believe that we will be able to recover the carrying value of our property, plant and equipment, we would record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the related assets. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, no impairment losses were recognized.

We apply the acquisition method of accounting for acquisitions meeting the definition of a business combination or asset acquisition, where assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value at the date of each acquisition, and the results of operations are included with those of the Company from the dates of the respective acquisitions. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities are estimated using the income, market and/or cost approach. The income approach utilizes the present value of estimated future cash flows that a business or asset can be expected to generate, while under the market approach, the fair value of an asset or business reflects the price at which comparable assets are purchased under similar circumstances. Inherent in our preparation of cash flow projections are significant assumptions and estimates derived from a review of operating results, business plans, expected growth rates, capital expenditure plans, cost of capital and tax rates. We also make certain forecasts about future economic conditions, interest rates and other market data. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management. Small changes in these assumptions or estimates could materially affect the cash

flow projections, and therefore could affect the estimated fair value. Impact these assumptions or estimates include customer retention, execution of our business plans, which impact growth, cost escalation impacting margin, the level of capital expenditures required to sustain our growth and market factors, including stock price fluctuations and increased rates, impacting our cost of capital.

For acquisitions meeting the definition of a business combination, any excess of the purchase price paid by the Company over the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. ASC 805, Business Combinations, also requires acquirers to, among other things, estimate the acquisition date fair value of any contingent consideration and recognize any subsequent changes in the fair value of contingent consideration in earnings. When provisional amounts are initially recorded, the Company continues to evaluate acquisitions for a period not to exceed one year after the applicable acquisition date of each transaction to determine whether any additional adjustments are needed to the allocation of the purchase price paid for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

For acquisitions meeting the definition of an asset acquisition, the fair value of the consideration transferred, including transaction costs, is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values. There are significant judgments and estimates used in determining the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which include assumptions with respect to items such as replacement cost, land value, assemblage factor, discount rate, lease-up period, implied rents per strand mile, and useful life. No goodwill is recognized in an asset acquisition.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, all of our goodwill is included in our Fiber Infrastructure segment. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually. In accordance with ASC 350-20, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we evaluate goodwill for impairment between annual impairment tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Unless circumstances otherwise dictate, the annual impairment test is performed in the fourth quarter. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires significant judgment, including: the identification of reporting units; assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units; assignment of goodwill to reporting ~~units; determination of~~units. We performed our goodwill impairment analysis during the fourth quarter, and we concluded the implied fair value of ~~each reporting unit; and an assumption as to the form of the transaction in which the~~our Fiber Infrastructure reporting unit ~~would be acquired~~was in excess of its carrying value by ~~a market participant (either a taxable or nontaxable transaction)~~less than 2%. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, no impairment losses were recognized.

comparable businesses and acquisition multiples paid in recent transactions. We evaluate the appropriateness of each valuation methodology in determining the weighting applied to each methodology in the determination of the concluded fair value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit's net assets is less than its fair value, no indication of impairment exists. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is greater than the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess and ~~charged~~recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income not to ~~operations not~~ exceed the carrying value of goodwill.

Inherent in our preparation of cash flow projections are significant assumptions and estimates derived from a review of our operating results and business plans, which includes expected revenue and expense growth rates, capital expenditure plans and cost of ~~capital and tax rates. We also make certain forecasts about~~capital. In determining these assumptions, we consider our ability to execute on our plans, future economic conditions, interest rates and other market data. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, and these assumptions and estimates may change in future periods. ~~Small~~As our concluded fair value of our Fiber Infrastructure reporting unit slightly exceeds carrying value, small changes in these assumptions or estimates could materially affect our cash flow projections, and therefore could affect the likelihood and amount of potential ~~impairment.~~impairment in future periods. Potential events that could negatively impact these assumptions or estimates may include customer losses or poor execution of our business plans, which impact revenue growth, cost escalation impacting margin, the level of capital expenditures required to sustain our growth and market factors, including stock price fluctuations and increased rates, impacting our cost of capital. For example, if we were to experience a significant delay in our permitting process in the construction of our fiber networks, the timing of effected cash flows could impact long term growth rates and negatively impact the income approach, leading to potential impairment. As a result, should our expectations of average projected revenue growth percentage decrease by 4.0%, average projected EBITDA margin percentage decrease by 1.2% and/or average projected capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue increase by 3.9%, we may experience future impairment to goodwill (while other assumptions remain constant). Should we experience a deterioration in market factors such as stock prices or increased interest rates, a cost of capital increase in excess of 1.3% may result in future impairment. The market approach uses market data of comparable business and acquisition multiples paid in recent transactions to estimate fair ~~value, and a declines~~value. Declines in ~~these~~acquisitions multiples of approximately 1.8% could affect the likelihood and amount of potential ~~impairment.~~impairment.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, all of our Goodwill is included in our Fiber Infrastructure segment. We performed our goodwill impairment analysis during the fourth quarter and we concluded the implied fair value of our Fiber Infrastructure reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value by less than 5%. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, no impairment losses were recognized.

In light of the recent developments surrounding Windstream, as noted in Item 1A Risk factors, if there were to be a material change in the forecasted cash flows at Uniti Fiber, including the level of capital expenditures, our conclusions regarding the likelihood and amount of any potential impairment could change.

Our principal liquidity needs are to fund operating expenses, meet debt service requirements, fund investment activities (including capital expenditures), and make dividend distributions. Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities (primarily arising under the Master Lease with Windstream), borrowings under our credit agreement by and among the Operating Partnership, CSL Capital, LLC and Uniti Group Finance Inc., the guarantors and lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Credit Agreement”), and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~$38.0 million of unrestricted~~ cash and cash equivalents ~~and $110.0~~ ~~million~~ of ~~undrawn borrowing capacity~~$142.8 million. Availability under our Revolving Credit Facility is subject to various conditions, including a maximum secured leverage ratio of 5.0:1. Following the ~~senior secured revolving credit facility~~ ~~pursuant~~effectiveness of the Sixth Amendment to ~~the~~our Credit Agreement, ~~variable rate, that matures April 24, 2020 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Subsequent to December 31, 2018, we have borrowed substantially all remaining capacity under~~ the Revolving Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility is now fully drawn. However, we have subsequently repaid a portion of the amount outstanding and as of the date of this Annual Report we have approximately $40 million of available capacity. In addition, if we incur debt under our Revolving Credit Facility or otherwise such that our total leverage ratio exceeds 6.5:1, our debt instruments would impose significant restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

Cash provided by operating activities totaled $617.0 million, $472.8 million and $405.3 million ~~and~~ ~~$376.0 million~~ for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities is primarily attributable to our leasing activities.

Cash used in investing activities was $544.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was driven by capital expenditures ($350.5 million) and the acquisition of Bluebird fiber network assets ($320.8 million), partially offset by proceeds related to the sale of Uniti Towers’ Latin American and ground lease businesses and sale of Uniti Fiber’s Midwest operations ($136.8 million). Cash used in investing activities was $480.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, which was driven by capital expenditures ($423.6 million), primarily related to our Uniti

Fiber and Uniti Leasing businesses, and the acquisition of ITS ($53.7 million). Cash used in investing activities was $1.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017, which was driven by the acquisitions of Southern Light ($636.1 million), Hunt ($126.0 million), NMS assets ($69.7 million), ground lease investments ($21.8 million), partially offset by a Tower Cloud working capital adjustment ($0.2 million) and capital expenditures ($166.0 million), primarily related to our Uniti Fiber and Uniti Towers businesses.

Cash ~~used in investing~~provided by financing activities was ~~$535.2~~$32.6 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2019, which ~~was driven by~~primarily represents the ~~acquisitions~~proceeds from issuance of ~~PEG Bandwidth~~notes ($~~315.4~~345.0 million), proceeds from sale of the Warrants ($50.8 million) and ~~Tower Cloud~~net proceeds under our ATM Program ($~~173.4~~21.6 million). This was mostly offset by dividend payments ($138.7 million), payment for bond hedge option ($70.0 million), net repayments under the Revolving Credit Facility ($65.0 million), payments for financing costs ($49.5 million), contingent consideration payments ($32.3 million), principal payments related to the senior secured term loan ($21.1 million) and ~~capital expenditures~~distributions paid to noncontrolling interests ($~~46.4~~3.0 million).

Cash used in financing activities was $13.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, which was driven by dividend payments ($426.1 million), principal payments on our senior secured term loan ($21.1 million), contingent consideration payments ($18.6 million), distributions to noncontrolling interest ($9.9 million), partially offset by net borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility ($360.0 million) and net proceeds under our ATM Program ($109.4 million). Cash provided by financing activities was $502.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, which primarily represents the net proceeds from the sale of common stock through a public offering ($498.9 million) and proceeds from the 2024 Notes issued in May 2017 ($201.0 million), which were used to fund the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt, and net borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility ($280.0 million), partially offset by dividend payments ($400.2 million), deferred financing costs related to the term loan repricing and 2024 Notes issued in May 2017 ($28.5 million), contingent consideration payments ($~~19.9~~20.0 million), and principal payments related to the senior secured term loan ($21.1 million). Cash provided by financing activities was $188.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, which primarily represents the proceeds from the 2024 Notes ($400 million), add-on Notes issued in June 2016 ($148.9 million), proceeds from the sale of common stock ($54.2 million), partially offset by dividend payments ($367.8 million) and principal payments related to the Term Loan Facility ($22.0 million).

A substantial portion of our leasing revenue and cash flow from operations is derived from the Master Lease with Windstream. The Master Lease has an initial term of 15 years which, at the option of Windstream, may be extended for up to four renewal terms of five years each beyond the initial term. In addition, Windstream has the right to extend the initial term from 15 years to 20 years and, if exercised, the number of renewal terms will be reduced to three so that the maximum term (taking into account all renewals) is 35 years. Commencing with the fourth year, the rent is subject to annual escalation of 0.5%, and cash rents recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $655.7 million. The rent for the first year of each renewal term will be an amount agreed to by us and Windstream, or if we are unable to agree, the renewal rent will be determined by an independent appraisal process. Commencing with the second year of each renewal term, the renewal rent will increase at an escalation rate of 0.5%. In addition, if we fund any capital improvements requested by Windstream, the rent will be increased to account for such funding.

On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that ~~Windstream’s~~its attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective. In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New ~~York.~~ York and is currently operating as a “debtor in possession” under supervision of the Bankruptcy Court. See Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on our operations and financial conditions. See Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on our operations and financial conditions.

On July 25, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s bankruptcy, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in an adversary proceeding against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging, among other things, that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, that certain rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property and that Uniti breached certain of its obligations under the Master Lease. As further described below, an adverse determination in the adversary proceeding with Windstream could materially adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition and our status as a REIT.

Rejection. In bankruptcy, Windstream has the option to assume or reject the Master Lease. ~~While~~Because the Master Lease is a single indivisible Master Lease with a single rent payment, it must be assumed or rejected in whole and cannot be sub-divided by facility or market. A significant amount of Windstream’s revenue is generated from the use of our network included in the Master Lease, and we believe that the Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s ~~operations,~~operations. Furthermore, Windstream is designated as a “carrier of last resort” in certain markets where it ~~is difficult~~utilizes the Master Lease to ~~predict what could occur~~provide service to its customers, and we believe Windstream would require approval from the applicable PUC and the FCC to cease providing service in those markets. As a ~~restructuring, and~~result, although we can provide no assurances, we believe the probability of Windstream rejecting the Master Lease in bankruptcy to be remote. A rejection of the Master Lease, or even a temporary disruption in payments to us, ~~may~~would require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties and avoid the imposition of liens on our properties and could impact our ability to fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures ~~compliance with debt covenants~~ and ~~in an extreme case,~~ our debt service ~~obligations. See Item 1A Risk Factors for additional information concerning the impact Windstream’s bankruptcy may have on our operations~~obligations and ~~financial condition. A rejection by Windstream of the Master Lease or its inability or unwillingness to meet its rent and other obligations under the Master Lease~~ could ~~materially adversely~~otherwise affect ~~our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition, including~~ our ability to ~~service debt and pay dividends to our stockholders as required to~~ maintain ~~our status as a REIT.~~REIT status.

In the event of a rejection of the Master Lease, we cannot assure you that we will be able to locate a suitable replacement tenant or if we are successful in locating a replacement tenant, that the rental payments from the new tenant would not be significantly less than the existing rental payments. In addition, aA rejection of the Master Lease by Windstream ~~would~~could result in an “event of default” under our Credit Agreement if we are unable to enter into a replacement lease that satisfies certain criteria set forth in the Credit Agreement within ninety (90) calendar days and we do not maintain pro forma compliance with a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of 5.00 to 1.00. An acceleration of debt under our senior secured credit facilities due to an uncured “event of default” under our Credit Agreement would also result in an “event of default” under the terms of our outstanding notes. Such an “event of default” would give the holders of the applicable debt obligation the right to accelerate our repayment obligations relating to such debt.

Our Credit Agreement prohibits us from amending the Master Lease in a manner that, among other provisions, pro forma for any such amendment, would result in our consolidated secured leverage ratio exceeding 5.00 to 1.00, and management has no intention to enter into a lease amendment that would violate our debt covenants. However, it is difficult to predict what could occur in Windstream’s bankruptcy restructuring, including as a result of the adversary proceeding brought by Windstream related to the Master Lease if the Settlement is not implemented.

Mediation. Uniti, Windstream and Windstream’s creditors have been engaged in mediation in the Windstream bankruptcy to resolve claims brought by Windstream against Uniti. We have recently announced an agreement in principle to resolve any and all claims and causes of action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the context of Windstream’s bankruptcy. All litigation between Windstream and Uniti will be stayed while the parties negotiate and prepare the definitive documentation to implement the Settlement. See “Item 1. Business.—Recent Developments.” If the settlement is effectuated, we will need to raise significant additional capital to fund our obligations under such settlement.

We ~~have an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC (the “Registration Statement”) to offer and sell various securities from time to time. Under the Registration Statement, we~~ have established an ~~at-the-market~~at the market common stock offering program (the “ATM Program”) to sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to ~~$250.0~~$250 million. ~~During~~The ATM Program is currently suspended following the ~~year ended~~June 15, 2019 expiration of our shelf registration statement. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~ we2019, the Company has issued and sold ~~5.5~~an aggregate of 6.7 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of ~~$20.19~~$19.92 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds of ~~$109.4~~$131.2 million, after commissions of ~~$1.4~~$1.7 million and

other offering costs. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we have approximately ~~$139.0~~$117.1 million available for issuance under the ATM Program. ~~This~~ When in operation, this program ~~provides~~was intended to provide additional financial flexibility and an alternative mechanism to access the capital markets at an efficient cost as and when we need ~~financing.~~financing, including for acquisitions.

During 2017, the Company completed its reorganization (the “up-REIT Reorganization”) to operate through a customary “up-REIT” structure. Under this structure, the Operating Partnership now holds substantially all of the Company’s assets and is the direct or indirect parent company of, among others, CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Finance Inc. and Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc.

Our UPREIT structure, enables us to acquire properties by issuing to sellers, as a form of consideration, limited partnership interests in our operating partnership, (commonly called “OP Units”). The limited partner equity interests in the Operating Partnership are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock or, at our election, cash of equivalent value. We believe that this structure will facilitate our ability to acquire individual properties and portfolios of properties by enabling us to structure transactions which will defer taxes payable by a seller while preserving our available cash for other purposes, including the possible payment of dividends. We issued limited partnership interests as part of the acquisition consideration for the acquisitions of Hunt and Southern Light in 2017.

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Operating Partnership and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries ~~CSL Capital, LLC, and Uniti Group Finance Inc. (collectively, the “Borrowers”)~~ had outstanding $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.00% Senior Secured Notes due April 15, 2023 (the ~~“Secured~~“2023 Secured Notes”), $1.11 billion aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Notes due October 15, 2023 (the “2023 Notes”) and $600 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due December 15, 2024 (the “2024 Notes,” and together with the 2023 Notes, the “Unsecured Notes”).

On February 10, 2020, the Operating Partnership and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Secured Notes due February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Secured Notes” and, together with and the 2023 Secured Notes, the “Secured Notes;” the Secured Notes and ~~2023~~the Unsecured Notes are collectively referred to as the “Notes”). The proceeds were used to repay outstanding term loans under our senior secured credit facilities as discussed in “Credit Agreement” below.

In connection with the up-REIT Reorganization, the Operating Partnership replaced the Company and assumed its obligations as an obligor under the 2023 Secured Notes, 2023 Notes and the 2024 Notes and Facilities. The Company subsequently became a guarantor of ~~the Notes~~these series of notes and Facilities. Because the Operating Partnership is not a corporation, a corporate co-obligor that is a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership was also added to the Notes and Credit Agreement as part of the up-REIT Reorganization. Uniti Group Finance Inc. is the corporate co-obligor under the Credit ~~Agreement and co-issuer of~~Agreement. The Company also guarantees the ~~Secured~~Exchangeable Notes and the ~~2023 Notes, and Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. is the co-issuer of the 2024~~2025 Secured Notes. Separate financial statements of the Operating Partnership have not been included since the Operating Partnership is not a registrant.

On June 28, 2019, Uniti Fiber issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due June 15, 2024. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019. The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at Uniti Fiber’s election.

~~The Borrowers~~Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance 2019 Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC (the “Borrowers”) are party to the Credit Agreement, which ~~provides~~as of December 31, 2019, provided for the Term Loan Facility (in an initial principal amount of $2.14 billion) and the Revolving Credit Facility (in an aggregate principal amount of up to $750 million). ~~The~~On February 10, 2020, in connection with the issuance of the 2025 Secured Notes and the effectiveness of the Sixth Amendment, the Borrowers repaid all $2.05 billion of outstanding term loans ~~bear interest at a rate~~and repaid approximately $156.7 million of revolving

loans (and terminated related commitments in an amount equal to ~~LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor, plus an applicable margin equal to 3.00%, and are subject to amortization of 1.0% per annum.~~$157.6 million). All obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by (i) the Company and (ii) certain of the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers and the Subsidiary Guarantors, which assets also secure the Secured Notes.

The Borrowers are subject to customary covenants under the Credit Agreement, including an obligation to maintain a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, not to exceed 5.00 to 1.00. We are permitted, subject to customary conditions, to incur (i) incremental term loan borrowings and/or increased commitments under the Credit Agreement in an unlimited amount, so long as, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to any such borrowings or increases, our consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, does not exceed 4.00 to 1.00 and (ii) other indebtedness, so long as, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to any such indebtedness, our consolidated total leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, does not exceed 6.50 to 1.00 and, if such debt is secured, our consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, does not exceed 4.00 to 1.00. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including a cross default provision whereby the failure of the Borrowers or certain of their subsidiaries to make payments under other debt obligations, or the occurrence of certain events affecting those other borrowing arrangements, could trigger an obligation to repay any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement. In particular, a repayment obligation could be triggered if (i) the Borrowers or certain of their subsidiaries fail to make a payment when due of any principal or interest on any other indebtedness aggregating $75.0 million or more, or (ii) an event occurs that causes, or would permit the holders of any other indebtedness aggregating $75.0 million or more to cause, such indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Borrowers were in compliance with all of the covenants under the Credit Agreement. However, we would be in breach of the requirement to deliver audited financial statements without a going concern opinion if we are unable to provide ~~2018~~2019 audited financial statements without a going concern opinion to lenders under our Credit Agreement by March ~~31, 2019.~~30, 2020.

On March 18, 2019, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our 2018 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with the ~~Amendment~~fourth amendment (the “Fourth Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement. During the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy, ~~or at such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified,~~ the Fourth Amendment generally limits our ability under the Credit Agreement to (i) prepay unsecured indebtedness and (ii) pay cash dividends in excess of 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid

On February 10, 2020, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our 2019 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with the Sixth Amendment to our Credit Agreement. In addition to the restrictions imposed by the Fourth Amendment discussed above, which remain effective, the Sixth Amendment also ~~increases~~limits the ability of our non-guarantor subsidiaries to incur indebtedness. The Sixth Amendment increased the interest rate on our ~~Term Loan~~revolving facility by 100 bps for each applicable rate. As amended, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility ~~which will now~~ bear interest at a rate ~~of LIBOR, subject~~equal to either a ~~1.0% floor,~~base rate plus an applicable margin ~~equal~~ranging from 3.75% to ~~5.0%~~4.25% or a eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 4.75% to 5.25%, in each case, calculated in a ~~200 basis point increase over~~customary manner and determined based on our ~~previous rate. This increase will be in effect though the remaining term of the facility, which matures on October 24, 2022~~.consolidated secured leverage ratio.

We are party to interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in our variable rate Term Loan Facility. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and have a notional value of ~~$2.07~~$2.04 billion and mature on October 24, 2022. The weighted average fixed rate paid is 2.105%, and the variable rate received resets monthly to the one-month LIBOR subject to a minimum rate of 1.0%.

As result of the repayment of the Company’s term loan facility in February of 2020 (discussed above), the Company entered into receive-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Replacement Swaps”) to offset its existing pay-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Existing Swaps”) that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest payments initially associated with the term loan facility. On February 10, 2020, the Company discontinued hedge accounting on its Existing Swaps as

the hedge accounting requirements were no longer met. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income associated with the Existing Swaps as of the date of dedesignation, will be reclassified to interest expense as the hedged interest payments impact earnings. The net effect of these offsetting interest rate swaps will result in a monthly cash outflow of approximately $1.1 million through October 2022.

We anticipate continuing to invest in our network infrastructure across our Uniti Leasing, Uniti Fiber and Uniti Towers portfolios. We ~~have also committed to spend $175 million on our proposed acquisition of Bluebird (for which we have obtained committed financing), net of the collection of prepaid rent. We~~ anticipate declaring dividends for the ~~2019~~2020 tax year to comply with our REIT distribution requirements. We anticipate that we will partially finance these needs, ~~together with~~as well as operating expenses (including our debt ~~service)~~service obligations), from our ~~$38 million of~~ cash on hand and ~~$110 million of borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility (although we have since drawn substantially all of our revolver capacity),~~ cash flows provided by operating ~~activities, together with funds anticipated from announced divestures. However,~~activities. We have no material remaining revolving credit facility capacity and therefore we may need to access the capital markets to generate additional funds ~~that will be~~in an amount sufficient to fund our business operations, announced investment activities, capital expenditures, debt service and distributions to our shareholders. We are closely monitoring the equity and debt markets and will seek to access them again promptly when we determine market conditions are appropriate. Our debt covenants currently do not permit us to incur material additional debt. We will need to raise additional capital if our settlement, which includes growth capital investments, with Windstream is effectuated.

The amount, nature and timing of any capital markets transactions will depend on: our operating performance and other ~~circumstances;~~circumstances, including uncertainty surrounding Windstream; our then-current commitments and obligations; the amount, nature and timing of our capital requirements; any limitations imposed by our current credit arrangements; and overall market conditions. These expectations are forward-looking and subject to a number of uncertainties and assumptions. If our expectations about our liquidity prove to be incorrect or we are unable to access the capital markets as we anticipate, we would be subject to a shortfall in liquidity in the future which could lead to a reduction in our capital expenditures and/or ~~dividends.~~dividends and, in an extreme case, our ability to pay our debt service obligations. If this shortfall occurs rapidly and with little or no notice, it could limit our ability to address the shortfall on a timely basis.

In addition to exploring potential capital markets transactions, the Company regularly evaluates market conditions, its liquidity profile, and various financing alternatives for opportunities to enhance its capital structure. If opportunities are favorable, the Company may refinance or repurchase existing debt. However, there can be no assurances that any debt refinancing would be on similar or more favorable terms than our existing arrangements. This would include the risk that interest rates could increase and/or there may be changes to our existing covenants.

In light of recent developments and uncertainty surrounding Windstream and the effect of substantial doubt about our ability to continue a going concern, each as set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk ~~Factors”,~~Factors,” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, until such time as our settlement is approved and Windstream emerges from bankruptcy, we may take additional measures to conserve cash asif we anticipate that it may be difficult for us to access the capital markets at attractive rates until such uncertainty is clarified. Accordingly, we may elect to suspend, delay or reduce success-based capital expenditures and dividend payments to conserve cash. If our assumptions are incorrect, we could need additional sources of liquidity to fund our cash needs and cannot assure that we will obtain them. Because our Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s operations, we expect that any disruption in payments by Windstream would be limited, and we believe that if we take such actions and such disruption is only limited, we would have enough liquidity to fund our cash needs within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. If our assumptions are incorrect or any disruption is longer, we could need additional sources of liquidity to fund our cash needs and cannot assure that we will obtain them.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had contractual obligations and commitments as follows:

	Payments Due by Period										Payments Due by Period
(millions)	Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years		Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years		Total
Long-term debt^(a)	$	21	$	682	$	3,663	$	600	$	4,966	$	21	$	2,599	$	2,605	$	-	$	5,225
Interest payments on long-term debt obligations^(b)		250		497		384		42		1,173		303		581		215		-		1,099
Operating leases		11		12		6		15		44		27		47		36		121		231
Capital leases		9		14		13		52		88
Finance leases												8		14		13		50		85
Network deployment^(c)		38		-		-		-		38		44		-		-		-		44
Committed landlord growth funding												11								11
Other Long-Term Liabilities
Contingent consideration^(d)		56		17		-		-		73		10		2		-		-		12
Total projected obligations and commitments^(e)	$	385	$	1,222	$	4,066	$	709	$	6,382	$	424	$	3,243	$	2,869	$	171	$	6,707

If the Settlement is approved, we could incur significant additional contractual obligations. See “Item 1. Business.—Recent Developments.”

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. In order to maintain our REIT status, we intend to make dividend payments of all or substantially all of our taxable income to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Before we make any dividend payments, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service obligations. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash dividends or we may make a portion of the required dividend in the form of a taxable distribution of stock or debt securities.

The following table below sets out details regarding our cash dividends on our common stock:

Any dividends must be declared by our Board of Directors, which will take into account various factors including our current and anticipated operating results, our financial position, REIT requirements, conditions prevailing in the market, restrictions in our debt documents and additional factors they deem appropriate. Dividend payments are not guaranteed and our Board of Directors may decide, in its absolute discretion, at any time and for any reason, not to pay dividends or to change the amount paid as dividends. In light of recent developments with Windstream, we may take further measures to conserve cash, which may include a suspension, delay or reduction in our dividend. ~~Moreover,~~In addition, during the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy, ~~or at such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified,~~ ~~(discussed~~the Fourth Amendment to our Credit Agreement (as set forth in ~~the second risk factor~~ Item 1A Risk Factors) and ~~“Risk Related to the Status of Uniti as a REIT – REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect~~our 7.875% senior secured notes due 2025 generally limit our ability to ~~execute our business plan”) our ability to make~~pay cash ~~distributions to our shareholders~~dividends in ~~amounts exceeding~~excess of 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital ~~gains, generally will be restricted.~~gains.

Capital expenditures for the Distribution Systems leased under the Master Lease are generally the responsibility of Windstream. The Master Lease stipulates that Windstream can request that we fund $50 million of capital expenditures per year for five years (but in no event to extend beyond the end of the sixth year of the Master ~~Lease)~~Lease, which ends May 2021); however, Windstream cannot require Uniti to make such capital expenditures. If we elect to fund requested capital expenditures, the annual lease payments will be increased at a floating rate based on our cost of capital. No capital expenditure funding requests were made by Windstream for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

If the settlement with Windstream is approved and implemented, we will fund an aggregate of $1.75 billion of Growth Capital Investment in property subject to the Master Lease over the next 10 years. Pursuant to the Settlement, if Windstream is not in compliance with the terms and conditions of the New Leases, Uniti will not be required to fund Growth Capital Improvements. In the event Uniti defaults or otherwise fails to timely satisfy its obligations under the New Leases and Windstream is in compliance with the terms of the New Leases, then Windstream has the right to deduct from the subsequent rent payment or payments, amounts otherwise owed to Windstream.

We categorize our capital expenditures as either (i) success-based, (ii) maintenance, (iii) integration or (iv) corporate and non-network. We define success-based capital expenditures as those related to installing existing or anticipated contractual customer service orders. Maintenance capital expenditures are those necessary to keep existing network elements fully operational. Integration capital expenditures are those made specifically with respect to recent acquisitions that are essential to integrating acquired companies in our business. We anticipate continuing to invest in our network infrastructure across our Uniti Leasing, Uniti Fiber and Uniti Towers portfolios, and expect that cash on hand, borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, and cash flows provided by operating activities will be sufficient to support these investments. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has committed to fund approximately $11.2 million of growth capital expenditures related to the Bluebird Lease over the next twelve months.

In light of recent developments with Windstream, we may to take further measures to conserve cash, which may include a suspension, delay or reduction in success-based capital expenditures. We are closely monitoring developments of the Windstream bankruptcy and continually assess our capital expenditure plans in light of such developments.

As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

~~Our~~In fiscal 2019, our primary market risk exposure iswas interest rate risk with respect to our variable rate indebtedness under our Term Loan Facility. In addition, we have a variable rate Revolving Credit Facility, inwhich had an aggregate principal amount of ~~$750~~$575 million ~~which has~~ ~~$110 million of undrawn borrowing capacity~~ as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. To manage this exposure under our Term Loan Facility, we

have entered into interest rate swap agreements in order to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in our variable rate Term Loan Facility. As result of the repayment of the Company’s term loan facility in February of 2020 (discussed above), the Company entered into receive-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Replacement Swaps”) to offset its existing pay-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Existing Swaps”) that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest payments initially associated with the term loan facility. On February 10, 2020, the Company discontinued hedge accounting on its Existing Swaps as the hedge accounting requirements were no longer met. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income associated with the Existing Swaps as of the date of dedesignation, will be reclassified to interest expense as the hedged interest payments impact earnings. The net effect of these offsetting interest rate swaps will result in a monthly cash outflow of approximately $1.1 million through October 2022. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the interest rate risk for our Term Loan Facility has been mitigated through this interest rate swap agreement, and, with the exception of our Revolving Credit Facility, the interest rate for our remaining debt has a fixed rate. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates effective at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, would have had a ~~$2.0~~$3.4 million impact on ~~Uniti’s~~Uniti’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by us more costly. Rising interest rates could also limit our ability to refinance our debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness.

In connection with the ~~fourth amendment~~Sixth Amendment to our Credit Agreement obtained on ~~March 18, 2019,~~February 10, 2020, the ~~interest~~applicable margins for (i) base rate loans under the Revolving Credit Facility increased to a range of 3.75% to 4.25% and (ii) eurodollar rate loans under the Revolving Credit Facility to a range of 4.75% to 5.25%, calculated in a customary manner and determined based on our ~~Term Loan Facility increased 200 basis points to LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor, plus an applicable margin equal to 5.0%.~~consolidated secured leverage ratio.

~~Approximately~~Subsequent to the sale of our Latin American tower portfolio on April 2, 2019, we no longer have operations denominated in foreign currencies. Less than 1% of our revenues were denominated in foreign currencies for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Cost of sales and operating costs related to these sales are largely denominated in the same respective currencies, thereby partially limiting our transaction risk exposure. A hypothetical uniform 10% strengthening in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies in which our transactions ~~are~~were denominated would have resulted in an ~~increase~~immaterial change in net income ~~of less than $0.1 million~~ for the year ended December 31, ~~2018. This hypothetical calculation assumes that each exchange rate would change in the same direction relative to the U.S. dollar.~~2019.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Uniti Group Inc. and its subsidiaries ~~(the~~(the “Company”) as of December 31, ~~2018~~ 2019 and ~~2017~~,2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income (loss), of shareholders’ deficit and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, including the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the index appearing under Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, ~~2018~~ 2019 and ~~2017~~,2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2018~~ 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company ~~maintained,~~did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the ~~COSO.~~COSO because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to ineffective controls over the identification and valuation of certain assets in the application of the acquisition method of accounting for asset acquisitions.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2019consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s most significant customer, Windstream Holdings, Inc., which accounts for approximately ~~68.2%~~65.0% of consolidated total revenues for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, and uncertainties surrounding potential impacts to the Company resulting from Windstream Holdings, Inc.’s bankruptcy filing raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in ~~Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A~~.management’s report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the

Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits inin accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the

consolidatedfinancial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Information Transport Solutions, Inc. from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2018. We have also excluded Information Transport Solutions, Inc. from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Information Transport Solutions, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting represent 0.4% and 0.9%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Goodwill Impairment Assessment – Fiber Infrastructure Segment (the “Segment”)

As described in Notes 3 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $691 million as of December 31, 2019, all of which is associated with the Fiber Infrastructure segment. Management reviews goodwill for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, and evaluates goodwill for impairment between annual impairment tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting units (which are management’s segments) below its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the Segment is greater than the Segment’s fair value, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess and recorded on the consolidated statements of income. Management estimates fair value using a combination of an income approach based on the present value of estimated future cash flows of the Segment and a market approach based on market data of comparable businesses and acquisition multiples paid in recent transactions. Management evaluates the appropriateness of each valuation methodology in determining the weighting applied to each methodology in the determination of the concluded fair value. Inherent in the cash flow projections for the Segment are significant assumptions derived from management’s review of its operating results and business plans, including expected revenue and expense growth rates, capital expenditure plans and cost of capital.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the Fiber Infrastructure segment is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management when determining the fair value measurement of the Segment, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in performing procedures to evaluate management’s valuation of the Segment. There was significant audit effort to evaluate the audit evidence related to management’s fair value estimate determined using a combination of an income approach and a market approach, including the weighting applied to each methodology, as well as significant assumptions used in the income approach such as revenue and expense growth rates, capital expenditure plans and cost of capital, and comparable businesses and acquisition multiples utilized in the market approach. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing these procedures and evaluating the audit evidence obtained.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Segment. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for determining the fair value estimate, including (i) evaluating the fair value of the Segment as determined using a combination of an income approach and a market approach, including the weighting applied to each methodology; (ii) testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow model and market approach; (iii) evaluating the significant assumptions used by management in the income approach, including the revenue and expense growth rates, capital expenditure plans and cost of capital; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of comparable businesses and acquisition multiples utilized in the market approach. Evaluating management’s assumptions used in the income approach involved evaluating whether the assumptions were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the Segment, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Evaluating the reasonableness of comparable businesses and acquisition multiples utilized in the market approach involved considering the consistency with external market data and recent transactions. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the fair value of the Segment as determined using a combination of an income approach and a market approach, including the weighting applied to each methodology, the appropriateness of management’s discounted cash flow model and the reasonableness of certain significant assumptions used by management in the income approach, including the revenue growth rates and cost of capital, and the reasonableness of the comparable businesses and acquisition multiples utilized in the market approach.

As described in Notes 3 and 6to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed the asset acquisition of Bluebird Network, LLC’ (“Bluebird Network”) on August 30, 2019 for total purchase consideration of $320.8 million. Management applies the acquisition method of accounting for acquisitions meeting the definition of an asset acquisition, where assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value at the date of the acquisition. Management uses significant judgment and estimates in determining the fair values of the assets acquired and

liabilities assumed, which include assumptions with respect to items such as replacement cost, land value, assemblage factor, discount rate, lease-up period, implied rents per strand mile, and useful life.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the purchase price allocation of the Bluebird Network acquisition is a critical audit matter are (i) there was a high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in applying procedures relating to the fair value estimate of tangible and intangible assets acquired due to the significant amount of judgment by management when developing the estimate; (ii) there was significant audit effort in evaluating the significant assumptions relating to the fair value estimate, including the replacement cost, land value, assemblage factor, discount rate, lease-up period, implied rents per strand mile, and useful life; (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing these procedures and evaluating the audit evidence obtained; and (iv) as described in the “Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section, a material weakness was identified related to this matter.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others, (i) reading the purchase agreement; (ii) testing management’s process for estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets; (iii) testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the fair value estimates; and (iv) evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation methods and the reasonableness of significant assumptions, including the replacement cost, land value, assemblage factor, discount rate, lease-up period, implied rents per strand mile, and useful life, using professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in doing so. Evaluating the reasonableness of the replacement cost assumption involved considering the historical cost of constructing fiber network. The land value, assemblage factor, discount rate, lease-up period, and implied rents per strand mile assumptions were evaluated by considering the consistency with external market and industry data. The estimate of useful life was evaluated by considering whether the assumption was consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

(Thousands, except par value)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	3,209,006		$	3,053,889		$	3,409,945		$	3,209,006
Cash and cash equivalents		38,026			59,765			142,813			38,026
Accounts receivable, net		104,063			43,652			77,623			104,063
Goodwill		692,385			673,729			690,672			692,385
Intangible assets, net		432,821			429,357			531,979			432,821
Straight-line revenue receivable		61,785			47,041			2,408			61,785
Derivative asset		31,043			6,793			-			31,043
Other assets		23,808			15,856			161,560			23,808
Total Assets	$	4,592,937		$	4,330,082		$	5,017,000		$	4,592,937
Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and Shareholders' Deficit:
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, net	$	94,179		$	77,634		$	227,121		$	94,179
Accrued interest payable		28,097			28,684			28,800			28,097
Deferred revenue		726,262			537,553			1,070,671			726,262
Derivative liability								23,679			-
Dividends payable		113,744			109,557			43,282			113,744
Deferred income taxes		52,434			55,478			24,431			52,434
Capital lease obligations		55,282			56,329
Finance lease obligations								52,994			55,282
Contingent consideration		83,401			105,762			11,507			83,401
Notes and other debt, net		4,846,233			4,482,697			5,017,679			4,846,233
Total liabilities		5,999,632			5,453,694			6,500,164			5,999,632

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.0001 par value, 88 shares authorized, issued and outstanding, $87,500 liquidation value		86,508			83,530
Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.0001 par value, 0 shares authorized at December 31, 2019 and 88 shares authorized and issued at December 31, 2018, $87,500 liquidation value								-			86,508

Shareholders' Deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding: 180,536 shares at December 31, 2018 and 174,852 at December 31, 2017		18			17
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding								-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding: 192,142 shares at December 31, 2019 and 180,536 at December 31, 2018								19			18
Additional paid-in capital		757,517			644,328			951,295			757,517
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		30,105			7,821
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income								(23,442	)		30,105
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings		(2,373,218	)		(1,960,715	)		(2,494,740	)		(2,373,218	)
Total Uniti shareholders' deficit		(1,585,578	)		(1,308,549	)		(1,566,868	)		(1,585,578	)
Noncontrolling interests - operating partnership units		92,375			101,407			83,704			92,375
Total shareholders' deficit		(1,493,203	)		(1,207,142	)		(1,483,164	)		(1,493,203	)
Total Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock, and Shareholders' Deficit	$	4,592,937		$	4,330,082		$	5,017,000		$	4,592,937

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Year Ended December 31,

(Thousands, except per share data)

2018

2017

2016

Revenues:

Leasing

$
699,847

$
685,099

$
676,868

Fiber Infrastructure

289,239

202,791

70,568

Tower

14,617

10,055

500

Consumer CLEC

13,931

18,087

22,472

Total revenues

1,017,634

916,032

770,408

Costs and Expenses:

Interest expense, net

319,591

305,994

275,394

Depreciation and amortization

451,750

434,205

375,970

General and administrative expense

85,198

72,045

35,402

Operating expense (exclusive of depreciation, accretion and amortization)

137,065

102,176

49,668

Transaction related costs

17,410

38,005

33,669

Other (income) expense

(4,504
)

11,284

-

Total costs and expenses

1,006,510

963,709

770,103

Income (loss) before income taxes

11,124

(47,677
)

305

Income tax (benefit) expense

(5,421
)

(38,849
)

517

Net income (loss)

16,545

(8,828
)

(212
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

358

611

-

Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders

16,187

(9,439
)

(212
)
Participating securities' share in earnings

(2,594
)

(1,509
)

(1,557
)
Dividends declared on convertible preferred stock

(2,624
)

(2,624
)

(1,743
)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock

(2,980
)

(2,980
)

(1,985
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders

$
7,989

$
(16,552
)

$
(5,497
)

Earnings (loss) per common share (Note 13):

Basic

$
0.05

$
(0.10
)

$
(0.04
)
Diluted

$
0.04

$
(0.13
)

$
(0.04
)

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

Basic

176,169

168,693

152,473

Diluted

177,071

168,989

152,473

	Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data)	2019			2018			2017
Revenues:
Leasing	$	716,640		$	699,847		$	685,099
Fiber Infrastructure		315,605			289,239			202,791
Tower		14,693			14,617			10,055
Consumer CLEC		10,673			13,931			18,087
Total revenues		1,057,611			1,017,634			916,032
Costs and Expenses:
Interest expense, net		390,112			319,591			305,994
Depreciation and amortization		405,754			451,750			434,205
General and administrative expense		102,900			85,198			72,045
Operating expense (exclusive of depreciation, accretion and amortization)		160,024			137,065			102,176
Transaction related and other costs		43,708			17,410			38,005
Gain on sale of real estate		(28,995	)		-			-
Other (income) expense		(31,463	)		(4,504	)		11,284
Total costs and expenses		1,042,040			1,006,510			963,709

Income (loss) before income taxes		15,571			11,124			(47,677	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		4,663			(5,421	)		(38,849	)
Net income (loss)		10,908			16,545			(8,828	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		326			358			611
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders		10,582			16,187			(9,439	)
Participating securities' share in earnings		(549	)		(2,594	)		(1,509	)
Dividends declared on convertible preferred stock		(656	)		(2,624	)		(2,624	)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		(993	)		(2,980	)		(2,980	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	8,384		$	7,989		$	(16,552	)

Earnings (loss) per common share (Note 13):
Basic	$	0.04		$	0.05		$	(0.10	)
Diluted	$	0.04		$	0.04		$	(0.13	)

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
Basic		187,358			176,169			168,693
Diluted		187,358			177,071			168,989

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Shareholders' Deficit			Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Shareholders' Deficit
(Thousands, except share data)	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount																	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2015		-	$	-		149,862,459	$	15	$	1,392		$	(5,427	)	$	(1,162,886	)	$	-		$	(1,166,906	)
2016 Activity:
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			(212	)		-			(212	)
Issuance of common stock		-		-		5,077,629		-		137,665			-			-			-			137,665
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		-		-		-		-		(1,985	)		-			-			-			(1,985	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-		-			(942	)		-			-			(942	)
Common stock dividends		-		-		-		-		-			-			(370,186	)		-			(370,186	)
Convertible preferred stock dividends		-		-		-		-		-			-			(1,743	)		-			(1,743	)
Equity issuance cost		-		-		-		-		(623	)		-			-			-			(623	)
Net share settlement		-		-		-		-		(203	)		-			(2,156	)		-			(2,359	)
Stock-based compensation		-		-		198,549		-		4,846			-			-			-			4,846
Balance at December 31, 2016		-	$	-		155,138,637	$	15	$	141,092		$	(6,369	)	$	(1,537,183	)	$	-		$	(1,402,445	)		-	$	-		155,138,637	$	15	$	141,092		$	(6,369	)	$	(1,537,183	)	$	-		$	(1,402,445	)
2017 Activity:
Net (loss) income		-		-		-		-		-			-			(9,439	)		611			(8,828	)		-		-		-		-		-			-			(9,439	)		611			(8,828	)
Issuance of common stock		-		-		19,528,302		2		517,499			-			-			-			517,501			-		-		19,528,302		2		517,499			-			-			-			517,501
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		-		-		-		-		(2,980	)		-			-			-			(2,980	)		-		-		-		-		(2,980	)		-			-			-			(2,980	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-		-			14,190			-			365			14,555			-		-		-		-		-			14,190			-			365			14,555
Common stock dividends		-		-		-		-		-			-			(410,054	)		-			(410,054	)		-		-		-		-		-			-			(410,054	)		-			(410,054	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(4,978	)		(4,978	)		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(4,978	)		(4,978	)
Convertible preferred stock dividends		-		-		-		-		-			-			(2,624	)		-			(2,624	)		-		-		-		-		-			-			(2,624	)		-			(2,624	)
Equity issuance cost		-		-		-		-		(18,575	)		-			-			-			(18,575	)		-		-		-		-		(18,575	)		-			-			-			(18,575	)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			105,969			105,969			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			105,969			105,969
Purchase of noncontrolling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(560	)		(560	)		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(560	)		(560	)
Net share settlement		-		-		-		-		(421	)		-			(1,415	)		-			(1,836	)		-		-		-		-		(421	)		-			(1,415	)		-			(1,836	)
Stock-based compensation		-		-		184,575		-		7,713			-			-			-			7,713			-		-		184,575		-		7,713			-			-			-			7,713
Balance at December 31, 2017		-	$	-		174,851,514	$	17	$	644,328		$	7,821		$	(1,960,715	)	$	101,407		$	(1,207,142	)		-	$	-		174,851,514	$	17	$	644,328		$	7,821		$	(1,960,715	)	$	101,407		$	(1,207,142	)
2018 Activity:
Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of new accounting standard		-		-		-		-		-			-			1,859			-			1,859			-		-		-		-		-			-			1,859			-			1,859
Net income																									-		-		-		-		-			-			16,187			358			16,545
At-the-market issuance of common stock, net of offering costs																									-		-		5,496,763		1		109,441			-			-			-			109,442
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock																									-		-		-		-		(2,980	)		-			-			-			(2,980	)
Other comprehensive income																									-		-		-		-		-			22,284			-			527			22,811
Common stock dividends																									-		-		-		-		-			-			(427,656	)		-			(427,656	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest																									-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(9,917	)		(9,917	)
Convertible preferred stock dividends																									-		-		-		-		-			-			(2,624	)		-			(2,624	)
Net share settlement																									-		-		-		-		(1,336	)		-			(269	)		-			(1,605	)

Stock-based compensation																					-		-	187,694		-		8,064			-			-			-			8,064
Balance at December 31, 2018																					-	$	-	180,535,971	$	18	$	757,517		$	30,105		$	(2,373,218	)	$	92,375		$	(1,493,203	)
2019 Activity:
Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of new accounting standard																					-		-	-		-		-			-			(61,826	)		-			(61,826	)
Net income	-		-	-		-		-			-		16,187			358			16,545		-		-	-		-		-			-			10,582			326			10,908
At-the-market issuance of common stock, net of offering costs	-		-	5,496,763		1		109,441			-		-			-			109,442		-		-	1,176,186		-		21,641			-			-			-			21,641
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock	-		-	-		-		(2,980	)		-		-			-			(2,980	)	-		-	-		-		(993	)		-			-			-			(993	)
Other comprehensive income	-		-	-		-		-			22,284		-			527			22,811		-		-	-		-		-			(53,547	)		-			(1,128	)		(54,675	)
Common stock dividends	-		-	-		-		-			-		(427,656	)		-			(427,656	)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.37 per share)																					-		-	-		-		-			-			(69,403	)		-			(69,403	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	-		-	-		-		-			-		-			(9,917	)		(9,917	)	-		-	-		-		-			-			-			(1,329	)		(1,329	)
Exchange of noncontrolling interest																					-		-	666,576		-		6,540			-			-			(6,540	)		-
Convertible preferred stock dividends	-		-	-		-		-			-		(2,624	)		-			(2,624	)	-		-	-		-		-			-			(875	)		-			(875	)
Equity settlement convertible preferred stock																					-		-	8,677,163		1		87,499			-			-						87,500
Net share settlement	-		-	-		-		(1,336	)		-		(269	)		-			(1,605	)	-		-	-		-		(1,834	)		-			-			-			(1,834	)
Stock-based compensation	-		-	187,694		-		8,064			-		-			-			8,064		-		-	357,066		-		10,808			-			-			-			10,808
Balance at December 31, 2018	-	$	-	180,535,971	$	18	$	757,517		$	30,105	$	(2,373,218	)	$	92,375		$	(1,493,203	)
Equity settlement contingent consideration																					-		-	645,385		-		11,178			-			-			-			11,178
Issuance of common stock - employee stock purchase plan																					-		-	83,287		-		884			-			-						884
Equity component value of exchangeable note issuance, net																					-		-	-		-		80,770			-			-			-			80,770
Deferred tax liability related to exchangeable note issuance																					-		-	-		-		(3,499	)		-			-			-			(3,499	)
Sale of common stock warrant																					-		-	-		-		50,819			-			-			-			50,819
Payment for bond hedge option																					-		-	-		-		(70,035	)		-			-			-			(70,035	)
Balance at December 31, 2019																					-	$	-	192,141,634	$	19	$	951,295		$	(23,442	)	$	(2,494,740	)	$	83,704		$	(1,483,164	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Cash flow from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	16,545		$	(8,828	)	$	(212	)	$	10,908		$	16,545		$	(8,828	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		451,750			434,205			375,970			405,754			451,750			434,205
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		24,614			23,102			16,002			42,779			24,614			23,102
Deferred income taxes		(7,385	)		(41,171	)		(2,186	)		(11,428	)		(7,385	)		(41,171	)
Straight-line rental revenues		(15,048	)		(15,136	)		(17,293	)		(208	)		(15,048	)		(15,136	)
Stock-based compensation		8,064			7,713			4,846			10,808			8,064			7,713
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(3,721	)		10,736			-			(28,463	)		(3,721	)		10,736
Gain on sale of real estate											(28,995	)		-			-
Loss on sale of Uniti Fiber Midwest operations											2,242			-			-
Loss on asset disposal											6,891			-			-
Other		7,818			872			936			(435	)		7,818			872
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		(52,792	)		(10,524	)		(3,516	)		25,592			(52,792	)		(10,524	)
Other assets		1,755			(1,560	)		(1,365	)		10,297			1,755			(1,560	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		41,218			5,851			2,806			(3,260	)		41,218			5,851
Deferred revenue from prepaid rent - Bluebird/Uniti Fiber Midwest networks (Note 5)											174,500			-			-
Net cash provided by operating activities		472,818			405,260			375,988			616,982			472,818			405,260
Cash flow from investing activities
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired		(53,669	)		(761,887	)		(488,788	)		(10,312	)		(53,669	)		(761,887	)
Bluebird asset acquisition											(320,818	)		-			-
Proceeds from sale of Uniti Fiber Midwest operations											6,400			-			-
Acquisition of ground lease investments		-			(21,764	)		(11,543	)		-			-			(21,764	)
NMS asset acquisition (Note 5)		(3,299	)		(69,729	)		-			-			(3,299	)		(69,729	)
Proceeds from sale of real estate, net of cash											130,429			-			-
Capital expenditures - other		(423,575	)		(166,028	)		(34,900	)		(350,480	)		(423,575	)		(166,028	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(480,543	)		(1,019,408	)		(535,231	)		(544,781	)		(480,543	)		(1,019,408	)
Cash flow from financing activities
Principal payment on debt		(21,080	)		(21,080	)		(22,027	)		(21,080	)		(21,080	)		(21,080	)
Dividends paid		(426,094	)		(400,210	)		(367,830	)		(138,731	)		(426,094	)		(400,210	)
Payments of contingent consideration		(18,640	)		(19,999	)		-			(32,253	)		(18,640	)		(19,999	)
Proceeds from issuance of Notes		-			201,000			548,875			345,000			-			201,000
Borrowings under revolving credit facility		500,000			845,000			641,000			139,000			500,000			845,000
Payments under revolving credit facility		(140,000	)		(565,000	)		(641,000	)		(203,981	)		(140,000	)		(565,000	)
Capital lease payments		(5,946	)		(3,237	)		(1,549	)
Deferred financing costs		-			(28,539	)		(20,557	)
Finance lease payments											(4,257	)		(5,946	)		(3,237	)
Payments for financing costs											(49,497	)		-			(28,539	)
Common stock issuance, net of costs		109,441			498,926			54,213			21,641			109,441			498,926
Proceeds from sale of warrants											50,819			-			-
Payment for bond hedge option											(70,035	)		-			-
Purchase of noncontrolling interest		-			(560	)		-			-			-			(560	)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interest		(9,917	)		(2,498	)		-			(3,046	)		(9,917	)		(2,498	)
Employee stock purchase plan											883			-			-
Net share settlement		(1,605	)		(1,836	)		(2,359	)		(1,834	)		(1,605	)		(1,836	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(13,841	)		501,967			188,766
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities											32,629			(13,841	)		501,967
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(173	)		192			(267	)		(43	)		(173	)		192
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(21,739	)		(111,989	)		29,256
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents											104,787			(21,739	)		(111,989	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		59,765			171,754			142,498			38,026			59,765			171,754
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	38,026		$	59,765		$	171,754
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment acquired but not yet paid	$	17,901		$	15,285		$	5,752
Tenant capital improvements	$	153,615		$	227,969		$	156,972
Acquisition of businesses through non-cash consideration	$	-		$	122,395		$	259,996

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Uniti Group Inc. (the “Company,” “Uniti,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in the state of Maryland on September 4, 2014. We are an independent, internally managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) engaged in the acquisition and construction of mission critical infrastructure in the communications industry. We are principally focused on acquiring and constructing fiber optic broadband networks, wireless communications towers, copper and coaxial broadband networks and data centers. We manage our operations in ~~four~~4 separate lines of business: Uniti Fiber, Uniti Towers, Uniti Leasing, and the Consumer CLEC Business.

The Company operates through a customary “up-REIT” structure, pursuant to which we hold substantially all of our assets through a partnership, Uniti Group LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), that we control as general partner, with the only significant difference between the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries compared to the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations of Uniti is that the results for the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries do not include Uniti’s Consumer CLEC segment, which consists of Talk America Services. The up-REIT structure is intended to facilitate future acquisition opportunities by providing the Company with the ability to use common units of the Operating Partnership as a tax-efficient acquisition currency. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and own approximately ~~97.7%~~98.2% of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include all accounts of the Company and, its wholly-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, which includes the Operating Partnership. Under the Accounting Standards Codification 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), the Operating Partnership is considered a variable interest entity and is consolidated in the Consolidated Financial Statements of Uniti Group Inc. as the Company has determined to be the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

ASC 810 provides guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and the determination of which business enterprise, if any, should consolidate the VIEs. Generally, the consideration of whether an entity is a VIE applies when either: (1) the equity investors (if any) lack (i) the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities through voting or similar rights, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; or (3) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests and substantially all of the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with a disproportionately small voting interest. The Company consolidates VIEs in which it is considered to be the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the VIE’s performance; and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive the returns from the VIE that would be significant to the VIE.

The accompanying ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for financial information set forth in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), as published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company’s management has evaluated whether there

are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the ~~date~~accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are issued.

We are party to a ~~Master Lease~~master lease agreement (the “Master Lease”) with Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream Holdings” and together with its consolidated subsidiaries “Windstream”), from which ~~68.2%~~ 65.0% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was derived. In recent years, Windstream has ~~been~~experienced annual declines in its total revenue, sales and cash flow, and has had its credit ratings downgraded by nationally recognized credit rating agencies multiple times.

Prior to its bankruptcy filing described below, Windstream was involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities ~~related~~relating to ~~our spin-off from Windstream (“Spin-Off”).~~the Spin- Off. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that its attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an ~~“event~~‘‘event of ~~default”~~default’’ occurred with respect to such debt ~~securities,~~securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective. In response to the adverse outcome, on February 25, 2019, Windstream filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New ~~York.~~York and is currently operating as a ‘‘debtor in possession’’ under supervision of the Bankruptcy Court.

In bankruptcy, Windstream has the option to assume or reject the Master Lease. Because the Master Lease is a single indivisible Master Lease with a single rent payment, ~~the lease~~it must be assumed or rejected in whole and cannot be sub-divided by facility or ~~market.~~market absent Uniti’s consent. A significant amount of Windstream’s revenue is generated from the use of our network included in the Master Lease, and we believe that the Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s operations. Furthermore, Windstream is designated as a “carrier of last resort” in certain markets where it utilizes the Master Lease to provide service to its customers, and Windstream would require approval from the Public Utility Commissions (“PUC”) and the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) to cease providing service in those markets. As a result, we believe the probability of Windstream rejecting the ~~lease~~Master Lease in bankruptcy to be remote. ~~However,~~Windstream has filed claims against us alleging, among other things: that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing transaction, which would impact its treatment in Windstream’s bankruptcy (including potentially through changing our status to that of a creditor that would share in creditor recoveries from the estate rather than receive rent payments) and which could affect our status as a REIT; that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property; and that rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease since at least the third quarter of 2017 constitute constructive fraudulent transfers. A rejection of the Master Lease, an adverse determination by a judge on Windstream’s claims against us, or even a temporary disruption in payments to us, may require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties, and could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, including our ability to service debt, comply with debt covenants and ~~pay dividends to our stockholders as required to~~ maintain our status as a REIT. ~~As a result, conditions or events~~We participated in mediation of these claims in Windstream’s bankruptcy. On March 2, 2020, Uniti and Windstream jointly announced that they have reached an agreement in principle to resolve any and all claims and causes of action that have been ~~identified that are present that raise substantial doubt about~~or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the ~~Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.~~context of Windstream’s Bankruptcy. See Note 22.

The Company has considered the mitigating effects of management’s plans to alleviate the substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern in the event there is a disruption in the payments due to us under the Master Lease prior to Windstream’s assumption or rejection of the ~~lease.~~lease, or in the event the settlement is not effectuated, and Windstream rejects the lease or if there is any adverse determinations in respect of Windstream’s claims. Those plans include deferring, reducing or delaying cash dividends and capital expenditures, if necessary, paying one or more dividends that are required to maintain our REIT status in shares to the extent allowed under the IRS REIT rules, curtailing acquisition activities, accessing the capital markets and identifying alternative sources of liquidity. Based on our analysis, including consideration of the ~~timing~~assurances Windstream has made with respect to the payment of ~~petitioners’ requirements to make post-petition lease payments under U.S. bankruptcy law,~~rent, we believe that we have adequate liquidity to continue to fund our operations for twelve months after the issuance of the ~~financial statements.~~accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements absent any adverse determination in respect to Windstream’s claims or disruptions in rent payments under the Master Lease.

Although management has concluded the probability of a rejection of the Master Lease to be remote (were our settlement to be rejected), and has noted the absence of any provision in the Master Lease that contemplates renegotiation of the lease and the lack of any ability of the bankruptcy court to unilaterally reset the rent or terms of the lease, it is difficult to predict what could occur in Windstream’s bankruptcy ~~restructuring. The Company has evaluated~~restructuring, including any judicial

decisions in respect of claims against us by Windstream or its ability to continue as a going concern in light of the possibility of a consensual renegotiation of the Master Lease, and the impact of any renegotiated lease on our compliance with our debt covenants. We note thatcreditors. In addition, our Credit Agreement prohibits the Company from amending the Master Lease in a manner that, among other provisions, pro forma for any such amendment, would result in a consolidated secured leverage ratio that exceeds 5.0 to 1.0. Furthermore, management has no intention amending the Master Lease in a manner that would violate our debt covenants.

On March 2, 2020, Uniti and Windstream jointly announced that the mediation has culminated in an agreement in principle (the “Settlement”) to resolve any and all claims and causes of action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the context of Windstream’s bankruptcy. See Note 22. In connection with the Settlement, among other provisions, Windstream and Uniti have agreed to bifurcate the Master Lease into two structurally similar agreements to govern Windstream’s incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC”) and competitive local exchange carrier (“CLEC”) facilities, respectively (collectively, the “New Leases”). Parties to the New Leases include Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Services, LLC, and its other relevant subsidiaries. The New Leases will be cross-guaranteed and cross-defaulted unless Windstream ceases to be the tenant, and the initial aggregate annual rent under the New Leases will be equal to the annual rent under the Master Lease currently in effect.

The Settlement is subject to negotiation and execution of definitive documentation and certain regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including bankruptcy court approval and Uniti’s U.S. federal income tax compliance. All litigation between Windstream and Uniti will be stayed while the parties negotiate and prepare the definitive documentation implementing the Settlement. However, if the conditions of the settlement are not satisfied, the litigation would be resumed.

The Company has evaluated its ability to continue as a going concern in light of the Settlement, including the impact of the New Leases on our compliance with our debt covenants, noting that our Credit Agreement would prohibit us from entering into the New Leases that on a pro forma basis, would result in a consolidated secured leverage that exceeds 5.0 to 1.0. Furthermore, management has no ~~intention~~intentions to ~~enter into~~structure the New Leases in a ~~lease amendment~~manner that would violate our debt covenants.

However, ~~because~~ there can be no certainty as to the satisfaction of the conditions precedent in the Settlement, the outcome of judicial decisions should litigation resume, and Windstream’s decision to assume or reject the Master Lease ~~uncertainties exist as to~~should the ~~outcome or impacts of any potential consensual renegotiation of the Master Lease.~~Settlement not become effective. Therefore, substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance of the financial statements ~~exists.~~.

The accompanying ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The financial

statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements, in accordance with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the accompanying financial statements, and such differences could be material.

Property, Plant and Equipment—Property, plant and equipment is stated at original cost, net of accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes costs incurred in bringing property, plant and equipment to an operational state, including all activities directly associated with the acquisition, construction, and installation of the related assets it owns. The Company capitalizes a portion of the interest costs it incurs for assets that require a period of time to get them ready for their intended use. The amount of interest that is capitalized is based on the average accumulated expenditures made during the period involved in bringing the assets comprising a network to an operational state at the Company’s weighted average interest rate during the respective accounting period.

The Company also enters into leasing arrangements providing for the long‑term use of constructed fiber that is then integrated into the Company’s network infrastructure. For each lease that qualifies as a ~~capital~~finance lease, the present value of the lease payments, which may include both periodic lease payments over the term of the lease as well as

upfront payments to the lessor, is capitalized at the inception of the lease and included in property and equipment. As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the accumulated amortization of our ~~capital~~finance lease assets was ~~$15.8~~$24.3 million and ~~$10.1~~$15.8 million, respectively.

Certain property, plant and equipment acquired as part of our spin-off from Windstream is depreciated using a group composite depreciation method. Under this method, when property is retired, the original cost, net of salvage value, is charged against accumulated depreciation and no 0 immediate gain or loss is recognized on the disposition of the property. For all other property, which includes amortization of ~~capital~~finance lease assets, depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the respective property. When the property is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are written-off, with the corresponding gain or loss reflected in operating results. Construction in progress includes direct materials and labor related to fixed assets during the construction period. Depreciation will begin once the construction period has ceased and the related asset has been placed into service, in which it will be depreciated over its useful life.

Costs of maintenance and repairs to property, plant and equipment subject triple-net leasing arrangements are the responsibility of our tenant. Costs of maintenance and repairs to property, plant and equipment not subject to triple-net leasing arrangements are expensed as incurred.

We acquire real property interests from third parties who own land where communications infrastructure assets are located and desire to monetize the underlying real property. These real property interests entitle us to receive rental payments from leases on our sites. The financial results of the acquired real property interests are included in the Leasing segment from the date of acquisition and were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our results of operations. Real property interests are recorded in property, plant and equipment on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Tenant Capital Improvements—Our lease with Windstream provides that tenant funded capital improvements (“TCIs”), defined as maintenance, repair, overbuild, upgrade or replacements to the leased network, including, without limitation, the replacement of copper distribution systems with fiber distribution systems, automatically become property of Uniti upon their construction by Windstream. We receive non-monetary consideration related to the TCIs as they automatically become our property, and we recognize the cost basis of TCIs that are capital in nature as real estate investments and deferred revenue. We depreciate the real estate investments over their estimated useful lives and amortize the deferred revenue as additional leasing revenues over the same depreciable life of the TCI assets. At December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the net book value of TCIs recorded as a component of property, plant

and equipment on our Consolidated Balance Sheet was ~~$562.9~~$698.8 million and ~~$432.4~~$562.9 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, we recognized $29.0 million, $23.1 million, ~~$14.3 million,~~ and ~~$6.1~~$14.3 million of revenue and depreciation expense related to TCIs, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets—We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable from future undiscounted net cash flows we expect the asset group to generate. If the asset group is not fully recoverable, an impairment loss would be recognized for the difference between the carrying value of the asset group and its estimated fair value based on discounted net future cash flows. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, there were no events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount of any of our assets groups to not be recoverable from future undiscounted net cash flows we expect the asset groups to generate, and no0 impairment losses were recognized.

Asset Retirement Obligations—The Company records obligations to perform asset retirement activities, primarily including requirements to remove equipment from leased space or customer sites as required under the terms of the related lease and customer agreements. The fair value of the liability for asset retirement obligations, which represents the net present value of the estimated expected future cash outlay, is recognized in the period in which it is incurred and the fair value of the liability can reasonably be estimated. The liability accretes as a result of the passage of time and related accretion expense is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as an additional carrying amount of the related long‑lived asset and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the asset’s useful life. As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, our aggregate carrying amount of asset retirement obligations totaled ~~$10.4~~$9.5 million and ~~$9.4~~$10.4 million, respectively. During the ~~year~~years ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, we incurred liabilities of ~~$0.1~~$0.6 million and ~~$4.4~~$0.1 million related to asset

retirement obligations, respectively. During the ~~year~~years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, ~~2017,~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, we recognized $1.3 million, $0.9 million, ~~$4.4 million,~~ and ~~$0.8~~$4.4 million of accretion expense related to asset retirement obligations, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash and cash equivalents include all non-restricted cash held at financial institutions and other non-restricted highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—We account for our derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, in which we reflect all derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, we record the effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedged instruments as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Any ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized within net income. For derivatives that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting, changes in fair value are immediately recognized within net income. See Note 67 and Note 89.

Exchangeable Notes and Related Transactions—On June 28, 2019, Uniti Fiber Holdings, Inc. (“Uniti Fiber”), a subsidiary of the Company, issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due June 15, 2024 (the “Exchangeable Notes”). The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019. The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at Uniti Fiber’s election. In accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options, because the conversion feature in the Exchangeable Notes is not bifurcated pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and because the conversion can be settled in cash, shares, or a combination thereof, the Exchangeable Notes were separated into a liability component and an equity component in a manner that reflects Uniti Fiber’s non-convertible debt borrowing rate. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated conversion feature. See Note 11.

In connection with the offering of the Exchangeable Notes, Uniti Fiber entered into exchangeable note hedge transactions with respect to the Company’s common stock (the “Note Hedge Transactions”) with certain of the Initial Purchasers (as defined in Note 11) or their respective affiliates (collectively, the “Counterparties”). In addition, the Company entered into warrant transactions to sell to the Counterparties warrants (the “Warrants”) to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, up to approximately 27.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $16.42 per share. The warrant transactions may have a dilutive effect with respect to the Company’s common stock to the extent the market price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the strike price of the Warrants. While the Note Hedge Transactions and the Warrants meet the definition of a derivative in ASC 815-10-15-83, they each meet the equity scope exception specified in ASC 815-10-15-74(a); as such, the Warrants and the Notes Hedge Transactions are not accounted for as derivatives that must be remeasured each reporting period and instead, are recorded in stockholders’ deficit. See Note 9.

Intangible Assets—Intangible assets are presented in the financial statements at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives with the exception of the customer list intangible assets related to our Consumer CLEC Business, which were brought over at carry-over basis at the time of Spin-Off, and are amortized using the sum-of-the-years’-digits method over their estimated useful lives.

Foreign Currency Translation—The financial statements of our international subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency, and includes the Mexican Peso and Colombian Peso, are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and the weighted average exchange rate for the applicable period for revenues, expenses, gains and losses. Translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of comprehensive income in stockholders’ ~~equity.~~deficit. On April 2, 2019, the Company ceased transactions involving foreign currencies with the completed sale of the Uniti Towers’ Latin America business (see Note 6), which included our international subsidiaries.

~~Reclassifications~~—~~During 2017 and forward, we managed and reported our operations in four reportable business segments: Leasing, Fiber Infrastructure, Towers and Consumer CLEC.~~ ~~Certain prior year asset categories and related amounts in Note 7 have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation.~~

Transaction Related and Other Costs—The Company expenses non-capitalizable transaction related and other costs in the period in which they are incurred and services are received. Transaction related costs include incremental acquisition pursuit, transaction and integration costs, including unsuccessful acquisition pursuit costs. Pursuit and transaction costs include professional services (legal, accounting, advisory, regulatory, etc.), finder’s fees, travel expenses, and other direct expenses

associated with an acquisition. Integration costs include direct costs necessary

to integrate an acquired business, including professional services, systems and data conversion, severance and retention bonuses payable to employees of an acquired business. In addition, other costs, such as costs incurred as a result of Windstream’s bankruptcy filing, costs associated with Windstream’s claims against us (see Note 15), and costs associated with the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system are included within this line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Debt Issuance Costs—The Company recognizes debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The costs, which include underwriting, legal, and other direct costs related to the issuance of debt, are amortized over the contractual term of the debt using the effective interest method.

Revenue Recognition—~~We recognize~~ As discussed in “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” in this Note 3, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASC 842”) on January 1, 2019. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, the Company recognized leasing revenues on a straight-line basis over the applicable lease term when collectability is reasonably assured. Recognizing leasing income on a straight-line basis generally results in recognized revenues during the first half of the lease term in excess of cash amounts contractually due from our tenants, creating a straight-line rent receivable.

We evaluate the collectability of straight-line rent receivables and record a provision for doubtful accounts if management believes the receivables to be uncollectible. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, no allowance was recorded related to our straight-line rent receivable.

We lease certain assets to Windstream under a triple-net lease, whereby Windstream is responsible for the costs related to operating the Distribution Systems, including property taxes, insurance and maintenance and repair costs. As a result, we do not record an obligation related to the payment of property taxes or insurance, as Windstream makes direct payments to the taxing authorities and insurance carriers, respectively.

The Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“Topic 606”) on January 1, 2018 (see Note 4). Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company recognized service revenues related to its broadband transport and backhaul communications services when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) the services have been provided to the customer, (iii) the sales price was fixed or determinable, and (iv) the collection of the sales price is reasonably assured. Services provided to the Company’s customers are rendered pursuant to contractual fee‑based arrangements, which generally provide for recurring fees charged for the use of designated portions of the Company’s network and typically range for a period of three to ten years. The Company’s revenue arrangements often include upfront fees charged to the customer for the cost of establishing the necessary components of the Company’s network prior to the commencement of use by the customer. Fees charged to customers for the recurring use of the Company’s network are recognized during the related periods of service. Upfront fees that are billed in advance of providing services are deferred until such time the customer accepts the Company’s network and then are recognized as service revenues ratably over a period in which substantive services required under the revenue arrangement are expected to be performed, which is the initial term of the arrangement.

We evaluate the collectability of service receivables by considering a variety of factors. The Company typically does not require collateral. When the Company becomes aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, the Company records a specific reserve for bad debt to reduce the related accounts receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes is collectible. When appropriate, the Company also records reserves for bad debts for all other customers based on a variety of factors including the length of time the receivable is past due, the financial health of the customer, macroeconomic considerations and historical experience. If circumstances related to specific customers change, the Company adjusts its estimates of the recoverability of receivables as needed. At December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the allowance recorded for service receivables was ~~$2.3~~$2.7 million and ~~$1.0~~$2.3 million, respectively.

Consumer CLEC Business revenues are primarily derived from providing access to or usage of leased networks and facilities and are recognized over the period that the corresponding services are rendered to customers. Revenues derived from other telecommunications services, including broadband, long distance and enhanced service revenues are recognized monthly as services are provided. Sales of customer premise equipment and modems are recognized when products are delivered to and accepted by customers.

Straight-Line Revenue Receivable—The adoption of ASC 842, discussed in “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” in this Note 3, on January 1, 2019 supersedes prior guidance regarding the evaluation of collectability of lease receivables, including straight-line revenue receivables. We have evaluated the collectability of our straight-

line revenue receivable associated with the Master Lease in accordance with the transition provisions of ASC 842. At the date of adoption, due to uncertainties surrounding Windstream’s operations and liquidity, including uncertainties surrounding the outcome of Windstream’s pending litigation, we concluded that it was not probable that we would collect all future payments due to the Company over the initial term of the Master Lease. As a result, effective January 1, 2019, the Company recorded the Master Lease on a cash basis in accordance with ASC 842 and will not reflect a straight-line revenue receivable until a time at which collectability of all future rents is determined to be probable. At the adoption of ASC 842, we reflected the write off of the straight-line revenue balance as of January 1, 2019 as a $61.5 million adjustment to equity resulting from the change in accounting standard.

Stock-Based Compensation—We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting. We have determined that our stock-based payment awards granted in exchange for employee services qualify as equity classified awards, which are measured based on the fair value of the award on the date of the grant. The fair

value of restricted stock-based payments is based on the market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of performance-based awards, which have performance conditions, is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of all stock-based compensation is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. See Note 1112.

Income Taxes—We elected on our initial U.S. federal income tax return to be treated as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders, and meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including asset holding requirements. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax for open taxable years through ~~2018,~~2017, on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and we could not deduct dividends paid to our shareholders in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from reelecting to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

Subject to the temporary restriction imposed by the waiver and amendment to our Credit Agreement (see Note ~~10)~~11), our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts exceeding 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any capital gains, generally will be restricted. As a result, we may be required to record a provision in our Consolidated Financial Statements for U.S. federal income taxes related to the activities of the REIT and its passthrough subsidiaries for any undistributed income. We are subject to the statutory requirements of the locations in which we conduct business, and state and local income taxes are accrued as deemed required in the best judgment of management based on analysis and interpretation of respective tax laws.

We have elected to treat the subsidiaries through which we operate Uniti Fiber and Talk America, as well as certain portions of Uniti Towers, as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). TRSs enable us to engage in activities that result in income that does not constitute qualifying income for a REIT. Our TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes.

The Company is subject to restrictions on distributions to its shareholders based on our Credit Agreement as amended. The restrictions permit the Company to make the minimum required distribution to maintain its status as a REIT, which is limited to 90% of our REIT taxable income. The restrictions will remain in place until a plan of reorganization for Windstream has become effective and other conditions related to the Company’s net leverage ratio are satisfied. Management believes that the requirements for a reversion will occur before the end of calendar

year 2020. Further, upon reversion, the Company expects to make one or more distributions to its shareholders to ensure that it has distributed at least 100% of its 2020 REIT taxable income. Therefore, the Company believes that the REIT will not incur federal or state income tax related to its 2020 tax year (other than certain local income taxes) and thus no deferred income taxes related to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases at the REIT should be recorded as of December 31, 2019.

We recognize the benefit of tax positions that are "more likely than not" to be sustained upon examination based on their technical merit. The benefit of a tax position is measured at the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If applicable, we will report tax-related penalties and interest expense as a component of income tax expense. We currently have unrecognized tax benefits of ~~$3.0~~$1.7 million recorded in deferred incomes taxes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions—In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, we apply the acquisition method of accounting for acquisitions meeting the definition of a business combination or asset acquisition, where assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value at the date of each acquisition, and the results of operations are included with those of the Company from the dates of the respective acquisitions. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities are estimated using the income, market and/or cost approach. The income approach utilizes the present value of estimated future cash flows that a business or asset can be expected to generate, while under the market approach, the fair value of an asset or business reflects the price at which

comparable assets are purchased under similar circumstances. Inherent in our preparation of cash flow projections are significant assumptions and estimates derived from a review of operating results, business plans, expected growth rates, capital expenditure plans, cost of capital and tax rates. We also make certain forecasts about future economic conditions, interest rates and other market data. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management. Small changes in these assumptions or estimates could materially affect the cash flow projections, and therefore could affect the estimated fair value. Impact these assumptions or estimates include customer retention, execution of our business plans, which impact growth, cost escalation impacting margin, the level of capital expenditures required to sustain our growth and market factors, including stock price fluctuations and increased rates, impacting our cost of capital.

For acquisitions meeting the definition of a business combination, any excess of the purchase price paid by the Company over the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. ASC 805 also requires acquirers to, among other things, estimate the acquisition date fair value of any contingent consideration and recognize any subsequent changes in the fair value of contingent consideration in earnings. When provisional amounts are initially recorded, the Company continues to evaluate acquisitions for a period not to exceed one year after the applicable acquisition date of each transaction to determine whether any additional adjustments are needed to the allocation of the purchase price paid for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Noncontrolling Interest—The limited partner equity interests in our operating partnership are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock or, at our election, cash of equivalent value. All of the limited partner equity interests in our operating partnership not held by the Company are reflected as noncontrolling interests. In the ~~consolidated statements~~Consolidated Statements of ~~operations,~~Income, we allocate net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests to arrive at net income (loss) attributable to shareholders based on their proportionate share.

For transactions that result in changes to the Company's ownership interest in our operating partnership, the carrying amount of noncontrolling interests is adjusted to reflect such changes. The difference between the fair value of the consideration received or paid and the amount by which the noncontrolling interest is adjusted is reflected as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital on the ~~consolidated balance sheets.~~Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Goodwill—As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, all of our goodwill is included our Fiber Infrastructure segment. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually. In accordance with ASC 350-20, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we evaluate goodwill for impairment between annual impairment tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Unless circumstances otherwise dictate, the annual impairment test is performed in the fourth quarter. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires significant judgment, including: the identification of reporting units; assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units; assignment of goodwill to reporting ~~units; determination of~~units. We performed our goodwill impairment analysis during the fourth quarter, and we concluded the implied fair value of ~~each reporting unit; and an assumption as to the form of the transaction in which the~~our Fiber Infrastructure reporting unit ~~would be acquired~~was in excess of its carrying value by ~~a market participant (either a taxable or nontaxable transaction)~~less than 2%. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, 0 impairment losses were recognized.

We estimate the fair value of our reporting units (which are our segments) using a combination of an income approach based on the present value of estimated future cash flows and a market approach based on market data of comparable businesses and acquisition multiples paid in recent transactions. We evaluate the appropriateness of each valuation methodology in determining the weighting applied to each methodology in the determination of the concluded fair value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit's net assets is less than its fair value, no indication of impairment exists. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is greater than the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess and ~~charged~~recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income not to ~~operations not~~ exceed the carrying value of goodwill.

events that could negatively impact these assumptions or estimates may include customer losses or poor execution of our business plans, which impact revenue growth, cost escalation impacting margin, the level of capital expenditures required to sustain our growth and market factors, including stock price fluctuations and increased rates, impacting our cost of capital. For example, if we were to experience a significant delay in our permitting process in the construction of our fiber networks, the timing of effected cash flows could impact long term growth rates and negatively impact the income approach, leading to potential impairment. As a result, should our expectations of average projected revenue growth percentage decrease by 4.0%, average projected EBITDA margin percentage decrease by 1.2% and/or average projected capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue increase by 3.9%, we may experience future impairment to goodwill (while other assumptions remain constant). Should we experience a deterioration in market factors such as stock prices or increased interest rates, a cost of capital increase in excess of 1.3% may result in future impairment. The market approach uses market data of comparable business and acquisition multiples paid in recent transactions to estimate fair value. Declines in ~~the comparable business and~~ acquisitions multiples of approximately 1.8% could affect the likelihood and amount of potential impairment.

In light of the recent developments below surrounding Windstream, as discussed in “Concentration of Credit Risks”, if there were to be changes in assumptions impacting the forecasted cash flows at Uniti Fiber, our conclusions regarding the likelihood and amount of any potential impairment could change.

Earnings per Share—Outstanding restricted stock awards that contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends are deemed to be participating securities, requiring the application of the two-class method of computing basic and dilutive earnings per share.

Basic earnings per share includes only the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earnings per share includes the weighted average number of common shares and the dilutive effect

Concentration of Credit Risks—We are party to a Master Lease with Windstream from which substantially all of Uniti’s leasing revenues and operating cash flows are currently derived. Revenue under the Master Lease provided 65.0% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019, 68.2% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018, and 74.8% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, ~~2017, and 87.9% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016.~~ 2017. Because a substantial portion of our revenue and cash flows are derived from lease payments by Windstream pursuant to the Master Lease, there could be a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and/or ability to pay dividends and service debt if Windstream were to default under the Master Lease or otherwise experiences operating or liquidity difficulties and becomes unable to generate sufficient cash to make payments to us. In recent years, Windstream has experienced annual declines in its total revenue, sales and cash flow, and has had its credit ratings downgraded by nationally recognized credit rating agencies multiple times over the past 12 months. In addition, Windstream has been involved in litigation with an entity who acquired certain Windstream debt securities and thereafter issued a notice of default as to such securities relating to our spin-off from Windstream. On December 7, 2017, the entity issued a notice of acceleration to Windstream claiming that the alleged default had matured into an “event of default” and that the principal amount, along with accrued interest, of such securities was due and payable immediately. Windstream challenged the matter in federal court and a trial was held, in July 2018. On February 15, 2019, the federal court judge issued a ruling against Windstream, finding that Windstream’s attempts to waive such default were not valid; that an “event of default” occurred with respect to such debt securities; and that the holder’s acceleration of such debt in December 2017 was effective.

In bankruptcy, Windstream has the option to assume or reject the Master Lease. While we believe that the Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s operations, it is difficult to predict what could occur in a restructuring, and even a temporary disruption in payments to us may require us to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties and avoid the imposition of liens on our properties and could impact our ability to fund other cash obligations, including dividends necessary to maintain REIT status, non-essential capital expenditures and, in an extreme case, our debt service obligations. See Note 2. A rejection by Windstream of the Master Lease or its inability or unwillingness to meet its rent and other obligations under the Master Lease could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations,

liquidity, and financial condition, including our ability to service debt, comply with debt covenants and pay dividends to our stockholders as required to maintain our status as a REIT. See Note 2.

~~Windstream~~Windstream’s stock is ~~a publicly traded company and~~quoted on the OTC Markets under the ticker symbol “WINMQ.” Windstream is subject to the periodic filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as ~~amended.~~amended, but Windstream is not current in its reporting obligations. Windstream filings can be found at www.sec.gov. Windstream filings are not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

~~In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15,~~ ~~Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~ (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on reducing the diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. In addition to other specific cash flow issues, ASU 2016-15 provides clarification on when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments into more than one class of cash flows and when an entity should classify those cash receipts and payments into one class of cash flows on the basis of predominance. The new guidance is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted ASU 2016-15 effectiveLeases—Effective January 1, ~~2018, and there was no material impact on our financial position.~~

~~In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting~~2019, we account for ~~Hedging Activities~~ ~~(“ASU 2017-12”), which amends and simplifies existing guidance~~leases in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. ASU 2017-12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods, and earlier adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2018, and there was no material impact on our financial position.

~~In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05,~~ Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASU 2017-05”), which provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets and for partial sales of nonfinancial assets, and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted ASU 2017-05 effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach and there was no material impact on our financial position.

~~In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts~~accordance with ~~Customers (Topic 606)~~. This update outlines a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for entities to follow in accounting for revenue from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance.ASC 842. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. Topic 606 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. We adopted Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. ~~See Note 4~~.

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases~~ ~~(“ASC 842”), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new~~ standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is comprised of amortization on the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and interest expense recognized based on an effective interest method, or as a single lease cost recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record ~~a right-of-use~~an ROU asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. The accounting for lessors remains largely ~~unchanged from existing guidance.~~unchanged. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for ~~similar to~~consistent with existing guidance for operating leases today.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. A lease exists when a contract conveys to the customer the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The ~~provisions~~definition of ~~this guidance are effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2018, and for interim periods therein, and it~~a lease embodies two conditions: (i) there is ~~required to applied using~~an identified asset in the ~~modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date. The Company~~contract that is ~~currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it will have on our financial statements by reviewing its existing~~

~~operating~~land or a depreciable asset (i.e., property, plant, and equipment), and (ii) the customer has the right to control the use of the identified asset.

We enter into lease contracts including ground, ~~tower,~~towers, equipment, office, colocation and fiber lease arrangements, in which we are the lessee, and service contracts that may include embedded leases. ~~The Company expects a gross-up of its Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of recognizing lease liabilities~~Operating leases where we are the lessor are included in Leasing, Fiber Infrastructure and ~~right-of-use assets; the extent of the impact of a gross-up is under evaluation. The Company does not anticipate material changes to the recognition of operating lease expense in its~~Tower revenues on our Consolidated Statements of Income.

From time to time we may enter into direct financing lease arrangements that include (i) a lessee obligation to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, (ii) a bargain purchase option, (iii) a lease term having a duration that is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the leased equipment or (iv) provides for minimum lease payments with a present value amounting to substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset at the date of lease inception.

ROU assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases where we are the lessee are included in other assets and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The lease liabilities are initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date.

ROU assets and lease liabilities related to finance leases where we are the lessee are included in property, plant and equipment, net and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The lease liabilities are initially measured in the same manner as operating leases and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. ROU assets for finance leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.

Key estimates and judgments include how we determined (i) the discount rate we use to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value, (ii) lease term and (iii) lease payments.

For operating leases where we are the lessor, we continue recognizing the underlying asset and depreciating it over its estimated useful life. Lease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leasing revenue is not recognized when collection of all contractual rents over the term of the agreement is not probable. When collection is not probable, the lessee is placed on non-accrual status and Leasing revenue is recognized when cash payments are received.

Where we are the lessee, the ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received.

For operating leases, the ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

For finance leases, the ROU asset is subsequently amortized using the straight-line method from the lease commencement date to the earlier of the end of its useful life or the end of the lease term unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to us, or we are reasonably certain to exercise an option to purchase the underlying asset. In those cases, the ROU asset is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset. Amortization of the ROU asset is recognized and presented separately from interest expense on the lease liability.

Variable lease payments associated with our leases are recognized when the event, activity, or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed occurs. Variable lease payments are presented within Leasing, Fiber Infrastructure and Tower revenues and general and administrative expense and operating expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the same line item as revenue arising from fixed lease payments (operating leases where we are the lessor) and expense arising from fixed lease payments (operating leases where we are the lessee) or amortization of the ROU asset (finance leases), respectively.

We monitor for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of a lease. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in general and administrative and operating expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

We have lease agreements which include lease and nonlease components. For both leases where we are a lessor and leases where we are a lessee, we have elected to combine lease and nonlease components for all lease contracts. Nonlease components that are combined with lease components are primarily maintenance services related to the leased asset. Where we are the lessor, we determine whether the lease or nonlease component is the predominant component on a case-by-case basis. For all existing leases where we are the lessor, the practical expedient in ASC Topic 842 has been applied to all combined components.

We have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for all short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. We recognize the lease payments associated with our short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have elected to exclude sales taxes from lease payments in arrangements where we are a lessor.

We adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective transition approach as of the effective date as permitted by the amendments in ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Target Improvements, which provides an alternative modified retrospective transition method. As a result, we were not required to adjust our comparative period financial information for effects of the standard or make the new required lease disclosures for periods before the date of adoption (i.e. January ~~2018,~~1, 2019). We have elected to adopt the ~~FASB issued~~package of transition practical expedients and, therefore, have not reassessed (i) whether existing or expired contracts contain a lease, (ii) lease classification for existing or expired leases or (iii) the accounting for initial direct costs that were previously capitalized. We elected the practical expedient to use hindsight for leases existing at the adoption date. Further, we elected to adopt the amendments in ASU 2018-01, ~~Leases~~ ~~(Topic 842) –~~ Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic ~~842. This standard~~842, which permits an entity to elect an optional ~~transition~~transaction practical expedient to not evaluate land easements that exist or expire before the ~~Company's~~Company’s adoption of ASC 842 and that were not previously accounted for as leases under ASC ~~840. The Company intends~~840, Leases (“ASC 840”).

In connection with the adoption of ASC 842, we have recorded an adjustment to ~~elect~~equity of $63.2 million, net of tax for the cumulative effect from a change in accounting standard. Of this ~~transition provision.~~amount, $61.5 million related to the write-off of the Master Lease straight-line revenue receivable, and $1.7 million relates to the establishment of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.

~~Except for the changes below, we have consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method, whereby the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 is recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at January 1, 2018. Therefore, comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. We recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $1.9 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily related to commission costs that are capitalized under Topic 606 which were previously expensed.

The details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are set out below. We have applied this guidance only to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018, the date of initial application.

We previously recognized commission fees related to obtaining a contract as selling expenses when incurred. Under Topic 606 and Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs,when they are incremental or expected to be recovered, we capitalize those commission fees as costs of obtaining a contract and amortize them consistently with the pattern of transfer of the product or service to which the asset relates. These amortized costs are included in general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. These deferred balances were $2.5 million and $4.9 million at January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets; Other Assets would have been lower by those amounts under revenue recognition and cost guidance applicable to us prior to the adoption of Topic 606 and Topic 340. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the impact to costs as a result of applying Topic 606 was a decrease of $2.4 million, as compared to what the general and administrative expense would have been under previous revenue and cost recognition guidance. There would have been no other differences in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 or Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2018 under previous revenue and cost recognition guidance as compared to Topic 606 and Topic 340.

The following is a description of principal activities, separated by reportable segments (see Note 14), from which the Company generates itsits revenues.

Leasing revenue represents the results from our leasing program, Uniti Leasing, which is engaged in the acquisition of mission-critical communications assets and leasing them back to anchor customers on either an exclusive or shared-tenant basis. Due to the nature of these activities, they are outside the scope of the guidance of Topic 606, and are recognized under other applicable guidance, including ASC ~~840,~~ ~~Leases~~ ~~(“Topic 840”)~~842, and for periods prior to January 1, 2019 ASC 840. See Note 5.

The Fiber Infrastructure segment represents the operations of our fiber business, Uniti Fiber, which provides (i) consumer, enterprise, wholesale and backhaul lit fiber, (ii) E-rate, (iii) small cell, (iv) construction services, (v) dark fiber and (vi) other revenue generating activities.

The Towers segment represents the operations of our towers business, Uniti Towers, through which we acquire and construct tower and tower-related real estate, which we then lease to our customers in the United ~~States and Latin America.~~States. Revenue from our towers business qualifies as a lease under ~~Topic~~ASC 842, and ASC 840 for periods prior to January 1, 2019, and is outside the scope of Topic 606.

The Consumer CLEC segment represents the operations of Talk America Services (“Talk America”) through which we operate the Consumer CLEC Business, which provides local telephone, high-speed internet and long-distance services to customers in the eastern and central United States. Customers are billed monthly for services rendered based on actual usage or contracted amounts. The transaction price is equal to the monthly-recurring charge multiplied by the initial contract term (typically 12 months), plus any non-recurring or variable charges.

	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018		2017⁽¹⁾		2016⁽¹⁾		2019		2018		2017⁽¹⁾
Revenue disaggregated by revenue stream
Revenue from contracts with customers
Fiber Infrastructure
Lit backhaul	$	132,361	$	117,574	$	54,739	$	125,983	$	132,361	$	117,574
Enterprise and wholesale		63,519		36,542		7,140		66,545		63,519		36,542
E-Rate and government		74,752		43,021		8,062		89,430		74,752		43,021
Other		4,492		454		252		2,402		4,492		454
Fiber Infrastructure	$	275,124	$	197,591	$	70,193	$	284,360	$	275,124	$	197,591
Consumer CLEC		13,931		18,087		22,472		10,673		13,931		18,087
Total revenue from contracts with customers		289,055		215,678		92,665		295,033		289,055		215,678
Revenue accounted for under other applicable guidance		728,579		700,354		677,743		762,578		728,579		700,354
Total revenue	$	1,017,634	$	916,032	$	770,408	$	1,057,611	$	1,017,634	$	916,032

At ~~January 1, 2018 and~~ December 31, 2019 and 2018, lease receivables were ~~$10.9~~$28.8 million and $45.5 million, respectively, and receivables from contracts with customers were ~~$31.2~~$48.6 million and $57.1 million, respectively.

Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled construction revenue where we are utilizing our costs incurred as the measure of progress of satisfying our performance obligation. When the contract price is invoiced, the related unbilled receivable is reclassified to trade accounts receivable, where the balance will be settled upon the collection of the invoiced amount. Contract liabilities are generally comprised of upfront fees charged to the customer for the cost of establishing the necessary components of the Company’s network prior to the commencement of use by the customer. Fees charged to customers for the recurring use of the Company’s network are recognized during the related periods of service. Upfront fees that are billed in advance of providing services are deferred until such time the customer accepts the Company’s network and then are recognized as service revenues ratably over a period in which substantive services required under the revenue arrangement are expected to be performed, which is the initial term of the arrangement. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized revenues of $4.7 and $14.7 million, respectively that was included in the December 31, 2018 and January 1, 2018 contract liabilities ~~balance.~~balance, respectively.

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities accounted for under Topic 606.

(Thousands)	Contract Assets		Contract Liabilities		Contract Assets		Contract Liabilities
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	2,490	$	26,256
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	5,540	$	15,473	$	5,540	$	15,473
Balance at December 31, 2019					$	11,535	$	12,717

Performance obligations within contracts to stand ready to provide services are typically satisfied over time or as those services are provided. Contract assets primarily relate to costs incremental to obtaining contracts and contract liabilities primarily relate to deferred revenue from non-recurring charges. The deferred revenue is recognized, and the liability reduced, over the contract term as the Company completes the performance obligation. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our future revenues (i.e. transaction price related to remaining performance obligations) under contract accounted for under Topic 606 totaled ~~$646.7~~$565.5million, of which ~~$572.0~~$467.2 million is related to contracts that are currently being invoiced and have an average remaining contract term of ~~2.7~~2.2 years, while ~~$74.7~~$98.3 million represents our backlog for sales bookings which have yet to be installed and have an average remaining contract term of ~~4.5~~4.9 years.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less.

We exclude from the transaction price any amounts collected from customers for sales taxes and therefore, they are not included in revenue.

We lease communications towers, ground, communications equipment, and dark fiber to tenants under operating leases. Our leases have initial lease terms ranging from five to 20 years, most of which include options to extend or renew the leases for five to 80 years (based on the satisfaction of certain conditions as defined in the lease agreements), and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one to six months. Certain lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases. Payments due under the lease contracts include fixed payments plus, for some of our leases, variable payments.

The components of lease income for the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:

Lease payments to be received under non-cancellable operating leases where we are the lessor for the remainder of the lease terms are as follows:

The underlying assets under operating leases where we are the lessor as of December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense for the underlying assets under operating leases where we are the lessor for the year ended December 31, 2019 is summarized as follows:

We have commitments under operating leases for communications towers, ground, colocation and dark fiber lease arrangements. We also have finance leases for dark fiber lease arrangements and other communications equipment. Our leases have initial lease terms ranging from less than one year to 30 years, most of which includes options to extend or renew the leases for less than one year to 85 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one to six months. Certain lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases. Payments due under the lease contracts include fixed payments plus, for some of our leases, variable payments.

As of December 31, 2019, we have short term lease commitments amounting to approximately $1.2 million, for colocation and dark fiber arrangements.

The components of lease cost are presented within general and administrative expense and operating expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:

Amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for leases where we are the lessee as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

Future lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

Future minimum rental payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2018⁽¹⁾ were as follows:

Future minimum rental payments under capital leases in effect as of December 31, 2018⁽¹⁾ were as follows:

On August 30, 2019, the Company closed on its operating company/property company (“OpCo-PropCo”) transaction with Macquarie Infrastructure Partners (“MIP”) to acquire Bluebird Network, LLC (“Bluebird”). MIP operates within the Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets division of Macquarie Group. Bluebird’s network consists of approximately 178,000 fiber strand miles in the Midwest across Missouri, Kansas, Illinois and Oklahoma. In the transaction, Uniti purchased the Bluebird fiber network and MIP purchased the Bluebird operations. In addition, Uniti sold Uniti Fiber’s Midwest operations to MIP, while Uniti retains its existing Midwest fiber network. Uniti acquired the fiber network of Bluebird for $320.8 million, which included transaction costs of $1.8 million. Uniti funded $175 million in cash and $144 million from pre-paid rent received from MIP at closing. The pre-paid rent is recorded within deferred revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. In connection with the sale of the Company’s Midwest operations, we received total upfront cash of approximately $37 million, including related pre-paid rent received from MIP at closing. Concurrently with the closing of these transactions, Uniti has leased the Bluebird fiber network and its Midwest fiber network on a combined basis to MIP, under a long-term

triple net lease (the “Bluebird Lease”). The Bluebird Lease is reported within the results of our Leasing segment. The Midwest operations that was sold to MIP was previously reported in our Fiber Infrastructure segment.

The acquisition of the Bluebird network was accounted for as an asset acquisition. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company re-evaluated the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and associated useful lives, which resulted in a decrease in the fair value of property, plant and equipment and an increase in the fair value of intangible assets of approximately $3.8 million compared to the amounts reported at September 30, 2019. In addition, the Company capitalized approximately $1.8 million of asset acquisition costs that had been previously been expensed in transaction related and other costs on our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Acquired right of use assets and liabilities of $8.9 million and $3.1 million are recorded within other assets, net and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Of the $175.4 million of intangible assets acquired, $124.7 million is related to rights of way (30 year life) and $50.7 million is related to an in-place lease (20 year life). The Company determined the useful life of the rights of way intangible asset by aligning the useful life of the intangible with that of the underlying fiber assets acquired. The in-place lease will be amortized over the initial 20-year lease term.

Upon the sale of our Midwest operations, we recognized an approximately $2.2 million net loss, which is recorded within other (income) expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. This loss included the allocation of approximately $2.2 million of goodwill. See Note 9.

On May 23, 2019, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of its U.S. ground lease business. During second quarter, we received cash consideration of $30.7 million resulting in a pre-tax gain of $5.0 million. We sold an additional ground lease during the third quarter, receiving cash consideration of $2.9 million.

On April 2, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the Uniti Towers’ Latin America business (“LATAM”) to an entity controlled by Phoenix Towers International for cash consideration of $101.6 million resulting in a pre-tax gain of $23.8 million.

On March 25, 2019, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of JKM Consulting Inc. d/b/a M² Connections (“M²”) for cash consideration of $5.5 million. M² is a dark fiber and internet access provider primarily to educational institutions in Alabama. This acquisition strengthens Uniti Fiber’s relationships with new E-Rate customers. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill of $1.7 million within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. See Note 14. For federal income tax purposes, the transaction was treated as a taxable acquisition. Thus, all of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The financial results of M² are included in the Fiber Infrastructure segment from the date of acquisition and were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our results of operations and therefore, pro forma financial information has not been presented.

On October 19, 2018, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Information Transport Solutions, Inc. (“ITS”) for cash consideration of $58.3 million. ITS is a full-service managed services provider of technology solutions, primarily to educational institutions in Alabama and Florida. This acquisition expands Uniti Fiber’s product offerings and strengthens relationships with new and existing E-Rate customers. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. See Note 14. During the first quarter of 2019, certain contractual working capital adjustments resulted in a $1.3million reduction of the purchase price and goodwill. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

The goodwill arising from the transaction is primarily attributable to strategic opportunities that arose from the acquisition of ITS, including strengthening relationships with new and existing E-Rate customers and anticipated incremental sales and cost savings. For federal income tax purposes, the transaction was treated as a taxable acquisition. Thus, all of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

We acquired an intangible asset that was assigned to customer relationships of $30.3 million (14 year life). The Company determined the useful life for the customer relationship by applying an income approach (using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate commensurate to the risk of the asset) and resulted from two key considerations: attrition rate and cumulative present value of cash flows, including assessing the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to the Company’s future cash flows.

The acquired business contributed revenue of $9.0 million and an operating income of $0.5 million, which excludes transaction related costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2018. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of ITS for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $0.3 million within transaction related and other costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma summary of our financial results as if the ITS acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017. The pro forma results include additional amortization resulting from purchase accounting adjustments related to the intangible asset. The pro forma results do not include any synergies or other benefits of the acquisition. The pro forma results are not indicative of future results of operations, or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated on January 1, 2017.

On July 3, 2017, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Southern Light for $638.1 million in cash and 2.5 million common units in the Operating Partnership with an acquisition date fair value of $64.3 million. Southern Light is a leading provider of data transport services along the Gulf Coast region serving twelve attractive Tier II and Tier III markets across Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. See Note 14. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

During the second quarter of 2018, the purchase price allocation was adjusted to record $0.9 million of deferred tax liabilities that existed at the date of acquisition.

The goodwill arising from the transaction is primarily attributable to the expansion of our fiber network through the complementary nature of Southern Light’s fiber network to our existing fiber network, including anticipated incremental sales and cost savings. For federal income tax purposes, the transaction was treated as partially taxable (for portion paid in cash) and partially non-taxable (for portion paid with common units in the Operating Partnership). The portion of the acquisition that was treated as a taxable acquisition resulted in tax deductible goodwill. No tax deductible goodwill resulted from the portion of the acquisition that was treated as non-taxable.

We acquired an intangible asset that was assigned to customer relationships of $160.1 million (15 year life). The Company determined the useful life for the customer relationship by applying an income approach (using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate commensurate to the risk of the asset) and resulted from two key considerations: attrition rate and cumulative present value of cash flows, including assessing the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to the Company’s future cash flows.

The acquired business contributed revenue of $45.5 million and an operating income of $4.6 million, which excludes transaction related costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2017. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of Southern Light for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $14.8 million within transaction related and other costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The acquisition of Southern Light was structured in a manner such that Southern Light ended up being owned by a subsidiary of ours with a pre-existing valuation allowance primarily related to deferred tax assets associated with net operating loss carryforwards. The acquisition of Southern Light also resulted in a change to our assessment of the need for a valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets, which resulted in a decrease to the valuation allowance of $8.0 million. The decrease in valuation allowance was recorded as an income tax benefit during the year ended December 31, 2017.

During the first quarter of 2018, the purchase price allocation was adjusted to record certain deferred revenues and accrued liabilities that existed at the date of acquisition. Deferred revenue and accrued liabilities increased $2.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

During the second quarter of 2018, the purchase price allocation was adjusted to record $3.2 million of deferred tax liabilities that existed at the date of acquisition.

The goodwill arising from the transaction is primarily attributable to the expansion of our fiber network through the complementary nature of Hunt’s fiber network to our existing fiber network, including anticipated incremental sales and cost savings. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

We acquired an intangible asset that was assigned to customer relationships of $73 million (18 year life). The Company determined the useful life for the customer relationship by applying an income approach (using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate commensurate to the risk of the asset) and resulted from two key considerations: attrition rate and cumulative present value of cash flows, including assessing the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to the Company’s future cash flows.

The acquired business contributed revenue of $16.5 million and an operating income of $2.7 million, which excludes transaction and transition costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2017. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of Hunt for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $5.9 million within transaction related and other costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma summary of our financial results as if the Southern Light and Hunt business combinations had occurred on January 1, 2016. The pro forma results include additional depreciation and amortization resulting from purchase accounting adjustments, and interest expense associated with debt used to fund the acquisition. The pro forma results do not include any synergies or other benefits of the acquisition. The pro forma results are not indicative of future results of operations, or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated on January 1, 2016.

On January 31, 2017, we completed the acquisition of NMS. The Company accounted for the acquisition of NMS as an asset purchase. At close, NMS owned and operated 366 wireless communications towers in Latin America with an additional 105 build to suit tower sites under development. The NMS portfolio spans three Latin American countries with 212 towers in Mexico, 54 towers in Nicaragua, and 100 towers in Colombia. The consideration for the 366 wireless towers in operation as of the transaction close date was $62.6 million, which was funded through cash on hand, and is presented in NMS asset acquisition on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. NMS conducts its operations through three non-U.S. subsidiaries and the Company has determined that the functional currencies for the Mexican, Nicaraguan and Colombian subsidiaries are the Mexican Peso, U.S. Dollar and Colombian Peso, respectively. The non-U.S. subsidiaries in which NMS conducts its operations are subject to income tax in the jurisdictions in which they operate. The acquisition did not result in a step up in tax basis under local law. The Company recorded a net deferred tax liability of $18.4 million and a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $5.3 million in connection with the acquisition. The deferred tax liability is primarily related to the excess of the recorded amounts for Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangibles over their respective historical tax bases. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we will acquire the towers under development when construction is completed. The NMS towers are reflected in our Towers segment. See Note 14. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

Of the $52.4 million of acquired intangible assets, $37.4 million was assigned to tenant contracts (22 year life), $13.5 million was assigned to network (22 year life) and $1.5 million was assigned to acquired above-market leases (10 year life). The acquired below-market lease intangible liability of $3.4 million has a 10 year life. See Note 9.

As ~~of December 31, 2018, we have acquired 89~~discussed above, the Company completed the sale of the ~~105 towers that were under development at the time of the NMS acquisition, and 16 of the development towers were cancelled and will not be completed and purchased.~~

On October 19, 2018, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Information Transport Solutions, Inc. (“ITS”) for cash consideration of $59.6 million. ITS is a full-service managed services provider of technology solutions, primarily to educational institutions in Alabama and Florida. This acquisition expands Uniti ~~Fiber’s product offerings and strengthens relationships with new and existing E-Rate customers. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based~~Towers’ Latin America business on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. ~~See~~ ~~Note 14. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed~~ ~~as of the acquisition date:~~

The above purchase price allocation is considered preliminary and is subject to revision when the valuation of assets and liabilities is finalized upon receipt of the final valuation report from a third party valuation specialist, and resolution of contractual adjustments, such as working capital adjustments, set forth in the merger agreement, which is anticipated to be finalized during the first half ofApril 2, 2019.

On July 3, 2017, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Southern Light for $638.1 million in cash and 2.5 million common units in the Operating Partnership with an acquisition date fair value of $64.3 million. Southern Light is a leading provider of data transport services along the Gulf Coast region serving twelve attractive Tier II and Tier III markets across Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. ~~See~~ ~~Note 14. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed~~ ~~as of the acquisition date:~~

~~During the second quarter of 2018, the purchase price allocation was adjusted to record $0.9 million of deferred tax liabilities that existed at the date of acquisition.~~

On July 3, 2017, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Hunt for $129.3 million in cash and 1.6 million common units in the Operating Partnership with an acquisition date fair value of $41.6 million. Additional contingent consideration of up to $17 million, with an acquisition date fair value of $16.4 million, may be paid upon the achievement of certain financial revenue milestones by delivering shares of our common stock. ~~See~~ ~~Note 6~~. Hunt is a leading provider of data transport to K-12 schools and government agencies with a dense fiber network in Louisiana. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. ~~See~~ ~~Note 14. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:~~

~~During the second quarter of 2018, the purchase price allocation was adjusted to record $3.2 million of deferred tax liabilities that existed at the date of acquisition.~~

The goodwill arising from the transaction is primarily attributable to the expansion of our fiber network through the complementary nature of Hunt’s fiber network to our existing fiber network, including anticipated incremental sales and cost savings. ~~The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.~~

~~On August~~ 31, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Tower Cloud, Inc. (“Tower Cloud”) for $187.5 million in cash and 1.9 million shares of our common stock with an acquisition date fair value of $58.5 million. Additional contingent consideration of up to $130 million, with an acquisition date fair value of $98.6 million, may be paid upon the achievement of certain defined operational and financial milestones. ~~At the Company’s discretion, a combination of cash and Uniti common shares may be used to satisfy the contingent consideration payments, provided that at least 50~~% of the aggregate amount of payments is satisfied in cash. Tower Cloud provides data transport services, with particular focus on providing infrastructure solutions to the wireless and enterprise sectors, including fiber-to-the-tower backhaul, small cell networks, and dark fiber deployments. Following the close of the transaction, the Tower Cloud business and the previously acquired PEG Bandwidth business were combined into a unified fiber infrastructure organization, Uniti Fiber. The operating results from this acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. ~~See~~ ~~Note 14. During the first quarter of 2017, certain contractual working capital adjustments resulted in a $0.2 million reduction of the purchase~~ ~~price and goodwill. The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:~~

The goodwill is primarily attributable to strategic opportunities that arose from the acquisition of Tower Cloud. The acquisition was treated as a taxable acquisition of the outstanding stock of Tower Cloud, Inc. Thus, none of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

We acquired an intangible asset that was assigned to customer relationships of $116.2 million (30 year life). The Company determined the useful life for the customer relationship by applying an income approach (using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate commensurate to the risk of the asset) and resulted from two key

~~considerations: attrition rate and cumulative present value of cash flows, including assessing the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to the Company’s future cash flows.~~

Tower Cloud had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $81.2 million at the date of the acquisition, which will expire between 2026 and 2036. As a result of the change in ownership, the utilization of NOL carryforwards is subject to limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. The gross deferred tax assets associated with the NOL and other temporary differences as of August 31, 2016 were approximately $37.0 million. A net deferred tax liability of $24.8 million was recorded in connection with the acquisition, which is primarily related to the excess of the recorded amounts for Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets over their respective historical tax bases.

The acquired business contributed revenue of $13.5 million and an operating loss of $2.1 million, which excludes transaction and transition costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2016. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of Tower Cloud for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $9.1 million within transaction related costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma summary of our financial results as if the business combination had occurred as of the Spin-Off. The pro forma results include additional depreciation and amortization resulting from purchase accounting adjustments, adjustments to amortized deferred revenue, and interest expense associated with debt used to fund the acquisition. The pro forma results do not include any synergies or other benefits of the acquisition. The pro forma results are not indicative of future results of operations, or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated ~~as of the Spin-Off~~.

On May 2, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of PEG Bandwidth for $322.5 million in cash, the issuance of 87,500 shares of our 3.00% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Shares”) with a fair value of $78.6 million and 1 million shares of our common stock with an acquisition date fair value of $23.2 million. PEG Bandwidth is a leading provider of infrastructure solutions, including cell site backhaul and dark fiber, to the telecommunications industry. The operating results from this acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The acquisition was recorded by allocating the costs of the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired is recorded as goodwill within our Fiber Infrastructure segment. ~~See~~ ~~Note 14. The following~~ ~~is a summary of the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:~~

~~The goodwill is primarily attributable to strategic opportunities that arose from the acquisition of PEG Bandwidth. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.~~

Of the $38 million of acquired intangible assets, $36 million was assigned to customer relationships (weighted average 17 year life) and $2 million was assigned to trademarks (indefinite life). The Company determined the useful life for the customer relationship by applying an income approach (using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate commensurate to the risk of the asset) and resulted from two key considerations: attrition rate and cumulative present value of cash flows, including assessing the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to the Company’s future cash flows.

The acquired business contributed revenue of $57.0 million and an operating loss of $8.8 million, which excludes transaction and transition costs, to our consolidated results from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2016. We recorded transaction related costs related to the acquisition of PEG Bandwidth for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $11.2 million within transaction related costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

~~The following table presents the unaudited pro forma summary of our financial results as if the business combination had occurred~~ ~~as of the Spin-Off~~. The pro forma results include additional depreciation and amortization resulting from purchase accounting adjustments, adjustments to amortized deferred revenue, and interest expense associated with debt used to fund the acquisition. The pro forma results do not include any synergies or other benefits of the acquisition. The pro forma results are not indicative of future results of operations, or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of the Spin-Off.

On January 22, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Summit Wireless Infrastructure LLC (“Summit”). Summit builds, owns and operates telecommunication infrastructure serving wireless carriers in Mexico. Consideration given to acquire Summit included performance-based shares of common equity valued at $1.1 million, which will vest in full on the third anniversary of the closing date, subject to Summit meeting certain performance targets, and the assumption of Summit’s existing debt. The financial results of Summit are included in the Towers segment from the date of acquisition and were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our results of operations and therefore, pro forma financial information has not been presented.

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of inputs utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair values. This hierarchy establishes market-based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the assessment date

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, derivative instruments, contingent consideration, our outstanding notes and other debt, and accounts, interest and dividends payable.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our financial instruments at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, and accounts, interest and dividends payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

The total principal balance of our Notes and other debt was ~~$5.0~~$5.23 billion at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, with a fair value of ~~$4.5~~$4.89 billion. The estimated fair value of the Notes and other debt was based on available external pricing data and

current market rates for similar debt instruments, among other factors, which are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value. See Note 8.9. The fair value of our interest rate swap is determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows using observable, quoted LIBOR swap rates for the full term of the swap and also incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both Uniti 's own non-performance risk and non-performance risk of the respective counterparties. The Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative instruments fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; however the associated credit valuation adjustments utilized Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustment is not significant to the overall value of the derivatives. As such, the Company classifies its derivative instruments valuation in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Given the limited trade activity of the Exchangeable Notes, the fair value of the Exchangeable Notes (see Note 11) is determined based on inputs that are observable in the market and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Specifically, we estimated the fair value of the Exchangeable Notes based on readily available external pricing information, quoted market prices, and current market rates for similar convertible debt instruments.

As part of the acquisition of Hunt on July 3, 2017, we may be obligated to pay contingent consideration (the “Hunt Contingent Consideration”) upon the achievement of certain defined revenue ~~milestones; therefore, we have recorded the estimated fair value of contingent consideration of approximately $10.0 million as of December 31, 2018.~~ ~~See~~ ~~Note 5. In accordance with the Hunt merger agreement, Uniti common shares will be used to satisfy the contingent consideration payment.~~milestones. The fair value of the Hunt Contingent Consideration ~~at December 31, 2018~~ was determined using the closing price of our common shares in the active market and probability ~~estimates~~ of ~~future earnings~~expected dividends and is classified as Level 3. On January 4, 2019, we settled the Hunt Contingent Consideration in full satisfaction of the obligation through the issuance of 645,385 common shares having a fair value of $11.2 million.

As part of the acquisition of Tower Cloud on August 31, 2016, we may be obligated to pay contingent consideration upon achievement of certain defined operational and financial milestones; therefore, we recorded the estimated fair value of future contingent consideration of ~~$73.4~~$11.5 million as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The fair value of the contingent consideration as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, was determined using a discounted cash flow model and probability adjusted estimates of the operational milestones and is classified as Level 3. During the ~~year~~years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we paid ~~$18.6~~$29.6 million and $32.3 million, respectively, for the achievement of certain milestones in accordance with the Tower Cloud merger agreement.

Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration will be recorded in our Consolidated Statement of Income in the period in which the change occurs. For the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there was a ~~$3.7~~$28.5 million decrease in the fair value of the contingent consideration that was recorded in Other (income) expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following is a roll forward of our liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3):

(Thousands)		December 31, 2017				Transfers into Level 3				(Gain)/Loss included in earnings				Settlements				December 31, 2018				December 31, 2018				Transfers into Level 3				(Gain)/Loss included in earnings				Settlements				December 31, 2019
Contingent consideration		$	105,762			$	—			$	(3,721	)		$	(18,640	)		$	83,401			$	83,401			$	—			$	(28,463	)		$	(43,431	)		$	11,507

(Thousands)	Depreciable Lives	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			Depreciable Lives	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Land	Indefinite	$	29,304		$	27,110		Indefinite	$	28,337		$	29,304
Building and improvements	3 - 40 years		340,238			333,121		3 - 40 years		355,225			340,238
Real property interests	See Note 3		34,878			34,580		See Note 3		3,308			34,878
Poles	30 years		248,989			243,710		30 years		258,535			248,989
Fiber	30 years		3,005,304			2,671,216		30 years		3,456,398			3,005,304
Equipment	5 - 7 years		256,838			201,490		5 - 7 years		293,427			256,838
Copper	20 years		3,721,649			3,656,384		20 years		3,792,366			3,721,649
Conduit	30 years		89,692			91,210		30 years		89,770			89,692
Tower assets	20 years		120,073			59,610		20 years		170,063			120,073
Capital lease assets	See Note 3		123,017			93,465
Finance lease assets								See Note 3		129,900			123,017
Construction in progress	See Note 3		137,585			112,489		See Note 3		89,007			137,585
Other assets	15 - 20 years		11,524			10,232		15 - 20 years		11,591			11,524
Corporate assets	3 - 7 years		4,214			7,970		3 - 7 years		5,552			4,214
			8,123,305			7,542,587				8,683,479			8,123,305
Less accumulated depreciation			(4,914,299	)		(4,488,698	)			(5,273,534	)		(4,914,299	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		$	3,209,006		$	3,053,889			$	3,409,945		$	3,209,006

~~Capital~~Finance lease assets above represent fiber leases, where we have the exclusive, unrestricted, and indefeasible right to use one, a pair, or more strands of fiber of a fiber cable.

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 ~~and 2016~~ was ~~$425.2~~$377.3 million, $~~415.9~~425.2 million and ~~$369.9~~$415.9 million, respectively.

The Company uses derivative instruments to mitigate the effects of interest rate volatility inherent in our variable rate debt, which could unfavorably impact our future earnings and forecasted cash flows. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

We are party to interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in our variable rate Senior Secured Term Loan B facility. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and have a notional value of ~~$2.07~~$2.04 billion and mature on October 24, 2022. The weighted average fixed rate paid is 2.105%, and the variable rate received resets monthly to the one-month LIBOR subject to a minimum rate of 1.0%. The Company does not currently have any master netting arrangements related to its derivative contracts.

The following table summarizes the fair value and the presentation in our Consolidated Balance Sheet:

(Thousands)

Location on Consolidated

Balance Sheet

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Location on Consolidated

Balance Sheet

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Interest rate swaps

Derivative asset

31,043

6,793

Derivative asset

31,043

Interest rate swaps

Derivative liability

23,679

As of December 31, 2019, all of the interest rate swaps were valued in net unrealized loss positions and recognized as a liability balance within the derivative liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ all of the interest rate swaps were valued in net unrealized gain positions and recognized as an asset balance within the derivative asset ~~balance~~ on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, the amount recorded in other comprehensive income related to the ~~unrealized gain on~~ derivative instruments was ~~$21.6~~ $51.3 million unrealized loss, $~~7.7~~21.6 million unrealized gain and ~~$24.5~~$7.7 million unrealized gain, respectively. The amount

reclassified out of other comprehensive income into interest expense on our Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $3.3 million interest benefit, $2.6 million interest expense and ~~2016 was $2.6~~ $20.6 million ~~$20.6 million and $23.8 million,~~

interest expense, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, there were no0 ineffective portions of the change in fair value derivatives.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable-rate debt. ~~During~~

As result of the ~~next twelve months, ending December 31, 2019, we estimate~~repayment of the Company’s term loan facility in February of 2020 (see Note 22), the Company entered into receive-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Replacement Swaps”) to offset its existing pay-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Existing Swaps”) that ~~$4.1 million~~were designated as cash flow hedges of interest payments initially associated with the term loan facility. On February 10, 2020, the Company discontinued hedge accounting on its Existing Swaps as the hedge accounting requirements were no longer met. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income associated with the Existing Swaps as of the date of dedesignation, will be reclassified ~~as a decrease~~ to interest ~~expense.~~expense as the hedged interest payments impact earnings. The net effect of these offsetting interest rate swaps will result in a monthly cash outflow of approximately $1.1 million through October 2022.

On June 25, 2019, concurrently with the pricing of the Exchangeable Notes (see Note 10), and on June 27, 2019, concurrently with the exercise by the Initial Purchasers (as defined below) of their option to purchase additional Exchangeable Notes, Uniti Fiber, the issuer of the Exchangeable Notes, entered into the Note Hedge Transactions with certain of the Counterparties. The Note Hedge Transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Exchangeable Notes, the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock that initially underlie the Exchangeable Notes in the aggregate and are exercisable upon exchange of the Exchangeable Notes. The Note Hedge Transactions have an initial strike price that corresponds to the initial exchange price of the Exchangeable Notes, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Exchangeable Notes. The Note Hedge Transactions will expire upon the maturity of the Exchangeable Notes, if not earlier exercised. The Note Hedge Transactions are intended to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any exchange of the Exchangeable Notes and/or offset any cash payments Uniti Fiber is required to make in excess of the principal amount of exchanged Exchangeable Notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market value per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the Note Hedge Transactions, at the time of exercise is greater than the strike price of the Note Hedge Transactions.

The Note Hedge Transactions are separate transactions, entered into by Uniti Fiber with the Counterparties, and are not part of the terms of the Exchangeable Notes. Holders of the Exchangeable Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Note Hedge Transactions. Uniti Fiber used approximately $70.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Exchangeable Notes to pay the cost of the Note Hedge Transactions. The Note Hedge Transactions meet certain accounting criteria under GAAP and are recorded in additional paid-in capital on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, are not accounted for as derivatives that are remeasured each reporting period.

On June 25, 2019, concurrently with the pricing of the Exchangeable Notes, and on June 27, 2019 concurrently with the exercise by the Initial Purchasers of their option to purchase additional Exchangeable Notes, the Company entered into warrant transactions to sell to the Counterparties Warrants to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, up to approximately 27.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of approximately $16.42 per share. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that could be issued pursuant to the Warrants is approximately 55.5 million. The Company offered and sold the Warrants in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). If the market value per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the Warrants, at the time of exercise exceeds the strike price of the Warrants, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company’s common stock unless, subject to the terms of the Warrants, the Company elects to cash settle the Warrants. The Warrants will expire over a period beginning in September 2024.

The Warrants are separate transactions, entered into by the Company with the Counterparties, and are not part of the terms of the Exchangeable Notes. Holders of the Exchangeable Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Warrants. The Company received approximately $50.8 million from the offering and sale of the Warrants. The Warrants meet certain accounting criteria under GAAP, and are recorded in additional paid-in capital on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, are not accounted for as derivatives that are remeasured each reporting period.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill occurring during the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, are as follows:

(Thousands)	Fiber Infrastructure			Total			Fiber Infrastructure			Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2016	$	262,334		$	262,334
Goodwill purchase accounting adjustments		(248	)		(248	)
Goodwill associated with 2017 acquisitions		411,643			411,643
Goodwill at December 31, 2017		673,729			673,729		$	673,729		$	673,729
Goodwill purchase accounting adjustments		7,446			7,446			7,446			7,446
Goodwill associated with 2018 acquisitions		11,210			11,210			11,210			11,210
Goodwill at December 31, 2018		692,385			692,385			692,385			692,385
Goodwill purchase accounting adjustments								(1,269	)		(1,269	)
Goodwill associated with 2019 acquisitions and dispositions, net								(444	)		(444	)
Goodwill at December 31, 2019							$	690,672		$	690,672

(Thousands)	December 31, 2018									December 31, 2017								December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Cost			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Accumulated Amortization			Cost			Cumulative Translation Adjustment		Accumulated Amortization			Cost			Cumulative Translation Adjustment		Accumulated Amortization			Cost			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Accumulated Amortization
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trade name	$	2,000		$	-		$	-		$	2,000		$	-	$	-		$	2,000		$	-	$	-		$	2,000		$	-		$	-

Finite life intangible assets:
Customer lists		451,997			-			(69,393	)		421,743			-		(46,049	)		450,603			-		(93,794	)		451,997			-			(69,393	)
In-place lease																			50,705					(845	)		-			-			-
Tenant contracts		37,386			411			(3,293	)		37,386			1,141		(1,605	)		-			-		-			37,386			411			(3,293	)
Network⁽¹⁾		13,541			144			(1,192	)		13,541			410		(581	)
Network(1)																			-			-		-			13,541			144			(1,192	)
Rights of Way																			124,696			-		(1,386	)		-			-			-
Acquired below-market leases		1,509			-			(289	)		1,509			-		(138	)		-			-		-			1,509			-			(289	)

Total intangible assets		506,988									477,730								628,004								506,988
Less: Accumulated amortization		(74,167	)								(48,373	)							(96,025	)							(74,167	)
Total intangible assets, net	$	432,821								$	429,357							$	531,979							$	432,821

Finite life intangible liabilities:
Acquired above-market leases	$	3,440		$	(182	)	$	(624	)	$	3,440		$	15	$	(317	)	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	3,440		$	(182	)	$	(624	)

Total intangible liabilities		3,258									3,455								-								3,258
Less: Accumulated amortization		(624	)								(317	)							-								(624	)
Total intangible liabilities, net⁽²⁾	$	2,634								$	3,138							$	-							$	2,634

The Company has commenced a wind down of our Consumer CLEC Business, estimated to be completed during the second quarter of 2020. As such, we have accelerated the amortization of the related customer list intangible asset. As of December 31, 2019, the CLEC customer list intangible list asset had a carrying value of $0.8 million.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the remaining weighted average amortization period of the Company’s intangible assets was ~~18.3~~ ~~years.~~20.4 years. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~and 2016~~ was ~~$25.5~~$27.2 million, $~~18.3~~$25.5 million and $~~6.1~~18.3 million, respectively. Amortization expense is estimated to be ~~$26.6 million in 2019, $26.1~~$31.4 million in 2020, ~~$25.6~~$30.6 million in 2021, ~~$25.2~~$29.6 million in 2022, ~~and $25.1~~$29.5 million in ~~2023.~~2023 and $29.5 million in 2024.

All debt, including the senior secured credit facility and notes described below, are obligations of the Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries as discussed below. The Company is, however, a guarantor of such debt.

(Thousands)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Principal amount	$	4,965,808		$	4,626,887		$	5,224,747		$	4,965,808
Less unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs		(119,575	)		(144,190	)		(207,068	)		(119,575	)
Notes and other debt less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	$	4,846,233		$	4,482,697		$	5,017,679		$	4,846,233

Notes and other debt at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2018					December 31, 2017					December 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
(Thousands)	Principal		Unamortized Discount, Premium and Debt Issuance Costs			Principal		Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs			Principal		Unamortized Discount, Premium and Debt Issuance Costs			Principal		Unamortized Discount, Premium and Debt Issuance Costs
Senior secured term loan B - variable rate, due October 24, 2022 (discount is based on imputed interest rate of 5.66%)	$	2,065,808	$	(70,337	)	$	2,086,887	$	(87,140	)	$	2,044,728	$	(74,523	)	$	2,065,808	$	(70,337	)
Senior secured notes - 6.00%, due April 15, 2023 (discount is based on imputed interest rate of 6.29%)		550,000		(7,116	)		550,000		(8,508	)
Senior secured notes - 6.00%, due April 15, 2023 (discount is based on imputed interest rate of 6.49%)												550,000		(5,633	)		550,000		(7,116	)
Senior unsecured notes - 8.25%, due October 15, 2023 (discount is based on imputed interest rate of 9.06%)		1,110,000		(34,900	)		1,110,000		(40,467	)		1,110,000		(28,808	)		1,110,000		(34,900	)
Senior unsecured notes - 7.125%, due December 15, 2024		600,000		(7,222	)		600,000		(8,075	)
Senior secured revolving credit facility, variable rate, due April 24, 2020		640,000		-			280,000		-
Senior unsecured notes - 7.125%, due December 15, 2024 (discount is based on imputed interest rate of 7.38%)												600,000		(6,304	)		600,000		(7,222	)
Exchangeable senior unsecured notes - 4.00%, due June 15, 2024 (discount is based on imputed interest rate of 11.1%)												345,000		(85,272	)		-		-
Senior secured revolving credit facility, variable rate, due April 24, 2022												575,019		(6,528	)		640,000		-
Total	$	4,965,808		(119,575	)	$	4,626,887	$	(144,190	)	$	5,224,747		(207,068	)	$	4,965,808	$	(119,575	)

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, notes and other debt included the following: (i) ~~$2.1~~$2.05 billion under the senior secured term loan B facility that matures on October 24, 2022 (“Term Loan Facility”) pursuant to the credit agreement by and among the ~~Operating Partnership, CSL Capital, LLC and Uniti Group Finance Inc.~~Borrowers (as defined below), the guarantors and lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Credit Agreement”); (ii) $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.00% Senior Secured Notes due April 15, 2023 (the ~~“Secured~~“2023 Secured Notes”); (iii) $1.11 billion aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Unsecured Notes due October 15, 2023 (the “2023 Notes”); ~~and~~ (iv) $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due December 15, 2024 (the “2024 Notes”); (v) $345 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due June 15, 2024 (the “Exchangeable Notes”) and ~~together with the Secured Notes and 2023 Notes, the “Notes”), and (v) $640.0~~$575 million under the senior secured revolving credit facility, variable rate, that matures April 24, ~~2020~~2022 pursuant

to the Credit Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Facilities”).

~~During 2017, the Company completed its reorganization (the “up-REIT Reorganization”) to operate through a customary “up-REIT” structure. Under this structure,~~ On February 10, 2020, the Operating Partnership ~~now holds substantially~~and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior secured notes due 2025 (the “2025 Secured Notes”) and used the proceeds from the offering to repay all $2.05 billion of ~~the Company’s assets~~outstanding term loans under our senior secured credit facilities and ~~is the parent company~~to repay approximately $156.7 million of ~~among others,~~revolving loans (and terminated related commitments of approximately $157.6 million).

Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance 2019 Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC Uniti Group Finance Inc. and Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. In connection with the up-REIT Reorganization, the Operating Partnership replaced the Company and assumed its obligations as an obligor under the Notes and Facilities. The Company subsequently became a guarantor of the Notes and Facilities. Because the Operating Partnership is not a corporation, a corporate co-obligor that is a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership was also added to the Notes and Credit Agreement as part of the up-REIT Reorganization. As discussed below, Uniti Group Finance Inc. is the corporate co-obligor under the Credit Agreement and co-issuer of the Secured Notes and the 2023 Notes, and Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. is the co-issuer of the 2024 Notes. Separate financial statements of the Operating Partnership have not been included since the Operating Partnership is not a registrant.

~~The Operating Partnership and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CSL Capital, LLC, and Uniti Group Finance Inc. (collectively, the~~(the “Borrowers”) are party to the Credit Agreement, which ~~provides~~as of December 31, 2019, provided for the Term Loan Facility (in an initial principal amount of $2.14 billion) and the Revolving Credit ~~Facility. The~~Facility (in an aggregate principal amount of up to $750 million). On February 10, 2020, in connection with the issuance of the 2025 Secured Notes and the effectiveness of the Sixth Amendment described below, the Borrowers repaid all $2.05 billion of outstanding term loans ~~were repriced on February 9, 2017~~ and ~~now bear interest at a rate~~repaid approximately $156.7 million of revolving loans (and terminated related commitments in an amount equal to ~~LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor, plus an applicable margin equal to 3.00%, and are subject to amortization of 1.0% per annum.~~ $157.6 million). See Note 22.

All obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by (i) the Company and (ii) certain of the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers and the Subsidiary Guarantors, which assets also secure the Secured Notes.

The Revolving Credit Facility presently bears interest at a rate equal to ~~LIBOR~~either a base rate plus ~~1.75%~~an applicable margin ranging from 3.75% to ~~2.25%~~4.25% or a eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 4.75% to 5.25%, in each case, calculated in a customary manner and determined based on our consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. On April 28, 2017, we amended the Credit Agreement to increase the commitments under our Revolving Credit Facility from $500 million to $750 million. Other terms of the Revolving Credit Facility remain unchanged.ratio.

The Borrowers are subject to customary covenants under the Credit Agreement, including an obligation to maintain a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, not to exceed 5.00 to 1.00. We are permitted, subject to customary conditions, to incur (i) incremental term loan borrowings and/or increased commitments under the Credit Agreement in an unlimited amount, so long as, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to any such borrowings or increases, our consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, does not exceed 4.00 to 1.00 and (ii) other indebtedness, so long as, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to any such indebtedness, our consolidated total leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, does not exceed 6.50 to 1.00 and, if such debt is secured, our consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, does not exceed 4.00 to 1.00. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including a cross default provision whereby the failure of the Borrowers or certain of their subsidiaries to make payments under other debt obligations, or the occurrence of certain events affecting those other borrowing arrangements, could trigger an obligation to repay any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement. In particular, a repayment obligation could be triggered if (i) the Borrowers or certain of their subsidiaries fail to make a payment when due of any principal or interest on any other indebtedness aggregating $75.0 million or more, or (ii) an event occurs that causes, or would permit the holders of any other indebtedness aggregating $75.0 million or more to cause, such indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Borrowers were in compliance with all of the covenants under the Credit Agreement. However, we would be in breach of the requirement to deliver audited financial statements without a going concern opinion if we ~~were~~are unable to provide ~~2018~~2019 audited financial statements without a going concern opinion to ~~the~~ lenders under our Credit Agreement by March ~~31, 2019.~~

On March 18, 2019, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our 2018 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with the fourth amendment (the “Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement. During the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy, or at such earlier time when certain other conditions are specified, the Amendment generally limits our ability under the Credit Agreement to (i) prepay

unsecured indebtedness and (ii) pay cash dividends in excess of 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. The Amendment also increases the interest rate on our Term Loan Facility, which will now bear a rate of LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor, plus an applicable margin equal to 5.0%, a 200 basis point increase over our previous rate. This increase will be in effect though the remaining term of the facility, which matures on October 24, 2022.30, 2020.

A termination of the Master Lease would result in an “event of default” under the Credit Agreement if a replacement lease was not entered into within ninety (90) calendar days and we do not maintain pro forma compliance with a consolidated secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of 5.00 to 1.00.

On March 18, 2019, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our 2018 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with the fourth amendment (the “Fourth Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement. During the pendency of Windstream’s bankruptcy, the Fourth Amendment generally limits our ability under the Credit Agreement to (i) prepay unsecured indebtedness and (ii) pay cash dividends in excess of 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains.

On June 24, 2019, we entered into an amendment (the “Fifth Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date of $575.9 million of commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility to April 24, 2022 and to pay down approximately $101.6 million of outstanding revolving loans and terminate the related commitments. The maturity date of approximately $72.4 million of other commitments was not extended. On June 28, 2019, the Company repaid approximately $174.0 million in total borrowings, which consisted of the $101.6 million required repayment pursuant to the Fifth Amendment and $72.4 million of non-extended borrowings, thereby terminating the non-extended commitments. As a result, all remaining $575.9 million of commitments will terminate on April 24, 2022, at which time all outstanding borrowings must be repaid. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of Exchangeable Notes described below to fund the repayments.

On February 10, 2020, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our 2019 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with an amendment (the “Sixth Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement. In addition to the restrictions imposed by the Fourth Amendment discussed above, which remain effective, the Sixth Amendment also limits the ability of our non-guarantor subsidiaries to incur indebtedness. The Sixth Amendment increased the interest rate on our revolving facility by 100 bps for each applicable rate. As amended, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to either a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 3.75% to 4.25% or a eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 4.75% to 5.25%, in each case, calculated in a customary manner and determined based on our consolidated secured leverage ratio. See Note 22.

The Borrowers, as co-issuers, have outstanding $550 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Secured Notes, of which $400 million was originally issued on April 24, 2015 at an issue price of 100% of par value and the remaining $150 million was issued on June 9, 2016 at an issue price of 99.25% of the par value as an add-on to the existing Secured Notes. The Borrowers, as co-issuers, also have outstanding $1.11 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes that were originally issued on April 24, 2015 at an issue price of 97.055% of par value. The 2023 Secured Notes and the 2023 Notes are guaranteed by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors.

The Operating Partnership and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CSL Capital, LLC and Uniti Fiber, ~~Holdings Inc.,~~ as co-issuers, have outstanding $600 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes, of which $400 million was originally issued on December 15, 2016 at an issue price of 100% of par value and the remaining $200 million of which was issued on May 8, 2017 at an issue price of 100.50% of par value under a separate indenture and was mandatorily exchanged on August 11, 2017 for 2024 Notes issued as “additional notes” under the indenture governing the 2024 Notes. The 2024 Notes are guaranteed by the Company, Uniti Group Finance Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors.

T~~he failure~~On February 10, 2020, the Operating Partnership, CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Finance 2019 Inc. and Uniti Fiber, as co-issuers, issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Secured Notes at an issue price of 100% of par value. See Note 22.

On June 28, 2019, Uniti Fiber, a subsidiary of the Company, issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes. The Exchangeable Notes are senior unsecured notes and are guaranteed by the Company and each of the Company’s subsidiaries (other than Uniti Fiber) that is an issuer, obligor or guarantor under the Company’s Notes. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019. The Exchangeable Notes are

exchangeable into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at Uniti Fiber’s election, subject to ~~provide 2018 financial statements without a going concern opinion~~limitations under the Company's Credit Agreement. The Exchangeable Notes will mature on June 15, 2024, unless earlier exchanged, redeemed or repurchased.

Uniti Fiber issued the Exchangeable Notes pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 28, 2019 (the “Indenture”), among Uniti Fiber, the Company, the other guarantors party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee. Prior to the ~~lenders under our Credit Agreement by~~close of business on the business day immediately preceding March ~~31, 2019 would constitute a breach~~15, 2024, the Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable only upon satisfaction of certain conditions and during certain periods described in the Indenture, and thereafter, the Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable on the terms set forth in the Indenture into cash, shares of the ~~covenants of our~~Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at Uniti Fiber’s election, subject to limitations under the Company's Credit Agreement and, absent the waiver by our lenders, would constitute an immediate event of default. If any event of default were to occur under our Credit Agreement and the Credit Agreement’s administrative agent declares all outstanding loans immediately due and payable, such an acceleration would trigger cross-default provisions within the indentures governing our senior notes and thereby entitle the trustee and noteholders to accelerate the repaymentAgreement. The exchange rate is initially 80.4602 shares of the ~~Secured~~Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Exchangeable Notes (equivalent to an initial exchange price of approximately $12.43 per share of the Company’s common stock). The exchange rate is subject to adjustment in some circumstances as described in the Indenture. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or Uniti Fiber’s delivery of a notice of redemption, Uniti Fiber will increase, in certain circumstances, the exchange rate for a holder who elects to exchange its Exchangeable Notes in connection with such corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be.

If Uniti Fiber or the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), subject to certain conditions, holders may require Uniti Fiber to repurchase for cash all or part of their Exchangeable Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date.

Uniti Fiber may redeem all or a portion of the Exchangeable Notes, at any time, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, if the Company’s board of directors determines such redemption is necessary to preserve the Company's status as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Uniti Fiber may not otherwise redeem the Exchangeable Notes prior to June 20, 2022. On or after June 20, 2022 and prior to the 42nd scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the exchange price for the Exchangeable Notes for certain specified periods, Uniti Fiber may redeem all or a portion of the Exchangeable Notes at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.

On June 28, 2019, Uniti Fiber, the Company and Barclays Capital Inc., on behalf of the initial purchasers involved in the offering of the Exchangeable Notes (the “Initial Purchasers”), entered into a registration rights agreement with respect to the Company’s common stock deliverable upon exchange of the Exchangeable Notes (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company has agreed to file a shelf registration statement to register the resale of the common stock of the Company deliverable upon exchange of the Exchangeable Notes. The Company has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such shelf registration statement to become effective on or prior to the 365th day after the issue date of the Exchangeable Notes.

Under GAAP, certain convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion are required to be separately accounted for as liability and equity components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer’s non-convertible debt borrowing rate. Accordingly, in accounting for the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes, the ~~2023~~Company separated the Exchangeable Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature.

The carrying amount of the equity component, which is recognized as a debt discount, represents the difference between the proceeds from the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes and the ~~2024~~fair value of the liability component of the Exchangeable Notes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount will

be amortized to interest expense using an effective interest rate of 11.1% over the term of the Exchangeable Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

Debt issuance costs related to the Exchangeable Notes were comprised of commissions payable to the Initial Purchasers of $10.4 million and third-party costs of approximately $1.4 million.

In accounting for the debt issuance costs related to the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components based on their relative values. Debt issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as a contra-liability and are presented net against the Exchangeable Notes balance on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Exchangeable Notes. Debt issuance costs of $2.9 million attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity, which netted to $80.8 million.

Deferred financing costs were incurred in connection with the issuance of the Notes and the Facilities. These costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the related indebtedness, and are included in interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, we recognized $16.2 million, $14.7 million ~~$13.6 million~~ and ~~$7.8~~$13.6 million of non-cash interest expense, respectively, related to the amortization of deferred financing costs.

Aggregate annual maturities of our long-term obligations at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 are as follows:

(Thousands)
2019	$	21,080
2020		661,080	$	21,080
2021		21,080		21,080
2022		2,002,568		2,577,587
2023		1,660,000		1,660,000
2024				945,000
Thereafter		600,000		-
Total	$	4,965,808	$	5,224,747

~~As discussed in Note 7, we have acquired property pursuant to capital leases. At December 31, 2018, future minimum lease payments under capital lease obligations are as follows:~~

The Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Uniti Group Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Awards issuable under the Equity Plan include incentive stock options, “non-qualified” stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares, restricted shares, and restricted stock units.

During the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company granted ~~396,705~~833,448 shares of restricted stock to employees, which had a fair value of ~~$5.5~~$12.5 million as of the date of grant. We calculate the grant date fair value of non-vested shares of restricted stock awards using the closing sale prices on the trading day on the grant date. The restricted stock awards are amortized on a straight-line basis to expense over the vesting period, which is generally three years. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~4,724,876~~3,965,734 shares available for future issuance under the Equity Plan. The following table sets forth the number of unvested restricted stock awards and the weighted-average fair value of these awards at the date of grant:


	Restricted Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date		Aggregate Intrinsic Value⁽¹⁾($000s)		Restricted Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date		Aggregate Intrinsic Value⁽¹⁾($000s)
Unvested balance December 31, 2017		588,188		$	24.00
Unvested balance December 31, 2018									667,628		$	18.03
Granted		396,705		$	14.02				833,448		$	11.62
Forfeited		(35,559	)	$	19.62				(22,042	)	$	14.71
Vested		(281,706	)	$	24.42				(356,949	)	$	17.92
Unvested balance, December 31, 2018		667,628		$	18.03	$	10,395
Unvested balance, December 31, 2019									1,122,085		$	16.09	$	9,212

During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were 396,705 shares of restricted stock granted with a weighted-average fair value of $14.02 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were 234,294 shares of restricted stock granted with a weighted-average fair value of $25.56 per share. ~~During the year ended December 31, 2016, there were 308,146 shares of restricted stock granted with a weighted-average fair value of $20.56 per share.~~

The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $6.4 million, $6.9 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, total unrecognized compensation expense on restricted awards was approximately ~~$6.2~~$11.4 million, and the expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of ~~0.9~~1.2 years.

The Company grants long-term incentives to members of management in the form of performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) under the Equity Plan. The number of PSUs earned is based on the Company’s achievement of specified performance goals, over a specified performance period, and may range from 0% to 200% of the target shares. The PSUs have a service condition that will expire at the end of the three-year performance period provided that the holder continues to be employed by the Company at the end of the performance period. Holders of PSUs are entitled to dividend equivalents, which will be accrued and paid in cash upon the vesting of a PSU. Dividend equivalents are forfeited to the extent that the underlying PSU is forfeited.

On ~~February 6, 2018,~~April 4, 2019, we issued ~~169,549~~255,517 PSUs equal to 100% of the target amount, with an aggregate fair value of ~~$3.3~~$4.9 million on the grant date. The PSUs, in addition to a service condition, are subject to the Company’s performance versus the total return of the MSCI US REIT Index and a triple-net lease peer group, as defined by the Compensation Committee. Upon evaluating the results of the market conditions, the final number of shares is determined, and such shares vest based on satisfaction of the service condition. The PSUs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. During the year ended December 31, ~~2018, no~~2019, 0 PSUs were forfeited due to termination of service. The following table sets forth the number of unvested PSUs and the weighted-average fair value of these awards at the date of grant:

	Performance Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date		Aggregate Intrinsic Value⁽¹⁾($000s)		Performance Awards			Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date		Aggregate Intrinsic Value⁽¹⁾($000s)
Unvested balance December 31, 2017		254,625		$	25.69
Unvested balance December 31, 2018									363,204		$	23.35
Granted		169,549		$	19.30				255,517		$	18.99
Forfeited		(60,970	)	$	21.82				(25,415	)	$	20.71
Vested		—		$	—				(76,245	)	$	20.71
Unvested balance, December 31, 2018		363,204		$	23.35	$	5,655
Unvested balance, December 31, 2019									517,061		$	21.72	$	4,245

During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were 169,549 PSUs granted with a weighted-average fair value of $19.30 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were 91,995 PSUs granted with a weighted-average fair value of $33.75 per share. ~~During the year ended December 31, 2016, there were 101,660 PSUs granted with a weighted-average fair value of $20.71 per share.~~

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, total unrecognized compensation expense related to PSUs was approximately ~~$3.7~~$5.1 million, and the weighted-average vesting period was ~~1.4~~1.5 years. The fair value of each PSU award is estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation requires assumptions for expected volatility, risk-free return, and dividend yield. Our assumptions include a 0% dividend yield, which is the mathematical equivalent to reinvesting the dividends over the three-year performance period as is consistent with the terms of the PSUs. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to value the PSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016:~~2017:

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Expected term (years)		3.0			3.0			3.0			3.0			3.0			3.0
Expected volatility		48.5	%		33.6	%		48.8	%		57.5	%		48.5	%		33.6	%
Expected annual dividend		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%
Risk free rate		2.3	%		1.5	%		0.9	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		1.5	%

On May 17, 2018, our stockholders approved and adopted the Uniti Group Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP authorizes us to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock to any of our employees so

long as the employee is employed on the first day of the applicable offering period. Under the ESPP, there are two six-month plan periods during each calendar year, one beginning January 1 and ending on June 30, and one beginning on July 1 and ending on December 31. Under the terms of the ESPP, employees can choose each plan period to have up to 15% of their annual base earnings, limited to $25,000 withheld to purchase our common stock. The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the lower of its beginning-of-period or end-of-period market price. Under the ESPP, no0 shares were sold to employees during the year ended 2018. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~2,000,000~~1,916,713 shares available for future issuance under the ESPP.The following table summarizes the assumptions used to value the purchase rights granted under the ESPP during the ~~year~~years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, we recognized ~~$8.1~~$10.8 million, $~~7.7~~8.1 million and ~~$4.8~~$7.7 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, performance-based awards and the ESPP, which is recorded in general and administrative expense on our Consolidated Statement of Income.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we issued approximately 149.8 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to Windstream as partial consideration for the contribution of the Distribution Systems and the Consumer CLEC Business. Windstream Holdings distributed approximately 80.4% of the Uniti shares it received to existing stockholders of Windstream Holdings and retained a passive ownership interest of approximately 19.6% of the common stock of Uniti. As a result of this ownership Windstream was deemed to be a related party.

On June 15, 2016, Windstream Holdings disposed of 14.7 million shares of our common stock, representing approximately half of its retained ownership interest. On June 24, 2016, Windstream Holdings disposed of its remaining 14.7 million shares of our common stock as part of a public offering. The Company did not receive any proceeds resulting from the disposition of these shares. Accordingly, upon its disposition of these shares, Windstream was no longer deemed a related party under applicable accounting regulations. Our consolidated financial statements reflect the following transactions with Windstream during the periods in which Windstream was deemed a related party.

~~Revenues~~ ~~– The Company records leasing revenue pursuant to the Master Lease.~~ ~~For the six months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized leasing revenues of $337.6 million related to the Master Lease.~~

~~General and Administrative Expenses~~ – We are party to a Transition Services Agreement (“TSA”) pursuant to which Windstream and its affiliates provide, on an interim basis, various services, including but not limited to information technology services, payment processing and collection services, financial and tax services, regulatory compliance and other support services. ~~On April 1, 2016, the TSA ceased and we incurred $19,000 of related TSA expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016.~~

~~CLEC Operating Expenses~~ – We are party to a Wholesale Master Services Agreement (“Wholesale Agreement”) and a Master Services Agreement with Windstream related to the Consumer CLEC Business. Under the Wholesale Agreement, Windstream provides us transport services (local and long distance telecommunications service), provisioning services (directory assistance, directory listing, service activation and service changes), and repair services (routine and emergency network maintenance, network audits and network security). Under the Master Services Agreement, Windstream provides billing and collections services to Uniti. ~~During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we incurred expenses of $6.6 million and $0.9 million related to the Wholesale Agreement and Master Services Agreement, respectively.~~

~~Employee Matters Agreement~~ ~~– We are party to an Employee Matters Agreement (“Employee Matters Agreement”) with Windstream that governs the respective compensation and employee benefit obligations of the Company and~~

Windstream in connection with and following the Spin-Off. Under the Employee Matters Agreement, if requested by a Windstream employee, the Company is required to withhold shares to satisfy the employee’s tax obligations arising from the recognition of income and the vesting of shares related to awards of ~~Uniti~~ restricted stock held by the employee that were granted in connection with the Spin-Off. In that case, the Company must pay to Windstream an amount of cash equal to the amount required to be withheld to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations or, at the request of Windstream, remit such cash directly to the applicable taxing authorities. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we withheld 91,412 common shares to satisfy these minimum statutory tax-withholding obligations and delivered $1.9 million to Windstream for remittance to the applicable taxing authorities.

~~Tower Purchase~~ – In May, 2016, we completed the previously announced transaction with Windstream to acquire 32 wireless towers owned by Windstream and operating rights for 49 wireless towers previously conveyed to the Company in the Spin-Off for a purchase price of approximately $3 million.

~~Lease Amendment~~ – During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, we amended the Master Lease with Windstream (the “Master Lease Amendment”) to allow for the transfer of ownership rights or exchanges of indefeasible rights of use (an “IRU”) and other long term rights in certain fiber and associated assets constituting leased property under the Master Lease. We will enter into such transactions pursuant to certain fiber exchange agreements under which we will grant to a third party ownership rights in certain fiber assets or an IRU in certain fiber assets that constitute leased property under the Master Lease in exchange for ~~Uniti~~ receiving ownership rights in certain fiber assets or an IRU in certain fiber assets of the third party, which we will then lease to Windstream as leased property under the Master Lease. Under the terms of the Master Lease Amendment, Windstream is responsible for any taxes imposed on ~~Uniti~~ related to the sale, exchange or other disposition of the fiber assets delivered to a third party or the granting of rights to the leased property that arise from fiber exchange agreements. As of June 30, 2016, no such transactions had been consummated. The Master Lease Amendment also permits us to install, own and operate certain wireless communication towers, antennas and related equipment on designated portions of the leased property.

Our restricted stock awards are considered participating securities as they receive non-forfeitable rights to dividends at the same rate as common stock. As participating securities, we included these instruments in the computation of earnings per share under the two-class method described in FASB ASC 260, Earnings per Share.

We also issue ~~PSUs; however these units~~PSUs that contain forfeitable rights to receive dividends and are therefore considered non-participating restrictive shares and are not dilutive under the two-class method until performance conditions are met. During the ~~years~~year ended December 31, 2017, ~~and 2016, approximately76,000 and 220,000~~approximately 76,000 PSUs ~~respectively,~~ were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect is anti-dilutive as a result of our net loss for ~~these periods.~~the period.

~~The earnings per share~~Prior to the second quarter of 2019, the earnings-per-share impact of the Company’s 3% Series A ~~Shares~~Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value (the “Series A Shares”) (See Note 19) ~~is calculated~~, issued in connection with the May 2, 2016 acquisition of PEG Bandwidth, LLC, was calculated using the net share settlement method, whereby the redemption value of the instrument is assumed to be settled in cash and only the conversion premium, if any, is assumed to be settled in shares. The Series A Shares ~~provide~~provided Uniti the option ~~to cash or share settle the instrument, and as of December 31, 2018, it is our policy~~ to settle the instrument in cash or shares. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company received notice from the holder of the Series A Shares of its election to convert all its shares, and the Company made an election to issue shares upon ~~conversion.~~conversion, which occurred on July 2, 2019. As a result, the earnings-per-share impact for the year ended December 31, 2019 is calculated based on the shares outstanding from the issuance date through December 31, 2019.

The dilutive effect of the Exchangeable Notes (see Note 11) is calculated by using the “if-converted” method. This assumes an add-back of interest, net of income taxes, to net income attributable to shareholders as if the securities were converted at the beginning of the reporting period (or at time of issuance, if later) and the resulting common shares included in the number of weighted average shares. The dilutive effect of the Warrants (see Note 8) is calculated using the treasury-stock method. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Warrants were excluded from diluted shares outstanding because the exercise price exceeded the average market price of our common stock for the reporting period.

As part of the acquisition of Tower Cloud on August 31, 2016, we may be obligated to pay contingent consideration upon achievement of certain defined operational and financial milestones. See Note 56. At the Company’s discretion, a combination of cash and Uniti common shares may be used to satisfy the contingent consideration payments, provided that at least 50% of the aggregate amount of payments is satisfied in cash. The arrangement provides Uniti the option to cash settle, and it is our policy to settle 100% of the obligation in cash upon the achievement of the defined milestones. As such, there is no impact to our share count for the purposes of the earnings per share calculation.

~~The Hunt merger agreement provides for the issuance of additional common shares~~ ~~upon the achievement of certain defined revenue milestones. See~~ ~~Note 5. The~~ earnings per share impact of the Hunt Contingent Consideration is calculated under the method described in ASC 260 for the treatment of contingently issuable shares in weighted-average shares outstanding.See the accompanying table for the impact.

The following sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method:

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Basic earnings per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders	$	16,187		$	(9,439	)	$	(212	)	$	10,582		$	16,187		$	(9,439	)
Less: Income allocated to participating securities		(2,594	)		(1,509	)		(1,557	)		(549	)		(2,594	)		(1,509	)
Dividends declared on convertible preferred stock		(2,624	)		(2,624	)		(1,743	)		(656	)		(2,624	)		(2,624	)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		(2,980	)		(2,980	)		(1,985	)		(993	)		(2,980	)		(2,980	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares	$	7,989		$	(16,552	)	$	(5,497	)	$	8,384		$	7,989		$	(16,552	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		176,169			168,693			152,473			187,358			176,169			168,693
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.05		$	(0.10	)	$	(0.04	)	$	0.04		$	0.05		$	(0.10	)


	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Diluted earnings per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders	$	16,187		$	(9,439	)	$	(212	)	$	10,582		$	16,187		$	(9,439	)
Less: Income allocated to participating securities		(1,665	)		(1,509	)		(1,557	)		(549	)		(1,665	)		(1,509	)
Dividends declared on convertible preferred stock		(2,624	)		(2,624	)		(1,743	)		(656	)		(2,624	)		(2,624	)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		(2,980	)		(2,980	)		(1,985	)		(993	)		(2,980	)		(2,980	)
Impact on if-converted dilutive securities											—			—			—
Mark-to-market gain on share settled contingent consideration arrangements		(1,433	)		(4,944	)		—			—			(1,433	)		(4,944	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares	$	7,485		$	(21,496	)	$	(5,497	)	$	8,384		$	7,485		$	(21,496	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		176,169			168,693			152,473			187,358			176,169			168,693
Contingent consideration (See Note 5)		645			296			—			—			645			296
Impact on if-converted dilutive securities											—			—			—
Effect of dilutive non-participating securities		257			—			—			—			257			—
Weighted-average shares for dilutive earnings per common share		177,071			168,989			152,473			187,358			177,071			168,989
Dilutive earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.04		$	(0.13	)	$	(0.04	)	$	0.04		$	0.04		$	(0.13	)

Our management, including our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, manages our operations as ~~four~~ 4 operating business segments in addition to our corporate operations and include:

Leasing: Represents a component of our REIT operations and includes the results from our leasing business, Uniti Leasing, which is engaged in the acquisition of mission-critical communications assets and leasing them back to anchor customers on either an exclusive or shared-tenant basis.

Fiber Infrastructure: Represents the operations of our fiber business, Uniti Fiber, which is a leading provider of infrastructure solutions, including cell site backhaul and dark fiber, to the telecommunications industry.

Towers: Represents the operations of our towers business, Uniti Towers, through which we acquire and construct tower and tower-related real estate and lease space on communications towers to wireless service providers and other tenants in the United ~~States~~States. On April 2, 2019, the Company completed the sale of LATAM and no longer has on-going operations in Latin America. ~~Uniti Towers is~~During 2019, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of its ground lease business located across the United States. See Note 6. In February 2020, we entered into a ~~component~~definitive agreement to sell 486 of our ~~REIT operations.~~U.S. towers located across 32 states for total cash consideration of approximately $190 million, subject to adjustments. See Note 22.

Consumer CLEC: Represents the operations of Talk America Services (“Talk America”) through which we operate the Consumer CLEC Business, ~~that~~which prior to the Spin-Off was reported as an integrated operation within Windstream. Talk America provides local telephone, high-speed internet and long distance services to customers in the eastern and central United States. We have commenced a wind down of our Consumer CLEC business, which we estimate will be completed during the second quarter of 2020.

Corporate: Represents our corporate office and shared service functions. Certain costs and expenses, primarily related to headcount, insurance, professional fees and similar charges, that are directly attributable to operations of our business segments are allocated to the respective segments.

Management evaluates the performance of each segment using Adjusted EBITDA, which is a segment performance measure ~~defined~~we define as net income determined in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, the impact, which may be recurring in nature, of transaction and integration related expenses, costs associated with Windstream’s bankruptcy, costs associated with litigation claims made against us, and costs associated with the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system, the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs, costs incurred as a result of the early repayment of debt, gains or losses on dispositions, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and financial instruments, and other similar items. The Company believes that net income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings metric; however, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA serves as a useful supplement to net income because it allows investors, analysts and management to evaluate the performance of our segments in a manner that is comparable period over period. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income as determined in accordance with ~~GAAP.~~GAAP.

Selected financial data related to our segments is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016:~~2017:

	Year Ended December 31, 2018																		Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Thousands)	Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments			Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments
Revenues	$	699,847		$	289,239		$	14,617		$	13,931		$	-		$	1,017,634		$	716,640		$	315,605		$	14,693		$	10,673		$	-		$	1,057,611

Adjusted EBITDA	$	697,545		$	123,389		$	355		$	3,353		$	(21,759	)	$	802,883		$	711,119		$	126,754		$	(595	)	$	1,955		$	(26,494	)	$	812,739
Adjusted EBITDA margin		99.7	%		42.7	%		2.4	%		24.1	%	-				78.9	%		99.2	%		40.2	%		(4.0	%)		18.3	%	-				76.8	%
Less:
Interest expense																	319,591
Interest expense, net																																			390,112
Depreciation and amortization		337,126			105,651			6,704			1,994			275			451,750			282,107			114,566			6,474			1,879			728			405,754
Other income																	(4,504	)
Transaction related costs																	17,410
Other income, net																																			(24,219	)
Transaction related and other costs																																			43,708
Gain on sale of real estate																																			(28,995	)
Stock-based compensation																	8,064																		10,808
Income tax benefit																	(5,421	)
Other																	(552	)
Income tax expense																																			4,663
Net income																$	16,545																	$	10,908

Capital expenditures ⁽¹⁾	$	152,140		$	199,689		$	74,932		$	-		$	114		$	426,875		$	338,543		$	233,506		$	99,234		$	-		$	15		$	671,298

	Year Ended December 31, 2016																		Year Ended December 31, 2017
(Thousands)	Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments			Leasing			Fiber Infrastructure			Towers			Consumer CLEC			Corporate			Total of Reportable Segments
Revenues	$	676,868		$	70,568		$	500		$	22,472		$	-		$	770,408		$	685,099		$	202,791		$	10,055		$	18,087		$	-		$	916,032

Adjusted EBITDA	$	675,114		$	25,912		$	(1,123	)	$	5,074		$	(14,793	)	$	690,184		$	683,651		$	83,987		$	(831	)	$	4,556		$	(21,839	)	$	749,524
Adjusted EBITDA margin		99.7	%		36.7	%		(224.6	%)		22.6	%	-				89.6	%		99.8	%		41.4	%		(8.3	%)		25.2	%	-				81.8	%
Less:
Interest expense																	275,394
Interest expense, net																																			305,994
Depreciation and amortization		343,368			28,629			337			3,258			378			375,970			347,999			78,307			4,907			2,607			385			434,205
Other expense																	-																		11,284
Transaction related costs																	33,669
Transaction related and other costs																																			38,005
Stock-based compensation																	4,846																		7,713
Income tax expense																	517
Income tax benefit																																			(38,849	)
Net loss																$	(212	)																$	(8,828	)

Capital expenditures ⁽¹⁾	$	-		$	31,006		$	15,262		$	-		$	175		$	46,443		$	-		$	152,918		$	104,540		$	-		$	63		$	257,521

Total assets by business segment as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are as follows:

	December 31,				December 31,
(Thousands)		2018		2017		2019		2018
Leasing	$	2,119,045	$	2,121,857	$	2,341,734	$	2,119,045
Fiber Infrastructure		2,194,311		2,009,175		2,362,267		2,194,311
Towers		231,749		157,180		235,888		231,749
Consumer CLEC		10,374		10,919		10,687		10,374
Corporate		37,458		30,951		66,424		37,458
Total of reportable segments	$	4,592,937	$	4,330,082	$	5,017,000	$	4,592,937

Our principal geographical regions consist of the United States and Latin America, which includes Mexico, Colombia and Nicaragua. Summarized geographical information related to the Company’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

~~Summarized geographical information related to the Company’s long-lived assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:~~

We have fiber lease agreements and office space lease agreements under non-cancelable operating leases. Rental expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 approximated $28.7 million, $25.2 million and $10.9 million, respectively. Future minimum payments, by year and in the aggregate, under non-cancellable operating leases with initial or remaining lease terms of one year or more, are as follows:

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement entered into with Windstream in connection with the Spin-Off, Windstream has agreed to indemnify us (including our subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees and agents and certain other related parties) for any liability arising from or relating to legal proceedings involving Windstream's telecommunications business prior to the Spin-Off, and, pursuant to the Master Lease, Windstream has agreed to indemnify us for, among other things, any use, misuse, maintenance or repair by Windstream with respect to the Distribution Systems. Windstream is currently a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings, including various claims arising in the ordinary course of its telecommunications business, which are subject to the indemnities provided to us by Windstream. If Windstream assumes the Separation and Distribution Agreement ~~and~~ and/or the Master Lease in bankruptcy, it would be obligated to honor all indemnification claims arising

under such agreement. If the Separation and Distribution Agreement and or the Master Lease are rejected in Windstream’s bankruptcy, any claims on the applicable indemnity would be treated as unsecured claims, and, if that were to occur, there can be no assurance we would receive any related indemnification payments from Windstream in connection with the applicable indemnity claims.

On July 25, 2019, in connection with Windstream’s bankruptcy, Windstream Holdings and Windstream Services, LLC (“Windstream Services”) filed a complaint with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in an adversary proceeding against Uniti and certain of its affiliates, alleging, among other things, that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, that certain rent payments and tenant capital improvements made by Windstream under the Master Lease constitute constructive fraudulent transfers, that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property and that Uniti breached certain of its obligations under the Master Lease. As further described below, an adverse determination in the adversary proceeding with Windstream could materially adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition and our status as a REIT.

We are committed to seeking a successful resolution that would involve release of all claims against us and continuation of the Master Lease. Discussions among the parties to the mediation continue but, to date, no agreement has been reached, and we cannot predict if or when an agreement will be reached or what its impact or terms would be. Although we believe that a successful renegotiation of the Master Lease is in the interests of all

parties, any such resolution could result in transfers of value to Windstream that could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

Were the Bankruptcy Court to hold that the Master Lease should be recharacterized as a financing arrangement, it could significantly affect or even eliminate current payments to us under the Master Lease and could significantly affect the ultimate treatment of our claims (including potentially through changing our status to that of a creditor that would share in creditor recoveries from the estate rather than receive rent payments). The Bankruptcy Court could determine that Windstream is the true owner of the property subject to the Master Lease, and we have argued that such property would be deemed to be owned by Windstream Holdings as the counterparty to the Master Lease and that Uniti would have a claim against Windstream Holdings that is secured by such property. Windstream has argued that such property would instead be owned by the operating subsidiaries that previously held it and that our claims would be against Windstream Holdings as the counterparty to the Master Lease. In such an event, the Bankruptcy Court would also determine if our claims are secured by an interest in the leased property. If the Bankruptcy Court were to determine that our claims are not secured by an interest in the leased property, our claims could be unsecured and structurally subordinated to the claims of creditors at Windstream Holdings’ subsidiaries, including Windstream Services. Windstream Services is the issuer of substantially all of Windstream’s debt obligations and certain of its operating subsidiaries guarantee such debt obligations. Were we to be treated as an unsecured creditor of Windstream Holdings, we would not be able to recover any value from Windstream Services or such other operating subsidiaries until all of their respective debt obligations have been satisfied and, in such event, the notes and the guarantees of the notes would only be secured on a first-priority basis by certain of our assets that do not constitute the property subject to the Master Lease. In the event of such an adverse determination, our ability to meet our debt and other obligations could be materially impaired. In addition, recharacterization of the Master Lease as a financing arrangement, depending on the findings of fact and law of, and remedies applied by, the Bankruptcy Court, could affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Master Lease, our status as a REIT (see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Status of Uniti as a REIT—Recent developments surrounding Windstream could adversely affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT”) and could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

Master Lease for Personal Property. Windstream alleges that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property. If the Master Lease were determined to be a lease of personal property, the deadline for Windstream Holdings to assume or reject the Master Lease would be the confirmation of its plan of reorganization by the Bankruptcy Court, which would extend the deadline that would otherwise be applicable under the bankruptcy code if the Master Lease were treated as a lease of real property, and Windstream could seek from the Bankruptcy Court relief from its current performance obligations during the bankruptcy case. In addition, if the Master Lease were determined to be a lease of personal property, this could also impact our status as a REIT if the Internal Revenue Service were to determine that our gross income is not sufficiently derived from real property. See “Risk Factors— Risks Related to the Status of Uniti as a REIT—Recent developments surrounding Windstream could adversely affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT.” On January 21, 2020, Windstream agreed to stay, without prejudice, its action seeking a determination that the Master Lease is a lease of personal property.

While the Windstream Master Lease litigation is currently stayed, it is difficult to predict what could occur in Windstream’s bankruptcy restructuring. However, any adverse determination or judicial decision on one or more of the claims against us could materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition or, in certain circumstances, cause us to file for voluntary Chapter 11 protection. As discussed in Note 22, the Settlement, if effectuated, would result in mutual releases with respect to any and all liability related to any claims and causes of action that currently exist between Uniti and Windstream. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are unable to determine what, if any, portion of the consideration to be paid to Windstream would be classified as settlement of litigation, and therefore, we have not recorded any liabilities associated with these claims in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. However, we could incur a loss related to the Settlement in future periods.

In addition, pursuant to the Master Lease, Windstream has agreed to indemnify us for, among other things, any use, misuse, maintenance or repair by Windstream with respect to the Distribution Systems. Windstream is currently a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings, including various claims arising in the ordinary course of its telecommunications business, which are subject to the indemnities provided by Windstream to us. If Windstream assumes the Master Lease, it would be obligated to honor all indemnification claims. If Windstream were to reject the Master Lease, any indemnification claims would be treated as unsecured claims, and, if that were to occur, there can be no assurance we would receive any indemnification payments from Windstream. While these actions and proceedings are not believed to be material, individually or in the aggregate, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted. The resolution of any such legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on Windstream’s business, financial position or results of operations, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations if Windstream is unable to meet its indemnification obligations.

On July 3, 2019, SLF Holdings, LLC (“SLF”) filed a complaint against the Company, Uniti Fiber, and certain current and former officers of the Company (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama, in connection with Uniti Fiber’s purchase of Southern Light, LLC from SLF in

July 2017. The complaint asserted claims for fraud and conspiracy, as well as claims under federal and Alabama securities laws, alleging that Defendants improperly failed to disclose to SLF the risk that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master Lease violated certain debt covenants of Windstream. On September 26, 2019, the action was transferred to United States District Court for the District of Delaware. On November 18, 2019, SLF filed an amended complaint, adding allegations that Defendants also failed to fully disclose the risk that the Master Lease purportedly could be recharacterized as a financing instead of “true lease.” The amended complaint seeks compensatory and punitive damages, as well as reformation of the purchase agreement for the sale. On December 18, 2019, Defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint in its entirety. That motion was fully briefed as of February 7, 2020, but no decision has been issued. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are unable to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss and therefore have not recorded any liabilities associated with these claims in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

On October 25, 2019, Ibrahim E. Safadi filed a putative class action in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against the Company and certain of our officers alleging violations of federal securities laws (the “Safadi Action”). The putative class action seeks to represent investors who acquired the Company’s securities between April 20, 2015 and February 15, 2019. The lawsuit asserts violations under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging that the Company made materially false and misleading statements by allegedly failing to disclose that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master Lease violated certain debt covenants of Windstream. The lawsuit seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees and other relief. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are unable to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss and therefore have not recorded any liabilities associated with these claims in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

On December 6, 2019, Phil Queder filed a putative class action in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against the Company and certain of our officers alleging violations of federal securities laws (the “Queder Action”). The putative class action seeks to represent investors who acquired the Company’s securities between April 20, 2015 and February 15, 2019. The lawsuit asserts violations under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging that the Company made materially false and misleading statements by allegedly failing to disclose that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master Lease violated certain debt covenants of Windstream. The lawsuit seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees and other relief. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are unable to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss and therefore have not recorded any liabilities associated with these claims in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

On December 23, 2019, Michael Avery filed a putative class action in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against the Company and certain of our officers alleging violations of federal securities laws. The putative class action seeks to represent investors who acquired the Company’s securities between April 20, 2015 and June 24, 2019 (the “Avery Action”). The lawsuit asserts violations under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, alleging that the Company made materially false and misleading statements by allegedly failing to disclose that the Spin-Off and entry into the Master Lease violated certain debt covenants of Windstream, which would have certain consequences for the Company’s liquidity. The lawsuit seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees and other relief. We intend to defend this matter vigorously, and, because it is still in its preliminary stages, we have not yet determined what effect this lawsuit will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations. On March 9, 2020, the plaintiff in the Avery Action filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the action without prejudice. As a result, we have not recorded any liabilities associated with these claims in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

On December 30, 2019, various putative shareholders of the Company filed motions to consolidate the Safadi, Queder, and Avery Actions and to appoint a lead plaintiff and lead counsel in the consolidated action. The Court has not yet ruled on those motions.

Under the terms of the ~~Tax Matters Agreement~~tax matters agreement entered into on April 24, 2015 by the Company, Windstream Services, LLC and Windstream (the “Tax Matters Agreement”), in connection with ~~Windstream,~~the Spin-Off, we are generally responsible for any taxes imposed on Windstream that arise from the failure of the Spin-Off and the debt exchanges to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, within the meaning of Section 355 and Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code, as applicable, to the extent such failure to qualify is attributable to certain actions, events or transactions relating to our stock, indebtedness, assets or business, or a breach of the relevant representations or any covenants made by us in the Tax Matters Agreement, the materials submitted to the IRS in connection with the request for the private letter ruling or the representations provided in connection with the tax opinion. We believe that the probability of us incurring obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement are remote; and therefore, we have recorded no0 such liabilities in our ~~consolidated balance sheet.~~Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019.

Bluebird Lease. Under the terms of the Bluebird Lease (see Note 6), we have the right, but not the obligation, to fund growth capital expenditures. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has committed to fund approximately $11.2 million of growth capital expenditures over the next twelve months.

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016:~~2017:

(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Cash flow hedge changes in fair value gain (loss):
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,351		$	(6,102	)	$	(5,427	)	$	30,042		$	6,351		$	(6,102	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		21,626			(7,735	)		(24,465	)		(51,288	)		21,626			(7,735	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		2,624			20,630			23,790			(3,324	)		2,624			20,630
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		30,601			6,793			(6,102	)		(24,570	)		30,601			6,793
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		559			442			—			(1,128	)		559			442
Balance at end of period		30,042			6,351			(6,102	)		(23,442	)		30,042			6,351
Foreign currency translation gain (loss):
Balance at beginning of period		1,470			(267	)		—			63			1,470			(267	)
Translation adjustments		(1,440	)		1,660			(267	)		—			(1,440	)		1,660
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income											(63	)		—			—
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		30			1,393			(267	)		—			30			1,393
Less: Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(33	)		(77	)		—			—			(33	)		(77	)
Balance at end of period		63			1,470			(267	)		-			63			1,470
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period	$	30,105		$	7,821		$	(6,369	)	$	(23,442	)	$	30,105		$	7,821

income to shareholders, and meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including asset holding requirements. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax for open taxable years through ~~2018,~~2017, on our taxable

income at regular corporate income tax rates, and we could not deduct dividends paid to our shareholders in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from reelecting to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

Subject to the temporary restriction imposed by the waiver and amendment to our Credit Agreement (see Note ~~10)~~11), our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts exceeding 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any capital gains, generally will be restricted. As a result, we ~~may be required to record~~recorded a provision in our Consolidated Financial Statements for U.S. federal income taxes related to the activities of the REIT and its passthrough subsidiaries for ~~any~~2019 undistributed income. We are subject to the statutory requirements of the locations in which we conduct business, and state and local income taxes are accrued as deemed required in the best judgment of management based on analysis and interpretation of respective tax laws.

Income tax expense (benefit) ~~expense~~ for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 as reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income was comprised of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Current
Federal	$	674		$	1,456		$	1,596		$	10,401		$	674		$	1,456
State		1,290			866			1,107			2,742			1,290			866
Foreign											2,948			-			-
Total current expense		1,964			2,322			2,703			16,091			1,964			2,322

Deferred
Federal		(5,451	)		(36,956	)		(1,488	)		(9,378	)		(5,451	)		(36,956	)
State		(1,770	)		(3,837	)		(698	)		(2,050	)		(1,770	)		(3,837	)
Foreign		(164	)		(378	)		-			-			(164	)		(378	)
Total deferred expense		(7,385	)		(41,171	)		(2,186	)		(11,428	)		(7,385	)		(41,171	)
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$	(5,421	)	$	(38,849	)	$	517
Total income tax expense (benefit)										$	4,663		$	(5,421	)	$	(38,849	)

An income tax expense reconciliation between the U.S. statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Income from continuing operations, before tax	$	11,124		$	(47,667	)	$	305		$	15,571		$	11,124		$	(47,667	)
Income tax at U.S. statutory federal rate		2,336			(16,687	)		107			3,270			2,336			(16,687	)
Increases (decreases) resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(655	)		(429	)		(224	)		407			(655	)		(429	)
Benefit of REIT status		(5,687	)		8,836			(4,016	)		(2,188	)		(5,687	)		8,836
Capitalized transaction costs		-			(4,820	)		(3,915	)		-			-			(4,820	)
Change in valuation allowance		-			(8,176	)		8,176			-			-			(8,176	)
Adjustment of deferred tax balances		(26	)		(217	)		149			104			(26	)		(217	)
Permanent differences		41			60			52			122			41			60
Foreign taxes		(111	)		(378	)		-			2,948			(111	)		(378	)
Rate differential		(1,319	)		(17,038	)		188			-			(1,319	)		(17,038	)
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(5,421	)	$	(38,849	)	$	517
Income tax expense (benefit)										$	4,663		$	(5,421	)	$	(38,849	)

The effective tax rate on income from continuing operations differs from tax at the statutory rate primarily due to our status as a REIT and ~~the impact of corporate~~certain unrecognized tax ~~reform on certain adjustments to deferred taxes~~benefits related to ~~2017 acquisitions, discussed below.~~

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Bill”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Bill reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and created new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. Consistent with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 issued by the SEC, which provided for a measurement period of one year from the enactment date to finalize the accounting for effects of the Tax Bill, the Company provisionally recorded income tax benefit of $17.0 million related to the Tax Bill in the fourth quarter of 2017. During the second quarter of 2018, the purchase price allocations related to our acquisitions of Hunt Telecommunications, LLC and Southern Light, LLC were adjusted to record additional deferred tax liabilities of $3.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, that existed as of the acquisition date. These deferred tax liabilities were recorded at the tax rate in effect as of the date of acquisition. Upon enactment of the Tax Bill, the incremental deferred tax liability would have been adjusted to the newly enacted corporate tax rate. This resulted in a decrease to the deferred tax liability and an income tax benefit of $1.3 million recorded in the second quarter of 2018.

As of December 31, 2018, we have completed our accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Bill and recorded no significant adjustments to our provisional amounts other than as described above.

~~Future regulatory and rulemaking interpretations or other guidance clarifying provisions of the Tax Bill may impact the Company’s tax position.~~taxes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.

The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

(Thousands)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$	20,373		$	17,114		$	25,507		$	20,373
Accrued bonuses		298			101			4			298
Stock based compensation		823						1,123			823
Accrued expenses and other		857			506			75			857
Asset retirement obligation		1,458			2,023			1,068			1,458
Inventory reserve		544			1,341			322			544
Excess business interest expense								2,111			-
Lease asset liability								19,264			-
Other		904			248			1,387			904
Net operating loss carryforwards		92,443			36,229			116,736			92,443
Deferred tax assets		117,700			57,562			167,597			117,700
Valuation allowance		-			-			-			-
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance		117,700			57,562			167,597			117,700

Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment	$	(97,651	)	$	(43,817	)	$	(106,716	)	$	(97,651	)
Customer list intangible		(67,382	)		(68,795	)		(46,164	)		(67,382	)
Other intangible amortization		(3,954	)		(291	)		(15,486	)		(3,954	)
Right of use asset								(18,012	)		-
Deferred or prepaid costs		(1,147	)		-			(2,121	)		(1,147	)
Debt discount and interest expense								(2,890	)		-
Other		-			(137	)		(639	)		-
Deferred tax liabilities	$	(170,134	)	$	(113,040	)	$	(192,028	)	$	(170,134	)

Deferred tax liability, net	$	(52,434	)	$	(55,478	)	$	(24,431	)	$	(52,434	)

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company’s deferred tax assets were primarily the result of U.S. federal and state NOL carryforwards.

As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. Given the Company has significant deferred tax liabilities which are not limited by Sec. 269(a)(1) of the Code, management determined that sufficient positive evidence exists as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, to conclude that it is more likely than not that all of its deferred tax assets are realizable, and therefore, no0 valuation allowance has been recorded.

On August 31, 2016, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Tower Cloud, Inc., which had federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $81.2 million at the date of the acquisition. As a result of the change in ownership, the utilization of Tower Cloud, Inc. NOL carryforwards is subject to limitations imposed by the Code. Approximately $18.3 million of the Tower Cloud, Inc. NOL carryforward was utilized in 2017. The remaining Tower Cloud, Inc. NOL carryforwards will expire between 2026 and 2036.

We have total federal NOL carryforwards as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 of approximately $165.2 million which will expire between 2026 and 2037, and approximately ~~$189.2~~$290.4 million which will not expire but the utilization of which will be limited to 80% of taxable income annually under provisions enacted in the Tax ~~Bill.~~Cut and Jobs Act.

With the exception of Tower Cloud, Inc. and Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc., our ~~2015~~2016 returns remain open to examination. As Tower Cloud, Inc. ~~has~~and Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. have NOLs available to carry forward, the applicable tax years will generally remain open to examination several years after the applicable loss carryforwards have been utilized or expire.

The Company or its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state and local jurisdictions, and certain foreign jurisdictions. A reconciliation of the Company’s beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(Thousands)	2018		2017		2019			2018
Balance at January 1	$	3,036	$	-	$	3,036		$	3,036
Additions related to acquisitions		-		3,036		-			-
Additions for tax positions for the current year		-		-		1,734			-
Additions for tax positions of prior years		-		-		-			-
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		-		-		(3,036	)		-
Settlements		-		-		-			-
Balance at December 31	$	3,036	$	3,036	$	1,734		$	3,036

The Company’s entire liability for unrecognized tax benefit would affect the annual effective tax rate if recognized. On February 19, 2019 the Company announced it had agreed to sell its Uniti Towers’ business in Latin America. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is expected to close in the first quarter of 2019. See ~~Note 23. As a result of the sale, the balance of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease within the next 12 months.~~

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as additional tax expense. The Company recorded no$1.2 million of interest expense orand penalties for the period ending December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company’s balance of accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$2.3~~$1.2 million.

	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018		2017		2016		2019		2018		2017
Cash payments for:
Interest (net of capitalized interest)	$	281,364	$	276,071	$	255,945	$	344,464	$	281,364	$	276,071
Income Taxes	$	1,688	$	4,388	$	3,003	$	16,073	$	1,688	$	4,388

~~We have~~On July 2, 2019, the Company issued 8,677,163 shares of its commons stock in connection with the conversion by PEG Bandwidth Holdings, LLC of 87,500 shares of the Series A Shares. The Company issued common stock with a total value of $87.5 million, with the total number of shares calculated based on the five-day volume weighted average price of its common stock ending on June 27, 2019. Upon conversion, all outstanding Series A Shares were cancelled and no longer remain outstanding. The issuance by the Company of the common stock was made in reliance upon the exception from registration requirements pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act.

Until June 15, 2019, we had an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC (the “Registration Statement”) to offer and sell various securities from time to time. Under the Registration Statement, we ~~have~~ established an at-the-market common stock offering program (the “ATM Program”) to sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $250.0 million. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company has issued and sold an aggregate of ~~5.5~~6.7 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of ~~$20.19~~$19.92 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds of ~~$109.4~~$131.2 million, after commissions of ~~$1.4~~$1.7 million and other offering costs.

On April 25, 2017, we issued 19.5 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. The shares were sold at a public offering price of $26.50, generating proceeds of approximately $518 million, before underwriter discounts and transaction costs. The Company used the proceeds from this offering to fund a portion of the cash consideration paid in connection with the acquisitions of Southern Light and Hunt that closed on July 3, 2017.

On May 2, 2016, we issued 87,500 shares of the Company’s 3% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, with a liquidation value of $87.5 million. The Series A Shares are non-voting and entitle the holders to receive cumulative dividends at the rate per annum of 3.0%, payable in cash. Holders of the Series A Shares have the option to convert at any time after three years, or are mandatorily convertible after eight years at a conversion rate of 28.5714 shares of common stock per Series A Share, subject to adjustment for certain dilutive events not to exceed a conversion rate of 50.5305 shares of common stock per Series A Share. The Series A Shares provide us the option to cash or share settle, and it is our policy to settle in cash upon conversion. Upon liquidation, each holder of the Series A Shares shall be entitled to receive the liquidation preference per share of $1,000 plus an amount equal to the accumulated and unpaid dividends on such shares. The Series A Shares were recorded at inception on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as mezzanine equity at fair value.

We are authorized to issue up to 500,000,000 shares of voting common stock and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which ~~180,535,971~~192,141,634 and 0 shares, respectively, were outstanding at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. We had ~~319,464,029~~307,858,366 shares of voting common stock available for issuance at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Distributions with respect to our common stock is characterized for federal income tax purposes as taxable ordinary dividends, capital gains dividends, non-dividend distribution or a combination thereof. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, ~~2017,~~ and ~~2016,~~2017, our common stock distribution per share was ~~$2.40,~~$0.97, $2.40 and $2.40, respectively, characterized as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016		2019 ⁽¹⁾		2018		2017
Ordinary dividends	$	1.53	$	1.22	$	1.31	$	0.97	$	1.53	$	1.22
Non-dividend distributions		0.87		1.18		1.09		-		0.87		1.18
Total	$	2.40	$	2.40	$	2.40	$	0.97	$	2.40	$	2.40

~~Future minimum lease payments to be received, excluding operating expense reimbursements, from tenants under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2018, are as follows:~~

We sponsor a defined contribution plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which covers employees who are 21 years of age and over. Under this plan, we match voluntary employee contributions at a rate of 100% for the first 3% of an employee’s annual compensation and at a rate of 50% for the next 2% of an employee’s annual compensation. Employees vest in our contribution immediately. Our expense related to the plan recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~and 2016~~ was $1.7 million, $1.2 million ~~$0.8 million~~ and $~~0.4~~0.8 million, respectively.

We sponsor a deferred compensation plan. The plan is established and maintained by the Company primarily to permit certain management or highly compensated employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, within the meaning of Section 301(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), to

defer a percentage of their compensation. The plan is an unfunded deferred compensation plan intended to qualify for the exemptions provided in, and shall be administered in a manner consistent with Section 201, 301 and 401 of ERISA and Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On ~~January 15, 2019, the Company entered into~~March 2, 2020, Uniti and Windstream jointly announced that they have reached an ~~OpCo-PropCo transaction with Macquarie Infrastructure Partners (“MIP”~~agreement in principle (the “Settlement”) to ~~acquire Bluebird Network, LLC (“Bluebird”). MIP operates within the Macquarie Infrastructure~~resolve any and ~~Real Assets ("MIRA") division~~all claims and causes of ~~Macquarie Group. Bluebird’s network is located~~action that have been or may be asserted against Uniti by Windstream, including all litigation brought by Windstream and certain of its creditors in the ~~Midwest across Missouri, Kansas, Illinois,~~context of Windstream’s bankruptcy. All litigation between Windstream and ~~Oklahoma.~~Uniti will be stayed while the parties negotiate and prepare the definitive documentation to implement the Settlement.

Pursuant to the Settlement, Uniti and Windstream will agree to mutual releases with respect to any and all liability related to any claims and causes of action between them, including those relating to Windstream’s Chapter 11 proceedings and the Master Lease. Under the Settlement, Uniti will agree to make a $400 million cash payment to Windstream in equal installments over 20 consecutive quarters beginning the first month after Windstream’s emergence at an annual interest rate of 9%, and Uniti may prepay any installments falling due on or after the first anniversary of the Settlement’s effective date (resulting in total payments ranging from $432-$490 million). Uniti will also transfer the proceeds from the sale of its common stock described below to Windstream. In exchange, Windstream will transfer to Uniti certain dark fiber indefeasible rights of use contracts and access rights to 1.8 million fiber strand miles leased by Windstream that is either unutilized or utilized for the dark fiber IRUs being transferred. Uniti will be required to pay Windstream $350 per route mile on any fiber strand miles that are sold above and beyond the fiber strand miles currently being utilized in connection with such dark fiber IRUs. In addition, Uniti will acquire certain Windstream-owned assets, including certain fiber IRU contracts.

Windstream and Uniti will also agree to bifurcate the Master Lease into two structurally similar, but independent, agreements to govern the ILEC and CLEC facilities, respectively (collectively, the “New Leases”). Certain copper CLEC assets will be governed under the New Lease relating to the ILEC facilities. The initial aggregate annual rent under the New Leases will be equal to the annual rent under the Master Lease currently in effect. Each of Windstream Services, LLC, certain of its subsidiaries and/or newly formed affiliated entities will become parties to the New Leases. The New Leases will contain cross-guarantees and cross-default provision, which will remain effective as long as Windstream or an affiliate is a tenant under one of the New Leases. In addition, the New Leases will be amended to require that Windstream maintain certain financial covenants and to permit Uniti to transfer its rights and obligations and otherwise monetize or encumber the New Leases so long as it does not transfer interests to a Windstream competitor.

Pursuant to the Settlement, if Windstream is not in compliance with the terms and conditions of the New Leases, Uniti will not be required to fund Growth Capital Improvements. In the ~~transaction,~~event Uniti ~~agreed~~defaults or otherwise fails to ~~purchase~~timely satisfy its obligations under the ~~Bluebird fiber network~~New Leases and Windstream is in compliance with the terms of the New

Leases, then Windstream has the right to deduct from the subsequent rent payment or payments, amounts otherwise owed to Windstream.

In connection with the Settlement, Uniti also entered into binding letters of intent on March 2, 2020 (each, a “Letter of Intent”) with certain first lien creditors of Windstream, pursuant to which Uniti will sell an aggregate of 38,633,470 shares of Uniti common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Settlement Common Stock”), at $6.33 per share, which represents the closing price of Uniti common stock on the date when an agreement in principle of the basic outline of the Settlement was first reached. Uniti will transfer the proceeds from the sale of the Settlement Common Stock to Windstream as additional settlement consideration. The issuance and ~~MIP~~sale of the Settlement Common Stock will be made in reliance upon the exemption from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Certain recipients of the Settlement Common Stock will be subject to a one-year lock up, and all recipients will be subject to a customary standstill agreement. No recipient will receive any governance rights in connection with the issuance.

Finally, on March 2, 2020, Uniti, Windstream and certain of Windstream’s creditors (collectively with Uniti and Windstream, the “Parties”) entered into a Plan Support Agreement (the “Plan Support Agreement”). Pursuant to the Plan Support Agreement, the Parties agreed to ~~purchase~~support the ~~Bluebird operations. In addition, Uniti has agreed to sell Uniti Fiber’s Midwest operations to MIP~~Settlement and the approval of a plan of reorganization for ~~$37 million, including related pre-paid rent to be received from MIP at closing, while Uniti will retain its existing Midwest fiber network. Uniti is acquiring~~Windstream (the “Plan”) on the ~~fiber network of Bluebird for $319 million, of which $175 million will be funded by Uniti in cash~~terms and ~~$144 million from pre-paid rent to be received from MIP at closing. These transactions are~~ subject to the conditions described therein. The Plan Support Agreement is terminable by the Parties upon the occurrence of certain specified termination events, including, among other things, (i) the failure to meet certain case milestones, including failure by Windstream to file a motion to approve the Settlement by March 12, 2020 and failure to obtain approval of the Settlement from the bankruptcy court by April 6, 2020, (ii) failure by Windstream to timely appeal any order by the bankruptcy court denying the Settlement or any order overturning an order approving the Settlement on appeal, and (iii) the issuance by a regulatory ~~and other closing conditions and are~~authority of an order enjoining, or the commencement of an action that could be reasonably expected to ~~close by the end~~enjoin, material portions of the ~~third quarter~~settlement or substantial consummation of ~~2019. Concurrently with~~ the ~~closing~~Settlement (subject to a 10 day cure period). The parties to the Plan Support Agreement expect the Plan to become effective, and for Windstream to emerge from bankruptcy, by August 29, 2020.

The Settlement is subject to negotiation and execution of ~~these transactions, Uniti will lease~~definitive documentation and certain regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including bankruptcy court approval and Uniti’s receipt of satisfactory “true lease” opinions confirming that the ~~Bluebird fiber network and its Midwest fiber network on~~New Leases are “true leases” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In February 2020, we entered into a ~~combined basis~~definitive agreement to ~~MIP, under a long-term triple net lease, with initial annual cash rents of approximately $20.3 million. The lease will be reported within the results~~ sell 486 of our ~~Leasing segment.~~

~~On February 19, 2019, the Company announced it had agreed to sell Uniti Towers’ Latin America business to an entity controlled by Phoenix Towers International (“PTI”)~~U.S. towers located across 32 states for total cash consideration of approximately ~~$100 million. PTI will acquire approximately 500 towers located across Mexico, Colombia and Nicaragua. The transaction is~~ $190.0 million, subject to ~~customary closing conditions and is expected to close by~~adjustments. Concurrent with the ~~end~~sale of the ~~first quarter of 2019.~~

AsU.S. towers, we entered into a ~~result of~~strategic “off-take” tower arrangement with a wireless infrastructure partner. Pursuant to the ~~adverse court ruling Windstream received on February 15, 2019 (see~~ ~~Note 2~~), the Company has evaluated the potential impacts to our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, concluding that no adjustments were required to be made to amounts reported on the financial statements at this time. We“off-take” arrangement, we will continue to ~~monitor~~build towers in the ~~situation~~U.S. and ~~evaluate any potential impacts~~sell those towers to our ~~first quarter~~partner at an agreed upon price during 2020. We also have the option to extend the “off-take” arrangement to 2021.

On February 10, 2020, the Operating Partnership, CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Finance 2019 ~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements including, but not~~Inc. and Uniti Fiber, as co-issuers, issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior secured notes due 2025 at an issue prices of 100% of par value. The issuers used the proceeds from the offering to repay all $2.05 billion of outstanding term loans under our senior secured credit facilities and to repay approximately $156.7 million of revolving loans (and terminated related commitments of approximately $157.6 million).

On February 10, 2020, we received a limited waiver from our lenders under our Credit Agreement, waiving an event of default related solely to ~~compliance~~the receipt of a going concern opinion from our auditors for our 2019 audited financial statements. The limited waiver was issued in connection with ~~debt covenants,~~the Sixth Amendment to our ~~quarterly REIT compliance test, goodwill impairment and long-lived asset impairment tests,~~Credit Agreement. In addition to the ~~collectability~~restrictions imposed by the Fourth Amendment discussed above, which remain effective, the Sixth Amendment also limits the ability of our ~~straight line rent receivable related~~non-guarantor subsidiaries to incur indebtedness. The Sixth Amendment increased the ~~Master Lease~~interest rate on our revolving facility by 100 bps for each applicable rate. As amended, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to either a base rate plus an applicable margin

ranging from 3.75% to 4.25% or a eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 4.75% to 5.25%, in each case, calculated in a customary manner and determined based on our ~~assertion that we will cash settle any contingent consideration arrangements or Series A Shares upon conversion by the holders.~~

We may take measures to conserve cash as we anticipate that it would be difficult for us to access the capital markets at attractive rates until uncertainty is clarified and because of the risk of disruptions in payments by Windstream during its bankruptcy proceeding. Accordingly, we may elect to suspend, delay or reduce success-based capital expenditures and our dividend to conserve cash. Because our Master Lease is essential to Windstream’s operations, we expect that any disruption in payments by Windstream would be limited, and we believe that if we take such actions, we would have adequate liquidity to fund our operations for twelve months after the date the financial statements are issued.consolidated secured leverage ratio.

Selected quarterly information for each of the four quarters in the year ended December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

	2018										2019
	First			Second			Third		Fourth		First		Second		Third			Fourth
(Thousands, except per share data)	Quarter			Quarter			Quarter		Quarter		Quarter		Quarter		Quarter			Quarter
Total revenues	$	246,915		$	247,329		$	252,636	$	270,754	$	261,031	$	264,414	$	263,629		$	268,537
Income (loss) before income taxes		135			(6,239	)		2,758		14,470		6,546		47,390		(21,522	)		(16,843	)
Net income (loss)		1,231			(3,593	)		4,224		14,683		2,492		39,547		(19,777	)		(11,354	)
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders		(870	)		(5,562	)		2,075		12,346
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders												1,013		38,246		(19,470	)		(11,405	)

Basic (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.01	$	0.07
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.01	$	0.05
Basic earnings (loss) per common share											$	0.01	$	0.21	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.06	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share											$	0.01	$	0.20	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.06	)
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.60	$	0.60	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.05		$	0.22

Selected quarterly information for each of the four quarters in the year ended December 31, ~~2017:~~2018:

	2017												2018
	First			Second			Third			Fourth			First			Second			Third		Fourth
(Thousands, except per share data)	Quarter			Quarter			Quarter			Quarter			Quarter			Quarter			Quarter		Quarter
Total revenues	$	211,473		$	213,013		$	245,210		$	246,336		$	246,915		$	247,329		$	252,636	$	270,754
Loss before income taxes		(20,379	)		(16,385	)		(3,837	)		(7,076	)
Net (loss) income		(20,000	)		(16,460	)		4,835			22,797
Income (loss) before income taxes														135			(6,239	)		2,758		14,470
Net income (loss)														1,231			(3,593	)		4,224		14,683
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders		(21,788	)		(18,242	)		2,939			20,539			(870	)		(5,562	)		2,075		12,346

Basic (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.11	)	$	0.02		$	0.12		$	(0.00	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.01	$	0.07
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.02	)	$	0.12		$	(0.01	)	$	(0.03	)	$	0.01	$	0.05
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.60		$	0.60	$	0.60

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With ~~Accountants~~Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

We have established disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019, due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, as described below.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) ofunder the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

On October 19, 2018, the Company completed the acquisitions of Information Transport Solutions, Inc. (“ITS”) Management excluded ITS from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 because ITS was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination in 2018. ITS represents 0.4% of total assets and 0.9% of total revenue, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, ~~evaluated~~assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013).

~~106~~A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 due to the following material weakness. We did not design or maintain effective controls over the identification and valuation of certain assets in the application of the acquisition method

~~Based~~of accounting for asset acquisitions, including the determination of appropriate useful lives for certain assets. Specifically, our controls over the development and application of inputs, assumptions and calculations used in fair value measurements were not designed and operating effectively at an appropriate level of precision. This material weakness resulted in immaterial errors to property, plant and equipment and gross intangible assets on ~~this evaluation under~~ the ~~framework~~consolidated balance sheets and amortization on the consolidated income statement for the three months ended September 30, 2019, which were corrected in ~~Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)~~ ~~issued by COSO, management concluded~~ the ~~Company’s internal control over~~consolidated financial ~~reporting was effective~~statements as of and for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~.2019. While these errors were determined not to be material to the consolidated financial statements, this material weakness could result in misstatements of the aforementioned account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP ~~who has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K,~~ has also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as stated in their report which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

There ~~were~~have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, ~~that occurred~~as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the quarter ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 that ~~has~~have materially affected, or isare reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management has taken remedial action to ensure that the deficiency contributing to the material weakness is remediated such that the existing control will operate effectively. The remediation actions we are taking, and expect to take, include: (i) improving the design and operation of control activities and procedures associated with the identification and valuation of assets acquired in asset acquisitions; and (ii) educating and re-training control owners regarding internal control processes to mitigate identified risks and maintaining adequate documentation to evidence the effective design and operation of such processes.

We believe that these actions, and the improvements we expect to achieve as a result, will effectively remediate the material weakness. However, the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting will not be considered remediated until the remediated controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are designed and operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed in fiscal 2020.

As noted above, on March 18, 2019, we entered into the fourth amendment and limited waiver (the “Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Agreement” for additional information about the material terms of the Amendment. The foregoing descriptions of the Amendment are qualified in their entirety by reference to the Amendment, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.11 hereto.None.

Except as set forth below, the information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our ~~2019~~2020 annual meeting of stockholders.

We have a code of ethics as defined in Item 406 of Regulation S-K, which code applies to all of our directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. A copy of this code of ethics, titled “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics & Whistleblower Policy,” is available free of charge in the Corporate Governance section of the About Us page on our website at www.uniti.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K regarding any amendment to, or a waiver from, any provision of our code of ethics by posting such amendment or waiver on our website.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our ~~2019~~2020 annual meeting of stockholders.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table contains information about our equity compensation plan as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019:

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Uniti Group Inc. Schedule I – Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company) Condensed Balance Sheets as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, and the related Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, including the related notes, appearing on pages S-1, S-2, S-3, and S-4 of this report.

Uniti Group Inc. Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 appearing on page S-5 of this report.

Uniti Group Inc. Schedule III – Schedule of Real Estate Investments and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 appearing on page S-6 of this report.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

(Thousands, except par value)	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	261		$	2,188		$	43,423		$	261
Accounts receivable, net		-			-
Other assets		-			-			291			-
Total Assets	$	261		$	2,188		$	43,714		$	261

Liabilities:
Accrued other liabilities	$	30		$	9		$	564		$	30
Dividends payable		111,265			107,078			42,519			111,265
Cash distributions and losses in excess of investments in consolidated subsidiaries		1,388,036			1,120,120			1,567,499			1,388,036
Contingent consideration		-			-
Notes and other debt, net		-			-
Total liabilities		1,499,331			1,227,207			1,610,582			1,499,331

Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.0001 par value, 88 shares authorized, issued and outstanding, $87,500 liquidation value		86,508			83,530
Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.0001 par value, 88 shares authorized, 0 shares at December 31, 2019 and 88 shares at December 31, 2018, $87,500 liquidation value								-			86,508

Shareholders' Deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding: 180,536 shares at December 31, 2018 and 174,852 at December 31, 2017		18			17
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding								-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding: 192,142 shares at December 31, 2019 and 180,536 at December 31, 2018								19			18
Additional paid-in capital		757,517			644,328			951,295			757,517
Accumulated other comprehensive income		30,105			7,821
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income								(23,442	)		30,105
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings		(2,373,218	)		(1,960,715	)		(2,494,740	)		(2,373,218	)
Total Uniti shareholders' deficit		(1,585,578	)		(1,308,549	)		(1,566,868	)		(1,585,578	)
Total Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock, and Shareholders' Deficit	$	261		$	2,188		$	43,714		$	261

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Uniti Group Inc. included in Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Costs and Expenses:
Interest expense	$	-		$	119,702		$	267,959		$	-		$	-		$	119,702
General and administrative expense		22			40			4,829			36			22			40
Transaction related costs		-			-			3,945			2,138			-			-
Other expense		-			9,253			-			-			-			9,253
Total costs and expenses		22			128,995			276,733			2,174			22			128,995
Operating loss		(22	)		(128,995	)		(276,733	)		(2,174	)		(22	)		(128,995	)
Earnings from consolidated subsidiaries		16,209			119,556			276,521			24,730			16,209			119,556
Income (loss) before income taxes		16,187			(9,439	)		(212	)		22,556			16,187			(9,439	)
Net income (loss)		16,187			(9,439	)		(212	)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	38,472		$	4,751		$	(1,154	)
Income tax expense											11,974			-			-
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders											10,582			16,187			(9,439	)
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to shareholders										$	(42,639	)	$	38,472		$	4,751

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Uniti Group Inc. included in Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(Thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
Cash flow from operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	425,771		$	(602,530	)	$	(59,076	)	$	199,572		$	425,771		$	(602,530	)

Cash flow from investing activities	��
Consideration paid to Windstream Services		-			-			-
Net cash used in investing activities		-			-			-
Proceeds from sale of real estate, net of cash											2,488			-			-
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities											2,488			-			-

Cash flow from financing activities
Principal payment on debt		-			(5,270	)		(22,027	)		-			-			(5,270	)
Dividends paid		(426,094	)		(400,210	)		(367,830	)		(138,731	)		(426,094	)		(400,210	)
Proceeds from issuance of Notes		-			201,000			548,875			83,665			-			201,000
Borrowings under revolving credit facility		-			350,000			641,000			-			-			350,000
Payments under revolving credit facility		-			(125,000	)		(641,000	)		-			-			(125,000	)
Payments of contingent consideration		-			(18,791	)		-			-			-			(18,791	)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests		-			(560	)		-			-			-			(560	)
Deferred financing costs		-			(24,686	)		(20,557	)		-			-			(24,686	)
Payments for financing costs											(2,895	)		-			-
Common stock issuance, net of costs		109,441			498,926			54,213			21,641			109,441			498,926
Net share settlement		(1,604	)		(1,836	)		(2,359	)		(1,834	)		(1,604	)		(1,836	)
Proceeds from sale of warrants											50,819			-			-
Payment for bond hedge option											(70,035	)		-			-
Intercompany transactions, net		(109,441	)		-			(111	)		(102,411	)		(109,441	)		-
Cash in-lieu of fractional shares		-			-			-
Employee stock purchase plan											883			-			-
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(427,698	)		473,573			190,204			(158,898	)		(427,698	)		473,573
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		-			-			-			-			-			-
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(1,927	)		(128,957	)		131,128
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents											43,162			(1,927	)		(128,957	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		2,188			131,145			17			261			2,188			131,145
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		261			2,188			131,145			43,423			261			2,188
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Settlement of convertible preferred stock, Series A Shares										$	87,500		$	-		$	-
Settlement of contingent consideration through non-cash consideration										$	11,178		$	-		$	-

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Uniti Group Inc. included in Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Uniti Group Inc.’s parent company financial information has been derived from its consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes of Uniti and its subsidiaries included in Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During 2017, the parent company completed its reorganization (the “up-REIT Reorganization”) to operate through a customary “up-REIT” structure, pursuant to which we hold substantially all of our assets through a partnership, Uniti Group LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), that we control as general partner, with the only significant difference between the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries compared to the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations of Uniti is that the results for the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries do not include Uniti’s Consumer CLEC segment, which consists of Talk America Services. The up-REIT structure is intended to facilitate future acquisition opportunities by providing the Company with the ability to use common units of the Operating Partnership as a tax-efficient acquisition currency. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and own approximately ~~97.7%~~98.2% of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership.

Cash dividends received from subsidiaries and recorded in Cash Flow from Operating Activities in the Condensed Statement of Cash Flows were $136.2 million, $426.1 million and $104.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. ~~No cash dividends were received for the year ended December 31, 2016.~~

Column A	Column B		Column C					Column D			Column E		Column B		Column C					Column D			Column E
			Additions												Additions
Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Cost and Expenses			Charged to Other Accounts		Deductions			Balance at End of Period		Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Cost and Expenses			Charged to Other Accounts		Deductions			Balance at End of Period
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets:
Year Ended December 31, 2019													$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-
Year Ended December 31, 2018	$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-
Year Ended December 31, 2017	$	8,176	$	-		$	-	$	(8,176	)	$	-	$	8,176	$	-		$	-	$	(8,176	)	$	-
Year Ended December 31, 2016	$	-	$	-		$	8,176	$	-		$	8,176
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Year Ended December 31, 2019													$	2,288	$	1,140		$	-	$	(685	)	$	2,743
Year Ended December 31, 2018	$	1,011	$	1,333		$	-	$	(56	)	$	2,288	$	1,011	$	1,333		$	-	$	(56	)	$	2,288
Year Ended December 31, 2017	$	1,352	$	(86	)	$	45	$	(300	)	$	1,011	$	1,352	$	(86	)	$	45	$	(300	)	$	1,011
Year Ended December 31, 2016	$	-	$	1,352		$	-	$	-		$	1,352

Col. A	Col. B		Col. C	Col. D		Col. E		Col. F			Col. G	Col. H	Col. I	Col. B		Col. C	Col. D		Col. E		Col. F		Col. G	Col. H	Col. I

				Cost capitalized subsequent to acquisition^{(1) (3)}									Life on which Depreciation in Latest Income				Cost capitalized subsequent to acquisition^{(1) (3)}								Life on which Depreciation in Latest Income
Description	Encumbrances		Initial cost to company⁽¹⁾	Improvements	Carry Costs	Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period⁽⁵⁾		Accumulated Depreciation			Date of Construction⁽²⁾	Date Acquired⁽²⁾	Statements is Computed	Encumbrances		Initial cost to company⁽¹⁾	Improvements	Carry Costs	Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period⁽⁵⁾		Accumulated Depreciation		Date of Construction⁽²⁾	Date Acquired⁽²⁾	Statements is Computed
Land	$	—	(1)	(1)	(1)	$	26,672	$	—		(2)	(2)	Indefinite	$	—	(1)	(1)	(1)	$	26,672	$	—	(2)	(2)	Indefinite
Building and improvements		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		327,280		(165,604	)	(2)	(2)	3 - 40 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		333,272		175,093	(2)	(2)	3 - 40 years
Poles		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		248,989		(182,577	)	(2)	(2)	30 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		258,535		185,907	(2)	(2)	30 years
Fiber		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		2,399,415		(1,077,827	)	(2)	(2)	30 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		2,645,726		1,216,173	(2)	(2)	30 years
Equipment		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		52		(21	)	(2)	(2)	5 -7 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		—		—	(2)	(2)	5 -7 years
Copper		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		3,721,649		(3,243,626	)	(2)	(2)	20 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		3,792,366		3,370,043	(2)	(2)	20 years
Conduit		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		89,692		(59,905	)	(2)	(2)	30 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		89,770		62,616	(2)	(2)	30 years
Towers		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		115,351		(6,486	)	(2)	(2)	20 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		168,154		8,582	(2)	(2)	20 years
Finance lease assets															—	(1)	(1)	(1)		25,511		1,694	(2)	(2)	See Note 3
Real property interest		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		34,878		(1,135	)	(2)	(2)	See Note 3		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		8,290		251	(2)	(2)	See Note 3
Other assets		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		11,524		(1,945	)	(2)	(2)	15 - 20 years		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		11,747		2,570	(2)	(2)	15 - 20 years
Construction in progress		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		24,597		—		(2)	(2)	See Note 3		—	(1)	(1)	(1)		34,908		-	(2)	(2)	See Note 3

⁽¹⁾Given the voluminous nature and variety of our real estate investment assets, this schedule omits columns C and D from the schedule III presentation.

⁽²⁾Because additions and improvements to our real estate investment assets are ongoing, construction and acquisition dates are not applicable.

⁽³⁾For the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the amount of capitalized costs related to the Distribution Systems is as follows (millions):

⁽⁴⁾ Tenant capital improvements represent, maintenance, repair, overbuild, upgrade or replacements to the leased network, including, without limitation, the replacement of copper distribution systems with fiber distribution systems. We receive non-monetary consideration related to the TCIs as they automatically become our property, and we recognize the cost basis of TCIs that are capital in nature.

⁽⁵⁾ Aggregate cost for Federal income tax purposes related to our real estate investment assets is ~~$6.5~~$6.6 billion.

Maryland	46-5230630
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
10802 Executive Center Drive Benton Building Suite 300 Little Rock, Arkansas	72211
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	1315
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	2224
Item 2.	Properties	2225
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	2527
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2631

PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	2732
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	2934
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3035
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	5364
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	5566
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	~~106~~131
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	~~106~~131
Item 9B.	Other Information	~~107~~132

PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	~~108~~133
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	~~108~~133
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	~~108~~133
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	~~109~~134
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	~~109~~134

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	~~110~~135
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	~~116~~142

Location	Towers
LA		~~154~~195
TX		65102
AR		54
IL		37
AL		36
WI		2531
ILMS		2429
ARKY		2225
ALGA		20
MO		20
NM		20
MSOK		1918
GATN		1713
NE		1211
KYOH		911
MN		710
OKKS		6
PA		56
TNSC		54
OHIN		3
NC		3
SCNY		3
Other⁽¹⁾		11
~~Total Domestic~~		~~430~~

~~Mexico~~		~~342~~
~~Colombia~~		~~101~~
~~Nicaragua~~		55
~~Total International~~		~~498~~
		15
Total		~~928~~672
⁽¹⁾ Includes 811 states.

Period	Payment Date	Cash Dividend Per Share		Record Date
October 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017	January 12, 2018	$	0.60	December 29, 2017
January 1, 2018 - March 31, 2018	April 13, 2018	$	0.60	March 30, 2018
April 1, 2018 - June 30, 2018	July 13, 2018	$	0.60	June 29, 2018
July 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018	October 15, 2018	$	0.60	September 28, 2018
October 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018	January 15, 2019	$	0.60	December 31, 2018

Period	Payment Date	Cash Dividend Per Share		Record Date
October 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018	January 15, 2019	$	0.60	December 31, 2018
January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019	April 15, 2019	$	0.05	April 1, 2019
April 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019	July 15, 2019	$	0.05	June 28, 2019
July 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019	October 15, 2019	$	0.05	September 30, 2019
October 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019	January 15, 2020	$	0.22	December 31, 2019

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

Location	Fiber Route Miles		Copper Route Miles		Total Route Miles
GA		9,800		45,000		54,800
TX		9,800		39,000		48,800
IA		8,400		31,500		39,900
KY		8,000		32,000		40,000
IL		6,300		—		6,300
MO		6,300		10,800		17,100
NC		4,500		18,100		22,600
AR		3,600		13,400		17,000
OH		3,300		10,400		13,700
IN		2,600		—		2,600
WI		2,200		—		2,200
FL		2,100		8,300		10,400
MI		2,000		—		2,000
CA		1,800		—		1,800
OK		1,800		12,000		13,800
PA		1,300		—		1,300
TN		1,200		—		1,200
VA		1,100		—		1,100
NM		1,100		5,100		6,200
WV		900		—		900
KS		800		—		800
Other⁽¹⁾		5,200		3,900		9,100
Total		84,100		229,500		313,600
⁽¹⁾ Includes 12 states.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share(1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1, 2018 to October 31, 2018		300	$	19.82		—		—
November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2018		3,940		20.10		—		—
December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018		—		—		—		—
Total		4,240	$	20.08		—		—

(Thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2017			% of Revenues	Year Ended December 31, 2016			% of Revenues
Revenues:
Leasing	$	685,099		74.8%	$	676,868		87.8%
Fiber Infrastructure		202,791		22.1%		70,568		9.2%
Tower		10,055		1.1%		500		0.1%
Consumer CLEC		18,087		2.0%		22,472		2.9%
Total revenues		916,032		100.0%		770,408		100.0%
Costs and Expenses:
Interest expense, net		305,994		33.4%		275,394		35.7%
Depreciation and amortization		434,205		47.4%		375,970		48.8%
General and administrative expense		72,045		7.9%		35,402		4.6%
Operating expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		102,176		11.2%		49,668		6.4%
Transaction related costs		38,005		4.1%		33,669		4.4%
Other expense		11,284		1.2%		-		0.0%
Total costs and expenses		963,709		105.2%		770,103		100.0%
						-
(Loss) income before income taxes		(47,677	)	(5.2%)		305		0.0%
Income tax (benefit) expense		(38,849	)	(4.2%)		517		0.1%
Net loss		(8,828	)	(1.0%)		(212	)	(0.0%)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		611		0.1%		-		0.0%
Net loss attributable to shareholders		(9,439	)	(1.0%)		(212	)	(0.0%)
Participating securities' share in earnings		(1,509	)	(0.2%)		(1,557	)	(0.2%)
Dividends declared on convertible preferred stock		(2,624	)	(0.3%)		(1,743	)	(0.2%)
Amortization of discount on convertible preferred stock		(2,980	)	(0.3%)		(1,985	)	(0.3%)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(16,552	)	(1.8%)	$	(5,497	)	(0.7%)

		Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		5667

Uniti Group Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets		5871
Consolidated Statements of Income		5972
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)		6073
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit		6174
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		6376
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		6478

	Operating Leases
(Thousands)	December 31, 2019⁽¹⁾		December 31, 2018⁽²⁾
2020	$	734,978	$	693,596
2021		729,380		696,713
2022		731,674		699,561
2023		734,804		702,663
2024		737,919		705,800
Thereafter		4,305,079		4,001,151
Total lease receivables	$	7,973,834	$	7,499,484
⁽¹⁾ Total future minimum lease payments to be received include $7.0 billion relating to the Master Lease with Windstream.
⁽²⁾ Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective transition approach.

(Thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets	$	4,257
Interest on lease liabilities		4,209
Total finance lease cost		8,466
Operating lease cost		26,446
Short-term lease cost		1,894
Variable lease cost		316
Less sublease income		(12,354	)
Total lease cost	$	24,768

(Thousands)	Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets	December 31, 2019
Operating leases
ROU asset, net	Other assets, net	$	127,490
ROU liability	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, net		127,879

Finance leases
ROU asset, gross	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	129,900
ROU liability	Finance lease obligations		52,994

Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases		11.8 years
Finance leases		13.9 years

Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases			9.7	%
Finance leases			8.0	%

(Thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	4,209
Operating cash flows from operating leases		27,835
Financing cash flows from finance leases		4,257

Non-cash items:
New operating leases	$	43,593
New finance leases		3,432

(Thousands)
2019	$	10,585
2020		7,543
2021		4,815
2022		3,186
2023		2,382
Thereafter		15,269
Total	$	43,780
⁽¹⁾ Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective transition approach.

2019	$	8,683
2020		7,357
2021		6,638
2022		6,484
2023		6,457
Thereafter		52,533
Total minimum payments		88,152
Less amount representing interest		(32,870	)
Total	$	55,282
⁽¹⁾ Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective transition approach.

(Thousands)	Sublease Rentals
2020	$	12,023
2021		12,077
2022		12,143
2023		12,304
2024		12,495
Thereafter		129,903
Total	$	190,945

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	139,566
Intangible assets		175,401
Other assets		8,946
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(3,095	)
Total purchase consideration	$	320,818

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	4,270
Cash and cash equivalents		5,931
Accounts receivable		3,909
Other assets		7,238
Goodwill		9,941
Intangible assets		30,254
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(2,645	)
Deferred revenue		(567	)
Total purchase consideration	$	58,331

	Year Ended		Year Ended
(Thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Pro forma revenue	$	1,054,192	$	967,512
Pro forma net income (loss)		17,727		(6,763	)

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	279,467
Cash and cash equivalents		1,992
Accounts receivable		11,139
Other assets		1,287
Goodwill		319,508
Intangible assets		160,100
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(19,846	)
Deferred revenue		(38,134	)
Deferred income taxes		(9,892	)
Capital lease obligations		(3,189	)
Total purchase consideration	$	702,432

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	59,682
Cash and cash equivalents		3,181
Accounts receivable		4,906
Other assets		413
Goodwill		99,580
Intangible assets		73,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(3,741	)
Deferred revenue		(6,036	)
Deferred income taxes		(43,550	)
Capital lease obligations		(164	)
Total purchase consideration	$	187,271

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	36,417
Accounts receivable		2,826
Other assets		1,623
Intangible assets		52,437
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(8,895	)
Intangible liabilities		(3,440	)
Deferred income taxes		(18,403	)
Total purchase consideration	$	62,565

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	163,680
Cash and cash equivalents		14,346
Accounts receivable		3,043
Other assets		2,595
Goodwill		117,032
Intangible assets		116,218
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(16,782	)
Deferred revenue		(23,900	)
Deferred income taxes		(24,866	)
Capital lease obligations		(6,750	)
Total purchase consideration	$	344,616

	Year Ended
(Thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2016
Pro forma revenue	$	798,054
Pro forma net (loss) income		(3,581	)

	(thousands)
Property, plant and equipment	$	293,030
Cash and cash equivalents		7,003
Accounts receivable		6,584
Other assets		5,161
Goodwill		145,054
Intangible assets		38,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(8,643	)
Deferred revenue		(12,700	)
Capital lease obligations		(49,195	)
Total purchase consideration	$	424,294

(Thousands)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Prices with Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Prices with Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
At December 31, 2019
Liabilities
Senior secured term loan B - variable rate, due October 24, 2022	$	1,998,721	$	—	$	1,998,721	$	—
Senior secured notes - 6.00% , due April 15, 2023		528,000		—		528,000		—
Senior unsecured notes - 8.25%, due October 15, 2023		971,250		—		971,250		—
Senior unsecured notes - 7.125%, due December 15, 2024		511,500		—		511,500		—
Exchangeable senior unsecured notes - 4.00%, due June 15, 2024		309,638		—		309,638		—
Senior secured revolving credit facility, variable rate, due April 24, 2022		574,961		—		574,961		—
Derivative liability		23,679		—		23,679		—
Contingent consideration		11,507		—		—		11,507
Total	$	4,929,256	$	—	$	4,917,749	$	11,507

	~~Year Ended December 31, 2018~~
~~Expected term (years)~~		~~0.5~~
~~Expected volatility~~		~~37.0~~	%
~~Expected annual dividend~~		~~11.3~~	%
~~Risk free rate~~		~~2.1~~	%

(Thousands)
2019	$	724,269
2020		693,596
2021		696,713
2022		699,561
2023		702,663
Thereafter		4,706,951
Total	$	8,223,753


Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category		Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Number of securities available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
		(a)	(b)	(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		-	-	~~6,724,876~~5,882,447¹
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		-	-	-
Total		-	-	~~6,724,876~~5,882,447

¹	Amount includes ~~4,724,876~~3,965,734 shares available for issuance under the Uniti Group Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan and ~~2,000,000~~1,916,713 shares under the Uniti Group Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Exhibit No.		Description
2.1		Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2015, by and among Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Services, LLC and Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of March 26, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
2.2		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 7, 2016, by and among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc., CSL Bandwidth Inc., Penn Merger Sub, LLC, PEG Bandwidth, LLC, PEG Bandwidth Holdings, LLC, and PEG Bandwidth Holdings, LLC, as Unitholders’ Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of January 12, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
2.3**		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 20, 2016, by and among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc., CSL Fiber Holdings LLC, Thor Merger Sub, Inc., Tower Cloud, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, as representative of the equityholders of Tower Cloud, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated and filed with the SEC as of August 11, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
2.4		First Amendment, dated as of August 11, 2016, to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 20, 2016, by and among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc., CSL Fiber Holdings LLC, Thor Merger Sub, Inc., Tower Cloud, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, as representative of the equityholders of Tower Cloud, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated and filed with the SEC as of August 11, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
2.5		Membership Interests Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2017, by and among Uniti Group Inc., Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc. and SLF Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 11, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
2.6		Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Uniti Group LP, dated July 3, 2017, by and between Uniti Group Inc. and Uniti Group LP LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of July 3, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))

Exhibit No.		Description
3.1		Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 10, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
3.2		Articles of Amendment of Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 28, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
3.3		Articles of Amendment of Uniti Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 18, 2018 (File No. 001-36708))
3.4		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Uniti Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated as of May 1, 2017 and filed with the SEC as of May 2, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.1		Indenture, dated as of April 24, 2015, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors named therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 8.25% Senior Notes due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
4.2		Form of 8.25% Senior Note due 2023 (included in Exhibit 4.1 above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
4.3		Second Supplemental Indenture (8.25% Senior Notes due 2023), dated as of October 19, 2016, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 23, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.4		Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2017, to the indenture dated as of April 24, 2015, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Inc., the guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 8.25% Senior Notes due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.5		Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2017, to the indenture dated as of April 24, 2015, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Inc., the guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 8.25% Senior Notes due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.6		Indenture, dated as of April 24, 2015, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors named therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee and as collateral agent, governing the 6.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
4.7		Form of 6.00% Senior Secured Note due 2023 (included in Exhibit 4.6 above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
4.8		Second Supplemental Indenture (6.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023), dated as of June 14, 2016, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 23, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))

Exhibit No.		Description
4.9		Third Supplemental Indenture (6.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023), dated as of October 19, 2016, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 23, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.10		Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2017, to the indenture dated as of April 24, 2015, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Inc., the guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent, governing the 6.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.11		Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2017, to the indenture dated as of April 24, 2015, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Inc., the guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent, governing the 6.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.12		Articles Supplementary for 3.00% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 4, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
4.13		Articles of Amendment to Articles Supplementary for 3.00% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.14		Indenture, dated as of December 15, 2016, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors named therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 7.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of December 15, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
4.15		Form of 7.125% Senior Note due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.14 above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of December 15, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
4.16		First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 22, 2017, to the Indenture, dated as of December 15, 2016, among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors named therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 7.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 23, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.17		Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2017, to the indenture dated as of December 15, 2016, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Inc., the guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 7.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.18		Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2017, to the indenture dated as of December 15, 2016, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, Uniti Group Inc., the guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 7.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of May 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
4.19		Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 11, 2017, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc., and CSL Capital, LLC, as Issuers, the guarantors named therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 7.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated and filed with the SEC as of November 2, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))

Exhibit No.		Description
~~10.1~~4.20		Indenture, dated as of June 28, 2019, among Uniti Fiber Holdings, Inc., as issuer, Uniti Group Inc. and the other guarantors named therein, as guarantors, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, governing the 4.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 25, 2019 and filed with the SEC as of June 28, 2019 (File No. 001-36708))
4.21		Form of 4.00% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.20 above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 25, 2019 and filed with the SEC as of June 28, 2019 (File No. 001-36708))
4.22*		Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
4.23		Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2020, among Uniti Group LP, Uniti Fiber Holdings Inc., Uniti Group Finance 2019 Inc., CSL Capital, LLC, the guarantors named therein, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee and collateral agent, governing the 7.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 10, 2020 (File No. 001-36708))
4.24		Form of 7.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (included in Exhibit 4.23 above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 10, 2020 (File No. 001-36708))
10.1		Master Lease, entered into as of April 24, 2015, by and among CSL National, ~~L.P.~~LP and the other entities listed therein, as Landlord, and Windstream Holdings, Inc., as Tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
10.2		Tax Matters Agreement, entered into as of April 24, 2015, by and among Windstream Holdings, Inc., Windstream Services, LLC and Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
10.3		Transition Services Agreement, dated April 24, 2015, by and between Windstream Services, LLC and CSL National, L.P., on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, including Talk America Services, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
10.4		Intellectual Property Matters Agreement, dated as of April 24, 2015, by and among Windstream Services, LLC, individually and on behalf of its subsidiaries that may hold certain intellectual property as described therein, CSL National, LP, and Talk America Services, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
10.5		Wholesale Master Services Agreement, dated April 24, 2015, between Windstream Communications, Inc. and Talk America Services, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
10.6		Master Services Agreement, dated as of April 24, 2015, by and between Windstream Services, LLC, on behalf of itself and its competitive local exchange and interexchange carrier affiliates, and Talk America Services, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))
10.7		Credit Agreement, dated as of April 24, 2015, by and among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as Borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto from time to time and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, swing line lender and L/C issuer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of April 27, 2015 (File No. 001-36708))

Exhibit No.		Description
10.8		Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 21, 2016 by and among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of October 21, 2016 (File No. 001-36708))
10.9		Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2017 by and among Communications Sales & Leasing, Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC as of February 9, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
10.10		Amendment No. 3 (Incremental Amendment) to the Credit Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2017 by and among Uniti Group Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated as of May 1, 2017 and filed with the SEC as of May 2, 2017 (File No. 001-36708))
10.11*10.11		Amendment No. 4 and Limited Waiver to the Credit Agreement, dated as of March 18, 2019, among Uniti Group Inc., as parent guarantor, Uniti Group LP, Uniti Group Finance Inc. and CSL Capital, LLC, as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral ~~agent.~~