UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192022

or

For the transition period from             to             

Commission File Number 001-14429

SKECHERS U.S.A., INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

228 Manhattan Beach Blvd.,

Manhattan Beach, California 90266

(310) 318-3100

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☒

Ifsecurities areregistered pursuant toSection 12(b)oftheAct,indicate bycheckmarkwhether thefinancial statements oftheregistrant included inthefilingreflectthecorrection ofanerrortopreviously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate bycheckmarkwhether anyofthoseerrorcorrectionsarerestatementsthatrequired arecoveryanalysis ofincentive-based compensation received byanyoftheregistrant’sexecutive officers during therelevant recovery period pursuant to§240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of June 30, 2019,2022, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting Class A and Class B Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $4.2$4.9 billion based upon the closing price of $31.49$35.58 of the Class A Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such date.

The number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of February 17, 2020: 134,497,828.15, 2023: 134,473,612.

The number of shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding as of February 17, 2020: 22,407,803.15, 2023: 20,810,041.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement issued in connection with the 20202023 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders of the registrant are incorporated by reference into Part III.

Skechers U.S.A., INC. and subsidiaries

tableForm 10-K

Table of contents TO ANNUAL REPORT ON form 10-k

for the year ended DECEMBER 31, 2019Contents

This annual report includes our trademarks including Skechers^®, Skechers Performance^™, Skechers GOrun^®, Skechers GOwalk^®,Skechers GOgolf^®, Skechers GOtrain^®, Skechers on-the-GO^®, ^®, ^®, ^®,, Skechers Cali^®, Skecher Street^®, Skechers USA^®, Skechers Active^™, Skechers Sport Active^™, Skechers Work^™, Mark Nason^®, D’Lites^®, DLT-A^®,BOBS^®, Energy Lights^®,Skech-Air^®, Twinkle Toes^®, Z-Strap^®, Mega-Flex^®, Luminators^®, Heart Lights^™, Relaxed Fit^®, Arch Fit^™, Ultra GO^®, Hyper Burst^®, Skechers Memory Foam^™, and Air-cooled Memory Foam^®, each of which is our property. This report contains additional trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

i

Special Note SPECIAL NOTE ON Forward-lookingon Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Section 27A of thePrivate Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)1995, including statements with regards to future revenue, projected 2020 operating results, earnings, spending, margins, cash flow, orders, expected timing of shipment of products, inventory levels, future growth or success in specific countries, categories or market sectors, continued or expected distribution to specific retailers, liquidity, capital resources and market risk, strategies and objectives. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or simply state future results, performance or achievements, and can be identified by the use of forward-looking language such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “will, be,” “will continue,” “will result,” “could,” “may,” “might,” or any variations of such words with similar meanings. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements, and reported results shall not be considered an indication of our company’s future performance. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include:

The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report may include additional factors that could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risk factors emerge from time to time. We cannot predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these inherent and changing risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect our opinions only as of the date of this annual report, as a prediction of actual results. We undertake no obligation to publicly release any revisions to the forward-looking statements after the date of this document, except as otherwise required by reporting requirements of applicable federal and statesstate securities laws.

PART I

We wereSkechers U.S.A., Inc., The Comfort Technology Company^TM, was incorporated in California in 1992 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. Throughout this annual report, we refer to Skechers U.S.A., Inc., a Delaware corporation, its consolidated subsidiaries and certain variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of which it is the primary beneficiary, is referred to throughout this annual report as “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company”“the Company” and “Skechers” unless otherwise indicated. Reference in this annual report to “Sales”“sales” refers to Skechers’ net sales reported under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.principles. Our internet address is www.skechers.com. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, Form 3’s, 4’s and 5’s filed on behalf of directors, officers and 10% stockholders, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge on our corporate website, www.investors.skechers.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You can learn more about us by reviewing such filings at www.investors.skechers.com or at the SEC’s website, at www.sec.gov.

GENERAL

We design and market Skechers-branded lifestyle footwear for men, women and children, and performance footwear for men and women under the Skechers Performance brand name, and work footwear for men and women under Skechers Work brand name. We also design and market men’s and women’s Skechers branded lifestyle apparel and license the Skechers brand to others for accessories, pet accessories, leather goods, eyewear and scrub manufacturers,medical scrubs, among others.other categories. Skechers footwear reflects a combination of innovation, style, quality, comfort, qualityinnovation and value that appeals to a broad range of consumers. Our product offering is sold through wholesale distribution to department and specialty stores, athletic and independent retailers, boutiques and internet retailers. In additione-commerce retailers, and directly to wholesale distribution, our footwear is available on our direct-to-consumer websitesconsumers through Skechers brick and our own retailmortar and digital stores. As of February 1, 2020, we owned and operated 107 concept stores, 171 factory outlet stores and 219 warehouse outlet stores in the United States, and 199 concept stores, 93 factory outlet stores, and 10 warehouse outlet stores internationally. Our objective is to profitably grow our operations worldwide while leveraging our recognizable Skechers brand through our diversified product lines, innovative advertising and diversifiedvarious distribution channels.

We seek to offer consumers a vast array of footwear that satisfies their active, casual, dress casual and athletic footwear needs. Our core consumers are style-conscious men and women attracted to our relevant brand image, fashion-forward designs, affordable and comfortable product, as well as athletes and fitness enthusiasts attracted to our performance footwear. Many of our best-selling and core styles are also developed for children with colors and materials that reflect a playful image appropriate for this demographic. Further, we offer children a unique collection of footwear designed just for them, including those with innovative light technology.

We believe that brand recognition is an important element for success in the footwear business. We have aggressively marketedmarket our brands through comprehensive marketing campaigns for men, women and children. During 2019, theThe Skechers brand wasis supported by print, television, digital, radio, outdoor and outdoorpress campaigns targeted to men and women, boys and girls; marathons and other athletic events for Skechers Performance; and grass roots andas well as donation events for BOBS from Skechers divisions.Skechers. To further drive recognition, we have enlistedenlist numerous celebrities, former and current athletes, and influencers to appear in our campaigns, including globally-known recording artist Camila Cabello; sports legendscampaigns. In 2022, our brand ambassadors included television personalities and entertainers Martha Stewart, Amanda Kloots, Brooke Burke, Willie Nelson and Chesca, athlete Clayton Kershaw, and former athletes Sugar Ray Leonard, Tony Romo, Howie Long, Tony Romo,Cris Carter, Meb Keflezighi, and David Ortiz;Rusty Wallace. More recently, culture and television personality and actress Brooke Burke. For the Skechers Performance Division, we also had the followingentertainment icon Snoop Dogg joined our stable of brand ambassadors. Additionally, athletes appear insupporting our marketing campaigns:professionalperformance footwear included runner Edward Cheserek, elite golfers Matt Kuchar,Fitzpatrick, Brooke Henderson Russell Knox, Wesley Bryan, Billy Andrade, and Colin Montgomerie; triathlete Lionel Sanders; plus, elite runners Meb Keflezighi, Weldon KiruiMontgomerie, and Edward Cheserek.pro pickleball players Tyson McGuffin and Catherine Parenteau.

Since 1992, when we introduced our first line, Skechers USA Sport Utility Footwear, we have expanded our product offering and grown our sales while substantially increasing the breadth and penetration of our account and customer base. Our men’s, women’s and children’s product lines benefit from the Skechers reputation for styling,style, quality, comfort, and innovation and affordability.all at a reasonable price. Our performancePerformance lines benefit from our marketing, product development, technology, wins on the course or track, and feedback from athletes and wear testers. To promote innovation and brand relevance, we manage our product lines through separate dedicated sales and design teams. Our product lines share back office services in order to limit our operating expenses and fully utilize our management’s vast experience in the footwear industry.

SKECHERS LINES

We offer a wide array of Skechers-branded footwear lines, for men, women and children, many of which have categoriescollections that have developed into well-known names. Most of these categoriescollections are marketed and packaged with unique shoe boxes, hangtags and in-store support.

From fashion styles to lifestyle product and performance shoes for sport enthusiasts, our offering is enhanced with the Company’s signature comfort innovations—including its Skechers Arch Fit® Technology, Skechers Max Cushioning® Technology, Skechers Air‑Cooled Memory Foam®, Skechers Relaxed Fit® Technology, Skechers Stretch Fit® Technology, Skechers Hands Free Slip-ins® Technology, Skechers Hyper Burst® Technology, and Massage Fit® Technology.

Lifestyle Brands. Our lifestyle offering includes categories such as Skechers USA, Skechers Sport, Skechers Active, Modern Comfort, Skechers Street, Foamies, Mark Nason, the charity-minded BOBS from Skechers collection, and the recycled materials line Our Planet Matters, among others. Types of footwear sold under this division include casual, casual athletic, sport athletic, trail, sandals, boots, and fashion, and also include the well-known Skechers Uno, Skechers Arch Fit®, and new in 2022, Skechers Hands Free Slip-ins™. Innovation is also important within our lifestyle offering and select styles include patented designs including podiatrist-certified arch support and outsoles for enhanced traction, stability and durability.

Within our lifestyle collections are generally sold through department stores,collaborations with known brands and properties—including street artists like James Goldcrown and well-known animated characters like tokidoki.

Performance Brands. Skechers Performance encompasses several technical footwear specialty stores, athletic retailers,lines, each designed for specific activities to maximize performance and promote comfort. The Skechers retail stores Performance division designs footwear to utilize the latest advancements in materials and innovative design, including lightweight Ultra GO and Hyper Burst midsole compounds for comfort and responsive feedback. Skechers Performance includes the lines Skechers GOrun, Skechers GOwalk, Skechers GOtrain, Skechers GOtrail, and Skechers GO Golfas well as Skechers Viper Court for pickleball.

Skechers Kidswww.skechers.com. Skechers Kids is comprised of a wide range of sneakers, casuals, boots, and sandals for boys and girls of all ages – pairing the latest trends with innovative comfort technology. The Skechers Kids offering includes its namesake collection, S-Lights, Skech-Air, Foamies, Twinkle Toes, Skechers Stretch Fit, and Skechers Street.

Skechers Work. Skechers Work offers a complete line of men’s and numerous online accounts. Management evaluates segment performance based primarily on saleswomen’s slip-resistant and gross margins; however, salessafety-toe casuals, boots, hikers and costs are not allocated to specific product lines.athletic shoes for professionals who use protective footwear in their work environments. Skechers Work styles include Skechers comfort technologies along with safety and durability features such as steel, composite and lightweight safety toes; high-abrasion soles; puncture resistance; waterproofing and electrostatic-dissipative technology.

Skechers ApparelIn addition,. Skechers designs and markets a collection of lifestyleslifestyle apparel for men, women and kids. The collection features the same Skechers characteristics that consumers around the world have come to expect from the brand—comfort, style, innovation and quality at a value.brand. The activewear garments are designed to directly coordinate with the brand’s footwear initiatives.products. The Skechers apparel collection is sold at Skechers retail stores, toon our domesticwebsites and through wholesale accounts and select international partners.

Lifestyle Brands

Skechers USA. Our Skechers USA category for men and women includes: (i) Dress Casuals and Modern Comfort, (ii) Casuals, (iii) Casual Athletic, and (iv) seasonal sandals and boots. Styles are available in several fits, including Classic Fit, Relaxed Fit, Wide Fit and Extra Wide.

Skechers Sport. Our Skechers Sport footwear collection for men and women includes: (i) lightweight sport athletic lifestyle products, (ii) classic athletic-inspired styles, (iii) sport sandals and booties, and (iv) retro and fashion. Many Skechers Sport styles are enhanced with comfort features such as Skechers Air-Cooled Memory Foam^™ insoles, lightweight designs, flexible outsoles and soft uppers such as bio-engineered mesh, soft knit fabrics and stretchable woven materials. Known for bright, multi-colored and solid basic-colored uppers, Skechers Sport is distinguished by its technical performance-inspired looks; however, we generally do not promote the technical performance features of these shoes. Styles are available in several fits including Classic Fit, Relaxed Fit, Arch Fit, Wide Fit and Extra Wide.

Skechers Active and Skechers Sport Active. A natural companion to Skechers Sport, Skechers Active and Skechers Sport Active have grown from a casual everyday line into two complete lines of sneakers and casual sneakers for active females of all ages. The Skechers Active line, with lace-ups, Mary Janes, sandals and open back styles, is available in a multitude of colors as well as solid white or black, in knits, fabrics, leathers and meshes, and with various closures—traditional laces, zig-zag and cross straps, among others. The Skechers Sport Active line includes low-profile, lightweight, flexible and sporty styles, many of which have Skechers Air-Cooled Memory Foam^™.

Skechers Cali. This collection typifies the California lifestyle with beach-inspired colors, vivid prints and funky accents. This line of hot summer-styled looks features an eclectic collection of flip flops, sandals, and wedges all perfect for young women everywhere who love the sun.

Skecher Street^™. A bold urban street-inspired sneaker collection for millennials and young women, Skecher Street^™ delivers sneakers, platforms and fashion trainers with premium metallic finishes, sophisticated takes on glimmer embellishments and playful embroidered pairs with star and graphic treatments. Skecher Street™ styles pair the latest trends with comfort features including Air Cooled Memory Foam insoles, the brand’s patented Rise Fit technology and contoured barefoot liners.

BOBS from Skechers. The core of the BOBS from Skechers line is its vast assortment of colorful, playful and classic espadrilles. The line now also includes vulcanized and sport looks, sandals and comfortable faux fur styles for home. Many styles also feature Skechers Memory Foam.

For each pair of specially packaged BOBS from Skechers footwear, select apparel items and pet accessories sold in the United States in 2019, twenty-five cents was donated to Petco Foundation to help save the lives of dogs and cats in America’s shelters –Donations for this program totaled more than $1.5 million which helped more than 371,000 shelter pets in the United States, of which more than 348,000 were saved through pet adoptions. Since BOBS launched its mission to help shelter animals in 2015, the brand has raised over $5.0 million and helped more than 954,000 animals, including more than 588,000 animals have been saved to date.

Skechers also continues to donate new shoes to children in need through the BOBS program. Since 2011, more than 15.2 million pairs of new kids’ shoes have been donated, including approximately 289,000 pairs in 2019.  The charitable shoes are primarily donated to charity partner Soles4Souls, which then donates the shoes to various reputable charity organizations in the United States and around the world.

Mark Nason. Inspired by classic rock and roll and its trends, the Mark Nason collection originally started with Italian crafted exotic offerings of boots and accessories. The high-end collection has evolved into Mark Nason Los Angeles, an expanded offering of dress, casual and active styles for style-conscious men, with many featuring Premium Relaxed Fit construction and Memory Foam Lux insoles for enhanced comfort.

Performance Brands

Skechers Performance. Skechers Performance is a collection of technical footwear designed with a focus on a specific activity to maximize performance and promote natural motion. Developed by the Skechers Performance Division, the footwear utilizes the latest advancements in materials and innovative design, including ultra-lightweight Resalyte or the latest Hyper Burst midsole compounds for comfort and an outsole that delivers responsive feedback.

Skechers Kids

The Skechers Kids line includes: (i) Skechers Kids, which is a range of infants’, toddlers’, boys’ and girls’ boots, shoes, high-tops, sneakers and sandals, (ii) Skechers’ athletic-inspired sneakers with Memory Foam, (iii) Twinkle Toes, (iv) character supported collections, (v) Lighted footwear, and (vi) the Shaq by Skechers basketball collection.

Skechers Kids lines include shoes that are designed as “takedowns” of their adult counterparts, allowing the younger consumers the opportunity to wear the same popular styles as their older siblings and schoolmates. This “takedown” strategy maintains the product’s integrity by offering premium leathers, hardware and outsoles without the costs involved in designing and developing new products. In addition, we adapt current fashions from our men’s and women’s lines by modifying designs and choosing colors and materials that are more suitable for the playful image that we have established in the children’s footwear market. Each Skechers Kids line is marketed and packaged separately with a distinct shoe box.

Skechers Work

Skechers Work offers a complete line of men’s and women’s casuals such as field boots, hikers and athletic shoes, many of which may also include Skechers Memory Foam^™. The Skechers Work line includes athletic-inspired, casual safety toe and non-slip

safety toe categories that may feature lightweight aluminum safety toe, electrical hazard and slip-resistant technologies, as well as breathable, seam-sealed waterproof membranes. Designed for men and women working in jobs with certain safety requirements, these durable styles are constructed on high-abrasion, long-wearing soles, and feature breathable lining, oil- and abrasion-resistant outsoles offering all-day comfort and prolonged durability. The Skechers Work line incorporates design elements from other Skechers men’s and women’s lines. The uppers are comprised of high-quality leather, nubuck, trubuck and durabuck. Our safety toe athletic sneakers, boots, hikers and casuals are ideal for environments requiring safety footwear, and offer comfort and safety in dry or wet conditions. Our slip-resistant boots, hikers, athletics, casuals, clogs and comfortable sneakers are ideal for the service industry. The Skechers Healthcare Pro SR Series offers slip and stain resistant footwear with air-cooled memory foam in a wide range of colors for medical professionals.  Our safety toe products have been independently tested and certified to meet ASTM standards, and our slip-resistant soles have been tested pursuant to the Mark II testing method for slip-resistance. Skechers Work is typically sold through department stores, athletic footwear retailers and specialty shoe stores, and is marketed directly to consumers through business-to-business channels.customers.

PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Our principal goal in product design is to develop innovative, comfortable, stylish, quality footwear at a reasonable price for the entire family. Our footwear is designed for active lifestyles and consumers needing comfort in their footwear from fashionable 18- to 34-year-olds, to a broader base of 5- to 50-year-olds, and even an exclusive selection for infants and toddlers. Designed by the Skechers Performance Division, our performance products are for professional and recreational athletes who want a technical shoe that performs under the demands of competition. Our occupational footwear is designed to meet the specifications and demands of the service, medical and construction industries while also meeting testing specifications in the markets where the product is sold.

We believe that our products’ success is related to our ability to recognize trends in the footwear markets and to design products that anticipate and accommodate consumers’ ever-evolving preferences. We are able to quickly translate the latest fashion trends into stylish, quality footwear at a reasonable price by analyzing and interpreting current and emerging lifestyle trends. Lifestyle trend information is compiled and analyzed by our designers in various ways, including reviewing and analyzing pop culture, clothing, and trend-setting media; traveling to domestic and international fashion markets to identify and confirm current trends; consulting with our retail and direct-to-consumer customers for information on current retail selling trends; participating in major footwear trade shows to stay abreast of popular brands, fashions and styles; and subscribing to various fashion and color information services. In addition, a key component of our design philosophy is to continually reinterpret and developimprove our most successful styles in our brands’ images.

The footwear design process typically begins about nine months before the start of a season. Our products are designed and developed primarily by our in-house design staff. To promote innovation and brand relevance, we utilize dedicated design teams, who report to our senior design executives and focus on each of the men’s, women’s and children’s categories. In addition, we utilize outside design firms on an item-specific basis to supplement our internal design efforts. The design process is extremely collaborative, as members of the design staff frequently meet with the heads of retail, merchandising, sales, production and sourcing to further refine our products to meet the particular needs of the target market.

After a design team arrives at a consensus regarding the fashion themes for the coming season, the designers then translate these themes into our products. These interpretations include variations in product color, material structure and embellishments, which are arrived at after close consultation with our production department. Prototype blueprints and specifications are created and forwarded to our manufacturers for design prototypes. The design prototypes are then sent back to our design teams. Our major retail customers may also review these new design concepts. Customer input not only allows us to measure consumer reaction to the latest designs, but also affords us an opportunity to foster deeper and more collaborative relationships with our customers. We also occasionally order limited production runs that may initially be tested in our concept stores with our test and react program, which gives us further insight into the strength of particular styles and allow our design teams to quickly modify and refine our designs. Generally, the production process can take six to nine months from design concept to commercialization.

For disclosure of product design and development costs during the last three fiscal years, see Note 1 - The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.styles.

SOURCING

Factories. Our products are produced by independent contract manufacturers located primarily in China and Vietnam.Asia. We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. We believe that the use of independent manufacturers substantially increases our production flexibility and capacity, while reducing capital expenditures and avoiding the costs of managing a large production work force. For disclosure of information regarding the risks associated with having our manufacturing operations abroad and relying on independent contract manufacturers, see the relevant risk factors under Item 1A of this annual report.

When possible, we seek to use manufacturers that have previously produced our footwear, which we believe enhances continuity and quality while controlling production costs. WeTo help avoid disruption of our product supply due to political instability, civil unrest, economic instability, changes in government policies or regulations, natural and manmade disasters, and other risks, we source product for styles that account for a significant percentage of our sales from at least five different manufacturers. During 2019, five of our contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 40.6% of total purchases. One manufacturer accounted for 16.0%, and another accounted for 7.3% of our total purchases. To date, we have not experienced difficulty in obtaining manufacturing services or with the availability of raw materials.

We finance our production activities in part through the use of interest-bearing open purchase arrangements with certain of our contract manufacturers. Thesemultiple facilities currently bear interest at a rate between 0.0% and 0.5% for 30- to 60-day financing, depending on the factory.across multiple countries. We believe that the use of these arrangements affords us additional liquidity and flexibility. We do not have any long-term contracts with any ofexisting production capacity at our manufacturers. However, we have long-standing relationships with many of our contract manufacturers and believe our relationshipsthird-party manufacturers’ facilities is sufficient to be good.

We closely monitor sales activity after initial introduction of a producthandle expected volume in our concept stores and on-line to determine whether there is substantial demand for a style, thereby aiding us in our sourcing decisions. Styles that have substantial consumer appeal are highlighted in upcoming collections or offered as part of our periodic style offerings, while less popular styles can be discontinued after a limited production run. We believe that sales in our concept stores can also help forecast sales in national retail stores, and we share this sales information with our wholesale customers. Sales, merchandising, production and allocations management analyze historical and current sales, and market data from our wholesale account base and our own retail stores to develop an internal product quantity forecast that allows us to better manage our future production and inventory levels. For those styles with high sell-through percentages, we maintain an in-stock position to minimize the time necessary to fill customer orders by placing orders with our manufacturers prior to the time we receive customers’ orders for such footwear.foreseeable future.

Production Oversight. To safeguard product quality and consistency, we oversee the key aspects of production from initial prototype manufacture, through initial production runs, to final manufacture. Monitoring of all production is performed in the United StatesU.S. by our in-house production department and in Asia through a 355-personby staff working from our offices in China and Vietnam. We believe that our AsianAsia presence allows us to negotiate supplier and manufacturer arrangements more effectively, decrease product turnaround time, and ensure timely delivery of finished footwear. In addition, we require our manufacturers to certify that neither convicted, forced nor indentured labor (as defined under U.S. law), nor child labor (as defined by lawoperate in a manner consistent with the manufacturer’s country) is used in the production process, that compensation will be paid according to local law, and that the factory is in compliance with local safety regulations. We are committed to humane conditions for every individual who producesSkechers Supplier Code of Conduct posted on our product from beginning to end.corporate website. We partner with factories that ensure humane conditions for their employees and we engage in routine auditing and monitoring procedures to ensure that those who contribute to our product are treated with the civility and respect they deserve.respect.

Quality Control. We believe that quality control is an important and effective means of maintaining the quality and reputation of our products.products and brand. Our quality control program is designed to ensure that not only finished goods meet our established design specifications but also thatand all goods bearing our trademarks meet our standards for quality. Our quality control personnel located in China and Vietnam perform an array of inspection procedures at various stages of the production process, including examination and testing of prototypes of key raw materials prior to manufacture, samples and materials at various stages of production and final products prior to shipment. Our employees are on-site at each of our major manufacturers to oversee production. For some of our lower volume manufacturers, our staff is on-site during significant production runs, or we will perform unannounced visits to their manufacturing sites to further monitor compliance with our manufacturing specifications.

Sustainability. We havebelieve sustainability is an important responsibility in managing our business. In 2021, we introduced Our Planet Matters, a collection for men, women and kids that utilizes recycled materials. We partnered with a global conservation organization to help fund its organization’s global efforts which align with our interests and commitment to reduce tree harvesting and emissions through packaging.

We worked to make our packaging more sustainable for the more-than-189more-than-225 million pairsunits of Skechers that consumers purchase every year.purchased in 2022. Since 2016, we’vewe have reduced our products’ packaging plastics by 85%99% down to 10%less than 1%; all of our foot forms, and have made all remaining plastics completelywhich is recyclable. Many facilities can now recycle 94%93% of Skechers-branded shoeboxes, and all of our foot forms and tissue paper packaging is now alsoare recyclable and printed with soy-or water-based ink. We are proud to haveFurther, 99% of our shoes packaged in shoeboxes that meet the FSC® standard for responsible resources, – and we are continually looking outlook for new ways to improve with green materials, regular assessments, and assurance that our items are FSC-certified, recycled or ethically harvested. Our shipping methods reflect our green-minded approach to sustainability: master cartons are printed with soy-or-water-based ink and are 100% recyclable, and at the distribution centers managing more than 90% of our business, our outbound shipping cartons are composed of 96%-100% recycled materials and are 100% recyclable.

Many of our facilities are designed and operated with sustainability in mind, including one of America’s largest LEED Gold certified facilities at our North America distribution center in Southern California. Our expanding corporate offices in Los Angeles, California are being designed and developed to qualify for LEED Gold certification. Our European Distribution Center in Liege, Belgium, has both a BREEAM Very Good rating and a Lean and Green certification.

ADVERTISING AND MARKETING

With a marketing philosophy of “Unseen, Untold, Unsold,” we take a targeted and 360-degree approach to marketing to drive traffic, build brand recognition and properly position our diverse lines within the marketplace. Senior management is directly involved in shaping our image and the conception, development and implementation of our advertising and marketing activities. Our marketing planstrategy has an omni-channel approach, asand we utilize print, outdoor, television, radio, and digital, along with public relations, influencers and social media, promotions, events and in-store.in-store events. In addition, we utilize celebrity and athlete endorsers in some of our advertisements. We also believe our websites and trade shows are effective marketing tools to both consumers and wholesale accounts.

PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION

We have historically budgeted advertising astwo reportable segments: Wholesale and Direct-to-Consumer. The Company’s collections are available in approximately 180 countries and territories through department and specialty stores, and direct to consumers through digital stores and approximately 4,540 Company- and third-party-owned physical retail stores. The Company manages its international business through a percentagenetwork of projected sales.wholly-owned subsidiaries, joint venture partners, and distributors.

The majorityOur subsidiaries and joint ventures merchandise, market and distribute Skechers product to generate sales in their countries, and we consolidate their results in our financial statements. Our joint venture interests include China, Malaysia and Singapore (50%), Thailand and Israel (51%), Mexico (60%), and South Korea (65%). Where we do not sell directly through our international subsidiaries and joint ventures, our footwear is distributed through a network of distributors and licensees who sell our advertising is conceptualizedproducts to department, athletic and specialty stores.

Wholesale. Our Wholesale segment primarily comprises sales to a vast network of partners. These include: department stores, family shoe stores, specialty running and sporting goods retailers, and big box club stores; franchisee and licensee third-party store operators representing approximately 3,100 Skechers branded stores worldwide; dedicated e-commerce retailers; and international distributors.

Direct-to-Consumer. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment primarily comprises sales by our in-house design team; however, some campaigns are designedSkechers directly to consumers through a combination of channels. These include approximately 1,450 company-owned retail stores in formats consisting of concept, factory outlet and big box; digital commerce sites and mobile applications; and hosted direct-to-consumer sales through marketplaces in select international markets to reflect local culture. We believe that our advertising strategies, methods and creative campaigns are directly related to our success. We generally seek to build and drive brand awareness, create purchase intent and inform the consumer about new innovations and lines. Our campaigns are designed to provide merchandise flexibility and to facilitate the brand’s direction.

Brand Ambassadors. To further build brand awareness and influence consumer spending, we have selectively signed endorsement agreements with celebrities whom we believe will reach new markets. In 2019, our Skechers lifestyle endorsees included Camila Cabello and David Ortiz, as well as Brooke Burke, Sugar Ray Leonard, Howie Long, and Tony Romo. Additionally, we announced an agreement with Dodgers pitcher Clayton Kershaw to appear in marketing campaigns beginning in 2020, as well as to collaborate on performance training shoes and custom cleats for him to wear on the mound. Our 2019 Skechers Performance Division endorsees included elite runners Meb Kelfezighi, Weldon Kirui, Lionel Sanders and Edward Cheserek, and professional golfers Matt Kuchar, Brooke Henderson, Billy Andrade, Russell Knox, Wesley Bryan and Colin Montgomerie. Additionally, several international markets signed local ambassadors for marketing campaigns. Along with these global ambassadors, we also had local or regional ambassadors including pop groups for numerous countries in Asia. From time to time, we may sign other celebrities to endorse our brand name and image in order to strategically market our products among specific consumer groups in the future.

Print. With a targeted approach, our print ads appear in specialized sport, popular fashion, lifestyle and pop culture publications in the United States and around the world.

Television. Our television commercials are produced both in-house and through producers that we have utilized in the past who are familiar with our brands. In 2019, we developed commercials for men, women and children for our Skechers brands, including our animated spots for kids, as well as live action commercials. We also had commercials for our golf collection lines that featured our elite golfers, and for our lifestyle lines that feature our team of ambassadors. We have found these to be cost-effective ways to advertise on key national and cable programming during high-selling seasons. Many of our television commercials are translated into multiple languages and aired in numerous markets around the world. Further, select markets have also created television commercials specific to their market with local celebrities.

Outdoor. To reach consumers where they shop and in high-traffic areas as they travel to and from work, at times we execute outdoor campaigns that may include mall and telephone kiosks, billboards, transportation systems and airports, and the covering of large stadiums and buildings around the world. In many markets these now include LED billboards that broadcast our commercials. In addition, we advertised on perimeter boards at soccer matches and professional sporting events in Japan, Europe, Latin America and Canada. We believe these mediums are an effective and efficient way to target specific consumers.

Public Relations.Our public relations objectives are to accurately position Skechers as a leading footwear brand within the business, general news and trade publications as well as to secure product placement in key magazines and television shows. We have been featured in leading business publications with interviews of our executives discussing our business strategy and position within the footwear market. We have amassed an array of prominent product placements in leading fashion, lifestyle, sports and pop culture magazines and websites.

Social Media. With the goal of engaging with consumers, showcasing our product in relatable settings and relaying the latest news, we have built communities on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube in the United States and in countries around the world where our product is sold. To promote both our lifestyle and performance brands, we have developed several unique channels under Skechers, Skechers Performance, BOBS from Skechers and Mark Nason Los Angeles. The online communities also connect consumers around the world, allowing an easy glimpse into trends and events in other countries. Additionally, many countries also utilize platforms specific to their market, such as Line in Japan and Weibo in China. We have also placed our footwear on the feet of trend-setting influencers, celebrities and their families, sharing this content across our channels.

Promotions and Events. By applying creative sales techniques via a broad spectrum of media, our marketing team seeks to build brand recognition and drive traffic to Skechers retail stores, websites and our retail partners’ locations. Skechers’ promotional strategies have encompassed in-store specials, charity events, product tie-ins and giveaways and collaborations with national retailers and radio stations. In 2019, we appeared at walks and at numerous marathons in Boston, New York, Santiago, Mumbai, Shanghai, and other cities with Skechers Performance branded booths to allow runners the ability to try on and often buy our products. In 2019, the Skechers Performance Division was the title sponsor of the Skechers Performance Los Angeles Marathon, footwear and apparel sponsor for the Houston Marathon, and footwear sponsor for Ironman Pucon in Chile. Additionally, for golf, Skechers was footwear sponsor for the Charles Schwab Cup PGA Championship in the United States, sponsored the Solheim Cup European team and collaborated on an exclusive style for the Evian Championship in France. These were among the many Skechers-sponsored events worldwide. Our products were made available to consumers directly or through key accounts at many of these events. In addition, we partnered with key accounts by donating BOBS footwear to children in need at donation events in cities throughout the United States, which built our relationships with these accounts as well as the local communities. As part of our BOBS for Dogs charity program we also partnered with the Petco Foundation and donated more than $1.5 million in 2019 and have raised more than $5.0 million helping and saving animals to date.

Visual Merchandising.Our in-house visual merchandising department supports wholesale customers, distributors and our retail stores by developing displays that effectively leverage our products at the point of sale. Our point-of-purchase display items include signage, graphics, displays, counter cards, banners and other merchandising items for each of our brands. These materials mirror the look and feel of each brand to reinforce the image and draw consumers into stores.

Our visual merchandising coordinators (“VMC’s”) work with our sales force and directly with our customers to ensure better sell-through at the retail level by generating greater consumer awareness through Skechers brand displays. Our VMC’s communicate with and visit our wholesale customers on a regular basis to aid in proper display of our merchandise. They also run in-store promotions to enhance the sale of Skechers footwear and create excitement surrounding the Skechers brand. We believe that these efforts help stimulate impulse sales and repeat purchases.

Trade Shows. To showcase our diverse products to footwear buyers in the United States and Europe and to distributors around the world, we regularly exhibit at leading trade shows. Along with specialty trade shows, we exhibit at FFANY, The Licensing Show and Outdoor Retailer in the United States; MICAM, Gallery and ISPO in Europe; and other international shows.

Digital. In 2019, we continued marketing campaigns on YouTube, Facebook and Instagram, and launched digital campaigns in many international markets to coincide with key selling time periods.  We promote and sell our products through our direct-to-consumer sites in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Chile, India, Mexico, and China, among other countries, as well as through non-ecommerce sites in many other countries. Our websites are a venue for dialog and feedback from customers about our products, which enhances the Skechers brand experience while driving sales through all our retail channels.

PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

We have three reportable segments: domestic wholesale sales, international wholesale sales, and direct-to-consumer sales. In the United States, our products are available through a network of wholesale customers comprised of department, athletic and specialty stores and online retailers. Internationally, our products are available through wholesale customers in more than 175 countries and territories via our global network of distributors, in addition to our subsidiaries in Asia, Europe, Canada, Central America and South America. Skechers owns and operates retail stores both domestically and internationally through three integrated retail formats—concept, factory outlet and warehouse outlet stores. Each of these channels serves an integral function in the global distribution of our products. In addition, 18 distributors and 50 licensees have opened and operate 727 distributor-owned or -licensed Skechers retail stores and 1,666 licensee-owned Skechers retail stores, respectively, in over 175 countries as of December 31, 2019.

Domestic Wholesale. We distribute our footwear through the following domestic wholesale distribution channels: department stores, specialty stores, athletic specialty shoe stores, independent retailers, and internet retailers. While department stores and specialty retailers are the largest distribution channels, we believe that we appeal to a variety of wholesale customers, many of whom may operate stores within the same retail location due to our distinct product lines, variety of styles and the price criteria of their specific customers. Management has a clearly defined growth strategy for each of our channels of distribution. An integral component of our strategy is to offer our accounts the highest level of customer service so that our products will be fully represented in existing and new customer retail locations.

In an effort to provide knowledgeable and personalized service to our wholesale customers, the sales force is segregated by product line, each of which is headed by a vice president or national sales manager. Reporting to each sales manager are knowledgeable account executives and territory managers. The vice presidents and national sales managers report to our senior vice president of sales. All of our vice presidents and national sales managers are compensated on a salary basis, while our account executives and territory managers are compensated on a commission basis. None of our domestic sales personnel sells competing products.

We believe that we have developed a loyal account base through exceptional customer service. We believe that our close relationships with these accounts help us to maximize their retail sell-through. Our marketing teams work with our wholesale customers to ensure that our merchandise and marketing materials are properly presented. Sales executives and merchandise personnel work closely with accounts to ensure that appropriate styles are purchased for specific accounts and for specific stores within those accounts, as well as to ensure that appropriate inventory levels are carried at each store. Such information is then utilized to help develop sales projections and determine the product needs of our wholesale customers. The value-added services we provide our wholesale customers help us maintain strong relationships with our existing wholesale customers and attract potential new wholesale customers.

Direct-to-Consumer. We pursue our direct-to-consumer strategy through our integrated retail formats: ecommerce, concept stores, factory outlet and warehouse outlet stores. Our formats, which enable us to promote the full Skechers product offering in an attractive environment that appeals to a broad group of consumers. In addition, most of our retail stores are profitable and have a positive effect on our operating results.

We review all of our stores for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances require it. We assess the cash flows for each of our retail stores to evaluate the potential impairment of the fixed assets and leasehold improvements. If the assets are considered to be impaired, we recognize the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. In addition, we base the useful lives and related amortization or depreciation expense on our estimate of the period that the assets will generate revenues or otherwise be used by us. As of February 1, 2020, we owned and operated 107 concept stores, 171 factory outlet stores and 219 warehouse outlet stores in the United States, and 199 concept stores, 93 factory outlet stores, and 10 warehouse outlet stores internationally.Weplan to open 115 to 125 new stores in 2020.

Our company-owned ecommerce businesses offer virtual storefronts designed to provide a positive shopping and brand experience, showcasing our products in an easy-to-navigate format, allowing consumers to browse our selections and purchase our footwear. These virtual stores provide a convenient, alternative shopping environment and brand experience, and are an additional efficient and effective retail distribution channel, which has improved our customer service. They enable consumers to shop, browse, find store locations, socially interact, post a shoe review, photo, video or question, and immerse themselves in our brands.

Our concept stores are located at marquee street locations, major tourist areas or in key shopping malls in metropolitan cities. Our concept stores have a threefold purpose in our operating strategy. First, concept stores serve as a showcase for a wide range of our product offering for the current season, as we estimate that our average wholesale customer carries no more than 5% of the complete Skechers line in any one location. Our concept stores showcase our products in an attractive, easy-to-shop open-floor setting, providing the customer with the complete Skechers story. Second, retail locations are generally chosen to generate maximum marketing value for the Skechers brand name through signage, store front presentation and interior design. Domestic locations include concept stores at Times Square, 5^th Avenue, SOHO, and 34^th Street, in New York; Powell Street in San Francisco: Santa Monica’s Third Street Promenade; Ala Moana Center in Hawaii; South Beach Miami’s Lincoln Road and Las Vegas’ Grand Canal Shoppes at the Venetian. International locations include Oxford Street and Covent Garden in London; Buchanan Street in Glasgow; Princes Street in Edinburgh; Toronto’s Eaton Centre; Vancouver’s Pacific Centre; and the Shinsaibashi shopping district of Osaka and Harajuku and Shibuya in Tokyo. The stores are typically designed to create a distinctive Skechers look and feel, and enhance customer association of the Skechers brand name with current youthful lifestyle trends and styles. Third, the concept stores serve as marketing and product testing venues. We believe that product sell-through information and rapid customer feedback derived from our concept stores enables our design, sales, merchandising and production staff to respond to market changes and new product introductions. Such responses serve to augment sales and limit our inventory markdowns and customer returns and allowances.

The typical Skechers concept store is approximately 3,000 square feet, although in certain markets we have opened concept stores as large as 8,000 square feet or as small as 600 square feet. When deciding where to open concept stores, we identify top geographic markets in the larger metropolitan cities around the world. When selecting a specific site, we evaluate the proposed sites’ traffic pattern, co-tenancies, sales volume of neighboring concept stores, lease economics and other factors considered important within the specific location. If we are considering opening a concept store in a shopping mall, our strategy is to obtain space as centrally located as possible in the mall, where we expect foot traffic to be most concentrated. We believe that the strength of the Skechers brand name has enabled us to negotiate more favorable terms with shopping malls that want us to open up concept stores to attract customer traffic to their venues.

Our factory outlet stores are generally located in manufacturers’ direct outlet centers in the United States and in select international markets. Our factory outlet stores provide opportunities for us to sell discontinued and excess merchandise, thereby reducing the need to sell such merchandise to discounters at excessively low prices and potentially compromise the Skechers brand image. Skechers’ factory outlet stores range in size from approximately 850 to 24,100 square feet. Unlike our warehouse outlet stores, inventory in these stores is supplemented by certain first-line styles sold at full retail price points.

Our free-standing and inline warehouse outlet stores, which are primarily located throughout the United States and Canada, enable us to liquidate excess merchandise, discontinued lines and odd-size inventory in a cost-efficient manner. Skechers’ warehouse outlet stores are typically larger than our factory outlet stores and typically range in size from approximately 4,000 to 30,600 square feet. Our warehouse outlet stores enable us to sell discontinued and excess merchandise that would otherwise typically be sold to discounters at excessively low prices, which could otherwise compromise the Skechers brand image. We seek to open our warehouse outlet stores in areas that are in close proximity to our concept stores to facilitate the timely transfer of inventory that we want to liquidate as soon as practicable.

Store count, openings and closings for our domestic, international and consolidated joint venturethird-party stores are as follows:

InternationalWholesale. Our products are sold in more than 175 countries and territories throughout the world. We generate revenues from outside the United States from three principal sources: (i) direct sales to department stores and specialty retail stores through our joint ventures in Asia and the Middle East, as well as through our subsidiaries in the Americas, Europe, and Japan; (ii) sales to foreign distributors who distribute our footwear to department stores and specialty retail stores in select countries and territories across Asia, South America, Africa, the Middle East and Australia; and (iii) to a lesser extent, royalties from licensees who manufacture and distribute our non-footwear products outside the United States.

We believe that international distribution of our products represents a significant opportunity to increase sales and profits. We intend to further increase our share of the international footwear market by heightening our marketing in those countries in which we currently have a presence through our international advertising campaigns, which are designed to establish Skechers as a global brand synonymous with trend-right casual shoes.

Europe

We currently merchandise, market and distribute product in most of Europe through the following subsidiaries: Skechers USA Ltd., with its offices and showrooms in London, England; Skechers S.a.r.l., with its offices in Lausanne, Switzerland; Skechers USA France S.A.S., with its offices and showrooms in Paris, France; Skechers USA Deutschland GmbH, with its offices and showrooms in Dietzenbach, Germany; Skechers USA Iberia, S.L., with its offices and showrooms in Madrid, Spain; Skechers USA Benelux B.V., with its offices and showrooms in Waalwijk, the Netherlands; Skechers USA Italia S.r.l., with its offices and showrooms in Milan, Italy; and Skechers CEE, Kft. with its offices and showrooms in Budapest, Hungary as well as regional showrooms in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia. To accommodate our European subsidiaries’ operations, we operate a 1.3 million square-foot distribution center in Liege, Belgium.

Canada

We currently merchandise, market and distribute product in Canada through Skechers USA Canada, Inc. with its offices and showrooms outside Toronto in Mississauga, Ontario. Product sold in Canada is primarily sourced from our U.S. distribution center in Rancho Belago, California. We have company-owned retail stores in key locations across Canada.

South America and Central America

We currently merchandise, market and distribute product in South America and Central America through the following subsidiaries: Skechers Do Brasil Calcados LTDA, with its offices and showrooms located in Sao Paulo, Brazil; Comercializadora Skechers Chile Limitada, with its offices and showrooms located in Santiago, Chile; and Skechers Latin America LLC, with its offices and showrooms in Panama City, Panama as well as regional showrooms in Panama, Peru, Colombia and Costa Rica. Our Latin America subsidiary also distributes products in the Caribbean, Ecuador, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. Product sold in South America and Central America is primarily shipped directly from our contract manufacturers’ factories in China and Vietnam. We have retail stores in key locations such as Santiago, Panama City, Bogota and Lima.

Japan

We currently merchandise, market and distribute product in Japan through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Skechers Japan GK, with its offices and showrooms located in Tokyo, Japan. Product sold in Japan is primarily shipped directly from our contract manufacturers’ factories in China. We have retail stores in key locations such as Osaka and Tokyo.

India

We currently merchandise, market and distribute product in through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Skechers South Asia Private Limited and Skechers Retail India Private Limited. We have retail stores in key locations such as Bangalore, Mumbai, and New Delhi.

China and Hong Kong

We have a 50% interest in a joint venture in China and a minority interest in a joint venture in Hong Kong that operate and generate sales in those countries. Under the joint venture agreements, the joint venture partners contribute capital in proportion to their respective ownership interests. We have retail stores in key locations such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau. These joint ventures are consolidated in our financial statements.

Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand

We have a 50% interest in a joint venture in Malaysia and Singapore, and a 51% interest in a joint venture in Thailand that operates and generates sales in those countries. Under the joint venture agreements, the joint venture partners contribute capital in proportion to their respective ownership interests. We have retail stores in key locations such as Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. These joint ventures are consolidated in our financial statements.

Israel

We have a 51% interest in Skechers Ltd. (Israel), which is a joint venture that operates and generates sales in Israel. Under the joint venture agreement, the joint venture partners contribute capital in proportion to their respective ownership interests. We have retail stores in key locations such as Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. This joint venture is consolidated in our financial statements.

South Korea

We have a 65% interest in Skechers Korea Co., Ltd., which is a joint venture that operates and generates sales in South Korea. Under the joint venture agreement, the joint venture partners contribute capital in proportion to their respective ownership interests. We have retail stores in key locations such as Seoul and Busan. This joint venture is consolidated in our financial statements.

Mexico

We have a 60% interest in Manhattan SKMX, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Skechers Mexico”), which is a joint venture that operates and generates sales in Mexico. Under the joint venture agreement, the joint venture partners contribute capital in proportion to their respective ownership interests.  We have over 80 retail stores in key locations such as Mexico City and Guadalajara. This joint venture is consolidated in our financial statements.

Where we do not sell directly through our international subsidiaries and joint ventures, our footwear is distributed through an extensive network of more than 23 distributors who sell our products to department, athletic and specialty stores. As of December 31, 2019, we also had agreements with 18 of these distributors and 50 licensees regarding 727 distributor-owned or licensed Skechers retail stores and 1,666 licensee-owned Skechers retail stores, respectively. Our distributors, licensees and franchisees own and operate the following retail stores in more than 175 countries around the world:

Distributors and licensees are responsible for their respective stores’ operations, have ownership of their respective stores’ assets, and select the broad collection of our products to sell to consumers in their regions. In order to maintain a globally consistent image, we provide architectural, graphic and visual guidance and materials for the design of the stores, and we train the local staff on our products and corporate culture. We intend to expand our international presence and global recognition of the Skechers brand name by continuing to sell our footwear to foreign distributors and by opening retail stores with distributors that have local market expertise.

For disclosure of financial information about geographic areas and segment information for our three reportable segments–domestic wholesale sales, international wholesale sales, and retail sales, see Note 20 – Segment and Geographic Reporting in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.

LICENSING

We believe that selective licensing of the Skechers brand name and our product line names to manufacturers may broadenbroadens and enhanceenhances the individual brands without requiring significant capital investments or additional incremental operating expenses. Our multiple product lines plus additional subcategories present many potential licensing opportunities on terms with licensees that we believe will provide more effective manufacturing, distribution or marketing of non-footwear products. We also believe that the reputation of Skechers and its history in launching brands has also enabled us to partner with reputable non-footwear brands to design and market their footwear.

As of February 1, 2020,December 31, 2022, we had 2327 active domestic and international licensing agreements in which we are the licensor. These includeWe license a variety of Skechers-branded kids’ apparel; bags, backpacks and lunch boxes; belts, wallets and travelproducts including apparel, accessories, and watches for adults and kids; headwear, socks and shoe care; prescription and sunglass eyewear; outerwear, swimwear, underwear, sleepwear and medical scrubs; fitness and yoga and running accessories; consumer electronics;accessories, and cold weather products. Additional category-specific collections include Skechers Sport apparel, bags, backpacks and headwear; Twinkle Toes backpacks and lunchboxes; BOBS from Skechers socks and backpacks; and Skechers Work socks. We also have BOBS for DOGSfrom Skechers pet accessories in Petco. We have international licensing agreements for the design and distribution of prescription and sunglass eyewear globally; men’s, women’s and kids’ apparel in the United Kingdom; socks and watches throughout Europe; bags and backpacks in the Philippines, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, Europe and the Middle East; medical scrubs in the Middle East, Australia, and New Zealand; apparel, socks, headwear, bags, and backpacks in Indonesia; apparel, socks, and bags in Mexico; bags, backpacks, luggage, wallets, watches, medical scrubs and accessories in Latin America; apparel, bags, and backpacks, headwear, socks, and shoe care Turkey; and watches in the Philippines.

DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS

We believe that strong distribution support is a critical factor in our operations. Once manufactured, our products are packaged in shoe boxes bearing bar codes that are shipped either:Our distribution network includes (i) to our approximate 1.8an approximately 2.6 million square-foot North American distribution center located in Rancho Belago, California, (ii) to our approximate 1.3an approximately 2.2 million square-foot European Distribution Center (“EDC”)distribution center located in Liege, Belgium, (iii) to ouran approximately 1.6 million square foot China distribution center, (iv) an approximately 0.3 million square foot United Kingdom distribution center, (v) company-operated distribution centers or third-party distribution centers in Central America, South America and Asia, orand (vi) directly from third-party manufacturers to our other international customers and other international third-party distribution centers. Upon receipt at either of the distribution centers, merchandise is inspected and recorded in our management information system and packaged according to customers’ orders for delivery. Merchandise is shipped to customers by whatever means each customer requests, which is usually by common carrier. The distribution centers have multi-access docks, enabling us to receive and ship simultaneously, and to pack separate trailers for shipments to different customers at the same time. We have an electronic data interchange system (“EDI system”) which is linked to some of our larger customers. This system allows these customers to automatically place orders with us, thereby eliminating the time involved in transmitting and inputting orders, and it includes direct billing and shipping information.

Our shipping methods at our factories reflect our green-minded approach to sustainability: master cartons are printed with soy-or-water-based ink and are 100% recyclable, and at the distribution centers managing more than 90% of our business, our outbound shipping cartons are made with 96%-100% recyclable materials and are 100% recyclable.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

We own and utilize a variety of trademarks, including the Skechers trademark. We have a significant number of both registrations and pending applications for our trademarks in the United States.U.S. trademarks. In addition, we have trademark registrations and trademark applications in approximately 142162 foreign countries. We also have design patents and pending design and utility patent applications in both the United StatesU.S. and approximately 2339 foreign countries. We continuously look to increase the number of our patents and trademarks both domestically and internationally, where necessary to protect valuableour intellectual property. We regard our trademarks and other intellectual property as valuable assets and believe that they have significant value in marketing our products. We vigorously protect our trademarks against infringement, including through the use of cease and desist letters, administrative proceedings and lawsuits.

We rely on trademark, patent, copyright and trade secret protection, non-disclosure agreements and licensing arrangements to establish, protect and enforce intellectual property rights in our logos, trade names and in the design of our products. In particular, we believe that our future success will largely depend on our ability to maintain and protect the Skechers trademark and other key trademarks. Despite our efforts to safeguard and maintain our intellectual property rights, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in this regard. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that our trademarks, products and promotional materials or other intellectual property rights do not, or will not, violate the intellectual property rights of others, that our intellectual property would be upheld if challenged, or that we would, in such an event, not be prevented from using our trademarks or other intellectual property rights. Such claims, if proven, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, although any such claims may ultimately prove to be without merit, the necessary management attention and associated legal costs with litigation or other resolution of future claims concerning trademarks and other intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have sued and have been sued by third parties for infringement of intellectual property. It is our opinion that none of these claims filed against us has materially impaired our ability to utilize our intellectual property rights.

The laws of certain foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent, or in the same manner, as do the laws of the United States. Although we continue to implement protective measures and intend to defend our intellectual property rights vigorously, these efforts may not be successful, or the costs associated with protecting our rights in certain jurisdictions may be prohibitive. From time to time, we discover products in the marketplace that are counterfeit reproductions of our products or that otherwise infringe upon intellectual property rights held by us. Actions taken by us to establish and protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent imitation of our products by others, or to prevent others from seeking to block sales of our products as violating trademarks and intellectual property rights. If we are unsuccessful in challenging a third party’s products on the basis of infringement of our intellectual property rights, continued sales of such products by that or any other third party could adversely impact the Skechers brand, result in the shift of consumer preferences away from our products, and generally have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

COMPETITION

The global footwear industry is a competitive business. Although we believe that we do not compete directly with any single company with respect to its entire range of products, our products compete with other branded products within their product category as well as with private label products sold by retailers, including some of our customers. Our casual shoes and utility footwear compete with footwear offered by companies such as Columbia Sportswear Company, Converse by Nike, Inc., Deckers Outdoor Corporation, Kenneth Cole Productions Inc., Steven Madden, Ltd., The Timberland Company, V.F. Corporation and Wolverine World Wide, Inc. Our athletic lifestyle and performance shoes compete with footwear offered by companies such as Nike, Inc., adidas AG, Reebok International Ltd., Puma SE, ASICS America Corporation, New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. and Under Armour, Inc. The intense competition among these companies and the rapid changes in technology and consumer preferences in the markets for performance footwear, including the walking fitness category, constitute significant risk factors in our operations. Our children’s shoes compete with footwear offered by these companies and with other brands such as Stride Rite by Wolverine World Wide, Inc. In varying degrees, depending on the product category involved, we compete on the basis of style, price, quality, comfort and brand name prestige and recognition, among other factors. These and other competitors pose challenges to our market share in domestic and international markets. We also compete with numerous manufacturers, importers and distributors of footwear for the limited shelf space available for displaying such products to the consumer. Moreover, the general availability of contract manufacturing capacity allows ease of access by new market entrants. Some of our competitors are larger, have been in existence for a longer period of time, have strong brand recognition, have captured greater market share and/or have substantially greater financial, distribution, marketing and other resources than we do. We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete successfully against present or future competitors, or that competitive pressures will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

EMPLOYEESHUMAN CAPITAL

As of JanuaryDecember 31, 2020,2022, we employed approximately 13,10015,100 persons, of whom approximately 4,0007,800 were employed on a full-time basis and approximately 9,1007,300 were employed on a part-time basis, primarily in our retail stores. None

Social Responsibility.As a family-focused brand, Skechers was founded on inclusivity, diversity, respect and entrepreneurial spirit with the philosophy of putting people first – offering comfort and care to our employees and customers. In conjunction with our policy against discrimination, Skechers emphasizes that every employee, applicant, contractor and customer is entitled to be treated with dignity and respect. Human rights is a core value at the heart of how we conduct our business, at every level of the Company – including our factories and suppliers. All full-time and part-time corporate employees in the U.S. undergo harassment and diversity training, and

employees of our wholly-owned operations in other countries comply with their local laws regarding human rights, harassment and diversity training in the workplace. As it relates to our factories and suppliers specifically, we provide employee and management training to ensure that employees and companies who oversee our production and manufacturer auditing know the most current issues regarding human rights. Our Code of Ethics, Corporate Code of Conduct and Supplier Code of Conduct codify these values and our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion. These codes are subjectin the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page of our corporate information website located at https://investors.skechers.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents. We intend to post any amendment to, or waivers of, these codes on our website. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through our website, is not incorporated into, and does not form a collective bargaining agreement.part of this annual report.

Skechers is focused on reducing its carbon footprint. We believe thathave made environmental advancements a top priority at our relationscorporate facilities. Now under construction, our expanding corporate offices remain future-focused as we incorporate our earth-friendly philosophy into our growing footprint. All four corporate buildings are being designed to receive LEED Gold certification upon completion, and include solar panels.

Community. Skechers encourages active participation in the greater community, with annual charity walks for children in the U.S. and around the world. We promote charitable giving and volunteering by sponsoring community service days along with blood drives, food drives, and shoe drives. Additionally, we regularly donate product to not-for-profit organizations. In 2022, the Company donated over 105,000 pairs of new shoes to those in need, more than $1.5 million to Petco Love Foundation to help save the lives of animals in need in the U.S. and Canada.

Health and Safety.Skechers’ lifestyle and performance product offering has shaped our culture with a focus on wellness, and a commitment to providing a safe and healthful work environment for all employees. The Company offers healthy lunch options, an in-house fitness consultant and corporate exercise programs. We offer paid time off to get the COVID-19 vaccine and provided on-site vaccination clinics for our corporate employees and our domestic distribution center employees. We made changes to our corporate facilities, increasing cleaning protocols and distributing personal protective equipment and cleaning supplies to employees; installing touchless doors and faucets in common areas.

Talent. We offer competitive benefits in a casual, creative atmosphere and a fun, fast-paced environment where employees can always learn and grow. Employee benefits are satisfactory.designed to help employees and their families stay healthy, meet their financial goals, and help them balance their work and personal lives. Benefits include health and wellness programs, training and development programs, an employee stock purchase program, a childcare incentive program, on-site electric vehicle charging stations, and product discounts.

In addition to the other information in this annual report, the following factors should be considered in evaluating us and our business.

We Have Significant Sales And Operations In China That Are Expected To Be Adversely Impacted By The Recent Coronavirus Outbreak And Face Risks That Could Impact Our Business, Including Our Results Of Operations.

Our business has been adversely impacted by the effects of a widespread outbreak of a contagious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.  

Since January 2020, in response to intensifying efforts to contain the spread of this coronavirus, a majority of our stores in China have been temporarily closed and we continue to monitor, and where appropriate, modify the operating hours of all of our stores in the market.  Additional adverse effects of the coronavirus outbreak include temporary closures of our facilities and/or the facilities of our contract manufacturers in China, disruptions to our ability to manufacture our product in China, dramatically lower customer traffic and comparable store sales at our stores in Chinaand restrictions on our ability to travel into or out of China, in addition to the temporary closures of our stores discussed above. These effects are expected to materially impact our sales and results of operations for the first quarter and full year of fiscal 2020.

At the time of this filing, the outbreak has been largely concentrated in China, although cases have been confirmed in other countries. The extent to which the coronavirus impacts our global business, sales and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. This includes new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus, the spread and proliferation of the coronavirus in China and around the world, and the actions taken to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others.  RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

Our Future Success Depends On Our Ability To Maintain Our Brand Name And Image With Consumers.

Our success to date has in large partlargely been due to the strength of the Skechers brand. Maintaining, promoting, and growing our brand name and image depends on sustained effort and commitmentour ability to and significant investment in, both the successful development ofdevelop high-quality, innovative, and fashion forward products, andas well as our ability to create fresh and relevant marketing and advertising campaigns. Even if we are ableThe inability to timely and appropriately respond to changing consumer preferences and trends with new high-quality products,execute or adverse developments in these areas could negatively impact our marketing and advertising campaigns may not resonate with consumers, or consumers may consider our brand to be outdated or associated with footwear styles that are no longer popular or relevant.brand. Our brand name and image with consumers could also be negatively impacted if we or any of our products were to receive negative publicity whether related to our products or otherwise.of any kind. If we are unable to maintain, promote and grow our brand, image, then our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our Future Success Also Depends On Our Ability To Respond To Changing Consumer Preferences, Identify And Interpret Consumer Trends, And Successfully Market New Products.

The footwear industry is subject to rapidly changing consumer preferences. The continued popularity of our footwear and the development of new lines and styles of footwear with widespread consumer appeal, including consumer acceptance of our performance footwear, requires us to accurately identify and interpret changing consumer trends and preferences and to effectively respond in a timely manner. Continuing demandDemand for and market acceptance for bothof existing and new products are uncertain and depend on the following factors:

In assessing our responseWe are often required to anticipated changing consumer preferences and trends, we frequently must make decisions about product designs and marketing expenditures several months in advance of the time when actual consumer acceptance can be determined. As a result, we may not be successful in responding to shifting consumer preferences and trends with new products that achieve market acceptance. Because of the ever-changing nature of consumer preferences and market trends, a number of companies in the footwear industry, including ours, experience periods of both rapid growth, followed by declines, in revenue and earnings. If we fail to identify and interpreteffectively respond to changing consumer preferences, and trends, or are not successful in responding to these changes with the timely development of products that achieve market acceptance, we could experience excess inventories, higher than normal markdowns, returns, order cancellations or an inability to profitably sell our products, and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our Business Could Be Harmed If We Fail To Maintain Proper Inventory Levels.

We place orders with our manufacturers for some of our products prior to the time we receive all of our customers’ orders. We do this to minimize purchasing costs, the time necessary to fill customer orders and the risk of non-delivery. We also maintain an inventory of certain products that we anticipate will be in greater demand. Any unanticipated decline in the popularity of Skechers footwear or other unforeseen circumstances may make it difficult for us and our customers to accurately forecast product demand trends, and we may be unable to sell the products we have ordered in advance from manufacturers or that we have in our inventory. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which could significantly impair our brand image and have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand for our products or if our manufacturers fail to supply the quality products that we require at the time we need them, we may experience inventory shortages. Inventory shortages might delay shipments to customers, negatively impact retailer and distributor relationships, and diminish brand loyalty.

We Face Intense Competition, Including Competition From Companies In The Performance Footwear Market and Those With Significantly Greater Resources Than Ours, And If We Are Unable To Compete Effectively, With These Companies, Our Market Share May Decline And Our Business Could Be Harmed.

We face intense competition from other established companies in the footwear industry. Our competitors’industry in the areas of product offerings, pricing, costs of production, and advertising and marketing expenditures are highly competitive areas inexpenditures. Consumer demand for our business. Ifproducts may decline significantly if we do not adequately and timely anticipate and respond to our competitors, consumer demand for our products may decline significantly. A numbercompetitors. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial, technological, engineering, manufacturing, marketing and distribution resources than we do. Their greater capabilities in these areas may enable them to better withstand periodic downturns in the footwear industry, compete more effectively on the basis of price and production, more effectively keep up with rapid changes in footwear technology, and more quickly develop new products. New companies may also enter the markets in which we compete, further increasing competition in the footwear industry.competition. In addition, negative consumer perceptions of our performance features due to our historical reputation as a fashion and lifestyle footwear company may place us at a competitive disadvantage in the performance footwear market. We may not be able to compete successfully in the future, and increased competition may result in price reductions, cost increases, reduced profit margins, loss of market share and an inability to generate cash flows that are sufficient to maintain or expand our development and marketing of new products, which would materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our Operating ResultsStrategies Involve A Number Of Risks That Could BePrevent Or Delay TheSuccessful Opening Of New Stores As Well As Negatively Impacted IfImpact The Performance Of Our Sales Are Concentrated In Any One Style Or Group Of Styles.Existing Stores.

If any single style or group of similar styles of our footwear wereOur ability to represent a substantial portion of our sales, we could be exposed to risk should consumer demand for such style or group of styles decrease in subsequent periods. We attempt to mitigate this risk by offering a broad range of products, and no style comprised over 5% of our gross wholesale sales during 2019 or 2018. However, this may change in the future, and fluctuations in sales of any style representing a significant portion of our future sales could have a negative impact on our operating results.

The Uncertainty Of Global Market Conditions May Continue To Have A Negative Impact On Our Business, Results Of Operations Or Financial Condition.

While global economic conditions have recently improved slightly, their uncertain state, including the challenging consumer retail market in the United States, may negatively impact our business, which depends on the general economic environment and levels of consumers’ discretionary spending that affect not only the ultimate consumer, but also retailers, who are our primary direct customers. If the current economic situation does not improve or if it weakens, we may not be able to maintain or increase our sales to existing customers, make sales to new customers,successfully open and operate new retail stores maintain sales levels at our existing stores, maintain or increase our international operationsdepends on a profitable basis, or maintain or improve our earnings from operations as a percentage of sales. Additionally, if there is an unexpected decline in sales, our results of operations will depend onmany factors, including our ability to implement a correspondingidentify suitable store locations, the availability of which is outside of our control; negotiate acceptable lease terms, including desired tenant improvement allowances; source sufficient levels of inventory to meet the needs of new stores; hire, train and timely reductionretain store personnel; successfully integrate new stores into our existing operations; and satisfy the fashion preferences in new geographic areas.

In addition, new stores could be opened in regions in which we currently have few or no stores. Any expansion into new markets may present competitive, merchandising and distribution challenges that are different from those we encounter in our costs and manage other aspects of our operations. These challenges include (i) managing our infrastructure, (ii) hiring and maintaining, as required, the appropriate number of qualified employees, (iii) managing inventory levels and (iv) controlling other expenses. If the uncertain global market conditions continue for a significant period of time or worsen, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Our Business Could Be Adversely Affected By Changes In The Business Or Financial Condition Of Significant Customers Due To Global Economic Conditions.

The global financial crisis affected the banking system and financial markets and resulted in a tightening in the credit markets, more stringent lending standards and terms, and higher volatility in fixed income, credit, currency and equityexisting markets.  In addition, our business could be adversely affected by other economic conditions, such as the insolvency of certain of our key distributors, which could impair our distribution channels, or the diminished liquidity or an inability to obtain credit to finance purchases of our product by our significant customers. Our customers may also experience weak demand for our products or other difficulties in their businesses. If economic, financial or political conditions in global markets deteriorate in the future, demand may be lower than forecasted and insufficient to achieve our anticipated financial results. Any of these events would likely harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We Depend Upon A Relatively Small Group Of Customers For A Portion Of Our Sales.

During 2019, 2018 and 2017, our sales to our five largest customers accounted for approximately 9.6%, 10.4% and 10.5% of total sales, respectively. No customer accounted for more than 10.0% of our sales during 2019, 2018 and 2017. No customer accounted for more than 10.0% of trade receivables at December 31, 2019 and 2018. These customers are primarily retailers who also distribute products for our competitors.  Although we have long-term relationships with many of our customers, our customers do not have a contractual obligation to purchase our products and we cannot be certain that we will be able to retain our existing major customers. Furthermore, the retail industry regularly experiences consolidation, contractions and closings which may result in our loss of customers or our inability to collect accounts receivable of major customers. If we lose a major customer, experience a significant decrease in sales to a major customer or are unable to collect the accounts receivable of a major customer, our business could be harmed.

We May Experience Losses Because Of The Inability To Collect Accounts Receivable If Our Customers Are Unable To Pay Their Debts To Us When Due.

We rely on our network of domestic and international wholesale customers, comprised of department, athletic and specialty stores and online retailers, to distribute our products. Certain of our wholesale customers may from time to time experience bankruptcy, insolvency, and/or an inability to pay their debts to us as they come due. If our wholesale customers suffer significant financial difficulty, they may be unable to pay their debts to us timely or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. It is possible that wholesale customers may contest their contractual obligations to us under bankruptcy laws or otherwise. Significant customer bankruptcies could further adversely affect our sales and increase our operating expenses by requiring larger accruals for bad debt expense. In addition, even when our contracts with these customers are not contested, if customers are unable to meet their obligations on a timely basis, itchallenges could adversely affect our ability to collect receivables. Further, we may have to negotiate significant discounts and/or extended financing terms with these customers in such a situation. If we are unable to collect upon our accounts receivable as they come due in an efficientbusiness and timely manner, our business, financial condition, or results of operationsoperations. In addition, any new store openings in existing markets could result in reduced sales in existing stores in those markets. We may be materially adversely affected. We also face risk from international customersdecide to close stores that file for bankruptcy protectionexperience sales declines, which could result in foreign jurisdictions, as the application of foreign bankruptcy laws may be more difficult to predict. Although we believe that we have sufficient reserves to cover anticipated customer bankruptcies, there can be no assurance that such reserves will be adequate, and if they are not adequate, our business, cash flows, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.additional costs, expenses, asset impairments or asset write-downs.

Our Global Retail Business Has Required, And Will Continue To Require, A Substantial Investment And Commitment Of Resources And Is Subject To Numerous Risks And Uncertainties.

Our global retail business has required substantial investments in leasehold improvements, inventory, and personnel. We have also made substantialsignificant operating lease commitments for retail space worldwide. Due to the high fixed-cost structure associated with our global retail business, a decline in sales or the closure or poor performance of individual or multipleclosure of stores could result in significant lease termination costs, write-offs or impairments of leasehold improvements, and employee-related termination costs. The success of our global retail operations also depends on our ability to identify and adapt to changes in consumer spending patterns and retail shopping preferences globally, including the shift from brick and mortar to direct-to-consumer and mobile channels, and our ability to effectively develop our direct-to-consumerdigital and mobile channels. Our failure to successfully respond to these factors could adversely affect our retail business, as well as damage our brand and reputation, and could materially affect our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Our Quarterly Revenues And Operating Results Fluctuate As A Result Of A Variety Of Factors, Including Seasonal Fluctuations In Demand For Footwear, Delivery Date Delays And Potential Fluctuations In Our Estimated Annualized Tax Rate, Which May Result In VolatilityMany Of Our Stock Price.Retail Stores Depend Heavily On The Customer Traffic Generated ByShopping And Factory Outlet Malls Or By Tourism.

Many of our concept stores are in shopping malls and some of our factory outlet stores are in manufacturers’ outlet malls. We depend on obtaining prominent locations and the overall success of the malls to generate customer traffic. The overall success of the malls can be negatively impacted by factors outside of our control, such as store closures by other retailers. Some of our concept stores occupy street locations that are heavily dependent on customer traffic generated by tourism. Tourism can be adversely affected by external factors such as an economic slowdown or social or political events. Any substantial decrease in customer traffic generated by malls or tourism has, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on sales in our existing stores or hinder our ability to open retail stores in new markets, which could negatively affect our operating results.

We Depend On Key Personnel To Manage Our Business Effectively In A RapidlyChanging Market, And If We Are Unable To Retain Existing Personnel, OurBusiness Could Be Harmed.

Our quarterly revenuesfuture success depends upon the continued services of Robert Greenberg, Chairman of the Board and operating results have varied significantlyChief Executive Officer; Michael Greenberg, President and a member of our Board of Directors; and David Weinberg, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors. The loss of the services of any of these individuals or any other key employee could harm us. Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract and retain additional qualified personnel. Competition for employees in the pastour industry is intense, and can be expected to fluctuate in the future due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our major customers have no obligation to purchase forecasted amounts, may and have canceled orders in the past, and may change delivery schedules or change the mix of products ordered with minimal notice and without penalty. As a result, we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel.

We Have A Significant Work Force And Are Subject To Risks Related To Human Capital Management.

We employ approximately 15,100 employees worldwide and a significant portion of our operating expenses relate to compensation and benefits. Although we spend a significant amount of time and expense on human capital management, we cannot ensure that we will be able to accurately predictmaintain a happy and productive workforce. If we are unable to offer competitive compensation and benefits, appropriate training and development, and a compelling work environment or sustain employee satisfaction, our quarterly sales. In addition, salesculture may be adversely affected, our reputation may be damaged, and we may incur costs related to turnover.

RISKS RELATED TO SUPPLY CHAIN

Our Business Could Be Harmed If We Fail To Maintain Proper Inventory Levels.

We place orders with our manufacturers for some of footwearour products have historically been somewhat seasonal in nature, withprior to the strongest domestic sales generally occurring intime we receive all our second and third quarters forcustomers’ orders. We do this to minimize purchasing costs, the back-to-school selling season. Domestically, back-to-school sales typically ship in June, July and August, and delays in the timing, cancellation, or rescheduling of thesetime necessary to fill customer orders, and shipments bythe risk of non-delivery. We also maintain an inventory of certain products that we anticipate will be in greater demand. Any unanticipated decline in the popularity of Skechers footwear or other unforeseen circumstances may make it difficult for us and our wholesale customers could negatively impact our sales and results of operations for our second or third quarters. More specifically, the timing of when products are shipped is determined by the delivery schedules set by our wholesale customers, which could cause sales to shift between our second and third quarters. Because our expense levels are partially based on our expectations of future sales, our expenses may be disproportionately large relative to our revenues,accurately forecast demand, and we may be unable to adjust spendingsell the products we have ordered in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shifts,advance from manufacturers or that we have in our inventory. Inventory levels exceeding customer demand may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which could significantly impair our brand image and have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our annualized tax rate is based on projections of our domesticresults, financial condition and international operating resultscash flows. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand for the year, which we review and revise as necessary at the end of each quarter, and it is highly sensitive to fluctuations in projected international earnings. Any quarterly fluctuations in our annualized tax rate that may occur could have a material impact on our quarterly operating results. As a result of these specific and other general factors, our operating results will likely vary from quarter to quarter, and the results for any particular quarter may not be necessarily indicative of results for the full year. Any shortfall in revenues or net earnings from levels expected by securities analysts and investors could cause a decrease in the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Business And Results Of Operations.

Foreign currency fluctuations affect our revenue and profitability. Changes in currency exchange rates may impact our financial results positively or negatively in one period and not another, which may make it difficult to compare our operating results from different periods. Currency exchange rate fluctuations may also adversely impact third parties that manufacture our products by making their costs of raw materials or other production costs more expensive and more difficultif our manufacturers fail to finance, thereby raising prices for our company, our distributors and/or our licensees. We do not currently engage in hedging activities with respect to these currency exchange rate risks. For a more detailed discussion of the risks related to foreign currency fluctuation, see Item 7A: “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

In addition, our foreign subsidiaries purchasesupply products in U.S. dollars in which the cost of those products will vary depending on the foreign currency rates and will impact the price charged to customers. Our foreign distributors also purchase products in U.S. dollars and sell in local currencies, which impacts the price to foreign consumers. As the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to foreign currencies, our revenues and profits are reduced when translated into U.S. dollars and our margins may be negatively impacted by the increase in product costs due to foreign currency rates. Although we typically work to mitigate this negative foreign currency transaction impact through price increases and further actions to reduce costs,need them, we may not be ableexperience inventory shortages. Inventory shortages might delay shipments to fully offset thecustomers, negatively impact if at all. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to manage or mitigate these foreign currency impacts as changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial positionretailer and cash flows.

An Increase In Our Effective Tax Rate Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Results Of Operations And Financial Position.

A significant amount of our foreign earnings are generated in low or zero tax jurisdictions.  As a result, our income tax expense has historically been lower than the tax computed at the U.S. statutory income tax rate.  Our future effective tax rates could be unfavorably affected by a number of factors, including but not limited to, changes in the tax rates or the tax rulesdistributor relationships, and regulations (including rules and regulations related to recently enacted U.S. tax legislation), or in the interpretation thereof, in the jurisdictions in which we do business; decreases in the amount of earnings in countries with low statutory tax rates; increases in the amount of earnings in countries with high statutory tax rates; or if we need to make significant taxable distributions of foreign earnings for which foreign taxes have not been provided. An increase in our effective tax rate could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Changes In Tax Laws Or The Potential Imposition Of Additional Duties, Quotas, Tariffs And Other Trade Restrictions Could Have An Adverse Impact On Our Sales And Profitability.

All of our products manufactured overseas and imported into the United States, the European Union (“EU”) and other countries are subject to customs duties collected by customs authorities. Customs information submitted by us is routinely subject to review by customs authorities. We are unable to predict whether there may be unfavorable changes in tax laws in the United States or overseas, additional customs duties, quotas, tariffs, anti-dumping duties, safeguard measures, cargo restrictions to prevent terrorism or other trade restrictions imposed on the importation of our products in the future. Such actions could adversely affect our ability to produce and market footwear at competitive prices and might have an adverse impact on the sales and profitability of Skechers.diminish brand loyalty.

Our International Sales And Manufacturing Operations Are Subject To The Risks Of Doing Business Abroad, Particularly In China and Vietnam, Which Could Affect Our Ability To SellManufacture Or ManufactureSell Our Products, In International Markets, Obtain Products From Foreign Suppliers Or Control The Costs Of Our Products.

Substantially all of our sales during the year ended December 31, 2019, 2022 were derived from sales of footwear manufactured in foreign countries, with most manufactured in China and Vietnam. We also sell our footwear in several foreign countries and plan to increase our international sales efforts as part of our growth strategy. Foreign manufacturing and sales are subject to a number of risks, including the following: political and social unrest, including terrorism; changing economic conditions, including higher labor costs; increased costs of raw materials; currency exchange rate fluctuations; labor shortages and work stoppages, including those due to the outbreak of a disease leading to an epidemic or pandemic spread; electrical shortages; transportation delays; loss or damage to products in transit; expropriation; nationalization; the adjustment, elimination or imposition of domestic and international duties, tariffs, quotas, import and export controls and other non-tariff barriers; exposure to different legal standards (particularly with respect to intellectual property); compliance with foreign laws; and changes in domestic and foreign governmental policies. Wepolicies; and the potential for circumstances where we may have to incur premium freight charges to expedite the delivery of product to our customers. If we incur a significant amount of premium charges to airfreight product for our customers and we are not able to collect those charges, our gross profit will be negatively affected. Apart from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including supply chain constraints, we have not, to date, been materially affected by any such risks, but we cannot predict the likelihood of such developments occurring or the resulting long-term adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In particular, because most of our products are manufactured in China and Vietnam, the possibility of adverse changes in trade or political relations with China or Vietnam, political instability in China or Vietnam, increases in labor costs, the occurrence of prolonged adverse weather conditions or a natural disaster such as an earthquake or typhoon in China or Vietnam, or the outbreak of a pandemic disease in China or Vietnam could severely interfere with the manufacturing and/or shipment of our products and would have a material adverse effect on our operations. Our business operations may be adversely affected by the current and future political environment in the Communist PartyPeople’s Republic of China (“PRC”). The government of the PRC has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. Our ability to operate inunder the PRC may be adversely affected by changes in Chinese laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs, raw materials, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. Under its current leadership, the government of the PRC has been pursuing economic reform policies that encourage private economic activity and greater economic decentralization. There is no assurance, however, that the government of the PRC will continue to pursue these policies, or that it will not significantly alter these policies from time to time without notice. A change in policies by the PRC government could adversely affect our interests by, among other factors: changes in laws, regulations or the interpretation thereof, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion, imports or sources of supplies, or the expropriation or nationalization of private enterprises. In addition, electrical shortages, labor shortages or work stoppages may extend the production time necessary to produce our orders, and there may be circumstances in the future where we may have to incur premium freight charges to expedite the delivery of product to our customers. If we incur a significant amount of premium charges to airfreight product for our customers, our gross profit will be negatively affected if we are unable to collect those charges.

Changes to Trade Policy, including New Tariffs Imposed By The United States Government, Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Results Of Operations.

Changes in social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the countries from which we import our products, or conduct our business, as well as any negative sentiment toward the United States as a result of such changes, could adversely affect our business. The United States government has placed or proposed additional tariffs on certain goods imported from China and may enact new tariffs on additional goods imported from China, including footwear and other products that we import. China had imposed tariffs on a wide range of American products in retaliation and responded to the new proposed tariff by, among other things, adjusting the value of its currency. China and the United States have made progress and are in discussions to finalize a trade agreement, however there is no guarantee that any agreement between the countries will be reached. China could impose additional tariffs or take other actions if the countries are unable to come to an agreement. The majority of our products that we sell in the United States are manufactured in China. The United States government has also negotiated a replacement trade deal for NAFTA with Mexico and Canada, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (the “USMCA”), which still needs to be ratified. There is also a concern that the imposition of additional tariffs by the United States could result in the adoption of additional tariffs by other countries as well. If the United States government does not reach a trade agreement

with China or replaces NAFTA with USMCA, or if additional tariffs or trade restrictions are implemented by the United States or other countries in connection with a global trade war, the resulting escalation of trade tensions could have a significant, adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. While it is too early to predict whether or how the recent policy changes will impact our business, the imposition of tariffs on footwear, apparel or other items imported by us from China could require us to increase prices to our customers or, if unable to do so, result in lowering our gross margin on products sold. Tariffs on footwear imported from China could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Many Of Our Retail Stores Depend Heavily On The Customer Traffic Generated ByShopping And Factory Outlet Malls Or By Tourism.

Many of our concept stores are located in shopping malls, and some of our factory outlet stores are located in manufacturers’ outlet malls where we depend on obtaining prominent locations and the overall success of the malls to generate customer traffic. We cannot control the success of individual malls, and an increase in store closures by other retailers may lead to mall vacancies and reduced foot traffic. Some of our concept stores occupy street locations that are heavily dependent on customer traffic generated by tourism. Any substantial decrease in tourism resulting from an economic slowdown, political, social or military events or otherwise, is likely to adversely affect sales in our existing stores, particularly those with street locations. The effects of these factors could reduce sales of particular existing stores or hinder our ability to open retail stores in new markets, which could negatively affect our operating results.

We Rely On Independent Contract Manufacturers And, As A Result, Are Exposed ToPotential Disruptions In Product Supply.

Our footwear products are currently manufactured by independent contract manufacturers. During 2019 and 2018,the year ended December 31, 2022, the top five manufacturers of our products produced approximately 40.6% and 41.9%39.0% of our total purchases, respectively.purchases. One manufacturer accounted for 16.0% and 12.8%16.5% of total purchases during 2019 and 2018, respectively. Another manufacturer accounted for 7.3% and 10.1% of our total purchases during 2019 and 2018, respectively. the year ended December 31, 2022.

We do not have long-term contracts with manufacturers, and we compete with other footwear companies for production facilities. We could experience difficultiesfacilities, and we do not have long-term contracts with any of our contract manufacturers. Under our current arrangements with them, these manufacturers including reductions in the availability of production capacity, failure to meet our quality control standards, failure to meet production deadlines, or increased manufacturing costs. This could result in our customers canceling orders, refusing to accept deliveries, or demanding reductions in purchase prices,generally may unilaterally terminate their relationship with us at any of which could have a negative impact on our cash flow and harm our business.

time. If our current manufacturers cease doing business with us, we could experience an interruption in the manufacture of our products. Although we believe that we could find alternative manufacturers, we may be unable to establish relationships with alternative manufacturers that will be as favorable as the relationships we have now. For example, new manufacturers may have higher prices, less favorable payment terms, lower manufacturing capacity, lower quality standards or higher lead times for delivery. If we are unable to provide products consistent with our standards or the manufacture of our footwear is delayed or becomes more expensive, our business and financial condition would be harmed.

While not a material issue as of the filing date of this report, the COVID-19 pandemic previously led to the Chinese and Vietnamese governments imposing temporary closures of some of our factories in China and restrictions on others in Vietnam that caused delays in shipment of our products. We may encounter similar challenges yet again with these manufacturers, or new difficulties could arise with our manufacturers or any raw material suppliers on which our manufacturers rely, including prolonged manufacturing or transportation disruptions due to public health conditions, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in the availability of production capacity due to government imposed restrictions, failure to meet our quality control standards, failure to meet production deadlines or increased manufacturing costs. This could result in our customers canceling orders, refusing to accept deliveries or demanding reductions in purchase prices, any of which could have a negative impact on our cash flows and harm our business and results of operations.

Our Ability To Deliver Our Products To The Market Could Be Disrupted If We Encounter Problems Affecting Our Logistics And Distribution Systems.

We rely on owned or independently operated distribution facilities to transport, warehouse and ship products to our customers. Our logisticlogistics and distribution systems include computer-controlled and automated equipment, which may be subject to a number of risks related to security or computer viruses, the proper operation of software and hardware, power interruptions or other system failures. Substantially all of our products are distributed from a few key locations. Therefore, our operations could be interrupted by travel restrictions, earthquakes, floods, fires or other natural disasters near our distribution centers. Our business interruption insurance may not adequately protect us from the potential adverse effects that could be caused byof significant disruptions affectingto our distribution facilities,system, such as the long-term loss of customers or an erosion of brand image. In addition, our distribution capacity is dependent on the timely performance of services by third parties, including the transportation of productsproduct to and from our distribution facilities. If we encounter problems affecting our distribution system, our ability to meet customer expectations, manage inventory, complete sales, and achieve operating efficiencies could be materially adversely affected.

RISKS RELATED TO ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS, PANDEMICS AND OTHER EXTERNAL FACTORS

The Uncertainty Of Global Market Conditions May Continue To Have A Negative Impact On Our Business, Results Of Operations Or Financial Condition.

The uncertain state of global economic and political conditions, including the impact of inflation and challenging consumer retail market, may negatively impact our business, which depends on the general economic environment and levels of consumers’ discretionary spending. If the current economic situation does not improve or if it weakens, we may not be able to maintain or increase our sales to existing customers, make sales to new customers, open and operate new retail stores, maintain sales levels at our existing stores, maintain or increase our international operations on a profitable basis, or maintain or improve our earnings from operations as a percentage of sales. Additionally, if there is an unexpected decline in sales, our results of operations will depend on our ability to implement a corresponding and timely reduction in our costs and manage other aspects of our operations. These challenges include (i) managing our infrastructure, (ii) hiring and maintaining, as required, the appropriate number of qualified employees, (iii) managing inventory levels and (iv) controlling other expenses.

Russia’s ongoing war with Ukraine and the subsequent economic sanctions imposed by the U.S., NATO and other countries may impact global economic conditions or our ability to sell products to customers in the affected regions. The conflict could also have broader implications on economics outside the region, such as the global inflationary impact of a potential boycott of Russian oil and gas by other countries. Furthermore, any unfavorable developments in global political, social and regulatory conditions, including geopolitical conflicts, political unrest, civil strife, terrorist activity, acts of war, public corruption, expropriation, nationalism and other economic or political uncertainties in the U.S. or internationally, could also impact our business. Any negative sentiment toward the U.S. as a result of any such developments could also adversely affect our business and reputation. If the uncertain global market conditions continue for a significant period or worsen, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Our Business Could Be Adversely Affected By Changes In The Business Or Financial Condition Of Our Customers Due To Global Economic Conditions.

A global financial crisis could affect the banking system and financial markets and result in a tightening in the credit markets, more stringent lending standards and terms, higher inflation, and higher volatility in fixed income, credit, currency and equity markets. In addition, our business could be adversely affected by other economic conditions, such as the insolvency of certain of our key distributors, which could impair our distribution channels, or the diminished liquidity or an inability to obtain credit to finance purchases of our product by our significant customers. Our customers may also experience weak demand for our products or other difficulties in their businesses. If economic, financial or political conditions in global markets deteriorate in the future, demand may be lower than forecasted and insufficient to achieve our anticipated financial results. Any of these events would likely harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Natural Disasters, The Effects Of Climate Change, Pandemics, Including the COVID-19 Pandemic, And Other Events Beyond Our Control Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Business And Results Of Operations.

Natural disasters or other catastrophic events may cause damage or disruption to our operations, international commerce, and the global economy, and thus could have a negative effect on us. Our business operations are subject to interruption from earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires, extreme weather events, power shortages, pandemics such as COVID-19, terrorism, political unrest, telecommunications failure, vandalism, cyber-attacks, geopolitical instability, war, the effects of climate change, and other events beyond our control. Although we maintain disaster recovery plans, such events could disrupt our operations or those of our customers and suppliers, including through the inability of employees and contract professionals to work, destruction of facilities, loss of life, and adverse effects on supply chains, power, infrastructure and the integrity of information technology systems, all of which could materially increase our costs and expenses, delay or decrease revenue from our customers and disrupt our ability to maintain business continuity. We could incur significant costs to improve the climate-related resiliency of our infrastructure and otherwise prepare for, respond to, and mitigate the effects of climate changes. Our insurance may not be sufficient or cover losses or additional expenses that we may sustain. A significant natural disaster or other event that disrupts our operations or those of our customers or suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.

Our business relies heavily on the health and safety of our employees, contract professionals and customers. The impact of a health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, and future financial performance could include, but is not limited to, adverse impacts to our operating income, operating margin, net income, earnings per share and operating cash flows, as expenses may not decrease at the same rate as revenues decline. In addition, our quarterly and annual revenue growth rates and expenses as a percentage of our revenues may differ significantly from our historical rates, and our future operating results may fall below expectations.

Our Sales Are Influenced By Economic Conditions And Uncertainty That Impact Consumer Spending And Consumer Confidence.

Consumer confidence and spending on discretionary items generally declines during periods of economic uncertainty or recession. Our wholesale customers anticipate and respond to adverse changes in economic conditions and uncertainty by reducing inventories and/or increasing promotional activity. Our retail stores are also affected by these conditions and may experience declines in consumer traffic and spending. As a result, factors that diminish consumer confidence and spending, particularly deterioration in general economic conditions, consumer credit availability, consumer debt levels, inflation, the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on tourism and tourist spending, volatility in investment returns, fear of unemployment, increases in energy costs or taxes or interest rates, housing market downturns, fear about and impact of pandemic illness (such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic), and other factors such as acts of war, natural disasters or terrorist or political events that impact consumer confidence, have had, and may continue to have (with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic), a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition through their negative impact on our wholesale customers as well as decreased spending in our retail stores and potentially via our e-commerce business.

Natural Disasters Or A Decline In Economic Conditions In California CouldIncrease Our Operating Expenses Or Adversely Affect Our Sales Revenue.

A substantial portion of our operations are in California, including 96 of our retail stores, our headquarters in Manhattan Beach, and our North America distribution center in Rancho Belago. A decline in the economic conditions in California could have a material adverse impact on our business. Furthermore, a natural disaster or other catastrophic event in California, such as an earthquake or wildfire, could significantly disrupt our business including the operation of our only domestic distribution center. We may be more susceptible to these issues than our competitors whose operations are not as concentrated in California.

Our Environmental, Social And Governance (“ESG”) Commitments and Disclosures May Expose Us To Reputational Risks And Legal Liability.

Our brand and reputation are associated with our public commitments to various corporate ESG initiatives, including our goals relating to sustainability and diversity and inclusion. Our disclosures on these matters and any failure or perceived failure to achieve or accurately report on our commitments, could harm our reputation and adversely affect our client relationships or our recruitment and retention efforts, as well as expose us to potential legal liability. Increasing focus on ESG matters has resulted in, and is expected to continue to result in, the adoption of legal and regulatory requirements designed to mitigate the effects of climate change on the environmental, as well as legal and regulatory requirements requiring climate-related disclosures. If new laws or regulations are more stringent than current legal or regulatory requirements, we may experience increased compliance burdens and costs to meet such obligations. Our selection of voluntary disclosure frameworks and standards, and the interpretation or application of those frameworks and standards, may change from time to time or may not meet the expectations of investors or other stakeholders. Our processes and controls for reporting ESG matters across our operations and supply chain are evolving along with multiple disparate standards for identifying, measuring, and reporting ESG metrics, including ESG-related disclosures that may be required by the SEC, European and other regulators, and such standards may change over time, which could result in significant revisions to our current goals, reported progress in achieving such goals, or ability to achieve such goals in the future.

RISKS RELATED TO CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Business And Results Of Operations.

Foreign currency fluctuations affect our revenue and profitability. Changes in currency exchange rates may impact our financial results positively or negatively in one period and not another, which may make it difficult to compare our operating results from different periods. Currency exchange rate fluctuations may also adversely impact third parties that manufacture our products by making their costs of raw materials or other production costs more expensive and more difficult to finance, thereby raising prices for us, our distributors and/or our licensees. We do not currently engage in hedging activities with respect to these currency exchange rate risks. For a more detailed discussion of the risks related to foreign currency fluctuation, see Item 7A: “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

In addition, our foreign subsidiaries purchase products in U.S. dollars, which causes the cost of those products to vary depending on the foreign currency exchange rates and impacts the price charged to customers. Our foreign distributors also purchase products in U.S. dollars and sell in local currencies, which impacts the price to foreign consumers. As the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to foreign currencies, our revenues and profits are reduced when translated into U.S. dollars and our margins may be negatively impacted by the increase in product costs due to foreign currency exchange rates. Although we typically work to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations through price increases and further actions to reduce costs, we may not be able to fully offset the impact, if at all. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to manage or mitigate these foreign currency impacts, as changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

RISKS RELATED TO LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS

Changes In Tax Laws Or The Potential Imposition Of Additional Duties, Quotas, Tariffs And Other Trade Restrictions Could Have An Adverse Impact On Our Sales And Profitability.

All our products manufactured overseas and imported into the U.S., the European Union and other countries are subject to customs duties. We are unable to predict whether there may be unfavorable changes in tax laws in the U.S. or overseas, additional customs duties, quotas, tariffs, anti-dumping duties, safeguard measures, cargo restrictions to prevent terrorism or other trade restrictions imposed on the importation of our products in the future. Such actions could adversely affect our ability to produce and market footwear at competitive prices and might have an adverse impact on our sales and results of operations.

Changes To U.S. Or Other Countries’ Trade Policies And Import/Export Regulations Or Our Failure To Comply With Such Regulations May Have A Material Effect On Our Reputation, Business, Financial Condition And Results Of Operations.

Changes in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories or countries where we currently sell our products or conduct our business could adversely affect our business. U.S. presidential administrations have instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the U.S., economic sanctions on individuals, corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries where we conduct our business. It may be time-consuming and expensive for us to alter our business operations in order to adapt to or comply with any such changes.

In addition, changes or proposed changes in U.S. or other countries' trade policies may result in restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade. Tariffs and other changes in U.S. trade policy have in the past and could in the future trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, and certain foreign governments have instituted or are considering imposing retaliatory measures on certain U.S. goods. Further, any emerging protectionist or nationalist trends either in the U.S. or in other countries could affect the trade environment. The Company, similar to many other multinational corporations, does a significant amount of business that would be impacted by changes to the trade policies of the U.S. and foreign countries (including governmental action related to tariffs, international trade agreements, or economic sanctions). Such changes have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof or the economy of another country in which we conduct operations, our industry and the global demand for our products, and as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations

Our Business Could Be Harmed If Our Contract Manufacturers, Suppliers Or Licensees Violate Labor, Trade Or Other Laws.

We require our independent contract manufacturers, suppliers and licensees to operate in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Manufacturers are required to certify that neither convicted, forced or indentured labor (as defined under United StatesU.S. law) nor child labor (as defined by law in the manufacturer’s country) is used in the production process, that compensation is paid in accordance with local law and that their factories are in compliance with local safety regulations. Although we promote ethical business practices and our sourcing personnel periodically visit and monitor the operations of our independent contract manufacturers, suppliers and licensees, we do not control them or their labor practices. If one of our independent contract manufacturers, suppliers or licensees violates labor or other laws or diverges from those labor practices generally accepted as ethical in the United States,U.S., it could result in adverse publicity for us, damage our reputation in the United States,U.S., or render our conduct of business in a particular foreign country undesirable or impractical, any of which could harm our business.

In addition, if we, or our foreign manufacturers, violate United StatesU.S. or foreign trade laws or regulations, we may be subject to extra duties, significant monetary penalties, the seizure and the forfeiture of the products we are attempting to import, or the loss of our import privileges. Possible violations of United StatesU.S. or foreign laws or regulations could include inadequate record-keeping of our imported products, misstatements or errors as to the origin, quota category, classification, marketing or valuation of our imported products, fraudulent visas, or labor violations. The effects of these factors could render our conduct of business in a particular country undesirable or impractical, and have a negative impact on our operating results.

Our Strategies Involve A Number Of Risks That Could Prevent Or Delay TheSuccessful Opening Of New Stores As Well As Negatively Impact The Performance Of OurExisting Stores.

Our ability to successfully open and operate new stores depends on many factors, including, among others, our ability to identify suitable store locations, the availability of which is outside of our control; negotiate acceptable lease terms, including desired tenant improvement allowances; source sufficient levels of inventory to meet the needs of new stores; hire, train and retain store personnel; successfully integrate new stores into our existing operations; and satisfy the fashion preferences in new geographic areas.

In addition, some or a substantial number of new stores could be opened in regions of the United States in which we currently have few or no stores. Any expansion into new markets may present competitive, merchandising and distribution challenges that are different from those currently encountered in our existing markets. Any of these challenges could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that any new store openings are in existing markets, we may experience reduced sales volumes in existing stores in those markets. If sales decline at our retail stores, whether through competition from online sites or other companies, we may decide to close stores, which could result in additional costs, expenses, asset impairments or asset write-downs.

We Depend On Key Personnel To Manage Our Business Effectively In A RapidlyChanging Market, And If We Are Unable To Retain Existing Personnel, OurBusiness Could Be Harmed.

Our future success depends upon the continued services of Robert Greenberg, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer; Michael Greenberg, President and a member of our Board of Directors; and David Weinberg, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors. The loss of the services of any of these individuals or any other key employee could harm us. Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract and retain additional qualified personnel. Competition for employees in our industry is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel.

The Disruption, Expense And Potential Liability Associated With Existing And Unanticipated Future Litigation Against Us Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Business, Results Of Operations, Financial Condition And Cash Flows.

In addition to the legal matters included in our reserve for loss contingencies, we occasionally become involved in litigation arising from the normal course of business, and we are unable to determine the extent of any liability that may arise from any such unanticipated future litigation. We have no reason to believe that there is a reasonable possibility or a probability that we may incur a material loss, or a material loss in excess of a recorded accrual, with respect to any other such loss contingencies. However, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain and assessments and decisions on defense and settlement can change significantly in a short period of time. Therefore, although we consider the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote with respect to those matters for which we have not reserved an amount for loss contingencies, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against us in the same reporting period for amounts in excess of our expectations, our consolidated financial statements of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected. Further, any unanticipated litigation in the future, regardless of its merits, could also significantly divert management’s attention from our operations and result in substantial legal fees being incurred. Such disruptions, legal fees and any losses resulting from these unanticipated future claims could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.

Our Ability To Compete Could Be Jeopardized If We Are Unable To Protect Our Intellectual Property Rights Or If We Are Sued For Intellectual Property Infringement.

We believe that our trademarks, design patents and other proprietary rights are important to our success and our competitive position. We use trademarks on nearly all of our products and believe that having distinctive marks that are readily identifiable is an important factor in creating a market for our goods, in identifying us and in distinguishing our goods from the goods of others. We consider our Skechers^®, Skechers Slip-ins^® Skechers Hands Free Slip-ins^®, Skechers Performance^™, Skechers GOrun^®, Skechers GOwalk^®, Skechers GOgolfGO golf^®, Skechers GOtrain^®, Skechers on-the-GO^®, ^®, ^®, ^®, ^®, ^®, Skechers Cali^®, Skecher Street^®Skechers Street™, Skechers USA^®, Skechers Active^™, Skechers Sport Active^™, Skechers Work™, Max Cushioning^®, Massage Fit^®, Mark Nason^®, D’Lites^®, DLT-A^®,BOBS^®, Energy LightsGlide Step^®,Skech-Air^®, Skechers Kids™, Twinkle Toes^®, Z-StrapS Lights^®, Mega-Flex^®, Luminators^®, Heart Lights^™, Relaxed Fit^®, Arch Fit^™®, Ultra GO^®, Hyper Burst^®, Skechers Memory Foam^™, and Air-cooled Memory Foam^® trademarks to be among our most valuable assets, and we have registered these trademarks in many countries. In addition, we own many other trademarks that we utilize in marketing our products. We also have a number of design patents and a limited number of utility patents covering components and features used in various shoes. We believe that our patents and trademarks are generally sufficient to permit us to carry on our business as presently conducted. While we vigorously protect our trademarks against infringement, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to secure patents or trademark protection for our intellectual property in the future or that protection will be adequate for future products. Further, we have been sued in the past for patent and trademark infringement and cannot be sure that our activities do not and will not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. If we are compelled to prosecute infringing parties, defend our intellectual property or defend ourselves from intellectual property claims made

by others, we may face significant expenses and liability as well as the diversion of management’s attention from our business, each of which could negatively impact our business or financial condition.

In addition, the laws of foreign countries where we source and distribute our products may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.U.S. We cannot assure yoube assured that the actions we have taken to establish and protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights outside the United StatesU.S. will be adequate to prevent imitation of our products by others or, if necessary, successfully challenge another party’s counterfeit products or products that otherwise infringe on our intellectual property rights on the basis of trademark or patent infringement. Continued sales of thesecounterfeit products could adversely affect our sales and our brand and result in the shift of consumer preference away from our products. We may face significant expenses and liability in connection with the protection of our intellectual property rights outside the United States,U.S., and if we are unable to successfully protect our rights or resolve intellectual property conflicts with others, our business or financial condition could be adversely affected.

Breaches Or Compromises Of Our Information Security Systems, Information Technology Systems And Our Infrastructure To Support Our Business Could Result In Exposure Of Private Information, Disruption Of Our Business And Damage To Our Reputation, Which Could Harm Our Business, Results Of Operation And Financial Condition.

As a routine part of our business, we utilize information security and information technology systems and websites that allow for the secure storage and transmission of proprietary or private information regarding our customers, employees, vendors and others. A security breach of our network, hosted service providers, or vendor systems, may expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, litigation and potential liability. Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks, and the retail industry, in particular, has been the target of many recent cyber-attacks. Although we take measures to safeguard this sensitive information, we may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly-evolvingrapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks targeted at us, our customers, or others who have entrusted us with information. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants.

We invest in industry standard security technology to protect personal information. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries, or other developments may result in the technology used by us to protect against transaction or other data being breached or compromised. In addition, data and security breaches can also occur as a result ofdue to non-technical issues, including breach by us or by persons with whom we have commercial relationships that result in the unauthorized release of personal or confidential information. Although we maintain insurance designed to provide coverage for cyber risks related to what we believe to be adequate and collectible insurance in the event of theft, loss, fraudulent or unlawful use of customer, employee or company data, any compromise or breach of our cyber security systems could result in private information exposure and a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant potential liability including legal and financial costs, and loss of confidence in our security measures by customers, which could result in damage to our brand and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and reputation. In addition, we must comply with increasingly complex and rigorous regulatory standards enacted to protect business and personal data. Compliance with existing and proposed laws and regulations can be costly, and any failure to comply with these regulatory standards could subject us to legal and reputational risks. Misuse of or failure to secure personal information could also result in violation of data privacy laws and regulations, proceedings against us by governmental entities or others, damage to our reputation and credibility and could have a negative impact on revenues and profits.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR STOCK AND STOCK PRICE

Our Quarterly Revenues And Operating Results Fluctuate As A Result Of A Variety Of Factors, Including Fluctuations In Demand For Footwear, Delivery Delays And Potential Fluctuations In Our Estimated Annualized Tax Rate, Which May Result In Volatility Of Our Stock Price.

Our quarterly revenues and operating results have varied significantly in the past and can be expected to fluctuate in the future due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our major customers have no obligation to purchase forecasted amounts and from time to time cancel orders, change delivery schedules, or change the mix of products ordered with minimal notice and without penalty. As a result, we may not be able to accurately predict our quarterly sales. Furthermore, our expenses are partially based on our expectations of future sales, and we may be unable to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shifts. As a result, our expenses may be disproportionately large relative to our revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our annualized tax rate is based on projections of our domestic and international operating results for the year, which we review and revise as necessary at the end of each quarter. Any quarterly fluctuations in our annualized tax rate could have a material impact on our quarterly operating results and the results for any one quarter may not be indicative of results for the full year. Any shortfall in revenues or net earnings from levels expected by securities analysts and investors could cause a decrease in the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.

Natural Disasters Or A Decline In Economic Conditions In California CouldIncrease Our Operating Expenses Or Adversely Affect Our Sales Revenue.

As of December 31, 2019, a substantial portion of our operations are located in California, including 100 of our retail stores, our headquarters in Manhattan Beach, and our domestic distribution center in Rancho Belago. Because a significant portion of our sales is derived from sales in California, a decline in the economic conditions in California, whether or not such decline spreads beyond California, could materially adversely affect our business. Furthermore, a natural disaster or other catastrophic event, such as an earthquake or wildfire affecting California, could significantly disrupt our business including the operation of our only domestic distribution center. We may be more susceptible to these issues than our competitors whose operations are not as concentrated in California.

TwoOne Principal Stockholders AreStockholder Is Able To Exert Significant Influence OverControl Substantially All Matters Requiring A Vote OfApproval By Our Stockholders And TheirHis Interests May Differ From The Interests Of Our Other Stockholders.

As of December 31, 2019, 2022, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Robert Greenberg, beneficially owned 82.4%87.3% of our outstanding Class B common shares,Common Stock, members of Mr. Greenberg’s immediate family beneficially owned an additional 12.3%8.1% of our outstanding Class B common shares, and Gil Schwartzberg, trustee of several trusts formed by Mr. Greenberg and his wife for estate planning purposes, beneficially owned 27.9% of our outstanding Class B common shares.Common Stock. The holders of Class A common sharesCommon Stock and Class B common sharesCommon Stock have identical rights except that holders of Class A common sharesCommon Stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of Class B common sharesCommon Stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. As a result, as of December 31, 2019, 2022, Mr. Greenberg beneficially owned 37.2%53.1% of the aggregate number of votes eligible to be cast by our stockholders, and together with shares beneficially owned by other members of his immediate family, Mr. Greenberg and his immediate family beneficially owned 45.7% of the aggregate number of votes eligible to be cast by our stockholders, and Mr. Schwartzberg beneficially owned 17.4%58.6% of the aggregate number of votes eligible to be cast by our stockholders. Therefore, Messrs.Mr. Greenberg and Schwartzberg are eachis able to exert significant influencecontrol over all matters requiring approval by our stockholders. Matters that require the approval of our stockholders include the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions. Mr. Greenberg also has significant influence over our management and operations. As a result of such influence, certain transactions are not likely without the approval of Messrs.Mr. Greenberg, and Schwartzberg, including proxy contests, tender offers, open market purchase programs or other transactions that can give our stockholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market prices for their shares of our Class A common shares.Common Stock. Because Messrs.Mr. Greenberg’s and Schwartzberg’s interests may differ from the interests of the other stockholders, theirhis ability to substantially control, or significantly influence, respectively, actions requiring stockholder approval, may result in our companythe Company taking action that is not in the interests of all stockholders. The differential in the voting rights may also adversely affect the value of our Class A common sharesCommon Stock to the extent that investors or any potential future purchaser view the superior voting rights of our Class B common sharesCommon Stock to have superior value.

Our Charter Documents And Delaware Law May Inhibit A Takeover, Which May Adversely Affect The Value Of Our Stock.

Provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if closing such a transaction would be beneficial to our stockholders. Mr. Greenberg’s substantial beneficial ownership position, together with the authorization of Preferred Stock, the disparate voting rights between our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, the classification of our Board of Directors and the lack of cumulative voting in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, may discourage bids for our Class A Common Stock at a premium over the market price of the Class A Common Stock and may adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

None.

Our corporate headquarters are located at several properties in or near Manhattan Beach,Los Angeles, California, which consist of an aggregate of approximately 200,000248,000 square feet. We own and lease portions of our corporate headquarters.

Our U.S.North America distribution center occupies approximately 2.6 million square feet on its main campus in Southern California, which is a 1.8 million square-foot facility located on approximately 110 acres in Rancho Belago, California. We are leasing the distribution centerleased from a joint venture, HF Logistics-SKX (the “JV”), that we. The JV was formed with HF Logistics I, LLC (“HF”) in January 2010 for the purpose of building and operating the facility. The lease for this facility expires in November 2031, with a base rent of $940,695 per month, or approximately $11.3 million per year. The JVand is consolidated in our financial statements. An additional 2.4 million square feet of distribution center space is leased from third parties. The main campus leases expire at various dates through August 2036, and the leases for the remaining space expire at various dates through May 2028.

Our European distribution center occupies approximately 1.32.2 million square feet in Liege, Belgium under five operating leases, with base rents of approximately $5.5 million per year.leases. These leases provide for original terms of 10 to 15 years, commencing between January 2016 and June 2016,July 2020, subject to automatic extensions for recurring periods of five years unless we or the landlord terminates the lease in writing 12 months prior to the expiration of the original lease term or 12 months prior to the end of the then applicable five-year extension.

AllOur China distribution center occupies approximately 1.6 million square feet in Taicang, China.

Substantially all of our domestic retail stores and showrooms are leased with terms expiring between February 2020 andthrough January 2033.2036. The leases provide for rent escalations tied to either increases in the lessor’s operating expenses, fluctuations in the consumer price index in the relevant geographical area, or a percentage of the store’s gross sales in excess of the base annual rent. Total base rent expense related to our domestic retail stores and showrooms was $111.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

We also lease allmost of our international administrative offices, retail stores, showrooms and distribution facilities located in Asia, Central America, Europe, North America and South America. The property leases expire aton various dates between January 2020 and January 2033.

through October 2037.

Converse, Inc.Michael Conte v. Skechers U.S.A., Inc.Robert Greenberg, et al. – On October 14, 2014, Converse filed an action against our company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn Division, Case 1:14-cv-05977-DLI-MDG, alleging trademark infringement, false designation of origin, unfair competition, trademark dilution and deceptive practices arising out of our alleged use of certain design elements on footwear. The complaint seeks, among other things, injunctive relief, profits, actual damages, enhanced damages, punitive damages, costs and attorneys’ fees. On October 14, 2014, Converse also filed a complaint naming 27 respondents including our company with the U.S. International Trade Commission (the “ITC” or “Commission”), Federal Register Doc. 2014‑24890, alleging violations of federal law in the importation into and the sale within the United States of certain footwear. Converse has requested that the Commission issue a general exclusion order, or in the alternative a limited exclusion order, and cease and desist orders. On December 8, 2014, the District Court stayed the proceedings before it. On December 19, 2014, Skechers responded to the ITC complaint, denying the material allegations and asserting affirmative defenses. A trial before an administrative law judge of the ITC was held in August 2015. On November 15, 2015, the ITC judge issued his Initial Determination finding that certain discontinued products (Daddy’$ Money and HyDee HyTops) infringed on Converse’s intellectual property, but that other, still active product lines (Twinkle Toes and Bobs Utopia) did not. On February 3, 2016, the ITC decided that it would review in part certain matters that were decided by the ITC judge. On June 28, 2016, the full ITC issued its Final Determination affirming that Skechers Twinkle Toes and Bobs Utopia shoes do not infringe Converse’s Chuck Taylor Midsole Trademark and affirming that Converse’s common law trademark was invalid.  The full ITC also invalidated Converse’s registered trademark. Converse appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. On January 27, 2017, Converse filed its appellate brief but did not contest the portion of the decision that held that Skechers Twinkle Toes and Bobs Utopia shoes do not infringe.  On June 26, 2017, we filed our responsive brief, on February 8, 2018, the court heard oral argument, and on June 7, 2018, the Court requested supplemental briefing on certain issues.  On October 30, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit vacated portions of the ITC’s ruling and remanded the matter back to the ITC for further proceedings. Although Converse did not appeal the Commission’s non-infringement findings for Skechers Twinkle Toes and Bobs Utopia shoes to the Federal Circuit, Converse asked the Commission to reconsider its previous non-infringement findings on remand. On October 9, 2019, the ITC judge issued his Remand Initial Determination (the “RID”) finding that Converse did not have any rights in the subject intellectual property as toJuly 21, 2022, Skechers and that Skechers Twinkle Toes, Bobs Utopia,certain past and Hydee Hytop did not infringe Converse’s intellectual property but the discontinued Daddy’$ Money would infringe, but only if Converse had rights in the subject intellectual property as to Skechers (which the ITC judge found that Converse did not). On October 22, 2019, the parties filed petitions seeking review of the RID. Converse did not, however, seek review of the finding in the RID that Skechers Twinkle Toes and Bobs Utopia do not infringe. On February 7, 2020, the full ITC decided to review the RID, outlined the issues and set a briefing schedule. While it is too early to predict the outcome of these legal proceedings or whether an adverse result in either or both of them would have a material adverse impact on our

results of operations or financial position, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend these legal matters vigorously.

Nike, Inc. v. Skechers USA, Inc. – On January 4, 2016, Nike filed an action against our company in the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, Case No. 3:16-cv-0007, alleging that certain Skechers shoe designs (Men’s Burst, Women’s Burst, Women’s Flex Appeal, Men’s Flex Advantage, Girls’ Skech Appeal, and Boys’ Flex Advantage) infringe the claims of eight design patents. Nike seeks injunctive relief, disgorgement of Skechers’ profits, damages (including treble damages), pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. In April and May 2016, we filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s Patent Trial and Appeal Board (the “PTAB”) for inter partes review of all eight design patents, seeking to invalidate those patents. In September and November 2016, the PTAB denied each of our petitions. On January 6, 2017, we filed several additional petitions for inter partes review with the PTAB, seeking to invalidate seven of the eight designs patents that Nike is asserting. In July 2017, we were notified that the PTAB granted our petitions and instituted inter partes review proceedings with respect to two of the seven design patents but denied our petitions as to the others. In June 2017, we filed a motion to transfer venue from the District of Oregon to the Central District of California based on a recent United States Supreme Court decision and the motion was granted on November 17, 2017. On June 28, 2018, the PTAB issued final decisions in the two inter partes review proceedings, rejecting the invalidity challenges made by our company in those proceedings.  On June 4, 2018, the Court, over Nike’s opposition, granted our request for a claim construction hearing.  On March 28, 2019, the Court issued an order declining to issue a claim construction at this stage of the proceedings, but it did not foreclose the issue, instead observing that it might be appropriate to address claim construction at a later stage. The parties have now completed discovery and have filed summary judgement motions. Nike has also withdrawn its claim for treble or enhanced damages. The court heard the summary judgment motions on February 18, 2020, requested supplemental briefing on certain issues and took the motions under submission. While it is too early to predict the outcome of the case or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this legal matter vigorously.

Nike, Inc. v. Skechers USA, Inc. – On September 30, 2019, Nike filed an action against our company in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. 2:19-cv-08418, alleging that certain Skechers’ shoe designs (Skech-Air Atlas, Skech-Air 92, Skech-Air Stratus and Skech-Air Blast) infringe the claims of twelve design patents. Nike seeks injunctive relief, disgorgement of Skechers’ profits, damages (including treble damages), pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. Skechers has filed its answer and the case is in the early stages. While it is too early to predict the outcome of the case or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this legal matter vigorously.

Nike, Inc. v. Skechers USA, Inc. – On October 28, 2019, Nike filed an action against our company in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. 2:19-cv-09230, alleging that certain Skechers’ shoe designs (Skech-Air Jumpin’ Dots and Skech-Air Mega) infringe the claims of two utility patents. Nike seeks injunctive relief, disgorgement of Skechers’ profits, damages (including treble damages), pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. Skechers has answered the complaint and the case is in the early stages. While it is too early to predict the outcome of the case or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this legal matter vigorously.

Steamfitters Local 449 Pension Plan v. Skechers USA, Inc., Robert Greenberg and David Weinberg. – On October 20, 2017, the Steamfitters Local 449 Pension Plan filed a securities class action, on behalf of itself and purportedly on behalf of other shareholders who purchased Skechers stock in a five-month period in 2015, against our company and certain of its officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, case number 1:17-cv-08107.  On April 4, 2018, the plaintiffs filed an amended and consolidated complaint, and on July 24, 2018, plaintiffs filed a second amended and consolidated complaint.  The lawsuit alleges that, between April 23 and October 22, 2015, we made materially false statements or omissions of material fact about the anticipated performance of our Domestic Wholesale segment and asserts claims for unspecified damages, attorneys' fees and equitable relief based on two counts for alleged violations of federal securities laws.  On November 21, 2018, we filed a motion to dismiss.  On January 10, 2019, plaintiffs filed an opposition, and on February 11, 2019, we filed a reply. On September 23, 2019, the court granted our motion to dismiss without leave to amend, on October 22, 2019, the plaintiffs appealed it to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and on February 4, 2020, filed appellants’ opening brief. Given the early stage of this proceeding and the limited information available, we cannot predict the outcome of this legal proceeding or whether an adverse result in this case would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position.  We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this matter vigorously.

In Re Skechers Securities Litigation (formerly Laborers Local 235 Benefit Fund v. Skechers USA, Inc. Robert Greenberg, David Weinberg and John Vandemore) – On September 4, 2018, Laborers Local 235 Benefit Fund filed a securities class action on behalf of itself and purportedly on behalf of other shareholders who purchased our company’s stock between October 20, 2017 and July 19, 2018 (the “Class Period”), against our company and certain of its officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, case number 1:18-cv-8039.  The complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period we made materially false statements or omissions of material fact regarding our sales growth and controlling expenses and asserts claims for unspecified damages and attorneys’ fees.  Beginning October 17, 2018, copycat cases were filed, and on January 22, 2019, a consolidated amended class action complaint was filed as In Re Skechers Securities Litigation. On May 13, 2019, we filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. On June 27, 2019, plaintiffs filed an opposition, and on July 29, 2019, we filed a reply. The court heard the motion on January 23, 2020 and took it under submission. We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend these matters vigorously. Given the early stages of these proceedings and the limited information available, we cannot predict the outcome of these legal proceedings or whether an adverse result in these cases would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position.  

Police & Fire Ret. Sys. of the City of Detroit, et al. v. Greenberg, et al. –On July 26, 2019, our company and mostpresent members of the Board of Directors were sued by several shareholdersa stockholder on behalf of our company in a derivative action in the Chancery Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, Case No. 2019-0578. The complaint alleges2022-0633, alleging breach of fiduciary duty, and waste of corporate assets, breach of duty of candor and breach of contract in connection with certain executive officers’ personal use of two company-owned aircraft. The complaint seeks actual damages in favor of Skechers sustained as the grantalleged result of compensationdefendants’ alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, judgment directing our company to take

all necessary actions to reform and improve its corporate governance practices, termination of certain officers. On October 8, 2019, we filed a motion to dismissexecutive officers for allegedly violating their employment agreements, judgment directing the complaint, which is not fully briefed. Mediation is scheduled for March 11, 2020. sale of one of the company-owned aircraft and attorneys’, accountants’ and experts’ fees, costs and expenses. We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this matter vigorously. Given the early stages of these proceedings and the limited information available, we cannot predict the outcome of this legal proceeding or whether an adverse result in this case would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position.  

Kathleen Houseman v. Robert Greenberg, et al.– On November 27, 2018, our company, the Board of Directors and CFO John Vandemore were sued by a shareholder on behalf of our company in a derivative action in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Case No 1:18-cv-01878. The complaint is based largely on the same underlying factual allegations as In Re Skechers Securities Litigation. By mutual agreement of the parties this case has been stayed pending the outcome of In Re Skechers Securities Litigation.We believethat we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this matter vigorously. Notwithstanding, given the early stages of these proceedings and the limited information available, we cannot predict the outcome of this legal proceeding or whether an adverse result in this case would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position.

Jesse Chen v. Robert Greenberg, et al. – On January 16, 2019, our company, the Board of Directors and CFO John Vandemore were sued by a shareholder on behalf of our company in a derivative action in the Superior Court for the State of California for the County of Los Angeles, Case No.19-STC-CV00393. The complaint mirrors the Houseman case, supra, and is based largely on the same underlying factual allegations as In Re Skechers Securities Litigation. By mutual agreement of the parties this case has been stayed pending the outcome of In Re Skechers Securities Litigation.We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this matter vigorously. Notwithstanding, given the early stages of these proceedings and the limited information available, we cannot predict the outcome of this legal proceeding or whether an adverse result in this case would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position.  

Ealeen Wilk v. Skechers U.S.A., Inc. – On September 10, 2018, Ealeen Wilk filed a putative class action lawsuit against our company in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. 5:18-cv-01921, alleging violations of the California Labor Code, including unpaid overtime, unpaid wages due upon termination and unfair business practices. The complaint seeks actual, compensatory, special and general damages; penalties and liquidated damages; restitutionary and injunctive relief; attorneys’ fees and costs; and interest as permitted by law. On July 5, 2019, the court granted, in part, plaintiff’s motion for conditional certification of a Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) collective action. On July 22, 2019, the parties submitted to the court an agreed upon notice to be sent to members of the collective. The parties are delaying the mailing of the Belaire-West privacy opt out notice until after mediation. The parties reached a settlement in principle as a result of a January 27, 2020 mediation but the details of the settlement still need to be worked out and the settlement has to be documented. The parties have agreed to an informal stay of discovery and have stipulated to continue all relevant discovery and motion deadlines accordingly. In the event the settlement is not concluded successfully the deadline for the Court to hear a motion for class certification and/or summary judgement is April 6, 2020 and trial is set for June 16, 2020. While it is too early to predict the outcome of the litigation or a reasonable range of potential losses and whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position, we believe that we have meritorious defenses, vehemently deny the allegations, and intend to defend the case vigorously.

Jose Zavala Guzman v. Team One Employment Specialists, Skechers USA, Inc. et. al. – On April 2, 2019, Jose Guzman, a Team One employee, filed a class action lawsuit against Team One and our company in the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles County, Case No. 19STCV11006. The complaint alleges various wage and hour violations, and seeks compensatory damages, liquidated damages, penalties, interest and restitution. This complaint was followed by a Private Attorney General’s Act Notice, specifying the same allegations raised in the complaint. This matter was tendered to our insurance carrier, and we are currently investigating the allegations.Co-defendant Team-One has filed a motion to compel arbitration, which our company has joined in.  The hearing that was originally set for January 30, 2020 was postponed pending a March 16, 2020 mediation and the matter is otherwise stayed until then. While it is too early to predict the outcome of the litigation or a reasonable range of potential losses and whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial position, we believe that we have meritorious defenses, vehemently deny the allegations, and intend to defend the case vigorously.

In addition to the matters included in our reserve for loss contingencies, we occasionally become involved in litigation arising from the normal course of business, and we are unable to determine the extent of any liability that may arise from any such unanticipated future litigation. We have no reason to believe that there is a reasonable possibility or a probability that we may incur a material loss, or a material loss in excess of a recorded accrual, with respect to any other such loss contingencies. However, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain and assessments and decisions on defense and settlement can change significantly in a short period of time. Therefore, although we consider the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote with respect to those matters for which we have not reserved an amount for loss contingencies, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against our companythe Company in the same reporting period for amounts in excess of our expectations, our consolidated financial statements of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected.

Not applicable.

PART II

Our Class A Common Stock trades under the symbol “SKX” on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SKX”.

Exchange.

HOLDERS

As of February 1, 2020,15, 2023, there were 8581 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock (including holders who are nominees for an undetermined number of beneficial owners) and 3339 holders of record of our Class B Common Stock. These figures do not include beneficial owners who hold shares in nominee name. The Class B Common Stock is not publicly traded, but each share is convertible upon request of the holder into one share of Class A Common Stock.

DIVIDEND POLICYINFORMATION

Share Repurchase ProgramSince inception, we have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we have no present intention of paying any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our Board of Directors periodically reviews our dividend policy to determine whether the declaration of dividends is appropriate.

COMPANY PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

On February 6, 2018, ourJanuary 31, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which wethe Company may, from time to time, purchase shares of ourits Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, (“Class A Common Stock”), for an aggregate repurchase price not to exceed $150.0$500 million. The Share Repurchase Program expires on February 6, 2021. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirementsJanuary 31, 2025 and other relevant factors. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate usthe Company to acquire any particular amount of shares of Class A Common Stock and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The table below summarizes the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock thatshares. There were repurchasedno repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2019.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

Our equity compensation plan information is provided as set forth in Part III, Item 12 of this annual report on Form 10-K.

PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following graph demonstrates the total return to stockholders of our Class A Common Stock from December 31, 20142017 to December 31, 2019,2022, relative to the performance of the Russell 20001000 Index, which includes our Class A Common Stock,S&P Retail Select Industry Index, and the peer group index, which is believed to include companies engaged in businesses similar to ours. The peer group index consists of six companies: Nike, Inc., adidas AG, Steven Madden, Ltd., Wolverine World Wide, Inc., Crocs, Inc., and Deckers Outdoor Corporation.

The graph assumes an investment As of $100 on December 31, 2014 in each of our Class A Common Stock andfiscal year 2022, we believe the stocks comprising eachmembers of the Russell 2000S&P Retail Select Industry Index and the customized peer group index. Each of the indices assumes that all dividends were reinvested. The stock performance ofbetter represents our Class A Common Stock shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future performance. We will neither make nor endorse any predictions as to our future stock performance.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURNSbusiness.

Comparison of 5 Year Cumulative Total Returns

The following tables set forth our company’s selected consolidated financial data as of and for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2019 and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Part II, Item 8 of this annual report.

(In thousands, except net earnings per share)

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.We intend for this discussion to provide the reader with information that will assist in understanding our consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from period to period, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our consolidated financial statements. The discussion also provides information about the financial results of the various segments of our business to provide a better understanding of how those segments and their results affect the financial condition and results of operations of our company as a whole.

ThisDuring the first quarter of 2022, the Company realigned its reporting structure to two reportable segments, Wholesale and Direct-to-Consumer. Prior period amounts have been recast. Wholesale includes sales to department stores, family shoe stores, specialty running and sporting goods retailers, and big box club stores; franchisee and licensee third-party store operators; dedicated e-commerce retailers; and international distributors. Direct-to-Consumer includes direct sales to consumers through an integrated retail format of company-owned physical stores and digital platforms and hosted digital marketplaces in select international markets. With the exception of our segment realignment, this section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 20192022 and 20182021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 20192022 and 2018.2021. Discussions of 20172020 items and year-to-year comparisons that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations” and “—Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182021 filed with the SEC on March 1, 201February 25, 20229..

GENERAL

We design, market and sell lifestyle and performance footwear for men, women and children under the Skechers brand. Our footwear is sold through a wide range of department stores and leading specialty retail stores, mid-tier retailers, boutiques, our own direct-to-consumer stores and e-commerce sites, and distributor and licensee-owned international retail stores. Our objective is to design and market quality footwear that is comfortable, stylish and innovative, leverage our brand name and profitably grow our business across all channels of distribution.

Our operations are organized along our distribution channels, and we have the following three reportable sales segments: domestic wholesale sales, international wholesale sales, which include international direct subsidiary sales and international distributor sales, and direct-to-consumer sales, which includes our company-owned retail stores and direct-to-consumer websites. We evaluate segment performance based primarily on sales and gross margins. See detailed segment information in Note 20 – Segment and Geographic Reporting in our Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part II, Item 8 of this annual report.

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Our salesThis year was a significant milestone for 2019 increased $578.0 million, or 12.5%, to $5,220.1 million, compared tothe Company. Not only was it our 30^th year in business, we also achieved record sales of $4,642.1 million in 2018. The increase in sales primarily came from our international subsidiaries and retail businesses.  Our international wholesale and international retail businesses represented 57.9% of our sales during 2019. During 2019, earnings from operations increased $80.6 million, or 18.4%, to $518.4 million compared to $437.8 million in 2018. Net earnings attributable to Skechers U.S.A., Inc. were $346.6 million for 2019,$7.4 billion, an increase of $45.6 million,$1.1 billion or 15.1%, compared to net earnings of $301.0 million in 2018. Diluted earnings per share for 2019 were $2.25, which reflected a 17.2% increase from the $1.92 diluted earnings per share reported in18% over the prior year. Our working capital was $1,581.4 million at December 31, 2019, which was a decreasecontinued growth demonstrates the strength of $40.5 million from working capital of $1,621.9 million at December 31, 2018. Our cashour brand and cash equivalents decreased $47.3 millionthe robust demand for our innovative product portfolio. The year also presented challenges, including temporary COVID-related store closures predominantly in China, rising freight and logistics costs, elevated inventory levels and supply chain disruptions that created congestion in our distribution network. We were able to $824.9 million at December 31, 2019 from $872.2 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease in cashmanage these challenges due to the flexibility, creativity and cash equivalents was primarily the resultdedication of the purchaseglobal Skechers organization.

Our core product philosophy of comfort, style, innovation, and quality at the minority interestright price continues to resonate with consumers, and we remain focused on delivering our comfort technology footwear as quickly as possible to meet consumer demand. We remain focused on executing against our long-term growth strategies and believe we are well positioned to meet our sales goal of $10 billion by 2026. We are committed to the following investments in support of our India joint venture for $82.9 millionglobal growth strategy:

Growth in the Wholesale segment is expected to derive from expanding our existing shelf-space with current partners, acquiring new partners, supporting the growth of incremental franchise and our investment of $100.7 million for the acquisition of our Mexico joint venture, which were partially offset by our increased net earnings and increased accounts payable.

2019 OVERVIEW

In 2019, we focused on developing comfortable product that is reflective of our expansive audience and changing trends, growing our position in our domestic wholesale accounts, growing our international market share, opening retaillicensed Skechers branded stores, in key locations worldwide, continuing to develop our global infrastructure, and balance sheet and expense management.

New product design and delivery. Our success depends on our ability to design and deliver comfortable, stylish, affordable products to consumers across a broad range of demographics.  In 2019, we focused on fresh updates to our core and existing styles as well as broadeningthe introduction of new products to existing partners. Growth in the Direct-to-Consumer segment is expected to derive from increasing our reach through collaborations, limited edition collections,digital commerce capabilities, expanding our physical retail footprint and new innovations such as Arch Fitleveraging third-party digital platforms and Hyper Burst.

Grow our domestic business. In 2019, we delivered updates to our core and existing styles, launched collaborations with partners, including Atmos and Opening Ceremony, as well as with well-known properties including Scooby Doo, Doug the Pug and Grumpy Cat, and introduced the award-winning Hyper Burst technology in our Skechers Performance line. In addition, we updated our successful Skechers GO Walk collection by launching Skechers GO Walk Smart and Skechers GO Walk 5. In 2019, we remained a leading source for walking, work, casual lifestyle, sandals, and casual athletic footwear.marketplaces.

Further develop our international businesses. During 2019, we continued to focus on growing our international sales by expanding the products we deliver to our international markets and growing our presence with wholesale partners with solutions like shop-in-shops and focal walls. We also purchased the outstanding minority interest of our India joint venture and completed an investment into a new joint venture in Mexico.RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Expand Skechers global direct-to-consumer base. Believing that Skechers retail stores are effective and profitable brand building tools, we continued to open Skechers stores around the world, both company and third-party owned. We also continued to enhance our e-commerce solutions by investing in people and technology to drive growth in the on-line channel.

Develop our global infrastructure. In 2019, we continued constructing a new China distribution center to support our operations in the region, and we expect it to be completed in 2020. We also added additional capacity in our European Distribution Center and commenced planning to expand our Rancho Belago distribution center to support the growth of our domestic wholesale and direct-to-consumer business.

Balance sheet and expense management. During 2019, we continued to focus on managing our balance sheet and bringing our marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses in line with expected sales. During 2019, we returned $30.0 million to stockholders by repurchasing 1.0 million shares of our Class A Common Stock. We also expanded and extended our existing credit facility during 2019 to provided additional liquidity to support our global growth.

OUTLOOK FOR 2020

During 2020, we will continue to innovate our lifestyle and performance product lines by developing new styles and expanding into new categories. This includes building on our fit offerings with the addition of Stretch Knit and Arch Fit; our Performance offering with new versions of GO Walk and the addition of Hyper Burst and Max Cushioning; and our heritage collection with Street Cleats, Skechers D’Lites, Skechers Stamina, and Skechers Energy, among others. The global footwear market is competitive, but we believe global demand for the brand will remain strong due to our strategy of delivering style, comfort, innovation and quality that is affordably priced. We believe appeal for our product is broad and our marketing is effective and impactful. We will continue to use local and global brand ambassadors—including sports icons Clayton Kershaw, Tony Romo, and Howie Long for men; Brooke Burke for women; elite athletes Meb Kelfezighi, Lionel Sanders and Edward Cheserek; and professional golfers Matt Kuchar, Brooke Henderson, and Colin Montgomerie. We expect to continue to increase our shelf space, and to open another 115 to 125 company-owned retail locations worldwide and to make investments in our direct-to-consumer technology infrastructure. In addition, we expect to complete the construction of our new distribution center in China, begin the expansion of our distribution center in the United States, and continue the construction of our corporate headquarters.

DEFINITIONS

Net sales

Reference in this annual report to “Sales” refers to Skechers’ net sales reported under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

Comparable sales

As part of our discussion ofSelected information from our results of operations we disclose comparable store sales, for which we typically include the impact of direct-to-consumer sales on our company-owned websites. With respect to any reporting period, we define comparable store sales as sales for stores that are owned and operated for at least thirteen full calendar months as of the last day of any calendar month within the current reporting period, and include only those sales for each of the comparable full calendar months that the store is open within each period. When a store closes at the end of a lease during a reporting period, we include in comparable store sales the sales for the number of comparable full calendar months that the store was open within the reporting period. We include new stores in comparable store sales commencing with the fourteenth month of operations because we believe it provides a more meaningful comparison of operating results of months with stabilized operations, and excludes a new store’s first full calendar month of operations when operating results may not be representative for a variety of reasons.

Definitions and calculations of comparable store sales differ among companies in the retail industry, and therefore comparable store sales disclosed by us may not be comparable to the metrics disclosed by other companies.follows:

Cost of sales or Gross margins

Our cost of sales includes the cost of footwear purchased from our manufacturers, duties, tariffs, quota costs, inbound freight (including ocean, air and freight from the dock to our distribution centers), broker fees and storage costs. Because we include expenses related to our distribution network in general and administrative expenses, while some of our competitors may include expenses of this type in cost of sales, our gross margins may not be comparable and we may report higher gross margins than some of our competitors in part for this reason.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses consist primarily of the following: sales representative sample costs, sales commissions, trade shows, advertising and promotional costs, which may include television and ad production costs, and point-of-purchase costs.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the following: salaries, wages and related taxes, various overhead costs associated with our corporate staff, stock-based compensation, domestic and international retail operations, non-selling related costs of our international operations, costs and expenses related to our distribution network for our Rancho Belago, European and other foreign distribution centers, professional fees related to both legal and accounting services, insurance, depreciation and amortization, asset impairment and legal settlements, among other expenses. Our distribution network-related costs are included in general and administrative expenses and are not allocated to specific segments.

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018

Sales

Sales for 2019 were $5,220.1 million, which was an increase of $578.0 million,increased $1.1 billion, or 12.5%, compared to sales of $4,642.1 million for 2018. The increase in sales primarily came from our international wholesale and retail businesses.  

Our domestic wholesale sales decreased $12.0 million, or 1.0%18.0%, to $1,247.6 million for 2019 compared to $1,259.6 million for 2018. The decrease in our domestic wholesale segment’s sales was the$7.4 billion as a result of a 1.9% unit20.0% increase domestically and a 16.6% increase internationally. Wholesale sales increased 23.2% and Direct-to-Consumer increased 10.2%. Sales increased overall due to improved volume decrease,and higher average selling prices.

Gross margin

Gross margin decreased 230 basis points to 57.0 million pairs in 2019 from 58.1 million pairs in 2018, which was47.2% primarily driven by increased freight and logistics costs, partially offset by an increase in average selling price per pair of 1.9%increases.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses increased $442.5 million, or 17.5%, to $21.67 per pair for 2019 from $21.26 in 2018. This sales decrease was attributable to lower sales in our Women’s$3.0 billion, and Men’s Go, Kids and YOU divisions during 2019. The average selling price per pair increase within the domestic wholesale segment was primarily the result of product sales mix.

Our international wholesale segment sales increased $407.8 million, or 19.8%, to $2,462.6 million for 2019 compared to sales of $2,054.8 million for 2018. Our international wholesale sales consist of wholesale sales by our foreign subsidiaries, sales from our China joint venture and sales to our distributors, who in turn sell to retailers in various international regions where we do not sell directly. Direct sales by our foreign subsidiaries, including our joint ventures, increased $325.8 million, or 18.9%, to $2,047.3 million for 2019 compared to sales of $1,721.5 million for 2018. The largest sales increases during the year came from our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Germany, India and Spain, and our joint ventures in China, Korea and Mexico. The increases are primarily attributable to sales of our Men’s and Women’s Sport, Go, BOBS, and Men’s U.S.A., lines. Our distributor sales increased $82.0 million, or 24.6%, to $415.3 million for 2019, compared to sales of $333.3 million for 2018. This was primarily attributable to increased sales to our distributors in Russia, Indonesia and United Arab Emirates.

Our retail segment sales increased $182.2 million to $1,509.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a 13.7% increase over sales of $1,327.7 million for 2018. The increase in retail sales was primarily attributableto increased comparable sales of 5.4%, which included increased sales within our Men’s and Women’s Sport, Men’s U.S.A. and Work divisions and a net increase of 27 domestic and 20 international stores compared to 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2019, our domestic retail sales, increased 9.4% compared to 2018, which was primarily attributable to increased domestic store count and to positive comparable domestic store sales of 4.8%, and our international retail store sales increased 22.0% compared to 2018, which was attributable to increased international store count and positive comparable international store sales of 7.0%.

We believe that we have established our presence in most major domestic retail markets. We had 497 domestic stores and 302 international retail stores as of February 1, 2020, and we currently plan to open approximately 115 to 125 stores in 2020. During 2019, we opened one domestic factory outlet store, 32 domestic warehouse outlet stores, 15 international concept stores, 11 international factory outlet stores. During 2019, we closed five domestic concept stores, one domestic outlet store and six international concept stores. We periodically review all of our stores for impairment. During 2019 and 2018, we did not record an impairment charge related to our retail stores.

Gross profit

Gross profit for 2019 increased $267.6 million, or 12.0%, to $2,491.1 million from $2,223.5 million for 2018. Gross profit, as a percentage of sales or gross margin, decreased slightlyimproved 20 basis points to 47.7% in 2019 from 47.9% for 2018. Our domestic wholesale segment gross profit decreased $10.439.9%. Selling expenses increased $84.1 million, or 2.2%16.8%, to $457.9$583.6 million, for 2019 from $468.3 million for 2018, which was primarily attributable due to lower sales. Domestic wholesale gross margins decreased to 36.7% for 2019from 37.2% for2018 primarily due to increased tariffs.

Gross profit for our international wholesale segment increased $156.9 million, or 16.1%, to $1,133.6 million for 2019 compared to $976.7 million for 2018. Gross margins for the international wholesale segment were 46.0% for 2019 compared to 47.5% for 2018. Gross margins for our international direct subsidiary sales, including our joint ventures, were 50.1% for 2019 as compared to 51.7% for 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to promotional efforts to clear seasonal inventory in select markets. Gross margins for our international distributor sales were 25.8% for 2019 as compared to 25.9% for 2018.

Gross profit for our direct-to-consumer segment increased $121.1 million, or 15.6%, to $899.6 million for 2019 as compared to $778.5 million for 2018. Gross margins for all stores were 59.6% for 2019 compared to 58.6% for 2018. Gross margins for our domestic direct-to-consumer sales were 62.5% for 2019 as compared to 61.3% for 2018 primarily due to higher average selling prices. Gross margins for our international direct-to-consumer sales were 54.6% for 2019 as compared to 53.6% for 2018 primarily due to favorable product mix. The increasedemand creation expenditures in our domestic retail margins was primarily attributable to higher average selling pricesdigital advertising and lower average product costs.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses increased by $19.5 million, or 5.6%, to $369.9 million for 2019 from $350.4 million for 2018. As a percentage of sales, selling expenses were 7.1% and 7.5% for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in selling expenses was primarily the result of higher advertising expense of $20.3 million.

General and administrative expenses

global marketing. General and administrative expenses increased by $169.3$358.4 million, or 11.6%17.7%, to $1,625.3 million for 2019 from $1,456.0 million for 2018. As a percentage of sales, general$2.4 billion, due to higher labor and administrative expenses were 31.1% and 31.4% for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to $61.1 million related to supporting our growing international operations, particularly in China and Mexico, increased store operatingcompensation costs of $78.4$193.9 million primarily attributable to an additional net 47 stores, and increased domestic wholesale generalwarehouse and administrativedistribution expenses of $29.8 million primarily due to increased distribution costs of $26.8$75.4 million as a result of increased direct-to-consumer sales.supply chain and logistics challenges at the domestic distribution center and higher volume driven expenses. Included in these costs is approximately $90.0 million of labor and distribution expenses related to the supply chain challenges at the domestic distribution center.

Other income (expense)expense

Interest income was $11.8Other expense decreased $4.0 million for 2019to $24.4 million, compared to $10.1$28.4 million, for 2018. The increase in interest income was primarily due to higher average cash and investment balances and higher effective interest rates. Interest expense for 2019 increased $1.7 million to $7.5 million compared to $5.8 millionimprovements in 2018. Interest expense increased primarily due to increased interest owed to our foreign manufacturers. Loss on foreign currency transactions for 2019 was $5.7 million compared to a $9.2 million loss in 2018. This decreased foreign currency exchange lossrates in Europe, Middle East & Africa.

Income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) and the effective tax rate were as follows:

Income tax expense was primarily attributable$93.1 million as compared to an income tax benefit of $245.9 million in 2021 due to the establishment of deferred tax assets from an intra-entity transfer of certain intellectual property rights of $346.8 million. Our effective tax rate was 17.8% as compared to negative 43.2% tax rate in the prior year, which included the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar on our intercompany balances in our foreign subsidiaries.

Income taxes60.9% benefit from the intellectual property rights transfer.

Our provision for income tax expense (benefit) and our effective income tax rate are significantly impacted by the mix of our domestic and foreign earnings (loss)(losses) before income taxes. In the non-U.S.foreign jurisdictions in which we have operations, the applicable statutory rates range from 0.0% to 34.0%, which on average are generally significantly lower than in the U.S., ranging from 0% to 34.6%. Our provision for income tax expense was calculated using the applicable statutory income tax rate for each jurisdiction applied to our pre-tax earnings (loss) in each jurisdiction, while our effective tax rate is calculated by dividing income tax expense by earnings (loss) before income taxes.

Our earnings (loss) before income taxes and income tax expense for 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

For 2019, the effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal and state combined statutory rate of approximately 25%, primarily because of earnings from foreign operations in jurisdictions imposing either lower tax rates on corporate earnings or no corporate income tax. During 2019, as reflected in the table above, earnings (loss) before income taxes in the U.S. were $5.0million, with income tax expense of $24.9million, which is an average rate of 498%25.0%. This rate is higher than the 25% U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the taxation on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), in the U.S. Earnings (loss) before income taxes in non-U.S. jurisdictions were $511.0million, with an aggregate income tax expense of $63.9million, which is an average rate of 12.5%. Combined, this results in consolidated earnings before income taxes for the period of $516.0million, and consolidated income tax expense for the period of $88.8million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 17.2%. For 2019, of our $511.0million in earnings before income tax earned outside the U.S., $245.6million was earned in Jersey, which does not impose a tax on corporate earnings. In Jersey, earnings before income taxes increased by $32.3million to $245.6 million in 2019from $213.3million in 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in international sales, which resulted in an increase in earnings before income taxes in Jersey from royalties and commissions under the terms of our inter-subsidiary agreements. In addition, there were foreign losses of $7.6million for which no tax benefit was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 because of the provision of offsetting valuation allowances. Individually, none of the other foreign jurisdictions included in “Other jurisdictions” in the table above had earnings greater than 5% of our consolidated earnings (loss) before taxes in any of the years shown.