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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

2023

OR

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                     TO                     

FROM___________TO

Commission File Number 001-39293
InariMedical_Logo_R small.jpg

Inari Medical, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

_________________________________________

Delaware

45-2902923

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer


Identification No.)

9 Parker,

6001 Oak Canyon, Suite 100

Irvine, California

92618

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (877) 923-4747

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.001 par value per share

NARI

NARI

The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES  NO 

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES  NO 

Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES  NO 

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES  NO 

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,”filer”, “accelerated filer,”filer”, “smaller reporting company,”company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

x

Accelerated filer

o

Non-accelerated filer

o

Smaller reporting company

o

Emerging growth company

o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

x

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES  NO 

Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market on June 30, 2020,2023, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $953.6 million.

$2.83 billion.

The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 1, 2021February 23, 2024 was 49,500,688.

57,960,555.


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The Registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A withingwithin 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.2023. Portions of such definitive proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



Table of Contents

Table of Contents

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PART I

Item 1.

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Item 1A.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements.statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “predicts,”“may”, “will”, “would”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “could”, “intends”, “targets”, “projects”, “contemplates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “forecasts”, “predicts”, “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions.expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, plans for our products, expectations regarding our recent acquisition of LimFlow S.A., the impact of macroeconomic conditions, industry and business trends, stock compensation, business strategy, plans, market growth, regulatory climate, competitive landscape and our objectives for future operations.

The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the important factors discussed below under “Summary Risk Factors”, in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2023. The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and have filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

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Summary Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties when investing in our common stock. The principal risks and uncertainties affecting our business include, but are not limited to, the following:

We are an early-stage company with a history of significant net losses, we may incur operating losses in the future and we may not be able to sustain profitability;

A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease in the United States or worldwide, including the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, could adversely affect our business;

Our revenue is currently generated from the sales of our two products and we are therefore highly dependent on the success of those products. Our long-term growth depends on our ability to enhance our products, expand our indications and develop and commercialize additional products in a timely manner;

We have limited commercial sales experience regarding our products, including limited experience in training and marketing and selling our products, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business, predict our future prospects and forecast our financial performance and growth;

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Our business is dependent upon the broad adoption of our productssolutions and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures by hospitals, physicians and patients;

The market for our solutions is highly competitive, and our competitors may have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources than we do;

AdoptionWe face a number of manufacturing risks that may adversely affect our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products requires approval by customers, such as hospital value analysis committees, and depends upon appropriate physician training, practice and patient selection and positive clinical data;

manufacturing abilities;

Our products are used inWe depend on a limited number of proceduressingle source suppliers and, there is a limited total addressable market for certain of our products. products, on third-party contract manufacturers, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations;

The sizesuse, misuse or off-label use of our solutions may result in enforcement action by the markets forFDA or injuries that lead to product liability suits or regulatory action, either of which could be expensive, divert management's attention and harm our current products have not been established with precision,reputation and may be smaller than we estimate;

business;

Catheter-based treatment for PE is subject to a Medicare National Coverage Determination that may restrict Medicare coverage for procedures using our FlowTriever product for the treatment of PE;

We may not be able to maintain adequate levels of third-party coverage and reimbursement andor third parties may rescind or modify their coverage or delay payments related to our products;

solutions;

The market forIf the quality of our products is highly competitive. solutions does not meet the expectations of physicians or patients, then our brand and reputation or our business could be adversely affected;

Our competitorslong-term growth depends on our ability to enhance our solutions, expand our indications and develop and commercialize additional new solutions in a timely manner and if we fail to do so we may have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources than we do, andbe unable to grow our business;
We may not be able to developsuccessfully integrate any companies or market treatmentstechnologies that are safer, more effectivewe have or gain greater acceptancemay in the marketplace thanfuture acquire, including the LimFlow business;
We may be unable to manage the anticipated growth of our products;

business;

We have limitedoperate our business, including manufacturing facilities and experience manufacturingthe vast majority of our productssolutions, out of a single site in commercial quantitiesIrvine, California, and we face a number of manufacturing risks that may experience delays in production or an increase in costs if this facility is damaged or becomes inoperable;

Our solutions and operations are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight in the United States and in foreign countries;
We may not receive, or may be delayed in receiving, the necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our future solutions or modifications to our current solutions, and failure to timely obtain necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our future solutions or modifications to our current solutions would adversely affect our manufacturing abilities;

We depend on a limited number of single source suppliersability to manufacturegrow our components, sub-assembliesbusiness; and materials, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations;

As international expansion of our business occurs in future years, it will expose us to market, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States;

Our success will depend on our, and any of our current and future licensors’, ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights; and

rights.
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Our products and operations are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight in the United States and abroad.

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

BUSINESS

Overview

Patients first. No small plans. Take care of each other. These are the guiding principles that form the ethos of Inari Medical. We are committed to improving lives in extraordinary ways by creating innovative solutions for both unmet and underserved health needs. In addition to our purpose-built solutions, we leverage our capabilities in education, clinical research, and program development to improve patient outcomes. We are passionate about our mission to establish our treatments as the standard of care for venous disease, including venous thromboembolism, chronic venous disease and beyond. We are just getting started.
We purpose build a commercial-stagevariety of products, including minimally invasive, novel, catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy devices and their accessories to address the unique characteristics of specific disease states. In addition, in November 2023, we acquired LimFlow S.A. (LimFlow), a medical device company focused on developing productslimb salvage for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). CLTI is an advanced stage of peripheral artery disease that is associated with increased mortality, risk of amputation and impaired quality of life. The LimFlow system utilizes transcatheter arterialization of deep veins (TADV) to treatbypass blocked arteries in the leg and transformdeliver oxygenated blood back into the lives of patients suffering from venous diseases. Our initial product offering consists of two minimally-invasive, novel catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy devices. We purpose-builtfoot via the veins in CLTI patients. Together, our products fordevices and systems provide solutions to address the specific characteristics of the venous system and the treatment of the two distinct manifestations of venous thromboembolism, or VTE –following disease states: deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Our ClotTriever product is FDA-cleared for the removal of clot from peripheral blood vessels and is used to treat patients suffering from deep vein thrombosis, or DVT. Our FlowTriever product is the first thrombectomy system FDA-cleared for the treatment of pulmonary embolism, arteriovenous (AV) thrombosis primarily in dialysis fistulas or PE. These productsgrafts, acute limb ischemia (ALI), chronic venous disease, and CLTI. The results of operations of LimFlow have been used to treat more than 20,000 patients at over 800 hospitals acrossincluded in our consolidated financial statements from the United States. date of the acquisition.
The key pillars of our growth strategy are:
Driving our solutions towards standard of care in venous thromboembolism (VTE);
Building momentum with new products in new markets;
Expanding our footprint internationally.
We have experienced significant growth since we began commercializing our products in the United States. We generated revenue of $493.6 million, with approximately 13,200 procedures performed using our products in 2020.

a gross margin of 88.0% and net loss of $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to revenue of $383.5 million, with a gross margin of 88.4% and net loss of $29.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Market for Our Products
Our product offerings consist of solutions aimed at improving outcomes for patients suffering from venous thromboembolism and other vascular diseases and conditions, including chronic venous disease, small vessel thrombosis, arterial thromboembolism and chronic-limb-threatening ischemia.
Venous Thromboembolism
Venous thromboembolism, or VTE, is a disease caused by blood clot formation in the veins of the body and is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. VTE represents the third most common vascular diagnosis in the United States after myocardial infarction and stroke. Researchers estimate that approximately one million people present with VTE in the United States each year, with approximately 668,000 new patients diagnosed withincludes both deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, and approximately 400,000 new patients diagnosed with PE each year. VTE results in approximately 296,000 deaths in the United States each year and industry sources estimate that VTE-related direct health care costs exceed $10 billion per year.

Of the estimated 668,000 new DVT diagnoses and 400,000 new PE diagnoses in the United States each year, we believe approximately 242,000 DVT patients and approximately 200,000 PE patients could benefit from safe and effective treatment with ourpulmonary embolism, or PE. Our first two devices, ClotTriever and FlowTriever, products, respectively. In addition, amongwere developed to treat the 668,000 DVT patients, we believe there are approximately 20,000 patients with clot in transit in the right atrium who could benefit from treatment with FlowTriever products.  Taken together,debilitating effects of VTE, and this representsremains a potential annual addressable U.S. market opportunity forcore focus of our current products of approximately $3.8 billion. We also believe there is a substantial market opportunity outside the United States.

business.

The current standard of care for treating VTE is conservative medical management with anticoagulants, which are drugs designed to prevent further blood clotting, but that do not break down or eliminate existing clots. Anticoagulants are intended to stop further clot formation while the body attempts to break down and remove clots using natural mechanisms. Nearly all patients receive this treatment, many of whom remain on anticoagulants for the remainder of their lives. We estimate that 68% of our target DVT patients and 90% of our target PE patients are treated withIn addition to anticoagulants, alone. We estimate that the remaining 32% of our target DVT patients and 10% of our target PEsome patients also receive additional treatment using mechanical thrombectomy or thrombolytic drug therapy.

Historically, development efforts for mechanical thrombectomy devices have focused on arterial devices, which are then repurposed for use in the venous system. Given the significant differences between the arterial and venous systems and the clot that forms in each system, these devices have difficulty removing venous clot, which is often adhered to the vessel wall and is older, firmer and substantially larger than arterial clot.

Thrombolytic drugs accelerate the body’s natural mechanisms for breaking down clot but are generally not effective onhave limited effectiveness due to the chronic nature of most venous clot.clots. These drugs also are associated

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with a risk of spontaneous major bleeding, including catastrophic bleeding in the brain. In addition, these drugs are expensive and require monitoring in a critical care setting, such as the intensive care unit, or ICU.

Deep Vein Thrombosis
Patients with DVT can experience swelling, cramping and unexplained pain in the foot, ankle or leg, warm skin and discoloration of the skin. Symptoms can persist and worsen over time if left untreated and can ultimately progress into chronic venous disease. If DVT is treated with conservative therapies only, patients can develop painful, debilitating ulcers, and up to 50% of patients will develop post-thrombotic syndrome, or PTS, a severe, lifestyle-limiting disease that is characterized by chronic pain, swelling and skin ulcers.
Pulmonary Embolism
PE represents the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in the United States after myocardial infarction and stroke. Patients with PE can experience trouble breathing, chest pain, coughing blood, rapid heartbeat, passing out and, ultimately, death. Up to 50% of patients who survive have long-term residual pulmonary vascular obstruction due to the body’s inability to break down and eliminate the clot. These patients may experience significantly impaired function of the heart and lungs, shortness of breath, reduced exercise capacity and lifestyle limitations, and have a statistically higher rate of recurrent PE, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure and death. PE is a leading cause of preventable deaths in hospitals. For example, high-risk PE has a mortality rate of up to 50% within 30 days, with approximately 5% of all PE patients considered high risk. Intermediate-risk PE has a 6% to 15% mortality rate within 30 days, and represents approximately 50% of all PE patients.
We believe the best way to treat VTE and improve the quality of life offor patients suffering from this disease is to safely and effectively remove the blood clot. WithThrough our clinical evidence, we have proven that removing all or almost all of the clot matters. We purpose built our clot-removing ClotTriever and FlowTriever systems, which are described in mind,more detail below under “Our Solutions - Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)” to effectively treat DVT and PE.
We estimate that approximately 1.9 million people present with VTE in the United States each year, with approximately 1.0 million patients diagnosed with DVT and approximately 900,000 patients diagnosed with PE each year. Based on our recent reassessment of the total addressable market for VTE in the United States, of these estimated annual DVT and PE diagnoses, we designedbelieve approximately 430,000 DVT patients and purpose-builtapproximately 280,000 PE patients could benefit from safe and effective treatment with our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products. The ClotTrieversystems each year, respectively. In addition, we believe there are approximately 20,000 patients with clot in transit in the right atrium who could benefit from treatment with our FlowTriever system. Taken together, these patients represent a potential annual addressable U.S. market opportunity for these solutions of approximately $5.8 billion. We also believe there is a mechanicalsubstantial market opportunity internationally.
Emerging Therapies
Chronic Venous Disease
Chronic venous disease, or CVD, often progresses from DVT and includes scarred vein walls and wall-adherent obstructions. If these obstructions are left unaddressed, patients can develop painful, debilitating ulcers and ultimately progress to PTS. Up to 50% of patients suffering from DVT that are treated with conservative therapies will develop CVD, which is often caused by chronic scarring and occlusion of vessels. Because of the severity and lifestyle-limiting nature of CVD symptoms, approximately 90% of patients with PTS are unable to work 10 years after diagnosis.
The current standard of care for treating CVD is conservative medical management with anticoagulants, compression therapy and superficial treatment of wounds and leg ulcers. Nearly all patients receive this treatment, many of whom remain on anticoagulants for the remainder of their lives. The poor outcomes for many patients with DVT described above occur despite being treated with conservative medical management.

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We believe the best way to treat CVD and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from this disease is to safely and effectively restore the flow through opening the obstructed vein, including the removal of any chronic clot that may remain. In addition to treating CVD with our existing ClotTriever and FlowTriever systems, we purpose built our ClotTriever BOLD catheter to address a range of clot chronicity, including chronic clot, and our RevCore thrombectomy catheter to address venous stent thrombosis. ClotTriever BOLD is a multi-purpose solution, addressing both chronic clot and DVT. We plan to continue our efforts in treating the debilitating effects of CVD and related diseases through additional solutions in the near and medium term.
We estimate that approximately 100,000 people in the United States each year present with a new case of obstructive CVD, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 1.0 million patients. These patients represent a potential annual addressable U.S. market opportunity of approximately $1.0 billion, with a prevalence of approximately $10.0 billion. We also believe there is a substantial market opportunity internationally.
Small Vessel Thrombosis
Small vessel thrombosis refers to clots that occur in the smaller vessels, including the upper extremities, below the knee, and arteriovenous (AV) thrombosis primarily in dialysis fistulas or grafts. Thrombosis that occurs at the AV access point in an AV fistula or graft can result in loss of access to life-saving dialysis.
Current treatments for small vessel thrombosis generally are limited due to conservative medical management similar to VTE. In addition, with respect to dialysis patients, current treatments are limited due to a number of factors, including that most methods for removing clot from the AV send clot to the lungs, exacerbating pulmonary hypertension in an already sick patient. In addition, thrombosis in the AV has a high recurrence rate and current treatments are not as effective for chronic or larger clot burdens.
We believe the best way to treat small vessel thrombosis and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from the underlying diseases is to safely and effectively remove as much clot as possible. We purpose built our InThrill system to effectively treat small vessel thrombosis generally, and AV thrombosis specifically. We plan to continue our efforts in treating the debilitating effects of clot in the small vessels through additional solutions or enhancements.
We estimate that between approximately 150,000 and 200,000 patients in the United States each year present with AV thrombosis and another approximately 80,000 patients present with thrombosis below the knee or in the upper extremities. These patients represent a potential annual addressable U.S. market opportunity of approximately $1.0 billion. We also believe there is a substantial market opportunity internationally.
Arterial Thromboembolism
Acute limb ischemia (ALI), acute visceral ischemia, and certain cases of chronic limb ischemia are all acute embolization events that can cause extensive damage if not treated quickly. Due to the emergent nature of these diseases and because there are no purpose-built solutions, over 50% of patients often require open surgical procedures which can result in distal embolization and vessel trauma. If a patient is not a candidate for open embolectomy, they are often treated with thrombolytic drugs or other conservative forms of medical treatment.
We believe the best way to treat ALI and related diseases is to quickly, safely and effectively remove the clot. We are purposefully designing our Artix system to effectively remove thrombosis to alleviate the symptoms of these underlying and emergent diseases, and we plan to continue developing solutions for these disease states.
We estimate that approximately 80,000 patients in the United States each year present with ALI or other arterial thromboembolism in the peripheral vasculature. These patients represent a potential annual addressable U.S. market opportunity of approximately $600.0 million. We also believe there is a substantial market opportunity internationally.

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Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is an advanced stage of peripheral artery disease that is associated with increased mortality, risk of amputation and impaired quality of life. No-option CLTI patients are those who are facing major amputation and have exhausted all other therapeutic options. LimFlow's transcatheter arterialization of deep veins (TADV) system is minimally-invasive and is designed to core, capturebypass blocked arteries in the leg and remove large clots from large vessels and is used to treat DVT. The FlowTrieverdeliver oxygenated blood back into the foot via the veins in no-option CLTI patients.
CLTI is a large bore catheter-based aspiration and mechanical thrombectomy system designed to remove large clots from large vessels to treat PE. Bothunderpenetrated market, impacting more than 1.5 million patients each year globally, approximately 560,000 of which are in the United States. We estimate that no-option CLTI impacts approximately 55,000 patients in the United States each year. We believe these patients represent a potential annual addressable market opportunity of approximately $1.5 billion. As a result, we believe that CLTI represents one of the most significant unmet needs in vascular medicine.
International
We compete globally in the U.S. and across international geographies. International includes countries across Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), Latin America and Canada (LAC), and Asia Pacific (APAC). We currently operate in 22 countries within EMEA, six in LAC, and three in APAC. In these international markets, we sell products are designed to eliminateeither directly or through distributors, with the need for thrombolytic drugs.

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practice varying by country.

Our Solutions
We believe our VTE and Emerging Therapy products are transformational because they offer hospitals, physicianstransformational. Key benefits of our VTE products and patients the following key benefits:

Capturecertain of our Emerging Therapy products, including RevCore, and remove large clot burden from largevessels;

InThrill are to:

Liberate clot mechanically and remove venous clot from the vesselwall;

Eliminate the need for thrombolyticdrugs;

Remove clot safely with minimal bloodloss;

Offer simple,Simple, intuitive and easy to use solutions tophysicians;

Enable short, single-session treatment with improved hospital and physicianefficiency; and

Offer positive clinical outcomes for patients and economic value to hospitals;

Require no capital investment.

Capture and remove clot burden from vessels with tools designed to fit the vessel size, including large bore catheters for the venous system;
Liberate clot mechanically where aspiration technology may not be as effective;

Eliminate the need for thrombolytic drugs; and
Remove clots safely with minimal blood loss and return blood to patients when treating PE using our proprietary FlowSaver blood return system.
We believe the historical bias for conservative medical management in clot removal is largely due to the ineffectiveness of, and risks associated with, current alternative treatments, and the lack of mechanical tools capable of removing venous clot in a safe, effective and simple way.purpose-built solutions. The standard of care for treatment of other thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, has evolved from the use of anticoagulants alone to anticoagulants together with thrombolytic drugs and eventually to anticoagulants together with definitive catheter-based interventions. We believe our productssolutions could be the catalyst to drive the same evolution of treatment for venous diseases,our target opportunities, establishing our productssolutions as the standard of care.
Additionally, LimFlow, as one of our Emerging Therapy solutions, currently is the only FDA approved purpose-built system for artery to vein crossing and offers a critical alternative to amputation for no-option CLTI patients, as limb loss is associated with significant complications, mortality, and deterioration of quality of life. Key benefits of the LimFlow system for no-option CLTI patients are to:
allow for a minimally-invasive procedure;
provide for a reproducible procedure across diverse treatment sites and physicians;
reduce pain and promote wound healing; and
increase the chance of limb salvage.
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All of our systems are designed as single-use, sterile systems, to be deployed over a wire. They do not require capital equipment. Procedures are typically performed in a catheterization laboratory, or cath lab, interventional suite or operating room. Each component of a system is packaged separately, and we generally price our systems on a per procedure basis instead of charging for each component used in a procedure. Our sales representatives generally target interventional radiologists, interventional cardiologists, and vascular surgeons in selling each of our systems.
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
ClotTriever System
The ClotTriever system is a comprehensive solution for DVT and peripheral thrombus. The ClotTriever system was designed to core, capture, and remove large clots from large vessels. The ClotTriever is 510(k) cleared for the non-surgical removal of thrombi and emboli from blood vessels, and for the injection, infusion, and/or aspiration of contrast media and other fluids into or from a blood vessel, is intended for use in the peripheral vasculature including in patients with DVT, and is CE marked for the treatment of DVT. We began commercializing our ClotTriever system in 2017 and continue to expand the system through indication expansions, component enhancements and new solutions.
Each component is packaged separately and may be sold individually or as part of a system. The ClotTriever system consists of the following primary components:
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ClotTriever Sheath
ClotTriever Bold Catheter
ClotTriever Catheter
ProTrieve Sheath
ClotTriever XL v3 Hero 01_JPG.jpg
ClotTrieverBold_Gen2_ProductShots_v1_CamCover02_F005V2_JPG.jpg
ClotTriever XLClotTriever Bold Gen 2
FlowTriever System
The FlowTriever is a large bore catheter-based aspiration and mechanical thrombectomy system designed to remove large clots from large vessels in the peripheral vasculature and specifically to treat PE, although it is also used by physicians to treat other complex venous thromboembolism cases. The FlowTriever is 510(k)-cleared by the FDA for the non-surgical removal of emboli and thrombi from blood vessels, and injection, infusion, and/or aspiration of contrast media and other fluids into or from a blood vessel, is intended for use in the peripheral vasculature and for the treatment of PE, and is CE marked for the treatment of PE. Triever catheters, a component of the FlowTriever system, are also intended for use in the treatment of clot in transit from the right atrium. We began commercializing our FlowTriever system in 2017 and continue to expand the system through indication expansions, component enhancements and new solutions.
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The FlowTriever system consists of the following components, which are included in the price of the system:
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Triever Catheters
FlowTriever Catheters
Triever20 Curve Catheter
FlowSaver Blood Return System
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Intri24 Sheath
Large Bore Syringe and Whoosh Mechanism
Triever16 Curve_JPG.jpg
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Triever16 Curve Catheter
FlowStasis Suture Retention Device
Emerging Therapies
Chronic Venous Disease Toolkit
We are currently designing a toolkit for treating CVD. The first device in the toolkit is the ClotTriever BOLD which also forms part of our DVT toolkit. The ClotTriever BOLD is similar to the original ClotTriever catheter and is designed to core, capture and remove large clots from large vessels and address a range of clot chronicity, including chronic clot. The ClotTriever BOLD is 510(k) cleared for the non-surgical removal of thrombi and emboli from blood vessels, and for the injection, infusion, and/or aspiration of contrast media and other fluids into or from a blood vessel, is intended for use in the peripheral vasculature, including in patients with DVT, and is CE marked for the treatment of DVT. We began commercializing the ClotTriever BOLD in early 2022.
During the second quarter of 2023, we began commercializing the RevCore thrombectomy catheter, which is the first mechanical thrombectomy device developed to treat acute to chronic in-stent thrombosis. RevCore is 510(k) cleared for the non-surgical removal of thrombi and emboli from blood vessels and for the injection, infusion, and/or aspiration of contrast media and other fluids into or from a blood vessel, and is intended for use in the peripheral vasculature. The device includes a unique diameter-controlled coring element specifically designed to safely engage thrombus within stents. With RevCore, we have developed a solution for an entirely new patient population not currently addressed by the ClotTriever or FlowTriever systems.
We are continuing to expand our CVD toolkit to include a recanalization device, crossing device and stent cleaner device among other enhancements and expansions. We expect the CVD toolkit devices to be packaged separately and sold individually, or as part of the ClotTriever system.
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ClotTriever Bold Catheter
RevCore
InThrill System
The InThrill system was purpose-built to treat small vessel thrombosis. The InThrill system is 510(k) cleared for the non-surgical removal of emboli and thrombi from blood vessels, and the injection, infusion, and/or aspiration of contrast media and other fluids into or from a blood vessel, and is intended for use in the peripheral vasculature but not intended for use in DVT treatment. We began commercializing the InThrill system in late 2022. Each component is packaged separately and sold individually.
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InThrill Catheter and Sheath
LimFlow
The LimFlow system received premarket approval (PMA) from the FDA in September 2023 and is the first and only FDA-approved device for TADV. The LimFlow system is indicated for patients who have CLTI with no suitable endovascular or surgical revascularization options and are at risk of major amputation. The LimFlow system is not intended for use in patients with DVT in the target vein or in patients with uncorrected bleeding disorders or who cannot receive anticoagulation or antiplatelet aggregation therapy. LimFlow launched its system commercially in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2023. The LimFlow system consists of the following six components, which are depicted below and all of which are included in the price of the system: three stent grafts, one arterial catheter (ARC), one venous catheter (V-Ceiver) and one valvulotome (Vector):
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LimFlow Crossing Stents
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LimFlow Extension Covered Stent
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LimFlow ARC and V-CeiverLimFlow Vector (Valvulotome)
Three of the components of the LimFlow system - ARC, V-Ceiver, and Vector - are each independently 510(k) cleared. The LimFlow ARC is a single-use device designed to facilitate placement and positioning of guide wires within the peripheral vasculature. The LimFlow ARC is intended to facilitate placement and positioning of guidewires and catheters within the peripheral vasculature. The LimFlow ARC is not intended for use in the coronary or cerebral vasculature. The LimFlow V-Ceiver consists of an intravascular catheter which incorporates a nitinol basket at its distal tip. The LimFlow V-Ceiver™ is intended for use in the cardiovascular system to manipulate and retrieve guidewires. The LimFlow Vector is a single-use medical device designed to cut venous valves during vascular in-situ bypass procedures. The LimFlow Vector is intended for the treatment of vascular disorders and more particularly for existing or disrupting venous valves.
Our Business Foundation
Our ethos is to put patients first, make no small plans, and take care of each other. We have established a four pronged foundation for our business:
Education and Training – we develop specialized content for both internal and external users, including providing robust sales team training and external training through our Clot Warrior Academy;
Clinical Research – we believe we are the market leader for building clinical evidence with a mission of changing the standard of care;
Solutions Development – we have an industry-leading pipeline of enhanced and new solutions, with the ability to rapidly iterate; and
Program Development – we have a team dedicated to program building, including our VTE Excellence platform.
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Education and Training
We have an established and experienced team of medical education professionals, who lead the training program and content development for our internal and external users. Because our sales representatives attend many of the procedures where our devices are used, we have a robust sales training program to ensure they are able to support our customers and to keep them up to speed on clinical and device-related updates real-time.
In addition, this team develops and leads regular national, regional, and local training and educational programs for both interventional and non-interventional physicians, nursing staff and other personnel involved in our procedures at a hospital. Our medical affairs team, led by Thomas Tu, M.D., our Chief Medical Officer and an interventional cardiologist by training, consists of three full-time physicians (two interventional cardiologists, including Dr. Tu, and one pulmonologist with expertise in PE). With our team of experts, we have greatly expanded our Clot Warrior Academy since its launch in 2020 to provide regular and interactive training dozens of times per year. We host other events designed to help physicians who are familiar with our solutions and procedures to learn additional and enhanced techniques.
Clinical Research
Since our inception, we have focused on generating clinical data to build evidence to change the standard of care for the treatment of VTE and other diseases. Following completion of U.S. enrollment in our FLASH study for the FlowTriever system in PE patients (the largest prospective PE device study with up to 1,000 patients), we reported the results during a late-breaking clinical trial session at the TCT (Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics) conference in September 2022. We also completed enrollment in our FLAME study which is the largest prospective high-risk PE device study with over 100 patients and in March 2023, we reported the results during a late-breaking clinical and investigative horizons session at the 2023 American College of Cardiology conference. In 2023, we continued enrollment in our randomized control trial (RCT) – PEERLESS, a prospective, multicenter trial. We completed enrollment in February 2024 with 550 randomized patients enrolled at up to 60 centers. PEERLESS will compare the clinical outcomes of patients with intermediate risk PE treated with FlowTriever to those treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis. In November 2023, we enrolled the first patient in PEERLESS II, a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolling up to 1,200 patients at up to 100 centers that will compare the outcomes of patients with intermediate-risk PE treated with FlowTriever plus anticoagulation to those treated with traditional anticoagulation therapy alone.
With respect to DVT, we completed enrollment in our CLOUT study for the ClotTriever system in DVT patients, which is the largest prospective DVT thrombectomy study of 500 patients, and PE.

Our ClotTrieverreported the results in October 2022 in late-breaking clinical trial sessions at the VEINS conference. We also announced the first industry-sponsored RCT for DVT - DEFIANCE, studying ClotTriever’s performance in patients with moderate to severe iliofemoral DVT as compared to conservative medical management alone, and FlowTrieverenrolling up to 300 patients at up to 60 sites. We enrolled our first patient in this study in January 2023.

With respect to CLTI, multiple prospective studies have received 510(k) clearance frombeen completed or are still ongoing. PROMISE I study was a prospective early feasibility study of the FDA. The primary clinicalLimFlow system for transcatheter arterialization of deep vein (TADV), enrolling 32 patients at 7 centers. PROMISE II was a prospective, multicenter pivotal study enrolled 105 patients at 20 centers, with the 12-month results published in the New England Journal of Medicine in March 2023. Patient follow-up is ongoing. PROMISE II was a prospective, single-group multi-center study to evaluate the effect of TADV patients with nonhealing ulcers and no surgical or endovascular revascularization treatment options. PROMISE III is a post-market study of the LimFlow System, enrolling up to 100 patients.
In addition to our RCTs and large prospective studies, we have completed to date regardinga number of investigator-initiated and sponsored studies underway as well as multiple publications annually on the safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of our productsdevices.

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Solutions Development
We are committed to improving lives in extraordinary ways by creating innovative solutions for both unmet and underserved health needs and we are dedicated to the treatment of venous and other diseases. We believe our ability to develop innovative solutions is attributable to our FlowTriever Pulmonary Embolectomy Clinical Study, or FLARE study, which was completedfocus on the specific anatomical system, the design philosophy and development process that we have implemented, our efforts to leverage and expand our clinical evidence, and the insights that we have gained from our work in October 2017. The FLARE study supported FDA 510(k) clearancedeveloping our solutions to date. Our engineering team has broad mechanical and biomedical engineering, project management, materials science, design and prototyping expertise.
Our research and development effort is informed by near real-time field-based input from our sales organization, physicians and the direct field experience of our engineers. Our development efforts are focused on developing and providing the best treatment for patients and we center our efforts on feedback from our customers, who are at the front lines of treating patients with VTE, CLTI and other complex diseases. This process has allowed us to rapidly innovate and enhance our solutions, and we continue to develop new and enhanced solutions for our portfolio.
We are currently focused on three key goals as we develop additional and next generation solutions for commercialization. First, we seek to continue to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency and ease of use of our current solutions. Second, we plan to expand the application of our thrombectomy technology to areas of the FlowTrieverbody that are not addressed by our existing solutions. Third, we are developing and refining solutions beyond thrombectomy to address other unmet and underserved needs.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our research and development expenses, which includes clinical research expenses, were $87.5 million, $74.2 million and $51.0 million, respectively.
Program Development
We believe that the standard of care for the treatment of PE, which was received in May 2018.VTE and other diseases will evolve similar to that of other thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, to anticoagulants together with catheter-based interventions. We believe our purpose-built solutions are further driving this evolution of treatment and we are committed to continuingchanging the standard of care for VTE and other diseases. In this regard, we have a team who develops innovative ideas for educating facilities and administrators on the benefits of having a dedicated VTE response team, institutional guidelines for treatment of VTE, and a comprehensive quality review of their respective VTE programs. The efforts we make to develop a strong base ofimprove VTE treatment awareness and procedural excellence overlap with our continued push for more robust clinical evidence and real-world patient outcomescollaboration with, and input from key stakeholders, including physicians that treat VTE and non-interventional stakeholders who are instrumental in making referrals or establishing treatment protocols within medical facilities.
With the acquisition of LimFlow, we believe we can apply a similar model of program development to further support the safetyimprove CLTI treatment awareness and effectiveness of our products. We are currently enrolling two 500-patient registries: ClotTriever Outcomes, or CLOUT, for DVTprocedural excellence.
Sales and FlowTriever All-Comer Registry for Patient Safety and Hemodynamics, or FLASH, for PE. In addition, we are initiating the FlowTriever for Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism, or FLAME, registry for high-risk PE in 2021 and there are multiple ongoing investigator-initiated studies. We believe these efforts will generate a robust cadence of publications, drive adoption of our products, increase awareness of venous diseases and inform the design of future definitive clinical trials.

Marketing

We believe our venous-focusedmission-focused and highly-trained commercial organization provides a significant competitive advantage. Our most important relationships are between our sales representatives and our treating physicians, which include interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons. We recruit sales representatives who have substantial and applicable medical device or other relevant sales experience. Our front-line sales representatives typically attend procedures, which puts us at the intersection of the patient and physician. We have developed systems and processes to harness the information gained from these relationships and we leverage this information to rapidly iterate products,solutions, introduce and execute physician education and training programs and scale our sales organization. We market and sell our productssolutions to hospitals, which are reimbursed by various third-party payors.

We have dedicated meaningful resources to building a direct sales force in the United States, with our sales force covering 120over 300 territories as of December 31, 2020.2023. We continue to actively expand our sales organization through additional sales representatives and territories.

We have experienced significant growth since we began commercializing our products in the United States. We generated revenue

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Table of $139.7 million, with a gross margin of 90.6% and net income of $13.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to revenue of $51.1 million, with a gross margin of 88.4% and net losses of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our accumulated deficit was $27.4 million as of December 31, 2020.

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Our Success Factors

We believe the continued growth of our company will be driven by the following success factors:

Proprietary devices designed to safely and effectively remove large volumes of clot from large vessels while eliminating the need for thrombolytic drugs. Our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products are minimally-invasive devices designed to remove large volumes of clot from the venous system, without the use of thrombolytic drugs. They work simply, safely and effectively, and facilitate short, single-session treatments for both DVT and PE. Historically, patients suffering from DVT and PE were primarily treated with anticoagulants, which are drugs designed to prevent further blood clotting butthat do not break down or eliminate existing clots. Other drug-based alternatives, including catheter-directed thrombolysis, are also used with limited effectiveness and, in some cases, with major bleeding. We believe our purpose-built venous thrombectomy products offer significant treatment benefits and have thepotential to becomethestandard of careforDVTandPE.

Large market opportunity for patients with unmet needs. In the United States, we estimate there are approximately 242,000 DVT patients and 200,000 PE patients each year that could benefit from treatment with our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products, respectively. We estimate that 68% of these target DVT patients and 90% of these target PE patients are treated with conservative medical management involving anticoagulants alone, which do not break down or eliminate existing clot. As a result, we believe there is a significant unmet need for safe and effective treatment and removal of existing clot in patients with these diseases. In addition, we believe there are approximately 20,000 patients with clot in transit in the right atrium who could benefit from treatment with FlowTriever products. We believe the historical bias for conservative medical management is largely due to the ineffectiveness of, and risks associated with, current alternative treatments, and the lack of mechanical tools capable of removing venous clot in a safe, effective and simple way. The standard of care for treatment of other thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, has evolved from the use of anticoagulants alone to anticoagulants together with thrombolytic drugs and eventually to anticoagulants together with definitive catheter-based interventions. We believe that our products could be the catalyst to drive the same evolution of treatment for venous diseases. We estimate the potential annual total addressable market for our products in the United States is approximately $3.8 billion and that there is also a significant opportunity for our products outside the United States.

Rapidly scaling commercial organization leveraging unique insights. Our most important relationships are between our sales representatives and physicians. Our front-line sales representatives typically attend procedures, which puts us at the intersection of the patient, product and physician. We have developed systems and processes to harness the information gained from these interactions and we leverage this information to rapidly iterate products, introduce and execute physician education and training programs and scale our sales organization. We are rapidly expanding our network of sales representatives and, as of December 31, 2020, we had 120 sales territories.

Simple, intuitive and easy to use products with minimal training required. Our products are minimally invasive, easy to use, single-use devices that do not require capital equipment or the use of thrombolytic drugs. We designed and developed our products to enable a short learning curve and consistent ease of use. Our products are designed to utilize standard endovascular skills possessed by our treating physicians, interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons, each of which

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can readily learn the required additional techniques for use of our products. We believe this simplicity and ease of use will continue to help drive adoption of ourproducts.

Compelling hospital economics and improved hospital and physician efficiency. We believe our products can reduce the cost of treating DVT and PE. We designed our products to eliminate the need for expensive thrombolytic drugs. These drugs require a costly ICU stay and carry a significant risk of major bleeding. Our products facilitate short, single-session treatments and we believe have the potential to reduce the total length of hospital stay and improve hospital economics. In addition, our products can drive hospital and physician efficiency. We believe these economic benefits support the approval of our products by hospital value analysis committees, group purchasing organizations and integrated delivery networks, which reduces a key barrier to adoption by our physician customers.

Unique culture of focus on patient care, driving value creation. We believe that VTE patients have been poorly understood, under treated and mostly ignored by industry participants. Our key purpose is to serve and improve the quality of life of these patients, our patients. We believe that the clot itself matters and that removing it can have a profound impact on the lives of our patients over the short and long term. We believe it is our responsibility to ensure as many of our patients as possible are treated safely, effectively and simply. We have implemented hiring and recruiting systems to carefully select professionals who share our beliefs and goals. We believe that extraordinary outcomes are possible when a group of people commit, together, to ideas and purposes bigger than themselves and bigger than business. We pursue our key purpose with a team of people who commit themselves to a cause and to each other.

Our Growth Strategy

Our mission is to treat and transform the lives of patients suffering from venous diseases. To accomplish this, we intend to establish our products as the standard of care for the treatment of venous diseases. The key elements of our growth strategy are:

Continuing to expand our U.S. sales force. We currently sell our productssolutions to over 800 of the approximately 1,500 hospitals in the United States with a catheterization laboratory, or cath lab, where interventional procedures can be performed. VTE patients present to, and can be treated at, any of these hospitals, whereas some other diseases, such as stroke, require referrals to tertiary care facilities for advanced treatment. We plan to continue to grow our sales organization in order to target and expand our network of hospital and physician customers, and believe there is a significant opportunity to grow our business through this continued expansion of our commercial footprint.

Drivingincreased awareness and adoption of our products in existing and future hospital customers. As we expand our network of hospital customers, we intend to increase awareness within these hospitals in order to drive greater adoption of our products as the preferred first-line solution for the treatment of venous diseases. To accomplish this, we conduct regular national, regional and local training and educational programs for both interventional and non-interventional physicians. In addition, we are leveraging our expanding sales organization to increase the awareness of our products with our treating physicians, referring physicians and other stakeholders at the account level. Our goal is to increasingly drive towards small sales territories that allow for deeper engagement within existing hospital customers. This strategy enables our sales representatives to have regular and targeted communications to convey the benefits of our products to non-interventional physicians, such as emergency department physicians and pulmonologists. These physicians often play an important role in helping to determine patient care. We also train our sales representatives to communicate the clinical and economics of our products with hospital administrators. We believe this comprehensive approach is key to continuing to drive increased adoption of our products within existing and new hospital customers.

Building upon our base of clinical evidence. We are committed to continuing to build upon our base of clinical evidence, which we believe will help drive increased awareness and adoption of our products. The primary clinical study we have completed to date is our FLARE study, which established the safety and effectiveness of the FlowTriever for the treatment of PE without the use of thrombolytic drugs. We are currently enrolling two 500-patient registries, CLOUT for DVT and FLASH for PE, and we expect to initiate the FLAME registry for high-risk PE in 2021. In addition, there are multiple ongoing

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investigator-initiated studies. We believe these studies will generate a robust cadence of publications, drive further adoption of our products, increase awareness of venous diseases and inform the design of future definitive clinicaltrials.

Continuing to expand our portfolio of venous products. We are currently focused on three key goals as we develop additional and next generation venous products for commercialization. First, we seek to continue to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency and ease of use of our current products. Second, we plan to expand the application of our thrombectomy technology to areas of the body that are not addressed by our existing products. Third, we are developing solutions beyond thrombectomy to address other unmet needs.

Pursuing strategically adjacent markets and international opportunities. We believe there is an opportunity to leverage our commercial footprint to expand beyond venous into adjacent vascular markets. In addition, venous diseases are prevalent worldwide, and we believe there is a significant opportunity for our products outside the United States. We are currently working to commercialize our solutions internationally and have received updated CE Marks for both ClotTriever and FlowTriever in Europe.

Market Overview

Our Market

Industry sources estimate that approximately 668,000 patients in the United States are diagnosed with DVT each year. Of these, approximately 242,000 patients, or 38%, have DVT located in the iliofemoral region and are candidates for treatment using our ClotTriever product. We believe the ClotTriever offers an innovative solution for these 242,000 patients that is safe and more effective than current treatment alternatives, and that this represents an approximately $1.6 billion per year U.S. market opportunity for DVT. In addition, among the 668,000 DVT patients, we believe there are approximately 20,000 patients with clot in transit in the right atrium who could benefit from treatment with FlowTriever products.

Industry sources estimate that approximately 400,000 patients in the United States are diagnosed with PE each year. Of these, approximately 200,000 patients, or 50%, have PE that is severe enough to cause right heart strain. We believe the FlowTriever offers an innovative solution for these 200,000 patients that is safe and more effective than current treatment alternatives, and that this represents an approximately $2.0 billion per year U.S. market opportunity for PE.

Collectively, the potential annual addressable U.S. market for our current products is approximately $3.8 billion. We also believe there is a substantial market opportunity for DVT and PE outside the United States.

Venous and Arterial Systems and Clot Morphology

The vascular system is made up of vessels that carry and circulate blood throughout the body. The system consists of the arterial system, a network of vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and the venous system, a network of vessels that return blood from the body back to the heart. The arterial system is characterized by high velocity blood flow under high pressure. As blood moves through arteries to the body, arteries gradually taper in the direction of blood flow and branch off into smaller vessels, terminating in capillaries. Venous blood flow travels at a lower velocity and under lower pressure than arterial blood flow. Veins carry blood back to the heart and, as a result, enlarge in the direction of blood flow. Due to these important differences, the clinical presentation and clot morphology of venous diseases differ significantly from arterial diseases. As a result, VTE presents a specific set of challenges and corresponding requirements for effective treatment solutions.

Due to the characteristics of the arterial system, clot that forms in arteries quickly becomes occlusive, which causes sudden and dramatic symptoms that require the patient to quickly seek medical attention. Examples of conditions caused by arterial clot include myocardial infarction, or MI, and stroke. As these clots are discovered quickly and in smaller vessels, they are small, soft, fibrin-rich and are usually not adhered to the wall of the artery. For example, arterial clot that causes MI or stroke is generally about the size of a grain of rice.

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Due to the characteristics of the venous system, the volume of venous clot gradually increases and adheres to the vessel wall, growing inwards towards the center of the vessel (thicker) and along the vessel wall (longer), further restricting blood flow through the affected vein. Venous clot can develop over days or weeks before causing symptoms severe enough to prompt the patient to seek medical attention. During this time, as venous clot ages, its fibrin composition is rapidly replaced by a firmer collagen matrix. For example, according to a published study, the collagen content of a clot can reach 20% within one week and 80% within three weeks. The body’s natural mechanisms for breaking down and removing clot targets fibrin. Therefore, as a clot ages it generally becomes more resistant to the body’s natural ability to break down and eliminate it. As a result, by the time patients seek medical attention, their venous clot has likely become resistant to the natural mechanisms for treatment and quite significant in size.

The following images depict examples of arterial and venous clots:

Venous Thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism, or VTE, is a disease caused by blood clot formation in the venous system. VTE has two distinct manifestations – deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, and pulmonary embolism, or PE. VTE is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and represents the third most common vascular diagnosis in the United States after myocardial infarction and stroke. According to industry sources, PE is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in the United States and is the most common cause of preventable deaths in hospitals in the United States. Researchers estimate that there are up to approximately one million VTE patients in the United States each year. VTE results in approximately 296,000 deaths in the United States each year and industry sources estimate that VTE-related direct health care costs exceed $10 billion per year.

Deep Vein Thrombosis

DVT occurs when clot forms in the deep veins of the extremities of the body, such as the legs. While DVT can occur in any deep vein, it commonly occurs in the iliac, femoral and popliteal veins, which are located in the pelvis, thigh and knee, respectively.

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The image below depicts the location of DVT in the patient’s body:

A variety of factors can contribute to the development of clots that can cause DVT including: compression on the vein, surgery, trauma or bone fracture, long periods of bed rest, reduced blood flow from immobility, cancer, pregnancy, birth control pills and varicose veins. In addition, certain people are genetically predisposed for increased clotting. Typical symptoms of DVT include:

swelling in the foot, ankle or leg, usually on one side;

cramping pain in the affected leg, usually beginning in the calf;

unexplained pain in the foot or ankle;

warm skin; and

discoloration of the skin, usually bluish or reddish.

Upon presentation, DVT can be readily diagnosed via a standard ultrasound imaging assessment that is usually performed in the emergency room.

Symptoms can persist and worsen over time if left untreated. In addition, the location of the DVT can have a significant impact on prognosis and the ability to treat the affected vein. For example, iliofemoral DVT is typically the most dangerous and has large clot volume, poor long-term prognosis and a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Approximately 50% of patients suffering from DVT will develop post-thrombotic syndrome, or PTS, which is caused by chronic scarring and occlusion of vessels. PTS is a severe, lifestyle-limiting disease that is characterized by chronic pain, swelling and skin ulcers. Approximately 90% of patients with PTS are unable to work 10 years after diagnosis.

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Pulmonary Embolism

PE occurs when a venous clot embolizes or becomes mobile, travels through the heart and gets lodged in the pulmonary arteries of the lungs. Venous clot that causes PE originates as DVT.

The image below depicts the location of PE in the patient’s body:

A blood clot in the pulmonary arteries increases pressure in these vessels, which causes an increase in the workload of the heart. This initiates a cascade of events, leading to trouble breathing, chest pain, coughing blood, rapid heartbeat and passing out. Upon presentation, PE can be readily diagnosed via a computerized tomography, or CT, scan of the chest.

The most serious complication associated with PE is death, usually due to cardiovascular collapse from sudden failure of the heart, specifically the right ventricle. As many as 50% of patients who survive have long-term residual pulmonary vascular obstruction due to the body’s inability to break down and eliminate the clot. These patients may experience significant impaired function of the heart and lungs, shortness of breath, reduced exercise capacity and lifestyle limitations. In addition, these patients have a statistically higher rate of recurrent PE, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure and death.

PE is often characterized and stratified based on risk to the patient. High risk, or massive, PE is characterized by right heart strain and low systemic blood pressure, and has a mortality rate of up to 50%. Intermediate risk, or submassive, PE is characterized by right heart strain with normal systemic blood pressure, and has a mortality rate of 12-15%. Low risk, or minor PE, has minimal risk of mortality. Approximately 5%, 45% and 50% of PE patients are categorized as high risk, intermediate risk and low risk, respectively.

Current Treatment Alternatives and Their Limitations

There are several treatment options for DVT and PE patients, ranging from conservative medical management to advanced catheter-based interventions. We estimate that 68% of our target DVT patients and 90% of our target PE patients are treated with anticoagulants alone. We estimate that the remaining 32% of our target DVT patients and 10% of our target PE patients also receive additional treatment beyond anticoagulation. These treatments

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include mechanical thrombectomy, thrombolytic drugs and surgery. There is no consistent approach for determining whether a given patient receives anticoagulants alone or in conjunction with additional treatments. Due in part to the limitations and potential dangers of these additional treatments, most patients are treated with anticoagulation alone.

Anticoagulant Drugs

Conservative medical management with anticoagulant drugs is, and for several decades has been, the primary treatment for DVT and PE. Nearly all patients receive this treatment, many of whom remain on anticoagulants for the remainder of their lives. Anticoagulants do not break down or eliminate existing blood clots. Instead, anticoagulants are intended to stop the formation of additional blood clots and limit the growth of existing blood clots while the body attempts to break down and remove clots using natural mechanisms.

Anticoagulation is often initiated intravenously on an inpatient basis and patients generally remain in the hospital for several days for monitoring while on these drugs. Once stabilized, the patient is transitioned to oral therapy with either Coumadin or a direct-acting oral anticoagulant, such as Eliquis or Xarelto, and is then discharged from the hospital. Patients can remain on these drugs for months or years, and some patients will remain on these drugs for the remainder of their lives.

Mechanical Thrombectomy

Mechanical thrombectomy is an interventional procedure in which a catheter is used to remove clot from vessels in the body, typically by aspiration. There are dozens of catheters available for this type of procedure, although these devices were almost all originally designed for use in the arterial system, which involves the removal of soft, small clots from small vessels.

Some mechanical thrombectomy devices use a hybrid approach that combines aspiration-based mechanical thrombectomy and localized delivery of thrombolytic drugs.

We believe there are a number drawbacks and limitations to existing mechanical thrombectomy treatment options and that existing options do not adequately treat VTE for several reasons, including:

Limited ability to remove large, older clots. Due to the characteristics of the venous system and venous clot morphology, by the time VTE is diagnosed, the underlying clot can be significant in size and hardened. Most current mechanical thrombectomy devices are designed to aspirate fresher arterial clot, which is small and soft. As a result, these devices can be inadequate and ineffective for removing the larger, older clots associated with VTE.

Limited ability to remove clot from the vessel wall. Unlike arterial clots, venous clots attach to the vessel wall. Most current mechanical thrombectomy products are aspiration-based systems. Aspiration alone does not always liberate venous clot from the vessel wall. As a result, while some clot can be removed by aspiration, significant residual clot can remain in the vein following aspiration.

Increased safety risks. Rheolytic-based aspiration systems create a risk of damage to red blood cells due to the high shear forces involved with the therapy. These damaged cells can in turn cause a slow heart rate, low blood pressure and kidney dysfunction. For example, one rheolytic system has an FDA black box warning for the treatment of PE. For DVT, the duration of treatment with rheolytic systems is frequently limited to reduce the risk of acute kidney injury.

Multi-stage treatment with multiple procedures. Mechanical thrombectomy procedures are often performed as one part of a multi-stage treatment for DVT that is combined with thrombolytic drug therapy. Multi-stage treatment increases cost and decreases efficiency for the hospital, increases risk and inconvenience for the patient, and typically requires ICU stays and monitoring periods.

Thrombolytic Drugs and Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis

Thrombolytic drugs accelerate the body’s natural mechanisms for clearing clot by catalyzing the enzyme that breaks down the fibrin composition of clot. These drugs have demonstrated efficacy in breaking down newly-

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formed, fibrin-rich clot. However, thrombolytic drugs are generally not effective on older clot in which clot composition has changed from a fibrin matrix to a firmer collagen matrix.

Treatment with thrombolytic drugs is associated with a risk of spontaneous major bleeding, including catastrophic bleeding in the brain. To address some of this risk, catheter-directed thrombolysis was developed to deliver a smaller dose of thrombolytic drug directly to the site of the clot. The catheter-directed procedure involves placing a small catheter into a vein, usually at the knee or groin, and through the clot. Thrombolytic drugs are then infused through the catheter into the clot for several hours to several days. Thrombolytic drugs are always delivered in a critical care setting, such as the ICU, due to the significant bleeding risk.

We believe that thrombolytic drug therapy does not adequately treat VTE for several reasons, including:

Limited effectiveness in breaking down venous clot. We believe that thrombolytic drugs do not have a significant impact on venous clot. Due to the characteristics of the venous system and venous clot morphology, by the time thrombolytic drugs are administered, the composition of the underlying clot will often have changed from a fibrin matrix to a firmer collagen matrix. This transition in clot morphology generally begins early and progresses quickly. Thrombolytic drugs are generally not effective on this type of older clot, which means that all or a portion of the underlying clot can remain following treatment with thrombolytic drugs.

Substantial risks of severe bleeding and contraindications. The overall rate of major bleeding with thrombolytic drugs is over 20%, including a 2-3% risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Lower dose catheter-directed thrombolysis can help to reduce this risk, however, major bleeding has been observed in up to 10% of patients who received catheter-based thrombolysis in studies in which patients were carefully selected for treatment. Thrombolytic drugs are contraindicated in up to 50% of VTE patients, including, among others, patients who are elderly, have had a recent surgery or stroke or that have active bleeds, which further limits their utility as a treatment option.

Expensive, resource intensive and time consuming treatment. Treatment with thrombolytic drugs requires intensive monitoring of the patient in a critical care setting, such as the ICU. Further, catheter-directed thrombolysis can require ongoing treatment for several hours to several days as thrombolytic drugs are infused into the clot, the entirety of which is monitored in the ICU. This is inconvenient and uncomfortable for the patient, time consuming for the provider and expensive for the payor. In addition, ICU beds are in limited supply and high demand at many hospitals, so treatment with thrombolytic drugs can have important implications for hospitals, physicians and other critically ill patients.

Other Treatment Options

Other treatment options for DVT include stenting and intravascular filters to catch clot in the event that it embolizes. In addition, open surgical embolectomy is used in a very limited number of critical patients. Open surgical embolectomy is an invasive open chest surgery in which blood flow is stopped and a ventilator is used while surgeons physically remove clot from the patient. According to a published study, fewer than 250 open surgical embolectomy procedures are performed in the United States each year.

Our Solution

We believe that the venous system represents the newest frontier for effective catheter-based mechanical treatments. The treatment of other thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, has evolved from the use of anticoagulants to thrombolytic drugs and eventually to definitive catheter-based interventions. We believe this evolution has contributed to improved treatment outcomes and decreased mortality rates for these diseases. We believe this evolution of treatment to definitive catheter-based intervention has not yet occurred for VTE because existing devices do not safely and effectively remove venous clot. For example, while the number of annual PE diagnoses has generally increased over time, we believe existing treatment options have not had a meaningful impact on mortality rates. We believe our purpose-built ClotTriever and FlowTriever products offer significant clinical benefits and address the safety and effectiveness limitations of thrombolytic drugs and repurposed arterial devices for the treatment of VTE. We believe our products could be the catalyst to drive the evolution of treatment for VTE and have the potential to become the standard of care for treatment of VTE patients.

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Key Benefits of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever Products

We believe the ClotTriever and FlowTriever are transformational devices that address the specific characteristics and requirements of the venous system and venous clot morphology and offer hospitals, physicians and patients the following key benefits:

Capture and remove large clot burden from large vessels. Our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products are mechanical thrombectomy devices specifically designed for the clinical and technical challenges of DVT and PE, respectively. As such, both systems are capable of capturing and removing the significant clot volumes associated with VTE from large vessels. The images below depict examples of results and clot volume removed from procedures using our products:

Liberate mechanically and remove venous clot from the vessel wall. As venous clot ages and its composition changes from a fibrin matrix to a firmer collagen matrix, the body begins to absorb the clot into the vessel wall and the clot becomes adhered, making it more difficult to remove. We have designed our products to address this challenge by incorporating unique components that enable them to mechanically engage and liberate the clot from the vessel wall and remove it from the body.

Eliminate the need for thrombolytic drugs. Our products have been designed to remove large clot volumes from large vessels without the need for thrombolytic drugs. Treatment without thrombolytic drugs is beneficial for several important reasons. First, many patients who are contraindicated for use of thrombolytic drugs can potentially be treated with our products. Second, avoiding thrombolytic drugs

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eliminates the significant risk of bleeding associated with these drugs. Third, thrombolytic drugs are usually administered by continuous infusion for several hours or days while the patient is monitored in the ICU, which is expensive. Patients treated using our products often avoid the ICU entirely.

Remove clot safely with minimal blood loss. Our products have been used to treat more than 20,000 patients and have demonstrated an excellent safety profile. Our mechanical approach to clot removal helps to minimize bleeding complications associated with other treatment options.

Offersimple,intuitiveandeasytousesolutionstophysicians. We designedanddevelopedourproducts to enable a short learning curve and consistent ease of use. Our products are designed to utilize standard endovascular skills possessed by our treating physicians,interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons, each of which can readily learn the required additional techniques for use of our products. In addition, our products employ mechanical and aspirationmechanisms of actionthatarealreadyfamiliar to theoperatingphysician.

Enable short, single-session treatment with improved hospital and physician efficiency. Our products are intended to facilitate short, single-session treatments, with the potential to reduce the length of ICU stay and total length of hospital stay. Both of our products are designed for multiple passes during the procedure to maximize clot removal. We estimate the average device usage time for treatment with the ClotTriever is between 30 and 45 minutes and the average procedure time for treatment with the FlowTriever is between 75 and 90 minutes. We believe these short, single-session treatments result in less discomfort and more convenience for the patient, lower costs for the hospital and more efficient workflow for both the hospital and the physician.

Require no capital investment. Both of our products are fully self-contained systems and do not require additional capital equipment to perform the procedure. This eliminates an important barrier to hospital adoption and makes the procedure simpler for the physicians and staff.

ClotTriever

The ClotTriever is a mechanical thrombectomy system designed to core, capture and remove large clots from large vessels and is used to treat DVT. The ClotTriever is a single-use, sterile system that is deployed over a wire and does not require capital equipment. The ClotTriever is 510-(k) cleared by the FDA and CE Mark approved for the treatment of DVT.

The ClotTriever system consists of two components:

ClotTriever sheath – The ClotTriever sheath is a 15 cm sheath that features a self-expanding nitinol mesh funnel at its tip designed to maximize clot removal. The sheath is available in two sizes: 13 and 16 French. In addition, the sheath features a stopcock for aspiration and a hemostatic valve for catheter insertion. It is packaged with a custom designed large bore 60 cc syringe that fits the sheath’s wide flush/aspiration port to help facilitate effective aspiration.

ClotTriever catheter – The ClotTriever catheter is designed to core and collect clot from the vessel wall for extraction through the ClotTriever sheath. The ClotTriever catheter is a catheter features an expandable nitinol coring element at its leading edge. A braided nitinol clot collection bag is attached behind the coring element and is designed to collect clot and provide embolic protection. The catheter has a working length of 80 cm and can accommodate vessels between 6-16 mm in diameter. The catheter handle has a mechanism that is used to apply tension to the coring element.

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The image below depicts the components of the ClotTriever system:

Procedure

A ClotTriever procedure is performed in a cath lab, interventional suite or operating room. The patient is typically placed on his or her stomach on the procedure table. Using standard endovascular techniques, the procedure begins with a needle puncture in the back of the leg to gain access to the vein. A guidewire is inserted and advanced through the clot and is positioned beyond the clot. The ClotTriever sheath is then advanced over the guidewire and positioned in the vein in the back of the leg. Once in position, the self-expanding nitinol mesh funnel is deployed from the tip of the sheath. The funnel expands to the wall of the vein and helps to ensure efficient capture and removal of the clot. Next, the ClotTriever catheter is advanced over the guidewire and through the sheath. The catheter is advanced over the guidewire through the clot and is positioned beyond the clot for deployment.

The catheter is then unsheathed to expose the self-expanding nitinol coring element and collection bag. Using the catheter’s handle mechanism, tension is then applied to the coring element, which expands to the wall of the vein. The catheter is then slowly retracted back towards the sheath, coring and liberating the clot from the vessel wall and capturing it within the collection bag, which provides embolic protection throughout the duration of the retraction. Clot removal is entirely mechanical, which minimizes blood loss and does not require the use of thrombolytic drugs or a stay in the ICU. The catheter is slowly retracted back through the diseased vessel until the

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coring element of the catheter connects with the funnel of the sheath. Using the same handlemechanism, tension is then removed from the coring element and the catheter is withdrawn through the sheath. As the catheter enters the sheath, the clot is safely collapsed and elongated inside the collection bag. After the catheter has been fully removed from the body, any remaining clot particles in the sheath can be removed using aspiration.

Once removed from the body, we have developed techniques that enable the efficient removal of clot from the catheter, which can then be reinserted for additional passes to remove more clot. There is an average of four passes per case. Upon completion of the treatment, the sheath is removed from the patient and the physician completes standard closure of the access site. We estimate the current average device usage time for the treatment with the ClotTriever to be between 30 and 45 minutes and that the ClotTriever removes an average of 80-90% of the target clot.

Pricing

The vast majority of ClotTriever procedures use a single ClotTriever catheter and single ClotTriever sheath. Each component is priced and packaged separately.

FlowTriever

The FlowTriever is a large bore catheter-based aspiration and mechanical thrombectomy system designed to remove large clots from large vessels to treat PE. The FlowTriever is a single-use, sterile system that is deployed over a wire and does not require capital equipment. The FlowTriever is 510(k)-cleared by the FDA for the treatment of PE and for clot in transit in the right atrium, and CE Mark approved for the treatment of PE.

The FlowTriever consists of two main components:

Triever aspiration catheters – Triever aspiration catheters are highly trackable, large lumen catheters that provide a conduit for aspiration and clot removal. Triever aspiration catheters are available in three sizes, 16, 20 and 24 French. Our larger lumen Triever aspiration catheters can generate a higher rate of aspirational blood flow than small lumen catheters, as the wider catheter can carry more blood volume, at a lower resistance, than a narrower tube. Each Triever aspiration catheter is a single lumen catheter featuring a stopcock with a port designed for flush or aspiration, and a proximal hemostasis valve for catheter insertion, if needed. The Triever aspiration catheters are packaged with a custom designed large bore 60 cc syringe that fits the sheath’s wide flush/ aspiration port to facilitate effective aspiration and limit blood loss.

FlowTriever catheter – FlowTriever catheters are designed to engage, liberate and deliver the clot to the Triever aspiration catheter for extraction. FlowTriever catheters are delivered to the clot through the Triever aspiration catheter. Each FlowTriever catheter consists of a coaxial shaft and features three self-expanding nitinol mesh disks at its distal end that are designed to maximize clot liberation and removal. These disks are available in four sizes ranging from 6 to 25 millimeters in diameter.

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The image below depicts the components of the FlowTriever system:

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Procedure

A FlowTriever procedure is performed in a cath lab, interventional suite or operating room. The patient is typically placed on his or her back on the procedure table. Using standard endovascular techniques, the procedure begins with a needle puncture in a large vein in either the groin or the neck. A guidewire is inserted and advanced through the venous system, through the right side of the heart, and is passed through the target clot in the pulmonary artery. The large bore Triever aspiration catheter is then advanced over the guidewire to the target clot. Once the Triever aspiration catheter is in position, the stopcock on the back of the system is closed and the large bore 60 cc syringe is attached. The syringe is used to create a strong vacuum. Opening the stopcock releases the vacuum. This vacuum, when delivered through the large bore Triever aspiration catheter, creates a high flow aspiration, which we call the Whoosh, that draws clot into the Triever aspiration catheter. The flow volume is limited by the large bore 60 cc syringe, which helps to minimize blood loss. Multiple passes and aspirations are possible depending on the clot volume and number of vessels to be treated. We estimate the median blood loss from procedures using the FlowTriever to be 280 cc.

If clot remains following aspiration, the FlowTriever catheter may be advanced through the Triever aspiration catheter to just beyond the clot. We estimate that the FlowTriever catheter is used in approximately 50- 60% of cases. Once in position, the FlowTriever catheter is unsheathed to deploy the self-expanding nitinol mesh disks into the clot. The FlowTriever catheter is then slowly pulled back toward the Triever aspiration catheter, disrupting the clot and delivering it to the Triever aspiration catheter. The Triever aspiration catheter can be used for further aspiration if needed.

Upon completion of the treatment, all devices and wires are removed from the patient and the physician completes standard closure of the entry site. We estimate the average device usage time for treatment with a FlowTriever is between 40 and 50 minutes, the average procedure time for treatment with a FlowTriever is between 75 and 90 minutes, and that the FlowTriever removes an average of 75% of the target clot.

Pricing

The use of the FlowTriever system varies significantly based on the specific patient’s diagnosis and disease characteristics. For example, some patients are treated using aspiration alone and, as a result, the relevant procedure uses one or more Triever aspiration catheters but does not require a FlowTriever catheter. Other patients are treated using aspiration in combination with mechanical engagement of the clot, in which case the procedure uses one or more Triever aspiration catheters and one or more FlowTriever catheters. Due to the variability in use across procedures, we price the FlowTriever on a per procedure basis. As a result, a customer is charged the same price for each procedure that uses the FlowTriever system, regardless of what combination of products is used to treat the patient. We believe that this approach provides greater pricing certainty, can help to preserve hospital economics and emphasizes clinical considerations in determining device use for any given procedure. Each component is packaged separately.

FlowTriever for DVT

A portion of patients with DVT present with anatomical complexities and lesion types that require more involved procedures and techniques to treat their disease. In these cases, physicians may elect to use one or more components of our FlowTriever system to treat DVT, with or without the ClotTriever. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we estimate that approximately 12% and 13%, respectively, of our DVT procedures were performed using only our FlowTriever system and approximately 7% and 8%, respectively, of our DVT procedures were performed using our ClotTriever and at least one component of the FlowTriever system. We believe the cross-treatment application of our products reflects the complexity of venous disease, versatility of our product portfolio and the value of a comprehensive venous solution.

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Clinical Data

The primary clinical study we have completed to date is our FlowTriever Pulmonary Embolectomy Clinical Study, or FLARE study, which established the safety and effectiveness of the FlowTriever for the treatment of PE without the use of thrombolytic drugs. We are currently enrolling two 500-patient registries: CLOUT for DVT and FLASH for PE. In addition, we expect to initiate the FLAME registry for high-risk PE in 2021 and there are multiple ongoing investigator-initiated studies.

ClotTriever

The FDA granted 510(k) clearance of the ClotTriever in February 2017 based on a determination that the ClotTriever was substantially equivalent to a legally marketed predicate device and, in September 2020, granted 510-(k) clearance for the treatment of DVT. We were not required by the FDA to conduct clinical studies on the ClotTriever prior to seeking clearance. We are aware of a significant number of case reports, as well as independent research by various hospitals and researchers, that provide clinical evidence supporting the use of the ClotTriever. We are currently enrolling patients in the CLOUT registry to evaluate real-world patient outcomes using the ClotTriever in up to 500 patients.

CLOUT Registry

The CLOUT registry is a prospective, multi-center, single-arm registry designed to evaluate real-world patient outcomes and capture several longer term outcome measures. We plan to enroll up to 500 patients with lower extremity DVT at up to 50 sites across the United States. The registry will enroll all-comer patients, including patients with bilateral DVT and clots of any age, with a primary analytic dataset that will include 91 patients with unilateral DVT of less than six weeks’ duration. We believe data from the registry will generate a robust cadence of publications and, ultimately, will inform the design of future definitive clinical trials with the goal of establishing the ClotTriever as the standard of care for treatment of DVT.

Eligible patients must meet inclusion criteria specified for the registry. Generally, patients must exhibit lower extremity DVT affecting, alone or in combination, the femoral, common femoral, iliac veins or inferior vena cava, or IVC. Notably, there are no exclusions for age of clot. Patients will be excluded if they have received a prior venous stent in the target venous segment, have IVC aplasia or hypoplasia or other congenital anatomic anomalies of the IVC or iliac veins, have an IVC filter in place at the time of treatment, have allergy, hypersensitivity or thrombocytopenia from heparin or iodinated contrast agents that cannot be adequately pre-treated, have a life expectancy of less than one year, have long-term non-ambulatory status, have known hypercoagulability, which is the tendency to have or form clot as a result of inherited or acquired molecular defects, that cannot be medically managed throughout the study period or do not have an available lower extremity venous access site for the procedure.

The primary outcome measures will be evaluated in the primary analytic dataset, which is expected to include 91 patients with unilateral DVT of less than 6 weeks’ duration. The primary safety endpoint is the composite of patients that experience major adverse events, including death, major bleeding, symptomatic PE or rethrombosis of the target venous segment, within 30 days of treatment using the ClotTriever. The primary effectiveness outcome measure is the rate of technical success from the procedure, which is defined as the complete or near complete (75% or greater) removal of clot from the target venous segment. Secondary safety outcomes that are also being reported include minor bleeding, access site complications and device and procedure-related death. Secondary effectiveness outcome measures include recurrent DVT and scores on various clinical symptom tests. In addition, there are follow-up visits for patients at up to two years from the date of treatment.

Interim results from the first 105 patients enrolled in the CLOUT registry study were presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Venous Forum, or AVF, in March 2020. These interim results, as of a January 17, 2020 cutoff date, included baseline and acute procedural outcomes in 105 patients and outcomes from 30-day follow-up in 68 patients. We believe these interim results provide evidence supporting the potential for the ClotTriever to successfully treat a range of clot in patients with DVT in a single session and without the need for thrombolytic drugs. For example, as of the cutoff date, clot was removed from all but one of the patients in a single session and, based on an evaluation conducted as of February 5, 2020, 70% of 59 evaluable patients met the study’s primary

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effectiveness endpoint of complete or near complete (≥75%) removal of clot. Of the 65 patients for which follow-up data was collected regarding post-thrombotic syndrome, or PTS, 39 of the 61 patients that reported PTS at baseline (64%) showed no evidence of PTS at 30 days, and 60 out of all 65 patients evaluated for PTS (92%) showed improvement. No patients experienced severe disease within 30 days of treatment. Patients reported statistically significant improvements in disease severity, pain and quality of life scores within 30 days of treatment, with no device related major adverse events. Three patients (2.9%) had major adverse events within 30 days of treatment. Of these major adverse events, one patient died on day 23 after treatment because of sepsis and kidney failure associated with metastatic lung cancer (which was determined not to be procedure-related); one patient with previously documented extensive bilateral saddle PE prior to ClotTriever thrombectomy had symptomatic PE on day 2 after treatment (which was determined to be possibly procedure-related); and one patient had re-thrombosis on day 21 after treatment with incomplete thrombectomy and a Marder score reduction of 53.3% (which was determined to be procedure-related). No bleeding complications or renal injuries were reported and one wound complication, a hematoma, was reported. We believe these interim results are even more impressive given the complexity of the patient population. For example, over a quarter of the patients enrolled previously received alternative DVT treatment prior to treatment using the ClotTriever. In addition, almost two thirds of the patients enrolled had clots estimated to be more than two weeks old, which we believe represents a patient population that has never been previously studied for purposes of DVT thrombectomy. With the exception of one procedure, all patients were treated in a single session, with no patients receiving thrombolytic therapy, and the median thrombectomy time was 31 minutes.

Below is a summary of the outcomes information presented at the AVF Annual Meeting in March 2020:

Measure

 

Baseline

pre-

treatment

 

 

At 30 days

post-

treatment

 

 

P-value

Villalta score (1)

 

 

11

 

 

 

4

 

 

<0.01

PTS rate (2)

 

 

93.9

%

 

 

35.4

%

 

<0.001

Severe PTS rate (3)

 

 

27.7

%

 

 

0

%

 

N/A

Moderate PTS rate (4)

 

 

29.2

%

 

 

13.8

%

 

N/A

Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (5)

 

 

6

 

 

 

4

 

 

<0.01

EuroQol-5 Dimension Score (6)

 

 

0.70

 

 

 

0.86

 

 

<0.01

Numeric Pain Rating Scale score (7)

 

 

4

 

 

 

0

 

 

<0.01

(1)

Villalta score is a disease score specific for post-thromboticsyndrome, or PTS, that is used to diagnose and categorize the severity of the condition. Points are provided for five symptoms (pain, cramps, heaviness, paresthesia and pruritus) and six clinical signs (pretibial edema, skin induration, hyperpigmentation, redness, venous ectasia and pain on calf compression). Points are based on severity and range from 0 (not present) to 3 (severe). Generally, a score of 5 or greater results in a PTS diagnosis, while a score of 5-9 signifies mild disease, 10-14 signifies moderate disease and 15 or greater, or the presence of an ulcer, signifies severe disease(n=65).

(2)

Percent of patients with PTS(n=65).

(3)

Percent of patients with severe PTS(n=65).

(4)

Percent of patients with moderate PTS(n=65).

(5)

Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score is a disease score that is used to diagnose and categorize the severity of venous disease. Points are provided for a variety of metrics, including pain, varicose veins, venous edema, skin pigmentation, inflammation, induration,active ulcer characteristics and use of compression therapy. Points are based on severity and range from 0 (none) to 3 (severe). A lower score signifies less severe venous disease(n=68).

(6)

EuroQol-5 Dimension is a widely used instrument to evaluate generic quality of life. The instrument is a preference-based measurewith one question for each of the five dimensions that comprise the instrument: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Answers can be converted into an index with scores of 0 signifying death or worst possible health and 1 signifying perfect or best possible health(n=65).

(7)

The Numeric Pain Rating Scale is an unidimensional measure of pain intensity in adults. It is an 11 point scale from 0 (no pain) to10 (most pain imaginable) that is based on patient selection of a value that is most in line with the intensity of pain that they have experienced in the prior 24 hours(n=63).

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Below is a summary of the procedural information presented at the AVF Annual Meeting in March 2020:

Procedural information

Total (median

[interquartile

range] or n (%))

Iliac or iliofemoral thrombus

89/105 (85%)

Single-session treatment

101/102 (99%)

Number of ClotTriever passes

3.0 [3, 5], n=102

Thrombectomy time (minutes) (1)

31.0 [22, 50], n=93

Estimated blood loss (cc)

40 [20, 75], n=92

Thrombolytics used (patients)

0/104 (0%)

Length of stay: Hospital (days)

2 [1, 4], n=95

Number of patients admitted to ICU

4/95 (4%)

(1)

Amount of time ClotTriever used during procedure.

Below is a summary of the baseline characteristics presented at the AVF Annual Meeting in March 2020

Baseline Characteristics

Total (median

[interquartile

range] or n (%))

Age (years)

58 [45, 69], n=103

Male sex

56/103 (54%)

Prior history of DVT

29/105 (28%)

Previous treatment of current DVT (1)

27/101 (27%)

Patients with acute clot age/chronicity (less than 2 weeks)

35/101 (35%)

Patients with subacute clot age/chronicity (between 2 and 6 weeks)

37/101 (37%)

Patients with chronic age/chronicity (greater than 6 weeks)

29/101 (29%)

Thrombolytic eligibility

74/103 (72%)

Provoked DVT

45/102 (44%)

Bilateral DVT

3/105 (3%)

(1)

Three patients had advanced therapy and 24 patients had thrombolytic therapy for greater than or equal to oneweek.

FlowTriever

The safety, effectiveness and clinical advantages of the FlowTriever have been observed in our first clinical trial, the FLARE study, and have also been observed in multiple post-market studies competed by various hospitals and research organizations. The FLARE study was conducted under an investigational device exemption, or IDE, approved by the FDA, and was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the FlowTriever for use in the removal of clot from the pulmonary arteries and in the treatment of acute PE. The study supported the initial FDA 510(k) clearance for the FlowTriever. The results of the study were published in May 2019 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Interventions. We are currently enrolling patients in the FlowTriever All-Comer Registry for Patient Safety and Hemodynamics, or FLASH registry, to evaluate real-world patient outcomes using the FlowTriever in up to 500 patients.

FLASH Registry

The FLASH registry is a prospective, multi-center registry designed to evaluate real-world patient outcomes and capture several acute and longer term outcome measures. We plan to enroll up to 500 patients with intermediate and high risk PE at up to 50 sites across the United States. We believe data from the FLASH registry will generate a

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robust cadence of publications and, ultimately, will inform the design of future definitive clinical trials with the goal of establishing the FlowTriever as the standard of care for treatment of PE.

Eligible patients must meet inclusion criteria specified for the registry. Generally, patients must exhibit clinical signs and symptoms consistent with acute PE and/or CT or pulmonary angiography evidence of proximal filling defect in at least one main or lobar pulmonary artery and be scheduled for treatment for PE using the FlowTriever at the investigator’s discretion. Patients will be excluded if they are unable to receive anticoagulant therapy, have known sensitivity to radiographic contrast agents that cannot be adequately pre-treated, have a life expectancy of less than 30 days or are participating in another investigational drug or device treatment study that would interfere with participation in the registry, or if imaging evidence or other evidence suggests that the patient is not appropriate for a catheter-based thrombectomy procedure.

The primary outcome measure is the composite of patients that experience major adverse events, including device-related death, major bleeding, or device or procedure-related adverse events, in the 48 hours after treatment using the FlowTriever. Secondary safety outcomes that are also being reported include the rate of patients with individual components of composite major adverse events in the 48 hours after treatment and the rates of death and device-related serious adverse events within 30 days of treatment. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include change in pulmonary artery pressures, changes in a range of on-table hemodynamic measurements and utility measures, such as length of stay in the ICU and hospital. In addition, there are follow-up visits for patients at up to six months from the date of treatment.

In October 2020, we announced positive results from the first 230 patients enrolled in the FLASH registry.  Of these patients, 98.7% (227/230) met the registry’s primary endpoint of freedom from major adverse events in the 48 hours after treatment using the FlowTriever. Secondary endpoints include impact on acute hemodynamics, procedural measures, 48-hour all-cause mortality and longer-term patient outcomes. All secondary outcome measures analyzed show statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements from baseline.  In addition, there were no deaths in the 48 hours after treatment, cardiac or pulmonary injuries or procedure-related clinical deteriorations. Further, there were no instances of intracranial hemorrhage, which is a limitation of treatment with thrombolytic drugs. Hemodynamic parameters, including pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac index improved significantly after treatment. The median duration of ICU stay was zero days following intervention.

Immediate post-procedural hemodynamic improvements have not been demonstrated with thrombolytic-based approaches, which can take several hours to take effect.  After treatment using the FlowTriever, patient heart rates quickly improved by an average of 23 beats per minute. The majority (77%) of patients were tachycardic (>100 bpm) pre-procedure and 25% were tachycardic immediately after treatment. In addition, the average pulmonary artery pressure dropped by 7mmHg, with several patients normalizing immediately after clot removal.

In November 2020, we announced positive follow-up results from these first 230 patients that were previously reported in October 2020 and for whom the study extended the follow-up period to 30 days after treatment with FlowTriever. At 30 days, one death (0.4%) was reported and the results showed a readmission rate of 6.7%. In contrast, the national PERT Consortium Quality Database recently showed 30-day mortality rates of 25.9% and 6.1% for high- and intermediate-risk PE patients and a readmission rate of nearly 25%. Efficacy data was also positive and showed normalization or near normalization in a battery of hemodynamic variables, such as pulmonary artery pressure, RV/LV ratio and heart rate, as well as dyspnea (shortness of breath) metrics.  

FLARE Study

Our first clinical trial, the FLARE study, was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter IDE study conducted at 18 sites across the United States from April 2016 to October 2017. The study evaluated the treatment of 106 patients with intermediate risk PE using the first generation FlowTriever. The study met both of its primary endpoints, which demonstrated safety and effectiveness and represented what we believe to be the first demonstration of successful treatment of PE without the use of thrombolytic drugs or its consequent ICU stay. Data from the study supported the initial FDA 510(k) clearance for the FlowTriever.

All patients enrolled in the study were symptomatic for 14 days or fewer, with clinical signs and presentation consistent with PE, including documented proximal PE by computed tomography, or CT, angiography, and a site-

22


reported right ventricle/left ventricle, or RV/LV, ratio of 0.9 or greater by CT. Patients were required to have a stable heart rate and systolic blood pressure and to be deemed medically eligible for an interventional procedure. Patients were excluded for use of thrombolytic drugs within 30 days of their CT angiography for the study, active cancer and contraindication to anticoagulant therapy. Patients with recent surgery and other high bleeding risks were not excluded.

The primary effectiveness endpoint was a reduction in core laboratory-assessed RV/LV ratio. The average RV/LV ratio decreased from 1.53 (n = 104) at baseline assessment to 1.15 (n = 101) in the 48 hours after treatment using the FlowTriever, representing a statistically significant reduction in RV/LV ratio of 0.38 on average (25.1%; p < 0.0001).

The primary safety endpoint was measured by device-related death, major bleeding, treatment-related clinical deterioration, pulmonary vascular injury or cardiac injury in the 48 hours after treatment using the FlowTriever. Four patients (3.8%) experienced six major adverse events in the 48 hours after treatment. All major adverse events were determined to be procedure related, with no device-related major adverse events. All four (3.8%) patients exhibited clinical deterioration. There was one major bleeding event (0.9%) and one pulmonary vascular injury. The major bleeding event experienced by one patient was also classified as a pulmonary vascular injury and as clinical deterioration. Two patients (1.9%) experienced respiratory deterioration during or immediately after the procedure that required emergent intubation. One patient (0.9%) became agitated during the procedure, requiring increased sedation, and had a ventricular fibrillation event that required cardioversion and emergent intubation. An additional 10 patients experienced serious adverse events within 30 days after treatment, none of which were determined to be procedure or device-related. In total, 14 patients (13.2%) experienced 26 serious adverse events within 30 days, with five patients (4.7%) experiencing multiple serious adverse events. One patient (0.9%) died within 30 days of treatment because of respiratory failure from undiagnosed metastatic breast cancer. The mean procedure time was 94 minutes.

The FLARE study also provided evidence supporting other potential advantages of the FlowTriever. Only two patients (1.9%) in the study were administered thrombolytic drugs. Further, the average ICU stay of patients enrolled in the study was 1.5 days and 41.3% of patients did not go to the ICU. The average total hospital stay for patients enrolled in the study was 4.1 days.

Other Studies

There are a number of additional investigator-initiated studies being conducted to evaluate, among others, clot morphology, healthcare economics and long-term implications involving VTE.

Sales and Marketing

We currently sell our products to over 8001,600 of the approximately 1,5002,000 hospitals in the United States with a cath lab or interventional suite where interventionalcatheter-based procedures can be performed. Our treating physicians are interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons.Outside of the United States, we sell our solutions in over 30 countries. As we expand our network of hospital customers and leverage our expanding sales organization, we seek to increase awareness within these hospitals and with our treating physicians, referring physicians and other stakeholders at the customer account level in order to drive greater adoption of our productssolutions as the preferred first-line solutionchoice treatment for the treatment of venous diseases.patients. This strategy enables our sales representatives to have regular and targeted communications to convey the benefits of our productssolutions to non-interventional physicians, such as emergency department physicians and pulmonologists. To accomplish

Manufacturing and Supply
The manufacturing and assembly of all of our solutions, except for the LimFlow system, is performed at our facility in Irvine, California. We also inspect, test, package and ship finished goods from this facility. We have intentionally pursued a vertically integrated manufacturing strategy. We believe this offers important advantages, including rapid iteration and control over our device quality.
The manufacturing and assembly of the LimFlow system is currently performed by third-party contract manufacturers in Germany and Costa Rica.
We believe our current manufacturing capacity is sufficient to meet our current expected demand for at least the next 12 months.
In October 2023, we conduct regular national, regionalsigned a lease and local trainingconstruction agreement for 185,000 square feet of land with options to lease additional land of 283,000 square feet in the Evolution Free Trade Zone in Costa Rica. The lease provides for, among other things, the construction of and educational programs for both interventionaloption to purchase a manufacturing and non-interventional physicians. In 2020 we launched our online education portal and expanded our physician outreach and trainingdistribution facility, which is expected to be operational in 2025.
We are registered with the launchFDA as a medical device manufacturer and are licensed by the State of California to manufacture and distribute our medical devices. We are required to manufacture our devices in compliance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic inspections and may also inspect the facilities of our Clot Warrior Academy,suppliers. In October 2021, we moved to our current Irvine, California facility. The FDA conducted its most recent inspection in August 2016. This inspection was conducted at our prior facility, also located in Irvine, California. The FDA has not conducted an inspection at our current facility.
We have received International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, 13485:2016 certification for our quality management system. ISO certification generally includes recertification audits every third year, scheduled annual surveillance audits and periodic unannounced audits. In connection with these audits, non-conformities relating to our quality management system are noted from time to time. We currently have no major unresolved non-conformities outstanding in connection with previous audits of our facilities or quality management systems.
We use a combination of internally manufactured and externally-sourced components to produce our medical device systems. For the LimFlow system, we currently rely solely on externally-sourced components, third-party contract manufacturing, and finished good assemblies. Externally-sourced components include off-the-shelf materials, sub-assemblies and custom parts that are provided by approved suppliers. Some of these components are provided by single-source suppliers. While there are other suppliers that could make or provide any one of our externally-sourced components, we seek to manage supplier risk by regularly assessing the quality and capacity of our suppliers, implementing supply and quality agreements where appropriate and actively managing lead times and inventory levels of sourced components. In addition, we are continually looking for opportunities to approve alternative suppliers to dual or multi-source certain of our components. We generally seek to maintain sufficient supply levels to help mitigate any supply interruptions and enable us to find and qualify another source of supply. For certain components, we estimate that it could take up to six months to find and qualify a second source. Order quantities and lead times for externally-sourced components are based on our forecasts, which consistsare derived from historical demand and anticipated future demand. Lead times for components may vary depending on the size of the order, time required to fabricate and test the components, specific supplier requirements and current market demand for the materials, sub-assemblies and parts.

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Our suppliers are evaluated, qualified and approved as part of our supplier quality program, which includes verification and monitoring procedures to ensure that our suppliers comply with FDA and ISO standards as appropriate, as well as our own specifications and requirements. We inspect and verify externally-sourced components under strict processes supported by internal policies and procedures. We maintain a rigorous change control policy to assure that no product or process changes are implemented without our prior review and approval.
Our finished solutions are then ethylene oxide sterilized by qualified third-party suppliers.
Competition
The medical device industry is highly competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by the introduction of new products and technologies and other activities of industry participants. For our VTE solutions and Emerging Therapy clot removal solutions, we compete with manufacturers of thrombolytic drugs, such as Roche, and with medical device companies that manufacture thrombectomy devices and systems used to treat vascular blockages. These systems include water jets, ultrasonic acoustic field generators, aspirators, catheters and others. Our primary medical device competitors are divisions of Penumbra, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Medtronic, AngioDynamics, Becton Dickinson, and Phillips, and multiple smaller companies that have single products or a limited range of products. There is growing interest in the treatment of VTE disease with catheter-based solutions, and there are a significant number of approved thrombectomy devices available or entering the market in the near term. As this interest continues to grow, we anticipate that this competition will intensify.
Currently, there are no commercially approved devices comparable to the LimFlow system on the market.
Many of our competitors have longer, more established operating histories, and significantly greater name recognition and financial, technical, marketing, sales, distribution and other resources. In addition, certain competitors have several competitive advantages, including established treatment patterns pursuant to which drugs are generally first-line or concurrent therapies for the treatment of VTE and established relationships with hospitals and physicians who prescribe their drugs or are familiar with existing interventional procedures for the treatment of VTE. We compete primarily on the basis that our ClotTriever and FlowTriever systems are designed specifically for the venous system and are able to treat patients with DVT and PE safely, effectively and without the need for thrombolytic drugs and their related costs and complications.
With respect to our Emerging Therapies, we are just entering the market and believe there are currently limited competitors offering purpose-built solutions for our target opportunities. While we acknowledge a limited number of mechanical thrombectomy and aspiration-based devices and companies in the market, our primary competition in the Emerging Therapies space currently lies with manufacturers of thrombolytic drugs or anticoagulants, or with physicians' treatment decisions, such as surgery instead of intervention. With respect to LimFlow, in particular, we currently compete with physicians' treatment decisions, such as amputation, and limited understanding of the availability of TADV as an FDA-approved treatment option.
Our overall competitive position is dependent upon a number of factors, including patient outcomes and adverse event rates, patient experience and treatment time, acceptance by hospitals, physicians and referral sources, ease-of-use and reliability, patient recovery time and level of discomfort, economic benefits and cost savings, availability of reimbursement and the strength of clinical data and supporting evidence and our ability to obtain necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our new solutions. One of the major hurdles to adoption of our solutions is overcoming established treatment patterns, which we seek to accomplish through the four-pronged foundation of our business and driving the education of referral sources and physicians, generating supportive clinical data and developing treatment programs with hospitals and other customers.
Intellectual Property
We actively seek to protect the intellectual property and proprietary technology that we believe is important to our business. We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret and other intellectual property laws, employment, confidentiality and invention assignment agreements, and protective contractual provisions with our employees, contractors, consultants, suppliers, partners and other third parties to protect our intellectual property rights.
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As of December 31, 2023, we held 74 U.S. patents, which are expected to expire between March 2025 and October 2024, 54 pending U.S. patent applications, 55 issued foreign patents, and 90 pending foreign patent applications including 11 pending Patent Cooperation Treaty applications, excluding our licensed and sublicensed patents. The term of individual patents depends on the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are granted. In most countries, including the United States, the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a seriesnonprovisional patent application in the applicable country. Our patents include a number of live webinars.

Weclaims related to our systems, future concepts for our devices and methods for treating vascular occlusions and embolisms.

There is no active patent litigation involving any of our patents and we have dedicated meaningful resources to building a direct sales forcenot received any notices of any patent infringement.
As of December 31, 2023, we had 140 registered trademarks and 61 pending trademark applications worldwide, including trademark registrations for “Inari Medical”, “FlowTriever”, “ClotTriever”, and “LimFlow” in the United States and other countries.
Our pending patent and trademark applications may not result in issued patents or trademarks, and we are actively expandingcannot assure that any current or subsequently issued patent or trademark will protect our sales organization through additional sales representativesintellectual property rights, provide us with any competitive advantage or withstand or retain its original scope if subjected to a validity or enforceability challenge from a third party. While there is no active litigation involving any of our patents or other intellectual property rights and territories. Wewe have 510(k) clearancenot received any notices of patent or other intellectual property infringement, we may be required to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights against third parties in the United Statesfuture. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” for additional information regarding these and have obtained CE Marks in Europe for bothother risks related to our ClotTrieverintellectual property portfolio and FlowTriever products.

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We recruit sales representatives who have substantial and applicable medical device and/or sales experience. Our most important relationships are between our sales representatives and physicians. Our front-line sales representatives typically attend procedures, which puts us at the intersection of the patient, product and physician. We have developed systems and processes to harness information gained from these interactions and we leverage this information to rapidly iterate products, introduce and execute physician education and training programs and scale our sales organization. We continue to expand our network of sales representatives and as of December 31, 2020, we had 120 sales territories.

Our products are simple, intuitive and easy to use, and do not require significant additional training. They are designed to utilize standard endovascular skills. Our treating physicians can readily learn the required additional techniques for use of our products.

their potential effect on us.

Coverage and Reimbursement

In the United States, we sell our productssolutions to hospitals. Hospitals in turn bill various third-party payors, such as Medicare, Medicaid and private health insurance plans, for the total healthcare services required to treat the patient. We do not participate in the billing or reimbursement process and as such, do not engage directly with patients or payors with respect to billing. Government agencies, private insurers and other payors determine whether to provide coverage for a particular procedure and to reimburse hospitals for inpatient treatment at a fixed rate based on the diagnosis-related group, or DRG, as determined by the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS. The fixed rate of reimbursement is based on the procedure performed and is unrelated to the specific medical device used in that procedure. Medicare rates for the same or similar procedures vary due to geographic location, nature of facility in which the procedure is performed (i.e., teaching or community hospital) and other factors. While private payors vary in their coverage and payment policies, most use coverage and payment by Medicare as a benchmark by which to make their own decisions.

ClotTriever

Procedures using

Third-party payors are increasingly limiting coverage and reducing reimbursements for medical products and services. In addition, the U.S. government, state legislatures and foreign governments have continued implementing cost-containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement. The process for determining whether a third-party payor will provide coverage for a product or procedure may be separate from the process for establishing the reimbursement rate that such a payor will pay for the product or procedure. A payor’s decision to provide coverage for a product or procedure does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Further, one payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product or procedure does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage for the device or procedure.
As we continue to expand into new geographies, we work with the local government agencies to establish relevant reimbursement for our ClotTrieversolutions.
In addition to the traditional coding and reimbursement mechanisms described above, there is an additional mechanism under Medicare to help ensure that adequate payment is made for new medical services and technologies in the hospital inpatient setting. This mechanism is called “New Technology Add-on Payment” or “NTAP”. CMS may grant NTAP status to technologies that meet a set of criteria, including requirements involving newness, cost, and whether the product results in a substantial clinical improvement in comparison to existing therapies. Under NTAP, hospitals can receive additional reimbursement when treating Medicare beneficiaries with new technology during the initial two or three years that the product is on the market. The
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rules governing NTAP eligibility and processes are categorized under CPT code 37187described in greater detail on the CMS website and in notices that are published from time-to-time in a government publication called the Federal Register.

In October 2023, LimFlow applied for venous mechanical thrombectomy procedures. The primary ICD-10-CM diagnosis code for DVT is I82.40. The MS-DRGs are 270 when the patient presents with major complications or co-morbidities, 271 when the patient presents with a complication or co-morbidity, and 272 for patients without complications or co-morbidities.

FlowTriever

Procedures using our FlowTriever product are categorized under CPT code 37184 under arterial, noncoronary, mechanical thrombectomy procedures. The primary ICD-10-CM diagnosis code for PE is I26.9. The MS-DRGs are 163 when the patient presents with major complications or co-morbidities, 164 when the patient presents with a complication or co-morbidity, and 165 for patients without complications or co-morbidities.

We understand that in 1983, CMS adopted a National Coverage Determination, or NCD, for Transvenous Pulmonary Embolectomy, NCD 240.6. At that time, NCD 240.6 deemed pulmonary embolectomyNTAP to be experimentaleffective October 1, 2024, and non-covered by Medicare. NCD 240.6 does not haveexpects to receive a published effective date, does not provide any details about the non-covered procedure or devices, and does not cite any of the factors or evidence that was used to establish non-coverage. Since that time, technology and clinical practices related to embolectomy have changed significantly. We also understand that multiple physician societies have requested thatdecision from CMS remove NCD 240.6.

While NCD 240.6 is published, CMS approved Medicare coverage for FlowTriever procedures performed in connection with our FLARE study under Medicare’s Category B IDE coverage policy and hospitals have continued to perform FlowTriever procedures. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Catheter-based treatment for PE is subject to a Medicare National Coverage Determination that may restrict Medicare coverage for procedures using our FlowTriever product for the treatment of PE.”

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Research and Development

We are dedicated to the treatment of venous disease and are committed to driving innovation for the treatment of VTE, including DVT and PE. We believe our ability to develop innovative products for the treatment of VTE is attributable to our focus on the venous system, the design philosophy and product innovation process that we have implemented, our efforts to leverage and expand our clinical evidence and the insights that we have gained from our work in developing our products to date. Our engineering team has broad mechanical and biomedical engineering, project management, materials science, design and prototyping expertise.

Our research and development effort is informed by near real-time field-based input from our sales organization, physicians and the direct field experience of our engineers. This process has allowed us to rapidly innovate and enhance our products.

We are currently focused on three key goals as we develop additional and next generation venous products for commercialization. First, we seek to continue to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency and ease of use of our current products. Second, we plan to expand the application of our thrombectomy technology to areas of the body that are not addressed by our existing products. Third, we are developing solutions beyond thrombectomy to address other unmet needs.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, our research and development expenses were $18.4 million, $7.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

Manufacturing and Supply

We currently manufacture and assemble our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products at our approximately 40,000 square foot facility in Irvine, California. We also inspect, test, package and ship finished products from this facility. We have intentionally pursued a vertically integrated manufacturing strategy. We believe this offers important advantages, including rapid product iteration and control over our product quality. Although we believe our current manufacturing capacity is sufficient to meet our current expected demand for at least the next 12 months, we have entered into a lease agreement for a larger facility in Irvine, California to accommodate our growth plans.

We are registered with the FDA as a medical device manufacturer and are licensed by the State of California to manufacture and distribute our medical devices. We are required to manufacture our products in compliance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic inspections and may also inspect the facilities of our suppliers. We moved to our current Irvine, California facility in November 2019, which has been registered with the FDA and was approved by the State of California for the manufacture and distribution of medical devices in October 2019. The FDA conducted its most recent inspection in August 2016. This inspection was conducted at our prior facility, which was also located in Irvine, California. The FDA has not conducted an inspection at our current facility.

We have received International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, 13485:2016 certification for our quality management system. ISO certification generally includes recertification audits every third year, scheduled annual surveillance audits and periodic unannounced audits. The most recent recertification audit was conducted in November 2020.  One major non-conformity was identified that has been addressed to the satisfaction of the notified body in January 2021. There have been no surveillance audits or unannounced audits on our new facility.

We use a combination of internally manufactured and externally-sourced components to produce our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products. Externally-sourced components include off-the-shelf materials, sub-assemblies and custom parts that are provided by approved suppliers. Almost all of these components, including the nitinol coring element of the ClotTriever, are provided by single-source suppliers. While there are other suppliers that could make or provide any one of our externally-sourced components, we seek to manage single-source supplier risk by regularly assessing the quality and capacity of our suppliers, implementing supply and quality agreements where appropriate and actively managing lead times and inventory levels of sourced components. In addition, we are currently in the process of identifying and approving alternative suppliers to dual or multi-source certain of our components. We generally seek to maintain sufficient supply levels to help mitigate any supply interruptions and enable us to find and qualify another source of supply. For certain components, we estimate that it would take up to

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six months to find and qualify a second source. Order quantities and lead times for externally sourced components are based on our forecasts, which are derived from historical demand and anticipated future demand. Lead times for components may vary depending on the size of the order, time required to fabricate and test the components, specific supplier requirements and current market demand for the materials, sub-assemblies and parts.

Our suppliers are evaluated, qualified and approved as part of our supplier quality program, which includes verification and monitoring proceduresCMS’ Fiscal Year 2025 Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System Rulemaking.

In November 2023, as part of CMS’ CY 2024 Final Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System Rule, CMS reassigned CPT Code 0620T to ensure that our suppliers comply with FDA and ISO standards as appropriate, as well as our own specifications and requirements. We inspect and verify externally sourced components under strict processes supported by internal policies and procedures. We maintain a rigorous change control policyNew Technology Ambulatory Payment Classification (“APC”) 1578 (New Technology – Level 41), effective January 1, 2024. The reassignment to assure that no product or process changes are implemented without our prior review and approval.

Our finished products are ethylene oxide sterilizedNew Technology APC Code 1578 allows for continuing reimbursement for the LimFlow procedure at a local, qualified supplier.

Competition

The medical device industry is highly competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by the introduction of new products and technologies and other activities of industry participants. We compete with manufacturers of thrombolytic drugs, such as Roche, and with medical device companies that manufacture thrombectomy devices and systems used to treat vascular blockages. These systems include water jets, ultrasonic acoustic field generators, aspirators, catheters and others. Our primary medical device competitors are Boston Scientific Corporation, Penumbra, AngioDynamics, Teleflex, Shandong Weigao and smaller companies that have single products or a limited range of products. There is growing interest in treatment of VTE with catheter-based solutions, and there are a significant number of approved thrombectomy deviceshigher reimbursement rate than was previously available. As this interest continues to grow, we anticipate that this competition will intensify.

Many of our competitors have longer, more established operating histories, and significantly greater name recognition and financial, technical, marketing, sales, distribution and other resources. In addition, certain competitors have several competitive advantages, including established treatment patterns pursuant to which drugs are generally first-line or concurrent therapies for the treatment of VTE and established relationships with hospitals and physicians who prescribe their drugs or are familiar with existing interventional procedures for the treatment of VTE.

We compete primarily on the basis that our solutions are designed specifically for the venous system and are able to treat patients with DVT and PE safely, effectively and without the need for thrombolytic drugs and their related costs and complications. Our overall competitive position is dependent upon a number of factors, including patient outcomes and adverse event rates, patient experience and treatment time, acceptance by hospitals, physicians and referral sources, ease-of-use and reliability, patient recovery time and level of discomfort, economic benefits and cost savings, availability of reimbursement and the strength of clinical data and supporting evidence. One of the major hurdles to adoption of our products will be overcoming established treatment patterns, which will require education of referral sources and physicians and supportive clinical data.

Intellectual Property

We actively seek to protect the intellectual property and proprietary technology that we believe is important to our business. We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret and other intellectual property laws, employment, confidentiality and invention assignment agreements, and protective contractual provisions with our employees, contractors, consultants, suppliers, partners and other third parties to protect our intellectual property rights.

As of December 31, 2020, we held 19 U.S. patents, which are expected to expire between November 2032 and April 2037, 17 pending U.S. patent applications, four issued foreign patents, 16 pending foreign patent applications and four pending Patent Cooperation Treaty applications, excluding our licensed and sublicensed patents. The term of individual patents depends on the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are granted. In most countries, including the United States, the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a

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nonprovisional patent application in the applicable country. Our patents include a number of claims related to our systems, future concepts for our products and methods for treating vascular occlusions and embolisms.

As of December 31, 2020, we also licensed two U.S. patents and sublicensed one U.S. patent related to braiding elements of our product designs, such as the tubular braiding of our clot collection bag. The licensed U.S. patent is expected to expire in October 2037 and is licensed pursuant to an amended and restated technology agreement, dated March 2, 2018, between Inceptus Medical, LLC, or Inceptus, and us. The license is a worldwide, exclusive, royalty-free license in the field of the treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature. The sublicensed U.S. patent is expected to expire in March 2030 and is sublicensed pursuant to a sublicense agreement, dated August 1, 2019, between Inceptus and us. Pursuant to the sublicense agreement, Inceptus granted us a non-transferable, worldwide, exclusive sublicense to its licensed intellectual property related to the tubular braiding for the non-surgical removal of clots and treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature. Inceptus licensed this intellectual property pursuant to an intellectual property license agreement, dated May 4, 2018, between Inceptus and Drexel University.

There is no active patent litigation involving any of our patents and we have not received any notices of any patent infringement.

As of December 31, 2020, we had eight registered trademarks and seven pending trademark applications worldwide, including trademark registration for “Inari Medical” in the United States and trademark registrations for “FlowTriever” and “ClotTriever” in the United States and other countries.

Our pending patent and trademark applications may not result in issued patents or trademarks, and we cannot assure you that any current or subsequently issued patents or trademarks will protect our intellectual property rights, provide us with any competitive advantage or withstand or retain its original scope after a validity or enforceability challenge from a third party. While there is no active litigation involving any of our patents or other intellectual property rights and we have not received any notices of patent or other intellectual property infringement, we may be required to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights against third parties in the future. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” for additional information regarding these and other risks related to our intellectual property portfolio and their potential effect on us.

Sublicense Agreement with Inceptus Medical, LLC

In August 2019, we entered into a sublicense agreement with Inceptus, pursuant to which Inceptus granted us a non-transferable, worldwide, exclusive sublicense to its licensed intellectual property rights related to the tubular braiding for the non-surgical removal of clots and treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature; such rights were originally granted to Inceptus pursuant to an intellectual property license agreement with Drexel University, or Drexel License, under which Drexel retained certain rights to use, and to permit other non-commercial entities to use, the sublicensed intellectual property for educational and non-commercial research purposes. The sublicense is also subject to all applicable U.S. government rights, and we cannot be sure that some of our intellectual property will be free from government rights or regulations pursuant to the Bayh-Doyle Act. Furthermore, we are obligated to comply with, and to avoid acts or omissions that would reasonably be likely to cause a breach of, the Drexel License. Our sublicense from Inceptus may only be sublicensed with the prior written approval of Inceptus and Drexel University.

Pursuant to the sublicense agreement, we paid Inceptus reimbursement and milestone fees shortly after signing, and are obligated to pay an ongoing quarterly administration fee of $29,250 per quarter. Additionally, we are obligated to pay Inceptus on a quarterly basis an ongoing royalty calculated as the greater of a low-single digit percentage of net sales of products utilizing the licensed intellectual property and $1,500. The sublicense agreement specifies that our obligations to pay the quarterly administration fee and low-single digit royalty will terminate, and the licensed rights under the Drexel License will become fully paid-up and royalty and payment free if, pursuant to the terms of the Drexel License, Drexel University fails to provide timely written consent to Inceptus to join Drexel University to any patent infringement action for which Drexel University is a legally indispensable party.

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The sublicense agreement will continue until the expiration of the sublicensed patent, unless terminated earlier pursuant to the terms of the agreement. We may terminate the sublicense agreement at any time by providing prior written notice. Inceptus may terminate the sublicense agreement if we challenge the validity or enforceability of the sublicensed intellectual property, in the event of our uncured material breach, in the event of our bankruptcy or insolvency-related events, if we cease bona fide development and commercialization efforts for a specified period or if we are late in making our obligated payments under the agreement. The Drexel License includes similar term and termination provisions in respect of Inceptus and Drexel University.

Amended and Restated Technology Agreement with Inceptus Medical, LLC

In March 2018, we entered into an amended and restated technology agreement with Inceptus. Pursuant to this agreement, Inceptus granted us a worldwide, exclusive, royalty-free license to certain of its intellectual property related to the braiding and aspiration controller technologies underlying its patent for the treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature, or the defined field. As consideration, we granted Inceptus a license to use our intellectual property on reciprocal terms for use outside the defined field. These cross-licenses are perpetual and irrevocable. Neither party owes any payments to each other. We have the right to assign or transfer the amended and restated technology agreement to an entity in connection with the sale of all or substantially all of our business.

Government Regulation

Our products and our operations are subject to extensive regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and other federal and state authorities in the United States, as well as comparable authorities in foreign jurisdictions. Our products are subject to regulation as medical devices in the United States under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, as implemented and enforced by the FDA.

United States Regulation

The FDA regulates the development, design, non-clinical and clinical research, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labeling, packaging, storage, sale, installation, servicing, recordkeeping, premarket clearance or approval, adverse event reporting, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution, and import and export of medical devices to ensure that medical devices distributed domestically are safe and effective for their intended uses and otherwise meet the requirements of the FDCA.

FDA Premarket Clearance and Approval Requirements

Unless an exemption applies, each medical device commercially distributed in the United States requires either FDA clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification, or approval of a premarket approval application, or PMA, application.PMA. Under the FDCA, medical devices are classified into one of three classes—Class I, Class II or Class III—depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of manufacturer and regulatory control needed to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Class I includes devices with the lowest risk to the patient and are those for which safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to the FDA’s General Controls for medical devices, which include compliance with the applicable portions of the Quality System Regulation, or QSR, facility registration and product listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and truthful and non-misleading labeling, advertising, and promotional materials. Class II devices are subject to the FDA’s General Controls, and special controls as deemed necessary by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device. These special controls can include performance standards, post-market surveillance, patient registries and FDA guidance documents.

While most Class I devices are exempt from the 510(k) premarket notification requirement, manufacturers of most Class II devices are required to submit to the FDA a premarket notification under Section 510(k) of the FDCA requesting permission to commercially distribute the device. The FDA’s permissiondevice, also referred to commercially distribute a device subject toas a 510(k) premarket notification is generally known as 510(k) clearance. DevicesClass III devices are those deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risks,risk, such as life sustaining, life supportinglife-sustaining, life-supporting or some implantable devices or devices that have a new intended use, or use advanced technology that isdeemed not substantially equivalent to that of a legally marketedpreviously cleared 510(k) device, are placed in Class III, requiring approval of a PMA. Some pre-amendment devices are

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unclassified, but are subject to FDA’s premarket notification and clearance process in order to be commercially distributed. OurWith exception of the LimFlow system, our currently marketed products are Class II devices subject tofor which we have received 510(k) clearance.

The LimFlow system is a Class III device that is PMA-approved.

510(k) Clearance Marketing Pathway

Our

Most of our current products are subject to premarket notification and clearance under section 510(k) of the FDCA. To obtain 510(k) clearance, we must submit to the FDA a premarket notification submission demonstrating that the proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a predicate device already on the market. A predicate device is a legally marketed device that is not subject to premarket approval,market, i.e., a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device) and for which a PMA is not required, a device that has been reclassified from Class III to Class II or I, or a device that was found substantially equivalent through the 510(k) process. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from
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three to 12 months but may take longer. The FDA may require additional information, including clinical data, to make a determination regarding substantial equivalence. In addition, FDA collects user fees for certain medical device submissions and annual fees and for medical device establishments. For fiscal year 2021, the standard user fee for a 510(k) premarket notification application is $12,432.

If the FDA agrees that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device currently on the market, it will grant 510(k) clearance to commercially market the device. If the FDA determines that the device is “not substantially equivalent” to a previously cleared device, the device is automatically designated as a Class III device. The device sponsor must then fulfill more rigorous PMA requirements or can request a risk- basedrisk-based classification determination for the device in accordance with the de novo“de novo” process, which is a route to market for novel medical devices that are low to moderate risk and are not substantially equivalent to a predicate device.

After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change or modification in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or, depending on the modification, PMA approval or de novo classification. The FDA requires each manufacturer to determine whether the proposed change requires submission of a 510(k), de novo request or a PMA in the first instance, but the FDA can review any such decision and disagree with a manufacturer’s determination. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturer’s determination, the FDA can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or request the recall of the modified device until 510(k) marketing clearance or PMA approval is obtained, or a de novo request is granted. Also, in these circumstances, the manufacturer may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties.

Over the last several years,

PMA Approval Pathway
The LimFlow system received PMA approval from the FDA has proposed reforms to its 510(k) clearance process, and such proposals could include increased requirements for clinical data and a longer review period, or could make it more difficult for manufacturers to utilize the 510(k) clearance process for their products. For example, in November 2018, FDA officials announced steps that the FDA intended to take to modernize the premarket notification pathway under Section 510(k) of the FDCA. Among other things, the FDA announced that it planned to develop proposals to drive manufacturers utilizing the 510(k) pathway toward the use of newer predicates. These proposals included plans to potentially sunset certain older devices that were used as predicates under the 510(k) clearance pathway, and to potentially publish a list of devices that have been cleared on the basis of demonstrated substantial equivalence to predicate devices that are more than 10 years old. These proposals have not yet been finalized or adopted, although the FDA may work with Congress to implement such proposals through legislation.

More recently, in September 2019, the FDA issued revised final guidance describing an optional “safety and performance based” premarket review pathway for manufacturers of “certain, well-understood device types” to demonstrate substantial equivalence under the 510(k) clearance pathway by showing that such device meets objective safety and performance criteria established by the FDA, thereby obviating the need for manufacturers to compare the safety and performance of their medical devices to specific predicate devices in the clearance process. The FDA has developed and maintains a list device types appropriate for the “safety and performance based” pathway and continues to develop product-specific guidance documents that identify the performance criteria for each such device type, as well as the testing methods recommended in the guidance documents, where feasible.

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PMA Approval Pathway

2023. Class III devices require PMA approval before they can be marketed, although some pre-amendment Class III devices for which FDA has not yet required approval of a PMA are cleared through the 510(k) process. The PMA process is more demanding than the 510(k) premarket notification process. In a PMA, the manufacturer must demonstrate that the device is safe and effective, and the PMA must be supported by extensive data, including data from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. The PMA must also contain a full description of the device and its components, a full description of the methods, facilities, and controls used for manufacturing, and proposed labeling. Following receipt of a PMA, the FDA determines whether the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. If FDA accepts the application for review, it has 180 days under the FDCA to complete its review of a PMA, although in practice, the FDA’s review often takes significantly longer, and can take up to several years. An advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device. The FDA may or may not accept the panel’s recommendation. In addition, the FDA will generally conduct a pre-approval inspection of the applicant or its third-party manufacturers’ or suppliers’ manufacturing facility or facilities to ensure compliance with the QSR. PMA applications are also subject to the payment of user fees, which for fiscal year 2021 includes a standard application fee of $365,657.

The FDA will approve the new device for commercial distribution if it determines that the data and information in the PMA constitute valid scientific evidence and that there is reasonable assurance that the device is safe and effective for its intended use(s). The FDA may approve a PMA with post-approval conditions intended to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device, including, among other things, restrictions on labeling, promotion, sale and distribution, and collection of long-term follow-up data from patients in the clinical study that supported PMA approval or requirements to conduct additional clinical studies post-approval. The FDA may condition PMA approval on some form of post-market surveillance when deemed necessary to protect the public health or to provide additional safety and efficacy data for the device in a larger population or for a longer period of use. In such cases, the manufacturer might be required to follow certain patient groups for a number of years and to make periodic reports to the FDA on the clinical status of those patients. Failure to comply with
De novo classification process
Medical device types that the conditions of approval can result in material adverse enforcement action, including withdrawalFDA has not previously classified as Class I, II, or III are automatically classified into Class III regardless of the approval.

Certain changeslevel of risk they pose. The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 established a route to an approvedmarket for low-to-moderate risk medical devices that are automatically placed into Class III due to the absence of a predicate device, such as changes in manufacturing facilities, methods,called the “Request for Evaluation of Automatic Class III Designation”, or quality control procedures,the de novo classification procedure. This procedure allows a manufacturer whose novel device is automatically classified into Class III to request down-classification of its medical device into Class I or changes inClass II on the design performance specifications, which affect the safety or effectiveness ofbasis that the device requirepresents low or moderate risk, rather than requiring the submission and approval of a PMA supplement. PMA supplements often require submissionapplication. Prior to the enactment of the same type of information asFood and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, or FDASIA, in July 2012, a PMA, exceptmedical device could only be eligible for de novo classification if the manufacturer first submitted a 510(k) pre-market notification and received a determination from the FDA that the supplementdevice was not substantially equivalent. FDASIA streamlined the de novo classification pathway by permitting manufacturers to request de novo classification directly without first submitting a 510(k) pre-market notification

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to the FDA and receiving a not-substantially-equivalent determination. Under FDASIA, FDA is limitedrequired to information needed to support any changes fromclassify the device covered by the original PMA and may not require as extensive clinical data or the convening of an advisory panel. Certain other changes to an approved device require the submission of a new PMA, such as when the design change causes a different intended use, mode of operation, and technical basis of operation, or when the design change is so significant that a new generationwithin 120 days following receipt of the device will be developed, andde novo request, although the dataprocess may take significantly longer. If the manufacturer seeks reclassification into Class II, the manufacturer must include a draft proposal for special controls that were submitted with the original PMA are not applicable for the change in demonstratingnecessary to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Noneeffectiveness of our products are currentlythe medical device.
If FDA grants the de novo request, the device may be legally marketed pursuantin the United States. However, the FDA may reject the request if the FDA identifies a legally marketed predicate device that would be appropriate for a 510(k) notification, determines that the device is not low-to-moderate risk, or determines that general controls would be inadequate to control the risks and/or special controls cannot be developed. After a PMA.

device receives de novo classification, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or efficacy, or that would constitute a major change or modification in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or, depending on the modification, another de novo request or even PMA approval.

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are almost always required to support a PMA or a de novo request and are sometimes required to support a 510(k) submission. All clinical investigations of devices to determine safety and effectiveness must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s investigational device exemption, or IDE, regulations which govern investigational device labeling, prohibit promotion of the investigational device, and specify an array of recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring responsibilities of study sponsors and study investigators. If the device presents a “significant risk,”risk” to human health, as defined by the FDA, the FDA requires the device sponsor to submit an IDE application to the FDA, which must become effective prior to commencing human clinical trials. If the device under evaluation does not present a significant risk to human health, then the device sponsor is not required to submit an IDE application to the FDA before initiating human clinical trials, but must still comply with abbreviated IDE requirements when conducting such trials. A significant risk device is one that presents a potential for serious risk to the health, safety or welfare of a patient and either is implanted, used in supporting or sustaining human life, substantially important in diagnosing, curing, mitigating or treating disease or otherwise preventing impairment of human health, or otherwise presents a potential for serious risk to a subject. An IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as

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animal and laboratory test results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically sound. The IDE will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA unless the FDA notifies the companyus that the investigation may not begin. If the FDA determines that there are deficiencies or other concerns with an IDE for which it requires modification, the FDA may permit a clinical trial to proceed under a conditional approval.

Regardless of the degree of risk presented by the medical device, clinical studies must be approved by, and conducted under the oversight of, an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for each clinical site. The IRB is responsible for the initial and continuing review of the IDE, and may pose additional requirements for the conduct of the study. If an IDE application is approved by the FDA and one or more IRBs, human clinical trials may begin at a specific number of investigational sites with a specific number of patients, as approved by the FDA. If the device presents a non-significant risk to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for the trial by one or more IRBs without separate approval from the FDA, but must still follow abbreviated IDE requirements, such as monitoring the investigation, ensuring that the investigators obtain informed consent, and labeling and record-keeping requirements. Acceptance of an IDE application for review does not guarantee that the FDA will allow the IDE to become effective and, if it does become effective, the FDA may or may not determine that the data derived from the trials support the safety and effectiveness of the device or warrant the continuation of clinical trials. An IDE supplement must be submitted to, and approved by, the FDA before a sponsor or investigator may make a change to the investigational plan that may affect its scientific soundness, study plan or the rights, safety or welfare of human subjects.

During a study, the sponsor is required to comply with the applicable FDA requirements, including, for example, trial monitoring, selecting clinical investigators and providing them with the investigational plan, ensuring IRB review, adverse event reporting, record keeping and prohibitions on the promotion of investigational devices or on making safety or effectiveness claims for them. The clinical investigators in the clinical study are also subject to FDA’s regulations and must obtain patient informed consent, rigorously follow the investigational plan and study protocol, control the disposition of the investigational device, and comply with all reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Additionally, after a trial begins, we,the sponsor, the FDA or the IRB could suspend or
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terminate a clinical trial at any time for various reasons, including a belief that the risks to study subjects outweigh the anticipated benefits.

Post-market (Ongoing) Regulation

After a device is cleared or approved for marketing, numerous and pervasive regulatory requirements continue to apply. These include:

establishment registration and device listing with the FDA;

QSR requirements, which require manufacturers, including third-party manufacturers, to follow stringent design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during all aspects of the design and manufacturing process;

labeling regulations and FDA prohibitions against the promotion of investigational products, or the promotion of “off-label” uses of cleared or approved products;

requirements related to promotional activities;

clearance or approval of product modifications to 510(k)-cleared devices or devices authorized through the de novo process that could significantly affect safety or effectiveness or that would constitute a major change in intended use of one of our cleared devices, or approval of certain modifications to PMA-approved devices;

medical device reporting regulations, which require that a manufacturer report to the FDA if a device it markets may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned and the device or a similar device that it markets would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, if the malfunction were to recur;

correction, removal and recall reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA that may present a risk to health;

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the FDA’s recall authority, whereby the agency can order device manufacturers to recall from the market a product that is in violation of governing laws and regulations;and

post-market surveillance activities and regulations, which apply when deemed by the FDA to be necessary to protect the public health or to provide additional safety and effectiveness data for the device.

Manufacturing processes for medical devices are required to comply with the applicable portions of the QSR, which cover the methods and the facilities and controls for the design, manufacture, testing, production, processes, controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, distribution, installation and servicing of finished devices intended for human use. The QSR also requires, among other things, maintenance of a device master file, device history file, and complaint files. As a manufacturer, weManufacturers are subject to periodic scheduled or unscheduled inspections by the FDA. Failure to maintain compliance with the QSR requirements could result in the shut- down of, or restrictions on, manufacturing operations and the recall or seizure of marketed products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.products. The discovery of previously unknown problems with any of our products, including unanticipated adverse events or adverse events of increasing severity or frequency, whether resulting from the use of the device within the scope of its clearance or off-label by a physician in the practice of medicine, could result in restrictions on the device, including the removal of the product from the market or voluntary or mandatory device recalls.

The FDA has broad regulatory compliance and enforcement powers. If the FDA determines that a manufacturer has failed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it can take a variety of compliance or enforcement actions, which may result in any of the following sanctions:

warning letters, untitled letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;

recalls, withdrawals, or administrative detention or seizure of our products;

operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;

refusing or delaying requests for 510(k) marketing clearance or PMA approvals of new products or modified products;

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withdrawing 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals that have already been granted;

refusal to grant export approvals for our products; or

criminal prosecution.

Regulation of Medical Devices in the European Union

The European Union has adopted specific directives regulating the design, manufacture, clinical investigations, conformity assessment, labeling and adverse event reporting for medical devices. EU directives must be implemented into the national laws of the EU member states and national laws may vary from one member state to another.

In the EU, there is currently no premarket government review of medical devices. However, the EU requires that all medical devices placed on the market in the EU must meet the relevant essential requirements laid down in Annex I of Council Directive 93/42/EEC, or the EU Medical Devices Directive. The most fundamental essential requirement is that a medical device must be designed and manufactured in such a way that it will not compromise the clinical condition or safety of patients, or the safety and health of users and others. In addition, the device must achieve the performances intended by the manufacturer and be designed, manufactured, and packaged in a suitable manner. The European Commission has adopted various standards applicable to medical devices. These include standards governing common requirements, such as sterilization and safety of medical electrical equipment and product standards for certain types of medical devices. There are also harmonized standards relating to design and manufacture. While not mandatory, compliance with these standards is viewed as the easiest way to satisfy the essential requirements as a practical matter. Compliance with a standard developed to implement an essential requirement also creates a rebuttable presumption that the device satisfies that essential requirement.

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To demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements laid down in Annex I to the EU Medical Devices Directive, medical device manufacturers must undergo a conformity assessment procedure, which varies according to the type of medical device and its (risk) classification. Conformity assessment procedures require an assessment of available clinical evidence, literature data for the product, and post-market experience in respect of similar products already marketed. Except for low-risk medical devices (Class I non-sterile, non-measuring devices), where the manufacturer can self-declare the conformity of its products with the essential requirements (except for any parts which relate to sterility or metrology), a conformity assessment procedure requires the intervention of a Notified Body. Notified Bodies are often separate entities and are authorized or licensed to perform such assessments by government authorities. The Notified Body would typically audit and examine a product’s technical dossiers and the manufacturers’ quality system. If satisfied that the relevant product conforms to the relevant essential requirements, the Notified Body issues a certificate of conformity, which the manufacturer uses as a basis for its own declaration of conformity. The manufacturer may then apply the CE Mark to the device, which allows the device to be placed on the market throughout the EU.

As a general rule, demonstration of conformity of medical devices and their manufacturers with the essential requirements must be based, among other things, on the evaluation of clinical data supporting the safety and performance of the products during normal conditions of use. Specifically, a manufacturer must demonstrate that the device achieves its intended performance during normal conditions of use, that the known and foreseeable risks, and any adverse events, are minimized and acceptable when weighed against the benefits of its intended performance, and that any claims made about the performance and safety of the device are supported by suitable evidence. All manufacturers placing medical devices into the market in the EU must comply with the EU Medical Device Vigilance System. Under this system, incidents must be reported to the relevant authorities of the EU member states, and manufacturers are required to take Field Safety Corrective Actions, or FSCAs, to reduce a risk of death or serious deterioration in the state of health associated with the use of a medical device that is already placed on the market. An incident is defined as any malfunction or deterioration in the characteristics and/or performance of a device, as well as any inadequacy in the labeling or the instructions for use which, directly or indirectly, might lead to or might have led to the death of a patient or user or of other persons or to a serious deterioration in their state of health. An FSCA may include the recall, modification, exchange, destruction or retrofitting of the device. FSCAs must be communicated by the manufacturer or its legal representative to its customers and/or to the end users of the device through Field Safety Notices.

On May 25, 2017, the EU Medical Devices Regulation (Regulation 2017/745) entered into force, which repeals and replaces the EU Medical Devices Directive. Unlike directives, which must be implemented into the national laws of the EU member states, regulations are directly applicable, without the need for adoption of EU member state laws implementing them, in all EU member states and are intended to eliminate current differences in the regulation of medical devices among EU member states. The Medical Devices Regulation, among other things, is intended to establish a uniform, transparent, predictable and sustainable regulatory framework across the EU for medical devices and ensure a high level of safety and health while supporting innovation.

The Medical Devices Regulation was originally intended to become effective three years after publication, but in April 2020, the transition period was extended by the European Parliament and the Council of the EU by an additional year – until May 26, 2021. Devices lawfully placed on the market pursuant to the EU Medical Devices Directive prior to May 26, 2021 may generally continue to be made available on the market or put into service until May 26, 2025. Once effective, the new regulations will among other things:

Strengthen the rules on placing devices on the market and reinforce surveillance once they are available;

Establish explicit provisions on manufacturers’ responsibilities for the follow-up of the quality, performance and safety of devices placed on the market;

Improve the traceability of medical devices throughout the supply chain to the end-user or patient through a unique identification number;

Set up a central database to provide patients, healthcare professionals and the public with comprehensive information on products available in the European Union, or EU; and

Strengthen the rules for the assessment of certain high-risk devices, which may have to undergo an additional check by experts before they are placed on the market.

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These modifications may have an effect on the way we design and manufacture products and how we conduct our business in the EEAEU.

The aforementioned EU rules are generally applicable in the European Economic Area, or EEA, which consists of the 27 EU member states plus Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland.

Following the end of the “Brexit” Transition Period, from 1 January 2021 onwards, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) will be responsible for the UK medical device market. The new regulations will require medical devices to be registered with the MHRA (but manufacturers will be given a grace period of four to 12 months to comply with the new registration process). Manufacturers based outside the UK will need to appoint a UK Responsible Person to register devices with the MHRA in line with the grace periods. By July 1, 2023, in the UK (England, Scotland, and Wales), all medical devices will require a UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) mark but CE marks issued by EU Notified Bodies will remain valid until this time. However, UKCA marking alone will not be recognized in the EU. The rules for placing medical devices on the Northern Ireland market will differ from those in the UK.

Healthcare Regulatory Laws

Within the United States, our products and our customers are subject to extensive regulation by a wide range of federal and state agencies that govern business practices in the medical device industry. These laws include federal and state anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, false claims, transparency and anti-corruption statutes and regulations. Internationally, other governments also impose regulations in connection with their healthcare reimbursement programs and the delivery of healthcare items and services.

U.S. federal healthcare fraud and abuse laws generally apply to our activities because our products are covered under federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. The Anti-Kickback Statute is particularly relevant because of its broad applicability. Specifically, the Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons or entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving, or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for, or to induce, either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, arranging for or recommending a good or service for which payment may be made in whole or part under federal healthcare programs, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the Anti-Kickback Statute or specific intent in order to violate it. The term remuneration has been interpreted broadly to include anything of value. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution. The exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly and practices that involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchasing, or recommending may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make the conduct per se illegal under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on a cumulative review of all of its facts and circumstances.

Many states have adopted laws similar to the Anti-Kickback Statute. Some of these state prohibitions apply to referral of patients for healthcare items or services reimbursed by any payor, not only the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Insurance companies may also bring a private cause of action for treble damages against a manufacturer for a pattern of causing false claims to be filed under the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO.

Another development affecting the healthcare industry is the increased use of the federal Civil False Claims Act and, in particular, actions brought pursuant to the False Claims Act’s “whistleblower” or “qui tam” provisions. The False Claims Act imposes liability on any person or entity that, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal healthcare program. The qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring actions on behalf of the federal government alleging that the defendant has submitted a false claim to the federal government, and to share in any monetary recovery. In recent years, the number of suits brought against healthcare providers by private individuals has increased dramatically. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act. Various states have also enacted false claim laws analogous to the Civil False Claims Act,

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although many of these state laws apply where a claim is submitted to any third-party payor and not merely a federal healthcare program.

The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HIPAA, among other things, created two new federal crimes: healthcare fraud and false statements relating to healthcare matters. The HIPAA healthcare fraud statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private payors. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment and/or exclusion from government sponsored programs. The HIPAA false statements statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or representation in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback
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Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of these statutes or specific intent in order to violate them.

Additionally, the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act and its implementing regulations, require that certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biological and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid, or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) annually report information related to certain payments or other transfers of value made or distributed to physicians (as defined by statute), certain other healthcare providers beginning in 2022non-physician practitioners and teaching hospitals, certain ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members.

Additional laws and regulations have also been enacted by the federal government and various states to regulate the sales and marketing practices of medical device and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The laws and regulations generally limit financial interactions between manufacturers and healthcare providers; require pharmaceutical and medical device companies to comply with voluntary compliance standards issued by industry associations and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the U.S. federal government; and/or require disclosure to the government and/or public of financial interactions (so-called “sunshine laws”). Many of these laws and regulations contain ambiguous requirements or require administrative guidance for implementation.

Given the lack of clarity in laws and their implementation, our activities could be subject to the penalty provisions of the pertinent federal and state laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal and state healthcare laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including without limitation, civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, injunctions, private “qui tam” actions brought by individual whistleblowers in the name of the government, or refusal to allow us to enter into government contracts, contractual damages, reputational harm, administrative burdens, diminished profits and future earnings, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.

Coverage Please refer to “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” for information regarding a civil investigative demand (“CID”) we received from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, in connection with an investigation under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and Reimbursement

SalesCivil False Claims Act.

Foreign Regulation
General
International sales of medical devices are subject to a variety of foreign government regulations, which may vary substantially from country to country. We expect this global regulatory environment will continue to be complex and evolving, which could impact the cost, the time needed to approve, and our ability to maintain existing approvals or certifications or obtain future approvals or certifications for our products and require extensive compliance and monitoring obligations in the countries where we sell or distribute our products. In addition, our international operations, distribution and sales require us to comply with: the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions; U.S. and foreign export control, trade embargo and customs laws; U.S. and foreign tax laws; employment, immigration and labor laws; local intellectual property laws, which may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. law; and privacy laws such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Regulation of Medical Devices in the European Union
The European Union, or EU, has adopted specific directives and regulations regulating the design, manufacture, clinical investigation, conformity assessment, labeling and adverse event reporting for medical devices.
Until May 25, 2021, medical devices were regulated by Council Directive 93/42/EEC, or the EU Medical Devices Directive, which has been repealed and replaced by Regulation (EU) 2017/745, or the EU Medical Devices Regulation. Our current certificates have been granted under the EU Medical Devices Directive whose regime is described below. However, as of May 26, 2021, some of the EU Medical Devices Regulation requirements apply in place of the corresponding requirements of the EU Medical Devices Directive with regard to registration of
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economic operators and of devices, post-market surveillance and vigilance requirements. Pursuing the importation and subsequent marketing of our solutions in the EU requires that our devices be certified under the new regime set forth in the EU Medical Devices Regulation. We have obtained these new certifications for our ClotTriever system and our FlowSaver ancillary system, and we are currently in the process of obtaining them for the other products depend, in part,our portfolio.
Medical Devices Directive
Under the EU Medical Devices Directive, all medical devices placed on the extentmarket in the EU must meet the relevant essential requirements laid down in Annex I to which the procedures using our products are covered by third-party payors,EU Medical Devices Directive, including but not limited to the requirement that a medical device must be designed and manufactured in such as government healthcare programs, commercial insurancea way that, when used under the conditions and managed healthcare organizations. Third-party payors are increasingly limiting coveragefor the purposes intended, it will not compromise the clinical condition or safety of patients, or the safety and reducing reimbursements for medical productshealth of users and services.others. In addition, the U.S. government, state legislaturesdevice must in particular also achieve the performance intended by the manufacturer and foreign governments have continued implementing cost-containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coveragebe designed, manufactured, and reimbursement. Third-party payorspackaged in a suitable manner. The European Commission has adopted various standards applicable to medical devices. These include standards governing common requirements, such as sterilization and safety of medical electrical equipment and product standards for certain types of medical devices. There are increasingly challengingalso harmonized standards relating to design and manufacture. While not mandatory, compliance with these standards is viewed as the price, examiningeasiest way to satisfy the essential requirements as a practical matter as it creates a rebuttable presumption that the device satisfies that essential requirement.
To demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements laid down in Annex I to the EU Medical Devices Directive, medical necessitydevice manufacturers must undergo a conformity assessment procedure, which varies according to the type of medical device and reviewing the cost-effectivenessits (risk) classification. As a general rule, demonstration of conformity of medical devices and their manufacturers with the essential requirements must be based, among other things, on the evaluation of clinical data supporting the safety and performance of the products during normal conditions of use. Specifically, a manufacturer must demonstrate that the device achieves its intended performance during normal conditions of use, that the known and foreseeable risks, and any adverse events, are minimized and acceptable when weighed against the benefits of its intended performance, and that any claims made about the performance and safety of the device are supported by suitable evidence. Except for low-risk medical services,devices (Class I non-sterile, non-measuring devices), where the manufacturer can self-declare the conformity of its products with the essential requirements (except for any parts which relate to sterility or metrology), a conformity assessment procedure requires the intervention of a notified body. Notified bodies are independent organizations designated by EU member states to assess the conformity of devices before being placed on the market. A notified body would typically audit and examine a product’s technical dossiers and the manufacturers’ quality system (the notified body must presume that quality systems which implement the relevant harmonized standards – which is ISO 13485:2016 for Medical Devices Quality Management Systems – conform to these requirements). If satisfied that the relevant product conforms to the relevant essential requirements, the notified body issues a certificate of conformity, which the manufacturer uses as a basis for its own declaration of conformity. The manufacturer may then apply the CE mark to the device, which allows the device to be placed on the market throughout the EU.
Throughout the term of the certificate of conformity, the manufacturer will be subject to periodic surveillance audits to verify continued compliance with the applicable requirements. In particular, there will be a new audit by the notified body before it will renew the relevant certificate(s).
Medical Devices Regulation
On April 5, 2017, the EU Medical Devices Regulation was adopted with the aim of ensuring inter alia better protection of public health and patient safety. The EU Medical Devices Regulation establishes a uniform, transparent, predictable and sustainable regulatory framework across the EU for medical devices and ensures a high level of safety and health while supporting innovation. Unlike the EU Medical Devices Directive, the EU Medical Devices Regulation is directly applicable in EU member states without the need for member states to implement into national law. This aims at increasing harmonization across the EU. The EU Medical Devices Regulation became effective on May 26, 2021.

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The EU Medical Devices Regulation requires that before placing a device, other than a custom-made device, on the market, manufacturers (as well as other economic operators such as authorized representatives, importers and distributors) must register by submitting identification information to the electronic system (Eudamed), unless they have already registered. The information to be submitted by manufacturers (and authorized representatives) also includes the name, address and contact details of the person or persons responsible for regulatory compliance. The new EU Medical Device Regulation also requires that before placing a device, other than a custom-made device, on the market, manufacturers must assign a unique device identifier to the device and provide it along with other core data to the unique device identifier, or UDI, database. These new requirements aim at ensuring better identification and traceability of the devices. Each device – and as applicable, each package – will have a UDI composed of two parts: a device identifier, or UDI-DI, specific to a device, and a production identifier, or UDI-PI, to identify the unit producing the device. Manufacturers are also notably responsible for entering the necessary data on Eudamed, which includes the UDI database, and for keeping it up to date. The obligations for registration in Eudamed will become applicable at a later date (as Eudamed is not yet fully functional). Until Eudamed is fully functional, the corresponding provisions of the EU Medical Devices Directive continue to apply for the purpose of meeting the obligations laid down in the provisions regarding exchange of information, including, and in particular, information regarding registration of devices and economic operators.
All manufacturers placing medical devices on the market in the EU must comply with the EU medical device vigilance system which has been reinforced by the EU Medical Devices Regulation. Under this system, serious incidents and Field Safety Corrective Actions, or FSCAs, must be reported to the relevant authorities of the EU member states. These reports will have to be submitted through Eudamed – once functional – and aim to ensure that, in addition to questioningreporting to the relevant authorities of the EU member states, other actors such as the economic operators in the supply chain will also be informed. Until Eudamed is fully functional, the corresponding provisions of the EU Medical Devices Directive continue to apply. A serious incident is defined as any malfunction or deterioration in the characteristics or performance of a device made available on the market, including use-error due to ergonomic features, as well as any inadequacy in the information supplied by the manufacturer and any undesirable side-effect, which, directly or indirectly, might have led or might lead to the death of a patient or user or of other persons or to a temporary or permanent serious deterioration of a patient's, user's or other person's state of health or a serious public health threat. Manufacturers are required to take FSCAs defined as any corrective action for technical or medical reasons to prevent or reduce a risk of a serious incident in relation to a device made available on the market. An FSCA may include the recall, modification, exchange, destruction or retrofitting of the device. FSCAs must be communicated by the manufacturer or its legal representative to its customers and/or to the end users of the device through Field Safety Notices. For similar serious incidents that occur with the same device or device type and for which the root cause has been identified or a FSCA implemented or where the incidents are common and well documented, manufacturers may provide periodic summary reports instead of individual serious incident reports.
The advertising and promotion of medical devices is subject to some general principles set forth in EU legislation. According to the EU Medical Devices Regulation, only devices that are CE-marked may be marketed and advertised in the EU in accordance with their intended purpose and as further stipulated in the EU Medical Device Regulation.
EU Directive 2006/114/EC concerning misleading and comparative advertising and Directive 2005/29/EC on unfair commercial practices, while not specific to the advertising of medical devices, also apply to the advertising thereof and contain general rules, for example, requiring that advertisements are evidenced, balanced and not misleading. As the before named Directives are to be implemented in the respective EU member states, specific requirements are defined at a national level and may vary throughout the EU. EU member states’ laws related to the advertising and promotion of medical devices, which vary between jurisdictions, may limit or restrict the advertising and promotion of products to the general public and may impose limitations on promotional activities with healthcare professionals.
Many EU member states have adopted specific anti-gift statutes that further limit commercial practices for medical devices, in particular vis-à-vis healthcare professionals and medical organizations. Additionally, there has been a recent trend of increased regulation of payments and transfers of value provided to healthcare professionals or entities and many EU member states have adopted national “Sunshine Acts” which impose reporting and transparency requirements (often on an annual basis), similar to the requirements in the United
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States, on medical device manufacturers. Certain countries also mandate implementation of commercial compliance programs.
In the EU, regulatory authorities have the power to carry out announced and, if necessary, unannounced inspections of companies, as well as suppliers and/or sub-contractors and, where necessary, the facilities of professional users. Failure to comply with regulatory requirements (as applicable) could require time and resources to respond to the regulatory authorities’ observations and to implement corrective and preventive actions, as appropriate. Regulatory authorities have broad compliance and enforcement powers and if such issues cannot be resolved to their satisfaction can take a variety of actions, including untitled or warning letters, fines, consent decrees, injunctions, or civil or criminal penalties.
The aforementioned EU rules are generally applicable in the European Economic Area, or EEA, which consists of the 27 EU Member States plus Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland.
Brexit
Since January 1, 2021, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, or MHRA, has become the sovereign regulatory authority responsible for Great Britain (i.e. England, Wales and Scotland) medical device market according to the requirements provided in the Medical Devices Regulations 2002 (SI 2002 No 618, as amended) that sought to give effect to the three pre-existing EU directives governing active implantable medical devices, general medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices whereas Northern Ireland continues to be governed by EU rules according to the Northern Ireland Protocol. Following the end of the Brexit transitional period on January 1, 2021, new regulations require all medical devices to be registered with the MHRA before being placed on the Great Britain market. The MHRA only registers devices where the manufacturer or their United Kingdom, or UK, Responsible Person has a registered place of business in the UK. From January 1, 2022, manufacturers based outside the UK need to appoint a UK Responsible Person that has a registered place of business in the UK to register devices with the MHRA.
On June 26, 2022, the MHRA published its response to a 10-week consultation on the post-Brexit regulatory framework for medical devices and diagnostics. MHRA seeks to amend the UK Medical Devices Regulations 2002 (which are based on EU legislation, primarily the EU Medical Devices Directive and the EU In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Directive 98/79/EC), in particular to create new access pathways to support innovation, create an innovative framework for regulating software and artificial intelligence (AI) as medical devices, reform IVD regulation, and foster sustainability through the reuse and remanufacture of medical devices. Regulations implementing the new regime were originally scheduled to come into force in July 2023, but have recently been postponed to beyond July 30, 2023.
Legislation enables CE marked medical devices to be placed on the Great Britain market to the following timelines:
general medical devices compliant with the EU medical devices directive (EU MDD) or EU active implantable medical devices directive (EU AIMDD) with a valid declaration and CE marking can be placed on the Great Britain market up until the sooner of the expiry of the certificate or June 2028;
in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDs) compliant with the EU in vitro diagnostic medical devices directive (EU IVDD) can be placed on the Great Britain market up until the sooner of the expiry of the certificate or 30 June 2030, and
general medical devices, including custom-made devices, compliant with the EU medical devices regulation (EU MDR) and IVDs compliant with the EU in vitro diagnostic medical devices regulation (EU IVDR) can be placed on the Great Britain market up until 30 June 2030.
In the beginning of 2023, the MHRA announced that medical device certificates that have been extended in the EU by Regulation (EU) 2023/607 (amendment to EU MDR) will also be recognized as valid for placing CE marked devices on the Great Britain market.

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Specifically, CE certificates issued by Notified Bodies under Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EC that had been issued from May 25, 2017 and were still valid on May 26, 2021, will be extended to either December 31, 2027 (for Class III and certain Class IIb implantable devices) or December 31, 2028 (for other Class IIb, Class IIa, Class Im, Is and Ir devices), subject to certain conditions, by Regulation 2023/607.
The extension also applies to CE certificates that expired before March 20, 2023, subject to meeting one of the conditions set out in the EU amendment. Certifications that were due to expire after March 19, 2023 will now expire at the end of the relevant transition period.
Following these transitional periods, it is expected that all medical devices will require a UK Conformity Assessed (“UKCA”) mark. Manufacturers may choose to use the UKCA mark on a voluntary basis until June 30, 2023. However, UKCA marking will not be recognized in the EU. The rules for placing medical devices on the market in Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK, differ from those in the rest of the UK. Compliance with this legislation is a prerequisite to be able to affix the UKCA mark to our products, without which they cannot be sold or marketed in Great Britain.
In addition, the Trade Deal between the UK and the EU generally provides for cooperation and exchange of information between the parties in the areas of product safety and efficacy. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controlscompliance, including market surveillance, enforcement activities and measures, standardization-related activities, exchanges of officials, and coordinated product recalls. As such, processes for compliance and reporting should reflect requirements from regulatory authorities.
United States and Foreign Data Privacy and Security Laws
Numerous state, federal and foreign laws, regulations and standards govern the collection, use, access to, confidentiality and security of health-related and other personal information and could further limitapply now or in the future to our net sales and results.

Moreover,operations or the process for determining whether a third-party payor will provide coverage for a product or procedure may be separate from the process for establishing the reimbursement rate that such a payor will pay for the product or procedure. A payor’s decision to provide coverage for a product or procedure does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Further, one payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product or procedure does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage for the product or procedure. Adequate

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third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to ensure profitability.

Healthcare Reform

operations of our partners. In the United States, and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been, and we expect there will continue to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system. In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or ACA, was signed into law and substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers in the United States. The ACA contains a number of provisions, including those governing enrollment in federal healthcare programs, reimbursement adjustments and fraud and abuse changes. Additionally, the ACA provided incentives to programs that increase the federal government’s comparative effectiveness research, and implemented payment system reforms including a national pilot program on payment bundling to encourage hospitals, physicians and other providers to improve the coordination, quality and efficiency of certain healthcare services through bundled payment models. Since its enactment, there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in the future.

Other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the U.S. since the ACA was enacted, including aggregate reductions of Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year which has been suspended from May 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021, and reduced payments to several types of Medicare providers. Moreover, there has recently been heightened governmental scrutiny, including increasing legislative and enforcement interest, over the manner in which manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several Congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted legislation designed, among other things, to bring more transparency to product pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for products. Individual states in the United States have also become increasingly active in implementing regulations designed to control product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures and, in some cases, mechanisms to encourage importation from other countries. Furthermore, there has been increased interest by third party payors and governmental authorities in reference pricing systems and publication of discounts and list prices.

Data Privacy and Security

Medical device companies may be subject to U.S.numerous federal and state health information privacy, securitylaws and regulations, including data breach notification laws, which mayhealth information privacy and security laws and consumer protection laws and regulations govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information. Entities that are found to be in violation of HIPAA as the result of a breach of unsecured PHI, a complaint about privacy practices or an audit by HHS, may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative fines and penalties and/or additional reporting and oversight obligations if required to enter into a resolution agreement and corrective action plan with HHS to settle allegations of HIPAA non-compliance.

In addition, certain state and foreign laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, some of whichpersonal data, including health-related data. Privacy and security laws, regulations, and other obligations are more stringent than HIPAA and many of which differ fromconstantly evolving, may conflict with each other with these laws, where applicable,to complicate compliance efforts, and can result in the imposition ofinvestigations, proceedings, or actions that lead to significant civil and/or criminal penalties and private litigation. For example, California recently enacted legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which went into effect January 1, 2020. The CCPA, among other things, creates new data privacy obligations for covered companies and provides new privacy rights to California residents, including the right to opt out of certain disclosures of their information. The CCPA also creates a private right of action with statutory damages for certain data breaches, thereby potentially increasing risks associated with a data breach. Although the law includes limited exceptions, including for “protected health information” maintained by a covered entity or business associate, it may regulate or impact our processing of personal information depending on the context. Further, the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA, recently passed in California. The CPRA will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights processes, limitationsrestrictions on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It will also create a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations and could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. The majority of the provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may be required.

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Additionally, the EU also has laws and regulations dealing with the collection, use and processing of personal data obtained from individuals in the EU, namely the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR. These regulations are often more restrictive than those in the United States and may restrict transfers of personal data to the United States unless certain requirements are met. The GDPR provides that EU and European Economic Area, or EEA, member states may make their own further laws and regulations limiting the processing of genetic, biometric or health data, which could limit our ability to use and share personal data or could cause our costs to increase, and harm our business and financial condition. Failure to comply with these obligations could expose us to significant fines.

processing.

Human Capital Resources and Employees

We employ a growing and highly-skilled employee base across all employee functions and promote a culture focused on patient care in the treatment of VTE. Our key purpose is to serveserving and improveimproving the quality of life of these patients, our patients. We believe that removing clotour solutions can have a profound impact on the lives of our patients over the short and long term, and that it is our responsibility to ensure as many of our patients as possible are treated safely effectively and, simply.effectively. We have implemented hiring and recruiting systemspractices to carefully select professionals who share our beliefs and goals. We believe that extraordinary outcomes are possible when a group of people commit, together, to ideas and purposes bigger than themselves and bigger than business. We pursue our key purpose with a team of people who commit themselves to a cause and to taking care of each other.

Our human capital objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting,aim to ground everything we do in our Ethos while attracting, developing and retaining incentivizing and integrating our existing and future employees.talent. The principal purposes of our equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate selected employees consultants and directors through the granting of stock-based compensation awards and cash-based performance bonus awards.

As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had 456approximately 1,300 employees. None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a trade or labor union. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.


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Available Information

We make our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, available free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been filed with the SEC. Our website address is www.inarimedical.com. Information on our website is not part of this report.Annual Report on Form 10-K. The SEC maintains a website that contains the materials we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider and read carefully all of the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making an investment decision. The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. The occurrence of any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your original investment. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements and estimates that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of specificmany factors, including the risks and uncertainties described below.

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A

Specific Risks Related to Our Business

and Solutions

We are an early-stage company with a history of significant net losses, we may incur operating losses in the future and we may not be able to sustain profitability.

We have incurred significant net losses since our original formation in 2011. We had net loss of $1.6 million in 2023 and net loss of $29.3 million in 2022. We plan to continue to invest to support the planned growth of the business and, as Inceptus Newco1 Inc. in July 2011 anda result of these investments, we may incur operating losses in future years. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we had a net income of $13.8 million and  net losses of $1.2 million and $10.2 million, respectively. We expect to incur additional losses in the future. As of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $27.4 million. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through equity and debt financings and from sales of our two products, the ClotTriever, for treatment of deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, and the FlowTriever, for treatment of pulmonary embolism, or PE. The losses and accumulated deficit have primarily been due to the substantial investments we have made to develop our products, costs related to our sales and marketing efforts, general research and development expenses, including costs related to clinical and regulatory initiatives to obtain marketing approval, and infrastructure improvements.

In addition, as a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. Accordingly, we expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future and we cannot assure you that we will be able to sustain profitability in the future. Our failure to sustain profitability in the future willmay make it more difficult to finance our business and accomplish our strategic objectives, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak

Our business is dependent upon the broad adoption of an infectious disease in the United States or worldwide, including the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, could adversely affect our business.

If a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease occurs in the United States or worldwide, our business may be adversely affected. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, SARS-CoV-2,solutions and the resulting disease, COVID-19, has spread to most countries, including all 50 states in the United States. In response to the pandemic, governmental authorities recommended, and in certain cases required, that elective, specialty and other procedures and appointments be suspended or canceled to avoid non-essential patient exposure to medical environments and potential infection with COVID-19 and to focus limited resources and personnel capacity toward the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In addition, since March 2020 numerous state and local governments have issued “stay at home” orders, some with tiered restrictions based on a region’s ICU availability. Such orders or restrictions resulted in reduced operations at our headquarters (including our manufacturing facility), work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions and cancellation of events. These orders and restrictions significantly decreased the number of procedures performed using our products during restricted periods, including March and April 2020 and early 2021, and otherwise negatively impacted our business, financial condition and results of operations, including new customer procurement and onboarding. We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has also negatively impacted the number of DVT and PE diagnoses asby hospitals, focus on COVID-19 and as patients postpone healthcare visits and treatments.

Decreases in procedures have been most prevalent in regions experiencing significant outbreaks. These measures and challenges will likely continue for the duration of the pandemic, which is uncertain, and will continue to significantly reduce our revenue and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations while the pandemic continues. Further, once the pandemic subsides, we anticipate there will be a substantial backlog of patients seeking appointments with physicians and surgeries to be performed at hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers relating to a variety of medical conditions, and as a result, patients seeking procedures performed using our products, particularly the ClotTriever, will have to navigate limited provider capacity. We believe this limited provider, hospital and ambulatory surgery center capacity could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations following the end of the pandemic.

Other disruptions or potential disruptions include restrictions on the ability of our sales representatives and other personnel to travel and access customers for training and case support; inability of our suppliers to manufacture components and parts and to deliver these to us on a timely basis, or at all; disruptions in our production schedule and ability to manufacture and assemble products; inventory shortages or obsolescence; delays in actions of regulatory bodies; delays in clinical trials and studies; diversion of or limitations on employee resources that would otherwise be focused on the operations of our business, including because of sickness of employees or their families or the desire of employees to avoid contact with groups of people; delays in growing or reductions in

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our sales organization, including through delays in hiring, lay-offs, furloughs or other losses of sales representatives; restrictions in our ability to ship our products to customers; business adjustments or disruptions of certain third parties, including suppliers, medical institutions and clinical investigators with whom we conduct business; negative impact on our customers’ credit profiles, which may adversely impact our future collection experience; and additional government requirements or other incremental mitigation efforts that may further impact our or our suppliers’ capacity to manufacture our products. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity and spread of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others.

While the potential economic impact brought by and the duration of any pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, may be difficult to assess or predict, the widespread COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and may in the future result in, significant disruption and volatility of global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital, which could in the future negatively affect our liquidity. In addition, a recession or market correction resulting from the spread of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, could materially affect our business. Such economic recession could have a material adverse effect on our long-term business as hospitals curtail and reduce capital and overall spending. In addition, the current pandemic resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant job losses and reductions in disposable incomes. If patients are unable to obtain or maintain health insurance policies, this may significantly impact their ability to pay for the procedures utilizing our products, further negatively impacting our business, financial condition and results of operations. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

Our revenue is currently generated from the sales of our two products and we are therefore highly dependent on the success of those products. We have limited commercial sales experience regarding our products, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business, predict our future prospects and forecast our financial performance and growth.

patients.

We began commercializing our productsFlowTriever and ClotTriever systems in the United States in 2017 and therefore do not have a long history operating as a commercial company. Overoutside of the next several years, weUnited States in 2021. We expect to continue to devote a substantial amount of resources to expand our commercialization efforts, drive increased adoption of our productssolutions and continue to develop new and improved products. Our limited commercialization experience and limited number of approved or cleared products make it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our future prospects. These factors also make it difficult for us to forecast our future financial performance and growth, and such forecasts are subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to successfully complete preclinical studies and clinical trials and obtain FDA pre-market approval for future planned products or changes to existing products.

solutions. To date, substantially all of our revenue has been derived, and we expect itfor the near term to continue to be substantiallysignificantly derived, from sales of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever.FlowTriever systems. We believe these productssystems have the potential to become the standard of care for the DVT and PE, the two diseases that comprisemaking up venous thromboembolism or VTE, namely DVTVTE. In November 2023, we completed the acquisition of LimFlow S.A., a medical device company focused on limb salvage for patients with no-option chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). The LimFlow system received FDA approval in September 2023 and PE. Physician awareness of, and experience with, our products is currently limited. As a result, our products have limited product and brand recognition withinlaunched commercially in the medical industry for the treatment of VTE. The relative novelty of our products, together with our limited commercialization experience, makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our future prospects. A number of factors, including some outside of our control, may contribute to fluctuationsU.S. in our financial results, including:

Physician and hospital demand for our products and adoption of our products and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures;

October 2023.

Changes in reimbursement rates by government or commercial payors;

Positive or negative media coverage, or public, patient and/or physician perception, of our products or competing products and treatments;

Any safety or effectiveness concerns that arise regarding our products or other catheter-based thrombectomy procedures;

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The effectiveness of our marketing and sales efforts, including our ability to have a sufficient number of talented sales representatives to sell our products;

Unanticipated delays in product development or product launches;

Our ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all, if needed to support the commercialization of our products;

Our ability to achieve and maintain compliance with all regulatory requirements applicable to our products;

Our ability to obtain, maintain and enforce our intellectual property rights;

Our third-party suppliers’ ability to supply the components of our products in a timely manner, in accordance with our specifications, and in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements; and

Introduction of new products or alternative treatments for VTE that compete with our products.

It is therefore difficult to predict our future financial performance and growth, and such forecasts are inherently limited and subject to a number of uncertainties. If our assumptions regarding the risks and uncertainties we face, which we use to plan our business, are incorrect or change due to circumstances in our business or our markets, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.

In addition, because we devote substantially all of our resources to our products and rely on our products as our sole source of revenue, any factors that negatively impact our products or result in a decrease in sales of products, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is dependent upon the broad adoption of our products and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures by hospitals, physicians and patients.

To date, a substantial majority of our product sales and revenue have been derived from a limited number of hospitals. Our future growth and profitability largely depend on our ability to increase physician and patient awareness of our productssolutions and on the willingness of physicians and hospitals to adopt our products and conduct catheter-based thrombectomy procedures for treatment of VTE. Physicians may not adopt our products unless they are able to determine, based on experience, clinical data, medical society recommendations and other analyses, that our products provide a safe and effective treatment alternative for VTE.solutions. Even if we are able to raise awareness among physicians, they may be slow in changing their medical treatment practices and may be hesitant to select our products or conduct catheter-based thrombectomy procedures for a variety of reasons, including:

Lack of experience with our productssolutions. Physicians and concerns that we are relatively new to market;

Perceived liability risk generally associated with the use of new products and treatment options;

Lack or perceived lack of sufficient clinical evidence, including long-term data, supporting clinical benefits or the cost-effectiveness of our products over existing treatments;

The failure of key opinion leaders to provide recommendations regarding our products, or to assure physicians, patients and healthcare payors of the benefits of our products as an attractive alternative to other treatment options;

Perception that our products are unproven;

Long-standing relationships with companies and distributors that sell other products or treatment options for VTE, such as repurposed arterial devices and thrombolytic drugs;

Lack of availability of adequate third-party payor coverage or reimbursement;

Competitive response and negative selling efforts from providers of alternative treatments; and

Perception regarding the time commitment and skill development that may be required to gain familiarity and proficiency with our products.

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To effectively market and sell our products, we will need to educate the medical community about the safety, efficacy, necessity and efficiency of our products and about the patient population that would potentially benefit from a catheter-based thrombectomy procedure using one of our products. We focus our sales, marketing and education efforts primarily on our treating physicians, including interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons, and also aim to educate and inform referring physicians, such as vascular surgeons, pulmonologists, radiologists, general practitioners and administrators regarding our products and the potential patient population. However, we cannot assure you that we will achieve broad education or market acceptance among these physicians. For example, if diagnosing physicians that serve as the primary point of contact for patients are not made aware of our products or catheter-based thrombectomy procedures, they may not refer patients to physicians for treatment using our products, and those patients may be treated with alternative procedures or treatments, such as anticoagulants alone or thrombolytic drugs. In addition, some physicians may choose to utilize our products on only a subset of their total patient population orhospitals may not adopt our products at all. If wesolutions unless they are not able to effectively demonstratedetermine, based on experience, clinical data, medical society recommendations and other analyses, that our productssolutions provide a safe and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures are beneficialeffective treatment alternative for a broad range of patients, adoption ofVTE, other venous diseases and CLTI. In addition, our products will be limitedcurrent and may not occur as rapidly as we anticipate or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that our products will achieve broad market acceptance among hospitals, physicians and patients. Any failure of our products to satisfy demand or to achieve meaningful market acceptance and penetration will harm our future prospects and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Adoption of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products requires approval by hospital value analysis committees, group purchasing organizations and integrated delivery networks, or the staff of hospitals or health systems.

In most cases, before physicians can use our products for the first time, our productsnew solutions must often be approved for use by hospital value analysis committees, group purchasing organizations and integrated delivery networks, or the staff of hospitals or health systems. Following such approval, we may be required to enter into a purchase contract. Such approvals or requirements to enter into a purchase contract could deter or delay the use of our productssolutions by physicians. We cannot provide assurance that our efforts to obtain such approvals enter into purchase contracts,and satisfy any other requirements or generate adoption will

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be successful or increase the use of our products,solutions, and if we are not successful, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Adoption of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products depends upon appropriate physician training, practice and patient selection.

The success of our products depends in part on the skill of the physician performing the catheter-based thrombectomy procedures and on their adherence to our stated patient selection criteria and proper techniques that we provide in training sessions. For example, we train physicians to ensure correct use of our products; however, physicians rely on their previous medical training and experience when performing catheter-based thrombectomy procedures, and we cannot guarantee that all such physicians will have the necessary skills or experience to safely and effectively perform these procedures. We do not control which physicians perform these procedures or how much training they receive, and physicians who have not completed our training sessions may nonetheless attempt to perform catheter-based thrombectomy procedures with our products. In addition, a perception by physicians that our products are difficult to use may negatively impact adoption. If physicians perform these procedures in a manner that is inconsistent with our labeled indications, with components that are not our products, with patients who are not indicated for treatment with our products or without adhering to or completing our training sessions, the patient outcomes may be negative or inconsistent with the outcomes achieved in our clinical trials. This could negatively impact the perception of patient benefits and safety associated with our products and limit adoption of our products and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures generally, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Adoption of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products depends upon positive clinical data, and the safety and efficacy of our products are not yet supported by long-term clinical data, which could limit sales, and our products might therefore prove to be less safe or effective than initially thought.

The rate of adoption and sales of our productssolutions is heavily influenced by clinical data. Currently, theThe primary sources of currently available clinical data regarding the safety and effectiveness of our products is limited to oursolutions are the FlowTriever Pulmonary Embolectomy Clinical Study, or FLARE study, which was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm study to evaluate

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the safety and effectiveness of our first-generation FlowTriever for use in the removal of clot from the pulmonary arteries in the treatment of 106 patients with acute intermediate-risk PE. Other studies have been conducted examining the safety, efficacy and feasibility of treatment using the FlowTriever. No clinical trials or studies have been completed using the ClotTriever. We are currently enrolling our ClotTriever Outcomes, or CLOUT, registry study, and the FlowTriever All-Comer Registry for Patient Safety and Hemodynamics, or FLASH, registries, eachregistry study, the ALPS and CLariTI registry studies, and the PROMISE series of which is intendedstudies of the LimFlow system for TADV in no-option CLTI patients. We previously announced the initiation of enrollment in two randomized controlled trials – PEERLESS, evaluating FlowTriever’s performance in patients with intermediate risk PE compared to evaluatethose treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis, and assess real-worldDEFIANCE, evaluating ClotTriever’s performance in patients with moderate to severe iliofemoral DVT as compared to conservative medical management alone. In November 2023, we enrolled the first patient outcomes in PEERLESS II, a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolling up to 500 patients. 1,200 patients at up to 100 centers that will compare the outcomes of patients with intermediate-risk PE treated with FlowTriever plus anticoagulation to those treated with traditional anticoagulation therapy alone.We plan to conduct additional clinical studies and trials to help drive increased awareness and adoption of our productssolutions with existing and new customers. Historical clinical results are not necessarily predictive of future clinical results, and we cannot assure you that the results reported in these registries will be consistent with, or better than, currently available clinical data. Moreover, theThe outcomes and updates resulting from these registries,studies and trials, including interim results, may not be compared to the results of other products and treatments for DVT or PE, and if the comparisons are not favorable it maywhich could limit the adoption of our products.solutions. In addition, our competitors and other third parties may also conduct clinical trials of our productssolutions without our participation. Unfavorable or inconsistent clinical data from existing or future clinical trialsstudies conducted by us, our competitors or other third parties, the interpretation of our clinical data or findings of new or more frequent adverse events, could subject us to mandatory or voluntary product recalls, suspension or withdrawal of FDA or other governmental clearance, approval or approval,certification, significant legal liability or harm to our business reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market for our solutions is highly competitive and our competitors may have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources than we do.
The medical device industry is highly competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by the introduction of new technologies and other activities of industry participants. For our VTE solutions, we compete with manufacturers of thrombolytic drugs, such as Roche, and with medical device companies that manufacture thrombectomy devices and systems used to treat vascular blockages. These systems include water jets, ultrasonic acoustic field generators, aspirators, catheters and others. Our primary medical device competitors are divisions of Penumbra, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Medtronic, AngioDynamics, Becton Dickinson, and Phillips, and multiple smaller companies that have single products or a limited range of products. There is growing interest in the treatment of VTE disease with catheter-based solutions, and there are a significant number of approved thrombectomy devices available or entering the market in the near term. As this interest continues to grow, we anticipate that this competition will be adoptedintensify. Competing technologies or therapies could demonstrate better safety, effectiveness, clinical results, lower costs or greater physician and market acceptance than our solutions. With respect to the LimFlow system, currently there are no commercially approved, comparable devices on the market. However, we currently compete with physicians' treatment decisions, such as amputation, and limited understanding of the availability of TADV as an FDA-approved treatment option.
In addition, we compete, or may compete in part, based on long-term data regarding patient outcomesthe future, against other companies which have longer, more established operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, sales, distribution and other resources, which may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration or improved operating results. These companies may enjoy several competitive advantages, including: established treatment patterns pursuant to which drugs are generally first-line or concurrent therapies for the treatment of VTE; established relationships with hospitals and physicians who prescribe their drugs or are familiar with existing interventional procedures for the treatment of VTE; established relationships with key stakeholders, including interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons, referring physicians, pulmonologists, radiologists, general practitioners and administrators; greater financial and human capital resources; significantly greater name recognition; additional lines of products, and the riskability to offer rebates or bundle offerings to offer greater discounts or incentives to gain a competitive advantage; and established sales, marketing and worldwide distribution networks.
As one of the major hurdles to adoption of our solutions is overcoming established treatment patterns, because of the size of the market opportunity for the treatment of DVT and PE, we believe current and potential future
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competitors will dedicate significant resources to aggressively promote their products relative to otheror develop new products or treatments. New treatment options. The long-term clinical outcomes of catheter-based thrombectomy proceduresoptions may be developed that could compete more effectively with our products are not known and,solutions due to the noveltyprevalence of VTE and other complex diseases and the research and technological progress that exist within the market.
With respect to our other solutions, including in Emerging Therapies, we are just entering the market and believe there are currently limited competitors offering purpose-built solutions.
We face a number of manufacturing risks that may adversely affect our manufacturing abilities.
We depend on our ability to manufacture our current and future solutions in sufficient quantities and on a timely basis to meet customer demand, while adhering to device quality standards, complying with regulatory quality system requirements and managing manufacturing costs. We have a facility located in Irvine, California, where we manufacture, assemble, inspect, test, package and ship all of our products, theresolutions other than the LimFlow system, which is no long-term data regarding patient outcomes beyond our current clinical trials. The results of short-term clinical experiencemanufactured, assembled, inspected, packaged and shipped by third-party contract manufacturers in Germany and Costa Rica and logistics providers. Other than the LimFlow system, we currently produce all of our productssolutions at the Irvine, California facility, and we do not necessarily predict long-term clinical outcomes. have additional facilities. If this facility suffers damage or destruction, including a force majeure event, this could materially impact our ability to operate.
In October 2023, we signed a lease and construction agreement for 185,000 square feet of land with options to lease additional land of 283,000 square feet in the Evolution Free Trade Zone in Costa Rica. The lease provides for, among other things, the construction of and option to purchase a manufacturing and distribution facility, which is expected to become operational in 2025.
We believeare also subject to numerous other risks relating to our manufacturing capabilities, including:
Quality and reliability of components, sub-assemblies, materials and services that physicianswe source from third-party suppliers, who are required to meet our quality specifications, many of whom are single source suppliers for the items and materials that they supply;
Our inability to secure components, sub-assemblies, materials or services in a timely manner, in sufficient quantities or on commercially reasonable terms;
Our inability or the inability of our suppliers to maintain compliance with quality system requirements or pass regulatory quality inspections;
Our failure or the failure of our suppliers to increase production capacity or volumes to meet demand;
Our inability to design or modify production processes to enable us to produce future solutions efficiently or implement changes in current solutions or manufacturing processes in response to design or regulatory requirements or interruptions, issues or delays involving suppliers; and
Difficulty identifying, qualifying, and obtaining new regulatory approvals for alternative suppliers for components or services in a timely manner.
As demand for our solutions and our development pipeline increases, we will compare the rates of long-term clinical outcomes for procedures usinghave to invest additional resources to purchase components, sub-assemblies and materials, services, hire and train employees and enhance and expand our products against alternative proceduresmanufacturing processes and treatment options.capabilities, including through additional manufacturing facilities. If the long-term data do not meet physicians’ expectations, or if long-term data indicate that our products are not as safe or effective as other treatment options, or as current short-term data would suggest, our products may not become widely adopted, physicians may recommend alternative treatments for their patients, which will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have limited experience in training and marketing and selling our products and we may provide inadequate training, fail to increase our production capacity efficiently, we may not be able to fill customer orders on a timely basis, our sales may not increase in line with our expectations and marketing capabilitiesour operating margins could fluctuate or faildecline. In addition, although some future solutions may share features, components, sub-assemblies and materials with our existing solutions, the manufacture of these components may require modification of our current production processes or unique production processes, the hiring of specialized employees, the identification of new suppliers for specific components, sub-assemblies and materials or the development of new manufacturing technologies. It may not be possible for us to develop broad brand awareness inmanufacture these solutions at a cost effective manner.

We have limited experience marketing and selling our products. We currently rely on our direct sales forceor in quantities sufficient to sell our products in targeted geographic regions and territories, and any failuremake them commercially viable or to maintain and grow our direct sales force could harm our business. The members of our direct sales force are trained and possess technical expertise, which we believe is critical in driving the awareness and adoption of our products. The members of our U.S. sales force are at-will employees. The loss of these personnel to competitors, or otherwise, could materially harm our business. If we are unable to retain our direct sales force personnel or replace them with individuals of equivalent expertise and qualifications, or if we are unable to successfully instill such expertise in replacement personnel, our product sales, revenue and results of operations could be materially harmed.

In order to generate future growth, we plan to continue to significantly expand and leverage our commercial infrastructure to increase our customer base and increase awareness and adoption by existing customers to drive our growth. Identifying and recruiting qualified sales and marketing professionals and training them on our products and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures in the venous system, on applicable federal and state laws and regulations and on our internal policies and procedures requires significant time, expense and attention. It can take several months or more before a sales representative is fully trained and productive. Our sales force may subject us to higher fixed costs than those of companies with competing products or treatments, such as thrombolytic drugs, that can utilize independent third parties, placing us at a competitive disadvantage. Our business may be harmed if our efforts to expand and train our sales force do not generate a corresponding increase in product sales and revenue, and our higher fixed costs may slow our ability to reduce costs in the face of a sudden decline in demand for our products. Any failure to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel, to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or timely reduce fixed costs, could have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our products will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to expand our sales and marketing and educational efforts. We plan to dedicate significant resources to our sales and marketing and educational programs. Our business may be harmed if these efforts and expenditures do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue. In addition, we believe that developing and maintaining broad awareness of our brand in a cost effective manner is critical to achieving broad acceptance of our products and reaching new physicians, hospitals and patients. Brand promotion activities may not generate hospital or physician awareness or increase revenue, and even if they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the costs and expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote, maintain and protect our brand, we may fail to attract or retain the market acceptance necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand building efforts, or to achieve the level of brand awareness that is critical for broad adoption of our products.

We manufacture and sell products that are used in a limited number of procedures and there is a limited total addressable market for our products. The sizes of the markets for our current products have not been established with precision, and may be smaller than we estimate.

In the United States, approximately 668,000 patients are diagnosed with DVT and approximately 400,000 patients are diagnosed with PE each year. Of these, we estimate that approximately 242,000 patients present with DVT in the iliofemoral region and 200,000 patients have PE severe enough to cause right heart strain. Historically, we estimate that only 32% of such DVT patients and 10% of such PE patients have received treatment for these conditions beyond conservative medical management using anticoagulants. However, based on FDA clearance and indications of use for our products, we believe that the approximately 242,000 DVT patients and 200,000 PE patients per year are potential candidates for treatment using our products. The total addressable market for our products is subject to change from year to year and may be further limited by FDA restrictions or more narrowly defined indications,operating margins, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our estimates

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We depend on a limited number of single source suppliers and third-party contract manufacturers, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations.
We rely on single source suppliers for many components, sub-assemblies and materials for our solutions. These components, sub-assemblies and materials are critical and, for certain items, there are relatively few alternative sources of supply. These single source suppliers may be unwilling or unable to supply the necessary materials and components or manufacture and assemble our solutions reliably and at the levels we anticipate or that are required by the market. We have experienced and may in the future experience delays resulting from longer production and delivery times due to global events, including the impact of the annual total addressable marketsCOVID-19 pandemic or other future global health crises. We cannot guarantee that our suppliers will in the future be able to meet our demand, either because of acts of nature, the regulatory climate in which our suppliers operate, the nature of our agreements with those suppliers or our relative importance to them as a customer, and our suppliers may decide in the future to discontinue or reduce the level of business they conduct with us.
Qualifying or obtaining necessary regulatory approvals takes considerable time and is costly, and we do not carry significant inventory. We cannot be certain that we will be available to qualify new suppliers when we need them, or that any alternative suppliers or providers would be able to provide the quantity and quality of components, materials and sterilization that we would need to manufacture and ship our solutions if our existing suppliers and providers were unable to satisfy our requirements. To utilize other sources, we would need to identify and qualify new providers to our quality standards and obtain any additional regulatory approvals required to change providers, which could result in manufacturing delays, increase our expenses and impact our ability to meet demand for our currentsolutions. During 2023, we contracted with a second sterilization service provider to minimize a portion of our single source supplier risk.
We also depend on third-party contract manufacturers and suppliers to manufacture, assemble and ship the LimFlow system. If one or more of these contract manufacturers or logistics providers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of finished products are based on a numbertimely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to find one or more replacement manufacturers capable of internalproduct at a substantially equivalent cost, in substantially equivalent volumes and third-party estimates, including, without limitation,quality, on a timely basis, we would likely be unable to meet demand for the numberLimFlow system and we would lose potential revenue.
Many of patientsour suppliers and contract manufacturers are not obligated to perform services or supply products for any specific period, in any specific quantity or at any specific price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. These suppliers and contract manufacturers may cease producing the products or components we purchase from them or otherwise decide to cease doing business with DVTus. If we fail to effectively manage our relationships with our suppliers and PE treatable by our products and the assumed prices at whichcontract manufacturers, we can sell our products in markets that have not yet been fully established.may be required to change suppliers or contract manufacturers. While we believe alternate suppliers and contract manufacturers exist for all materials, components and services necessary to manufacture our assumptionsproducts, establishing additional or replacement suppliers or contract manufacturers for any of these materials, components or services, if required, could be time-consuming, expensive and may result in interruptions in our operations and product delivery.
Even if we are able to find replacement suppliers or contract manufacturers, we will be required to verify that the data underlyingnew supplier maintains facilities, procedures and operations that comply with our estimates are reasonable,quality expectations and applicable regulatory requirements. Any of these assumptions and estimatesevents could require that we obtain a new regulatory authority approval before we implement the change, which could result in further delay or which may not be correctobtained at all. If our third-party suppliers or contract manufacturers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of materials on a timely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to find one or more replacement suppliers or contract manufacturers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost, volumes and quality on a timely basis, the continued commercialization of our products, the supply of our products to customers and the conditions supporting our assumptionsdevelopment of any future products will be delayed, limited or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable market for our current products may prove to be incorrect. If the actual number of patients who would benefit from our solution, the price atprevented, which we can sell our products, or the annual total addressable market for our products is smaller than wecould have estimated, it may impair our sales growth and negatively affectmaterial adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Catheter-based treatment for PE

We cannot assure you that we, our products, our component suppliers or our contract manufacturers comply or will continue to comply with all regulatory requirements. The failure by us or one of our suppliers or contract manufacturers to achieve or maintain compliance with these requirements or quality standards may disrupt our ability to supply products sufficient to meet demand until compliance is subjectachieved or, until a new supplier or contract manufacturer has been identified and evaluated. Our or any product or component supplier’s or contract manufacturer's failure to a Medicare National Coverage Determination that may restrict Medicare coverage for procedures using our FlowTriever product for the treatment of PE.

In 1983, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, adopted a National Coverage Determination, or NCD, for Transvenous Pulmonary Embolectomy, NCD 240.6. At that time, NCD 240.6 deemed catheter-based pulmonary embolectomycomply with applicable regulations could cause sanctions to be experimentalimposed onus,

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including warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure of regulatory authorities to grant marketing approval of our products, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals or clearances, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and non-covered by Medicare. There is currently uncertainty as to whether NCD 240.6 may apply to procedures using our FlowTriever product to treat PE. If NCD 240.6 is determined to exclude from Medicare coverage procedures that use our FlowTriever for the treatment of PE, there would be a material adverse effect on our business.

We understand that various medical societies, including the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, the Society for Interventional Radiology, and the Society for Vascular Medicine, as well as the American College of Cardiology, have requested that CMS remove NCD 240.6. We can give no assurance that NCD 240.6 will be removed or if so, what the timing will be. Further, CMS may elect to retain NCD 240.6 and Medicate Administrative Contractors, or MACs, could begin to deny coverage for procedures using our FlowTriever product for the treatment of PE,criminal prosecutions, which could resultharm our business. We cannot assure you that if we need to engage new suppliers or contract manufacturers to satisfy our business requirements, we can locate new suppliers or contract manufacturers in claim denialscompliance with regulatory requirements at a reasonable cost and overpayments for our customers and significantly impact demand for the FlowTriever, which wouldin an acceptable timeframe. Our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our dependence on third parties subjects us to a number of risks that could impact our ability to manufacture our solutions and harm our business, including:
Interruption of supply or sterilization resulting from modifications to, or discontinuation of, a third party’s operations;
Delays in shipments resulting from uncorrected defects, reliability issues or a third party’s failure to produce components or complete sterilizations that consistently meet our quality specifications;
Price fluctuations due to a lack of long-term supply arrangements with our third parties for key components or sterilization requirements;
Inability to obtain adequate supply or services in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms;
Difficulty identifying and qualifying alternative third parties for the supply of components or for sterilization of our solutions in a timely manner;
Inability of third parties to comply with applicable provisions of the FDA’s Quality System Regulations, or QSR, or other applicable laws or regulations enforced by the FDA, state or foreign regulatory authorities or notified bodies;
Inability to ensure the availability or quality of components manufactured or sterilization conducted by third parties;
Production delays related to the evaluation and testing of components and services from alternative third parties and corresponding regulatory qualifications; and
Delays in delivery by our suppliers and service providers.
The use, misuse or off-label use of our solutions may result in enforcement action by the FDA or injuries that lead to product liability suits or regulatory action, either of which could be expensive, divert management’s attention and harm our reputation and business.
Our solutions have been cleared by the FDA and certified by a notified body for specific indications and meet certain treatment parameters. If physicians expand the patient population in which they elect to use these solutions such that it is outside of the intended use that has been cleared by the FDA or certified by our notified body, then such use, misuse or off-label use of our solutions may result in outcomes and adverse events including death, potentially leading to product liability claims. Our VTE and other clot removal solutions are not indicated for use in all patients with VTE and the LimFlow system is not indicated for use in all patients with CLTI. Our solutions likewise are not indicated for the treatment of all diseases for which they could be used. Therefore, our solutions cannot be marketed or advertised in the United States and internationally for certain uses without additional clearances from the FDA or certifications by the applicable authority. However, we cannot prevent a physician from using our solutions for off-label applications or using components or services that are not our solutions when performing procedures with our solutions. There may be increased risk of injury to patients if physicians attempt to use our devices off-label. In addition, we cannot guarantee that physicians are trained by us or their peers prior to utilizing our solutions. Complications resulting from the use of our solutions off-label or use by physicians who have not been trained appropriately, or at all, may not effectively treat the applicable conditions and may expose us to product liability claims or litigation by our customers or their patients and may harm our reputation.
If the FDA or any foreign regulatory body determines that our promotional materials, activities or training constitute promotion of an off-label use, they could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or activities or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance or imposition of an
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untitled letter, which is used for violators that do not necessitate a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine or criminal penalties. It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities might take action under other regulatory authority, such as false claims laws, if they consider our business activities to constitute promotion of an off-label use, which could result in significant penalties, including, but not limited to, criminal, civil and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs and the curtailment of our operations. The federal government has levied large civil and criminal fines and/or other penalties against companies for alleged improper promotion and has investigated, prosecuted, and/or enjoined several companies from engaging in off-label promotion.
In addition, if our solutions are defectively designed, manufactured or labeled, contain defective components or are misused, we may become subject to costly litigation initiated by physicians, hospitals or patients. Product liability claims are especially prevalent in the medical device industry and could harm our reputation, divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend and may result in sizable damage awards against us. Although we maintain product liability insurance, we may not have sufficient insurance coverage for future product liability claims. We may not be able to obtain insurance in amounts or scope sufficient to provide us with adequate coverage against all potential liabilities. Any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, harm our reputation, significantly increase our expenses, and reduce sales. Product liability claims could cause us to incur significant legal fees and deductibles and claims in excess of our insurance coverage would be paid out of cash reserves, harming our financial condition and operating results.
We may not be able to maintain adequate levels of third-party coverage and reimbursement andor third parties may rescind or modify their coverage or delay payments related to our products.

solutions.

We derive our revenue from sales of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever productssolutions to hospitals and other medical centers, which typically bill all or a portion of the costs and fees associated with our products to various third-party payors, including Medicare, Medicaid, private commercial insurance companies, health maintenance organizations and other healthcare-related organizations and then bill patients for any applicable deductibles or co-payments. For example,the procedures in which our solutions are used. Because we sell our productssolutions to hospitals that purchase our productsthem for use in catheter-based thrombectomy and TADV procedures and do not sell our productssolutions to commercial payors. As a result,payors, access to adequate coverage and reimbursement for our productssolutions by third-party payors is essential to the acceptance and adoption of our products.

Coverage and reimbursement by governmental and third-party payors may depend upon a number of factors, including the determination that the product or service and its use or administration for a particular patient is:

a covered benefit;

solutions.

safe, effective and medically necessary;

appropriate for the specific patient;

supported by guidelines established by the relevant professional societies;

cost-effective; and

neither experimental nor investigational.

Our customers typically bill third-party payors for the costs and fees associated with the procedures in which our products are used. Because there is often no separate reimbursement for supplies used in surgical procedures, the additional cost associated with the use of our productssolutions can affect the profit margin of the hospital or surgery center where the procedure is performed. Some of our target customers may be unwilling to adopt our productssolutions in light of potential additional associated cost. In addition, customers that perform the procedure may be subject to reimbursement claim denials upon submission of the claim. Customers may also be subject to recovery of overpayments if a payor makes payment for the claim and subsequently determines that the payor’s coding, billing or coverage policies were not followed. These events, or any other decline in the amount payors are willing to reimburse our customers, could make it difficult for existing customers to continue using or to adopt our productssolutions and could create additional pricing pressure for us. If we are forced to lower the price we charge for our products,solutions, our gross margins will decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to grow our business.

Third-party payors, whetherincluding foreign, or domestic, or governmental orand commercial payors, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In addition, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our productssolutions exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our productssolutions can differ significantly from payor to payor. Obtaining coverage and reimbursement can be a time-consuming process that could require us to provide supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our products.solutions. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to satisfy governmental and third-party payors that procedures using our productssolutions should be covered and reimbursed.

Payors continually review new and existing technologies for possible coverage and can, without notice, deny or reverse coverage for new or existing productssolutions and procedures. There can be no assurance that third-party payor policies will provide coverage for procedures in which our productssolutions are used. For instance, if NCD 240.6 is determined to exclude Medicare coverage for procedures using FlowTriever for the treatment
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Further, we believe that future coverage and reimbursement may be subject to increased restrictions, such as additional prior authorization requirements, both in the United States and in international markets. If Medicare no longer covers any of our products,solutions, there would be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and

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results of operations. In addition, Medicare Administrative Contractors could issue a local coverage determination decision that could restrict the patients eligible for the treatment with our productssolutions or in another manner unfavorable to our business. Third-party coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our productssolutions or any of our productssolutions in development for which we may receive regulatory clearance, approval or approvalcertification may not be available or adequate in either the United States or international markets. Further, other VTE treatments, such as thrombolytic drugs, may be more widely covered or subject to different co-pay policies and requirements, which could impact demand for our products.solutions. If hospital, physician and/or patient demand for our productssolutions is adversely affected by third-party reimbursement policies and decisions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market for our products is highly competitive. Our competitors may

In addition, we expect state and federal healthcare policies and reform measures have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources than we do,recently been proposed and may be able to develop or market treatments that are safer, more effective or gain greater acceptance in the marketplace than our products.

The medical device industry is highly competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by the introduction of new products and technologies and other activities of industry participants. We compete with manufacturers of thrombolytic drugs, such as Roche, and with medical device companies that manufacture thrombectomy devices and systems used to treat vascular blockages. These systems include water jets, ultrasonic acoustic field generators, aspirators, catheters and others. Our primary medical device competitors are Boston Scientific Corporation, Penumbra, AngioDynamics, Teleflex, Shandong Weigao and smaller companies that have single products or a limited range of products. Some competitors offer products for mechanical and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures, many of which are existing products for the arterial system that have been retrofitted or adjusted for the venous system. These competing technologies, other products that are in current clinical trials, new drugs or additional indications for existing drugs could demonstrate better safety, effectiveness, clinical results, lower costs or greater physician and market acceptance than our products.

We compete, or may competeadopted in the future, againstany of which could limit reimbursement for healthcare products and services or otherwise result in reduced demand for our solutions or additional pricing pressure and have a material adverse effect on our industry generally and on our customers. We cannot predict what other healthcare programs and regulations will ultimately be implemented at the federal or state level or the effect of any future legislation or regulation in the United States may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, which have longer, more established operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, sales, distributionmanaged care organizations and other resources, which may prevent us from achieving significant market penetrationpayors of healthcare services to contain or improved operating results. These companies may enjoy several competitive advantages, including:

Established treatment patterns pursuant to which drugs are generally first-line or concurrent therapies for the treatmentreduce costs of VTE;

Established relationships with hospitals and physicians who prescribe their drugs or are familiar with existing interventional procedures for the treatment of VTE;

Established relationships with key stakeholders, including interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons, referring physicians, vascular surgeons, pulmonologists, radiologists, general practitioners and administrators;

Greater financial and human capital resources;

Significantly greater name recognition;

Additional lines of products, and the ability to offer rebates or bundle products to offer greater discounts or incentives to gain a competitive advantage; and

Established sales, marketing and worldwide distribution networks.

One of the major hurdles to adoption of our products will be overcoming established treatment patterns, which will require education of physicians and supportive clinical data. However, because of the size of the market opportunity for the treatment of DVT and PE, we believe current and potential future competitors will dedicate significant resources to aggressively promote their products or develop new products or treatments. New treatment options may be developed that could compete more effectively with our products due to the prevalence of VTE and the research and technological progress that exist within the market.

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We have limited experience manufacturing our products in commercial quantities and we face a number of manufacturing risks thathealthcare may adversely affect, our manufacturing abilities.

Our business strategy depends onamong other things, our ability to manufactureset a price that we believe produces adequate profit margins for our currentsolutions, our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability or the availability of capital. Any changes of, or uncertainty with respect to, future productscoverage or reimbursement rates could affect demand for our solutions, which in sufficient quantities and on a timely basis to meet customer demand, while adhering to product quality standards, complying with regulatory quality system requirements and managing manufacturing costs. We have a facility located in Irvine, California, where we manufacture, assemble, inspect, test, package and ship our products. We currently produce our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products at this facility, and we do not have additional facilities. If this facility suffers damage, or a force majeure event, thisturn could materially impact our ability to operate.

We are also subject to numerous other risks relating to our manufacturing capabilities, including:

Qualitysuccessfully commercialize these devices and reliability of components, sub-assemblies and materials that we source from third-party suppliers, who are required to meet our quality specifications, almost all of whom are single source suppliers for the items and materials that they supply;

Our inability to secure components, sub-assemblies and materials in a timely manner, in sufficient quantities or on commercially reasonable terms;

Our inability to maintain compliance with quality system requirements or pass regulatory quality inspections;

Our failure to increase production capacity or volumes to meet demand;

Our inability to design or modify production processes to enable us to produce future products efficiently or implement changes in current products in response to design or regulatory requirements; and

Difficulty identifying and qualifying, and obtaining new regulatory approvals, for alternative suppliers for components in a timely manner.

These risks are likely to be exacerbated by our limited experience with our current products and manufacturing processes. As demand for our products increases, we will have to invest additional resources to purchase components, sub-assemblies and materials, hire and train employees and enhance and expand our manufacturing processes and capabilities, including through additional manufacturing facilities. If we fail to increase our production capacity efficiently, we may not be able to fill customer orders on a timely basis, our sales may not increase in line with our expectations and our operating margins could fluctuate or decline. In addition, although some future products may share product features, components, sub-assemblies and materials with our existing products, the manufacture of these products may require modification of our current production processes or unique production processes, the hiring of specialized employees, the identification of new suppliers for specific components, sub-assemblies and materials or the development of new manufacturing technologies. It may not be possible for us to manufacture these products at a cost or in quantities sufficient to make these products commercially viable or to maintain current operating margins, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on a limited number of single source suppliers to manufacture our components, sub-assemblies and materials, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations.

We rely on single source suppliers for the vast majority of components, sub-assemblies and materials for our products, as well as to sterilize our final assembled products before they are shipped to customers. These components, sub-assemblies and materials are critical and, for certain items, there are relatively few alternative sources of supply. These single source suppliers may be unwilling or unable to supply the necessary materials and components or manufacture and assemble our products reliably and at the levels we anticipate or that are required by the market. While our suppliers have generally met our demand for their products and services on a timely basis in the past, we cannot guarantee that they will in the future be able to meet our demand for their products, either because of acts of nature, the nature of our agreements with those suppliers or our relative importance to them as a customer, and our suppliers may decide in the future to discontinue or reduce the level of business they conduct with us.

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We have not qualified or obtained necessary regulatory approvals for additional suppliers for most of these components, sub-assemblies and materials, and we do not carry a significant inventory of these items. While we believe that alternative sources of supply or sterilization may be available, we cannot be certain whether they will be available if and when we need them, or that any alternative suppliers or providers would be able to provide the quantity and quality of components, materials and sterilization that we would need to manufacture and ship our products if our existing suppliers and providers were unable to satisfy our requirements. To utilize other sources, we would need to identify and qualify new providers to our quality standards and obtain any additional regulatory approvals required to change providers, which could result in manufacturing delays and increase our expenses.

Our dependence on third-parties subjects us to a number of risks that could impact our ability to manufacture our products and harm our business, including:

Interruption of supply or sterilization resulting from modifications to, or discontinuation of, a third party’s operations;

Delays in product shipments resulting from uncorrected defects, reliability issues or a third party’s failure to produce components or complete sterilizations that consistently meet our quality specifications;

Price fluctuations due to a lack of long-term supply arrangements with our third parties for key components or sterilization requirements;

Inability to obtain adequate supply or services in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms;

Difficulty identifying and qualifying alternative third parties for the supply of components or for sterilization of our products in a timely manner;

Inability of third parties to comply with applicable provisions of the FDA’s Quality System Regulations, or QSR, or other applicable laws or regulations enforced by the FDA and state regulatory authorities;

Inability to ensureIf the quality of products manufacturedour solutions does not meet the expectations of physicians or sterilization conducted by third parties;

patients, then our brand and reputation or our business could be adversely affected.

Production delays related toIn the evaluation and testingcourse of products and services from alternative third parties and corresponding regulatory qualifications; and

Delaysconducting our business, we must adequately address quality issues that may arise with our solutions, including defects in delivery bythird-party components included in our suppliers and service providers.

solutions. Although we require our third-party suppliers and providershave established internal procedures designed to supply us with components and servicesminimize risks that meet our specifications and other applicable legal and regulatory requirements in our agreements and contracts, and we perform incoming inspection, testing or other acceptance activities to ensure the components meet our requirements, there is a risk that these third parties will not always act consistent with our best interests, and may not always supply components or provide services that meet our requirements or in a timely manner.

If we fail to comply with our obligations in our intellectual property licenses, including our agreements with Inceptus Medical LLC, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

We are a party to an amended and restated technology agreement with Inceptus Medical, LLC, or Inceptus, under which Inceptus has granted us a worldwide, exclusive (even as to Inceptus), royalty-free license to certain of its intellectual property related to the braiding technologies underlying its patent in the defined field of use for the treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature. In addition, we are party to a sublicense agreement with Inceptus, pursuant to which Inceptus has granted us a non-transferable, worldwide, exclusive sublicense to its patent rights related to the tubular braiding for the non-surgical removal of clots and, with respect to our ClotTriever, treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature, which rights were originally granted to Inceptus pursuant to an intellectual property license agreement with Drexel University. Both of our products use braiding technology. For example, our ClotTriever uses the sublicensed tubular braiding technology for the clot collection bag, which provides embolic protection and helps to secure and remove clot during procedures to treat DVT.

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These agreements impose, and we expect that any future license agreements will impose, certain diligence, royalty and other obligations on us. Pursuant to the sublicense agreement with Inceptus, we are obligated to pay a quarterly royalty, calculated as a low single-digit percentage of net sales of implantable and non-implantable licensed products, which includes our ClotTriever product, with a minimum quarterly payment amount of $1,500. Additionally, we are obligated to pay Inceptus a small administration fee within 30 days of the beginning of each quarter.

If we fail to comply with the terms and obligations of our intellectual property licenses, including the payment obligations described above, our rights may be reduced or terminated, in which eventarise from quality issues, we may not be able to developeliminate or sufficiently mitigate occurrences of these issues and market any product that is covered by our intellectual property licenses.associated liabilities. In addition, Inceptuseven in the absence of quality issues, we may terminatebe subject to claims and liability if the sublicense agreement if we cease bona fide development and commercialization of all licensed products for a period of six consecutive months. The sublicense agreement with Inceptus automatically terminates upon the termination of the intellectual property license agreement with Drexel University, and we cannot guarantee Inceptus’ compliance with the terms of such intellectual property license agreement. In the event of termination of the intellectual property license agreement with Drexel University, Drexel University will, in good faith, grant to us a direct license on terms no less favorable than those given to Inceptus by Drexel University by Inceptus. Termination of this license for failure to comply with such obligations or for other reasons, or reduction or eliminationperformance of our licensed rights under itsolutions does not meet the expectations of physicians or any other license, may result inpatients. If the quality of our having to negotiate newsolutions does not meet the expectations of physicians or reinstated licenses on less favorable termspatients, then our brand and reputation with those physicians or our not having sufficient intellectual property rights to operatepatients, and our business, or cause us to enter into a new license for a similar intellectual property or braiding technology. The occurrence of such events could materially harm our businessfinancial condition and financial condition.

The risks described elsewhere pertaining to our intellectual property rights also apply to the intellectual property rights that we in-license and sublicense, and any failure by us or our licensors, including Inceptus and Drexel University, to obtain, maintain, defend and enforce these rights could have a material adverse effect on our business. In some cases, including in the case of the intellectual property licensed to us by Inceptus and Drexel University, we do not have control over the prosecution, maintenance or enforcement of the intellectual property that we license or sublicense, and may not have sufficient ability to provide input into the prosecution, maintenance and defense process with respect to such intellectual property, and our licensors may fail to take the steps that we believe are necessary or desirable in order to obtain, maintain, defend and enforce the licensed intellectual property.

ClotTriever and FlowTriever involve risks and have contraindications, which may limit adoption.

Risks of catheter-based thrombectomy procedures with our products include the risks that are common to endovascular procedures, including perforation, dissection, embolization, bleeding, infection and nerve injury. DVT procedures also include the additional risks of causing PE. We are aware of certain characteristics and features of catheter-based thrombectomy procedures that may prevent widespread market adoption, including the fact that physicians would need to adopt and learn a new procedure, and that a degree of training for physicians will be required to enable them to effectively operate our products.

Our current products are contraindicated, and therefore should not be used, in certain circumstances for certain patients. Our ClotTriever is contraindicated for use without anticoagulation; use in the cerebral, carotid or coronary vasculature; use in the pulmonary arteries; use in endarterectomy procedures or vessel dilation; removal of fibrous, adherent or calcified material; use in vessels less than six millimeters in diameter; and use with power injectors. Our FlowTriever is contraindicated for use in the cerebral, carotid or coronary vasculature; use in endarterectomy procedures or vessel dilation; removal of fibrous, adherent or calcified material; use with power injectors; and use in vessels less than six millimeters in diameter, with the largest 24 French catheter contraindicated for use in vessels less than eight millimeters in diameter.

Our results of operations, could be materially harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand for our products and manage our inventory.

We seek to maintain sufficient levels of inventory in order to protect ourselves from supply interruptions, but keep limited components, sub-assemblies, materials and finished products on hand. To ensure adequate inventory supply and manage our operations with our third-party suppliers, we forecast anticipated materials requirements and demand for our products in order to predict inventory needs and then place orders with our suppliers based on these

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predictions. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products could be negatively affected by many factors, including our limited historical commercial experience, rapid growth, failure to accurately manage our expansion strategy, product introductions by competitors, an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products, our failure to accurately forecast customer acceptance and adoption of new products, unanticipated changes in general market conditions or regulatory matters and weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions.

Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in a portion of our inventory becoming obsolete or expiring, as well as inventory write-downs or write-offs, which would negatively impact our gross margins and impair the strength of our brand. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand for our products or our own requirements for components, sub-assemblies and materials, our third-party suppliers may not be able to deliver components, sub-assemblies and materials to meet our requirements, which could result in inadequate inventory levels or interruptions, delays or cancellations of deliveries to our customers, any of which would damage our reputation, customer relationships and business. In addition, several components, sub-assemblies and materials incorporated into our products require lengthy order lead times, and additional supplies or materials or additional manufacturing capacity may not be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, and our third-party suppliers may not be able to allocate sufficient capacity in order to meet our increased requirements, any of which could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet customer demand for our products and our results of operations.

Our quarterly and annual results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

Our quarterly and annual results of operations, including our revenue, profitability and cash flow, may vary significantly in the future, and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter or period should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly and annual financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside our control and, as a result, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Fluctuations in quarterly and annual results may decrease the value of our common stock. Because our quarterly results may fluctuate, period-to-period comparisons may not be the best indication of the underlying results of our business and should only be relied upon as one factor in determining how our business is performing. These fluctuations may occur due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including, but not limited to:

the level of demand for our products which may vary significantly;

adversely affected.

expenditures that we may incur to acquire, develop or commercialize additional products and technologies;

sales and marketing efforts and expenses;

pricing pressures;

the rate at which we grow our sales force and the speed at which newly hired salespeople become effective;

changes in the productivity of our sales force;

our ability to expand the geographic reach of our sales force;

the degree of competition in our industry and any change in the competitive landscape of our industry, including consolidation among our competitors or future partners;

changes in coverage and reimbursement policies with respect to our products, and potential future products that compete with our products;

positive or negative coverage in the media or clinical publications of our products or products of our competitors or our industry;

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the timing of customer orders or medical procedures using our products and the number of available selling days in any quarterly period, which can be impacted by holidays, the mix of products sold and the geographic mix of where products are sold;

the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, research, development, licenses, regulatory approval, commercialization activities, acquisitions and other strategic transactions, or other significant events relating to our products, which may change from time to time;

the cost of manufacturing our products, which may vary depending on the quantity of production and the terms of our agreements with third-party suppliers; and

future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies.

Our long-term growth depends on our ability to enhance our products,solutions, expand our indications and develop and commercialize additional productsnew solutions in a timely manner. Ifmanner and if we fail to identify, acquire and develop other products,do so we may be unable to grow our business.

The market for our productssolutions is highly competitive, dynamic, and marked by rapid and substantial technological development and product innovation. New entrants or existing competitors couldhave attempted and will continue to attempt to develop products that compete directly with ours. Demand for our productssolutions and future related productssolutions could be diminished by equivalent or superior products and technologies offered by competitors. If we are unable to innovate successfully, our existing productssolutions could become obsolete and our revenue would decline as our customers purchase our competitors’ products. Developing our new solutions and enhancing our current and new productssolutions is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention away from our core business. The success of any new product offering or product enhancements to our solution will depend on several factors, including our ability to:

assembleAssemble sufficient resources to develop or acquire or discover additional products;

solutions;

properlyProperly identify and anticipate physician and patient needs;

developDevelop and introduce new productssolutions and product enhancements in a timely manner;

avoidAvoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third-parties;

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demonstrate,Demonstrate, if required, the safety and efficacy of new productssolutions with data from preclinical studies and clinical trials;

studies;

obtainObtain the necessary regulatory clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications for expanded indications, new productssolutions or product modifications;

beBe fully FDA-compliantcompliant with the requirements of the FDA (or foreign regulatory authorities) regarding the marketing of new devices or modified products;

modifications;

produceManufacture new productssolutions in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost;

provideProvide adequate training to potential users of our products;

solutions;

receiveReceive adequate coverage and reimbursement for procedures performed with our products;solutions; and

developDevelop an effective and dedicated sales and marketing team.

If we are unable to develop or improve products,solutions, applications or features due to constraints, such as insufficient cash resources, high employee turnover, inability to hire personnel with sufficient technical skillsin a timely manner or a lack of other research and development resources,at all, we may not be able to maintain our competitive position compared to other companies. Furthermore, many of our competitors devote a considerably greater amount of funds to their research and development programs than we do, and those that do not may be acquired by larger companies that would allocate greater resources to research and development programs. Our failure or inability to devote adequate research and development resources or compete effectively with the research and development programs of our competitors could harm our business.

In addition, we may choose to focus our efforts and resources on potential productssolutions or indications that ultimately prove to be unsuccessful, or to license or purchase a marketed producttechnology that does not meet our financial

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expectations. As a result, we may fail to capitalize on viable commercial productssolutions or profitable market opportunities, be required to forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other potential productssolutions or other diseases that may later prove to have greater commercial potential, or relinquish valuable rights to such potential productssolutions through collaboration, licensing or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in public health insurance coverage and government reimbursement rates for our products could affect the adoption of our products and our future revenue.

The federal government is considering ways to change, and has changed, the manner in which healthcare services are paid for in the United States. Individual states may also enact legislation that impacts Medicaid payments to hospitals and physicians. In addition, the United States Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, establishes Medicare payment levels for hospitals and physicians on an annual basis, which can increase or decrease payment to such entities. Internationally, medical reimbursement systems vary significantly from country to country, with some countries limiting medical centers’ spending through fixed budgets, regardless of levels of patient treatment, and other countries requiring application for, and approval of, government or third-party reimbursement. Even if we succeed in bringing our products to market in additional foreign countries, uncertainties regarding future healthcare policy, legislation and regulation, as well as private market practices, could affect our ability to sell our products in commercially acceptable quantities at acceptable prices.

Cost-containment efforts of our customers, purchasing groups and governmental organizations could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability. Consolidation in the healthcare industry or group purchasing organizations could lead to demands for price concessions, which may affect our ability to sell our products at prices necessary to support our current business strategies.

In an effort to reduce costs, many hospitals in the United States, including some of our customers, are members of Group Purchasing Organizations, or GPOs, and Integrated Delivery Networks, or IDNs. GPOs and IDNs negotiate pricing arrangements with medical device companies and distributors and then offer these negotiated prices to affiliated hospitals and other members. GPOs and IDNs typically award contracts on a category-by-category basis through a competitive bidding process. Bids are generally solicited from multiple providers with the intention of driving down pricing or reducing the number of vendors. Due to the highly competitive nature of the GPO and IDN contracting processes, we may not be able to obtain new, or maintain existing, contract positions with major GPOs and IDNs. Furthermore, the increasing leverage of organized buying groups may reduce market prices for our products, thereby reducing our revenue and margins.

While having a contract with a GPO or IDN for a given product category can facilitate sales to members of that GPO or IDN, such contract positions can offer no assurance that any level of sales will be achieved, as sales are typically made pursuant to individual purchase orders. Even when a provider is the sole contracted supplier of a GPO or IDN for a certain product category, members of the GPO or IDN are generally free to purchase from other suppliers. Furthermore, GPO and IDN contracts typically are terminable without cause by the GPO or IDN upon 60 to 90 days’ notice. Accordingly, the members of such groups may choose to purchase alternative products due to the price or quality offered by other companies, which could result in a decline in our revenue.

Healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade, which has resulted in or led to numerous cost reform initiatives by legislators, regulators and third-party payors. Cost reform has triggered a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power, which may create more requests for pricing concessions in the future. Additionally, GPOs, IDNs and large single accounts may continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for hospitals. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to change the healthcare industry worldwide, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may exert further downward pressure on the prices of our products.

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We may not be able to achieve or maintain satisfactory pricing and margins for our products.

Manufacturers of medical devices have a history of price competition, and we can give no assurance that we will be able to achieve satisfactory prices for our current or any new products or maintain prices at the levels we have historically achieved. Any decline in the amount that payors reimburse our customers for our products could make it difficult for customers to continue using, or to adopt, our products and could create additional pricing pressure for us. If we are forced to lower the price we charge for our products, or if we add more components to our systems, our gross margins will decrease, which will adversely affect our ability to invest in and grow our business. If we are unable to maintain our prices, including during any international expansion, or if our costs increase and we are unable to offset such increase with an increase in our prices, our margins could erode. We will continue to be subject to significant pricing pressure, which could harm negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to manage the anticipated growth of our business.

In order to grow, we need to expand our sales personnel, manufacturing operations and general and administrative infrastructure. In addition to the need to scale our organization, future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on management, including the need to identify, recruit, train and integrate additional employees. Rapid expansion in personnel could mean that less experienced people manufacture, market and sell our products,solutions, which could result in inefficiencies and unanticipated costs, reduced quality and disruptions to our operations. In addition, rapid and significant growth may strain our administrative, operational and operationalmanufacturing infrastructure. Our ability to manage our business and growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, it may be difficult for us to execute our business strategy and our business could be harmed.

As demand for our productssolutions or any of our future productssolutions increases, we will need to continue to scale our capacity, expand our customer service and sales force, billing and systems processes and enhance our internal quality assurance program. We cannot assure you that any increases in scale or expanded manufacturing capacity, related improvements and quality assurance, or the expansion of our sales force will be successfully implemented or that appropriate personnel will be available to facilitate the growth of our business. Failure to implement necessary procedures, transition to new processes or hire the necessary personnel could result in higher costs of processing data or inability to meet increased demand, and may generally be disruptive to our business. Moreover, members of our sales force are trained and possess technical expertise. If we are unable to maintain and grow our sales force with individuals that possess the necessary qualifications and expertise, or business could suffer. If we encounter difficulty meeting market demand, quality standards or physician expectations, our reputation could be harmed and our business could suffer.

We currently operate our business, including manufacturing most of our solutions, primarily out of a site in Irvine, California, and we may experience delays in production or an increase in costs if our single manufacturingthis facility is damaged or becomes inoperable, or ifinoperable.
With the exception of the LimFlow system, which is manufactured by third-party contract manufacturers and distributed by the third-party logistics providers, we are required to vacate our facility.

We currently maintainconduct our research and development, manufacturing, distribution and most of our administrative operations in a building locatedfacility in Irvine, California, which is

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situated on or near earthquake fault lines. Our goal is to expand our manufacturing operations to include additional facilities however, we do not currently have additional operational facilities.outside of Irvine, including a planned manufacturing site in Costa Rica. Should our buildingfacilities be significantly damaged or destroyed by natural or man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, fires or other events, it could take months to relocate or rebuild, during which time, our employees may seek other positions, our research, development and manufacturing capabilities would cease or be delayed, our employees may seek other positions, and our productssolutions may be unavailable. To the extent any additional facilities are available and operational at the time of such events, transitioning manufacturing capacity to offset the loss of our manufacturing facilityoperations in Irvine may not be possible or may not be cost effective. Moreover, the use of a new facility or new manufacturing, quality control, or environmental control equipment or systems may require regulatory review and approval of the new facility prior to commencing full-scale production and commercialization. Because of the time required to register and/or authorize manufacturing in a new facility under FDA, state and non-U.S. regulatory requirements, we may not be able to resume production on a timely basis even if we are able to replace production capacity in the event that we lose our manufacturing capacity. While we maintain property and business interruption insurance, such insurance has limits and would only cover the cost of rebuilding and relocating, and lost revenue, but not general damage or losses caused by earthquakes or losses we may suffer due to our productssolutions being replaced by competitors’ products. The inability to perform our research, development and manufacturing activities, combined with our limited inventory of materials and components and manufactured products, may cause physicians to discontinue using our productssolutions or harm our reputation, and we may be unable to reestablish relationships with such physicians in the future. Consequently, a

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catastrophic event at our facility could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, we may be unable to renew our lease or find a new facility on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we were unable or unwilling to renew at the proposed rates, relocating our manufacturing facility would involve significant expense in connection with the movement and installation of key manufacturing equipment and any necessary recertification with regulatory bodies, and we cannot assure investors that such a move would not delay or otherwise adversely affect our manufacturing activities or operating results. If our manufacturing capabilities were impaired by our move, we may not be able to manufacture and ship our products in a timely manner, which would adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may experience disruptions to our business as a result of the relocation of our headquarters and general expansion of our operations.

We may experience disruptions as we continue to expand our operations and facilities and execute on our growth strategy. In October 2020, we entered into a lease agreement to move our headquarters to a larger space in Irvine, California.  The process of moving our business, opening new facilities and bringing operations online at new sites, including our research and development and manufacturing operations, is inherently complex and is not part of our day-to-day operations. The relocation and expansion of our headquarters and the opening of any additional new facilities cause significant disruption to our operations, divert management attention and resources and involve significant costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The relocation of our headquarters and the opening of any new additional facilities with manufacturing operations will require the movement and/or installation of key manufacturing equipment and certification or recertification with applicable regulatory bodies, including the FDA. We can give no assurance that the relocation of our headquarters will be completed as planned or within the anticipated timeframe, or that we will fully realize the expected benefits of the relocation or any additional facilities that we seek to open.  

Performance issues, service interruptions or price increases by our shipping carriers could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and harm our reputation and the relationship between us and the hospitals we work with.

Expedited, reliable shipping is essential to our operations. We rely heavily on providers of transport services for reliable and secure point-to-point transport of our ClotTriever or FlowTriever products to our customers and for tracking of these shipments. Should a carrier encounter delivery performance issues such as loss, damage or destruction of any systems, it would be costly to replace such systems in a timely manner and such occurrences may damage our reputation and lead to decreased demand for our solution and increased cost and expense to our business. In addition, any significant increase in shipping rates could adversely affect our operating margins and results of operations. Similarly, strikes, severe weather, natural disasters or other service interruptions affecting delivery services we use would adversely affect our ability to process orders for our ClotTriever or FlowTriever products on a timely basis.

Our products may become obsolete in the future.

The medical device industry is characterized by rapid and significant change. There can be no assurance that other companies will not succeed in developing or marketing devices or products that are more effective than our products or that would render our products obsolete or noncompetitive. Additionally, new surgical procedures, medications and other therapies could be developed that replace or reduce the importance of our products. Accordingly, our success will depend in part on our ability to respond quickly to medical and other changes through the development and introduction of new products. Product development involves a high degree of risk, and there can be no assurance that our new product development efforts will result in any commercially successful products.

We provide a limited warranty for our products.

We provide a limited warranty that our products are free of material defects and conform to specifications, and offer to repair, replace or refund the purchase price of defective products. As a result, we bear the risk of potential

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warranty claims on our products. In the event that we attempt to recover some or all of the expenses associated with a warranty claim against us from our suppliers or vendors, we may not be successful in claiming recovery under any warranty or indemnity provided to us by such suppliers or vendors and any recovery from such vendor or supplier may not be adequate. In addition, warranty claims brought by our customers related to third-party components may arise after our ability to bring corresponding warranty claims against such suppliers expires, which could result in costs to us.

We may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances or partnerships with third-parties that may not result in the development of commercially viable products or product improvements or the generation of significant future revenue.

In the ordinary course of our business, we may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, partnerships or other arrangements to develop new products or product improvements and to pursue new markets. Proposing, negotiating and implementing collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances or partnerships may be a lengthy and complex process. Other companies, including those with substantially greater financial, marketing, sales, technology or other business resources, may compete with us for these opportunities or arrangements. We may not identify, secure, or complete any such transactions or arrangements in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, on acceptable terms or at all. We have limited institutional knowledge and experience with respect to these business development activities, and we may also not realize the anticipated benefits of any such transaction or arrangement. In particular, these collaborations may not result in the development of products that achieve commercial success or viable product improvements or result in significant revenue and could be terminated prior to developing any products.

Additionally, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision making authority regarding the transaction or arrangement, which could create the potential risk of creating impasses on decisions, and our future collaborators may have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals. It is possible that conflicts may arise with our collaborators, such as conflicts concerning the achievement of performance milestones, or the interpretation of significant terms under any agreement, such as those related to financial obligations or the ownership or control of intellectual property developed during the collaboration. If any conflicts arise with any future collaborators, they may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our best interest, and they may breach their obligations to us. In addition, we may have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that any future collaborators devote to our or their future products.

Disputes between us and our collaborators may result in litigation or arbitration which would increase our expenses and divert the attention of our management. These arrangements may consume management time and resources to establish and maintain. Further, these transactions and arrangements will be contractual in nature and will generally be terminable under the terms of the applicable agreements and, in such event, we may not continue to have rights to the products relating to such transaction or arrangement or may need to purchase such rights at a premium. If we enter into in-bound intellectual property license agreements, we may not be able to fully protect the licensed intellectual property rights or maintain those licenses. Future licensors could retain the right to prosecute and defend the intellectual property rights licensed to us, in which case we would depend on the ability of our licensors to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property protection for the licensed intellectual property. These licensors may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies or may pursue such litigation less aggressively than we would. Further, entering into such license agreements could impose various diligence, commercialization, royalty or other obligations on us. Future licensors may allege that we have breached our license agreement with them, and accordingly seek to terminate our license, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects.

The failure of ClotTriever or FlowTriever to meet patient expectations or the occurrence of adverse events from ClotTriever or FlowTriever could impair our financial performance.

Our future success depends in part upon patients having an experience with our products that meets their expectations in order to increase physician demand for our products as a result of positive feedback, social media and word-of-mouth. Patients may be dissatisfied if their expectations of the procedure and results, among other things, are not met. Despite what we believe to be the safety profile of our products, patients may experience adverse events such as venous dissection or puncture, embolization of clot, stroke, heart attack and death. If the

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results of catheter-based thrombectomy procedures with our products do not meet the expectations of the patients, or the patient experiences adverse events, it could discourage the patient and treating physician from referring our products to others. Dissatisfied patients may express negative opinions through social media. Any failure to meet patient expectations and any resulting negative publicity could harm our reputation and future sales.

We depend on our senior management team and the loss of one or more key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success depends largely on the continued services of key members of our executive management team and others in key management positions. For example, the services of William Hoffman, our Chief Executive Officer, Andrew Hykes, our Chief Operating Officer, Mitchell Hill, our Chief Financial Officer, and Dr. Thomas Tu, our Chief Medical Officer, are essential to driving adoption of our products, executing on our corporate strategy and ensuring the continued operations and integrity of financial reporting within our company. In addition, the services of our sales professionals are critical to driving the growth in sales of our products. Any of our employees may terminate their employment with us at any time. We do not currently maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees. If we lose one or more key employees, we may experience difficulties in competing effectively, developing our technologies and implementing our business strategy.

In addition, our research and development programs, clinical operations and sales efforts depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled engineers and sales professionals. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified engineers and sales professionals in the future due to the competition for qualified personnel. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do. If we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or we have breached legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources and, potentially, damages.

In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the stock awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived benefits of our stock awards decline, either because we are a public company or for other reasons, it may harm our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees. Many of our employees have become or will soon become vested in a substantial amount of our common stock or a number of common stock options. Our employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase prices of the shares, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly below the market price of our common stock, particularly after the expiration of the lock-up agreements described herein. Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain additional executive officers and other key employees. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, it will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The use, misuse or off-label use of our products may result in injuries that lead to product liability suits, which could be expensive, divert management’s attention and harm our reputation and business. We may not be able to maintain adequate product liability insurance.

Our products have been cleared by the FDA for specific indications and meet certain treatment parameters. If physicians expand the patient population in which they elect to use our products such that it is outside of the intended use that has been cleared by the FDA, then such use, misuse or off-label use of our products may result in outcomes and adverse events including death, potentially leading to product liability claims. Our products are not indicated for use in all patients with VTE and therefore cannot be marketed or advertised in the United States for certain uses without additional clearances from the FDA. However, we cannot prevent a physician from using our products for off-label applications or using components or products that are not our products when performing procedures with our products. There may be increased risk of injury to patients if physicians attempt to use our devices off-label. In addition, we cannot guarantee that physicians are trained by us or their peers prior to utilizing our products. Complications resulting from the use of our products off-label or use by physicians who have not been trained appropriately, or at all, may not effectively treat the applicable conditions and may expose us to product liability claims or litigation by our customers or their patients and may harm our reputation.

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If the FDA or any foreign regulatory body determines that our promotional materials, activities or training constitute promotion of an off-label use, they could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or activities or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance or imposition of an untitled letter, which is used for violators that do not necessitate a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine or criminal penalties. It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities might take action under other regulatory authority, such as false claims laws, if they consider our business activities to constitute promotion of an off-label use, which could result in significant penalties, including, but not limited to, criminal, civil and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs and the curtailment of our operations. The federal government has levied large civil and criminal fines and/or other penalties against companies for alleged improper promotion and has investigated, prosecuted, and/or enjoined several companies from engaging in off-label promotion.

In addition, if our products are defectively designed, manufactured or labeled, contain defective components or are misused, we may become subject to costly litigation initiated by physicians, hospitals or patients. Product liability claims are especially prevalent in the medical device industry and could harm our reputation, divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend and may result in sizable damage awards against us. Although we maintain product liability insurance, we may not have sufficient insurance coverage for future product liability claims. We may not be able to obtain insurance in amounts or scope sufficient to provide us with adequate coverage against all potential liabilities. Any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, harm our reputation, significantly increase our expenses, and reduce product sales. Product liability claims could cause us to incur significant legal fees and deductibles and claims in excess of our insurance coverage would be paid out of cash reserves, harming our financial condition and operating results.

We may need additional funding to finance our planned operations, and may not be able to raise capital when needed, which could force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs and commercialization efforts.

Since inception, we have incurred significant net losses and may continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. To date, our primary sources of capital have been the net proceeds we received through private placements of preferred stock, debt financing agreements, the sale of our common stock in our IPO and revenue from the sale of our products. As of December 31, 2020, we had $164.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, no long-term debt and an accumulated deficit of $27.4 million. Based on our current planned operations, we expect that our cash and cash equivalents and available borrowings will enable us to fund our operating expenses for at least 12 months from the date hereof. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

We expect to continue to invest in clinical trials and registries that are designed to provide clinical evidence of the safety and efficacy of our products, expanding our sales and marketing organization, and research and development of product improvements and future products. Moreover, we expect to incur additional expenses associated with operating as a public company, including legal, accounting, insurance, exchange listing and SEC compliance, investor relations and other expenses. Because of these and other factors, we expect to continue to incur net losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

The degree and rate of market acceptance of our products and catheter-based thrombectomy procedures;

Whether we acquire third-party companies, products or technologies;

Repayment of debt;

The scope and timing of investment in our sales force and expansion of our commercial organization;

The impact on our business from the ongoing and global COVID-19 pandemic, or any other pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease;

The scope, rate of progress and cost of our current or future clinical trials and registries;

The cost of our research and development activities;

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The cost and timing of additional regulatory clearances or approvals;

The costs associated with any product recall that may occur;

The costs of attaining, defending and enforcing our intellectual property rights;

The terms and timing of any other collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish;

The emergence of competing technologies or other adverse market developments; and

The rate at which we expand internationally.

We may seek to raise additional capital through equity offerings or debt financings and such additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, any additional equity or debt financing that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. For example, if we raise funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, the issuance of such securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. Any equity securities issued may also provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. In addition, the issuance of additional equity securities by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline, and the price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors.

In addition, the terms of debt securities issued or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on our operations including restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity, limitations on our ability to pay dividends, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights, and other operating restrictions that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. In the event that we enter into collaborations or licensing arrangements to raise capital, we may be required to accept unfavorable terms, such as relinquishment or licensing of certain technologies or products that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves, or reserve for future potential arrangements when we might otherwise be able to achieve more favorable terms. In addition, we may be forced to work with a partner on one or more of our products or market development programs, which could lower the economic value of those programs to us.

If we are unable to obtain adequate financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, we may terminate or delay the development of one or more of our products, delay clinical trials necessary to market our products, or delay establishment of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities necessary to commercialize our products. If this were to occur, our ability to grow and support our business and to respond to market challenges could be significantly limited, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We entered into a new credit facility, which may affect our ability to operate our business and secure additional financing in the future.

In August 2020, we repaid in full and terminated our credit facility with Signature Bank, or the SB Credit Facility. In September 2020, we entered into a senior secured revolving credit facility with Bank of America, or the Credit Agreement, under which we may borrow loans up to a maximum principal amount of $30.0 million. Advances under the Credit Agreement bear interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or the LIBOR rate, or successor rate, based upon an interest period of 30 days plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin. Margin will be 1.25% until March 31, 2021 and then will range from 1.00% to 1.50% based on the Company’s applicable fixed charge coverage ratio. As of December 31, 2020, there were no amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement. In addition, we are required to pay an unused line fee at an annual rate ranging from 0.25% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the amounts available under the Credit Agreement. We are required to make monthly interest payments on any borrowed amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which may divert resources from other activities.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are collateralized by substantially all of our assets, excluding intellectual property, and we are subject to customary financial and operating covenants limiting our ability to,

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among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, incur debt, make distributions, grant liens and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The covenants related to the Credit Agreement, as well as any future financing agreements into which we may enter, may restrict our ability to finance our operations and engage in, expand or otherwise pursue our business activities and strategies.

While we have not previously breached and are not currently in breach of these or any other covenants contained in our Credit Agreement or other debt arrangements, there can be no guarantee that we will not breach these covenants in the future. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and future breaches of any of these covenants could result in a default under the Credit Agreement. If not waived, future defaults could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Agreement to become immediately due and payable and terminate commitments to extend further credit and foreclose on the collateral granted to it to collateralize such indebtedness. If we do not have or are unable to generate sufficient cash available to repay our debt obligations when they become due and payable, either upon maturity or in the event of a default, our assets could be foreclosed upon and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, which may negatively impact our ability to operate and continue our business as a going concern.

In order to service indebtedness, we need to generate cash from our operating activities. Our ability to generate cash is subject, in part, to our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, as well as general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will be able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings or other financings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness and fund our other liquidity needs. To the extent we are required to use cash from operations or the proceeds of any future financing to service our indebtedness instead of funding working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes, we will be less able to plan for, or react to, changes in our business, industry and in the economy generally. This may place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.

We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could fail to result in a commercial product or net sales, divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our business.

Although we currently have no agreements or commitments to complete any such transactions and are not involved in negotiations to do so, we may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, applications or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our portfolio, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. However, we cannot assure you that we would be able to successfully complete any acquisition we choose to pursue, or that we would be able to successfully integrate any acquired business, product or technology in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various costs and expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. We may not be able to identify desirable acquisition targets or be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular target or obtain the expected benefits of any acquisition or investment.

To date, the growth of our operations has been largely organic, and we have limited experience in acquiring other businesses or technologies. We may not be able to successfully integrate any acquired personnel, operations and technologies, or effectively manage the combined business following an acquisition. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities, the use of our available cash, or the incurrence of debt, which could harm our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.

Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, gross receipts, value added or similar taxes and may successfully impose additional obligations on us.

One or more jurisdictions may seek to impose additional tax collection obligations on us, including for past sales. A successful assertion by a state, country, or other jurisdiction that we should have been or should be collecting additional sales, use, or other taxes on our services could, among other things, result in substantial tax

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liabilities for past sales, create significant administrative burdens for us, discourage users from purchasing our products, or otherwise harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and research and development carryforwards may be limited.

As of December 31, 20202023, we had U.S. federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, of $30.1$9.8 million, $25.0$27.1 million, and $0.8$52.3 million, respectively, and U.S. federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of $2.3$9.8 million and $1.7$13.3 million, respectively. In general, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change,”change”, generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change by value in its equity ownership over a rolling three-year period, is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses, or NOLs, and its research and development credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income. Our existing NOLs and research and development credit carryforwards have been, and may in the future be, subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and if we undergo an ownership change, our ability to utilize NOLs and research and development credit carryforwards could be further limited by Sections 382 and 383 of the Code. In addition, our ability to deduct net interest expense may be limited if we have insufficient taxable income for the year during which the interest is incurred, and any carryovers of such disallowed interest would be subject to the limitation rules similar to those applicable to NOLs and other attributes. Future changes in our stock ownership, some of which might be beyond our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. For these reasons, in the event we experience a future change of control, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of the NOLs, research and development credit carryforwards or disallowed interest expense carryovers, even if we attain profitability.

In addition, the tax benefit of NOLs, temporary differences and credit carryforwards are required to be recorded as an asset to the extent that we assess that realization is more likely than not. We believe that recognition of the deferred tax asset arising from these future tax benefits is not likely to be realized and, accordingly, have provided a valuation allowance of $11.9$53.8 million and $11.8$30.3 million for the years endedas of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, respectively.

The impact

We may not be able to achieve or maintain satisfactory pricing and margins for our solutions.
We operate in an industry with significant price competition, and we can give no assurance that we will be able to achieve satisfactory prices for our current or any new solutions or maintain prices at the levels we have historically achieved. Any decline in the amount that payors reimburse our customers for our solutions could make it difficult for customers to continue using, or to adopt, our solutions and could create additional pricing pressure for us. If we are forced to lower the price we charge for our solutions (including as a result of regulation in domestic or international markets), if we add more components to our systems or bundle solutions, our gross margins will decrease, which will adversely affect our ability to invest in and grow our business. If we are unable
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to maintain our prices, including during any international expansion, or if our costs increase and we are unable to offset such increase with an increase in our prices, our margins could erode. We will continue to be subject to significant pricing pressure, which could harm negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We manufacture and sell solutions that are used in a limited number of procedures and there is a limited total addressable market for our solutions.
Our estimates of the Tax Cutsannual total addressable markets for our current solutions and Jobs Actour solutions in development are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates, the number of patients treatable by our solutions, and the estimated prices at which we can sell our solutions. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct and the conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, any estimates of the annual total addressable market for our current and future solutions may prove to be incorrect. If the actual number of patients who would benefit from our solutions, the price at which we can sell our solutions, or the annual total addressable market for our solutions is smaller than we have estimated, it may impair our sales growth and negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in public health insurance coverage and government reimbursement rates for our solutions could affect the adoption of our solutions and our future revenue.
The federal government is not entirely clearconsidering ways to change, and could differ materially fromhas changed, the financial statements provided herein.

On December 22, 2017,manner in which healthcare services are paid for in the United States. Individual states may also enact legislation that impacts Medicaid payments to hospitals and physicians. In addition, the United States enactedDepartment of Health and Human Services Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, establishes Medicare payment levels for hospitals and physicians on an annual basis, which can increase or decrease payment to such entities. Internationally, medical reimbursement systems vary significantly from country to country, with some countries limiting medical centers’ spending through fixed budgets, regardless of levels of patient treatment, and other countries requiring application for, and approval of, government or third-party reimbursement. Even if we succeed in bringing our solutions to market in additional foreign countries, uncertainties regarding future healthcare policy, legislation and regulation, as well as private market practices, could affect our ability to sell our solutions in commercially acceptable quantities at acceptable prices.

Cost-containment efforts or consolidation in the Tax Cutsindustry of our customers, purchasing groups and Jobs Act,governmental organizations could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.
To reduce costs, many hospitals in the United States, including some of our customers, are members of Group Purchasing Organizations, or GPOs, and Integrated Delivery Networks, or IDNs. GPOs and IDNs negotiate pricing arrangements with medical device companies and distributors and then offer these negotiated prices to affiliated hospitals and other members. GPOs and IDNs typically award contracts on a category-by-category basis through a competitive bidding process. Bids are generally solicited from multiple providers with the TCJA,intention of driving down pricing or reducing the number of vendors. Due to the highly competitive nature of the GPO and IDN contracting processes, we may not be able to obtain new, or maintain existing, contract positions with major GPOs and IDNs. Furthermore, the increasing leverage of organized buying groups may reduce market prices for our solutions, thereby reducing our revenue and margins.
While having a contract with a GPO or IDN for a given product category can facilitate sales to members of that GPO or IDN, such contract positions can offer no assurance that any level of sales will be achieved, as sales are typically made pursuant to individual purchase orders. Even when a provider is the sole contracted supplier of a GPO or IDN for a certain product category, members of the GPO or IDN are generally free to purchase from other suppliers. Furthermore, GPO and IDN contracts typically are terminable without cause by the GPO or IDN upon 60 to 90 days’ notice. Accordingly, the members of such groups may choose to purchase alternative products due to the price or quality offered by other companies, which could result in a decline in our revenue.
Healthcare costs have risen significantly reformedover the Code. The TCJA,past decade, which has resulted in or led to numerous cost reform initiatives by legislators, regulators and third-party payors. Cost reform has triggered a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power, which may create more requests for pricing
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concessions in the future. Additionally, GPOs, IDNs and large single accounts may continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for hospitals. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to change the healthcare industry worldwide, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may exert further downward pressure on the prices of our solutions.
General Business Risks
We may require additional capital to finance our planned operations, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, the terms of our current or future financing arrangements may limit our ability to operate our business as planned.
As of December 31, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of $116.1 million. Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception, primarily due to our research and development activities, conducting clinical studies for our solutions, building our dedicated direct sales organization and acquisition-related integration costs. Our expenses have also increased substantially in connection with the commercialization of our solutions, including hiring qualified personnel, retaining our sales team and expanding internationally. We expect that certain of these activities and the associated expenses will continue. Additional expenditures also include costs associated with manufacturing and supply, sales and marketing costs, costs and expenses incidental to being a public company, and general operations. Other unanticipated costs may arise.
Our senior secured revolving credit agreement with Bank of America (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) contains certain customary covenants subject to certain exceptions, including, among other things, the following: a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant, and limitations of indebtedness, liens, investments, assets sales, mergers, consolidations, liquidations, dispositions, restricted payments, transactions with affiliates and prepayments of certain debt. While we are not currently in breach of any covenants contained significant changesin our Amended Credit Agreement, there can be no guarantee that we will not breach these covenants in the future. Our ability to corporate taxation, including reductioncomply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and future breaches of any of these covenants could result in a default under the Amended Credit Agreement. If not waived, future defaults could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under the Amended Credit Agreement to become immediately due and payable and terminate commitments to extend further credit and foreclose on the collateral granted to it to collateralize such indebtedness. If we do not have or are unable to generate sufficient cash available to repay our debt obligations when they become due and payable, either upon maturity or in the event of a default, our assets could be foreclosed upon and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, which may negatively impact our ability to operate and continue our business as a going concern.
In order to service our indebtedness, we need to generate cash from our operating activities. Our ability to generate cash is subject, in part, to our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, as well as general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure that our business will be able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings or other financings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness and fund our other liquidity needs. To the extent we are required to use cash from operations or the proceeds of any future financing to service our indebtedness instead of funding working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate tax ratepurposes, we will be less able to plan for, or react to, changes in our business, industry and in the economy generally. This may place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.
We may need to raise additional capital, and if we raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to additional covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt or liens, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed and on terms that are acceptable to us, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or suspend the implementation of our sales and marketing plan and our ongoing research and development efforts, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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We have made and continue to make acquisitions, investments, joint ventures and divestitures that involve numerous risks and uncertainties.
We selectively pursue strategic acquisitions, investments and joint ventures, including the acquisition of LimFlow in the fourth quarter of 2023. These transactions require significant investment of time and resources and may disrupt our business and distract our management from other responsibilities. Even if successful, these transactions could reduce our earnings for a top marginal ratenumber of 35%reasons, including the amortization of intangible assets, impairment charges, acquired operations that are not yet profitable or the payment of additional consideration under earn-out arrangements if an acquisition performs better than expected. Acquisitions, investments and joint ventures pose many other risks that could adversely affect our reputation, operations or financial results, including:
we may not be able to identify, compete effectively for or complete suitable acquisitions and investments at prices we consider attractive;
we may not be able to accurately estimate the financial effect of acquisitions and investments on our business, and we may not realize anticipated synergies or acquisitions may not result in improved operating performance;
we may not be able to successfully manage the integration process for acquisitions and the integration process may divert management time and focus from operating our business;
acquired technologies, capabilities, products and service offerings, particularly those that are still in development when acquired, may not perform as expected, may have defects or may not be integrated into our business as expected;
we may have trouble retaining key employees and customers of an acquired business, including due to cultural challenges, or otherwise integrating such businesses, such as incompatible accounting, information management or other control systems, which could result in unforeseen difficulties;
we may assume material liabilities that were not identified as part of our due diligence or for which we are unable to receive a flat rate of 21%; limitationpurchase price adjustment or reimbursement through indemnification or there may be other unanticipated write-offs or charges;
financial reporting, revenue recognition or other financial or control deficiencies of the tax deduction for interest expense; limitation ofacquired company that we don't adequately address and that cause our reported results to be incorrect;
we may need to implement or improve controls, procedures and policies at a business that prior to the deduction for NOLsacquisition may have lacked sufficiently effective controls, procedures and elimination of NOL carrybacks,policies;
we may assume legal or regulatory risks, particularly with respect to smaller businesses that have immature business processes and compliance programs, or we may face litigation with respect to the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties;
acquired entities or joint ventures may not achieve expected business growth or operate profitably, which could adversely affect our operating income or operating margins, and we may be unable to recover investments in each case, for losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 (though any such tax lossesacquisitions;
acquisitions, investments and joint ventures may require us to spend a significant amount of cash, to incur debt, resulting in increased fixed payment obligations and could also result in covenants or other restrictions on us, or to issue capital stock, resulting in dilution of ownership; and
we may not be able to effectively influence the operations of our joint ventures, or we may be carried forward indefinitely);exposed to certain liabilities if our joint venture partners do not fulfill their obligations.
If our acquisitions, investments or joint ventures fail, perform poorly or their value is otherwise impaired for any reason, including contractions in credit markets and modifying or repealing manyglobal economic conditions, our business deductions and credits. Thefinancial results could be adversely affected.
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If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements contained herein reflect the effectscould be impaired, which could harm our operating results, investors' views of the TCJA based on current guidance.

However, there remain uncertainties and ambiguities in the application of certain provisions of the TCJA,us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management is required to reportupon the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and, as we made certain judgmentsare a large accelerated company, our independent registered public accounting firm is required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management and assumptionsour independent registered public accounting firm to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation. In connection with our and our independent registered public accounting firm’s evaluations of our internal control over financial reporting, we may need to upgrade our systems, including information technology systems; implement additional financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures; and hire additional accounting and finance staff.
Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing by us or our independent registered public accounting firm conducted in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changes to our financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. Internal control deficiencies could also result in a restatement of our financial results in the interpretation thereof. The U.S. Treasury Departmentfuture. We could become subject to stockholder or other third-party litigation, as well as investigations by the SEC, the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources and could result in fines, trading suspensions, payment of damages or other penalties. We are also in the process of incorporating the controls and related procedures of the LimFlow business which, as a privately held company, was not previously required to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting in a manner that meets the standards of publicly traded companies required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Failure to properly incorporate LimFlow’s controls and procedures or implement new or improved controls and procedures with respect to the LimFlow business could also result in such adverse effects.
In addition, as a public company we are required to file accurate and timely quarterly and annual reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Any failure to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis could result in sanctions, lawsuits, delisting of our shares from the Nasdaq Global Select Market or other adverse consequences that would materially harm our business.
We depend on our senior management team and the Internal Revenue Serviceloss of one or more key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends largely on the continued services of key members of our executive management team and others in key management positions. For example, the services of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Medical Officer are essential to driving adoption of our solutions, executing on our corporate strategy and ensuring the continued operations and integrity of financial reporting within our company. In addition, the services of our sales professionals are critical to driving the growth in sales of our solutions. Any of our employees may terminate their employment with us at any time. We do not currently maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees. If we lose one or more key employees, we may experience difficulties in competing effectively, developing our technologies and implementing our business strategy.
In addition, our research and development programs, clinical operations and sales efforts depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled engineers and sales professionals. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified engineers and sales professionals in the future due to the competition for qualified personnel. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. If we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or we have breached legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources and, potentially, damages.
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Further, many of our employees have become or will soon become vested in a substantial amount of our common stock or a number of common stock options. Our employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase prices of the shares, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly below the market price of our common stock. Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain additional executive officers and other key employees. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, it will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other companies or technologies, which could fail to result in a commercial product or net sales, divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our business.
We have acquired and may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, applications or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our portfolio, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities, including our recent acquisition of LimFlow. We cannot assure that we will be able to successfully complete any acquisition we choose to pursue, or that we would be able to successfully integrate any acquired business (including the LimFlow business), product or technology in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various costs and expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. We may not be able to identify desirable acquisition targets or be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular target or obtain the expected benefits of any acquisition or investment.
Prior to our acquisition of LimFlow, the growth of our operations has been largely organic, and we have limited experience in acquiring other businesses or technologies. We may not be able to successfully integrate any acquired personnel, operations and technologies, or effectively manage the combined business following an acquisition. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities, the use of our available cash, or the incurrence of debt, which could harm our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.
We may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances or partnerships with third parties that may not result in the development of commercially viable products or product improvements or the generation of significant future revenue.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, partnerships or other arrangements to develop new technologies or improvements and to pursue new markets. Proposing, negotiating and implementing collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances or partnerships may be a lengthy and complex process. We may not identify, secure, or complete any such transactions or arrangements in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, on acceptable terms or at all. We have limited institutional knowledge and experience with respect to these business development activities, and we may also not realize the anticipated benefits of any such transaction or arrangement. In particular, these collaborations may not result in the development of products that achieve commercial success or viable product improvements or result in significant revenue and could be terminated prior to developing any products.
Additionally, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the transaction or arrangement, which could create the potential risk of creating impasses on decisions, and our future collaborators may have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals. It is possible that conflicts may arise with our collaborators, such as conflicts concerning the achievement of performance milestones, or the interpretation of significant terms under any agreement, such as those related to financial obligations or the ownership or control of intellectual property developed during the collaboration. If any conflicts arise with any future collaborators, they may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our best interest, and they may breach their obligations to us. In addition, we may have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that any future collaborators devote to our or their future products.
Disputes between us and our collaborators may result in litigation or arbitration which would increase our expenses and divert the attention of our management. These arrangements may consume management time and resources to establish and maintain. Further, these transactions and arrangements will be contractual in
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nature and will generally be terminable under the terms of the applicable agreements and, in such event, we may not continue to have rights to the products relating to any such transaction or arrangement or may need to purchase such rights at a premium. If we enter into in-bound intellectual property license agreements, we may not be able to fully protect the licensed intellectual property rights or maintain those licenses. Future licensors could retain the right to prosecute and defend the intellectual property rights licensed to us, in which case we would depend on the ability of our licensors to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property protection for the licensed intellectual property. These licensors may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies or may pursue such litigation less aggressively than we would. Further, entering into such license agreements could impose various diligence, commercialization, royalty, milestone payment, or other obligations on us. Future licensors may allege that we have breached our license agreement with them, and accordingly seek to terminate our license, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects.
Failure to protect our information systems and information technology infrastructure against cybersecurity incidents, cybersecurity threats, service interruptions, or data corruption could materially disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business and operating results.
The operation of our business depends on our information systems and in some cases the information systems of our service providers. We rely on our information systems to, among other things, effectively manage sales and marketing data, accounting and financial functions, inventory management, product development tasks, clinical data, customer service and technical support functions. Our information systems are vulnerable to a variety of cybersecurity incidents and cybersecurity threats, as well as other forms of attack, including attack, damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, power losses, computer system or data network failures, security breaches, data corruption, and cyberattacks. Cyberattacks can include, but are not limited to, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, phishing attacks, ransomware attacks, worms, and other malicious software programs or other attacks, covert introduction of malware to computers and networks, social engineering or impersonation of authorized users, and efforts to discover and exploit any design flaws, bugs, security vulnerabilities, or security weaknesses, as well as intentional or unintentional acts by employees or other insiders with access privileges, intentional acts of vandalism by third parties and sabotage. A variety of our software systems are cloud-based data management applications, hosted by third-party service providers whose security and information systems are subject to similar risks.
Attacks upon information systems are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, and are being conducted by sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise. We may also face increased cybersecurity risks due to our reliance on internet technology and the number of our employees who are working remotely, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, information systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience security breaches that may remain undetected for an extended period. Even if identified, we may be unable to adequately investigate or remediate cybersecurity incidents or threats due to attackers increasingly using tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.
We and certain of our service providers are from time to time subject to cyberattacks and cybersecurity incidents and threats. While we do not believe that we have experienced any significant system failure, accident or material cybersecurity incident to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in decreased sales, result in liability claims or regulatory penalties, or lead to increased overhead costs, product shortages, loss or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, intellectual property, or sensitive or personal information, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and operating results. We maintain cybersecurity liability insurance; however, this insurance may not be sufficient to cover the financial, legal, business or reputational losses that may result from an interruption or breach of our information systems.
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Changes in and actual or perceived failures to comply with applicable data privacy, security and protection laws, regulations, standards and contractual obligations may adversely affect our business, operations and financial performance.
We and our partners may be subject to federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations that govern data privacy and security. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve, and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues, which may affect our business and may increase our compliance costs and exposure to liability. In the United States, numerous federal and state laws and regulations govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of personal information, including state data breach notification laws, federal and state health information privacy laws, and federal and state consumer protection laws. For example, HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, and regulations implemented thereunder, or collectively HIPAA, imposes privacy, security and breach notification obligations on certain healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, known as covered entities, as well as their business associates that perform certain services that involve creating, receiving, maintaining or transmitting individually identifiable health information for or on behalf of such covered entities, and their covered subcontractors. HIPAA requires covered entities and business associates to develop and maintain policies with respect to the protection of, use and disclosure of PHI, including the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect such information, and certain notification requirements in the event of a breach of unsecured PHI. Most healthcare providers, including research institutions from which we obtain patient health information, are subject to privacy and security regulations promulgated under HIPAA. While we do not believe that we are currently acting as a covered entity or business associate under HIPAA and thus are not directly regulated under HIPAA, any person may be prosecuted under HIPAA’s criminal provisions either directly or under aiding-and-abetting or conspiracy principles. Consequently, depending on the facts and circumstances, we could face substantial criminal penalties if we knowingly receive individually identifiable health information from a HIPAA-covered healthcare provider or research institution that has not satisfied HIPAA’s requirements for disclosure of individually identifiable health information.
Certain states have also adopted comparable privacy and security laws and regulations, which govern the privacy, processing and protection of health-related and other personal information. Such laws will be subject to varying interpretations by courts and government agencies, creating complex compliance issues. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or the CCPA, went into effect on January 1, 2020, and creates individual privacy rights for California consumers and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. Further, the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA, recently passed in California. The CPRA significantly amends the CCPA and will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It also created a new California data protection agency that has issued substantive regulations that could result in increased privacy and information security obligations and enforcement. The majority of the provisions went into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may be required. Similar laws have passed in Virginia, Connecticut, Utah and Colorado, and have been enacted or proposed in other states and at the federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States, particularly for health data that is considered sensitive and potentially subject to consent requirements and opt-out rights. In the event that we are subject to or affected by HIPAA, the CCPA, the CPRA or other domestic privacy and data protection laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition.
We are also or may become subject to rapidly evolving data protection laws, rules and regulations in foreign jurisdictions. For example, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, governs certain collection and other processing activities involving personal data about individuals in the European Economic Area, or the EEA. Among other things, the GDPR imposes requirements regarding the security of personal data, the rights of data subjects to access and delete personal data, requires having lawful bases on which personal data can be processed, includes requirements relating to the consent of individuals to whom the personal data relates, and requires detailed notices for clinical trial participants and investigators. The GDPR imposes substantial fines for breaches and violations (up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of our annual global revenue), and also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies and obtain compensation for damages resulting
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from violations of the GDPR. In addition, the GDPR also regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States. Companies transferring the personal data of EU/EEA residents must comply with one of the recognized transfer mechanisms. In July 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU, or the CJEU, limited how organizations could lawfully transfer personal data from the EU/EEA to the United States by invalidating the Privacy Shield for purposes of international transfers and imposing further restrictions on the use of standard contractual clauses, or SCCs. The new EU-US Data Privacy Framework took effect on July 23, 2023 to replace the Privacy Shield to cover data transfer to the United States. On October 12, 2023, the UK approved the Data Bridge, which allows UK organizations to transfer personal data to US organizations that have self-certified to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework.
The European Commission also issued revised SCCs on June 4, 2021 to account for the decision of the CJEU and recommendations made by the European Data Protection Board. The revised SCCs must be used for relevant new data transfers from September 27, 2021; existing SCC arrangements must be migrated to the revised clauses by December 27, 2022. The new SCCs apply only to the transfer of personal data outside of the EEA and not the UK. The UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office has published new data transfer standard contracts for transfers from the UK under the UK GDPR including the Standard Contractual Clauses with a UK Addendum) or the UK's International Data Transfer Agreement (the “IDTA”). This new documentation will be mandatory for relevant data transfers from September 21, 2022; existing SCC arrangements must be migrated to the new documentation by March 21, 2024.
There is still some uncertainty around the extent to which the revised clauses can be used for all types of data transfers, particularly for data transfers to non-EEA entities subject to the GDPR. As supervisory authorities issue further guidance on howpersonal data export mechanisms, including circumstances where the provisionsSCCs cannot be used, and/or start taking enforcement action, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results.
Further, from January 1, 2021, companies have been subject to the GDPR and also the UK GDPR, which, together with the amended UK Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in UK national law. The UK GDPR mirrors the fines under the GDPR, e.g. fines up to the greater of €20 million (£17.5 million) or 4% of global turnover. The European Commission has adopted an adequacy decision in favor of the TCJAUK, enabling data transfers from EU member states to the UK without additional safeguards. However, the UK adequacy decision will automatically expire in June 2025 unless the European Commission re-assesses and renews/extends that decision. In September 2021, the UK government launched a consultation on its proposals for wide-ranging reform of UK data protection laws following Brexit and the response to this consultation was published in June 2022. There is a risk that any material changes which are made to the UK data protection regime could result in the European Commission reviewing the UK adequacy decision, and the UK losing its adequacy decision if the European Commission deems the UK to no longer provide adequate protection for personal data. The relationship between the UK and the EU in relation to certain aspects of data protection law remains unclear, and it is unclear how UK data protection laws and regulations will develop in the medium to longer term, and how data transfers to and from the UK will be appliedregulated in the long term. These changes may lead to additional costs and increase our overall risk exposure.
Compliance with applicable data privacy and security laws, rules and regulations could require us to take on more onerous obligations in our contracts, require us to engage in costly compliance exercises, restrict our ability to collect, use and disclose data, or otherwise administered that differs fromin some cases, impact our current interpretation. In addition, the TCJA couldor our partners’ ability to operate in certain jurisdictions. Each of these constantly evolving laws can be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections,varying interpretations. If we fail to comply with any of whichsuch laws, rules or regulations, we may face government investigations and/or enforcement actions, fines, civil or criminal penalties, private litigation or adverse publicity that could materially lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation on us.

As international expansion ofadversely affect our business, occurs in future years,financial condition and results of operations.

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As we expand internationally, it will increasingly expose us to market, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States.

Our long-term strategy is to increase our international presence, including securing regulatory approvals or certifications in targeted countries outside the United States. We have received CE Mark approval for our ClotTriever and

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FlowTriever products, allowing us to commercialize in Europe.internationally. Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including:

Difficulties in staffing and managing our international operations;

Multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as tax laws, privacy laws, export and import restrictions, employment laws, regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;

Reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

Obtaining regulatory clearance or certification where required for our productssolutions in various countries;

Requirements to maintain data and the processing of that data on servers located within such countries;

Complexities associated with managing multiple payor reimbursement regimes, government payors or patient self-pay systems;

Limits on our ability to penetrate international markets if we are required to manufacture our productssolutions locally;

Financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty collecting accounts receivable, foreign tax laws and complexities of foreign value-added tax systems, the effect of local and regional pricing, market and financial pressures on demand and payment for our products and exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;

Restrictions on the site-of-service for use of our productssolutions and the economics related thereto for physicians, providers and payors;

Natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, political unrest, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other market restrictions; and

Regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over activities subject to regulation under the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or FCPA, U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and comparable laws and regulations in other countries.

Any of these factors could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations or could increase our costs and, consequently, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

Following a national referendum and enactment of legislation by the government of the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom formally withdrew from the European Union and ratified a trade and cooperation agreement governing its future relationship with the European Union. ��The agreement, which is being applied provisionally from January 1, 2021 until it is ratified by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, addresses trade, economic arrangements, law enforcement, judicial cooperation and a governance framework including procedures for dispute resolution, among other things.  Because the agreement merely sets forth a framework in many respects and will require complex additional bilateral negotiations between the United Kingdom and the European Union as both parties continue to work on the rules for implementation, significant political and economic uncertainty remains about how the precise terms of the relationship between the parties will differ from the terms before withdrawal.

 These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and reduce the price of our common stock.

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Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or our customer’s patients, or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we may become exposed to, or collect and store, sensitive data, including procedure-based information and legally-protected health information, credit card, and other financial information, insurance information, and other potentially personally identifiable information. We also store sensitive intellectual property and other proprietary business information. We are taking measures to implement policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable data security and privacy-related laws and regulations and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure. However, our information technology, or IT, and infrastructure, and that of our third-party billing and collections provider and other technology partners and providers, may be vulnerable to cyber attacks by hackers or viruses or breaches due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. We rely extensively on IT systems, networks and services, including internet sites, data hosting and processing facilities and tools, physical security systems and other hardware, software and technical applications and platforms, some of which are managed, hosted, provided and/or used by third-parties or their vendors, to assist in conducting our business. Attacks upon information technology systems are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, and are being conducted by sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience security breaches that may remain undetected for an extended period. A significant breakdown, invasion, corruption, destruction or interruption of critical information technology systems or infrastructure, by our workforce, others with authorized access to our systems or unauthorized persons could negatively impact operations. The ever-increasing use and evolution of technology, including cloud-based computing, creates opportunities for the unintentional dissemination or intentional destruction of confidential information stored in our or our third-party providers’ systems, portable media or storage devices. For example, companies have experienced an increase in phishing and social engineering attacks from third-parties in connection with the COVID-19 global pandemic. We could also experience a business interruption, theft of confidential information or reputational damage from industrial espionage attacks, malware or other cyber-attacks, which may compromise our system infrastructure or lead to data leakage, either internally or at our third-party providers. Although the aggregate impact on our operations and financial condition has not been material to date, we have been the target of events of this nature and expect them to continue as cybersecurity threats have been rapidly evolving in sophistication and becoming more prevalent in the industry. We are investing in protections and monitoring practices of our data and IT to reduce these risks and continue to monitor our systems on an ongoing basis for any current or potential threats. There can be no assurance, however, that our efforts will prevent breakdowns or breaches to our or our third-party providers’ databases or systems, and such breakdowns or breaches could adversely affect our business, our financial condition and our reputation.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws and any investigation, and the outcome of any investigation, by government agencies of possible violations by us of the FCPA could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws prohibit companies and their intermediaries from corruptly providing any benefits to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce, State and Treasury and other federal agencies and authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of economic sanctions laws, export control laws, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other federal statutes and regulations, including those established by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC. In addition, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, or the Bribery Act, prohibits both domestic and international bribery, as well as bribery across both private and public sectors. An organization that fails to prevent bribery by anyone associated with the organization can be charged under the Bribery Act unless the organization can establish the defense of having implemented adequate procedures to prevent bribery. Under these laws and regulations, as well as other anti-corruption laws, anti-money laundering laws, export control laws, customs laws, sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations, various government agencies may require export licenses, may seek to impose modifications to business practices, including cessation of business activities in
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sanctioned countries or with

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sanctioned persons or entities and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs, and may subject us to fines, penalties and other sanctions.

We are in the process of further enhancinghave adopted policies designedand continue to ensureenhance training regarding compliance by us and our directors, officers, employees, representatives, consultants and agents with the FCPA, OFAC restrictions, the Bribery Act and other export control, anti-corruption, anti-money-laundering and anti-terrorism laws and regulations. In the future, we may operate in parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree. Moreover, because of the significant role government entities play in the regulation of many foreign healthcare markets, we may be exposed to heightened FCPA and similar risks arising from our efforts to seek regulatory approval of and reimbursement for our products in such countries. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures will protect us from improper acts committed by our employees or agents, nor can we assure you that our business partners have not engaged and will not engage in conduct that could materially affect their ability to perform their contractual obligations to us or even result in our being held liable for such conduct. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, would significantly disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Our success will depend on

Performance issues, service interruptions or price increases by our and any of our current and future licensors’, ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights.

Our commercial success will depend in part on our, and any of our current or future licensors’, success in obtaining and maintaining issued patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights in the United States and elsewhere and protecting our proprietary technology. If we, or any of our current or future licensors, do not adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology, competitors may be able to use our technologies or the goodwill we have acquired in the marketplace and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could harm our business and ability to achieve profitability.

Our intellectual property coverage includes protection provided by patents licensed through the Inceptus License and Inceptus Sublicense. We rely on Inceptus to maintain the patents and otherwise protect the intellectual property we license directly from them pursuant to the Inceptus License. We further rely on Drexel University to maintain the patents and otherwise protect the intellectual property we sublicense from Inceptus pursuant to the Inceptus Sublicense. Our licensors, including Inceptus and Drexel University, may not successfully prosecute the intellectual property applications, including patent applications, that we have licensed, may fail to maintain these patents, or may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing this intellectual property, or may pursue such litigation less aggressively than we would. If, in the future, we no longer have rights to one or more of these licensed patents or other licensed intellectual property, our intellectual property coverage may be compromised, which, in turn, could affect our ability to protect our products and defend them against competitors. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer substantially identical products for sale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects.

We rely on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures and patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to protect the proprietary aspects of our products, brands, technologies and data. These legal measures afford only limited protection, and competitors or others may gain access to or use our intellectual property and proprietary information. Our success will depend, in part, on preserving our trade secrets, maintaining the security of our data and know-how and obtaining and maintaining other intellectual property rights. We may not be able to obtain or maintain intellectual property or other proprietary rights necessary to our business or in a form that provides us with a competitive advantage.

In addition, despite our efforts to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, clients and other vendors who have access to such information, our trade secrets, data and know-how could be subject to unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure to unauthorized parties, and could otherwise become known or be independently discovered by third parties. Our intellectual property, including trademarks, could be challenged, invalidated, infringed, and circumvented by third parties, and our trademarks could also be diluted, declared generic or found to be infringing on other marks. If any of the foregoing occurs, we could be forced to re-brand our

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products, resulting in loss of brand recognition and requiring us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands, and suffer other competitive harm. Third parties may also adopt trademarks similar to ours, which could harm our brand identity and lead to market confusion.

Failure to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights necessary to our business and failure to protect, monitor and control the use of our intellectual property rightsshipping carriers could negatively impact our ability to compete and cause us to incur significant expenses. The intellectual property laws and other statutory and contractual arrangements in the United States and other jurisdictions we depend upon may not provide sufficient protection in the future to prevent the infringement, use, violation or misappropriation of our trademarks, data, technology and other intellectual property and services, and may not provide an adequate remedy if our intellectual property rights are infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated.

We rely, in part, on our ability to obtain, maintain, expand, enforce, and defend the scope of our intellectual property portfolio or other proprietary rights, including the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection with the licensing, filing, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights. The process of applying for and obtaining a patent is expensive, time consuming and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner, or in all jurisdictions where protection may be commercially advantageous, or we may not be able to protect our proprietary rights at all. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may be able to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary.

We own numerous issued patents and pending patent applications. As of December 31, 2020, we held 19 U.S. patents, which are expected to expire between November 2032 and April 2037, 17 pending U.S. patent applications, four issued foreign patents, 16 pending foreign patent applications and four pending Patent Cooperation Treaty applications, excluding our licensed and sublicensed patents. We also licensed two U.S. patents and sublicensed one U.S. patent. The patent positions of medical device companies, including our patent position, may involve complex legal and factual questions, and therefore, the scope, validity and enforceability of any patent claims that we may obtain cannot be predicted with certainty.

Though an issued patent is presumed valid and enforceable, its issuance is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated or circumvented. Proceedings challenging our patents could result in either loss of the patent, or denial or the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. In addition, such proceedings may be costly. Thus, any patents that we may own may not provide any protection against competitors. Furthermore, an adverse decision may result in a third party receiving a patent right sought by us, which in turn could affect our ability to commercialize our products. Competitors could purchase our products and attempt to replicate or reverse engineer some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, willfully infringe our intellectual property rights, design around our patents, or develop and obtain patent protection for more effective technologies, designs or methods. We may be unable to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or trade secrets by consultants, suppliers, vendors, former employees and current employees. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounter significant problems in protecting our proprietary rights in these countries.

In addition, proceedings to enforce or defend our patents could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly. Such proceedings could also provoke third parties to assert claims against us, including that some or all of the claims in one or more of our patents are invalid or otherwise unenforceable. If any of our patents covering our products are invalidated or found unenforceable, or if a court found that valid, enforceable patents held by third parties covered one or more of our products, our competitive position could be harmed or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce or defend our rights.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

Any of our patents, or any of our pending patent applications, if issued, will include claims having a scope sufficient to protect our products;

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Any of our pending patent applications will issue as patents;

We will be able to successfully commercialize our products on a substantial scale, if approved, before our relevant patents we may have expire;

We were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our patents and pending patent applications;

We were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;

Others will not develop similar or alternative technologies that do not infringe our patents; any of our patents will be found to ultimately be valid and enforceable;

Any patents issued to us will provide a basis for an exclusive market for our commercially viable products, will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties;

We will develop additional proprietary technologies or products that are separately patentable; or

Our commercial activities or products will not infringe upon the patents of others.

Even if we are able to obtain patent protection, such patent protection may be of insufficient scope to achieve our business objectives. Issued patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented. Decisions by courts and governmental patent agencies may introduce uncertainty in the enforceability or scope of patents owned by or licensed to us. Furthermore, the issuance of a patent does not give us the right to practice the patented invention. Third parties may have blocking patents that could prevent us from marketing our own products and practicing our own technology. Alternatively, third parties may seek approval to market their own products similar to or otherwise competitive with our products. In these circumstances, we may need to defend and/or assert our patents, including by filing lawsuits alleging patent infringement. In any of these types of proceedings, a court or agency with jurisdiction may find our patents invalid, unenforceable or not infringed; competitors may then be able to market products and use manufacturing and analytical processes that are substantially similar to ours. Even if we have valid and enforceable patents, these patents still may not provide protection against competing products or processes sufficient to achieve our business objectives.

The U.S. federal government retains certain rights in inventions produced with its financial assistance under the Bayh-Dole Act. The federal government retains a “nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license” for its own benefit. The Bayh-Dole Act also provides federal agencies with “march-in rights.” March-in rights allow the government, in specified circumstances, to require the contractor or successors in title to the patent to grant a “nonexclusive, partially exclusive, or exclusive license” to a “responsible applicant or applicants.” If the patent owner refuses to do so, the government may grant the license to itself. Our business relies heavily on the Inceptus Sublicense, which is a sublicense from Drexel University that is explicitly subject to all applicable U.S. government rights, including, but not limited to, any applicable requirement that products, which result from such intellectual property and are sold in the United States, must be substantially manufactured in the United States. Thus we cannot be sure that some of our intellectual property will be free from government rights or regulations pursuant to the Bayh-Dole Act. If, in the future, we co-own or license in technology which is critical to our business that is developed in whole or in part with federal funds subject to the Bayh-Dole Act, our ability to enforce or otherwise exploit patents covering such technology may be adversely affected.

Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In addition, periodic maintenance fees on issued patents often must be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies over the lifetime of the patent. While an unintentional lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-compliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within

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prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. If we fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our products, we may not be able to stop a competitor from marketing products that are the same as or similar to our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Changes in patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our existing and future products.

Recent patent reform legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of patent applications and the enforcement or defense of issued patents. In 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted and also may affect patent litigation. These also include provisions that switched the United States from a “first-to-invent” system to a “first-to-file” system, allow third-party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and set forth additional procedures to attack the validity of a patent by the USPTO administered post grant proceedings. Under a first-to-file system, assuming the other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application generally will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether another inventor had made the invention earlier. The USPTO recently developed new regulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular, the first to file provisions, only became effective in 2013. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. The Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, patent reform legislation may pass inoperations and harm our reputation and the future that could leadrelationship between us and the hospitals we work with.

Expedited, reliable shipping is essential to additional uncertaintiesour operations. We rely heavily on providers of transport services for reliable and increased costs surrounding the prosecution, enforcement and defensesecure point-to-point transport of our patentssolutions to our customers and applications. Furthermore, the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Courtfor tracking of Appeals for the Federal Circuit have made, and will likely continue to make, changes in how the patent lawsthese shipments. Should a carrier encounter delivery performance issues such as loss, damage or destruction of the United States are interpreted. Similarly, foreign courts have made, and will likely continue to make, changes in how the patent laws in their respective jurisdictions are interpreted. We cannot predict future changes in the interpretation of patent laws or changes to patent laws that might be enacted into law by U.S. and foreign legislative bodies. Those changes may materially affect our patents or patent applications and our ability to obtain additional patent protection in the future.

We may become a party to intellectual property litigation or administrative proceedings that couldany systems, it would be costly to replace such systems in a timely manner and could interfere with our ability to sell and market our products.

The medical device industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights, and companies in the industry have used intellectual property litigation to gain a competitive advantage. It is possible that U.S. and foreign patents and pending patent applications or trademarks controlled by third partiessuch occurrences may be alleged to cover our products, or that we may be accused of misappropriating third parties’ trade secrets. Additionally, our products include components that we purchase from vendors, and may include design components that are outside of our direct control. Our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources and have made substantial investments in patent portfolios, trade secrets, trademarks, and competing technologies, may have applied for or obtained, or may in the future apply for or obtain, patents or trademarks that will prevent, limit or otherwise interfere with our ability to make, use, sell and/or export our products or to use our technologies or product names. Moreover, in recent years, individuals and groups that are non-practicing entities, commonly referred to as “patent trolls,” have purchased patents and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement in order to extract settlements. From time to time, we may receive threatening letters, notices or “invitations to license,” or may be the subject of claims that our products and business operations infringe or violate the intellectual property rights of others. The defense of these matters can be time consuming, costly to defend in litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, damage our reputation and brandlead to decreased demand for our solutions and cause us to incur significant expenses or make substantial payments. Vendors from whom we purchase hardware or software may not indemnify us in the event that such hardware or software is accused of infringing a third-party’s patent or trademark or of misappropriating a third-party’s trade secret.

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Since patent applications are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we were the first to file any patent application relatedincreased cost and expense to our products. Competitors may also contest our patents, if issued, by showing the patent examiner that the invention was not original, was not novel or was obvious. In litigation, a competitor could claim that our patents, if issued, are not valid for a number of reasons. If a court agrees, we would lose our rights to those challenged patents.

business. In addition, we mayany significant increase in the future be subject to claims by our former employees or consultants asserting an ownership right in our patents, patent applications or other intellectual property, as a result of the work they performed on our behalf. Although we generally require all of our employees and consultants and any other partners or collaborators who have access to our proprietary know-how, information or technology to assign or grant similar rights to their inventions to us, we cannot be certain that we have executed such agreements with all parties who may have contributed to our intellectual property, nor can we be certain that our agreements with such parties will be upheld in the face of a potential challenge, or that they will not be breached, for which we may not have an adequate remedy.

Any lawsuits relating to intellectual property rights could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidate our proprietary rights. Any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to do one or more of the following:

Stop making, selling or using products or technologies that allegedly infringe the asserted intellectual property;

Lose the opportunity to license our intellectual property to others or to collect royalty payments based upon successful protection and assertion of our intellectual property rights against others; incur significant legal expenses;

Pay substantial damages or royalties to the party whose intellectual property rights we may be found to be infringing;

Pay the attorney’s fees and costs of litigation to the party whose intellectual property rights we may be found to be infringing;

Redesign those products or technologies that contain the allegedly infringing intellectual property, which could be costly, disruptive and infeasible; and

Attempt to obtain a license to the relevant intellectual property from third parties, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, or from third parties who may attempt to license rights that they do not have.

In addition, if we are found to willfully infringe third-party patents or trademarks or to have misappropriated trade secrets, we could be required to pay treble damages in addition to other penalties. Although patent, trademark, trade secret, and other intellectual property disputes in the medical device area have often been settled through licensing or similar arrangements, costs associated with such arrangements may be substantial and could include ongoing royalties. We may be unable to obtain necessary licenses on satisfactory terms, if at all. If we do not obtain necessary licenses, we may not be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement.

Any litigation or claim against us, even those without merit and even those where we prevail, may cause us to incur substantial costs, and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business and harm our reputation. If we are found to infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, we could be required to pay substantial damages (which may be increased up to three times of awarded damages) and/or substantial royalties and could be prevented from selling our products unless we obtain a license or are able to redesign our products to avoid infringement. Any such license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to redesign our products in a way that would not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. We could encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to develop alternative methods or products. If we fail to obtain any required licenses or make any necessary changes to our products or technologies, we may have to withdraw existing products from the market or may be unable to commercialize one or more of our products.

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In addition, we generally indemnify our customers with respect to infringement by our products of the proprietary rights of third parties. However, third parties may assert infringement claims against our customers. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our customers, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed or settle, we may be forced to pay damages or settlement payments on behalf of our customers or may be required to obtain licenses for the products they use. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our customers may be forced to stop using our products.

Similarly, interference or derivation proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by the USPTO may be necessary to determine priority with respect to our patents, patent applications, trademarks or trademark applications. We may also become involved in other proceedings, such as reexamination, inter parties review, derivation or opposition proceedings before the USPTO or other jurisdictional body relating to our intellectual property rights or the intellectual property rights of others. Adverse determinations in a judicial or administrative proceeding or failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from manufacturing our products or using product names, which would have a significant adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, we may file lawsuits or initiate other proceedings to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful. Competitors may infringe our issued patents or other intellectual property. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. Any claims we assert against perceived infringers could provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we infringe their intellectual property. In addition, in a patent or other intellectual property infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent or other intellectual property of ours is invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, construe the patent’s claims or other intellectual property narrowly or refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents or other intellectual property do not cover the technology in question. Furthermore, even if our patents or other intellectual property are found to be valid and infringed, a court may refuse to grant injunctive relief against the infringer and instead grant us monetary damages and/or ongoing royalties. Such monetary compensation may be insufficient to adequately offset the damage to our business caused by the infringer’s competition in the market. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put one or more of our patents or other intellectual property at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, whichshipping rates could adversely affect our competitive business position, financial conditionoperating margins and results of operations.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our other proprietary information, our business and competitive position may be harmed.

In addition to patent protection, we also rely on other proprietary rights, including protection of trade secrets, and other proprietary information that is not patentable or that we elect not to patent. However, trade secrets can be difficult to protect and some courts are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. To maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and proprietary information, we rely heavily on confidentiality provisions that we have in contracts with our employees, consultants, collaborators and others upon the commencement of their relationship with us. We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes. We may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge Similarly, strikes, severe weather, natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts or other trade secrets by such third parties, despite the existence generally of these confidentiality restrictions. These contracts may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary informationevents resulting in the event the unwantedservice interruptions affecting delivery services we use is outside the scope of the provisions of the contracts or in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information. There can be no assurance that such third parties will not breach their agreements with us, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or independently developed by competitors. Despite the protections we do place on our intellectual property or other proprietary rights, monitoring unauthorized use and disclosure of our intellectual property is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights will be adequate. In addition, the laws of many foreign countries will not protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Consequently, we may be unable to prevent our proprietary technology from being exploited abroad, which could adversely affect our ability to expandprocess orders for our solutions on a timely basis.

Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, gross receipts, value added or similar taxes and may successfully impose additional obligations on us.
One or more jurisdictions may seek to internationalimpose additional tax collection obligations on us, including for past sales. A successful assertion by a state, country, or other jurisdiction that we should have been or should be collecting additional sales, use, or other taxes on our solutions could, among other things, result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, create significant administrative burdens for us, discourage users from purchasing our solutions, or otherwise harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to risks associated with pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks of infectious disease. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted nearly all aspects of our business and markets, or require costly effortsincluding our workforce and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers, and business partners. Other future public health crises could have a similar impact. The extent to protectwhich our technology. financial condition is impacted by any such crisis will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict.
To the extent a future health crisis adversely affects our intellectual

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property or other proprietary information protection is incomplete, we are exposed to a greater riskbusiness and financial results, it may also have the effect of direct competition. A third party could, without authorization, copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology, or develop similar technology. Our competitors could purchase our products and attempt to replicate some or allheightening many of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts or design around our protected technology. other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rightsbusiness may be adversely affected by unfavorable macroeconomic conditions.
Various macroeconomic factors could substantially harm the value of our products, brand and business. The theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information could reduce the differentiation of our products and harm our business, the value of our investment in development or business acquisitions could be reduced and third parties might make claims against us related to losses of their confidential or proprietary information. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Further, it is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or products or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology,operations, including changes in inflation, interest rates and in such cases we could not assert anyoverall economic conditions and uncertainties, including those resulting from political instability (including workforce uncertainty), trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our trade secret rights and related confidentiality and nondisclosure provisions. If we fail to obtain or maintain trade secret protection, or if our competitors obtain our trade secrets or independently develop technology or products similar to ours or competing technologies or products, our competitive market position could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, some courts are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets and agreement terms that address non-competition are difficult to enforce in many jurisdictions and might not be enforceable in certain cases.

We also seek to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our data and other confidential information by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these individuals, organizations and systems, agreements or security measures may be breached and detecting the disclosure or misappropriation of confidential information and enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated confidential information is difficult, expensive and time-consuming,disputes between nations and the outcome is unpredictable. Further, we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for any breach.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

A company may attempt to commercialize competing products utilizing our proprietary design, trademarks or tradenames in foreign countries where we do not have any patents or patent applications and where legal recourse may be limited. This may have a significant commercial impact on our foreign business operations.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents or trademarks on our current and future products in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive. The requirements for patentability and trademarking may differ in certain countries, particularly developing countries. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as lawsconditions in the United States. Consequently, we may not be ableglobal financial markets. For example, if inflation or other

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factors were to prevent third parties from utilizing our inventions and trademarks in all countries outside the United States. Competitors may use our technologies or trademarks in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent or trademark protection to develop or market their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent and trademark protection, but enforcement on infringing activities is inadequate. These products or trademarks may compete with our products or trademarks, and our patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trademarks and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents and trademarks or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent and trademarks rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects ofsignificantly increase our business could put our patents and trademarks in those jurisdictions, as well as elsewhere at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent or trademark applications at risk, and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Certain countries in Europe and certain developing countries, including India

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and China, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In those countries, we may have limited remedies if our patents are infringed or if we are compelled to grant a license to our patents to a third party, which could materially diminish the value of those patents. This could limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we own or license. Finally, our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be adversely affected by unforeseen changes in foreign intellectual property laws.

We may be subject to claims that we or our employees have misappropriated the intellectual property of a third party, including trade secrets or know-how, or are in breach of non-competition or non-solicitation agreements with our competitors.

Many of our employees and consultants were previously employed at or engaged by other medical device, biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Some of these employees, consultants and contractors, may have executed proprietary rights, non-disclosure and non-competition agreements in connection with such previous employment. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the intellectual property, proprietary information, know-how or trade secrets of others in their work for us,costs, we may be subjectunable to claims that wepass through price increases to our customers.

Interest rates and the ability to access credit markets could also adversely affect the ability of our customers to purchase our products. Similarly, these macroeconomic factors could affect the ability of our current or these individuals have, inadvertentlypotential future manufacturers, sole source or single source suppliers, licensors or licensees to remain in business, or otherwise misappropriated the intellectual propertymanufacture or disclosed the alleged trade secretssupply components, materials or other proprietary information, of these former employers or competitors.

Additionally, we may be subject to claims from third parties challenging our ownership interest in intellectual property we regard as our own, based on claims that our employees or consultants have breached an obligation to assign inventions to another employer, to a former employer, or to another person or entity. Litigation may be necessary to defend against any other claims, and it may be necessary or we may desire to enter into a license to settle any such claim; however, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If our defense to those claims fails, in addition to paying monetary damages, a court could prohibit us from using technologies or features that are essentialservices relevant to our products, if such technologies or features are foundproducts. Failure by any of them to incorporate or be derived from the trade secrets or other proprietary information of the former employers. An inability to incorporate technologies or features that are important or essential to our productsremain in business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and may prevent us from selling our products. In addition, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and could be a distraction to management. Any litigation or the threat thereof may adversely affect our ability to hire employeesmanufacture products or contractmeet demand for our products.

Also, as a result of the current geopolitical tensions and conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the recent invasion by Russia of Ukraine, the governments of the United States, European Union, Japan and other jurisdictions have recently announced the imposition of sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia and certain impacted regions, as well as enhanced export controls on certain products and industries. These and any additional sanctions and export controls, as well as any counter responses by the governments of Russia or other jurisdictions, could adversely affect, directly or indirectly, the global supply chain, with independent sales representatives. A lossnegative implications on the availability and prices of key personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize our products, which could have an adverse effectraw materials and components, as well as the on our business,global financial conditionmarkets and results of operations.

financial services industry.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

Our productssolutions and operations are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight in the United States.

States and in foreign countries.

Our productssolutions are regulated as medical devices. We and our productssolutions are subject to extensive regulation in the United States, including by the FDA, and in the EU by the regulatory authorities of the EU member states, and may in the future be subject to regulation elsewhere and by the FDA’s foreign counterparts. The FDA and foreign regulatory agencies regulate, among other things, with respect to medical devices: design, development, manufacturing and release; laboratory, preclinical and clinical testing; labeling, packaging, content and language of instructions for use and storage; product safety and efficacy; establishment registration and device listing; marketing, sales and distribution; pre-market clearance, and approval;approval, certification; service operations; record keeping procedures; advertising and promotion; recalls and field safety corrective actions; post-market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, could lead to death or serious injury; post-market studies; and product import and export.

The regulations to which we are subject are complex and have tended to become more stringent over time. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to carry on or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales. The FDA enforcesand foreign regulatory authorities enforce these regulatory requirements through, among other means, periodic unannounced inspections. We do not know whether we will be found compliant in connection with any future FDA or foreign regulatory authorities’ inspections. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could jeopardize our ability to sell

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our productssolutions and result in enforcement actions such as: warning letters; fines; injunctions; civil penalties; termination of distribution; recalls or seizures of products; delays in the introduction of products into the market; total or partial suspension of production; refusal to grant future clearances, approvals or approvals;certifications; withdrawals or suspensions of current approvals or certifications, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products;solutions; and in the most serious cases, criminal penalties.

We may not receive, or may be delayed in receiving, the necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our future productssolutions or modifications to our current products,solutions, and failure to timely obtain necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our future productssolutions or modifications to our current productssolutions would adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

In the United States, before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, new claim for or significant modification to an existing product,solution, we must first receive either clearance under Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FDCA, or approval of a pre-market approval application, or PMA, from the FDA, unless an exemption applies. In the 510(k) clearance process, before a device may be marketed, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a legally-marketed “predicate” device, which includes a device that has been previously cleared through the 510(k) process, a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device), a device that was originally on the U.S. market
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pursuant to an approved PMA and later down-classified, or a 510(k)-exempt device. To be “substantially equivalent,”equivalent”, the proposed device must have the same intended use as the predicate device, and either have the same technological characteristics as the predicate device or have different technological characteristics and not raise different questions of safety or effectiveness than the predicate device. Clinical data are sometimes required to support substantial equivalence. In the process of obtaining PMA approval, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is safe and effective for its intended use based, in part, on extensive data, including, but not limited to, technical, preclinical, clinical trial, manufacturing and labeling data. The PMA process is typically required for devices that are deemed to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices.

Modifications to productssolutions that are approved through a PMA application generally require FDA approval. Similarly, certain modifications made to products cleared through a 510(k) may require a new 510(k) clearance. Both the PMA approval and the 510(k) clearance process can be expensive, lengthy and uncertain. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from three to 12 months, but can last longer. The process of obtaining a PMA is much more costly and uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process and generally takes from one to three years, or even longer, from the time the application is submitted to the FDA. In addition, a PMA generally requires the performance of one or more clinical trials. Despite the time, effort and cost, a device may not be approved or cleared by the FDA. Any delay or failure to obtain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals could harm our business. Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses for the device, which may limit the market for the device.

In the United States, weour VTE and clot removal Emerging Therapy products are Class II devices that are subject to 510(k) clearance and our LimFlow products are Class III devices that are subject to PMA approval. We have obtained clearance of our ClotTrievercurrently marketed VTE and FlowTriever productsclot removal Emerging Therapy solutions through the 510(k) clearance process.process and the LimFlow system has received PMA approval. Any modification to these systemsour cleared or approved products that has not been previously cleared or approved may require us to submit a new 510(k) premarket notification and obtain clearance, or submit a PMA and obtain FDA approval, as applicable, prior to implementing the change. Specifically, anyAny modification to a 510(k)-cleared device that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, design or manufacture, requires a new 510(k) clearance or, possibly, approval of a PMA. The FDA requires every manufacturer to make this determination in the first instance, but the FDA may review any manufacturer’s decision. The FDA may not agree with our decisions regarding whether new clearances or approvals are necessary. We have made modifications to 510(k)-cleared products in the past and have determined based on our review of the applicable FDA regulations and guidance that in certain instances new 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals were not required. We may make modifications or add additional features in the future that we believe do not require a new 510(k) clearance or approval of a PMA. If the FDA disagrees with our determination and requires us to submit new 510(k) notifications or PMA applications for modifications to our previously cleared or approved products for which we have concluded that new clearances or approvals are unnecessary, we may be required to cease marketing or to recall the modified product until we obtain clearance or approval, and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties. If the FDA requires us to go through a lengthier, more rigorous examination for future products or modifications to existing products than we had expected, product introductions or modifications could be delayed or canceled, which could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

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The FDA, foreign regulatory authorities or notified bodies can delay, limit or deny clearance, approval or approvalcertification of a device for many reasons, including:

Our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable regulatory entity or notified body that our productssolutions are safe or effective for their intended uses;

The disagreement of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory bodyauthorities or notified bodies with the design or implementation of our clinical trialsstudies or the interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;

studies;

Serious and unexpected adverse device effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials;

studies;

The data from our preclinical studies and clinical trialsstudies may be insufficient to support clearance, approval or approval,certification, where required;

Our inability to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of the device outweigh the risks;

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The manufacturing process or facilities we use may not meet applicable requirements; and

The potential for approval policies or regulations of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory bodies to change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data or regulatory filings insufficient for clearance or approval.

In

Subject to transitional provisions, in order to sell our productssolutions in EU member countries of the European Union, or the EU,states, our productssolutions must comply with the essentialgeneral safety and performance requirements of the EU Medical Devices Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 2017/745 which repeals and replaces the former EU Medical Devices Directive (Council Directive 93/42/EEC). Compliance with these requirements is a prerequisite to be able to affix the CE mark to our products,solutions, without which they cannot be sold or marketed in the EU. All medical devices placed on the market in the EU must meet the general safety and performance requirements laid down in Annex I to the EU Medical Devices Regulation including the requirement that a medical device must be designed and manufactured in such a way that, during normal conditions of use, it is suitable for its intended purpose. Medical devices must be safe and effective and must not compromise the clinical condition or safety of patients, or the safety and health of users and – where applicable – other persons, provided that any risks which may be associated with their use constitute acceptable risks when weighed against the benefits to the patient and are compatible with a high level of protection of health and safety, taking into account the generally acknowledged state of the art.
To demonstrate compliance with the essentialgeneral safety and performance requirements, we must undergo a conformity assessment procedure, which varies according to the type of medical device and its (risk)risk classification. Except for low-risk medical devices (Class I non-sterile, non-measuring devices), where the manufacturer can self-declareself-assess the conformity of its products with the essentialgeneral safety and performance requirements of the EU Medical Devices Directive,Regulation (except for any parts which relate to sterility, metrology or reuse aspects), a conformity assessment procedure requires the intervention of an organization accredited or licensed by a member state of the EU to conduct conformity assessments, or a Notified Body. Depending on the relevant conformity assessment procedure, the Notified Bodynotified body. The notified body would typically audit and examine the technical file and the quality system for the manufacture, design and final inspection of our devices. The Notified BodyIf satisfied that the relevant product conforms to the relevant general safety and performance requirements, the notified body issues a certificate of conformity, following successful completion of a conformity assessment procedure conducted in relation to the medical device and its manufacturer and their conformity with the essential requirements. This certificate entitleswhich the manufacturer to affixuses as a basis for its own declaration of conformity. The manufacturer may then apply the CE mark to its medical devices after having prepared and signed a related EC Declaration of Conformity.

As a general rule, demonstration of conformity of medical devices and their manufacturers with the essential requirements mustdevice, which allows the device to be based, among other things,placed on the evaluation of clinical data supportingmarket throughout the safety and performance of the products during normal conditions of use. Specifically, a manufacturer must demonstrate that the device achieves its intended performance during normal conditions of use, that the known and foreseeable risks, and any adverse events, are minimized and acceptable when weighed against the benefits of its intended performance, and that any claims made about the performance and safety of the device are supported by suitable evidence.EU. If we fail to remain in compliancecomply with applicable European laws and directives and national member states laws,regulations, we would be unable to affix or to continue to affix the CE mark to our products,solutions, which would prevent us from selling them within the EU.

Further, we must inform the notified body that carried out the conformity assessment of the medical devices that we market or sell in the EU and the EEA of any planned substantial changes to our quality system or substantial changes to our medical devices that could affect compliance with the general safety and performance requirements laid down in Annex I to the EU Medical Devices Regulation or cause a substantial change to the intended use for which the device has been CE marked. The notified body will then assess the planned changes and verify whether they affect the products’ ongoing conformity with the EU Medical Devices Regulation. If the assessment is favorable, the notified body will issue a new certificate of conformity or an addendum to the existing certificate attesting compliance with the general safety and performance requirements and quality system requirements laid down in the Annexes to the EU Medical Devices Regulation. The notified body may disagree with our proposed changes and product introductions or modifications could be delayed or canceled, which could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.
The aforementioned EU rules are generally applicable in the European Economic Area, or EEA, which consists of the 27 EU member states plus Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland.

Following the end of the “Brexit” Transition Period, from 1 January 2021 onwards, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) will be responsible for the UK medical device market. The new regulations will require medical devices to be registered Non-compliance with the MHRA (but manufacturers will be given a grace period of four to 12 months to comply with the new registration process). Manufacturers based outside the UK will need to appoint a UK Responsible Person to register devices with the MHRAabove requirements would also prevent us from selling our solutions in line with the grace periods. By July 1, 2023, in the UK (England, Scotland, and Wales), all medical devices will require a UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) mark but CE marks issued by EU Notified Bodies will remain valid until this time. However, UKCA

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marking alone will not be recognized in the EU. The rules for placing medical devices on the Northern Ireland market will differ from those in the UK.

Failure to comply with post-marketing regulatory requirements could subject us to enforcement actions, including substantial penalties, and might require us to recall or withdraw a product from the market.

Even though we have obtained FDA clearance for our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products in the United States, we are subject to ongoing and pervasive regulatory requirements governing, among other things, the manufacture, marketing, advertising, medical device reporting, sale, promotion, import, export, registration, and listing of devices. For example, we must submit periodic reports to the FDA as a condition of 510(k) clearance. These reports include information about failures and certain adverse events associated with the device after its clearance. Failure to submit such reports, or failure to submit the reports in a timely manner, could result in enforcement action by the FDA. Following its review of the periodic reports, the FDA might ask for additional information or initiate further investigation.

The regulations to which we are subject are complex and have become more stringent over time. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to continue or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs, or lower than anticipated sales. Even after we have obtained the proper regulatory clearance to market a device, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations and applicable foreign laws and regulations. The FDA, state and foreign regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers. these three countries.

Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, state or foreign regulatory authorities, which may include any of the following sanctions:

Untitled letters, warning letters or adverse publicity;

Fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;

Recalls, termination of distribution, administrative detention, or seizure of our products;

Customer notifications or repair, replacement or refunds;

Operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;

Delays in or refusal to grant our requests for future clearances or approvals or foreign marketing authorizations of new products, new intended uses, or modifications to existing products;

Withdrawals or suspensions of our current 510(k) clearances, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products;

FDA refusal to issue certificates to foreign governments needed to export products for sale in other countries; and

Criminal prosecution.

Any of these sanctions could result in higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the FDA may change its clearance policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay clearance or approval of our future products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared products on a timely basis. Such policy or regulatory changes could impose additional requirements upon us that could delay our ability to obtain new clearances or approvals, increase the costs of compliance or restrict our ability to maintain our clearances of our current products. For example, the FDA recently announced forthcoming steps that the FDA intends to take to modernize the premarket notification pathway under Section 510(k) of the FDCA. For more information, see “—Legislative or regulatory reforms in the United States or the EU may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearances or approvals for our products or to manufacture, market or distribute our products after clearance or approval is obtained.”

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Our products must be manufactured in accordance with federal and state regulations, and we could be forced to recall our devices or terminate production if we fail to comply with these regulations.

The methods used in, and the facilities used for, the manufacture of our products must comply with the FDA’s QSR, which is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the procedures and documentation of the design, testing, production, process controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, handling, storage, distribution, installation, servicing and shipping of medical devices. Furthermore, we are required to maintain, and to verify that our suppliers maintain, facilities, procedures and operations that comply with our quality standards and applicable regulatory requirements. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic announced or unannounced inspections of medical device manufacturing facilities, which may include the facilities of subcontractors. No FDA inspection has been conducted at our current facility in Irvine, California. As described below, we initiated a voluntary recall of three lots of our Triever aspiration catheters in March 2020, and it is possible that the FDA will conduct an announced or unannounced inspection of our facility to review our procedures and operations. Our products will also be subject to similar state regulations, various laws and regulations of foreign countries governing manufacturing and a requirement for adherence to industry standards of the International Standards Organization, or ISO, in connection with our medical device operations to maintain future CE marks.

Our third-party manufacturers may not take the necessary steps to comply with applicable regulations, which could cause delays in the delivery of our products. In addition, failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements or later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products or manufacturing processes could result in, among other things: warning letters or untitled letters; fines, injunctions or civil penalties; suspension or withdrawal of approvals; seizures or recalls of our products; total or partial suspension of production or distribution; administrative or judicially imposed sanctions; the FDA’s refusal to grant pending or future clearances or approvals for our products; clinical holds; refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and criminal prosecution of us, our suppliers, or our employees.

We have received ISO 13485:2016 certification for our quality management system. ISO certification generally includes recertification audits every third year, scheduled annual surveillance audits and periodic unannounced audits.

We can provide no assurance that we will be found to remain in compliance with the QSR or ISO standards upon a regulator’s review. If the FDA or the California Department of Public Health, or other regulator, inspects any of our facilities and discovers compliance problems, we may have to cease manufacturing and product distribution until we can take the appropriate remedial steps to correct the audit findings. Any of the actions noted above could significantly and negatively affect supply of our products. Taking corrective action may be expensive, time-consuming and a distraction for management. If any of these events occurs, our reputation could be harmed, we could be exposed to product liability claims and we could lose customers and experience reduced sales and increased costs.

Our productssolutions may cause or contribute to adverse medical events or be subject to failures or malfunctions that we are required to report to the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities, and if we fail to do so, we would be subject to sanctions that could negatively affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. The discovery of serious safety issues with our products,solutions, or a recall of our productssolutions either voluntarily or at the direction of the FDA or another governmental authority, could have a negative impact on us.

We are subject to the FDA’s medical device reporting regulations and similar foreign regulations, which require us to report to the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities when we receive or become aware of information that reasonably suggests that one or more of our productssolutions may have caused or contributed to a death or serious
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injury or malfunctioned in a way that, if the malfunction were to recur, it could cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. The timing of our obligation to report is triggered by the date we become aware of the adverse event as well as the nature of the event. We may fail to report adverse events of which we become aware within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to recognize that we have become aware of a reportable adverse event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event or if it is an adverse event that is unexpected or removed in time from the use of the product. If we fail to comply with our reporting obligations, the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities could take action, including warning letters, untitled letters, administrative actions, criminal prosecution, imposition of civil monetary penalties, revocation of our device clearance or approval, seizure of our productssolutions or delay in clearance, approval or approvalcertification of future products.

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solutions.

The FDA and foreign regulatory bodies have the authority to require the recall of commercialized products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture of a product or in the event that a product poses an unacceptable risk to health. The FDA’s authority to require a recall must be based on a finding that there is reasonable probability that the device could cause serious injury or death. We may also choose to voluntarily recall a product if any material deficiency is found. For example, in March 2020, we initiated a voluntary recall of three lots of our Triever aspiration catheters (371 products in total) because of a potential leak and failure to seal in the hemostasis valve on the catheters, which could result in the loss of vacuum pressure and aspiration during use. We voluntarily initiated this recall after we received customer reports regarding potential leaks involving 12 products in the three impacted lots. All affected customers have been notified and have responded to the recall notice. We have not received any customer reports following the recall notice and there have been no reported adverse patient outcomes resulting from the impacted products. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us could occur as a result of an unacceptable risk to health, component failures, malfunctions, manufacturing defects, labeling or design deficiencies, packaging defects or other deficiencies or failures to comply with applicable regulations. Product defects or other errors may occur in the future.

If we initiate a correction or removal for our productssolutions to reduce a risk to health posed by them or to remedy a violation of law that may present a risk to health, we would be required to submit a report to the FDA and may be required to submit similar notifications to other regulatory authorities. ThisSuch a report could lead to increased scrutiny by the FDA, other international regulatory agencies and our customers regarding the quality and safety of our products.solutions. Furthermore, the submission of these reports, to the extent made publicly available in accordance with FDA or foreign regulations, could be used by competitors against us and cause physicians to delay or cancel product orders, which will harm our reputation.

If we assess a potential quality issue or complaint as not requiring either field action or regulatory notification, regulators may review documentation of that decision during a subsequent audit. If regulators disagree with our decision, or take issue with either our investigation process or the resulting documentation, regulatory agencies may impose sanctions and we may be subject to regulatory enforcement actions, including warning letters, allany of which willwould negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Depending on the corrective action we take to redress a product’s deficiencies or defects, the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities or notified bodies may require, or we may decide, that we will need to obtain new clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications for the device before we may market or distribute the corrected device. Seeking such clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications may delay our ability to replace the recalled devices in a timely manner. Moreover, if we do not adequately address problems associated with our devices, we may face additional regulatory enforcement action, including FDA or foreign regulatory authorities warning letters, product seizure, injunctions, administrative penalties or civil or criminal fines.

Companies are required to maintain certain records of recalls and corrections, even if they are not reportable to the FDA.FDA or foreign regulatory authorities. We may initiate voluntary withdrawals or corrections for our productssolutions in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA.FDA or foreign regulatory authorities. If the FDA disagreesor foreign regulatory authorities disagree with our determinations, it could require us to report those actions as recalls and we may be subject to enforcement action. A future recall announcement could harm our reputation with customers, potentially lead to product liability claims against us and negatively affect our sales. Any corrective action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, will require the dedication of our time and capital, distract management from operating our business and will negatively affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our solutions must be manufactured in accordance with federal, state and foreign regulations, and we could be forced to recall our devices or terminate production if we fail to comply with these regulations.
The methods used in, and the facilities used for, the manufacture of our solutions must comply with the FDA’s QSR, which is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the procedures and documentation of the design, testing, production, process controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, handling, storage, distribution, installation, servicing and shipping of medical devices. Furthermore, we are required to maintain, and to verify that our suppliers maintain, facilities, procedures and operations that comply with our quality standards and applicable regulatory requirements. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic announced or unannounced inspections of medical device manufacturing facilities, which may include the facilities of subcontractors. No FDA inspection has been conducted at our current facility in Irvine, California. In March 2020, we initiated a voluntary recall of three lots of our Triever aspiration catheters, and it is possible that the FDA will conduct an announced or unannounced inspection of our facility to review our procedures and operations. Our solutions are also subject to similar state regulations, various laws and regulations of foreign countries governing manufacturing and a requirement for adherence to industry standards of the International Standards Organization, or ISO, in connection with our medical device operations to maintain our certifications.
Our third-party manufacturers may not take the necessary steps to comply with applicable regulations, which could cause delays in the delivery of our solutions. In addition, failure to comply with applicable FDA or foreign requirements or later discovery of previously unknown problems with our solutions or manufacturing processes could result in, among other things: warning letters or untitled letters; fines, injunctions or civil penalties; suspension or withdrawal of approvals; seizures or recalls of our solutions; total or partial suspension of production or distribution; administrative or judicially imposed sanctions; the FDA’s or notified bodies’ refusal to grant pending or future clearances, approvals or certifications for our solutions; clinical holds; refusal to permit the import or export of our solutions; and criminal prosecution of us, our suppliers, or our employees.
In the EU, we are also required to demonstrate compliance with similar quality system requirements which are laid down in the relevant Annexes to the EU Medical Devices Regulation. Such compliance can be supported by, among other things, a certificate of compliance with ISO 13485:2016. Demonstration of compliance with the ISO 13485:2016 standard permits manufacturers to benefit from a presumption of conformity with the corresponding quality system requirements laid down in such Annexes to EU Medical Devices Regulation. We have received ISO 13485:2016 certification for our quality management system. ISO certification generally includes recertification audits every third year, scheduled annual surveillance audits and periodic unannounced audits. Failure to comply with such standards could adversely impact our business.
We can provide no assurance that we will be found to remain in compliance with the QSR or ISO standards upon a regulator’s or notified body’s review. If the FDA or the California Department of Public Health, or other regulator or notified body, inspects or audits any of our facilities and discovers compliance problems, we may have to cease manufacturing and product distribution until we can take the appropriate remedial steps to correct the audit findings. Any of the actions noted above could significantly and negatively affect supply of our solutions. Taking corrective action may be expensive, time-consuming and a distraction for management. If any of these events occurs, our reputation could be harmed, we could be exposed to product liability claims and we could lose customers and experience reduced sales and increased costs.
Failure to comply with post-marketing regulatory requirements could subject us to enforcement actions, including substantial penalties, and might require us to recall or withdraw a device from the market.
Even though we have obtained FDA clearance and approval (as applicable) for our solutions in the United States and these devices have been certified in the EU, we are subject to ongoing and pervasive regulatory requirements governing, among other things, the manufacture, marketing, advertising, medical device reporting, sale, promotion, import, export, registration, and listing of devices. For example, we must submit periodic reports to the FDA as a condition of 510(k) clearance and PMA approval. These reports include information about failures and certain adverse events associated with the device after its clearance or approval. Failure to submit such reports, or failure to submit the reports in a timely manner, could result in enforcement action by the FDA. Following its review of the periodic reports, the FDA might ask for additional information or initiate further investigation.
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The regulations to which we are subject are complex and have become more stringent over time. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to continue or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs, or lower than anticipated sales. Even after we have obtained the proper regulatory clearance or certification to market a device, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations and applicable foreign laws and regulations. The FDA, state and foreign regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, state or foreign regulatory authorities, which may include any of the following sanctions:
Untitled letters, warning letters or adverse publicity;
Fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
Recalls, termination of distribution, administrative detention, or seizure of our solutions;
Customer notifications or repair, replacement or refunds;
Operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
Delays in or refusal to grant our requests for future clearances or approvals or foreign marketing authorizations or certifications of new solutions, new intended uses, or modifications to existing solutions;
Withdrawals or suspensions of our current 510(k) clearances, PMA approvals or certifications, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our solutions;
FDA refusal to issue certificates to foreign governments needed to export solutions for sale in other countries; and
Criminal prosecution.
Any of these sanctions could result in higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the FDA may change its clearance policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, as is the case in the EU, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay clearance or approval of our future solutions under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared solutions on a timely basis. Such policy or regulatory changes could impose additional requirements upon us that could delay our ability to obtain new clearances or approvals, increase the costs of compliance or restrict our ability to maintain our clearances of our current solutions.
If we do not obtain and maintain international regulatory registrations, clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications for our products,solutions, we will be unable to market and sell our productssolutions outside of the United States.

Any current and future sales of our productssolutions outside of the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country. In addition, the FDA regulates exports of medical devices from the United States. While the regulations of some countries may not impose barriers to marketing and selling our productssolutions or only require notification, others require that we obtain the clearance, approval or approvalcertification of a specified regulatory body.body, such as a notified body in the EU. Complying with foreign regulatory requirements, including obtaining registrations, clearances, approvals, or approvals,certifications can be expensive and time-consuming, and we may not receive regulatory clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications in each country or jurisdiction in which we plan to market our productssolutions or we may be unable to do so on a timely basis. The time required to obtain registrations, clearances, approvals or approvals,certifications, if required by other countries, may be longer than that required for FDA

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clearance or approval, and requirements for such registrations, clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications may significantly differ from FDA requirements. If we modify our products,solutions, we may need to apply for regulatory clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications before we are permitted to sell the modified product.

solution.

In addition, we may not continue to meet the quality and safety standards required to maintain the authorizations or certifications that we have received. If we are unable to maintain our authorizations or certifications in a particular country, we will no longer be able to sell the applicable productdevice in that country.

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Regulatory clearance or approval by the FDA does not ensure registration, clearance, approval or approvalcertification by regulatory authorities or notified bodies in other countries, and registration, clearance, approval or approvalcertification by one or more foreign regulatory authorities or notified bodies does not ensure registration, clearance, approval or approvalcertification by regulatory authorities or notified bodies in other foreign countries or by the FDA. However, a failure or delay in obtaining registration, or regulatory clearance, approval or approvalcertification in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others.

Interim, “top-line” and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.
From time to time, we may publicly disclose interim, top-line or preliminary data from our clinical registries, studies and trials, which is based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data, and the results and related findings and conclusions are subject to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular registry, study or trial. We also make assumptions, estimations, calculations and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the top-line or preliminary results that we report may differ from future results of the same registry, study or trial, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Interim, top-line or preliminary data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the top-line or preliminary data we previously published. As a result, top-line and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available.
From time to time, we may also disclose interim data from our preclinical and clinical studies. Interim data from clinical studies that we may complete are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Adverse differences between interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects.
Further, disclosure of interim data by us or by our competitors could result in volatility in the price of our common stock. Others, including regulatory agencies or notified bodies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently, which could impact the value of the particular program, the approvability or commercialization of the particular product candidate or product and our company in general. In addition, the information we choose to publicly disclose regarding a particular study or clinical trial is based on what is typically extensive information, and you or others may not agree with what we determine is material or otherwise appropriate information to include in our disclosure. If the interim top-line or preliminary data that we report differ from actual results, or if others, including regulatory authorities or notified bodies, disagree with the conclusions reached, our ability to obtain approval or certification for, and commercialize, our solutions and product candidates may be harmed, which could harm our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition.
Disruptions at the FDA, other government agencies or notified bodies caused by funding shortages or global health concerns could hinder their ability to hire, retain, or deploy key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new or modified solutions from being developed, cleared, approved or certified, or commercialized in a timely manner, or at all, which could negatively impact our business.
The ability of the FDA, other government agencies and notified bodies to review and approve or certify new solutions can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, statutory, regulatory and policy changes, a government agency’s or notified body’ ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and other events that may otherwise affect the government agency’s or notified body’s ability to perform routine functions. Average review times at the FDA, other government agencies and notified bodies have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of other government agencies that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable. Disruptions at the FDA, other agencies and notified bodies may also slow the time necessary for new medical devices or modifications to cleared, approved or certified medical devices to be reviewed and/or cleared, approved or certified by necessary government agencies or notified bodies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, the United States government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, have had to furlough critical FDA employees and stop critical activities.
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Separately, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the FDA postponed most inspections of domestic and foreign manufacturing facilities at various points. Even though the FDA has since resumed standard inspection operations of domestic facilities where feasible, the FDA has continued to monitor and implement changes to its inspectional activities to ensure the safety of its employees and those of the firms it regulates as it adapts to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and any resurgence of the virus or emergence of new variants may lead to further inspectional delays. Regulatory authorities internationally have adopted similar restrictions or other policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs due to a global health crisis, or if global health concerns continue to hinder or prevent the FDA, other regulatory authorities or notified bodies from conducting their regular inspections, audits, reviews, or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA, other regulatory authorities or notified bodies to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
For instance, in the EU, notified bodies must be officially designated to certify products and services in accordance with the EU Medical Devices Regulation. While several notified bodies have been designated under the EU Medical Devices Regulation, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly slowed down their designation process, and the current designated notified bodies are facing a large amount of requests to (re) certify products under the new Regulation, as a consequence of which review times have lengthened. This situation could impact the timely review and processing of regulatory submissions and audits by our notified bodies and therefore our ability to grow our business in the EU and EEA.
Legislative or regulatory reforms in the United States or the EU may make it more difficult andor costly for us to obtain regulatory clearances, approvals or approvalscertifications for our productssolutions or to manufacture, market or distribute our productssolutions after clearance, approval or approvalcertification is obtained.

From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulation of medical devices. In addition, the FDA may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our future productssolutions under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared productssolutions on a timely basis. Over the last several years,For example, on February 23, 2022, the FDA hasissued a proposed reformsrule to its 510(k) clearance process, and such proposals could include increasedamend the QSR, which establishes current good manufacturing practice requirements for clinical data and a longer review period, or could make it more difficult formedical device manufacturers, to utilize the 510(k) clearance process for their products. For example, in November 2018, FDA officials announced forthcoming steps that the FDA intends to take to modernize the premarket notification pathway under Section 510(k) of the FDCA. Among other things, the FDA announced that it planned to develop proposals to drive manufacturers utilizing the 510(k) pathway toward the use of newer predicates. These proposals included plans to potentially sunset certain older devices that were used as predicates under the 510(k) clearance pathway, and to potentially publish a list of devices that have been cleared on the basis of demonstrated substantial equivalence to predicate devices that arealign more than 10 years old. These proposals haveclosely with ISO standards. This proposal has not yet been finalized or adopted, although the FDA may work with Congress to implement such proposals through legislation.adopted. Accordingly, it is unclear the extent to which this or any other proposals, if adopted, could impose additional or different regulatory requirements on us that could delay our ability to obtain new 510(k) clearances, increase the costs of compliance or restrict our ability to maintain our current clearances, or otherwise create competition that may negatively affect our business.

More recently,

Additionally, in September 2019, the FDA issued revised final guidance describing an optional “safety and performance based” premarket review pathway for manufacturers of “certain, well-understood device types” to demonstrate substantial equivalence under the 510(k) clearance pathway by showing that such device meets objective safety and performance criteria established by the FDA, thereby obviating the need for manufacturers to compare the safety and performance of their medical devices to specific predicate devices in the clearance process. The FDA maintains a list of device types appropriate for the “safety and performance based” pathway and continues to develop product-specific guidance documents that identify the performance criteria for each such device type, as well as recommended testing methods, where feasible. The FDA may establish performance criteria for classes of devices for which we or our competitors seek or currently have received clearance, and it is unclear the extent to which such performance standards, if established, could impact our ability to obtain new 510(k) clearances or new PMA approvals, or otherwise create competition that may negatively affect our business.

In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by

Moreover, the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new statutes, regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of any future products or make it more difficult to obtain clearance or approval for, manufacture, market or distribute our products. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations, statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our businessEU landscape concerning medical devices in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require: additional testing

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prior to obtaining clearance or approval; changes to manufacturing methods; recall, replacement or discontinuance of our products; or additional record keeping.

The FDA’s and other regulatory authorities’ policies may change and additional government regulations may be promulgated that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory clearance or approval of our product candidates. For example, the results of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election may impact our business and industry. Namely, the Trump administration took several executive actions, including the issuance of a number of Executive Orders, that could impose significant burdens on, or otherwise materially delay, the FDA’s ability to engage in routine oversight activities such as implementing statutes through rulemaking, issuance of guidance, and review and approval of marketing applications. It is difficult to predict whether or how these orders will be implemented, or whether they will be rescinded and replaced under the Biden administration. The policies and priorities of the new administration are unknown and could materially impact the regulations governing our products.

EU recently evolved. On May 25, 2017, the EU Medical Devices Regulation (Regulation 2017/745)entered into force, which repeals and replaces the EU Medical Devices Directive. Unlike directives, which must be implemented into the national laws of the EU member states, regulations are directly applicable (i.e., without the need for adoption of EEAEU member state laws implementing them) in all EU member states and are intended to eliminate current differences in the regulation of medical devices among EU member states.States. The EU Medical Devices Regulation, among other things, is intended to establish a uniform, transparent, predictable and sustainable regulatory framework across the EU for medical devices and ensure a high level of safety and health while supporting innovation.

The EU Medical Devices Regulation was originally intended to becomebecame effective three years after publication, but in April 2020 the transition period was extended by the European Parliament and the Council of the EU by an additional year – untilon May 26, 2021. Devices lawfully placed onWe are currently in the market pursuant toprocess of obtaining our certificates under the EU Medical Devices Regulation.

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Similarly, in December 2021, Regulation (EU) No 2021/2282 on Health Technology Assessment (“HTA”) amending Directive prior2011/24/EU, was adopted in the EU. This regulation, which entered into force in January 2022 and will become applicable from January 12, 2025 onwards, intends to May 26, 2021 may generallyboost cooperation among EU member states in assessing health technologies, including certain high-risk medical devices, and providing the basis for cooperation at the EU level for joint clinical assessments in these areas. The regulation foresees a three-year transitional period and will permit EU member states to use common HTA tools, methodologies, and procedures across the EU, working together in four main areas, including joint clinical assessment of the innovative health technologies with the most potential impact for patients, joint scientific consultations whereby developers can seek advice from HTA authorities, identification of emerging health technologies to identify promising technologies early, and continuing voluntary cooperation in other areas. Individual EU member states will continue to be made availableresponsible for assessing non-clinical (e.g., economic, social, ethical) aspects of health technology, and making decisions on the market or put into service until May 26, 2025.Once effective, the new regulations will among other things:

Strengthen the rules on placing devices on the marketpricing and reinforce surveillance once they are available;

reimbursement.

Establish explicit provisions on manufacturers’ responsibilities for the follow-up of the quality, performance and safety of devices placed on the market;

Improve the traceability of medical devices throughout the supply chain to the end-user or patient through a unique identification number;

Set up a central database to provide patients, healthcare professionals and the public with comprehensive information on products available in the EU; and

Strengthen the rules for the assessment of certain high-risk devices, which may have to undergo an additional check by experts before they are placed on the market.

These modifications may have an effectadverse impact on the way we design and manufacture products and how we conductintend to develop our business in the EU.

The aforementioned EU rules are generally applicable in the European Economic Area, or EEA, which consistsand EEA. For example, as a result of the 27 EU member states plus Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland.

Following the end of the “Brexit” Transition Period, from 1 January 2021 onwards, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) will be responsible for the UK medical device market. The new regulations will require medical devices to be registered with the MHRA (but manufacturers will be given a grace period of four to 12 months to comply withtransition towards the new registration process). Manufacturers based outside the UK will need to appoint a UK Responsible Person to register devices with the MHRA in line with the grace periods. By July 1, 2023, in the UK (England, Scotland,regime, notified body review times have lengthened, and Wales), all medical devices will require a UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) mark but CE marks issued by EU Notified Bodies will remain valid until this time. However, UKCA marking alone will notproduct introductions or modifications could be recognized in the EU. The rules for placing medical devices on the Northern Ireland market will differ from those in the UK.

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Interim, “top-line” and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announcedelayed or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

From time to time, we may publicly disclose interim, top-line or preliminary data from our clinical registries and trials, which is based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data, and the results and related findings and conclusions are subject to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular registry, study or trial. We also make assumptions, estimations, calculations and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the interim, top-line or preliminary results that we report may differ from future results of the same registry, study or trial, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Interim, top-line or preliminary data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the interim, top-line or preliminary data we previously published. As a result, interim, top-line and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available.

From time to time, we may also disclose interim data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials. Interim data from clinical trials that we may complete are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Adverse differences between interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects. Further, disclosure of interim data by us or by our competitors could result in volatility in the price of our common stock.

Further, others, including regulatory agencies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently,canceled, which could impact the value of the particular program, the approvability or commercialization of the particular product candidate or product and our company in general. In addition, the information we choose to publicly disclose regarding a particular study or clinical trial is based on what is typically extensive information, and you or others may not agree with what we determine is material or otherwise appropriate information to include in our disclosure. If the interim top-line or preliminary data that we report differ from actual results, or if others, including regulatory authorities, disagree with the conclusions reached,adversely affect our ability to obtain approval for, and commercialize,grow our products and product candidates may be harmed, which could harm our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition.

Changes in funding for, or disruptions caused by global health concerns impacting, the FDA and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new products and services from being developed, cleared or approved or commercialized in a timely manner, which could negatively impact our business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, statutory, regulatory, and policy changes and other events that may otherwise affect the FDA’s ability to perform routine functions. Average review times at the FDA have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of other government agencies that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new devices to be reviewed and/or approved or cleared by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, including for 35 days beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, have had to furlough critical FDA employees and stop critical activities. Separately, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 10, 2020, the FDA announced its intention to postpone inspections of foreign manufacturing facilities and products, and on March 18, 2020, the FDA temporarily postponed routine surveillance inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities. Other regulatory authorities may adopt similar restrictions or other policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, on July 10, 2020, the FDA announced its intention to resume certain on-site inspections of domestic manufacturing facilities subject to a risk-based prioritization system. The FDA intends to use this risk-based assessment system to identify the categories of regulatory activity that can occur within a given

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geographic area, ranging from mission critical inspections to resumption of all regulatory activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, or if global health concerns continue to prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting business as usual or conducting inspections, reviews or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The clinical trialstudy process is lengthy and expensive with uncertain outcomes. We have limited data and experience regarding the safety and efficacy of our products. Results of earlier studies may not be predictive of future clinical trial results, or the safety or efficacy profile for such products.

solutions.

Clinical testing is difficult to design and implement, can take many years, can be expensive and carries uncertain outcomes. We are currently enrolling patients in our CLOUTfirst two randomized controlled trials, and FLASH registries andwe may in the future conduct additional clinical trialsstudies for our future products.solutions. The results of preclinical studies and clinical trialsstudies of our productssolutions conducted to date and ongoing or future studies and trials of our current, planned or future productssolutions may not be predictive of the results of later clinical trials,studies, and interim results of a clinical trialstudy do not necessarily predict final results. Our interpretation of data and results from our clinical trialsstudies do not ensure that we will achieve similar results in future clinical trials.studies. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to various interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their products performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and earlier clinical trialsstudies have nonetheless failed to produce strong results in later clinical trials.studies. Products in later stages of clinical trialsstudies may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy despite having progressed through nonclinical studies and earlier clinical trials.studies. We incur substantial expense for, and devote significant time to, clinical trialsstudies but cannot be certain that the trials will continue to result in commercial revenue. Failure can occur at any stage of clinical testing. Our clinical trialsstudies may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical and non-clinical testing in addition to those we have planned.

The initiation and completion of any of clinical trialsstudies may be prevented, delayed, or halted for numerous reasons. We may experience delays in our ongoing clinical trials for a number of reasons, which could adversely affect the costs, timing or successful completion of our clinical trials,studies, including related to the following:

We may be required to submit an Investigational Device Exemption,investigational device exemption, or IDE, application to FDA, or similar application to foreign regulatory authorities which must become effective prior to commencing certain human clinical trialsstudies of medical devices, and FDA may rejectnot approve our IDE application and notify us that we may not begin clinical trials;

studies;

Regulators and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree as to the design or implementation of our clinical trials;

studies;

Regulators and/or institutional review boards, or IRBs,IRBS, or other reviewing bodies may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial,study, or to conduct or continue a clinical trialstudy at a prospective or specific trialstudy site;

We may not reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs and clinical trialstudy sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trialstudy sites;

Clinical trialsstudies may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trialsstudies or abandon product development programs;

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The number of subjects or patients required for clinical trialsstudies may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trialsstudies may be insufficient or slower than we anticipate, and the number of clinical trialsstudies being conducted at any given time may be high and result in fewer available patients for any given clinical trial,study, or patients may drop out of these clinical trialsstudies at a higher rate than we anticipate;

Our third-partythird‑party contractors, including those manufacturing products or conducting clinical trialsstudies on our behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all;

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We might have to suspend or terminate clinical trialsstudies for various reasons, including a finding that the subjects are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;

We may have to amend clinical trialstudy protocols or conduct additional studies to reflect changes in regulatory requirements or guidance, which we may be required to submit to an IRB and/or regulatory authorities for re-examination;

re‑examination;

Regulators, IRBs, or other parties may require or recommend that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including safety signals or noncompliance with regulatory requirements;

The cost of clinical trialsstudies may be greater than we anticipate;

Clinical sites may not adhere to ourthe clinical protocol or may drop out of a clinical trial;

study;

We may be unable to recruit a sufficient number of clinical trialstudy sites;

Regulators, IRBs, or other reviewing bodies may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with our manufacturing processes or facilities of third-partythird‑party manufacturers with which we enter into agreement for clinical and commercial supplies, the supply of devices or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trialsstudies may be insufficient, inadequate or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply;

and/or

Approval policies or regulations of FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agencies may change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval; and

Our current or future productssolutions may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics.

In addition, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or other future global health crises may increase the likelihood that we encounter such difficulties or delays in initiating, enrolling, conducting or completing our planned and ongoing clinical trials. For example, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have observed a decrease in new patient enrollment in our registries. If COVID-19 continues to spread, we may experience disruptions that could have a material adverse impact on our clinical trial plans and timelines, including:

delays in receiving authorizations from local regulatory authorities to initiate planned clinical trials;

delays or difficulties in enrolling patients in our clinical trials;

delays or difficulties in clinical site initiation, including difficulties in recruiting clinical site investigators and clinical site staff;

delays in clinical sites receiving the supplies and materials needed to conduct our clinical trials, including interruptions in global shipping that may affect the transport of clinical trial materials;

changes in local regulations as part of a response to the COVID-19 pandemic which may require us to change the ways in which our clinical trials are conducted, which may result in unexpected costs, or to discontinue such clinical trials altogether;

diversion of healthcare resources away from the conduct of clinical trials, including the diversion of hospitals serving as our clinical trial sites and hospital staff supporting the conduct of our clinical trials;

interruption of key clinical trial activities, such as clinical trial site monitoring, due to limitations on travel imposed or recommended by federal or state governments, employers and others, or interruption of clinical trial subject visits and study procedures, the occurrence of which could affect the integrity of clinical trial data;

risk that participants enrolled in our clinical trials will contract COVID-19 while the clinical trial is ongoing, which could impact the results of the clinical trial, including by increasing the number of observed adverse events;

delays in necessary interactions with local regulators, ethics committees and other third parties and contractors due to limitations in employee resources or forced furlough of government employees;

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limitations in employee resources that would otherwise be focused on the conduct of our clinical trials, including because of sickness of employees or their families or the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people; and

refusal of the FDA to accept data from clinical trials in affected geographies.

studies. Any of these occurrences may significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Patient

Furthermore, patient enrollment in clinical trialsstudies and completion of patient follow-up depend on many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the trialstudy protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial,study, patient compliance, competing clinical trialsstudies and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the product being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new treatments that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. For example, patients may be discouraged from enrolling in our clinical trialsstudies if the trialstudy protocol requires them to undergo extensive post-treatment procedures, monitoring or follow-up to assess the safety and efficacy of a product candidate, or they may be persuaded to participate in contemporaneous clinical trialsstudies of a competitor’s product candidate. In addition, patients participating in our clinical trialsstudies may drop out before completion of the trialstudy or experience adverse medical events unrelated to our products.solutions. Delays in patient enrollment or failure of patients to continue to participate in a clinical trialstudy may delay commencement or completion of the clinical trial,study, cause an increase in the costs of the clinical trialstudy and delays, or result in the failure of the clinical trial.

study.

Clinical trialsstudies must be conducted in accordance with the laws and regulations of the FDA and other applicable regulatory authorities’ legal requirements, regulations or guidelines, and are subject to oversight by these governmental agencies and IRBs or ethics committees at the medical institutions where the clinical trialsstudies are conducted. In addition, clinical trialsstudies must be conducted with supplies of our devices produced under current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP, requirements and other regulations. Furthermore, we may rely on CROs, and clinical trialstudy sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trialsstudies and we may have limited influence over their actual performance. We depend on our collaborators and on medical institutions and CROs to conduct our clinical trialsstudies in compliance with good clinical practice, or GCP, requirements. To the
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extent our collaborators or the CROs fail to enroll participants for our clinical trials,studies, fail to conduct the study to GCP standards or are delayed for a significant time in the execution of trials,studies, including achieving full enrollment, we may be affected by increased costs, program delays or both. In addition, clinical trialsstudies that are conducted in countries outside the United Statesinternationally may subject us to further delays and expenses as a result of increased shipment costs, additional regulatory requirements and the engagement of non-U.S. CROs, as well as expose us to risks associated with clinical investigators who are unknown to the FDA, and different standards of diagnosis, screening and medical care.

Even if our future productssolutions are cleared or approved in the United States, commercialization of our productssolutions in foreign countries would require clearance, approval or approvalcertification by regulatory authorities or notified bodies in those countries. Clearance, approval or approvalcertification procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from, and greater than, those in the United States, including additional preclinical studies or clinical trials.studies. Any of these occurrences could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to certain federal, state and foreign fraud and abuse laws and physician payment transparency laws that could subject us to substantial penalties. Additionally, any challenge to or investigation into our practices under these laws could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to, and thus could harm our business.

There are numerous U.S. federal and state, as well as foreign, laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback, false claims and physician transparency payment laws. Our business practices and relationships with providers are subject to scrutiny under these laws. The healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons and entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly,

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in cash or in kind, to induce either the referral of an individual or furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. The U.S. government has interpreted this law broadly to apply to the marketing and sales activities of manufacturers. In addition, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;

in cash or in kind, to induce either the referral of an individual or furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. The U.S. government has interpreted this law broadly to apply to the marketing and sales activities of manufacturers. In addition, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;

The federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalties laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs that are false or fraudulent. These laws can apply to manufacturers who provide information on coverage, coding, and reimbursement of their products to persons who bill third-party payors. Private individuals can bring False Claims Act “qui tam” actions, on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,”“whistleblowers”, may share in amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. Moreover, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act;

The federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law, which prohibits, among other things, offering or transferring remuneration to a federal healthcare beneficiary that a person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s decision to order or receive items or services reimbursable by the government from a particular provider or supplier;

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program and making false statements relating to healthcare matters. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;

The federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act which requires certain applicable manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, or CHIP, to report annually to the DHHS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, information related to

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payments and other transfers of value to physicians which is defined broadly(defined to include other healthcare providersdoctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors), certain non-physician practitioners (physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse anesthetists, anesthesiologist assistants and certified nurse midwives) and teaching hospitals, and applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations, to report annually ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Additionally, beginning in 2022, such obligations will include payments and other transfers of value provided in the previous year to certain other healthcare professionals, including physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse anesthetists, anesthesiologist assistants and certified nurse midwives;

members;

The FDCA, which prohibits, among other things, the adulteration or misbranding of drugs, biologics and medical devices;

Federal and state laws and regulations regarding billing and claims payment applicable to our productssolutions and regulatory agencies enforcing those laws and regulations; and

Analogous state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers or patients; state laws that require device companies to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state laws that require device manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures; consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm customers and state laws related to insurance fraud in the case of claims involving private insurers.

These laws and regulations, among other things, constrain our business, marketing and other promotional and research activities by limiting the kinds of financial arrangements, including sales programs, we may have with hospitals, physicians or other potential purchasers of our products.solutions. We have entered into consulting agreements with

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physicians, including some who have ownership interests in us, which could be viewed as influencing the purchase of or use of our productssolutions in procedures they perform. Compensation under some of these arrangements includes the provision of stock or stock options. Due to the breadth of these laws, the narrowness of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors available, and the range of interpretations to which they are subject, it is possible that some of our current or future practices might be challenged under one or more of these laws.

Any action brought against us for violations of these laws or regulations, even if successfully defended, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. We may be subject to private qui tam actions brought by individual whistleblowers on behalf of the federal or state governments, with potential liability under the federal False Claims Act including mandatory treble damages and significant per-claim penalties.

To enforce compliance with the healthcare regulatory laws, certain enforcement bodies have recently increased their scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Responding to investigations can be time-and resource-consuming and can divert management’s attention from the business. Additionally, as a resultIf our operations are found to be in violation of these investigations,any of the federal, state, or foreign laws, or any other current or future fraud and abuse or other healthcare providers and entitiesregulations or guidelines that apply to us, we may havebe subject to agreesignificant criminal, civil, or administrative penalties, damages, or fines, or imprisonment for individuals. We could also be subject to additional complianceoversight and reporting requirementsobligations, exclusion from participation in government programs, such as partMedicare and Medicaid, or reputational harm. Any of a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement. Any such investigation or settlementthe foregoing consequences could increase our costs or otherwise have an adverse effect onnegatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even an unsuccessful challenge or investigation into our practices could cause adverse publicity, and be costly to respond to.


Please refer to “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” for information regarding a civil investigative demand (“CID”) we received from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, in connection with an investigation under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act.

Our activities, including those relating to providing billing, coding, coverage and reimbursement information about procedures using our productssolutions to our customers and the sale and marketing of our products,solutions, may be subject to scrutiny under these laws. The growth of our business and sales organization and our expansion outside of the United States may increase the potential of violating these laws or our internal policies and
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procedures. Any action brought against us for violation of these or other laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state and foreign laws described above or any other current or future fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to significant penalties, including significant criminal, civil, and administrative penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, imprisonment, contractual damages, reputation harm and disgorgement and we could be required to curtail, restructure or cease our operations. Any of the foregoing consequences will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject

Risks Related to governmental regulationsOur Intellectual Property
Our success will depend on our, and any of our current and future licensors’, ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights.
Our commercial success will depend in part on our, and any of our current or future licensors’, success in obtaining and maintaining issued patents, trademarks and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and we are subject to consumer protection laws that regulate our marketing practices and prohibit unfair or deceptive acts or practices. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business. Ensuring compliance with such laws could also impair our efforts to maintain and expand our customer base, and thereby decrease our revenue.

In the conduct of our business, we may at times process personal data, including health-related personal data. The U.S. federal government and various states have adopted or proposed laws, regulations, guidelines and rules for the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals. We may also be subject to U.S. federal rules, regulations and guidance concerning data security for medical devices, including guidance from the FDA. Further, HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH Act, and their respective implementing regulations, impose requirements on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses as well as their business associates that perform services for them that involve individually identifiable health information, relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information without appropriate authorization, including mandatory contractual terms as well as directly applicable privacy and security standards and requirements. Failure to comply with the HIPAA privacy and security standards can resultintellectual property rights in significant civil monetary penalties, and, in certain circumstances, criminal penalties with fines and/or imprisonment. State attorneys general can also bring a civil action to enjoin a HIPAA violation or to obtain statutory damages on behalf of residents of his or her state.

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According to the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure constitutes unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Individually identifiable health information is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards. State privacy and security laws vary from state to state and, in some cases, can impose more restrictive requirements than U.S. federal law.

In addition, certain state and non-US laws, such as the GDPR, govern the privacy and security of health-related and other personal information in certain circumstances, some of which are more stringent than U.S. federal law and many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. Failure to comply with these laws, where applicable, can result in the imposition of significant civil and/or criminal penalties and private litigation. Where state laws are more protective, we must comply with the stricter provisions. In addition to fines and penalties that may be imposed for failure to comply with state law, some states also provide for private rights of action to individuals for misuse of personal information. For example, California enacted the CCPA on June 28, 2018, which went into effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA creates individual privacy rights for California consumers and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal data. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability, and many similar laws have been proposed at the federal level and in other states. Further, the CPRA recently passed in California. The CPRA will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It will also create a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations and could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. The majority of the provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may be required. In Europe, the GDPR went into effect in May 2018 and introduces strict requirements for processing the personal data of individuals within the EEA. Companies that must comply with the GDPR face increased compliance obligations and risk, including more robust regulatory enforcement of data protection requirements and potential fines for noncompliance of up to €20 million or 4% of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater. Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States and the efficacyelsewhere and longevityprotecting our proprietary technology. If we, or any of our current transfer mechanisms between the European Unionor future licensors, do not adequately protect our intellectual property and the United States remains uncertain. For example, in 2016, the European Union and United States agreedproprietary technology, competitors may be able to a transfer framework for data transferred from the European Union to the United States, called the Privacy Shield, but the Privacy Shield was invalidated in July 2020 by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Further, from January 1, 2021, companies have to comply with the GDPR and also the United Kingdom GDPR,use our technologies or the UK GDPR, which, together with the amended United Kingdom Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in United Kingdom national law. The UK GDPR mirrors the fines under the GDPR, i.e., fines up to the greater of €20 million (£17.5 million) or 4% of global turnover. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union in relation to certain aspects of data protection law remains unclear, and it is unclear how United Kingdom data protection laws and regulations will developgoodwill we have acquired in the medium to longer term,marketplace and how data transfers to and from the United Kingdom will be regulated in the long term. Currently there is a four to six-month grace period agreed in the European Union and United Kingdom Trade and Cooperation Agreement, ending June 30, 2021 at the latest, whilst the parties discuss an adequacy decision. However, it is not clear whether (and when) an adequacy decisionerode or negate any competitive advantage we may be granted by the European Commission enabling data transfers from European Union member states to the United Kingdom long term without additional measures. These changes may lead to additional costs and increase our overall risk exposure.

Any actual or perceived failure by us or the third parties with whom we work to comply with privacy or security laws, policies, legal obligations or industry standards, or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information, may result in governmental enforcement actions and investigations including by European Data Protection Authorities and U.S. federal and state regulatory authorities, fines and penalties, litigation and/or adverse publicity, including by consumer advocacy groups, and could cause our customers, their patients and other healthcare professionals to lose trust in us,have, which could harm our reputationbusiness and ability to achieve profitability.

We rely on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures and patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to protect the proprietary aspects of our solutions, brands, technologies and data. These legal measures afford only limited protection, and competitors or others may gain access to or use our intellectual property and proprietary information. Our success will depend, in part, on preserving our trade secrets, maintaining the security of our data and know-how and obtaining and maintaining other intellectual property rights. We may not be able to obtain or maintain intellectual property or other proprietary rights necessary to our business or in a form that provides us with a competitive advantage.
In addition, despite our efforts to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, clients and vendors who have access to such information, our trade secrets, data and know-how could be subject to unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure to unauthorized parties, and could otherwise become known or be independently discovered by third parties. We may be unable to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or trade secrets by consultants, suppliers, vendors, former employees and current employees.
Failure to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights necessary to our business and failure to protect, monitor and control the use of our intellectual property rights could negatively impact our ability to compete and cause us to incur significant expenses. The intellectual property laws and other statutory and contractual arrangements in the United States and other jurisdictions we depend upon may not provide sufficient protection in the future to prevent the infringement, use, violation or misappropriation of our trademarks, data, technology and other intellectual property and services, and may not provide an adequate remedy if our intellectual property rights are infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated.
We rely, in part, on our ability to obtain, maintain, expand, enforce, and defend the scope of our intellectual property portfolio or other proprietary rights, including the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection with the licensing, filing, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights. The process of applying for and obtaining a patent is expensive, time consuming and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner, or in all jurisdictions where protection may be commercially advantageous, or we may not be able to protect our proprietary rights at all.
The patent positions of medical device companies, including our patent position, may involve complex legal and factual questions, and therefore, the scope, validity and enforceability of any patent claims that we may obtain cannot be predicted with certainty.
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Though an issued patent is presumed valid and enforceable, its issuance is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated or circumvented. Proceedings challenging our patents could result in either loss of the patent, or denial or the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. In addition, such proceedings may be costly. Furthermore, the issuance of a patent does not give us the right to practice the patented invention. Third parties may have blocking patents that could prevent us from marketing our own solutions and practicing our own technology. Alternatively, third parties may seek approval to market their own products similar to or otherwise competitive with our solutions. Thus, any patents that we may own may not provide any protection against competitors. Furthermore, an adverse decision may result in a third party receiving a patent right sought by us, which in turn could affect our ability to commercialize our solutions. Competitors could purchase our solutions and attempt to replicate or reverse engineer some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, willfully infringe our intellectual property rights, design around our patents, or develop and obtain patent protection for more effective technologies, designs or methods. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounter significant problems in protecting our proprietary rights in these countries.
In addition, proceedings to enforce or defend our patents could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly. Such proceedings could also provoke third parties to assert claims against us, including that some or all of the claims in one or more of our patents are invalid or otherwise unenforceable. If any of our patents covering our solutions are invalidated or found unenforceable, or if a court found that valid, enforceable patents held by third parties covered one or more of our solutions, our competitive position could be harmed or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce or defend our rights.
Our trademarks could be infringed or diluted by third parties, or be invalidated or found to be infringing on other marks. If any of the foregoing occurs, we could be forced to re-brand our solutions, resulting in loss of brand recognition and requiring us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands, and suffer other competitive harm. Third parties may also adopt trademarks similar to ours, which could harm our brand identity and lead to market confusion.
Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In addition, periodic maintenance fees on issued patents often must be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies over the lifetime of the patent. While an unintentional lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-compliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. If we fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our solutions, we may not be able to stop a competitor from manufacturing or marketing products that are the same as or similar to our solutions, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
We may become a party to intellectual property litigation or administrative proceedings that could be costly and could interfere with our ability to market our solutions.
The medical device industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights, and companies in the industry have used intellectual property litigation to gain a competitive advantage. It is possible that U.S. and foreign patents and pending patent applications or trademarks controlled by third parties may be alleged to cover our solutions, or that we may be accused of misappropriating third parties’ trade secrets. Additionally, our solutions include components that we purchase from vendors, and may include design components that are outside of our direct control. Our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources and have made substantial investments in
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patent portfolios, trademarks, and competing technologies, may have applied for or obtained, or may in the future apply for or obtain, patents or trademarks that will prevent, limit or otherwise interfere with our ability to make, use, sell and/or export our solutions or to use our technologies or product names. Moreover, in recent years, individuals and groups that are non-practicing entities, commonly referred to as “patent trolls”, have purchased patents and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement in order to extract settlements. From time to time, we may receive threatening letters, notices or “invitations to license” or may be the subject of claims that our solutions and business operations infringe or violate the intellectual property rights of others. The defense of these matters can be time consuming, costly to defend in litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, damage our reputation and brand and cause us to incur significant expenses or make substantial payments. Vendors from whom we purchase hardware or software may not indemnify us in the event that such hardware or software is accused of infringing a third-party’s patent or trademark or of misappropriating a third-party’s trade secret.
Since patent applications are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we were the first to file any patent application related to our solutions. Competitors may also contest our patents, if issued, by showing the patent examiner that the invention was not original, was not novel or was obvious. In litigation, a competitor could claim that our patents, if issued, are not valid or enforceable for a number of reasons. If a court agrees, our rights could be narrowed or we could lose our rights entirely under those challenged patents.
In addition, we may in the future be subject to claims by our former employees or consultants asserting an ownership right in our patents, patent applications or other intellectual property, as a result of the work they performed on our behalf. Although we generally require all of our employees and consultants and any other partners or collaborators who have access to our proprietary know-how, information or technology to assign or grant similar rights to their inventions to us, we cannot be certain that we have executed such agreements with all parties who may have contributed to our intellectual property, nor can we be certain that our agreements with such parties will be upheld in the face of a potential challenge, or that they will not be breached, for which we may not have an adequate remedy.
Any litigation or claim against us, even those without merit and even those where we prevail, may cause us to incur substantial costs, and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business and harm our reputation. If we are found to infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, we could be required to pay substantial damages (which may be increased up to three times of awarded damages) and/or substantial royalties and could be prevented from selling our solutions unless we obtain a license or are able to redesign our solutions to avoid infringement. Any such license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to redesign our solutions in a way that would not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. We could encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to develop alternative methods or solutions. If we fail to obtain any required licenses or make any necessary changes to our solutions or technologies, we may have to withdraw existing solutions from the market or may be unable to commercialize one or more of our solutions.
In addition, we generally indemnify our customers with respect to infringement by our solutions of the proprietary rights of third parties. However, third parties may assert infringement claims against our customers. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our customers, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed or settle, we may be forced to pay damages or settlement payments on behalf of our customers or may be required to obtain licenses for the products they use. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our customers may be forced to stop using our solutions.
Similarly, interference or derivation proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by the USPTO may be necessary to determine priority with respect to our patents, patent applications, trademarks or trademark applications. We may also become involved in other proceedings, such as reexamination, inter parties review, derivation or opposition proceedings before the USPTO or other jurisdictional body relating to our intellectual property rights or the intellectual property rights of others. Adverse determinations in a judicial or administrative proceeding or failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from manufacturing our solutions or using product names, which would have a significant adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We cannot assure you thatmay not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
A company may attempt to commercialize competing products utilizing our proprietary design, trademarks or trade names in foreign countries where we do not have any third-party service providers with access to ourpatents or our customers’, suppliers’, trial patients’patent applications, or trademark registrations, and employees’ personally identifiable and other sensitive or confidential information in relation to which we are responsible will not breach contractual obligations imposed by us, or that they will not experience data security breaches or attempts thereof, which couldwhere legal recourse may be limited. This may have a corresponding effectsignificant commercial impact on our foreign business including putting usoperations.
Filing, prosecuting and defending patents or trademarks on our current and future solutions in breachall countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive. The requirements for patentability and trademarking may differ in certain countries, particularly developing countries. The laws of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations and/or which could in turn adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We cannot assure you that our contractual measures and our own privacy and security-related safeguards willsome foreign countries do not protect us from the risks associated with the third-party processing, storage and transmission of such information. Increasing use of social media could also give rise to liability, breaches of data security or reputational damage.

Although we work to comply with applicable laws, regulations and standards, our contractual obligations and other legal obligations, these requirements are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another or other legal obligations with which we must comply. Any failure or perceived failure by us or our employees, representatives, contractors, consultants, CROs, collaborators, or other third parties to comply with such requirements or adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our employees, consultants, and other commercial partners may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

We are exposedintellectual property rights to the risk that our employees, consultants, and other commercial partners and business associates may engage in fraudulent or illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless or negligent conduct or other unauthorized activities that violate the regulations of the FDA and other regulators (both domestic and foreign), including thosesame extent as laws requiring the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to such regulators, manufacturing standards, healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations in the United States and internationally or laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. In particular, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry, including the sale of medical devices, are subject to extensive laws and regulations intendedStates. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent fraud, misconduct, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs and other business arrangements. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees, consultants and other third parties from utilizing our inventions and the precautionstrademarks in all countries internationally. Competitors may use our technologies or trademarks in jurisdictions where we takehave not obtained patent or trademark protection to detectdevelop or market their own products and prevent this activityfurther, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent and trademark protection, but enforcement on infringing activities is inadequate. These products or trademarks may compete with our solutions or trademarks, and our patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses orsufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us and we aredefending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result infavor the impositionenforcement of significant fines or other sanctions, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaidpatents, trademarks and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of operations, any ofintellectual property protection, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Whether or not we are successful in defending against such actions or investigations, we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees and reputational harm, and divert the attention of management in defending ourselves against any of these claims or investigations.

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations could be expensive, and the failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subjectmake it difficult for us to significant liability.

Our research, developmentstop the infringement of our patents and manufacturing operations involve the usetrademarks or marketing of hazardous substances, such as isopropyl alcoholcompeting products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent and various adhesives. We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local andtrademark rights in foreign environmental laws and regulations relating to the storage, use, handling, generation, manufacture, treatment, discharge and disposal of, hazardous substances. Our products may also contain hazardous substances, and they are subject laws and regulations relating to labelling requirements and to their sale, collection, recycling, treatment, storage and disposal. Compliance with these laws and regulations may be expensive and noncompliancejurisdictions could result in substantial fines and penalties. Environmental laws and regulations also impose liability for the remediation of releases of hazardous substances into the environment and for personal injuries resulting from exposure to hazardous substances, and they can give rise to substantial remediation costs and divert our attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents and trademarks or applications in those jurisdictions, as well as elsewhere, at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, and could provoke third parties to third-partyassert claims including for property

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damageagainst us. We may not prevail in any proceedings that we initiate and personal injury. Liability under environmental laws and regulations can be joint and several and without regard to fault or negligence, and they tend to become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increased risks and penalties associated with violations. We cannot assure you that violations of these laws and regulations, or releases of or exposure to hazardous substances, will not occur in the future or have not occurred in the past, including as a result of human error, accidents, equipment failuredamages or other causes. The costs of complying with environmentalremedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Certain countries in Europe and certain developing countries, including India and China, have compulsory licensing laws and regulations, and liabilities thatunder which a patent owner may be imposed for violating them,compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In those countries, we may have limited remedies if our patents are infringed or for remediation obligations or respondingif we are compelled to third-party claims,grant a license to our patents to a third party, which could negatively affectmaterially diminish the value of those patents. This could limit our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Healthcare policy changes, including recently enacted legislation reformingpotential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the U.S. healthcare system, could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the United States, there have been and continueworld may be inadequate to beobtain a number of legislative initiatives to contain healthcare costs. Federal and state lawmakers regularly propose and, at times, enact legislation that would result in significant changes to the healthcare system, some of which are intended to contain or reduce the costs of medical products and services. Current and future legislative proposals to further reform healthcare or reduce healthcare costs may limit coverage of or lower reimbursement for the procedures associated with the use of our products. The cost containment measures that payors and providers are instituting and the effect of any healthcare reform initiative implemented in the future could impact our revenuecommercial advantage from the sale of our products.

By way of example, the Affordable Care Act,intellectual property that we own or ACA, made a number of substantial changes in the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among other ways in which it may affect our business, the ACA:

Established a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee and identify priorities in comparative clinical effectiveness research in an effort to coordinate and develop such research;

Implemented payment system reforms including a national pilot program on payment bundling to encourage hospitals, physicians and other providers to improve the coordination, quality and efficiency of certain healthcare services through bundled payment models; and

Expanded the eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs.

Since its enactment, there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in the future. By way of example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or TCJA, was enacted, which, among other things, removes penalties for not complying with the individual mandate to carry health insurance. On December 14, 2018, a U.S. District Court Judge in the Northern District of Texas (Texas District Court Judge) ruled that the individual mandate is a critical and inseverable feature of the ACA, and therefore, because it was repealed as part of the TCJA, the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. On December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit upheld the District Court ruling that the individual mandate was unconstitutional and remanded the case back to the District Court to determine whether the remaining provisions of the Affordable Care Act are invalid as well. The U.S. Supreme Court is currently reviewing the case, although it is unclear how the Supreme Court will rule. It is also unclear how other efforts to challenge, repeal or replace the ACA will impact the law or our business. Any expansion in the government’s role in the U.S. healthcare industry may result in decreased profits to us, lower reimbursement by payors for procedures using our FlowTriever system and/or ClotTriever system, and/or reduced medical procedure volumes, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. The Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to providers by 2% per fiscal year, effective on April 1, 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2030, with the exception of a temporary suspension from May 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021, unless additional Congressional action is taken. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. In addition, the Medicare

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Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, or MACRA, enacted on April 16, 2015, repealed the formula by which Medicare made annual payment adjustments to physicians and replaced the former formula with fixed annual updates and a new system of incentive payments that are based on various performance measures and physicians’ participation in alternative payment models such as accountable care organizations. It is unclear what effect new quality and payment programs, such as MACRA, may have on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We expect additional state and federal healthcare policies and reform measures to be adopted in the future, any of which could limit reimbursement for healthcare products and services or otherwise result in reduced demand for our FlowTriever and/or ClotTriever or additional pricing pressure and have a material adverse effect on our industry generally and on our customers. We cannot predict what other healthcare programs and regulations will ultimately be implemented at the federal or state level or the effect of any future legislation or regulation in the United States may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare may adversely affect:

license. Finally, our ability to set a priceprotect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be adversely affected by unforeseen changes in foreign intellectual property laws.

We may be subject to claims that we believe is fairor our employees have misappropriated the intellectual property of a third party, including trade secrets or know-how, or are in breach of non-competition or non-solicitation agreements with our competitors.
Many of our employees and consultants were previously employed at or engaged by other medical device, biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Some of these employees, consultants and contractors, may have executed proprietary rights, non-disclosure and non-competition agreements in connection with such previous employment. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the intellectual property, proprietary information, know-how or trade secrets of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these individuals have, inadvertently or otherwise, misappropriated the intellectual property or disclosed the alleged trade secrets or other proprietary information, of these former employers or competitors.
Additionally, we may be subject to claims from third parties challenging our FlowTrieverownership interest in intellectual property we regard as our own, based on claims that our employees or consultants have breached an obligation to assign inventions to another employer, to a former employer, or to another person or entity. Litigation may be necessary to defend against any other claims, and ClotTriever products;

it may be necessary or we may desire to enter into a license to settle any such claim; however, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If our defense to those claims fails, in addition to paying monetary damages, a court could prohibit us from using technologies or features that are essential to our solutions, if such technologies or features are found to incorporate or be derived from the trade secrets or other proprietary
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information of the former employers. An inability to incorporate technologies or features that are important or essential to our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability; and

the availability of capital.

Any changes of, or uncertainty with respect to, future coverage or reimbursement rates could affect demand for our FlowTriever system and/or ClotTriever system, which in turn could impact our ability to successfully commercialize these devices andsolutions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

operations, and may prevent us from selling our solutions. In addition, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and could be a distraction to management.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially or may decline regardless of our operating performance and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control or are related in complex ways, including:

Changes in analysts’ estimates, investors’ perceptions, recommendations by securities analysts or our failure to achieve analysts’ estimates;

Quarterly variations in our or our competitors’ results of operations;

Periodic fluctuations in our revenue, which could be due in part to the way in which we recognize revenue;

The financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;

Future sales of our common stock or other securities, by us or our stockholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases or lock-up waivers;

stockholders;

The trading volume of our common stock;

General market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors;

Changes in reimbursement by current or potential payors;

Changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in the medical device industry in particular;

Actual or anticipated changes in regulatory oversight of our products;

solutions;

The results of our clinical trials;

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The loss of key personnel, including changes in our board of directors and management;

Product recalls or other problems associated with our products;

solutions;

Legislation or regulation of our market;

Lawsuits threatened or filed against us, including litigation by current or former employees alleging wrongful termination, sexual harassment, whistleblower or other claims;

The announcement of new productssolutions or product enhancements by us or our competitors;

Announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;

Announcements related to patents issued to us or our competitors and related litigation; and

Developments in our industry.

In addition, the trading prices for common stock of other medical device companies have been highly volatile as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to which the outbreak may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.

In recent years, the stock markets generally have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of listed companies. Broad market and industry factors may significantly affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

In addition, in the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. These factors may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We are an emerging growth company and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to us will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we expect to take advantage

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Table of certain exemptions and relief from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. In particular, while we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; we will be exempt from any rules that could be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotations or a supplement to the auditor’s report on financial statements; we will be subject to reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and we will not be required to hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

In addition, while we are an emerging growth company we can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period and, as a result, our operating results and financial statements may not be comparable to the operating results and financial statements of companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) December 31, 2025, the fiscal year-end following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (2) the last day of the fiscal year (a) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (b) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non- affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th and (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

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Investors may find our common stock less attractive to the extent we rely on the exemptions and relief granted by the JOBS Act. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may decline or become more volatile.

ContentsOur directors, officers and principal stockholders have significant voting power and may take actions that may not be in the best interests of our other stockholders.

As of December 31, 2020, our officers, directors and principal stockholders each holding more than 5% of our common stock collectively control approximately 48% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if they act together, will be able to control the management and affairs of the Company and most matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock. This concentration of ownership may not be in the best interests of our other stockholders.

We have previously identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, as a result of which, we may not be able to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be required to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual and interim financial statements will not be detected or prevented on a timely basis. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC following the date we are no longer an “emerging growth company”.

We are further enhancing internal controls, processes and related documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective.

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, we concluded there were material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. The material weaknesses that were identified related to the segregation of duties throughout various financial processes and our documentation of internal controls. While we believe we have remediated the previously identified material weaknesses, we may have future material weaknesses.

We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations. The effectiveness of our controls and procedures may be limited by a variety of factors, including:

Faulty human judgment and simple errors, omissions or mistakes;

Fraudulent action of an individual or collusion of two or more people;

Inappropriate management override of procedures; and

The possibility that any enhancements to controls and procedures may still not be adequate to assure timely and accurate financial control.

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Our management and independent registered public accounting firm did not perform an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting during any period in accordance with the provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Had we performed an evaluation and had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, additional control deficiencies amounting to material weaknesses may have been identified. We are in the very early stages of the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing or any required remediation in a timely fashion. If we fail to comply with Section 404(a) or to remedy these material weaknesses or identify new material weaknesses by the time we have to issue that report, we will not be able to certify that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our financial statements, and the trading price of our common stock may decline. If we fail to remedy any material weakness, our financial statements may be inaccurate, our access to the capital markets may be restricted and the trading price of our common stock may suffer.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. We designed our disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that information we must disclose in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, and recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. For example, we define a procedure as any instance in which a physician treats DVT or PE using our products. We estimate the number of procedures performed based on records created by our sales representatives. However, this metric has limitations as we only have records for the procedures where our sales representatives have notice that a procedure has been performed. Even when notified, our sales representatives may not accurately record, be delayed in recording, or not record, the procedures, which may not be detected or corrected by our disclosure controls and procedures in a timely manner or at all. As a result, the estimated number of procedures does not reflect the actual number of procedures performed using our products, which may be lower or higher for each particular period.

Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of us that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. Among others, these provisions include that:

Our board of directors has the exclusive right to expand the size of our board of directors and to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

vacancies;

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Our classified board of directors is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with each class serving staggered three-year terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;

three year term;

Our stockholders may not act by written consent, which forces stockholdercan only take action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

A special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chair of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president or the board of directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation prohibits cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

voting;

Our board of directors may alter our bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval;

The required approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares entitledAmendments to vote at an election of directors to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws or repeal thecertain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation regardingor amendments to our amended and restated bylaws generally require approval of at least two-thirds of the election and removalvoting power of directors;

our outstanding capital stock;

Stockholders must provide advance notice and additional disclosures in order to nominate individuals for election to the board of directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company;meeting; and

Our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the terms of those shares including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer.

approval.

Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ abilities to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation specifies that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for most legal actions involving actions brought against us by stockholders; provided that, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction; and provided further that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state or federal court sitting in the State of Delaware. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action against us or any of our directors, officers, employees or agents and arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital
63

stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation described above. Under the Securities Act, federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act. We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums and protection against the

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burdens of multi-forum litigation. However, these provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers, employees and agents as it may limit any stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such stockholder finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with any applicable action brought against us, a future court could find the choice of forum provisions contained in our restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such action. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gain.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and may be restricted by any future debt or preferred securities or future debt agreements we may enter into. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

General Risk Factors

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant additional costs as a result of being a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance with our public company responsibilities and corporate governance practices.

As a public company. we have incurred and expect to continue to incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements that are applicable to us as a public company, including rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, and the Exchange Act, as well as the rules of the Nasdaq Global Select Market. These rules and regulations significantly increase our accounting, legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming. We expect such expenses to further increase after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We also expect these rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. Furthermore, these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. Accordingly, increases in costs incurred as a result of being a publicly traded company may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Securities analysts may not publish favorableunfavorable research or reports about our business or may publish no information at all, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Our stock price and trading volume may be heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, delay publishing reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, regardless of accuracy, our common stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock is influenced to some extent by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. We may be slow to attract research coverage and the analysts who publish information about our common stock will have had relatively little experience with us or our industry, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and could make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us provide inaccurate or unfavorable research or issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports covering us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

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Even if our common stock is actively covered by analysts, we do not have any control over the analysts or the measures that analysts or investors may rely upon to forecast our future results. Over-reliance by analysts or investors on any particular metric to forecast our future results may lead to forecasts that differ significantly from our own.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our operating results could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. In connection with our adoption and implementation of the new revenue accounting standard, management made judgments and assumptions based on our interpretation of the new standard. The new revenue standard is principle-based and interpretation of those principles may vary from company to company based on their unique circumstances. It is possible that interpretation, industry practice and guidance may evolve. If our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from our assumptions, our operating results may be adversely affected and could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.

Our insurance policies are expensive and protect us only from some business risks, which leaves us exposed to significant uninsured liabilities.

We do not carry insurance for all categories of risk that our business may encounter. Although we carry product liability insurance in the United States, we can give no assurance that such coverage will be available or adequate to satisfy any claims. Product liability insurance is expensive, subject to significant deductibles and exclusions, and may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain or maintain insurance at an acceptable cost or on acceptable terms with adequate coverage or otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, we could be exposed to significant liabilities. A product liability claim, recall or other claim with respect to uninsured liabilities or for amounts in excess of insured liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Defending a suit, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could be costly, could divert management’s attention from our business and might result in adverse publicity, which could result in reduced acceptance of our products in the market, product recalls or market withdrawals.

We do not carry specific hazardous waste insurance coverage, and our insurance policies generally exclude coverage for damages and fines arising from hazardous waste exposure or contamination. Accordingly, in the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages or be penalized with fines in an amount exceeding our resources, and our clinical trials or regulatory approvals could be suspended.

We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers. We do not know, however, if we will be able to maintain existing insurance with adequate levels of coverage. Any significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The failure of third parties to meet their contractual, regulatory, and other obligations could adversely affect our business.

We rely on suppliers, vendors, outsourcing partners, consultants, alliance partners and other third parties to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize our products and manage certain parts of our business. Using these third parties poses a number of risks, such as: (i) they may not perform to our standards or legal requirements; (ii) they may not produce reliable results; (iii) they may not perform in a timely manner; (iv) they may not maintain confidentiality of our proprietary information; (v) disputes may arise with respect to ownership of rights to

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technology developed with our partners; and (vi) disagreements could cause delays in, or termination of, the research, development or commercialization of our products or result in litigation or arbitration. Moreover, some third parties are located in markets subject to political and social risk, corruption, infrastructure problems and natural disasters, in addition to country-specific privacy and data security risk given current legal and regulatory environments. Failure of third parties to meet their contractual, regulatory, and other obligations may materially affect our business.

If our trademarks and tradenames are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets and our business may be adversely affected.

We rely on trademarks, service marks, tradenames and brand names to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors, and have registered or applied to register these trademarks. We cannot assure you that our trademark applications will be approved. During trademark registration proceedings, we may receive rejections. Although we are given an opportunity to respond to those rejections, we may be unable to overcome such rejections. In addition, in proceedings before the USPTO and comparable agencies in many foreign jurisdictions, third parties are given an opportunity to oppose pending trademark applications and to seek to cancel registered trademarks. Opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our trademarks, and our trademarks may not survive such proceedings. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition and could require us to devote resources towards advertising and marketing new brands. At times, competitors may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. Certain of our current or future trademarks may become so well known by the public that their use becomes generic and they lose trademark protection. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
In the normal course of business, we collect and store personal information and other sensitive information on our information systems. To protect our information, our existing cybersecurity policies require continuous monitoring and detection programs and network security precautions.
Our cybersecurity processes, technologies, and controls aid in our efforts to assess, identify, and manage material risks associated with cybersecurity threats. These risks include, among other things, operational risks; intellectual property theft; fraud; extortion; harm to employees or customers; violation of privacy or security laws and other litigation and legal risks and reputational risks.
Our enterprise risk management program incorporates risks related to cybersecurity threats alongside other company risks as part of our overall risk assessment process. We also employ a cybersecurity-specific risk assessment process. Our IT professionals collaborate with subject matter specialists, as necessary, to gather insights for identifying and assessing material cybersecurity threat risks, their severity, and potential mitigations. We employ a range of tools and services, including regular network and endpoint monitoring, vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, and tabletop exercises to inform our professionals of risk identification and assessment.
We also engage experts to attempt to infiltrate our information systems.
Additionally, we undertake the following activities as part of our processes to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats:
monitor emerging data protection laws and implement changes to our processes as needed;
conduct periodic cybersecurity management and incident training as well as social engineering training for employees and consultants involved in our systems and processes that handle sensitive data;
require employees, as well as third-parties who provide services on our behalf, to treat customer information and data with care;
perform tabletop exercises to simulate a response to a cybersecurity incident and use the findings to inform our processes and technologies; and
leverage the NIST incident handling framework to help us respond, and recover when there is an actual or potential cybersecurity incident;
carry information security risk insurance to provide protection against certain potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident.
We also maintain an incident response plan, which outlines our procedures for detecting, responding to and recovering from cybersecurity incidents. The incident response plan includes processes to triage, assess severity for, escalate, contain, investigate, and remediate the cybersecurity threats and incidents, as well as to assist in complying with potentially applicable legal obligations and mitigating brand and reputational damage.
As part of the above processes, we engage with assessors, consultants, auditors, and other third-parties to review our cybersecurity program to help identify areas for continued focus, improvement and/or compliance.
We are continuing to build processes to address cybersecurity threat risks associated with our use of third-party service providers, including those in our supply chain or who have access to our customer and employee data or our systems. Third-party risks are included within our enterprise risk management assessment program, as well as our cybersecurity-specific risk identification program, both of which are discussed above. Additionally, we generally require those third parties that have greater access to sensitive information to agree by contract to manage their cybersecurity risks in specified ways, and to agree to be subject to cybersecurity audits, which we conduct as appropriate.
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We do not believe risks from identified cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, we can give no assurance that we have detected or protected against all cybersecurity threats or incidents. Please refer to the risk factor titled “Failure to protect our information technology infrastructure against cyberattacks, security breaches, service interruptions, or data corruption could materially disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business and operating results”, included as part of our risk factor disclosures at Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional information about risks related to cybersecurity matters.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes, which are discussed in greater detail above, are overseen by our cybersecurity committee, which is led by our Vice President, IT and is comprised of a cross-functional team which includes our Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel, along with other members of our IT, legal, finance and internal audit departments. To facilitate our cybersecurity risk management program, multidisciplinary teams throughout the Company are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity incidents. Our cybersecurity committee meets on a regular basis and is informed about and monitors the prevention, mitigation, detection, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above.
Through ongoing communications with these teams, our Vice President, IT, and the cybersecurity committee monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents in real time, and report such threats and incidents to the audit committee on a quarterly basis and as otherwise necessary, and annually to the full Board and as the cybersecurity committee otherwise deems appropriate. Our Vice President, IT has over 20 years of prior work experience in various roles involving managing information security, developing cybersecurity strategy, implementing effective information and cybersecurity programs, managing data centers, designing networks and infrastructure. Our Vice President of IT oversees a team of experienced and certified individuals who holds various certificates relevant to information security.
The audit committee of our board of directors has oversight responsibility for our data security practices and cybersecurity threats, periodically reviewing and discussing with management our policies, practices and risks related to information systems, information security, data privacy and cybersecurity. At least annually, the entire board of directors receives an overview from management of our cybersecurity threat risk management and strategy processes covering topics such as data security posture, results from third-party assessments, progress towards pre-determined risk-mitigation-related goals, our incident response plan, and material cybersecurity threat risks or incidents and developments, as well as the steps management has taken to respond to such risks, and information security considerations arising with respect to our peers and other third parties. Material cybersecurity threat risks are also considered during separate Board meeting discussions of important matters such as enterprise risk management, operational budgeting, mergers and acquisitions, and other relevant matters.

Item 2. Properties.

PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters, which includes our manufacturing facility, is located in Irvine, California, where we occupy a facility totaling approximately 40,000130,000 square feet under a lease agreement that expires in September 2024.July 2041. This facility contains dedicated research and development, training, education and manufacturing spaces.

We also lease a small office in Basel, Switzerland.

In October 2020,2023, we entered intosigned a ten-year lease and construction agreement for 185,000 square feet of land with options to lease additional land of 283,000 square feet in the Evolution Free Trade Zone in Costa Rica. The lease provides for, among other things, the construction of and option to purchase a largermanufacturing and distribution facility, in Irvine, California, totaling approximately 120,000 square feet. The new leasewhich is expected to commencebe operational in the second quarter of 2021, at which time we will move all of our operations to this new facility. The lease contains two optional extension periods of five years each.

2025.

We believe these facilities are sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs in the near term and that suitable additional space is available as needed to accommodate the expansion of our operations and manufacturing and distribution activities.

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In December 2023, we received a civil investigative demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, in connection with an investigation under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and Civil False Claims Act (the “Investigation”). The CID requests information and documents primarily relating to meals and consulting service payments provided to health care professionals (“HCPs”). We are not currentlycooperating with the Investigation. We are unable to express a party toview at this time regarding the likely duration, or ultimate outcome, of the Investigation or estimate the possibility of, or amount or range of, any material legal proceedings. From time to time wepossible financial impact. Depending on the outcome of the Investigation, there may become involved in legal proceedings or investigations which could have an adversebe a material impact on our reputation, business, andresults of operations, or financial condition and divert the attention of our management from the operation of our business.

condition.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol NARI. Public trading of our common stock began on May 22, 2020. Prior to that, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market:

 

 

Low

 

 

High

 

Fiscal year ending December 31, 2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First quarter (1)

 

$

 

 

$

 

Second quarter (beginning May 22, 2020)

 

 

39.55

 

 

 

54.86

 

Third quarter

 

 

46.16

 

 

 

84.91

 

Fourth quarter

 

 

58.66

 

 

 

88.75

 

“NARI”

(1)

We completed our public offering during the second quarter of 2020, so no data is available for first quarter.

Stockholders

Stockholders

As of March 1, 2021,February 23, 2024, there were approximately 3010 holders of record of our common stock. This number does not include stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying in the foreseeable future, any cash dividends on our capital stock. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects, and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

Unregistered sales of equity securities

None.

Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers

None.

Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans

The information required by this item with respect to our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement relating to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates.

Stock Performance Graph

The graph below shows a comparison, from May 22, 2020 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq) through December 31, 2020,2023 of the cumulative total return to stockholders of our common stock relative to the Nasdaq Composite Index (“NBI”) and, the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index (“IXIC”). and the S&P Health Care Equipment Index. The graph assumes that

94


$100 $100 was invested in each of our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite, and the Nasdaq Biotechnology and the S&P Health Care Equipment Index at their respective closing prices on May 22, 2020 and assumes reinvestment of gross dividends. The stock price performance shown in the graph represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future stock price performance. This graph is not “soliciting material,”material”, is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

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COMPARISON OF 43 MONTH CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Inari Medical, Inc., the NASDAQ Composite Index
and the S&P Health Care Equipment Index
10-K Graph Image.jpg
*$100 Invested on 5/22/20 in stock or 4/30/20 in index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The consolidated statements[Reserved]

Not applicable.
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Table of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, and the selected consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8, “Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Revenue

 

$

139,670

 

 

$

51,129

 

 

$

6,829

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

13,106

 

 

 

5,911

 

 

 

1,281

 

Gross profit

 

 

126,564

 

 

 

45,218

 

 

 

5,548

 

Operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

 

18,399

 

 

 

7,220

 

 

 

3,990

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

89,746

 

 

 

37,197

 

 

 

10,698

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

108,145

 

 

 

44,417

 

 

 

14,688

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

 

18,419

 

 

 

801

 

 

 

(9,140

)

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

484

 

 

 

89

 

 

 

92

 

Interest expense

 

 

(1,135

)

 

 

(920

)

 

 

(887

)

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 

 

(3,317

)

 

 

(957

)

 

 

(85

)

Other expenses

 

 

(662

)

 

 

(205

)

 

 

(133

)

Total other expenses

 

 

(4,630

)

 

 

(1,993

)

 

 

(1,013

)

Net income (loss)

 

$

13,789

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Net income (loss) per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.43

 

 

$

(0.20

)

 

$

(2.01

)

Diluted

 

$

0.27

 

 

$

(0.20

)

 

$

(2.01

)

Weighted average common shares used to compute net income

   (loss) per share,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

32,033,827

 

 

 

5,887,542

 

 

 

5,056,743

 

Diluted

 

 

51,554,996

 

 

 

5,887,542

 

 

 

5,056,743

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

Consolidated Balance sheet Data:

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

 

$

164,210

 

 

$

23,639

 

 

$

21,834

 

Working capital

 

 

191,835

 

 

 

30,538

 

 

 

23,837

 

Total assets

 

 

214,092

 

 

 

44,546

 

 

 

26,901

 

Total liabilities

 

 

13,838

 

 

 

29,520

 

 

 

12,177

 

Total warrant liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

1,169

 

 

 

213

 

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

 

 

 

 

 

54,170

 

 

 

54,170

 

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

 

 

200,254

 

 

 

(39,144

)

 

 

(39,446

)

Contents

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read theMANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act,that are based upon current plans, expectations and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “could,” “potentially” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition, or state other “forward-looking” information. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptionsbeliefs that underlie these statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to certaininvolve risks and uncertainties that could causeuncertainties. Our actual results tomay differ materially from those anticipated in thethese forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause suchstatements as a difference include, but are not limited to,result of various factors, including those discussed in this report in Partset forth under “Part I, Item 1A — “Risk Factors,”1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Please also see the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

OVERVIEW
Patients first. No small plans. Take care of each other. These are the guiding principles that form the ethos of Inari Medical. We are committed to improving lives in extraordinary ways by creating innovative solutions for both unmet and elsewhere in this report. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently availableunderserved health needs. In addition to our management. These statements, like all statementspurpose-built solutions, we leverage our capabilities in this report, speak only as of their date,education, clinical research, and we undertake no obligationprogram development to update or revise these statements in light of future developments. We caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.

Overview

improve patient outcomes. We are a commercial-stage medical device company focused on developing productspassionate about our mission to treat and transform the lives of patients suffering from venous diseases. Our initial product offering consists of two minimally-invasive, novel catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy devices. We purpose-builtestablish our products for the specific characteristics of the venous system and the treatment of the two distinct manifestations of venous thromboembolism, or VTE – deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Our ClotTriever product is FDA-cleared for the treatment of DVT. Our FlowTriever product is the first thrombectomy system FDA-cleared for the treatment of pulmonary embolism, or PE, and is also FDA-cleared for clot in transit in the right atrium.

We believe the best way to treat VTE and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease is to safely and effectively remove the blood clot. With that in mind, we designed and purpose-built our ClotTriever and FlowTriever products to remove large clots from large vessels and eliminate the need for thrombolytic drugs. We believe our products are transformational and could be the catalyst to drive an evolution of treatment for venous diseases, establishing our productstreatments as the standard of care for venous disease, including venous thromboembolism, chronic venous disease and beyond. We are just getting started.

We purpose build a variety of products, including minimally invasive, novel, catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy devices and their accessories to address the unique characteristics of specific disease states. In addition, in November 2023, we acquired LimFlow, a medical device company focused on limb salvage for patients with CLTI. CLTI is an advanced stage of peripheral artery disease that is associated with increased mortality, risk of amputation and impaired quality of life. The LimFlow system utilizes TADV to bypass blocked arteries in the leg and deliver oxygenated blood back into the foot via the veins in CLTI patients. Together, our devices and systems provide solutions to address the following disease states: deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, arteriovenous (AV) thrombosis primarily in dialysis fistulas or grafts, acute limb ischemia (ALI), chronic venous disease, and CLTI.
During 2023, we released the following products:
RevCore thrombectomy catheter, which is an FDA-cleared mechanical thrombectomy device for venous stent thrombosis;
Triever 16 Curve catheter, which is FDA-cleared for PE and venous thrombus removal;
ClotTriever Bold catheter, which is FDA-cleared for DVT and PE.

the removal of acute and chronic clots in the peripheral vasculature; and

ClotTriever XL, which is a purpose-built FDA-cleared catheter for efficient clot removal with minimal blood loss.
We believe our venous-focusedmission-focused and highly-trained commercial organization provides a significant competitive advantage. Our most important relationships are between our sales representatives and our treating physicians, which include interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons. We recruit sales representatives who have substantial and applicable medical device and/or sales experience. Our front-line sales representatives typically attend procedures, which puts us at the intersection of the patients and physicians. We have developed systems and processes to harness the information gained from these relationships and we leverage this information to rapidly iterate products,our solutions, introduce and execute physician education and training programs and scale our sales organization. We market and sell our productssolutions to hospitals, which are reimbursed by various third-party payors. We have dedicated meaningful resources to building a direct sales force in the United States, and we continue to expand our sales organization through additional sales representatives and territories.

On May 27, 2020, we completed our IPO, which resulted in the issuance and sale of 9,432,949 shares of common stock, including 1,230,384 shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, at the IPO price of $19.00 per share. We received net proceeds of approximately $163.0 million from the IPO, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions of $12.6 million and offering costs of $3.7 million.

Prior to our IPO, our primary sources of capital were private placements of preferred stock, debt financing arrangements and revenue from sales of our products. Since inception, we had raised a total of approximately $54.2 million in net proceeds from private placements of preferred stock.

As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had cash, and cash

97


equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of $164.2$116.1 million, no long-term debt outstanding and an accumulated deficit of $27.4$48.5 million.

70

For the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, we generated revenue of $139.7$493.6 million, with a gross margin of 90.6%88.0% and net incomeloss of $13.8$1.6 million, compared to revenue of $51.1$383.5 million, with a gross margin of 88.4% and net loss of $1.2$29.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

COVID-19

In2022.

Comparison of the years ended December 2019,31, 2022 and 2021
For a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, SARS-CoV-2, and the resulting disease, COVID-19, has spread to most countries, including all 50 states in the United States. In response to the pandemic, numerous state and local jurisdictions imposed and may continue to impose from time to time “shelter-in-place” orders, quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders and restrictions for their residents to control the spread of COVID-19. For example, in the United States, governmental authorities recommended, and in certain cases required, that elective, specialty and other procedures and appointments be suspended or canceled to avoid non-essential patient exposure to medical environments and potential infection with COVID-19 and to focus limited resources and personnel capacity toward the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Similarly, in March 2020, the governor of California, where our headquarters are located, issued a “stay at home” order limiting non-essential activities, travel and business operations. In December 2020, the governor of California issued an additional regional “stay at home” order with tiered restrictions based on each region’s ICU availability. Such orders or restrictions resulted in reduced operations at our headquarters (including our manufacturing facility), work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions and cancellation of events. Taken as a whole, these orders and restrictions significantly decreased the number of procedures performed using our products, particularly during the second quarter of 2020, and otherwise negatively impacted our operations, including new customer procurement and onboarding.

In response to the impact of COVID-19, beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we implemented a variety of measures to help us manage through its impact and position us to resume operations quickly and efficiently once these restrictions were lifted. These measures existed across several operational areas and included:

Continuing to build our team, including identifying and recruiting our next group of new sales representatives;

Enhancing our physician outreach and training with the launchcomparison of our Clot Warrior Academy consistingresults of a seriesoperations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of live webinarsFinancial Condition and an online education portal;

Continuing to support procedures usingResults of Operations” of our products both in-person and virtually;

Adapting, expanding and improving our sales training programs and customer engagement to address the current environment;

Continuing to expand our engineering infrastructure and focusingannual report on organic opportunities;

Producing approximately four months’ worth of inventory before temporarily suspending production in April 2020;

Continuing to protect and support our employees, including no layoffs, furloughs or compensation reductions to date;

Executing a successful work-from-home strategy for administrative functions that includes launching various efficiency projects in information technology, accounting and operations;

Monitoring and reviewing recent case studies of VTE patients suffering from COVID-19;

Initiating market assessment and commercial entry planning for our international expansion; and

Accessing the remaining $10.0 million on our term loan on March 23, 2020, which was repaid in full along with all our long term-debt in August 2020.

Despite the negative impacts from COVID-19,Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2022 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023, which comparative information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Acquisition of LimFlow
On November 15, 2023, we completed our IPOacquired LimFlow for $250.0 million in cash, which was adjusted based on the estimated working capital, indebtedness, cash and approximately 13,200 procedures were performed using our products, comparedtransaction expenses of LimFlow, with contingent consideration of up to approximately 4,600

98


procedures ina maximum of $165.0 million payable based on the year ended December 31, 2019. During the second quarterachievement of 2020, we experienced disruptions to our procedure volume beginning in mid-March as a result of COVID-19,certain commercial and weekly procedure volumes declined by approximately 40% by mid-April when compared to weekly procedure volumes in early March.reimbursement milestones. The decrease in procedure volume impacted DVT procedures and PE procedures relatively equally, with both types of procedures declining during this period. However, we saw a recovery in procedure volume in June that was higher than our pre- COVID-19 peak. During the third and fourth quarters, we saw continued sequential growth beyond previous quarters.

While we are encouraged by our third and fourth quarters results, we are aware that the actual and perceived impact of COVID-19 is changing and cannot be predicted. As a result, we cannot assure you that our recent procedure volumes are indicative of future results or that we will not experience additional negative impacts associated with COVID-19, which could be significant. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted our business, financial condition and results of operations by significantly decreasing and delayingof LimFlow have been included in our consolidated financial statements from the number of procedures performed using our products, and we expect the pandemic could continue to negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Procedure Volume

We regularly review various operating and financial metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate our business plan and make strategic decisions. We believe the number of procedures performed to treat DVT and PE using our products is an indicator of our ability to drive adoption and generate revenue. We believe this is an important metric for our business; however, we anticipate that additional metrics may become important as our business grows. The following table lists the number of procedures performed in eachdate of the three-month periods as indicated:

acquisition.

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Procedures(1)

 

Dec 31, 2020

 

 

Sept 30, 2020

 

 

June 30, 2020

 

 

March 31, 2020

 

 

Dec 31, 2019

 

 

Sept 30, 2019

 

 

June 30, 2019

 

 

March 31, 2019

 

DVT

 

 

2,400

 

 

 

2,000

 

 

 

1,400

 

 

 

1,300

 

 

 

1,000

 

 

 

700

 

 

 

500

 

 

 

300

 

PE

 

 

2,200

 

 

 

1,700

 

 

 

1,100

 

 

 

1,100

 

 

 

800

 

 

 

600

 

 

 

400

 

 

 

300

 

 

 

 

4,600

 

 

 

3,700

 

 

 

2,500

 

 

 

2,400

 

 

 

1,800

 

 

 

1,300

 

 

 

900

 

 

 

600

 

(1)

We define a procedure as any instance in which a physician treats DVT or PE using our products. We estimate the number of procedures performed based on records created by our sales representatives. This metric has limitations as we only have records for the procedures where our sales representatives have notice that a procedure has been performed. Revenue is recognized based on hospital purchase orders, not based on the procedure records created by our sales representatives. Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred.

COMPONENTS OF OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenue

We currently derive

During 2023, we derived substantially all our revenue from the sale of our ClotTriever and FlowTrieverVTE products directly to hospitals primarily located in the United States.States while we continued to grow internationally. Our customers typically purchase our products through an initial stocking order, of our products and then reorder replenishment productinventory as procedures are performed. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenue during the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 55% of our customers used both of our products, 33% used ClotTriever only and 12% used FlowTriever only.2021. We expect our revenue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our offerings, grow the sales organization and sales territories, add customers, expand the base of physicians that are trained to usewho gain experience with using our products, expand awareness of our products with new and existing customers and as physicians perform more procedures using our products.Revenue for
We disaggregate revenue between VTE and Emerging Therapies markets. VTE comprises revenue from the sale of our ClotTriever and FlowTriever productssystems. Emerging Therapies comprises revenues from the sale of our solutions addressing chronic venous disease, CLTI, small vessel thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism. Revenue from VTE and Emerging Therapies are as a percentage of total revenue is as follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

ClotTriever

 

 

37

%

 

 

38

%

 

 

41

%

FlowTriever

 

 

63

%

 

 

62

%

 

 

59

%

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
VTE$476,275 $381,431 $276,984 
Emerging Therapies17,357 2,040 — 
Total Revenue$493,632 $383,471 $276,984 

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For the year ended December 31, 2020, our blended revenue per procedure was over $9,100. Blended revenue per procedure represents the average of the average selling price per ClotTriever and the average price per FlowTriever procedure.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin

We manufacture and/or assemble substantially all our products at our facility in Irvine, California. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of raw materials, components, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment and operations supervision and management, including stock-based compensation. Cost of goods sold also includes depreciation expense for production equipment and certain direct costs such as shipping costs and royalty expense. Shipping costs billed to customers are reported as a reduction of cost of goods sold.costs. We expect cost of goods sold to continue to increase in absolute dollars as our revenue grows, we introduce new products, and more of our products are sold,sold; however, we also expect to realize opportunities to increase operating leverage inas we continue to expand and optimize our manufacturing operations.

operations.


71

We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by revenue. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including average selling prices, product sales mix, production and ordering volumes, manufacturing costs, product yields, headcount and cost-reduction strategies. Our gross margin could fluctuate from quarteryear to quarteryear as we introduce new products, adopt new manufacturing processes and technologies, and as we expand internationally.

Treatments

Additionally, treatments using the FlowTriever may involve oneour systems can be billed on a per system price or more Triever aspiration catheters and one or more FlowTriever catheters. Weprice per component. For our products sold on a per system price, we typically charge customers the same price, for each FlowTriever procedure, regardless of the number of components used.used during the procedure. As a result, changes in the number of components used, the cost of these components and the introduction of additional components into the systems can impact our gross margin.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development, or R&D,“R&D”, expenses consist primarily of engineering, product development, clinical studies to develop and support our products, regulatory expenses, and other costs associated with products that are in development. These expenses include employee compensation, including stock-based compensation, supplies, consulting, prototyping, testing, materials, travel expenses,and depreciation and an allocation of facility overhead expenses. Additionally, R&D expenses include costs associated with our clinical trials and registries, including clinical study design, clinical study site initiation and study costs, data management, and internal and external costs associated with ourincurred in the process of regulatory compliance, includingsubmissions, which include the costs of outside consultants and contractors that assist in the process of submitting and maintaining regulatory filings.contractors. We expense R&D costs as incurred. We expect R&D to increase in absolute dollars in the near term and generally expect R&D expenses as a percentage of revenue to vary over time depending on the level and timing of our new product development efforts, as well as our clinical evidence development, clinical trials and registries and other related activities.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses“SG&A”, expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including stock-based compensation, related to selling and marketing functions, physician education programs, commercial operations and analytics, finance, information technology, and human resource and other corporate functions. Other SG&A expenses include sales commissions, travel expenses, promotional activities, marketing initiatives, market research and analysis, conferences and trade shows, physician training, professional services fees (including acquisition related transaction costs, legal, audit and tax fees), insurance costs, general corporate expenses, facilities-related expenses and facilities-related expenses.amortization of intangible assets. We expect SG&A expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales and marketing organization and infrastructure to both drive and support the anticipated growth in revenue and due to additional legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses associated with being a public company.

revenue.

Interest Income

Interest income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and cash equivalents.

100


investments.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest incurred onfees related to our outstanding indebtednessAmended Credit Agreement, as defined in Note 12. Credit Facility, and non-cash interest related to the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs associated with our indebtedness.

Change in Fair ValueAmended Credit Agreement.

72

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of the years ended December 30, 202031, 2023 and 2019

2022

The following table sets forth the components of our unaudited statementsresults of operations in dollars and as percentage of revenue for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

2020

 

 

%

 

 

2019

 

 

%

 

 

Change $

 

Years Ended December 31,
2023
2023
2023%2022%Change $

Revenue

 

$

139,670

 

 

 

100.0

%

 

$

51,129

 

 

 

100.0

%

 

$

88,541

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

13,106

 

 

 

9.4

%

 

 

5,911

 

 

 

11.6

%

 

 

7,195

 

Gross profit

 

 

126,564

 

 

 

90.6

%

 

 

45,218

 

 

 

88.4

%

 

 

81,346

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating expenses
Research and development
Research and development

Research and development

 

 

18,399

 

 

 

13.2

%

 

 

7,220

 

 

 

14.1

%

 

 

11,179

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

89,746

 

 

 

64.3

%

 

 

37,197

 

 

 

72.8

%

 

 

52,549

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

108,145

 

 

 

77.5

%

 

 

44,417

 

 

 

86.9

%

 

 

63,728

 

Income from operations

 

 

18,419

 

 

 

13.1

%

 

 

801

 

 

 

1.5

%

 

 

17,618

 

(Loss) income from operations

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

484

 

 

 

0.3

%

 

 

89

 

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

395

 

Interest income
Interest income

Interest expense

 

 

(1,135

)

 

 

(0.8

%)

 

 

(920

)

 

 

(1.8

%)

 

 

(215

)

Other expenses

 

 

(662

)

 

 

(0.5

%)

 

 

(205

)

 

 

(0.4

%)

 

 

(457

)

Change in fair value of warrant

liabilities

 

 

(3,317

)

 

 

(2.4

%)

 

 

(957

)

 

 

(1.9

%)

 

 

(2,360

)

Total other expenses, net

 

 

(4,630

)

 

 

(3.4

%)

 

 

(1,993

)

 

 

(3.9

%)

 

 

(2,637

)

Net income (loss)

 

$

13,789

 

 

 

9.7

%

 

$

(1,192

)

 

 

(2.4

%)

 

$

14,981

 

Other income
Total other income
Income (loss) before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income

Revenue. Revenue increased $88.6$110.2 million, or 173%28.7%, to $139.7$493.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $51.1$383.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The increase in revenue was primarily due primarily to an increase in the number of products sold. The increase in revenue was offset in part by the negative impactsold as we expanded our sales territories globally, opened new accounts and achieved deeper penetration of the COVID-19 pandemic on procedure volumeour products into existing accounts, and introduced new orders during the year ended December 31, 2020.

products.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin. Cost of goods sold increased $7.2$14.6 million, or 122%32.7%, to $13.1$59.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $5.9$44.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. This increase was due to the increase in the number of products sold and additional manufacturing overhead costs incurred as we invested significantly in our operational infrastructure to support anticipated future growth. Cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2020 was also impacted by $1.1 million in idle production capacity costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gross Margin. Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased2023 decreased to 90.6%88.0%, compared to 88.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019 due to an increase in the average selling prices of our products and improved operating leverage.

2022.

Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased $11.2$13.3 million, or 155%17.9%, to $18.4$87.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $7.2$74.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The

101


increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to increases of $5.5$6.6 million of personnel-related expenses, $2.5 million of clinical study and registry expenses, $2.4$4.4 million in materials and supplies, $1.5 million of clinical and $0.7regulatory expenses, and $0.6 million in professional fees,software costs and depreciation expenses, in support of our growth drivers to increase ourdevelop new product pipelineproducts and build the clinical evidence base.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased $52.5$68.2 million, or 141%23.3%, to $89.7$361.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $37.2$292.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The increase in SG&A costs was primarily due to an increaseincreases of $41.9$50.7 million in personnel-related expenses as a result of increased headcount across our organization and increased commissions due to higher revenue, an increase of $3.8$11.2 million in professional fees, an increase of $2.4which $8.7 million are transaction costs as well as certain integration related costs associated with the acquisition of LimFlow, $2.6 million in insurancetravel and related expenses, $2.1 million
73

in materials and supplies, $1.3 million of amortization expense related to the acquired intangible asset, $1.1 million in software costs an increase of $0.8and depreciation expenses, and $0.5 million in facility costs, and an increaseoffset by a decrease in $0.8 million in travel costs.

insurance related expenses of $1.5 million.

Interest Income. Interest income increased by $395,000$13.8 million to $484,000 during$15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to $89,000 during$1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The increase in interest income was primarily due to an increasehigher interest rates and higher cash balances invested in average cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in debt securities during the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, resulting from the receipt of IPO proceeds in May 2020.

2022.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $0.2 million or 23% during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to higher average borrowings under our credit facilities during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities. Change in fair value of warrant liabilities increased $2.4 million to $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $0.9 million for year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was due to the fair value remeasurement of our convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities.

Other expenses. Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted primarily of a $0.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt related to the payoff of our debt facility with Signature Bank.

Comparison of the years ended December 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth the components of our statements of operations in dollars and as percentage of revenue for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

%

 

 

2018

 

 

%

 

 

Change $

 

Revenue

 

$

51,129

 

 

 

100.0

%

 

$

6,829

 

 

 

100.0

%

 

$

44,300

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

5,911

 

 

 

11.6

%

 

 

1,281

 

 

 

18.8

%

 

 

4,630

 

Gross profit

 

 

45,218

 

 

 

88.4

%

 

 

5,548

 

 

 

81.2

%

 

 

39,670

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

 

7,220

 

 

 

14.1

%

 

 

3,990

 

 

 

58.4

%

 

 

3,230

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

37,197

 

 

 

72.8

%

 

 

10,698

 

 

 

156.7

%

 

 

26,499

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

44,417

 

 

 

86.9

%

 

 

14,688

 

 

 

215.1

%

 

 

29,729

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

 

801

 

 

 

1.5

%

 

 

(9,140

)

 

 

(133.9

%)

 

 

9,941

 

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

89

 

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

92

 

 

 

1.3

%

 

 

(3

)

Interest expense

 

 

(920

)

 

 

(1.8

%)

 

 

(887

)

 

 

(13.0

%)

 

 

(33

)

Other expenses

 

 

(205

)

 

 

(0.4

%)

 

 

(133

)

 

 

(1.9

%)

 

 

(72

)

Change in fair value of warrant

   liabilities

 

 

(957

)

 

 

(1.9

%)

 

 

(85

)

 

 

(1.2

%)

 

 

(872

)

Total other expenses, net

 

 

(1,993

)

 

 

(3.9

%)

 

 

(1,013

)

 

 

(14.8

%)

 

 

(980

)

Net loss

 

$

(1,192

)

 

 

(2.4

%)

 

$

(10,153

)

 

 

(148.7

%)

 

$

8,961

 

Revenue. Revenue increased $44.3 million, or 648.7%, to $51.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $6.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in the number of products sold and an increase in the average selling prices of our products.

102


Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin. Cost of goods sold increased $4.6 million, or 361.4%, to $5.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $1.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was due to the increase in the number of products sold and additional manufacturing overhead costs as we relocated to our new facility in Irvine, California and invested significantly in our operational infrastructure to support anticipated future growth. Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased to 88.4%, compared to 81.2% in the year ended December 31, 2018 due to an increase in the average selling prices of our products and improved operating leverage.

Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased $3.2 million, or 80.9%, to $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $4.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to an increase of $1.3 million of personnel-related expenses, $1.1 million of clinical study and registry expenses and $0.5 million in materials and supplies.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased $26.5 million, or 247.7%, to $37.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $10.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in SG&A costs was primarily due to an increase of $20.1 million in personnel- related expenses as a result of increased headcount of our sales organization, increased commissions due to higher revenue and an increase in the number of products sold, an increase of $2.1 million in professional fees, an increase of $1.6 million in travel costs and an increase of $1.2 million in marketing and event costs.

Interest Income. Interest income decreased by 3.3% during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to a decrease in average cash and cash equivalents during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by 3.7% during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was primarily due to $10.0 million of additional borrowings drawn under the credit facility with Signature Bank in December 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate outstanding principal balance under the amended and restated loan and security agreement with East West Bank was $10.0 million. As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate outstanding principal balance under the credit facility with Signature Bank was $20.0 million.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities. Change in fair value of warrant liabilities increased $0.9 million to $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was due to the fair value remeasurement of our convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities.

Other Expenses. Other expenses increased to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019,2023, compared to $0.1$0.3 million and December 31, 2022.

Other income. Other income of $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. This2023 consisted primarily of $3.5 million gain arising from the fair value adjustment of our previously held investment in LimFlow as a result of the acquisition of LimFlow, offset by an impairment loss related to our strategic investment of $0.6 million. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $0.4 million consisted primarily of foreign currency transaction gains.
Income Taxes. Income taxes increased by $2.8 million to $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase wasin the provision for income taxes primarily related to an increase in the current year U.S. federal and state income taxes due to a loss on extinguishmentthe capitalization and amortization of debt relatedcertain research and development expenses and an increase of US pre-tax book income in 2023 compared to the refinancing of our debt facility.

Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

The following table represents certain unaudited quarterly information for the periods presented. The unaudited quarterly information set forth below has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited annual financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report and includes, in our opinion, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods presented. Our historical unaudited quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.

103


The following unaudited quarterly financial information for 2020 and 2019 should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

2022.

 

 

2020 Quarters ended

 

 

 

March 31

 

 

June 30

 

 

September 30

 

 

December 31

 

Revenue

 

$

26,953

 

 

$

25,392

 

 

$

38,715

 

 

$

48,610

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

2,706

 

 

 

3,487

 

 

 

3,228

 

 

 

3,686

 

Gross profit

 

 

24,247

 

 

 

21,905

 

 

 

35,487

 

 

 

44,924

 

Operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

 

3,018

 

 

 

3,628

 

 

 

5,217

 

 

 

6,535

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

16,393

 

 

 

18,880

 

 

 

23,080

 

 

 

31,393

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

19,411

 

 

 

22,508

 

 

 

28,297

 

 

 

37,928

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

 

4,836

 

 

 

(603

)

 

 

7,190

 

 

 

6,996

 

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

55

 

 

 

146

 

 

 

208

 

 

 

75

 

Interest expense

 

 

(346

)

 

 

(463

)

 

 

(251

)

 

 

(75

)

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 

 

(433

)

 

 

(2,884

)

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

Other expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(651

)

 

 

(11

)

Total other expenses

 

 

(724

)

 

 

(3,201

)

 

 

(694

)

 

 

(11

)

Net income (loss)

 

$

4,112

 

 

$

(3,804

)

 

$

6,496

 

 

$

6,985

 

Net income (loss) per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.64

 

 

$

(0.16

)

 

$

0.13

 

 

$

0.14

 

Diluted

 

$

0.09

 

 

$

(0.16

)

 

$

0.12

 

 

$

0.13

 

Weighted average common shares used to compute net

   income (loss) per share,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

6,398,897

 

 

 

24,295,900

 

 

 

48,335,443

 

 

 

48,742,302

 

Diluted

 

 

44,952,704

 

 

 

24,295,900

 

 

 

55,355,846

 

 

 

55,221,012

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019 Quarters ended

 

 

 

March 31

 

 

June 30

 

 

September 30

 

 

December 31

 

Revenue

 

$

6,945

 

 

$

10,072

 

 

$

14,225

 

 

$

19,887

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

931

 

 

 

1,331

 

 

 

1,510

 

 

 

2,139

 

Gross profit

 

 

6,014

 

 

 

8,741

 

 

 

12,715

 

 

 

17,748

 

Operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

 

1,209

 

 

 

1,580

 

 

 

1,722

 

 

 

2,709

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

5,426

 

 

 

7,803

 

 

 

10,100

 

 

 

13,868

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

6,635

 

 

 

9,383

 

 

 

11,822

 

 

 

16,577

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

 

(621

)

 

 

(642

)

 

 

893

 

 

 

1,171

 

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

23

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

19

 

 

 

23

 

Interest expense

 

 

(227

)

 

 

(229

)

 

 

(226

)

 

 

(238

)

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 

 

(123

)

 

 

(118

)

 

 

(320

)

 

 

(395

)

Other expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(205

)

Total other expenses

 

 

(327

)

 

 

(323

)

 

 

(527

)

 

 

(815

)

Net income (loss)

 

$

(948

)

 

$

(965

)

 

$

366

 

 

$

356

 

Net income (loss) per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

(0.17

)

 

$

(0.17

)

 

$

0.06

 

 

$

0.06

 

Diluted

 

$

(0.17

)

 

$

(0.17

)

 

$

0.01

 

 

$

0.01

 

Weighted average common shares used to compute net

   income (loss) per share,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

5,599,815

 

 

 

5,753,332

 

 

 

5,962,665

 

 

 

6,226,610

 

Diluted

 

 

5,599,815

 

 

 

5,753,332

 

 

 

43,911,252

 

 

 

44,660,631

 

104


Liquidity and Capital Resources

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
To date, our primary sources of capital have been the net proceeds we received through private placements of preferred stock, debt financing agreements, the sale of common stock in our IPO completed on May 27, 2020 and follow-on offering completed in March 2022, and revenue from the sale of our products. On May 27, 2020, we completed our IPO, including the underwriters full exercise of their over-allotment option, selling 9,432,949 shares of our common stock at $19.00 per share. Upon completion of our IPO, we received net proceeds of approximately $163.0 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In August 2020, we repaid in full the $30.0 million of principal owed under the credit facility with Signature Bank.  As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $114$38.6 million, restricted cash of $0.6 million and short-term investments in debt securities of $50.0$76.9 million. We maintain cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions in excess of insured limits.

On November 15, 2023, we acquired LimFlow for total consideration of $318.2 million, which included a cash consideration of $242.0 million, fair value of contingent consideration of $65.9 million and an accumulated deficitremeasurement of $27.4our previously held investment in LimFlow of $10.2 million. The cash consideration was funded using our existing cash and short-term investments. The additional contingent payments related to certain commercial and reimbursement milestones can be up to $165.0 million which includes (i) up to $140.0 million based on net revenue generated from the sale of the LimFlow system for the years 2024 through 2026 and (ii) up to $25.0 million based on the achievement of certain reimbursement milestones related to the LimFlow System. Revenue-based milestone payments are expected to be due in the first quarter of each of 2025, 2026 and 2027. The timing of reimbursement-based milestone payments is dependent on the achievement of such milestones and other conditions set forth in the share purchase agreement with LimFlow. For additional information about the acquisition, see Note 3. Business Combination.
In September 2020,December 2022, we entered into a newamended our revolving Credit Agreement with Bank of America (as amended, the “Previously Amended Credit Agreement”) which provides for loans up to a maximum of $30$40.0 million and increases the optional accordion to $120.0 million. The Previously Amended Credit Agreement also included a Letter of Credit subline facility (“LC Facility”) of up to $5.0 million. In February 2023, we amended the LC Facility to increase the limit to up to $10.0 million. In November 2023, we further amended the Amended Credit Agreement, as defined in Note 12. Credit Facility, to, among other things, increase the amount available for borrowing to up to a maximum principal amount of $75.0 million. We also amended the LC Facility to increase the limit to up to $18.8 million. As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had no principal outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement and the amount available to borrow was approximately $28.5$56.1 million.

As of December 31, 2023, we had four letters of credit in the aggregated amount of $2.4 million outstanding under the LC Facility and as a result, we had $16.4 million of unused line of credit. The aggregate stated amount outstanding of letter of credits reduces the total borrowing base available under the Amended Credit Agreement and is subject to certain fees. For additional information about the Amended Credit Agreement, see Note 12. Credit Facility.

74

Our other short-term and long-term material cash requirements, from known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023, include a contingent consideration liability, operating lease liabilities and uncertain tax positions as well as costs associated with integration of our LimFlow acquisition, as discussed in the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Based on our current planned operations, we expectanticipate that our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and available borrowings under our Amended Credit Agreement will enable usbe sufficient to fund our operating expenses for at least the next 12 months from months. Our primary short-term needs for capital for our current planned operations, which are subject to change, include:
support of commercialization efforts to expand our sales force along with expanding into new markets, and developing products to enhance performance and address unmet market needs;
the date hereof.

continued advancement of research and development including clinical study activities; and

potential expansion needs of our facilities.
If our available cash balances and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements including because of lower demand for our products as a result of the risks described in this Annual Report, we may seek to sell additional common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, enter into an additional credit facility or another form of third-party funding or seek other debt financing. The sale of equity and convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders and, in the case of preferred equity securities or convertible debt, those securities could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock. The terms of debt securities issued or borrowings pursuant to a credit agreement could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our platform technologies or products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. Additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all.

Cash Flows

CASH FLOWS
Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of periods indicated (in thousands):

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Net Cash (used in) provided by:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
202320232022
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Operating activities

Operating activities

 

 

 

$

1,912

 

 

$

(4,936

)

 

$

(10,892

)

Investing activities

 

 

 

 

(55,437

)

 

 

(3,144

)

 

 

(753

)

Financing activities

 

 

 

 

144,115

 

 

 

10,223

 

 

 

26,758

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalent

 

 

 

$

90,590

 

 

$

2,143

 

 

$

15,113

 

Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Net Cash Used inProvided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 20202023 was $1.9$35.9 million, consisting primarily of a net incomeloss of $13.8$1.6 million and non-cash charges of $9.3 million, offset by an increase in net operating assets of $21.2$2.6 million, offset by non-cash charges of $34.9 million. The increasechange in net operating assets was primarily due to increases in accounts receivable of $16.7$11.1 million, inventories of $7.4 million, and inventories of $6.6 million to support the growth of our operations, an increasea decrease in prepaid expenses, deposits and other assets of $2.5$10.7 million, primarily from prepaid insurance, which were partially offset by increasesan increase in accounts payablepayroll-related accruals, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $0.5$11.8 million and accrueda decrease in operating lease liabilities of $4.1 million due to timing of payments and growth of our operations. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of $3.3 million in change in fair value of the preferred stock warrant liabilities, stock-based compensation of $3.5 million, $1.4 million in depreciation, and $0.6 million in loss on extinguishment of debt.

$1.3 million.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 20192022 was $4.9$14.0 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $1.2$29.3 million and an increasea decrease in net operating assets of $6.3$21.5 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $2.5$36.8 million. The increasechange in net operating assets was primarily due to increases in accounts receivable of $9.0$17.0 million and inventories of $2.9$11.7 million, to support the growthand decrease in prepaid expenses, deposits and
75

other assets of $1.2$0.6 million, from deferred offering costs,which were partially offset by increases in payroll-related accruals, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $10.7 million and accounts payable of $1.8$1.1 million and accrued liabilities of $4.9 millionprimarily due to timing of payments and growth of our operations. The non-cash charges primarily consistedoperations, and decreases in lease prepayments for lessor's owned leasehold improvements of $0.6 million in depreciation, stock-based compensation of $0.5 million, non-cash interest expense and other charges related to the amended and restated loan and security agreement with East West Bank and credit facility with Signature Bank of $0.3$4.2 million and the change in fair value of the preferred stock warrant liability of $1.0 million.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $10.9 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $10.2 million and an increase in net operating assets of $1.5 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.8 million. The increase in net operating assets was primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $2.2 million due to increase in sales and inventories of $0.6 million to support the growth of our operations, partially offset by increases in accounts payable of $0.4 million and accruedlease liabilities of $0.8 million due to timing of payments and growth of our operations. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of $0.3 million in depreciation, stock-based compensation of $0.3 million, non-cash interest expense and other charges related to the amended and restated loan and security agreement with East West Bank of $0.1 million and the change in fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants of $0.1$0.9 million.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 20202023 was $55.4$58.0 million, consisting of $406.2 million of purchases of short-termmarketable securities, $240.4 million of $50.0net cash paid for the LimFlow acquisition, $4.7 million andof purchases of property and equipment, $1.5 million for capitalized software development, and $0.6 million of $5.4purchases of other investments, offset by maturities of marketable securities of $508.3 million and sales of marketable securities of $87.1 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20192022 was $195.2 million, consisting of $489.6 million of purchases of marketable securities, $8.3 million purchases of other investments, and 2018 was $3.1$10.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively, consisting of purchases of property and equipment.

equipment, offset by maturities of marketable securities of $312.6 million.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 20202023 was $144.1$1.2 million, primarily consisting of net IPO$9.9 million proceeds from the issuance of $164.4common stock under our employee stock purchase plan and $0.8 million and netof proceeds from exercise of $10.0 million received from additional borrowings under the credit facility with Signature Bank, partiallystock options, offset by the $30.3$9.6 million repayment of the amount outstanding under the credit facility.

tax payments related to vested restricted stock units (“RSUs”).

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 20192022 was $10.2$177.1 million, primarily consisting of $174.4 million net proceeds of $10.0 million received from additional borrowings under the credit facility with Signature Bank, $0.8 million in proceeds received from subscription receivable, $0.5 million in deferred financing costs paid, and $0.1 million in proceeds received from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $26.8 million primarily relates to net proceeds of $26.9 million from the issuance of common stock in the follow-on offering, net of issuance costs of $11.9 million, $8.4 million proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our Series C convertible preferredemployee stock purchase plan and $0.2$0.8 million of debt financing costs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as definedproceeds from exercise of stock options, offset by applicable regulations$6.5 million of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, that are reasonably likelytax payments related to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table shows our contractual obligations due by period as of December 31, 2020:

vested restricted stock units (“RSUs”).

 

 

 

 

Less than 1 year

 

 

1-3 years

 

 

4-5 years

 

 

More than 5 years

 

 

Total

 

Operating lease obligations

 

 

 

$

1,506

 

 

$

4,636

 

 

$

4,536

 

 

$

13,672

 

 

$

24,350

 

Total

 

 

 

$

1,506

 

 

$

4,636

 

 

$

4,536

 

 

$

13,672

 

 

$

24,350

 

106


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions for the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to our financial condition and results of operations and require our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts which were not completed as of that date.  Revenue for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with

We sell our historic accounting under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.

Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine whether revenue recognition for arrangements is within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Product sales of the FlowTriever and ClotTriever systems are madeproducts primarily to hospitals in the United States utilizing our direct sales force. We recognize the revenue for arrangements where we have satisfied our performance obligation of shipping or delivering the products. For sales where our sales representative hand-deliver products directly to the hospitals, control of the product transfers to the customers upon such hand delivery. For sales where our products are shipped, the control of the products transfer either upon shipment or delivery of the products to the customer, depending on the shipping terms and conditions. Revenue from product sales is comprised of product revenue, net of product returns, administrationadministrative fees and sales rebates.

76

Performance Obligation—We have revenue arrangements that consist of a single performance obligation, which is the shipping or delivery of our products. The satisfaction of thisour performance obligation occurs with the transfer of control of our product to our customers, either upon shipment or delivery of the product.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods. The amount of revenue that is recognized is based on the transaction price, which represents the invoiced amount, and includes estimatesnet of variable consideration such as rebate and administrative fees and sales rebates, where applicable. We provide a standard 30-day unconditional right of return period. We establish estimated provisions for returns at the time of sale based on historical experience. Historically, the actual product returns have been immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.

Assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we recognize revenue for arrangements where

For both the Company has satisfied its performance obligation of delivering the product. For sales where our sales representatives hand deliver products directly to the hospital, control of the products transfers to the customer upon such hand delivery. For sales where products are shipped, control of the products transfers either upon shipment or delivery of the products to the customer, depending on the shipping terms and conditions. As ofyears ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, we recorded $498,000 and $330,000, respectively,$1.2 million of unbilled receivables, which are included in accounts receivable, net, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

107


Revenue for ClotTriever and FlowTriever products as a percentage of total revenue was derived as follow:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

ClotTriever

 

 

37

%

 

 

38

%

 

 

41

%

FlowTriever

 

 

63

%

 

 

62

%

 

 

59

%

We offer payment terms to our customers of less than three months and these terms do not include a significant financing component. We exclude taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue-producing transactions from the measurement of the transaction price.

We offer aour standard warranty to all customers. We do not sell any warranties on a standalone basis. Our warranty provides that itsour products are free of material defects and conform to specifications, and weincludes an offer to repair, replace or refund the purchase price of defective products. This assurance does not constitute a service and is not considered a separate performance obligation. We estimate warranty liabilities at the time of revenue recognition and record it as a charge to cost of goods sold.

Costs associated with product sales include commissions and are recorded in selling, general and administrativeSG&A expenses. We apply the practical expedient and recognizesrecognize commissions as an expense when incurred because the amortization period is less than one year.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Investment in Equity Securities
We consider cash on hand, cash in demand deposit accounts including money market funds, and instruments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at date of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents. We maintain our cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash balances with banks. Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, deposits of up to $250,000 at FDIC-insured institutions are covered by FDIC insurance. At times, deposits may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit; however, management does not believe we are exposed to any significant related credit risk.

Short-term investments have been classified as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments in debt securitiescertain privately held companies, with no readily determinable fair value. We measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investments. We monitor the information that becomes available from time to time and adjust the carrying values of purchase. Available-for-sale securities with original maturities less than 12 months at the date of purchasethese investments if there are considered short-term investments.

Accounts Receivable, net

We record trade accounts receivable at the invoiced amount, net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. Any allowance for doubtful accounts is developed based upon several factors including the customers’ credit quality, historical write-off experience and any known specific issuesidentified events or disputes which exist as of the balance sheet date. Account receivable balances are written off against the allowance after appropriate collection efforts are exhausted.

The allowance for doubtful accounts was $62,000 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and no accounts receivable write offs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Despite the Company’s efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, customers could be adversely affected if future economic and industry trends, including those related to COVID-19, changechanges in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. The full effects of COVID-19 on the Company’s customers are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. As a result, the Company’s future collection experience can differ significantly from historical collection trends. If the Company’s clients experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it couldcircumstances that have a materialsignificant adverse effect on the Company’s resultsfair values or if there are observable changes in fair value. As of operationsDecember 31, 2023, total other investments of $1.5 million were included in deposits and financial condition.

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Inventories, net

Inventories, which includes material, labor and overhead costs, are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. We regularly review inventory quantities in process and on hand, and when appropriate, record a provision for obsolete and excess inventory after consideration of actual loss experience, projected future demand, and remaining shelf life. Our policy is to write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value and inventory in excess of expected requirements based on future demand and as compared to remaining shelf life. The estimate of excess quantities is subjective and primarily dependent on our estimates of future demand for a particular product. If the estimate of future demand is inaccurate based on actual sales, we may increase the write down for excess inventory for that component and record a charge to inventory impairmentother assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As a result of the LimFlow acquisition, we recognized a gain on the pre-existing investment in LimFlow of $3.5 million, which was recorded in other income (expense) in consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Stock-Based Compensation

Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an impairment loss of $0.6 million related to a strategic investment in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Income Taxes
We maintain an equity incentive plan that permitsuse the grantasset and liability method of share-based awards, such as stock grantsaccounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and incentives and non-qualified stock options to employees, directors, consultants and advisors. We also offer an employee stock purchase plan which allows participating employees to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount through payroll deductions.

We recognize equity-based compensation expense for awards of equity instruments to employees and directorsliabilities are determined based on the grant date fair valuedifferences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of those awards.assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Management assesses the likelihood that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2023, we are in a net deferred tax liability position due to the LimFlow acquisition. However, a valuation allowance has been maintained against certain deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2022, the net deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance. We estimatewill continue to assess its position on the realizability of its deferred tax assets, until such time as sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed. Any release of the valuation allowance will result in a material benefit recognized in the quarter of release.

77

We recognize uncertain income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which judgment occurs. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of provision for income taxes.
Business Combination
Under the acquisition method of accounting, ASC 805, Business Combinations, we allocate the fair value of our stock option awards madethe total consideration transferred to employeesthe tangible and non-employeesidentifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition. Determining these fair values requires us to make estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. We record the excess consideration over the aggregate fair value of tangible and intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed, as goodwill. Costs that we incur to complete the business combination, such as legal and other professional fees, are expensed as they are incurred.
In an acquisition with a contingent consideration which can be earned by the sellers upon completion of certain future performance or other milestones, the acquisition-date fair value of contingent consideration liability is recorded as a component of accrued liabilities and/or other long-term liabilities. These estimates require significant management judgment, including evaluating the probability of achieving certain future milestones. The fair value of contingent consideration is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation which represents Level 3 measurements because they are supported by little or no market activity and reflect our own assumptions in measuring fair value. Estimates and assumptions used in the fair value assessment included forecasted revenues for LimFlow, revenue risk premium, revenue volatility, operational leverage ratio, counterparty credit spread, and weighted average cost of capital. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration subsequent to the acquisition date are recognized in SG&A expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of a reporting period that falls within the measurement period, we report provisional amounts in its financial statements. During the measurement period, we adjust the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. We record these adjustments to the provisional amounts with a corresponding offset to goodwill. Any adjustments identified after the measurement period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Goodwill and Intangible Asset
Assets acquired, including intangible assets, and liabilities assumed are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Goodwill, which has an indefinite useful life, represents the excess of cost over fair value of the net assets acquired.
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, the acquired goodwill is not amortized; however, it is reviewed for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment. Goodwill is considered to be impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its respective fair value.
We perform a goodwill impairment analysis at the reporting unit level, which aligns with our reporting structure and availability of discrete financial information. During the goodwill impairment review, we assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units are less than the carrying amounts, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, and our overall financial performance. If, after assessing the totality of these qualitative factors, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units are less than the carrying amounts, then no additional assessment is deemed necessary. Otherwise, we proceed to compare the estimated fair values as of the grant date usingreporting units with the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, netcarrying values, including goodwill. If the carrying amounts of estimated forfeitures. Thethe reporting units exceed the fair value of restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards is determinedvalues, we record an impairment loss based on the numberdifference. We may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment in a period and proceed to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test.
78

Our identifiable intangible asset with a finite life is comprised of the Company’s common stock asacquired developed technology. The cost of the grant date. The fair value of each purchase under the employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”)identifiable intangible assets with finite lives is estimated at the beginning of the offering period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The model requires us to make a number of assumptions including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. We expense the fair value of our equity-based compensation awardsgenerally amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, whichassets’ respective estimated useful lives.

We perform regular reviews to determine if any event has occurred that may indicate that intangible assets with finite useful lives are potentially impaired. If indicators of impairment exist, an impairment test is performed to assess the periodrecoverability of the affected assets by determining whether the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the affected assets are not recoverable, we estimate the fair value of the assets and record an impairment loss if the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value. Factors that may indicate potential impairment include a significant decline in whichour stock price and market capitalization compared to the related services are received.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

net book value, significant changes in the ability of a particular asset to generate positive cash flows for our strategic business objectives, and the pattern of utilization of a particular asset.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Please refer to Note 22. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing under Part 2, Item 8 for a discussion of new accounting standards updates that may impact us.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

As an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period and, as a result, our operating results and financial statements may not be comparable to the operating results and financial statements of companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards.

109


Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is primarily limited to our debt.indebtedness and short-term investments. As of December 31, 2020, 2023, we had repaid in full the SB Credit Facility and had no long-term debt outstanding.outstanding and had $76.9 million of short-term investments. A hypothetical 10% relative change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our financial statements. We do not currently engage in hedging transactions to manage our exposure to interest rate risk.

Credit Risk

As of December 31, 2020,2023, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were maintained with fivetwo financial institutions in the United States, and our current deposits are likely in excess of insured limits. We do not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risk. Our cash equivalents are invested in highly rated money market funds.

Our accounts receivable primarily relaterelates to revenue from the sale of our products primarily to hospitals and medical centers in the United States. No customer represented 10% or more of our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2020.

2023.

Foreign Currency Risk

Our business is primarily conducted in U.S. dollars. Any transactions that may be conducted in foreign currencies are not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. As we expand internationally, our results of operations and cash flows may become increasingly subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The financial statements required to be filed pursuant to this Item 8 are appended to this report.Annual Report on Form 10-K. An index of those financial statements is found in Item 15 of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

79

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of disclosure controlsDisclosure Controls and procedures

Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act)., as of December 31, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, ouras of December 31, 2023, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at theto provide reasonable assurance levelthat information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as of December 31, 2020.

appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s annual reportAnnual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report and for the assessment of management’s assessment regarding ourthe effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (asas defined in RulesRule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) or an attestation reportAct. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision and with the participation of our independent registeredmanagement, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financing reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the

110


SEC for newly public companies. Additionally, our independent registered accounting firm will not be required to opineprinciples.

Management's assessment and conclusion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until we are no longeras of December 31, 2023, excludes an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act.

Attestation reportassessment of the registered public accounting firm

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to an exemption established by the JOBS Act for "emerging growth companies."

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

of LimFlow, which we acquired on November 15, 2023, due to the proximity of the acquisition to the year ended on December 31, 2023. In conducting our evaluation of internal controls over financial reporting, we have excluded assets, liabilities, and results of operations from the assessment. LimFlow represented approximately 55% of the total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2023. Revenues of the acquired operations of LimFlow were immaterial to our total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and oversight of the board of directors, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
As of December 31, 2023, we are in the process of evaluating and integrating the internal controls of the acquired LimFlow business into our existing operations.
80

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we implemented or changed controls related to due diligence, business combination accounting and disclosures, and governance. Other than the remediation efforts identified belowcontrols enhanced or implemented to remediateintegrate the material weaknesses disclosed in the September 30, 2020 Form 10-Q,LimFlow business, there werewas no changeschange in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 20202023, that havehas materially affected, or areis reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation

Attestation Report of Material Weaknessesthe Registered Public Accounting Firm
BDO USA, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in this Annual Report, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as set forth below:

81

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Inari Medical, Inc.
Irvine, California
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Inari Medical, Inc.’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated February 28, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management has implemented remediation measures relatedReporting. Our responsibility is to segregation express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of duties throughout various financial processesthe Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our documentationaudit of internal controls. We have supplemented the accounting and finance function with additional personnel with technical accounting andcontrol over financial reporting experience,in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and have enhancedperform the accounting andaudit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting procedures and systems to improve the completeness, timeliness and accuracywas maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of ourinternal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and disclosures includingtesting and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As indicated in the accompanying Item 9A. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of more judgmental areasand conclusion on the effectiveness of accounting.

We believe these measures have remediatedinternal control over financial reporting did not include the material weaknessesinternal controls of LimFlow, which was acquired on November 15, 2023, and which is included in the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2020.

2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. LimFlow constituted 55% of consolidated assets as of December 31, 2023, and was immaterial to the consolidated revenues for the year then ended. Management did not assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of LimFlow because of the timing of the acquisition which was completed on November 15, 2023. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of LimFlow.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the
82

company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ BDO USA, P.C.
Costa Mesa, California
February 28, 2024

Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Insider Trading Arrangements
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the following directors or executive officers as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as such term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, for the purchase or sale of our securities:
On November 13, 2023, Andrew J. Hykes, Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c) (a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan”) for the sale of securities of our common stock. Mr. Hykes’ Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, which has a term from March 20, 2024 to December 31, 2024, provides for the sale of up to 110,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a series of market orders at pre-determined price thresholds.
On November 9, 2023, Mitchell C. Hill, Chief Financial Officer, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan for the sale of securities of our common stock. Mr. Hill’s Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, which has a term from March 12, 2024 to December 31, 2024, provides for the exercise of options and sale of up to 45,000 shares of common stock on a monthly basis at a pre-determined limit price.
On November 11, 2023, Thomas Tu, MD, Chief Medical Officer, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan for the sale of securities of our common stock. Mr. Tu’s Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, which has a term from February 27, 2024 to December 31, 2024, provides for the sale of up to 82,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a series of market orders at pre-determined price thresholds.
On December 6, 2023, Rebecca Chambers, a member of our Board of Directors, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan for the sale of securities of our common stock. Ms. Chambers’ Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, which has a term from May 18, 2024 to December 20, 2024, provides for the sale of up to 1,224 shares of common stock pursuant to a series of market orders.
On December 14, 2023, William Hoffman, a member of our Board of Directors, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan for the sale of securities of our common stock. Mr. Hoffman’s Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, which has a term from March 14, 2024 to March 16, 2025, provides for the sale of up to 735,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a series of market orders at pre-determined price thresholds.
Other Information.

None.

than the adoption of the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans noted above, during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, none of our directors or executive officers as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTION
Not applicable.
83

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Except as provided below, the information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in “Executive Officers,” “Election“Information Regarding our Executive Officers”, “Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors,”Directors”, and “Corporate Governance and Board Matters”, and Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” which will be included in our Proxy Statement for our 20212024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the Proxy Statement, to be filed with the SEC.

Code of Ethics and Conduct

Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of ethics and conduct that applies to the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. A copy of this code of ethics and conduct is posted on the Investors section of our website under Governance at www.inarimedical.com. This code of ethics and conduct also applies to all employees, officers and directors. If the Company waives or amends any provisions of these codes of conduct that apply to the directors and executive officers, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and persons performing similar functions, it will disclose such waivers or amendments on our website, at the address and location specified above, to the extent required by applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission or the NASDAQ.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in “Executive Compensation,”Compensation” and “Director Compensation” and “Corporate Governance”Governance and Board Matters” which will be included in our Proxy Statement.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

SECURITIES OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” which will be included in our Proxy Statement.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance”Governance and Board Matters” which will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in “Ratification“Proposal No. 2: Ratification of Selectionthe Appointment of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” which will be included in our Proxy Statement.

84

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)

List the following documents filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(1)

Financial Statements: The financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this document are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(a)List the following documents filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
(1)Financial Statements: The financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this document are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)Financial Statement Schedules: All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable.
(3)Exhibits.
85

Exhibit Index
Incorporated by reference
Exhibit
Number
DescriptionForm
File
Number
ExhibitFiling Date
2.18-K001-39293
2.1*
11/2/2023
3.18-K001-392933.15/28/2020
3.28-K001-392933.25/28/2020
4.1S-1333-2365684.12/21/2020
4.2S-1333-2365684.22/21/2020
4.3S-1333-2365684.32/21/2020
4.4S-1333-2365684.42/21/2020
4.5S-1333-2365684.52/21/2020
4.610-K001-392934.62/23/2022
10.1S-1/A333-23656810.15/5/2020
10.2#S-1333-23656810.32/21/2020
10.3#S-1333-23656810.42/21/2020
10.4#S-1333-23656810.52/21/2020
10.5#S-1/A333-23656810.65/18/2020
10.6#S-1/A333-23656810.6.15/18/2020
10.7#S-1/A333-23656810.6.25/18/2020
10.8#10-K001-3929310.83/9/2021
10.9#10-Q001-3929310.311/12/2020
10.10#10-K001-3929310.252/23/2022
10.11#10-K001-3929310.142/23/2022
10.12S-1333-23656810.22/21/2020
86

Incorporated by reference
Exhibit
Number
DescriptionForm
File
Number
ExhibitFiling Date
10.1310-K001-3929310.173/9/2021
10.1410-Q001-3929310.111/12/2020
10.1510-K001-3929310.183/9/2021
10.16
10.1710-Q001-3929310.105/3/2023
10.18S-1333-23656810.92/21/2020
10.19S-1333-23656810.102/21/2020
10.20S-1333-23656810.112/21/2020
10.218-K001-3929310.19/11/2020
10.228-K001-3929310.13/31/2021
10.2310-K001-3929310.242/23/2022
10.2410-Q001-3929310.18/3/2022
10.2510-K001-3929310.282/27/2023
10.2610-K001-3929310.292/27/2023
10.278-K001-3929310.111/2/2023
87

(2)

Financial Statement Schedules: All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable

(3)

Exhibits

113


 

 

Exhibit Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

Incorporated by reference

Exhibit

Number

 

Description

 

Form

 

File

Number

 

Exhibit

 

Filing Date

3.1

 

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

 

8-K

 

001-39293

 

3.1

 

5/28/2020

3.2

 

Amended and Restated Bylaws

 

8-K

 

001-39293

 

3.2

 

5/28/2020

4.1

 

Form of Certificate of Common Stock

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

4.1

 

2/21/2020

4.2

 

Second Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and certain investors, dated March 29, 2018

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

4.2

 

2/21/2020

4.3

 

Warrant to purchase common stock, issued by Inari Medical, Inc. to Croton Partners, LLC, dated February 19, 2015

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

4.3

 

2/21/2020

4.4

 

Warrant to purchase Series A preferred stock, issued by Inari Medical, Inc. to Silicon Valley Bank, dated December 10, 2014

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

4.4

 

2/21/2020

4.5

 

Warrant to purchase Series B preferred stock, issued by Inari Medical, Inc. to East West Bank dated April 29, 2016

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

4.5

 

2/21/2020

10.1

 

Form of Indemnification Agreement between Inari Medical, Inc. and its directors and officers

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.1

 

5/5/2020

10.2#

 

2011 Equity Incentive Plan

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.3

 

2/21/2020

10.3#

 

Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to 2011 Equity Incentive Plan

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.4

 

2/21/2020

10.4#

 

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to 2011 Equity Incentive Plan

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.5

 

2/21/2020

10.5#

 

2020 Incentive Award Plan

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.6

 

5/18/2020

10.6#

 

Form of Option Agreement pursuant to 2020 Incentive Award Plan

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.6.1

 

5/18/2020

10.7#

 

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to 2020 Incentive Award Plan

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.6.2

 

5/18/2020

10.8#

 

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement pursuant to 2020 Incentive Award Plan – International

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.9#

 

Amended and Restated 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

10-Q

 

001-39293

 

10.3

 

11/12/2020

10.10#

 

Employment Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2020, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and William Hoffman

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.12

 

5/5/2020

10.11#

 

Employment Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2020, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Mitchell Hill

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.13

 

5/5/2020

10.12#

 

Employment Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2020, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Andrew Hykes

 

S-1/A

 

333-236568

 

10.14

 

5/5/2020

10.13#

 

Employment Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2020, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Dr. Thomas Tu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.14#

 

Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Program

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.15

 

Lease Agreement, dated as of March 6, 2019, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Bake Technology Park LLC

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.2

 

2/21/2020

10.16

 

Lease Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2020, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Oak Canyon Creek LLC

 

10-Q

 

001-39293

 

10.1

 

11/12/2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

114


 

 

 

 

 

 

Incorporated by reference

Exhibit

Number

 

Description

 

Form

 

File

Number

 

Exhibit

 

Filing Date

10.17

 

Lease Termination Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2020, as modified by that First Amendment to the Lease Termination Agreement dated February 3, 2021, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Bake Technology Park LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.18

 

First Amendment to Lease dated March 3, 2021, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Oak Canyon Creek LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.19

 

Sublicense Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2019, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Inceptus Medical, LLC

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.9

 

2/21/2020

10.20

 

Amended and Restated Services Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2018, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Inceptus Medical, LLC

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.10

 

2/21/2020

10.21

 

Amended and Restated Technology Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2018, by and between Inari Medical, Inc. and Inceptus Medical, LLC

 

S-1

 

333-236568

 

10.11

 

2/21/2020

10.22

 

Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of September 4, 2020, by and among Inari Medical, Inc., Inari Medical International, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.

 

8-K

 

001-39293

 

10.1

 

9/11/2020

21.1

 

Subsidiaries of the registrant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31.1

 

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31.2

 

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.1†

 

Certifications of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.2†

 

Certifications of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101.INS

 

XBRL Instance Document

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101.SCH

 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101.CAL

 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101.DEF

 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101.LAB

 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101.PRE

 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

#

Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are deemed furnished and not filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporatedIncorporated by reference into any filing

Exhibit
Number
DescriptionForm
File
Number
ExhibitFiling Date
10.28
10.29#
10.30#
10.31#8-K001-3929310.19/18/2023
10.32#8-K001-3929310.19/18/2023
10.33#8-K001-3929310.19/18/2023
21.1
23.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
97.1
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its EBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page with Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in such filing.

Exhibit 101).

115


Item 16.

# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.
† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K Summary

are deemed furnished and not filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Inari Medical, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

88

Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.

116


SIGNATURES

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

INARI MEDICAL, INC

INC.

Date: February 28, 2024

By:

/s/ Andrew Hykes

Date: March 9, 2021

By:

/s/ William Hoffman

Andrew Hykes

William Hoffman

Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), President

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints William HoffmanAndrew Hykes and Mitchell Hill, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

89

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name

Title

Title

Date

/s/ William Hoffman

Andrew Hykes

Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), President and Director

March 9, 2021

February 28, 2024

William Hoffman

Andrew Hykes

/s/ Mitchell Hill

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)

March 9, 2021

February 28, 2024

Mitchell Hill

/s/ Donald Milder

Chair of the Board of Directors

March 9, 2021

February 28, 2024

Donald Milder

/s/ Rebecca Chambers

Director

February 28, 2024

Rebecca Chambers

/s/ William Hoffman

Director

February 28, 2024

William Hoffman

/s/ Cynthia Lucchese

Director

Director

March 9, 2021

February 28, 2024

Cynthia Lucchese

/s/ Dana G. Mead

Director

February 28, 2024

Dana G. Mead, Jr.

/s/ Kirk Nielsen

Director

February 28, 2024

Kirk Nielsen

/s/ Kirk Nielsen

Jonathan Root

Director

Director

March 9, 2021

February 28, 2024

Kirk Nielsen

/s/ Geoff Pardo

Director

March 9, 2021

Geoff Pardo

/s/ Jonathan Root

Director

March 9, 2021

Jonathan Root, M.D.

/s/ Catherine Szyman

Director

February 28, 2024

Catherine Szyman

/s/ Robert Warner

Director

February 28, 2024

/s/ Catherine Szyman

Robert Warner

Director

March 9, 2021

Catherine Szyman

117

90

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F-1


ReportTable of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Shareholders and Board of Directors

Inari Medical, Inc.

Irvine, California

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Inari Medical, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), mezzanine equity and stockholders’ equity, (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020,2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20202023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated February 28, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Acquisition of LimFlow S.A.
As described in Note 3 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, on November 15, 2023, the Company acquired LimFlow S.A. (“LimFlow”) for total purchase consideration of $318.2 million, including contingent consideration of $65.9 million. The identifiable intangible asset acquired was developed technology and has been recorded by management at its estimated fair value of $146.0 million. Contingent consideration
F-2

payments include (i) up to $140.0 million based on net revenue generated from the sale of the LimFlow system for the years 2024 through 2026 and (ii) up to $25.0 million based on the achievement of certain reimbursement milestones related to the LimFlow system. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and contingent consideration were recognized at the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date.
We identified the estimation of fair values of the acquired intangible asset and contingent consideration as a critical audit matter. Auditing the Company’s valuation for the acquired intangible asset required subjective and complex auditor judgment due to the significant estimation uncertainty in determining the fair value of the intangible asset of $146.0 million. The fair value estimate for the intangible asset was sensitive to changes in significant underlying assumptions, including forecasted revenues, cost of sales and operating expenses, technology obsolescence, and the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”). The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration included the use of a Monte Carlo simulation which used significant assumptions such as forecasted revenues, revenue volatility, and WACC. Auditing these elements involved subjective and complex auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters, including the extent of specialized skill or knowledge needed.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Utilizing personnel with specialized knowledge and skills in valuation to assist in the evaluation of the reasonableness of the Monte Carlo simulation, revenue volatility, technology obsolescence, and WACC, including (i) evaluating the mathematical accuracy of the Monte Carlo simulation by performing an independent calculation, (ii) developing independent ranges of the revenue volatility and WACC utilizing market data, and (iii) evaluating the reasonableness of technology obsolescence by comparing to market data.
Evaluating the reasonableness of the forecasted revenues by comparing to market and industry data.
Evaluating the reasonableness of forecasted cost of sales by comparing to third party pricing data and assessing as a percentage of sales versus industry data.
Evaluating the reasonableness of forecasted operating expenses by comparing to industry data.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

P.C.

We have served as the Company’sCompany's auditor since 2019.

Costa Mesa, California

March  9, 2021

F-2

February 28, 2024
F-3

Table of ContentsInari Medical, Inc.

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)

 

December 31,

2020

 

 

December 31,

2019

 

December 31,
2023
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

114,229

 

 

$

23,639

 

Restricted cash

 

 

50

 

 

 

50

 

Short-term investments

 

 

49,981

 

 

 

 

Short-term investments in debt securities

Accounts receivable, net

 

 

28,008

 

 

 

11,302

 

Inventories, net

 

 

10,597

 

 

 

3,953

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

 

2,808

 

 

 

464

 

Total current assets

 

 

205,673

 

 

 

39,408

 

Property and equipment, net

 

 

7,498

 

 

 

3,331

 

Restricted cash

 

 

338

 

 

 

338

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Intangible assets

Deposits and other assets

 

 

583

 

 

 

1,469

 

Total assets

 

$

214,092

 

 

$

44,546

 

Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
Accounts payable

Accounts payable

 

$

3,047

 

 

$

2,549

 

Payroll-related accruals

 

 

8,198

 

 

 

5,225

 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

 

 

2,593

 

 

 

1,096

 

Operating lease liabilities, current portion

Total current liabilities

 

 

13,838

 

 

 

8,870

 

Notes payable, net

 

 

 

 

 

19,481

 

Warrant liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

1,169

 

Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent portion
Deferred tax liability
Other long-term liability

Total liabilities

 

 

13,838

 

 

 

29,520

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mezzanine equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001, no shares

authorized, issued, and outstanding as of December 31, 2020;

32,225,227 shares authorized, 31,968,570 shares issued and

outstanding as of December 31, 2019; aggregate liquidation preference

of zero as of December 31, 2020 and $54,415 as of December 31, 2019

 

 

 

 

 

54,170

 

Stockholders' equity (deficit)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares

issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020; no shares authorized,

issued, and outstanding as of December 31, 2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, $0.001 par value, 300,000,000 and 49,019,607 shares

authorized as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively; 49,251,614

and 6,720,767 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020

and 2019, respectively

 

 

49

 

 

 

7

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; 57,762,414 and 54,021,656 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively

Additional paid in capital

 

 

227,624

 

 

 

2,061

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

Accumulated deficit

 

 

(27,423

)

 

 

(41,212

)

Total stockholders' equity (deficit)

 

 

200,254

 

 

 

(39,144

)

Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders' equity (deficit)

 

$

214,092

 

 

$

44,546

 

Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

Table of Contents

F-3


Inari Medical, Inc.

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
2023202320222021

Revenue

 

$

139,670

 

 

$

51,129

 

 

$

6,829

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

13,106

 

 

 

5,911

 

 

 

1,281

 

Gross profit

 

 

126,564

 

 

 

45,218

 

 

 

5,548

 

Operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

 

18,399

 

 

 

7,220

 

 

 

3,990

 

Research and development
Research and development

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

89,746

 

 

 

37,197

 

 

 

10,698

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

108,145

 

 

 

44,417

 

 

 

14,688

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

 

18,419

 

 

 

801

 

 

 

(9,140

)

(Loss) income from operations

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

484

 

 

 

89

 

 

 

92

 

Interest income
Interest income

Interest expense

 

 

(1,135

)

 

 

(920

)

 

 

(887

)

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 

 

(3,317

)

 

 

(957

)

 

 

(85

)

Other expenses

 

 

(662

)

 

 

(205

)

 

 

(133

)

Total other expenses

 

 

(4,630

)

 

 

(1,993

)

 

 

(1,013

)

Net income (loss)

 

$

13,789

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income (expense)
Other income (expense)
Other income (expense)
Total other income (expense)
Income (loss) before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Unrealized loss (gain) on available-for-sale debt securities
Total other comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss)

 

$

13,793

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Net income (loss) per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss) income per share
Basic
Basic

Basic

 

$

0.43

 

 

$

(0.20

)

 

$

(2.01

)

Diluted

 

$

0.27

 

 

$

(0.20

)

 

$

(2.01

)

Weighted average common shares used to compute net income

(loss) per share,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares used to compute net (loss) income per share
Basic
Basic

Basic

 

 

32,033,827

 

 

 

5,887,542

 

 

 

5,056,743

 

56,770,65752,837,67449,815,914

Diluted

 

 

51,554,996

 

 

 

5,887,542

 

 

 

5,056,743

 

Diluted56,770,65752,837,67455,594,159

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

F-5

Table of Contents

Inari Medical, Inc.

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share data)

 

 

Redeemable Convertible

Preferred Stock

 

 

Common Stock

 

 

Subscription

 

 

Additional Paid In

 

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

 

 

Accumulated

 

 

Total

Stockholders' Equity

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Amount

 

 

Shares

 

 

Amount

 

 

Receivable

 

 

Capital

 

 

Income

 

 

Deficit

 

 

(Deficit)

 

Balance, December 31, 2017

 

 

17,312,703

 

 

$

27,251

 

 

 

5,475,506

 

 

$

5

 

 

$

(501

)

 

$

924

 

 

$

 

 

$

(29,971

)

 

$

(29,543

)

Issuance of Series C

  redeemable preferred stock

  at $1.84 per share for cash,

  net of offering costs of $82

 

 

14,655,867

 

 

 

26,919

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

Options exercised for

  common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

835,359

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

(245

)

 

 

258

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14

 

Interest earned on

  subscription receivable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(12

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(12

)

Share based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

248

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

248

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(10,153

)

 

 

(10,153

)

Balance, December 31, 2018

 

 

31,968,570

 

 

 

54,170

 

 

 

6,310,865

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

(758

)

 

 

1,430

 

 

 

 

 

 

(40,124

)

 

 

(39,446

)

Adjustment to recognize new

  revenue recognition standard

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

104

 

 

 

104

 

Options exercised for

  common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

409,902

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

126

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

127

 

Interest earned on

  subscription receivable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(15

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(15

)

Proceeds from subscription

  receivable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

773

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

773

 

Share based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

505

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

505

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,192

)

 

 

(1,192

)

Balance, December 31, 2019

 

 

31,968,570

 

 

 

54,170

 

 

 

6,720,767

 

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,061

 

 

 

 

 

 

(41,212

)

 

 

(39,144

)

Conversion of preferred stock

  to common stock upon

  initial public offering

 

 

(31,968,570

)

 

 

(54,170

)

 

 

31,968,570

 

 

 

32

 

 

 

 

 

 

54,138

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54,170

 

Issuance of common stock in

  connection with initial

  public offering, net of

  issuance costs of $16.3

  million

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,432,949

 

 

 

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

162,970

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

162,979

 

Conversion and

  reclassification of preferred

  stock warrants to common

  stock warrants upon initial

  public offering

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,486

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,486

 

Exercise of common stock

  warrants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

277,309

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

Options exercised for

  common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

851,189

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

466

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

466

 

Issuance of common stock

  upon vesting of restricted

  stock units, net of shares

  withheld for taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

830

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(25

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(25

)

Share based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,524

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,524

 

Unrealized gain on available

  -for-sale securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13,789

 

 

 

13,789

 

Balance, December 31, 2020

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

 

49,251,614

 

 

$

49

 

 

$

 

 

$

227,624

 

 

$

4

 

 

$

(27,423

)

 

$

200,254

 

Common StockAdditional Paid In
Capital
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 202049,251,614$49 $227,624 $4 $(27,423)$200,254 
Options exercised for common stock806,008868 — — 869 
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan85,049— 5,558 — — 5,558 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes170,781— (2,354)— — (2,354)
Share-based compensation— 25,448 — — 25,448 
Other comprehensive loss— — (406)— (406)
Net income— — — 9,840 9,840 
Balance, December 31, 202150,313,45250 257,144 (402)(17,583)239,209 
Options exercised for common stock1,098,841809 — — 810 
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan133,515— 8,422 — — 8,422 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes175,848— (6,489)— — (6,489)
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance costs of $11.9 million2,300,000174,392 — — 174,395 
Share-based compensation— 28,671 — — 28,671 
Other comprehensive income— — 1,251 — 1,251 
Net loss— — — (29,267)(29,267)
Balance, December 31, 202254,021,65654 462,949 849 (46,850)417,002 
Options exercised for common stock517,840— 824 — — 824 
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan204,5459,920 — — 9,921 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes3,018,373(9,577)— — (9,574)
Share-based compensation— 40,337 — — 40,337 
Other comprehensive income— — 8,036 — 8,036 
Net loss— — — (1,636)(1,636)
Balance, December 31, 202357,762,414$58 $504,453 $8,885 $(48,486)$464,910 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

F-6

Table of ContentsInari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Cash flows from operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

13,789

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash

   provided by (used in) operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation

 

 

1,385

 

 

 

614

 

 

 

283

 

Amortization of deferred financing costs

 

 

181

 

 

 

101

 

 

 

106

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

648

 

 

 

205

 

 

 

 

Share based compensation expense

 

 

3,524

 

 

 

505

 

 

 

248

 

Amortization of fair value of warrants issued with debt

 

 

 

 

 

14

 

 

 

30

 

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

 

 

237

 

 

 

119

 

 

 

29

 

Provision for doubtful accounts

 

 

 

 

 

62

 

 

 

 

Loss on change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 

 

3,317

 

 

 

957

 

 

 

85

 

Changes in:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

 

(16,706

)

 

 

(9,017

)

 

 

(2,165

)

Inventories

 

 

(6,644

)

 

 

(2,874

)

 

 

(558

)

Prepaid expenses, deposits and other assets

 

 

(2,458

)

 

 

(1,158

)

 

 

41

 

Accounts payable

 

 

498

 

 

 

1,835

 

 

 

372

 

Payroll-related accruals, accrued expenses and other

   liabilities

 

 

4,141

 

 

 

4,893

 

 

 

790

 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

 

 

1,912

 

 

 

(4,936

)

 

 

(10,892

)

Cash flows from investing activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchase of property and equipment

 

 

(5,460

)

 

 

(3,144

)

 

 

(753

)

Purchase of short-term investments

 

 

(49,977

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

 

(55,437

)

 

 

(3,144

)

 

 

(753

)

Cash flows from financing activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon initial public

   offering, net of issuance costs paid

 

 

164,361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred

   stock, net of offering costs paid

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26,919

 

Proceeds from notes payable

 

 

10,000

 

 

 

20,000

 

 

 

 

Repayments of notes payable

 

 

(30,250

)

 

 

(10,140

)

 

 

 

Debt financing costs

 

 

(442

)

 

 

(536

)

 

 

(175

)

Proceeds from subscriptions receivable

 

 

 

 

 

772

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from exercise of stock option and warrants

 

 

471

 

 

 

127

 

 

 

14

 

Payment of taxes related to vested restricted stock units

 

 

(25

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

 

144,115

 

 

 

10,223

 

 

 

26,758

 

Net increase in cash

 

 

90,590

 

 

 

2,143

 

 

 

15,113

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of period

 

 

24,027

 

 

 

21,884

 

 

 

6,771

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of period

 

$

114,617

 

 

$

24,027

 

 

$

21,884

 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for income taxes

 

$

154

 

 

$

14

 

 

$

16

 

Cash paid for interest

 

$

999

 

 

$

810

 

 

$

747

 

Noncash investing and financing:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accrual of deferred interest obligation associated with debt

 

$

 

 

$

150

 

 

$

140

 

Common stock issued on conversion of convertible

   preferred stock

 

$

54,170

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Common stock warrants issued on conversion of preferred

   stock warrants and the reclassification of the warrant liability

 

$

4,486

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Deferred initial public offering cost recorded to additional

   paid in capital

 

$

1,382

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income$(1,636)$(29,267)$9,840 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization6,890 4,673 3,034 
Amortization of deferred financing costs47 143 143 
Amortization of right-of-use assets3,845 2,446 1,274 
Deferred income taxes(584)— — 
Share-based compensation expense40,337 28,671 25,448 
Impairment loss on strategic investment565 — — 
Allowance for credit losses, net508 736 (22)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets72 94 69 
Amortization of premium and discount on marketable securities(13,280)— — 
Gain on previously held investment in LimFlow(3,475)— — 
Changes in:
Accounts receivable(11,054)(17,030)(14,361)
Inventories(7,438)(11,688)(10,488)
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other assets10,737 580 (3,430)
Accounts payable344 1,140 3,514 
Payroll-related accruals, accrued expenses and other liabilities11,843 10,691 25,992 
Operating lease liabilities(1,336)(923)(772)
Lease prepayments for lessor's owned leasehold improvements(458)(4,238)(14,755)
Net cash provided (used in) by operating activities35,927 (13,972)25,486 
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment(4,710)(9,951)(13,645)
Purchases of marketable securities(406,173)(489,605)(134,377)
Maturities of marketable securities508,279 312,600 97,000 
Sales of marketable securities87,061 — — 
Purchases of other investments(565)(8,260)— 
Net cash paid for acquisition(240,419)— — 
Capitalized software development costs(1,491)— — 
Net cash used in investing activities(58,018)(195,216)(51,022)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance costs of $11.9 million— 174,395 — 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan9,921 8,422 5,558 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options824 810 869 
Payment of taxes related to vested restricted stock units(9,574)(6,489)(2,354)
Net cash provided by financing activities1,171 177,138 4,073 
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(94)(480)(402)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(21,014)(32,530)(21,865)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of year60,222 92,752 114,617 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of year$39,208 $60,222 $92,752 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-7

Table of Contents

F-6


Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


1. Organization

ORGANIZATION

Description of Business

Inari Medical, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in July 2011 and is headquartered in Irvine, California. The Company develops, manufactures, markets and sells devicespurpose builds a variety of products, including minimally invasive, novel, catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy systems for the interventional treatmentunique characteristics of venous diseases. Thespecific disease states.
On November 15, 2023, the Company received initial 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”acquired LimFlow S.A. (“LimFlow”), a medical device company focused in February 2015limb salvage for its FlowTriever system, used primarily to treat pulmonary emboli, and in February 2017 for its ClotTriever system, used forpatients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). LimFlow focuses on transforming the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

Initial Public Offering

In May 2020, the Company completedCLTI, an initial public offering (“IPO”)advanced stage of its common stock. As partperipheral artery disease that is associated with increased mortality, risk of the IPO, the Company issuedamputation and sold 9,432,949 sharesimpaired quality of its common stock, which included 1,230,384 shares sold pursuant to the exerciselife.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, at a public offering price of $19.00 per share. Presentation
The Company received net proceeds of approximately $163.0 million from the IPO, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions of $12.6 million and offering costs of $3.7 million, of which $1.4 million was incurred as of December 31, 2019.  Upon the completion of the IPO, all shares of Series A, B, and C redeemable convertible preferred stock then outstanding were converted into 31,968,570 shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis.

In addition, on the completion of the IPO, all the Company’s outstanding preferred stock warrants were converted into warrants to purchase an aggregate of 256,588 shares of common stock, which resulted in the reclassification of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital.

In connection with the Company’s IPO, in May 2020, the Company’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated to provide for 300,000,000 authorized shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share and 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.

Reverse Stock Splits

In March 2020, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse split of shares of the Company’s common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock on a 1-for-1.19 basis.

In May 2020, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation to effect a second reverse split of shares of the Company’s common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock on a 1-for-1.20 basis. All common stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock, warrants, stock options, RSUs and per share information presented in theaccompanying consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the effect of both reverse stock splits on a retroactive basis for all periods presented. Any fractional shares resulting from the reverse stock splits are rounded down to a whole share.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

COVID-19 and CARES Act

The Company has been actively monitoring the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, situation and its impact. In response to the pandemic, numerous state and local jurisdictions imposed “shelter-in-place” orders, quarantines and other restrictions. Startingprepared in March 2020accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States governmental authorities recommended,of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in certain cases required, that elective, specialty and other procedures and appointments, be suspended or canceled. Similarly, in March 2020, the governor of California, where the Company’s headquarters are located, issued “stay at home” orders limiting non-essential activities, travel and business operations. Such orders or restrictions resulted in reduced operations at the Company’s headquarters, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions and cancellation of events. These orders and restrictions significantly decreased the number of procedures performed using the Company’s products during March and April 2020 and otherwise negatively impacted operations.

F-7


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

In response to the impact of COVID-19,include the Company implemented a variety of measures to help manage through the impact and position it to resume operations quickly and efficiently once these restrictions were lifted. Some of these measures included: adapting, expanding and improving various sales, physician outreach and training programs to address the current environment; producing approximately four months’ worth of inventory before temporarily suspending production, which fully resumed in June 2020, and executing a work from home strategy for administrative functions. The impact of COVID-19 continues to change and cannot be predicted. As a result, the Company expects the pandemic could continue to negatively impact its business, financial condition and results of operations.

On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.” The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company currently may be eligible but has not taken advantage of the payroll protection program, emergency grants and business loans under the CARES Act. The Company expects to monitor the impact that the CARES Act may have on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Principles of Consolidation

In May 2020, the Company formed Inari Medical International, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in Delaware. In September 2020, the Company formed Inari Medical Europe, GmbH, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Inari Medical International, Inc. organized in Switzerland.wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements may include, but are not limited to, thevaluation of intangible asset, contingent consideration liability, collectability of receivables, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of inventory, the fair value of common stock warrants, the fair value of preferred stock warrantoperating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities, theother investments, fair value of stock options, recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance, and certain accruals. TheEstimates are based on historical experience and on various assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under current circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates itssuch estimates and assumptions, on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

As an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 ("the JOBS Act"), the Company is eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements thatthey are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for adopting new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies untiladjusted prospectively based upon such time as those standards apply to private companies.

periodic evaluation.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers cash on hand, cash in demand deposit accounts including money market funds, and instruments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at date of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent and restricted cash balances with banks. Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, deposits of up to $250,000 at FDIC-insured institutions are covered by FDIC insurance. At times, depositsthe cash and cash equivalent balances may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit; however, managementexceed federally insured limits. The Company does not believe the Company is exposed tothat this results in any significant related credit risk.

F-8


Inari Medical, Inc

Notesrisk as the Company’s policy is to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

The following table provides a reconciliation ofplace its cash and cash equivalents andin highly-rated financial institutions. The Company defines restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheetsas cash that sumis legally restricted as to the total of the same amounts shownwithdrawal or usage. The Company’s restricted cash primarily relates to an amount in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

escrow related to a manufacturing contract with a supplier.

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

114,229

 

 

$

23,639

 

Restricted cash

 

 

388

 

 

 

388

 

Total cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash

 

$

114,617

 

 

$

24,027

 

Restricted cash as of December 31, 2020Investments in Debt and 2019 consisted of a cash secured letter of creditEquity Securities

Investments in the amount of $338,000 representing collateral for the Company’s facility lease. Restricted cash additionally included as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, a compensating balance of $50,000 to secure the Company’s corporate purchasing cards.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investmentsdebt securities have been classified as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in available-for-sale debt securities at the time of purchase. Available-for-saleThe Company considers all marketable securities available-for-sale, including those with original maturities less thanmaturity dates beyond 12 months, atand therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the dateconsolidated balance sheets, as applicable, as they are available to support current operational liquidity needs.

F-8

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and are reported as a component of comprehensive loss.income (loss). The Company periodically evaluates whether declines in fair values of its marketable securities below their book value are other-than-temporary. This evaluation consists of several qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss as well as the Company’s ability and intent to hold the marketable security until a forecasted recovery occurs. Additionally, the Company assesses whether it has plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell any marketable securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than temporary, if any, on marketable securities are included in other income net.(expenses), net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The cost of investments sold is based on the specific-identification method. Interest on marketable securities is included in interest income.

The Company has strategic investments in certain privately held companies, with no readily determinable fair value. The Company elected the measurement alternative under which it measures these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investments. The Company will monitor the information that becomes available from time to time and adjust the carrying values of these investments if there are identified events or changes in circumstances that have a significant adverse effect on the fair values or if there are observable changes in fair value. Impairment loss, which is generally the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the investment, is recorded in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, total other investments of $1.5 million and $8.3 million, respectively, were included in deposits and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. As a result of the LimFlow acquisition, the Company recognized a gain on the pre-existing investment in LimFlow of $3.5 million. which was recorded in other income (expense) in consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). See Note 3. Business Combination for additional information. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $0.6 million in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) related to a strategic investment. There were no impairment losses recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Accounts Receivable, net

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. Anycredit losses. The Company evaluates the expected credit losses of accounts receivable, considering historical credit losses, current customer-specific information and other relevant factors when determining the allowance. An increase to the allowance for doubtful accounts, which is includedcredit losses results in a corresponding increase in selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) expenses, is developed based upon several factors including the customers’ credit quality, historical write-off experience and any known specific issues or disputes which exist as of the balance sheet date. Account receivable balances are written. The Company charges off uncollectible receivables against the allowance after appropriate collection efforts are exhausted.when all attempts to collect the receivable have failed. The allowance for doubtful accountscredit losses was $62,000$1.3 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019, and no accounts receivable write offs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Despite the Company’s efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, customers could be adversely affected if future economic and industry trends, including those related to COVID-19, change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. The full effects of COVID-19 on the Company’s customers are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. As a result, the Company’s future collection experience can differ significantly from historical collection trends. If the Company’s clients experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

2022, respectively.

Inventories, net

The Company values inventory at the lower of the actual cost to purchase or manufacture the inventory or net realizable value for such inventory. Cost, which includes material, labor and overhead costs, is determined on the first-in, first out method, or FIFO. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities in process and on hand, and when appropriate, records a provision for obsolete and excess inventory. The Company writes down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value and inventory in excess of expected requirements based on future demand and as compared to remaining shelf life. The estimate of excess quantities is subjective and primarily dependent on the Company’s estimates of future demand for

F-9


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

a particular product. If the estimate of future demand is inaccurate based on actual sales, the Company may increase the write down for excess inventory for that component and record a charge to inventory impairment in cost of goods sold on the accompanying consolidated statementstatements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).


F-9

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Property and Equipment,

net

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of the assets are capitalized while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from threetwo to seventen years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the lease term, including renewal periods that are reasonably assured.

Upon sale or disposition of property and equipment, any gain or loss is included as operating expense in the accompanying statementconsolidated statements of operations.

Deferred Initial Public Offeringoperations and comprehensive income (loss).

Right-of-use Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception and determines the classification of the lease, as either operating or finance, at commencement.
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded based on the present value of future lease payments which factors in certain qualifying initial direct costs incurred as well as any lease incentives received. If an implicit rate is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes inputs from third-party lenders to determine the appropriate discount rate. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms may factor in options to extend or terminate the lease.
The Company adheres to the short-term lease recognition exemption for all classes of assets (i.e. facilities and equipment). As a result, leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, for certain equipment leases, the Company accounts for lease and non-lease components, such as services, as a single lease component as permitted.
Business Combination
Under the acquisition method of accounting, ASC 805, Business Combinations, the Company allocates the fair value of the total consideration transferred to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition. Determining these fair values require the Company to make estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to the intangible asset. The Company records the excess consideration over the aggregate fair value of tangible and intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed, as goodwill. Costs

Specific incremental that the Company incurs to complete the business combination, such as legal accounting and other advisory fees, and costs directly attributable toare expensed as they are incurred.

In an acquisition with contingent consideration which can be earned by the sellers upon the completion of certain future performance or other milestones, the acquisition-date fair value of contingent consideration liability is recorded as a proposed component of accrued liabilities and/or actual offeringother long-term liabilities. These estimates require significant management judgment, including evaluating the probability of securities may properly be deferred and charged againstachieving certain future milestones. Changes in the gross proceedsfair value of the offering. Ascontingent consideration subsequent to the acquisition date are recognized in SG&A in the consolidated statements of December 31, 2019, there were approximately $1,382,000operations and comprehensive income (loss).
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of offeringa reporting period that falls within the measurement period, the Company reports provisional amounts in its financial statements. During the measurement period, the Company adjusts the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. The Company records these adjustments to the provisional amounts with a corresponding offset to goodwill. Any adjustments identified after the measurement period are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
F-10

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Assets acquired, including intangible asset, and liabilities assumed are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Goodwill, which has an indefinite useful life, represents the excess of cost over fair value of the net assets acquired.
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, the acquired goodwill is not amortized; however, it is reviewed for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment. Goodwill is considered to be impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its respective fair value.
The Company performs its goodwill impairment analysis at the reporting unit level, which aligns with the Company’s reporting structure and availability of discrete financial information. During the goodwill impairment review, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of the Company’s reporting units are less than the carrying amounts, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, and the Company’s overall financial performance. If, after assessing the totality of these qualitative factors, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of the Company’s reporting units are less than the carrying amounts, then no additional assessment is deemed necessary. Otherwise, the Company proceeds to compare the estimated fair values of the reporting units with the carrying values, including goodwill. If the carrying amounts of the reporting units exceed the fair values, the Company records an impairment loss based on the difference. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment in a period and proceed to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test.
The Company’s identifiable intangible asset with a finite life is comprised of acquired developed technology. The cost of identifiable intangible asset with finite lives is generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the assets’ respective estimated useful life of 15 years.
The Company performs regular reviews to determine if any event has occurred that may indicate that the intangible asset with finite useful lives are potentially impaired. If indicators of impairment exist, an impairment test is performed to assess the recoverability of the affected assets by determining whether the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the affected assets are not recoverable, the Company estimates the fair value of the assets and records an impairment loss if the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value. Factors that may indicate potential impairment include a significant decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization compared to the net book value, significant changes in the ability of a particular asset to generate positive cash flows for the Company’s strategic business objectives, and the pattern of utilization of a particular asset.
Capitalized Software
The Company capitalizes certain development costs related to internal-use software. Costs associated with preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are capitalized when the technological feasibility has been established and it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended. The Company capitalizes certain costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable that such expenditures will result in additional functionality of the software to its customers. In general, such costs primarily consisting of legal, accountinginclude payroll and printing fees, which were capitalized in other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. In May 2020, upon the closingpayroll-related costs for employees directly associated with development and enhancement of the IPO, total deferred costs of approximately $3,701,000 were offset against the Company’s IPO proceeds.

software.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the future net undiscounted cash flows which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset. The Company has not identified any such impairment losses to date.

F-11

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s cash cash equivalents, and restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to their liquidity or short maturities. Management believes that its long-term debt bears interest at the prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics; accordingly, the carrying value of this instrument approximates its fair value as of December 31, 2019.

The Company measures and records certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. U.S. GAAP provides a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (i) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (ii) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels.

Level 1—QuotedAdjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities.

F-10


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

See Note 34. Fair Value Measurements for further information.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability

Revenue Recognition
The Company accounted for its freestanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s convertible preferred stock as liabilities at fair value upon issuance primarily because the preferred shares underlying the warrants contained contingent redemption features outside the control of the Company. The warrants were subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date and any changerecognizes revenue in fair value was recognized as the change in fair value of warrant liability and recorded to other expense in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). The carrying value of the warrants continued to be adjusted until the completion of the IPO, which occurred in May 2020. At that time, the preferred stock warrant liability was adjusted to fair value and reclassified to additional paid-in capital, a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) (see Note 3).

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts which were not completed as of that date.  Revenue for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.

Customers. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entityCompany expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Product sales of the FlowTriever and ClotTriever systems are made

The Company sells its products primarily to hospitals in the United States utilizing the Company’sthrough its direct sales force. The Company recognizes revenue for arrangements where the Company has satisfied its performance obligation of shipping or delivering the product. For sales where the Company’s sales representatives hand-deliver products directly to the hospitals, control of the products transfers to the customers upon such hand delivery. For sales where products are shipped, control of the products transfers either upon shipment or delivery of the products to the customer, depending on the shipping terms and conditions. Revenue from product sales is comprised of product revenue, net of product returns, administrationdiscounts, administrative fees and sales rebates.

The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control as a fulfillment activity, and not a separate performance obligation.

Performance Obligation—The Company has revenue arrangements that consist of a single performance obligation, the shipping or delivery of the Company’s products. The satisfaction of this performance obligation occurs with the transfer of control of the Company’s product to its customers, either upon shipment or delivery of the product.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods. The amount of revenue that is recognized is based on the transaction price, which represents the invoiced amount, and includes estimatesnet of variable consideration such as rebate anddiscounts, administrative fees and sales rebates, where applicable. The Company provides a standard 30-day unconditional right of return period. The Company establishes estimated provisions for returns at the time of sale based on historical experience. Historically, the actual product returns have been immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met,

F-12

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
For both the Company recognizes revenue for arrangements where the Company has satisfied its performance obligation of shipping or delivering the product. For sales where the Company’s sales representatives hand deliver products directly to the hospital, control of the products transfers to the customer upon such hand delivery. For sales where products are shipped, control of the products transfers either upon shipment or delivery of the products to the customer, depending on the shipping terms and conditions. As ofyears ended December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the Company recorded $498,000 and $330,000, respectively,$1.2 million of unbilled receivables, which are included in accounts receivable, net, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

F-11


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

The Company disaggregates revenue between Venous Thromboembolism (“VTE”) and Emerging Therapies. Revenue for ClotTrieverfrom VTE and FlowTrieverEmerging Therapies is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
VTE$476,275 $381,431 $276,984 
Emerging Therapies17,357 2,040 — 
Total Revenue$493,632 $383,471 $276,984 
Revenue from the Company's products by geographic area, based on the location where title transfers, is as a percentage of total revenue was derived as follow:

follows (in thousands):

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

ClotTriever

 

 

37

%

 

 

38

%

 

 

41

%

FlowTriever

 

 

63

%

 

 

62

%

 

 

59

%

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
United States$469,864 $374,040 $274,402 
International23,768 9,431 2,582 
Total revenue$493,632 $383,471 $276,984 

The Company offers payment terms to its customers of less than three months and these terms do not include a significant financing component. The Company excludes taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue-producing transactions from the measurement of the transaction price.

The Company offers its standard warranty to all customers. The Company does not sell any warranties on a standalone basis. The Company’s warranty provides that its products are free of material defects and conform to specifications, and includes an offer to repair, replace or refund the purchase price of defective products. This assurance does not constitute a service and is not considered a separate performance obligation. The Company estimates warranty liabilities at the time of revenue recognition and records it as a charge to cost of goods sold.

Costs associated with product sales include commissions and are recorded in SG&A expenses. The Company applies the practical expedient and recognizes commissions as an expense when incurred because the amortization period is less than one year.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of raw materials, components, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment and operations supervision and management, including stock-based compensation. Cost of goods sold also includes depreciation expense for production equipment, inventory impairment charges, and certain direct costs such as shipping costs and royalty expense.

Shipping Costs

Shipping costs billed to customers are not included in revenue and are reported as a reduction of costs of goods sold.

handling costs.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. Advertising costs were $333,000, $90,000$1.2 million, $1.0 million and $99,000$0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively. Advertising costs are included in SG&A expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

operations and comprehensive income (loss).

F-13

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include the costs to design, develop, test, deploy and enhance new and existing products. Research and development costs also include expenses associated with the purchase of intellectual property relating to a particular research and development project that has no alternative future use, clinical studies, registries and sponsored research. These costs include direct salary and employee benefit related costs for research and development personnel, costs for materials used and costs for outside services.

Patent-related Expenditures

Expenditures related to patent research and applications, which are primarily legal fees, are expensed as incurred and are included in SG&A expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

F-12


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Stock-based Compensation

The Company’s employeeCompany's stock based compensation arises from restricted stock units (“RSU”), stock options and non-employee share-based awards result in a cost that is measured atthe Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”).
The fair value of RSUs are determined by the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the awards’ grant date and the expense is recognized based on the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. The fair value of the stock options and stock purchased under the ESPP is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires valuation assumptions of expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend yield. For the purposes of utilizing the Black-Scholes valuation model for the stock options, the Company uses the simplified method for determining the expected term of the granted options. The simplified method is used since the Company does not have adequate historical data to utilize in calculating the expected term of options.
Stock-based compensation is recognized over the service period.

The Company estimates and adjusts forfeiture rates based on a periodic review of recent forfeiture activity. Adjustments in the estimated forfeiture rates could cause changes in the amount of expense that is recognized in future periods.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Management assesses the likelihood that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Due to the Company’s historical operating performance and the recorded cumulative net losses in prior fiscal periods,As of December 31, 2023, the net deferred tax assets have been partially offset by a valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2022, the net deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance.

The Company recognizes uncertain income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of provision for income taxes.

Foreign Currency Transactions

TheTranslation

When the functional currencies of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company translatesdollar, the assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. CostsIncome and expensesexpense items of the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange raterates prevailing during the period. Gains or losses from these translation adjustments are
F-14

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until there is a sale, or complete or substantially complete liquidation of the Company’s investment in the foreign subsidiarysubsidiaries, at which time the gains or losses will be realized and included in consolidated net income (loss). As of December 31, 2020, unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) were not significant. Certain vendors are paid in currencies other than the US dollar. Transaction gains and losses are included in other expensesincome (expense) and have not been significant for the periodsyears presented.

For the Company's intercompany accounts that are denominated in the functional currency of a foreign subsidiary, gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of such intercompany transactions that the Company considers to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Additionally, gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of such intercompany transactions from those foreign subsidiaries for which the Company anticipates settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and changes in unrealized gain and losses on available-for-sale investmentsdebt securities and gains or losses from foreign currency translation adjustments.

Net Income (Loss) per Share of Common Stock

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potential dilutive common shares. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the treasury stock method by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation, redeemable convertible preferred stock and warrants, andshares from common stock options, RSUs and ESPP are potentially dilutive securities. For the yearsperiods the Company is in a net loss position, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential dilutive common shares would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company allocates no loss to participating securities because they have no contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company. The shares of the Company’s convertible preferred stock participate in any dividends declared by the Company and are therefore considered to be participating securities.

F-13


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined it operates in one segment - the development and commercialization of innovative and minimally invasive mechanical thrombectomy devices to treat thromboembolism in the venous system. Geographically, the Company sells to hospitals in the United States.segment. Segment information is consistent with how management reviews the business, makes investing and resource allocation decisions and assesses operating performance.

Recently Issued Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018,November 2023, the FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting, Topic 280, which expands guidance on accounting for share-based payment awards, which includes share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees and aligns the accounting for share-based payments for employees and non-employees. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-02, Leases, as amended, which requires lessees to recognize “right of use” assets and liabilitiesenhanced disclosures primarily around segment expenses for all leasespublic entities, including public entities with terms of more than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affectinga single reportable segment. On an annual and interim basis, entities are required to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.CODM. The ASU 2017-02 requires additional quantitative and qualitative financial statement note disclosures about the leases, significant judgments made in accounting for those leases and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements about those leases. The amended guidance will beis effective for the Company on January 1, 2022fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. ManagementThe Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this guidance will have on the financial statements, but anticipates an increase in assets and liabilities due to the recognition of the required right-of-use asset and corresponding liability for all significant lease obligations that are currently classified as operating leases. The income statement recognition of lease expense is not expected to materially change from the current methodology.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model, which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. The guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2023 with early adoption permitted. Management is evaluating the impact that adopting this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending existing guidance related to the recognition of franchise tax, the evaluation of a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill and the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the effective tax rate computation, among other clarifications. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption will have a material impactnew standard on its consolidated financial statements.

F-14

and related disclosures.
F-15

Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax, Topic 740, which requires public companies to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation, disaggregate information related to income taxes paid, income or loss from operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense or benefit from operations. The ASU is effective for annual fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Amendments are applicable on a prospective basis with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information includes the following:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes$5,512 $3,417 $472 
Cash paid for interest$150 $151 $151 
Noncash investing and financing:
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining new right-of-use assets$1,030 $3,947 $28,648 
Fair value of contingent consideration$65,931 $— $— 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents$38,597 $60,222 $92,752 
Restricted cash611 — — 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shows in the statement of cash flows$39,208 $60,222 $92,752 
3. Fair Value Measurements

BUSINESS COMBINATION

Acquisition of LimFlow S.A.
On November 15, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of LimFlow, a medical device company focused on limb salvage for patients with CLTI. The acquisition is expected to accelerate access and adoption of LimFlow’s products into U.S. and other regions providing care to patients worldwide suffering from the most severe form of peripheral artery disease – CLTI and who are facing the prospect of amputation. As a result of the acquisition, LimFlow’s stockholders received as consideration (i) cash, and (ii) contingent consideration related to certain commercial and reimbursement milestones. The results of operations of LimFlow have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition.
Purchase Price
The total purchase price consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of November 15, 2023
Cash$242,001 
Fair value of contingent consideration65,931 
Fair value of previously held investment10,235 
Total purchase price$318,167 
F-16

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Contingent Consideration
The LimFlow stockholders can achieve up to $165.0 million of additional contingent consideration if certain commercial and reimbursement milestones are achieved, as outlined under the Contingent Payments of the share purchase agreement with LimFlow. Such payments include (i) up to $140.0 million based on net revenue generated from the sale of the LimFlow System for the year 2024 through 2026 and (ii) up to $25.0 million based on the achievement of certain reimbursement milestones related to the LimFlow System.
The acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was measured using a Monte Carlo simulation which represents Level 3 measurements because they are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the Company’s assumptions in measuring fair value. Estimates and assumptions used in the fair value assessment included forecasted revenues for LimFlow, revenue risk premium, revenue volatility, operational leverage ratio, counterparty credit spread, and weighted average cost of capital. The Company has determined that the range of the potential payments on such contingencies is $65.9 million to $165.0 million.
The fair value of the contingent consideration as of the acquisition was $65.9 million recorded within other long-term liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not record any changes in fair value of contingent consideration as none of the underlying assumptions significantly changed.
Previously Held Investment
Prior to the acquisition, the Company held an investment in LimFlow, which represented approximately 3.7% of LimFlow's outstanding equity, and was recorded at cost minus impairment. Authoritative guidance on accounting for business combinations requires that an acquirer remeasure its previously held equity investment in the acquiree at its acquisition-date fair value and recognize the resulting gain or loss in earnings. In connection with acquiring the remaining 96.3% equity interest of LimFlow, the Company remeasured its previously held equity investment to its fair value, as of the date of acquisition, based on the fair value of total consideration transferred. Estimates and assumptions used in the remeasurement represent a Level 3 measurement because they are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the Company’s assumptions in measuring the fair value. As a result of the remeasurement, the Company valued its previously held equity investment in LimFlow at $10.2 million and recognized a gain of $3.5 million, included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Transaction costs
The transaction costs associated with the acquisition of LimFlow consisted primarily of legal and financial advisory fees of approximately $8.7 million in addition to $1.7 million of severance and integration related costs, which were expensed as incurred as SG&A expense during the year ended December 31, 2023.

F-17

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed
The preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were (in thousands):
As of November 15, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents$1,582 
Accounts receivable919 
Inventories2,635 
Property and equipment266 
Goodwill207,800 
Intangible asset146,000 
Other current and noncurrent assets2,155 
Accounts payable(2,509)
Deferred tax liability(36,500)
Other current and noncurrent liabilities(4,181)
Total net assets acquired$318,167 
The Company is still finalizing the allocation of the purchase price, therefore, the fair value estimates assigned to intangible asset, goodwill and the related tax impacts of the acquisition, among other items, are subject to change as additional information is received to complete the analysis including final adjustments to net working capital. The Company expects to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year after the acquisition date.
The preliminary fair value assigned to the intangible asset acquired was as following (in thousands, except for estimated useful life which are in years):
Fair valueUseful life
Developed technology$146,000 15 years
The preliminary fair value assigned to identifiable intangible asset, the developed technology, acquired as part of the LimFlow acquisition, was estimated using the multi-period excess earnings method. Under this method, an intangible asset’s fair value is equal to the present value of future economic benefits to be derived from ownership of the asset. The estimated fair value was developed by discounting future net cash flows to their present value at market-based rates of return. Such assumptions included forecasted revenues, cost of sales and operating expenses, technology obsolescence, and weighted average cost of capital. The useful life of the developed technology for amortization purposes was determined by considering the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair values of the intangible asset adjusted as appropriate for entity-specific factors including competitive, economic and other factors that may limit the useful life. The developed technology asset will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
Unaudited pro forma financial information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and LimFlow as if the companies had been combined as of the beginning of the fiscal year 2022 (in thousands):
F-18

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Revenue$495,247 $383,737 
Net Loss$(40,458)$(59,372)

The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of the fiscal year 2022. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information is not a projection of future results of operations of the combined company nor does it reflect the expected realization of any synergies or cost savings associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments to reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions, incremental amortization of the identifiable intangible assets and elimination of the remeasurement the Company’s previously held investment in LimFlow.
4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Investments in debt securities have been classified as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. As of December 31, 2023, all of the Company's investments in debt securities had maturities of less than 12 months and were classified as short-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 20202023 and 20192022 (in thousands):

 

 

December 31, 2020

 

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

Total

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Money market mutual funds

 

$

1,034

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,034

 

U.S. Treasury securities

 

 

58,988

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

58,988

 

U.S. Government agencies

 

 

 

 

 

24,989

 

 

 

 

 

 

24,989

 

Total assets

 

$

60,022

 

 

$

24,989

 

 

$

 

 

$

85,011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

Total

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Convertible preferred stock warrant liability

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,169

 

 

$

1,169

 

Total liabilities

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,169

 

 

$

1,169

 

December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Aggregate Fair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market mutual funds$2,753 $— $— $2,753 
Total included in cash and cash equivalents2,753 — — 2,753 
Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities41,685 — — 41,685 
U.S. Government agencies— 26,238 — 26,238 
Corporate debt securities and commercial paper— 8,932 — 8,932 
Total included in short-term investments41,685 35,170 — 76,855 
Total financial assets$44,438 $35,170 $— $79,608 
Financial Liability
Contingent consideration$— $— $65,931 $65,931 
Total financial liabilities$— $— $65,931 $65,931 

F-19

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Aggregate Fair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market mutual funds$20,329 $— $— $20,329 
Total included in cash and cash equivalents20,329 — — 20,329 
Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities172,088 — — 172,088 
U.S. Government agencies— 47,131 — 47,131 
Corporate debt securities and commercial paper— 46,960 — 46,960 
Total included in short-term investments172,088 94,091 — 266,179 
Total financial assets$192,417 $94,091 $— $286,508 
There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for the periods presented.

The change in the fair value of the warrant liability is summarized below (in thousands):

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Beginning balance

 

$

1,169

 

 

$

212

 

 

$

127

 

Change in fair value of warrant liability

 

 

3,317

 

 

 

957

 

 

 

85

 

Conversion of preferred stock warrants to

   common stock warrants upon the closing

   of the IPO

 

 

(4,486

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending balance

 

$

 

 

$

1,169

 

 

$

212

 

The valuation of the Company’s convertible preferred stock warrant liability contains unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions for which there was little, if any, market activity for at the measurement date. Accordingly, the Company’s convertible preferred stock warrant liability was measured at fair value in a recurring basis using unobservable inputs and are classified as Level 3 inputs, and any change in fair value was recognized as other expense in the statements of operations (see Note 11). 

4. Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

5. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS
The following is a summary of the Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments in debt securities as of December 31, 20202023 and 2022 (in thousands):

 

 

December 31, 2020

 

 

 

Amortized Cost Basis

 

 

Unrealized Gains

 

 

Unrealized Losses

 

 

Fair Value

 

Money market mutual funds

 

$

1,034

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,034

 

U.S. Treasury and government agencies securities

 

 

83,973

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

83,977

 

Total

 

$

85,007

 

 

$

4

 

 

$

 

 

$

85,011

 

Reported as:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash equivalents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

35,030

 

Short-term investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

49,981

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

85,011

 

December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost BasisUnrealized GainUnrealized LossFair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market mutual funds$2,753 $— $— $2,753 
Total included in cash and cash equivalents2,753 — — 2,753 
Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities41,672 13 — 41,685 
U.S. Government agencies26,248 — (10)26,238 
Corporate debt securities and commercial paper8,935 — (3)8,932 
Total included in short-term investments76,855 13 (13)76,855 
Total financial assets$79,608 $13 $(13)$79,608 

F-15

F-20

Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost BasisUnrealized Gain
Unrealized Loss
Fair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market mutual funds$20,329 $— $— $20,329 
Total included in cash and cash equivalents20,329 — — 20,329 
Investments:
U.S. Treasury securities171,006 1,120 (38)172,088 
U.S. Government agencies46,777 354 — 47,131 
Corporate debt securities and commercial paper46,576 397 (13)46,960 
Total included in short-term investments264,359 1,871 (51)266,179 
Total financial assets$284,688 $1,871 $(51)$286,508 
The Company regularly reviews any changes to the rating of its debt securities and reasonably monitors the surrounding economic conditions to assess the risk of expected credit losses. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the remaining contractual maturities for available-for-sale securities were less than one year. The Company didrisk of expected credit losses was not have any short-term investments as of December 31, 2019.

5. significant.

6. INVENTORIES, NET
Inventories, net

Inventories are net of reserves, totaling $264,000 and $537,000 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and consist of the following (in thousands):

 

December 31,

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

December 31,
2023
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022

Raw materials

 

$

2,607

 

 

$

1,067

 

Work in process

 

 

787

 

 

 

640

 

Work-in-process

Finished goods

 

 

7,203

 

 

 

2,246

 

 

$

10,597

 

 

$

3,953

 

Total inventories, net

6. Property and Equipment. net

7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

 

December 31,

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

December 31,
2023
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022

Manufacturing equipment

 

$

4,003

 

 

$

2,190

 

Computer hardware

Leasehold improvements

 

 

1,737

 

 

 

932

 

Furniture and fixtures
Assets in progress

Computer software

 

 

128

 

 

 

296

 

Furniture and fixtures

 

 

363

 

 

 

259

 

Computer hardware

 

 

980

 

 

 

527

 

Assets in progress

 

 

2,320

 

 

 

406

 

 

 

9,531

 

 

 

4,610

 

Total property and equipment, gross

Accumulated depreciation

 

 

(2,033

)

 

 

(1,279

)

 

$

7,498

 

 

$

3,331

 

Total property and equipment, net

Depreciation expense of $1,039,000, $511,000$4.5 million, $3.8 million and $208,000$2.4 million was included in SG&Aoperating expenses and $346,000, $103,000$1.1 million, $0.9 million and $75,000$0.7 million was included in cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018,2021, respectively.
F-21

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The Companychanges in carrying amount of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
2023
Balance as of January 1, 2023$— 
Goodwill acquired - LimFlow207,800 
Foreign currency translation adjustments6,535 
Balance as of December 31, 2023$214,335 

Goodwill is primarily attributable to enhanced growth opportunities, and plans to leverage the Company's core competencies bringing LimFlow's treatment of CLTI to market in the U.S. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
Intangible Assets
The intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationIntangible Assets, Net
Developed technology$150,649 $(1,256)$149,393 
Capitalized software(a)
1,491 — 1,491 
Total intangible assets, net$152,140 $(1,256)$150,884 
_____________
(a) The useful life of the capitalized software will be determined once the asset is put into service. No amortization expense has been recorded aggregate losses on retirementrelated to the capitalized software during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, $1.3 million of amortization expense was recorded within the SG&A expenses within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) related to the developed technology asset. There were no intangible assets and no longer in service of $237,000 and $119,000amortization was recorded for the years ended December 31, 20202022 and 2019, respectively. $135,000 and $92,0002021. The developed technology asset has a weighted-average amortization period of these losses were included in cost15 years.
The estimated future annual amortization of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with the remaining $102,000 and $27,000 included in SG&A expenses. A loss on retirement ofintangible assets no longer in service is the following (in thousands):
Year ending December 31:Amount
2024$10,043 
202510,043 
202610,043 
202710,043 
202810,043 
Thereafter99,178 
Total$149,393 
F-22

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases
The Company has several software systems thatoperating leases for facilities and certain equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are cloud based hosting arrangements with service contracts. The Company early and prospectively adopted ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract in the classification of costs incurred in connection with the implementation of these various software systems. Basednot recorded on the guidance, the Company expenses all costs (internal and external) that are incurred in the planning and post-implementation operation stages and has capitalized approximately $344,000 in implementation costs related to the application development stage. The capitalized costs are amortizedconsolidated balance sheet. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable contract terms, generally threelease term. For lease agreements, other than long-term real estate leases, the Company combines lease and non-lease components (see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). The variable lease payments primarily relate to common area maintenance, property taxes, and insurance. The operating leases for facilities expire at various dates through July 2041 and some contain renewal options, the longest of which is for five years. AsThe ROU asset and lease liability includes renewal options if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise such renewal options.
The interest rate implicit in lease agreements is typically not readily determinable, and as such the Company used the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of December 31, 2020future payments. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the interest rate the Company would incur to borrow on a collateralized basis, considering factors such as length of lease term. The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and 2019, approximately $228,000 and $46,000, respectively,discount rate:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Weighted average remaining term17.8 years17.1 years19.2 years
Weighted average discount rate6.1 %6.1 %6.0 %
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the capitalizedoperating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities$3,445 $2,700 $14,600 
Total lease costs were classified in current assets and $0 and $87,000, respectively, were classified in noncurrent assets. The Company starts amortizing capitalized implementation costs when the systems are placed in production and ready for their intended use. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $100,000, $16,000 and $0, respectively, and is included in SG&A expenses.

F-16

as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Operating lease cost$4,914 $4,276 $1,568 
Short-term lease cost119 240 200 
Variable lease cost723 622 473 
Total lease costs$5,756 $5,138 $2,241 
F-23

Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

In March 2019, the Company executed a five-year

Future minimum lease for a facility in Irvine, California, where all operationspayments under operating leases liabilities as of the Company were moved when the Company obtained control of the facility in September 2019. The lease expires in September 2024 and contains two optional extension periods of five years each.  In addition to the minimum future lease commitments presented below, the lease requires the Company to pay property taxes, insurance, maintenance, and repair costs. The lease includes a one-month rent holiday concession and escalation clauses for increased rent over the lease term. Rent expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31:Amount
2024$3,560 
20253,046 
20262,925 
20272,991 
20282,884 
Thereafter36,002 
Total lease payments51,408 
Less imputed interest(19,361)
Total lease liabilities32,047 
Less: lease liabilities - current portion(1,692)
Lease liabilities - noncurrent portion$30,355 
The Company records deferred rent calculated as the difference between rent expense and the cash rental payments.

In October 2020, the Company entered intosigned a ten-year lease for a facilityreal estate in Irvine, California (the “Oak Canyon” lease). The Oak CanyonOctober 2023, with total undiscounted contractual payments of the lease isof $7.2 million, which are expected to commence in the second quarter of 2021, at which time the Company will move all of its operations to this new facility. The Oak Canyon lease contains two optional extension periods of five years each. In connection with the Oak Canyon lease, the Company maintains a letter of credit for the benefit of the landlord in the amount of $1.5 million, which is secured by the Company’s Credit Agreement. The Company has not taken control of the Oak Canyon lease facility as of December 31, 2020.

Concurrently with the signing of the Oak Canyon lease, the Company entered into a termination agreement, as amended, that will release the Company from its current facility lease obligation within up to 15 months of the Oak Canyon lease commencement date.

Rent expense under the lease agreements was $790,000, $332,000 and $203,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company also leases certain equipment under operating leases expiring inOctober 2024.Future minimum commitments under all lease agreements are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31:

 

Amount

 

2021

 

$

1,506

 

2022

 

 

2,472

 

2023

 

 

2,164

 

2024

 

 

2,235

 

2025

 

 

2,301

 

Thereafter

 

 

13,672

 

 

 

$

24,350

 

Indemnification

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and may provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not been subject to any claims or required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations.

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions limiting the liability of directors, and its amended and restated bylaws provide that the Company will indemnify each of its directors to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law. The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws also provide its board of directors with discretion to indemnify its officers and employees when determined appropriate by the board. In addition, the Company has entered and expects to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify its directors and executive officers.

F-17

Legal Proceedings
In December 2023, the Company received a civil investigative demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, in connection with an investigation under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and Civil False Claims Act (the “Investigation”). The CID requests information and documents primarily relating to meals and consulting service payments provided to health care professionals (“HCPs”). The Company is cooperating with the Investigation. The Company is unable to express a view at this time regarding the likely duration, or ultimate outcome, of the Investigation or estimate the possibility of, or amount or range of, any possible financial impact. Depending on the outcome of the Investigation, there may be a material impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, or financial condition. For more information, please refer to “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
F-24

Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

Legal Proceedings

From time to time,

Licensed Technology
In December 2021, the Company may become involvedentered into an exclusive, perpetual, royalty free, technology license agreement (the “Licensed Technology”) for use in legal proceedings arising outa particular research and development project that requires total payments of the ordinary course of its business. Management is currently not aware of any matters that will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

8. Concentrations

All the Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of catheter-based therapeutic devicesapproximately $4.2 million payable in the United States. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019three installments due in 2022 and 2018, there were no customers which2023. The Company accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue. There were no customers which accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivablelicense as a research and development expense as it was determined not to have an alternative future use. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

No vendor accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s purchases for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. There were2023, there was no vendors which accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts payableoutstanding balance as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

9. Related Party

Licensed Patents

Certain stockholders of the Company are stockholders of Inceptus Medical, Inc. (“Inceptus”). Beginning in September 2011, the Company engaged Inceptus to develop the technology that has led to certain components used in the Company’s products, the FlowTriever and the ClotTriever systems. In October 2014, the Company, through a license agreement with Inceptus, obtained an exclusive, perpetual, fully paid-up irrevocable, worldwide license to the patents, patent applications and technology, including the right to grant and authorize sublicenses, to make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise exploit products in connection with the licensed technology. The licensed technology is any and all technology involving a high wire count braid, excluding the tubular braiding subject to the sublicense agreement described below.

Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets was a non-interest-bearing retainer paid by the Company to Inceptus. The retainer was applied to amounts owed by the Company to Inceptus at a time mutually agreed to by both parties. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred development expenses with Inceptus of $28,000 and $16,000, respectively, which were applied against the balance of the retainer and included in research and development expense. In December 2019, Inceptus repaid in full to the Company the outstanding balance of the retainer.  Forsatisfied its last installment payment during the year ended December 31, 2020,2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company incurred and paid development expenses with Inceptus of $21,000,outstanding balance was approximately $1.3 million which werewas included in researchaccrued expenses and development expense.

other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Sublicense Agreement

In August 2019, the Company entered into a sublicense agreement with Inceptus Medical, LLC (“Inceptus”), pursuant to which Inceptus granted to the Company a non-transferable, worldwide, exclusive sublicense to its licensed intellectual property rights related to the tubular braiding for the non-surgical removal of clots and treatment of embolism and thrombosis in human vasculature other than carotid arteries, coronary vasculature and cerebral vasculature; such rights were originally granted to Inceptus pursuant to an intellectual property license agreement with Drexel University, or Drexel License, under which Drexel retained certain rights to use, and to permit other non-commercial entities to use, the sublicensed intellectual property for educational and non-commercial research purposes. The Company is obligated to comply with, and to avoid acts or omissions that would reasonably be likely to cause a breach of the Drexel License. The sublicense agreement will continue until the expiration of the sublicensed patent, unless terminated earlier pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The Company may terminatevasculature.
Under the sublicense agreement, at any time by providing prior written notice.

In connection with the sublicense agreement, during the year ended 2019 the Company paid Inceptus $139,000 for the reimbursement of expenses and milestone and administration fees. The Company was originallyis required to pay an ongoing quarterly administration fee, of $18,000, which increasedamounted to $29,000 per quarter upon$87,750, $116,000, and $116,000 for the

F-18


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

completion of the Company’s IPO. During the year years ended December 31, 2020, the Company paid Inceptus $95,000 in administration fees.

2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, the Company is obligated to pay Inceptus an ongoing royalty ranging from 1% to 1.5% of the net sales of products utilizing the licensed intellectual property, subject to a minimum royalty quarterly fee of $1,000.$1,500. In June 2023, the sublicense agreement was terminated and the Company is no longer required to pay any ongoing administration and royalty fees beginning in July 2023.

The Company recorded royalty expense to cost of goods sold of $5,000, $215,000, and $769,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Self-Insured Health Plan
As of January 1, 2023, the Company implemented a self-insurance program to cover employees and their dependent health benefits, including medical, dental, and vision. As part of the program, the Company also has stop-loss coverage from a third party which limits exposure to large claims. The Company records a liability associated with these benefits that includes an estimate of both claims filed and losses incurred but not yet reported based on historical claims experience. In estimating this accrual, the Company utilizes an independent third-party broker to estimate a range of expected losses, which are based on analyses of historical data. The assumptions are closely monitored and adjusted when necessary by changing circumstances. If the liability generated from incurred claims exceeds the expense recorded, the Company may record an additional expense. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's self-insurance liability, inclusive of administrative fees, was $1.4 million, which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
10. CONCENTRATIONS
The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from the sale of catheter-based therapeutic devices. For the years ended December 31, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, there were no customers which accounted for more than 10% of the Company recorded royalty expenseCompany’s revenue. There were no customers which accounted for more than 10% of $488,000the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and $103,000, respectively. Royalty expense is included in cost2022.
No vendor accounted for more than 10% of goods sold.

Other Services

the Company’s purchases for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. There were no vendors which accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

F-25

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
11. RELATED PARTY
The Company utilizes MRI The Hoffman Group (“MRI”), a recruiting services company owned by the brother of the former Chief Executive Officer and President and current member of the board of directors of the Company. The Company paid for recruiting services provided by MRI amounting to $427,000, $380,000$165,000, $320,000, and $90,000$369,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022, and 2018, respectively. No amounts were due to MRI as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

10. Debt

The Company had the following outstanding debt, net of deferred financing costs and discounts, as of December 31,2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

Revolving line of credit

 

$

 

 

$

5,000

 

Term loan

 

 

 

 

 

15,000

 

Final payment fee

 

 

 

 

 

150

 

Total notes payables

 

 

 

 

 

20,150

 

Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs

 

 

 

 

 

(669

)

Notes payable, net

 

$

 

 

$

19,481

 

Signature Bank Credit Facility

In December 2019, the Company entered into a $40 million credit facility with Signature Bank (the “SB Credit Facility”) and concurrently repaid and extinguished its term loan with East West Bank. The SB Credit Facility consisted of a term loan of up to $25 million and a revolving line of credit of $15 million. The term loan was available in two tranches: a $15 million tranche that was fully funded on the closing date, and a $10 million tranche available through December 2020 subject to the Company’s achievement of at least $60 million of trailing 12-month revenue no later than August 2020. The Company used part of the proceeds from the first tranche to fully repay the $10 million term loan with East West Bank. In March 2020, the Company borrowed an additional $10 million2021, respectively, which was available under the term loan.

The maturity date of the term loan wasincluded in December 2024. Under the agreement, the Company was required to make monthly interest payments through December 2021. The term loan bore interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of 5.50% or the Prime Rate plus 0.50%.

Under the revolving line of credit, the Company could borrow, repay and re-borrow up to 80% of eligible accounts receivable up to a maximum of $15 million. The revolving line of credit bore interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of 5.00% or the prime rate.

In August 2020, the Company repaid the SB Credit Facility in full, including the final payment fee of $250,000. Upon the repayment, the Company terminated the SB Credit Facility and recorded a lossSG&A expenses on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $648,000 resulting from the write off of the unamortized deferred financing cost related to the SB Credit Facility which is reflected as Other Expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended. As of December 31, 2020.

F-19


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes2023 and 2022, there was no balance payable to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

MRI.

12. CREDIT FACILITY
Bank of America Credit Facility

In September 2020,

On December 16, 2022, the Company entered into aamended its senior secured revolving credit facility with Bank of America (the “Credit“Previously Amended Credit Agreement”), under which the Company may borrow loans up to a maximum principal amount of $30.0$40.0 million and increases the optional accordion to $120.0 million. The amount available to borrowAmended Credit Agreement matures on December 16, 2027.
Advances under the Credit Agreement is comprised of a) 85% of eligible accounts receivable, plus b) pledged cash (up to $10 million). There was no principal amount outstanding and no cash was pledged under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2020.

Advances under thePreviously Amended Credit Agreement will bear interest at a base rate per annum (the “Base(“the Base Rate”) plus an applicable margin (the “Margin”(‘the Margin”). The Base Rate equals the greater of (i) the Prime Rate, (ii) the Federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (iii) the LIBOR rate, or successorBloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“the BSBY”) rate based upon an interest period of 30 daysone month plus 1.00%, in any case has a floor of 0%. The Margin will be 1.25% until March 31, 2021ranges, depending on average daily availability, from 0.50% to 1.00% in the case of Prime Rate and thereafter, will range from 1.00%the Federal funds rate loans, and 1.50% to 1.50% based on2.00% in the Company’s applicable fixed charge coverage ratio. Advances undercase of BSBY Rate loans. As a condition to entering into the Previously Amended Credit Agreement, designated as “LIBOR Loans” will bear interest atthe Company was obligated to pay a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR rate plus the applicable Marginnonrefundable fee of 2.25% until March 31, 2021 and thereafter, ranging from 2.00% to 2.50% based on the Company’s applicable fixed charge coverage ratio.  Interest on loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement is payable monthly. Loan principal balances outstanding under the Credit Agreement are due at maturity in September 2023. The Company may prepay any loans under the Credit Agreement at any time without any penalty or premium.$10,000. The Company is also required to pay an unused line fee at an annual rate ranging fromof 0.25% to 0.375% per annum of the average daily unused portion of the aggregate revolving credit commitments under the Previously Amended Credit Agreement.

The Previously Amended Credit Agreement also includes a Letter of Credit subline facility (the “LC Facility”)the LC Facility of up to $5$5.0 million. The aggregate stated amount outstanding of letter of credits reducesIn February 2023, the total borrowing base available underCompany amended the Credit Agreement.LC Facility to increase the limit to up to $10.0 million. The Company is required to pay the following fees under the LC Facility are as follows: (a) a fee equal to the applicable margin in effect for LIBORBSBY loans (currently 2.25%) times the average daily stated amount of outstanding letter of credits; (b) a fronting fee equal to 0.125% per annum on the stated amount of each letter of credit outstanding.  As of December 31, 2020,
On November 1, 2023, the Company had one letterfurther amended its credit facility (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) to, among other things, increase the amount available for borrowing to up to a maximum principal amount of $75.0 million. Additionally, advances under the amended credit agreement will bear interest at the Base Rate or the BSBY rate, plus the Margin. The Margin ranges from 0.60% to 1.10% in the amountcase of $1.5 million outstanding underthe Base Rate loans and 1.60% to 2.10% in the case of the BSBY rate loans depending on average daily availability, in each case with a floor of 0%. As a condition of entering into the amended credit agreement, the Company was obligated to pay a nonrefundable fee of $88,000. Lastly, the Company amended the LC Facility.

Facility to increase the limit up to $18.8 million. This amendment was accounted for as a debt modification in accordance ASC 470, Debt.

The Company paid Bank of America a closing fee of $150,000 and incurred approximately $280,000 in legal and other fees directly related to the Credit Agreement.  TheAmended Credit Agreement contains certain customary covenants subject to certain exceptions, including, among others, the following: a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant, and limitations of indebtedness, liens, investments, asset sales, mergers, consolidations, liquidations, dispositions, restricted payments, transactions with affiliates and prepayments of certain debt. The Amended Credit Agreement also contains certain events of default including:subject to certain customary grace periods, including, among others, payment defaults, breaches of any representation, warranty or covenants, judgment defaults, cross defaults to certain other contracts, certain events with respectbankruptcy and insolvency defaults, material judgment defaults and a change of control default.
F-26

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to governmental approvals if such events could cause a material adverse change, a material impairmentConsolidated Financial Statements — Continued
As of December 31, 2023, the amount available to borrow under the Amended Credit Agreement is approximately $56.1 million, and the Company had four letters of credit in the perfection or priorityaggregated amount of $2.4 million outstanding under the lender's security interest or inLC Facility and as a result, the valueCompany had $16.4 million of unused line of credit. The aggregate stated amount outstanding of letter of credits reduces the collateral, a material adverse change intotal borrowing base available under the business, operations, or conditionAmended Credit Agreement.
As of us or any of our subsidiaries,December 31, 2023, there was no principal amount outstanding, and a material impairment ofno cash was pledged under the prospect of repayment of the loans. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, a default increase in the interest rate of an additional 2.0% could be applied to the outstanding loan balanceAmended Credit Agreement, and the lender could declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the loan and security agreement. The Company was in compliance with its covenant requirements as of December 31, 2020.

requirement. Obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets,, excluding intellectual property.  

property.

Deferred Financing Costs

As of December 31, 2020, costs2023 and 2022, costs incurred directly related to debt are presented in other assets and are being amortized over the three-yearfive-year life of the Credit Agreement on the straight-line basis. Asbasis as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Deferred Financing Costs$1,454 $511 
Accumulated amortization(382)(334)
Unamortized deferred financing costs$1,072 $177 
13. STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Common Stock
In March 2022, the Company completed an underwritten public offering (“Follow-On Offering”) of 2,300,000 shares of its common stock, including 300,000 shares sold pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $81.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $174.4 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions of $11.2 million and offering costs of $0.7 million.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019,

F-20

2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on InvestmentsForeign Currency TranslationAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2020$$— $
Other comprehensive loss(27)(379)(406)
Balance, December 31, 2021(23)(379)(402)
Other comprehensive income (loss)1,843 (592)1,251 
Balance, December 31, 20221,820 (971)849 
Other comprehensive (loss) income(1,829)9,865 8,036 
Balance, December 31, 2023$(9)$8,894 $8,885 
F-27

Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

deferred financing costs were presented as a reduction of the related debt instrument and were amortized over the life of the related loan on an effective interest method as follows (in thousands):

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

Deferred financing costs

 

$

430

 

 

$

686

 

Accumulated amortization

 

 

(47

)

 

 

(17

)

Unamortized deferred financing costs

 

$

383

 

 

$

669

 

14. EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS

11. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

Redeemable convertible preferred stock (“convertible preferred stock”) consisted of the following as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands, except share data):

 

 

Shares

Authorized

 

 

Shares Issued

and

Outstanding

 

 

Net Carrying

Value

 

 

Liquidation

Value

 

Series A

 

 

6,299,019

 

 

 

6,221,977

 

 

$

8,777

 

 

$

8,885

 

Series B

 

 

11,270,319

 

 

 

11,090,726

 

 

 

18,474

 

 

 

18,530

 

Series C

 

 

14,655,889

 

 

 

14,655,867

 

 

 

26,919

 

 

 

27,000

 

Total

 

 

32,225,227

 

 

 

31,968,570

 

 

$

54,170

 

 

$

54,415

 

In connection with the IPO in May 2020, the 31,968,570 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into 31,968,570 shares of common stock, resulting in the reclassification of the related redeemable convertible preferred stock of $54.2 million to common stock and APIC. There are no redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company classified its Series A, Series B, and Series C convertible preferred stock outside of stockholders’ deficit as mezzanine equity because, in the event of certain “liquidation events” that were not solely within the control of the Company (including liquidation, sale or transfer of control of the Company), the shares would become redeemable at the option of the holders. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had not adjusted the carrying values of the convertible preferred stock to their deemed liquidation values of such shares since a liquidation event was not probable at the balance sheet date.

12. Stockholders’ Equity

Authorized Stock

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had authorized capital of 81,244,834 shares of stock, consisting of 49,019,607 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 32,225,227 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, 6,299,019 of which were designated Series A Preferred Stock, 11,270,319 of which were designated Series B Preferred Stock and 14,655,889 of which were designated Series C Preferred Stock.

Upon the closing of the IPO in May 2020, and as of December 31, 2020, the Company had authorized 310,000,000 shares of stock, of which 300,000,000 shares are designated as common stock and 10,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock. All stock has a par value of $0.001 per share.  There are no shares of preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020.

F-21


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

Warrants

The Company previously issued common stock warrants and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants.

There are no warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Warrants issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

 

 

Warrants Outstanding

 

 

Number of

warrants

 

 

Exercise

Price

 

 

Expiration

Common stock warrants

 

 

27,810

 

 

$

0.14

 

 

10/19/2025

Series A preferred stock warrants

 

 

77,030

 

 

$

1.43

 

 

12/10/2021

Series B preferred stock warrants

 

 

179,558

 

 

$

1.67

 

 

4/28/2026 - 3/30/2027

Total preferred stock warrants

 

 

256,588

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total outstanding warrants

 

 

284,398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Series A and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants (“Preferred Warrants”) allowed the holders to obtain shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock that contain a liquidation preference. Because this liquidation preference may have been payable in cash upon a change in control of the Company or upon exercise of redemption rights and because such a transaction was considered to be outside of the control of the Company, the Preferred Warrants were classified as liabilities on the accompanying balance sheets and were presented at their estimated fair values at each reporting date.  On the completion of the IPO, all the outstanding Preferred Warrants were converted into warrants to purchase an aggregate of 256,588 shares of common stock, which resulted in the reclassification of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital.

In June 2020, 27,810 common stock warrants were exercised for cash.  In addition, 77,030 warrants were net exercised and the Company issued 74,723 shares of common stock.

In November 2020, the remaining 179,558 warrants were net exercised and the Company issued 174,776 shares of common stock.

The fair value of the Preferred Warrants was determined using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 

 

May 21, 2020 (1)

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

 

 

Series A

 

 

Series B

 

 

Series A

 

 

Series B

 

Expected volatility

 

 

51.10

%

 

 

50.00

%

 

 

41.40

%

 

 

39.80

%

Preferred stock fair value (per share)

 

$

19.00

 

 

$

19.00

 

 

$

5.88

 

 

$

5.94

 

Dividend yield

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

Risk free interest rates

 

 

0.17

%

 

 

0.53

%

 

 

1.58

%

 

 

1.83

%

Expected remaining term in years

 

 

1.55

 

 

5.94-6.86

 

 

 

1.95

 

 

6.33-7.25

 

(1)

Date the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective

13. Equity Incentive Plans

2011 Equity Incentive Plan and 2020 Incentive Award Plan

In 2011, the Company adopted the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) to permit the grant of share-based awards, such as stock grants and incentives and non-qualified stock options to employees directors, consultants and advisors.directors. The Board has the authority to determine to whom awards will be granted, the number of shares, the term and the exercise price.

F-22


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

In March 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which became effective in connection with the IPO.Company's initial public offering in May 2020 (“IPO”). As a result, the Company may not grant any additional awards under the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan will continue to govern outstanding equity awards granted thereunder. The Company has initially reserved 3,468,048 shares of common stock for the issuance of a variety of awards under the 2020 Plan, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, awards of restricted stock and awards of restricted stock units.units. In addition, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan will automatically increase on the first day of January for a period of up to ten years, commencing on January 1, 2021, in an amount equal to 3% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on the last day of the preceding year, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. As of December 31, 2020,2023, there were 3,540,8996,476,157 shares available for issuance under the 2020 Plan, including 269,2681,620,650 additional shares which remained availablereserved effective January 1, 2023.
2011 Equity Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Units
In March 2019, the Company granted, under the 2011 Plan, atrestricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) to certain employees that vest only upon the timesatisfaction of both a time-based service condition and a performance-based condition that was satisfied on the 2020effective date of the IPO of the Company's common stock. The RSUs were subject to four-year cliff vesting and vested in full in March 2023. The vesting was also subject to a market-based condition related to the value of the Company's common stock as of the vesting date. As a result of exceeding the value of the Company's common stock as set forth in the grant agreement, the maximum amount of RSUs were earned and vested during the year ended December 31, 2023.
RSU activity under the 2011 Plan became effective.

Stock Options

A summaryis set forth below:

Number of
Awards
Weighted
Average
Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 20222,712,674$0.17 
Vested(2,712,674)(a)
Outstanding, December 31, 2023— $— 
_____________
(a) The vested RSUs will be distributed to the employees in installments. The first installment was distributed in the quarter ended March 31, 2023 with a weighted average fair value of stock option activity$64.34. The second installment was distributed in the quarter ended June 30, 2023 with a weighted average fair value of $71.17. The third installment was distributed in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 with a weighted average fair value of $68.33. The final installment was distributed in the quarter ended December 31, 2023 with a weighted average fair value of $61.04.
The total fair value of RSUs vested under the 2011 Plan was $170.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. No RSUs had vested under the 2011 Plan for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 20182022.
F-28

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Stock Options
A summary of stock option activities under the 2011 Plan is as follows (intrinsic value in thousands):

 

 

Number of

Awards

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

 

 

Weighted

Average

Fair Value

 

 

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Life (in years)

 

 

Intrinsic

Value

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2017

 

 

1,682,619

 

 

$

0.30

 

 

$

0.24

 

 

 

8.22

 

 

$

29

 

Granted

 

 

1,928,799

 

 

 

0.43

 

 

 

0.36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(835,359

)

 

 

0.31

 

 

 

0.26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

96

 

Cancelled

 

 

(87,532

)

 

 

0.31

 

 

 

0.26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2018

 

 

2,688,527

 

 

 

0.39

 

 

 

0.31

 

 

 

8.95

 

 

 

190

 

Granted

 

 

1,901,837

 

 

 

1.48

 

 

 

1.19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(409,893

)

 

 

0.31

 

 

 

0.26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

560

 

Cancelled

 

 

(98,169

)

 

 

0.40

 

 

 

0.34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2019

 

 

4,082,302

 

 

 

0.90

 

 

 

0.74

 

 

 

8.76

 

 

 

22,667

 

Granted

 

 

305,494

 

 

 

7.47

 

 

 

3.73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(851,190

)

 

 

0.55

 

 

 

0.50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

49,413

 

Cancelled

 

 

(99,821

)

 

 

8.39

 

 

 

3.62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2020

 

 

3,436,785

 

 

$

1.36

 

 

$

0.98

 

 

 

8.05

 

 

$

295,331

 

Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2020

 

 

1,370,991

 

 

$

0.88

 

 

$

0.68

 

 

 

7.84

 

 

$

118,473

 

Vested and expected to vest at December 31,

   2020

 

 

3,409,054

 

 

$

1.29

 

 

$

0.93

 

 

 

7.98

 

 

$

293,185

 

Number of
Awards
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding, December 31, 20203,436,785$1.36 8.05$295,331 
Exercised(806,008)$1.08 $73,299 
Cancelled(56,423)$2.17 
Outstanding, December 31, 20212,574,354$1.43 7.07$231,286 
Exercised(1,098,841)$0.74 $80,830 
Cancelled(19,185)$2.64 
Outstanding, December 31, 20221,456,328$1.93 6.20$89,749 
Exercised(515,222)$1.36 $31,577 
Cancelled(3,410)$5.12 
Outstanding, December 31, 2023937,696$2.24 5.20$58,778 
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023933,887$2.22 5.20$58,557 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023937,692$2.24 5.20$58,777 

The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding, vested and exercisable, and vested and expected to vest were calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock.

The fair value of each option grant under the 2011

2020 Incentive Award Plan was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Expected volatility

 

40.60%

 

 

53.5%  - 93.4%

 

 

109.10%

 

Weighted-average volatility

 

40.60%

 

 

83.24%

 

 

109.10%

 

Common stock fair value (per share)

 

$7.88 - $9.05

 

 

$0.59 - $6.15

 

 

$0.31 - $0.43

 

Dividend yield

 

0.00%

 

 

0.00%

 

 

0.00%

 

Risk free interest rates

 

1.46% - 1.68%

 

 

1.67% - 2.44%

 

 

2.63% - 3.00%

 

Expected remaining term in years

 

5.90 - 6.07

 

 

5.02 - 7.00

 

 

6.01 - 6.06

 

F-23


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

Expected volatility—Since the Company does not have sufficient stock price history to estimate the expected volatility of its shares, the expected volatility is calculated based on the average volatility for a peer group in the industry in which the Company does business.

Common Stock fair value—The fair value of the Company’s common stock is determined by the board of directors with assistance from management. The board of directors determines the fair value of common stock by considering independent valuation reports and a number of objective and subjective factors, including valuations of comparable companies, sales of convertible preferred stock, operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of the Company’s common stock and the general and industry-specific economic outlook.

Dividend yield of zero—The Company has not declared or paid dividends.

Risk-free interest rates—The Company applies the risk-free interest rate based on the US Treasury yield for the expected term of the option.

Expected term—The Company calculated the expected term as the average of the contractual term of the option and the vesting period for its employee stock options as the Company believes this represents the best estimate of the expected terms of a new employee stock option.

The Company uses its historical rate of cancelled or expired unvested shares since inception of the plan as the expected forfeiture rate.

Restricted Stock Units

In March 2019, the Company granted, under the 2011 Plan, 2,867,326 restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) to certain employees that vest only upon the satisfaction of both a time-based service condition and a performance-based condition. The performance-based condition is a liquidity event requirement that was satisfied on the effective date of the IPO of the Company’s common stock. These RSUs are subject to a four-year cliff vesting and will vest in March 2023. If the RSUs vest, the actual number of RSUs that will vest will be dependent on the per share value of the Company’s common stock, which is a market-based condition, determined based on the average closing price of the Company’s common stock for the three-month period immediately preceding the satisfaction of the service condition.

The probabilities of the actual number of RSUs expected to vest are reflected in the grant date fair values, and the compensation expense for these awards will be recognized assuming the requisite service period is rendered, and only if the performance-based condition is considered probable to be satisfied.

The estimated fair value of these RSUs were determined on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model, which utilizes multiple input variables to simulate a range of our possible future equity values and estimates the probabilities of the potential payouts. The determination of the estimated grant date fair value of these RSUs is affected by our equity valuation and a number of assumptions including our future estimated enterprise value, our risk-free interest rate, expected volatility and dividend yield. The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of these options and restricted stock units in the Monte Carlo simulation model at the grant date:

Year ended December 31, 2019

Expected term (in years)

4.00

Expected volatility

50.00%

Dividend yield

0.00%

Risk free interest rate

2.41%

As of December 31, 2019 and through May 21, 2020, no stock-based compensation expense had been recognized for these awards because the liquidity event performance condition described above for the RSUs was not considered probable of being satisfied. Upon the completion of the Company’s IPO, the Company recognized $159,000 of cumulative stock-based compensation expense related to such awards, which is included in SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020.

F-24


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

2020 Plan

RSUs are share awards that entitle the holder to receive freely tradable shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The RSUs cannot be transferred and the awards are subject to forfeiture if the holder’s employment terminates prior to the release of the vesting restrictions. The RSUs generally vest over a four-year period with straight-line vesting and a 25% one-year cliff or over a three-year period in equal amounts on a quarterly basis, provided the employee remains continuously employed with the Company. The fair value of the RSUs is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

F-29

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
RSU activityactivities under the 2020 Plan is set forth below (intrinsic value in thousands):

below:

 

Number of

Awards

 

 

Weighted

Average

Fair Value

 

 

Intrinsic

Value

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2019

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Number of
Awards
Number of
Awards
Weighted
Average
Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2020

Granted

 

 

227,963

 

 

 

58.68

 

 

 

13,356

 

Vested

 

 

(1,199

)

 

 

51.41

 

 

 

80

 

Cancelled

 

 

(4,200

)

 

 

51.41

 

 

 

232

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2020

 

 

222,564

 

 

$

58.86

 

 

$

19,428

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2021
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Outstanding, December 31, 2022
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Outstanding, December 31, 2023

Stock Based Compensation

Total compensation cost

In 2021, the Company accelerated the vesting of 8,947 RSUs for all share-based payment arrangementsa director and accounted for the vesting acceleration as a modification under ASC 718. The Company recognized including $560,000 ofa one-time stock-based compensation expense relatedas a result of this modification of approximately $0.4 million, which was determined based on the fair value of the Company’s shares of common stock at the time of the modification and was included in SG&A expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
The total fair value of RSUs vested under the 2020 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, was $28.5 million, $20.2 million and $17.7 million, respectively.
Stock Options
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to certain employees with vesting over a four-year period on a quarterly basis. The fair value of options granted was calculated using the ESPPfollowing weighted average assumptions:
Year ended December 31, 2023
Expected term (in years)4.56
Expected volatility50.35%
Expected dividends0.00%
Risk free interest rate4.05%
Weighted-average fair value of options granted$25.98 per share
Expected term. Due to lack of the Company’s historical share option exercise information, the expected term for options granted was determined using the simplified method. The Company calculated the expected term as the average of the vesting period and the contractual term of the option as the Company believes this represents the best estimate of the expected terms of the stock options.
Expected volatility. Due to lack of the Company’s historical stock price volatility data, the Company used the historical daily changes in the market price of its comparable companies to determine the expected volatility during the equivalent period of the expected term of the stock options.
F-30

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Expected dividends. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends.
Risk-free interest rates. The Company applies the risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Treasury yield for the expected term of the option.
The Company uses its historical rate of cancelled or expired unvested shares since inception of the plan as the expected forfeiture rate.
A summary of stock option activities under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2020, was2023 is as follows (in(intrinsic value in thousands):

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Cost of goods sold

 

$

155

 

 

$

52

 

 

$

2

 

Research and development

 

 

592

 

 

 

99

 

 

 

70

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

 

2,776

 

 

 

354

 

 

 

176

 

 

 

$

3,523

 

 

$

505

 

 

$

248

 

Number of
Awards
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2022— $— — $— 
Granted181,870$56.00 
Exercised(2,720)$56.00 $21 
Cancelled(12,947)$56.00 
Outstanding, December 31, 2023166,203$56.00 6.10$1,483 
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 202330,348 $56.00 6.00$271 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023155,278$56.00 6.10$1,385 

Total compensation costs as of December 31, 2020 related to all non-vested awards to be recognized in future periods was $14,382,000 and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 3.4 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)

In May 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which became effective on the date the ESPP was adopted by the Company’s board of directors. The Company has initially reserved 990,870 shares of common stock for purchase under the ESPP. Each offering to the employees to purchase stock under the ESPP will begin on each August 1 and February 1 and will end on the following January 31 and July 31, respectively. The first offering period began on August 1, 2020 and ends on January 31, 2021.2020. On each purchase date, which falls on the last date of each offering period, ESPP participants will purchase shares of common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value per share of the common stock on the offering date or (2) the fair market value of the common stock on the purchase date. The occurrence and duration of offering periods under the ESPP are subject to the determinations of the Company’s Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion.

As of December 31, 2020, no shares of common stock have been purchased under the ESPP.

The fair value of the ESPP shares is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

F-25

model with the following assumptions:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Expected term (in years)0.50.50.5
Expected volatility42.08% - 49.89%56.09% - 72.78%51.47% - 51.91%
Dividend yield0.00%0.00%0.00%
Risk free interest rate4.79% - 5.54%0.48% - 2.96%0.06% - 0.08%
Total shares of common stock purchased under the ESPP for the years as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were 204,545, 133,515 and 85,049, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 2,103,629 and 1,767,957 shares, respectively, reserved for future purchases.
F-31

Inari Medical, Inc

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

Year ended December 31, 2020

Expected term (in years)

0.5

Expected volatility

49.23%

Dividend yield

0.00%

Risk free interest rate

0.11%

Stock-based Compensation Expense

14. Income Taxes

The following table reflects

Total compensation cost for all share-based payment arrangements recognized, including $3.4 million, $3.3 million and $2.4 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes for the periods indicated (in thousands):

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Income (loss) before taxes

 

$

13,789

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Income tax provision (benefit)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

13,789

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Income tax provision (benefit) as a percentage of

   income taxes

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

The Company’s effective tax was 0%ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018. 2021, respectively, was as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Cost of goods sold$1,617 $1,510 $815 
Research and development6,440 4,255 2,214 
Selling, general and administrative32,280 22,906 22,419 
$40,337 $28,671 $25,448 
Total compensation costs as of December 31, 2023 related to all non-vested awards to be recognized in future periods was $75.1 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 2.6 years.
The Company’s effectiveincome tax rate for all periods is driven by pre-tax income (loss), business credits, equity compensation, debt warrants,benefit from the exercises of stock options before valuation allowance was $21.7 million, $7.6 million and the change in valuation allowance. No tax provision (benefit) was recorded$10.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 20192023, 2022 and 2018.

2021, respectively.

15. INCOME TAXES
The Company's income tax provision is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes:
United States$21,278 $(15,787)$18,301 
Foreign(17,032)(10,398)(7,616)
Income (loss) before income taxes$4,246 $(26,185)$10,685 
Current tax expense:
Federal$4,282 $826 $— 
State2,475 1,997 832 
Foreign(291)259 13 
Total current tax expense6,466 3,082 845 
Deferred tax expense:
Federal$(111)$— $— 
State(25)— — 
Foreign(448)— — 
Total deferred tax expense(584)— — 
Total provision for income taxes$5,882 $3,082 $845 
Provision for income taxes as a percentage of income (loss) before taxes138.5 %(11.8 %)7.9 %
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (b) operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.

F-32

INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
The tax effects of significant items comprising the Company’s deferred taxes as of are as follows:

follows (in thousands):

 

December 31,

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

December 31,December 31,
202320232022

Deferred tax assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capitalized R&D expenses
Capitalized R&D expenses
Capitalized R&D expenses
Credit carryforwards
Operating leases
Net operating losses and capital loss carryforwards
Equity compensation
Intangible asset
Accrued employee compensation

Inventory

 

$

97

��

 

$

170

 

Intangible Asset Basis

 

 

1,475

 

 

 

1,810

 

Accrued Employee Compensation

 

 

547

 

 

 

203

 

NOLs and Capital Loss Carryforwards

 

 

8,033

 

 

 

8,180

 

Credit Carryforwards

 

 

2,379

 

 

 

1,409

 

Equity Compensation

 

 

358

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

64

 

 

 

355

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

$

12,953

 

 

$

12,127

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed Asset Basis

 

$

(1,069

)

 

$

(349

)

Right-of-use assets
Right-of-use assets
Right-of-use assets
Fixed asset basis
Intangible asset

Other liabilities

 

 

(18

)

 

 

(21

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

Total deferred tax liabilities

$

(1,087

)

 

$

(370

)

Valuation allowance

 

$

(11,866

)

 

$

(11,756

)

Net deferred tax losses and tax credit carryforwards

 

$

 

 

$

 

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

ASC 740,Income Taxes requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, or NOLs, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.”not”. Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’sCompany's ability to generate sufficient taxable

F-26


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

income within the carryback or carryforward periods. ManagementBased on its evaluation, including projected taxable losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits from NOLs and credit carryforwards is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly has provided for a partial valuation allowance againstin the US and certain foreign jurisdictions. The Company will continue to assess its position on the realizability of its deferred tax assets. assets, until such time as sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow the Company to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed. Any release of the valuation allowance will result in a material benefit recognized in the quarter of release. The valuation allowance increased by $110,000approximately $23.5 million during 2020.

the year ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company recorded $0.4 million and nil of deferred tax assets within deposits and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

F-33

Table of Contents
INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
The effective tax rate of the Company’s (provision) benefitprovision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:

follows (in thousands):

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

202320222021

Statutory rate

 

$

2,896

 

 

$

(265

)

 

$

(2,132

)

State taxes, net of federal benefit
Foreign taxes
Foreign rate differential

Meals and entertainment

 

 

213

 

 

 

93

 

 

 

26

 

Stock -based compensation

 

 

(3,576

)

 

 

106

 

 

 

52

 

162(m) Limitation

 

 

197

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock warrants

 

 

696

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return to provision

 

 

258

 

 

 

(26

)

 

 

 

Other permanent adjustments

 

 

827

 

 

 

29

 

 

 

 

Non-deductible fringe benefits
Transaction costs
Foreign derived intangible income deduction
Deferred gain on foreign investment
Equity compensation
162(m) limitation
Other deferred adjustment
Permanent adjustments

General business credits

 

 

(1,621

)

 

 

(152

)

 

 

(308

)

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

110

 

 

 

215

 

 

 

2,362

 

Intercompany profit in inventory

Total

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Total
Total

For tax years beginning after December 31, 2021, certain research and development expenses are required to be capitalized and amortized over a five year or fifteen year period under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law December 22, 2017. The Company has reviewed and incorporated this change which impacts the expected U.S. federal and state tax expense and cash taxes to be paid for the tax years ending December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023.
As a result of losses incurred in the past, the Company has NOLnet operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards that are available to offset future taxable income and subject to expiration rules and to Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”) §382. In general, IRC §382 may impact the amount of NOLs that can be utilized each year after certain ownership changes occur. An ownership change occurs, generally, if the percentage of stock of the loss corporation owned by one or more 5% shareholders has increased by more than 50 percentage points relative to the lowest percentage of stock of the loss corporation owned by the same 5% shareholders at any time during the testing period (generally, the three-year period preceding a testing date).

F-34

Table of Contents
INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued
Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 20202023 are as follows:

follows (in thousands):

 

 

Amount

 

 

Expiration

Years

Net operating losses, federal - Expiring

 

$

20,843

 

 

2031 - 2037

Net operating losses, federal - Indefinite

 

$

9,305

 

 

Indefinite

Net operating losses, state

 

 

24,959

 

 

2031 - 2038

Net operating losses, foreign

 

 

813

 

 

2028

Tax credits, federal

 

 

2,341

 

 

2021 - 2031

Tax credits, state

 

 

1,725

 

 

Indefinite

AmountExpiration
Years
Net operating losses, federal - expiring$7,997 2036-2037
Net operating losses, federal - indefinite$1,774 Indefinite
Net operating losses, state - expiring$25,484 2032-2043
Net operating losses, state - indefinite$1,625 Indefinite
Net operating losses, foreign - expiring$47,233 2028-2030
Net operating losses, foreign - indefinite$5,041 Indefinite
Tax credits, federal$9,781 2031-2043
Tax credits, state$13,346 Indefinite

Pursuant to an IRC §382 limitation analysis performed by the Company, it was noted that an ownership change, as defined under IRC §382, occurred on March 29, 2018.2018 and December 31, 2021. Usage of NOL’s generated prior to March 29, 2018 will be limited to $3.0M$3.0 million for calendar years 2019 through 2022, and $0.6M$0.7 million for 2023, $0.6 million from 20232024 through 2039, and $0.2 million for 2040 for both federal and state purposes. The IRC §382 ownership change that occurred on December 31, 2021 did not further limit the use of the Company's NOL's generated prior to December 31, 2021. Of the federal net operating loss and the state net operating loss carryforward amounts, $22.6$9.8 million and $22.0$19.5 million are subject to the IRC §382 limitation, respectively. There is not an IRC §382 limitation on the foreign NOLs.

In the ordinary course of its business the Company incurs costs that, for tax purposes, are determined to be qualified research expenditures within the meaning of IRC §41 and are, therefore, eligible for the Increasing Research Activities credit under IRC §41. R&DResearch & Development credit carryovers generated prior to March 29, 2018 are limited under IRC §383 to $0.3 million a year for both federal and state purposes. Additionally, R&D credit carryovers acquired as part of the LimFlow acquisition are limited under IRC §383 for all credits generated prior to November 15, 2023. The limitation is expected to be immaterial. The Company has adjusted the deferred tax assets related to Federal R&D credit carryover to account for any tax credits that will expire unused due to the IRC §383 limitations.

As of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the Company has total uncertain tax positions of $882,000$10.6 million and $1,091,000,$5.5 million respectively. The Company estimates that these liabilities would be reduced by $882,000$10.6 million and

F-27


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

$1,091,000, $5.5 million, respectively, from offsetting tax benefits associated with the correlative effects of net operating losses and other timing adjustments. The net amounts of all years, if not required, would favorably affect the Company's effective tax rate. No interest or penalties have been recorded related to the uncertain tax positions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

follows (in thousands):

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
2023202320222021

Balance at the beginning of the year

 

$

1,091

 

 

$

859

 

 

$

560

 

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years

Deductions based on tax positions related to prior

years

 

 

(496

)

 

 

(226

)

 

 

 

Additions based on tax positions related to the

current year

 

 

287

 

 

 

458

 

 

 

299

 

Balance at the end of the year

 

$

882

 

 

$

1,091

 

 

$

859

 

It is not expected that there will be a significant change in uncertain tax position in the next 12 months. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state income tax in multiple state jurisdictions, and various foreign jurisdictions.jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by tax authorities. As of the date of the financial statements, there are no income tax examinations in progress. The statute of limitations for tax years ended after December 31, 2017,2020, December 31, 20162019, and December 31, 20152020, are open for federal, state, and foreign tax purposes, respectively.

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security, or CARES, Act became effective on March 27, 2020. It was a response

F-35

Table of Contents
INARI MEDICAL, INC.
Notes to the market volatility and instability resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and includes provisions to support businesses in the form of loans, grants, and tax changes, among other types of relief. The Company has reviewed the income tax changes included in the CARES Act, which primarily includes the expansion of the carryback period for NOLs, changes to the deduction and limitation on interest, and acceleration of depreciation for Qualified Improvement Property. The Company has analyzed these changes and does not believe there will be a material effect on the Company’s income tax provision. The Company currently does not expect to apply for loans or grants under the CARES Act.

15. Retirement Plan

Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

16. RETIREMENT PLAN
In December 2017, the Company adopted the Inari Medical, Inc. 401(k) Plan which allows eligible employees after one month of service to contribute pre-tax and Roth contributions to the plan, as allowed by law. The plan assets are held by Vanguard and the plan administrator is Ascensus. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not make any fund-matching contributions.Ascensus Trust Company. Beginning in January 2021, the Company will contributecontributes a $1.00 match for every $1.00 contributed by a participating employee up to the greater of $3,000 or 4% of eligible compensation under the plan, with such CompanyCompany's contributions becoming fully vested immediately.

F-28


Inari Medical, Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Continued

16. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $8.6 million and $7.5 million, respectively, in matching contributions expense.

17. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
The components of net (loss) income (loss) per share are as follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Numerator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

13,789

 

 

$

(1,192

)

 

$

(10,153

)

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares

   outstanding - basic

 

 

32,033,827

 

 

 

5,887,542

 

 

 

5,056,743

 

Common stock equivalents from convertible

   preferred stock

 

 

12,490,452

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock equivalents from outstanding

   common stock options

 

 

3,856,222

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock equivalents from unvested RSUs

 

 

2,858,224

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock equivalents from outstanding

   warrants

 

 

191,194

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock equivalents from restricted stock

 

 

125,077

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares

   outstanding - diluted

 

 

51,554,996

 

 

 

5,887,542

 

 

 

5,056,743

 

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Numerator:
Net (loss) income$(1,636)$(29,267)$9,840 
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic56,770,65752,837,67449,815,914
Common stock equivalents from outstanding common stock options2,842,938
Common stock equivalents from unvested RSUs2,929,524
Common stock equivalents from ESPP5,783
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted56,770,65752,837,67455,594,159
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic$(0.03)$(0.55)$0.20 
Diluted$(0.03)$(0.55)$0.18 

The Company did not have any anti-dilutive common stock equivalents for the year ended December 31, 2020. 2021. The following outstanding potentially dilutive common stock equivalents have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the period presented below due to their anti-dilutive effect:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Convertible preferred stock

 

 

31,968,570

 

 

 

31,968,570

 

Common stock options

 

 

4,082,302

 

 

 

2,688,527

 

RSUs

 

 

2,867,326

 

 

 

-

 

Restricted stock subject to future vesting

 

 

397,199

 

 

 

805,300

 

Convertible preferred stock warrants

 

 

256,588

 

 

 

256,588

 

Common stock warrants

 

 

27,810

 

 

 

27,810

 

 

 

 

39,599,795

 

 

 

35,746,795

 

Years Ended December 31,
20232022
Common stock options1,092,9741,456,328
RSUs1,307,9983,711,889
Total potentially dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from calculation due to anti-dilutive effect2,400,9725,168,217

F-29

F-36