FORM 10-K

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”“Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,“may,” “will,“will,” “should,“should,” “expects,“expects,” “plans,“plans,” “anticipates,“anticipates,” “could,“could,” “intends,“intends,” “target,“target,” “projects,“projects,” “contemplates,“contemplates,” “believes,“believes,” “estimates,“estimates,” “predicts,“predicts,” “potential,“potential,” or “continue”“continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prospects.operations. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”“Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. Moreover, we operate in a highly competitive, dynamic and challenging environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected, or that the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed, in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report, new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, other strategic transactions or investments we may make or enter into.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of this Annual Report (the “MD&A”), we present certain financial measures that are derived from our consolidated financial data but are not presented in our financial statements that are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These measures are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules. The reasons we use these non-GAAP financial measures and the reconciliations to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are included in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of the MD&A.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

Overview

Aterian, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Aterian”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our”), is a technology-enabled consumer products platform that uses “data science” (which includes but is not limited to, machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics) to design, develop, market and sell products.  Aterian was founded on the premise that if a company selling consumer packaged goods was founded today, it would apply data science, the synthesis of massive quantities of data and the use of social proof to validate high caliber product offerings as opposed to over-reliance on brand value and other traditional marketing tactics. Today, we predominantly operate through online retail channels such as Amazon.com (“Amazon”) and Walmart, Inc.

We have launched and sold hundreds of SKUs on e-commerce platforms. Through the success of a number of those products we have incubated our own brands. We also have purchased brands and products when we believe it is advantageous.  Today, we own and operate fourteen brands which sell products in multiple categories, including home and kitchen appliances, kitchenware, heating, cooling and air quality appliances (dehumidifiers, humidifiers and air conditioners), health and beauty products and essential oils.

Our fourteen brands are hOmeLabs; Vremi, Squatty Potty; Xtava; RIF6; Aussie Health; Holonix; Truweo; Mueller; Pursteam; Pohl and Schmitt; Spiralizer; Healing Solutions; and Photo Paper Direct.  By leveraging our proprietary software technology platform, known as AIMEE, we are able to identify new product and market opportunities, and to launch, market and sell products in the rapidly growing global e-commerce market. AIMEE combines large quantities of data, data science and other automation algorithms, at scale, to allow rapid opportunity identification and automated online sales and marketing of consumer products.

AIMEE sources data from various e-commerce platforms, the internet and publicly available data, allowing us to estimate and determine trends, performance and consumer sentiment on products and searches within e-commerce platforms. This functionality allows us to help determine which products to market, manufacture through contract manufacturers, import and sell on e-commerce marketplaces. AIMEE is also connected, through application program interfaces (“APIs”), to multiple e-commerce platforms. This allows us to automate the purchase of marketing, automate various parts of our fulfillment and logistics operations and to automate pricing changes on product listings. We generate revenue primarily through the online sales of our various digital native consumer products and a substantial percentage of our sales are made through the Amazon U.S. marketplace.

See the sections contained within this Annual Report entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” for further information.

Our History and Corporate Information

We were incorporated in Delaware under the name Mohawk Group Holdings, Inc. in March 2018 and we changed our name toAbout Aterian Inc. in April 2021. We have a single direct operating subsidiary, Aterian Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which was incorporated in Delaware in April 2014 as Mohawk Group, Inc. As of December 31, 2021, we have multiple operating subsidiaries located in the U.S., Canada, Ireland, the Philippines and China and conduct various aspects of our business in a number of other geographic locations including Israel, Poland, France and Ukraine.

Our principal executive offices are located at 37 East 18th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, and our telephone number is (347) 676-1681. Our website address is www.aterian.io. We do not incorporate the information on, or accessible through, our website intothis Annual Report, and you should not consider any information on, or accessible through, our website as part of this Annual Report. We have included our website address in this Annual Report solely as an inactive textual reference.

Our Platform

AIMEE, our proprietary technology,Aterian, Inc. (“Aterian”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our”) is a cloud-based modular platform incorporating a multi-tenant architecture. technology-enabled consumer products company that predominantly operates through online retail channels such as Amazon and Walmart. The Company operates its owned brands, which were either incubated or purchased, selling products in multiple categories, including home and kitchen appliances, kitchenware, air quality appliances, health and wellness products and essential oils.

Our platform is highly configurableprimary brands include Squatty Potty; hOmeLabs; Mueller; Pursteam; Healing Solutions; and designed to provide flexibility in implementing critical business processes. AIMEE connects to multiple e-commerce platforms and other internet based sourcesPhoto Paper Direct. We generate revenue primarily through application program interfaces (“APIs”) in order to ingest data. 

At its core, AIMEE ingests data used in product research, analysis and performance and provides the automation of numerousonline sales marketing and fulfillment tasks and functions. AIMEE helps us automate and manage the life-cycle of our consumer product portfolio and provides us with the ability to scale our business efficiently.  AIMEE, along with our people, allows us to perform the following key business functions:

AIMEE is comprised of three modules that are in various stages of development and that operate today in combination with human judgment and oversight:

As part of using AIMEE consistently, we oversee and improve the data and automation driven by our AIMEE platform. Here are some examples for each module of how our team validates the accuracy of the information we use in part in making our business decisions:

We continue to develop AIMEE’s capabilities. This includes forecasting, inventory management, online marketing and other aspects, which require human judgment and oversight. At its core, AIMEE is designed to intelligently automate many of our business tasks and provides us with the ability to scale our business.

For the year-ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we spent approximately $9.8 million and $8.2 million, respectively, on research and development expenses, of which the majority are related to AIMEE. Included in the year-ended December 31, 2021

and December 31, 2020 research and development expenses were approximately $5.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expenses, primarily for executives and senior management.  We continue to expect to spend more than $4.0 million annually in research and development expenses, exclusive of stock-based compensation charges.

Our Business Model

We believe the digital disruption of retail, namely the consumer shift to e-commerce, will continue for decades to come. As this digital disruption continues, we believe the products consumers purchase, and the places they purchase them, will index more towards function, value, and ease / speed of delivery and less towards the historical dominance of brand recognition.  The ubiquity of data on the internet has empowered consumers to make data driven choices when it comes to nearly every consumer choice.  In this data rich world, we believe that digital marketplaces offer both brands and consumers the best value when it comes to buying and selling consumer products.

For the consumer, digital marketplaces offer nearly endless product choice, competitive pricing and easy delivery options.  For brands and manufacturers, digital marketplaces not only offer the ability to instantly connect with millions of customers across the world, but also provide a real-time data stream of purchase behavior to decide against.  The data that digital marketplaces provide, in addition to consumer trends data that exists outside of these marketplaces, creates an opportunity for software to change the way products are ideated, merchandised, marketed, analyzed and fulfilled.

AIMEE, our software platform, infuses technology throughout the consumer product value chain, generally allowing us to create and sell products and brands with a more customer centric value proposition than the legacy incumbents’ products.

We believe our platform makes it possible for us to launch and automates the sales of evergreen products with features that customers have indicated are the most important to them and with profitable unit economics. With scale, we gain purchasing power both at the product level and at the overall fulfillment level, which improves our operating results. We also believe that our platform provides us with substantial leverage such that we can acquire already existing products and utilize AIMEE to optimize “make” versus “buy” decisions. Our technology also gives us the ability to track unit economics on an individual SKU basis, which we believe, combined with the automation of our fixed costs, will allow us to disrupt and scale the consumer product business model.

We believe our platform makes it possible for us to launch and automate the sales of evergreen products with features that customers have indicated are important to them and with profitable unit economics. We also believe that our platform provides us with substantial leverage such that we can acquire already existing products and utilize AIMEE to optimize “make” versus “buy” decisions. Our technology also gives us the ability to track unit economics on an individual SKU basis, which we believe, combined with the automation of our fixed costs, will allow us to disrupt and scale the consumer product business model.

Our product lifecycle can be summarized as follows:

3.    Each of our products typically goes through the Launch phase and depending on its level of success is moved to one of the other phases as further described below: 

i.Launch phase: During this phase, we leverage our technology to target marketing opportunities identified using AIMEE (Artificial Intelligence Marketplace e-Commerce Engine) and other sources. During this period of time, due to the combination of discounts and investment in marketing, our net margin for a product could be as low as approximately negative 35%. Net margin is calculated by taking net revenue less the cost of goods sold, less fulfillment, online advertising and selling expenses. These costs primarily reflect the estimated variable costs related to the sale of a product.

ii.Sustain phase: Our goal is for every product we launch to enter the sustain phase and become profitable, with a target of positive 15% net margin for most products, within approximately three months of launch on average. Over time, our products benefit from economies of scale stemming from purchasing power both with manufacturers and with fulfillment providers.

iii.Milk phase or Liquidate phase: If a product does not enter the sustain phase or if the customer satisfaction of the product (i.e., ratings) is not satisfactory, then it will go to the liquidate phase and we will sell through the remaining

inventory. In order to enter the milk phase, a product must be well received and become a strong leader in its category in both customer satisfaction and volume sold as compared to its competition. Products in the milk phase that have achieved profitability should benefit from pricing power and we expect their profitability to increase accordingly. To date, none of our products have achieved the milk phase and we can provide no assurance that any of our products will do so in the future.

To date, our operating results have included a mix of products in the launch, sustain and liquidate phases, and we expect such results to include a mix of products insubstantially all phases at any given period. Product mix can affect our gross profit and the variable portion of our sales being made through the Amazon U.S. marketplace.

Products

The Company sells a wide-range of products across multiple categories, including home and distribution expenses. Ultimately, we believe thatkitchen appliances, kitchenware, cooling and air quality appliances such as dehumidifiers, health and beauty products, essential oils and more. These products are sold under the future cash flow generated by our products in the sustain phase will outpace the amount that we will reinvest into launching new products, driving net revenue and profitability at the company level while we continue to invest in growth and technology.

Consumer Products - Make versus Buy

We have used AIMEE to internally develop our product portfolio for ourCompany’s owned and operated consumer product brands, and have hundreds of SKUs available for sale. AIMEE’s idea generator has been developed to be product agnostic and we believe can generate product opportunities in most product categories. We have also leveraged AIMEE to assist in decision-making and diligence to buy (acquire through acquisition) consumer productwhich were either incubated or acquired. Our primary brands and related products. During 2021, we acquired the brandsinclude Squatty Potty; hOmeLabs; Mueller; Pursteam; Healing Solutions, Squatty PottySolutions; and Photo Paper Direct; during 2020, we acquiredDirect "(PPD)". We generate revenue primarily through the brands Truweo, Mueller, Pursteam, Pohl and Schmitt, and Spriralizer and their related products; during 2019, we acquiredonline sales of our various consumer products with substantially all of our sales being made through the brand Aussie Health.Amazon U.S. marketplace.

Acquisitions

While we intend to pursue growth from our existing product portfolio and from new product launches, we also intend to pursue growth through strategic acquisitions of digital native brands that we believe will integrate well with our business. When looking at new potential product categories

Intellectual Property and potential acquisition targets, we typically apply a make-or-buy analysis based in part on the data provided from our AIMEE technology platform and other sources of data combined with our assessment of the risks and costs of successfully launching products in the new product category. We intend to pursue acquisitions when the target meets our financial and other criteria, including revenue and profit sustainability. We expect that these consumer product businesses will typically have built a significant presence on at least one e-commerce marketplace around one or more product categories. We expect that the products of these businesses will have strong unit economics, high product quality and stable supply chains, have developed significant social proof in the form of customer reviews and high search ranking for relevant keywords and are in product categories where frequent product improvement is not required. They also tend to have significant concentration risk due to limited product offerings, have limited ability to scale as they do not have a technology platform enabling automation and have limited working capital to further enable growth.Technology

Our ability to complete any acquisition typically depends on a number of factors such as the successful completion of confirmatory due diligence, negotiation of definitive agreements, the seller providing seller financing, our ability to use debt and equity financing, and permission from our existing lenders.

Platform as a Service (Managed PaaS)

While our core focus is currently on our organic consumer product and acquired business, we believe that as we scale and unlock more resources to invest in it, our Managed PAAS offering could in the long term become a substantial part of our business. We believe that this solution, which includes combined access to our team’s expertise and portions of the AIMEE platform, could provide an advantage over other competitors in this industry. We believe this is because many incumbent companies have historically operated as business-to-businesses and have not invested sufficiently to succeed on online marketplaces. With our Managed PaaS solution, we believe we can bridge this operational gap by offering our technology combined with our substantial know-how in managing business-to-consumer supply chains, marketing, and customer service, among other things.

We currently structure our offering as a standalone service or, in cases where the client’s third-party’s logistics do not allow for fulfillment direct-to-consumer, as a service suite which includes a standard reseller agreement that leverages our integrated direct-to-consumer fulfillment program. Managed PaaS is currently a nominal part of our business and will remain so while we are focusing our resources on scaling our consumer business. We believe that in the short to medium term the consumer business opportunity is larger.

Intellectual Property

We rely primarily on a combination of trade secrets, trademarks, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements and licensing arrangements (including open source software) to protect our intellectual property in the U.S. and internationally.property. We generally do not pursue patent applications as a means of protecting our intellectual property. We have applied to register or have registered certain of our trademarks in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, and we will pursue additional trademark registrations to the extent we believe they would be beneficial and cost-effective.

We believe that the use of technology allows us to automate and ingest data to create efficiencies within our sales and marketing and our supply chain. This ability to leverage technology is important for our business considering that predominately all our net revenue is generated via e-commerce marketplaces.    Historically, we developed the majority of our technology internally. However, in February 2024, we announced that we have shifted our technology platform away from a fully internally developed model to an integrated third-party, best-of-breed model.

Customers

Our customers are mainly individual online consumers who purchase our products primarily on Amazon US, and to a lesser extent on our owned and operated websites and other marketplaces.marketplaces, such as Walmart. In 2021,2022 and 2023, approximately 93%89% and 88% of our revenue was through the Amazon sales platform, and in 2020, 88% of our revenue was through the Amazon sales platform.respectively.

Seasonality

Our individual product categories are typically affected by seasonal sales trends primarily resulting from the timing of the summer season for certain of our environmental appliance products and the fall and holiday season for our small kitchen appliances and accessories. With our current mix of heating, cooling and air quality,environmental appliances, the sales of those products tend to be significantly higher in the summer season. Further, our small kitchen appliances and accessories tend to have higher sales during the fourth quarter, which includes Thanksgiving and the December holiday season. As a result, our operational results, cash flows, cash and inventory positions may fluctuate materially in any quarterly period depending on, among other things, adverse weather conditions, shifts in the timing of certain holidays and changes in our product mix.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales and marketing strategy and approach is driven by our people, who substantially leverage AIMEE. AIMEE is being developed to allow price automatization, media buying and search engine optimization leveraging our proprietary technology software and algorithms we have built into AIMEE. We believe this automation will bring significant competitive advantages for our products and PaaS customers alike. For our SKUs, our advertising investment is focused on online channels and e-commerce platforms. Currently our primary focus on advertising spend is online across Amazon, Google and Facebook. Our spend

Third-Party Manufacturing & Logistics

During 2023, we purchased the substantial majority of our finished products from suppliers in China. We do not maintain long-term purchase contracts with suppliers and approachoperate mainly on advertising is different depending ona purchase order basis. We negotiate purchases from our foreign suppliers in U.S. dollars. We purchased our inventory from approximately 59 suppliers, four of which represented more than 10% of purchases during the life cycleyear-ended December 31, 2023. While we believe the loss of productsany one supplier would not have a long-term material adverse effect on our platform. We viewbusiness due to the availability of other suppliers, the loss of a supplier could, in the short term, materially and classify products into categories such as launch, sustain, milk or liquidate.adversely impact our business.

The launch phase is where we classify new products being introduced into the marketplace. The advertising spend during this stage is aggressive and can last for a number of months on averageprincipal raw materials used by our third-party suppliers to ensure the product launch is successful, with a focus on search optimization and the development of social proof thatmanufacture our products are meeting customer needs. Once our products reach the sustain phase, our salesplastic, glass, steel, copper, aluminum and marketing strategy then focuses primarily on managing price and pay-per-click optimization, along with a corresponding reduction in spending on search optimization and social proof.packaging materials. We believe adequate quantities of raw materials are available from various suppliers.

Third-Party Manufacturing & Logistics

As of December 31, 2021, we contract, through purchase orders, with approximately 148 manufacturers, predominately in China, for a substantial percentage of our consumer products. As of December 31, 2021, we have an operations team of approximately 26 people in Shenzhen, China, 10 people in our Philippines office, and 14 people across the U.S. that perform sourcing, product testing, manufacturer qualification, quality assurance and control and purchasing, among other things. In general, we do not use master agreements with vendors and aim to have flexibility in our supply chain to match our forecasting needs.

We use a combination of Amazon warehouses, other third-party warehouse and logistics partners to fulfill direct-to-consumer orders, through agreements or terms of services. In addition to fulfillment by Amazon warehouses, in 2018 we began utilizing threeuse geographically distributed third-party warehouses to allow usin the U.S. to deliver orders within one to two days through ground shipment to approximately 99% of the U.S. market. Warehouse selection for any particular product depends on the size and other aspects of the products to be warehoused, with a focus on optimizing storage and fulfillment costs. We are focused on driving manufacturing and logistics costs down as we grow, scale and improve our purchasing power. We have expanded our third-party warehouse network to provide fulfillment by merchant One Day Prime delivery. This expansion covered approximately 76% of the U.S. market in 2021, based on our sales history. We believe that the increase in warehouse costs associated with this expansion will be more than offset by the decrease in shipping costs to customers as the average last mile shipping zones will decrease due to our increased reach.most customers.

Competition

The consumer goods and e-commerce markets are highly competitive includingand dynamic. We compete primarily against numerous third-party brands and sellers on marketplaces for each of our products. Competition is based on price, product features and quality, strong ratings and reviews, effective marketing, visibility and location on the market for potential mergeronline shelf and acquisition opportunities where there are many aggregatorssupply chain excellence, which is mostly the ability to deliver products to customers in one to two days. In certain instances, we compete directly with substantial access to capital focused on acquiring Amazonour third party sellers. Our competitors include traditional and non-traditional consumer good companies, discount stores, traditional retailers, the online platforms of these traditional retail competitors, independent retail stores and e-commerce companies. The market for PaaS services relatingsuppliers who sell their own brands directly to e-commerce, and the U.S. Amazon marketplace in particular, is also very competitive customers, including with a variety ofwell-funded entrants in the space.  The market landscape is diverse,with competitors selling into brands, agencies, manufacturers andretailers alike. The services offered by these competitors vary, withsome offering point solutions for specific aspects relatedrespect to sellingon Amazon, including research and business intelligence, Amazonservices and listing management, while others focus on amore holistic approach.  Some of these competitors leverageproprietary software to execute their services, while others offerpersonnel with relevant expertise. In addition, Amazon also offers its sellers a variety of tools that are generally free.

We believe that our owned and operated products business gives us an advantage as we are able to quickly develop new algorithms and test them on our own products to ensure their efficacy before delivering them to Managed PaaS clients. By having our owned and operated businesses, we are able to better predict and develop features that we believe will deliver results for Managed PaaS clients.

With regard to our consumer product business, we believe our competitors are Amazon, Helen of Troy, Newell Brands, Frigidaire, Trademark Global and any other consumer product company that sells products similar to ours in the e-commerce space. There has also been an increase in the number of sellers who are based in China that sell products similar to ours. For our acquisition growth strategy, we believe our competitors are Thrasio, HeyDay, SellerX, Perch, Boosted Commerce and Heroes, among numerous other aggregators in the U.S. and Europe. For our Managed PaaS business, we believe our competitors are Feedvisor, CommerceIQ, Channel Advisor, Teikametrics, Jungle Scout, Helium10 and numerous others. We believe that we are able to compete effectively becausecertain of our expertise, platform, data science and other automation.material products such as dehumidifiers.

Regulatory Matters/Governmental Regulations

Government Regulation

We are subject to a variety of U.S. federal, state and local laws and international laws, including but not limited to those governing the processing of payments, consumer protection, the privacy of consumer information and other laws regarding unfair and deceptive trade practices. We are also subject to various environmental laws, rules and regulations, such as California’s Proposition 65.

The products sold by us are also subject to regulation by U.S. governmental agencies, including the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, United States Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy and similar state and international regulatory authorities, such as the California Energy Commission. We do not estimate any significant capital expenditures for environmental control matters either in the current fiscal year or in the near future.

We are also subject to regulations relating to our supply chain. For example, the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act requires retail sellers that do business in California to disclose their efforts to eradicate slavery and human trafficking in their supply chains. As part of our vendor qualification process, we review suppliers’ operations for compliance with applicable labor and workplace standards and other applicable laws, including laws prohibiting child labor, forced labor and unsafe working conditions.

Substantially most

A significant portion of our products are currently manufactured in China, which may resultChina. The enactment of new legislation, executive actions, or changes in additional costs, ifcurrent laws related to international trade affecting trade agreements, changes in tariffs, trade barriers, price and exchange controls and other regulatory requirements or changes in sourcing patterns could adversely affect the Company’s operations and result in additional tariffs on our products.expenses.

Although we have not suffered any material restrictions from doing business in the past due to government regulations, significant impediments may arise in the future as we expand product offerings.

From time to time, we dispose of or donate of obsolete inventory which is disposed of or destroyed in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

People

The human capital objectives we focus on in managing our business include attracting, developing, and retaining key personnel. Our employees are critical to the success of our organization and we are committed to supporting our employees’ professional development. We believe our management team has the experience necessary to effectively implement our growth strategy and continue to drive stockholder value. We provide competitive compensation, which includes a focus on stock-based compensation, and benefits to attract and retain key personnel, while also providing a safe, inclusive and respectful workplace.As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had 159114 full-time employees, of which 156 were full-time, and 6052 independent contractors. Of our employees and contractors, 37 are

engaged in research and development, 156 are engaged in sales, marketing and operations and 26 are in general corporate and administrative positions. 

As of December 31, 2021,2023, our employees and contractors are based in seven offices, (including shared workspaces)workspaces and remote work locations. Of our employees and contractors, 26 are in research and development, sales, marketing, operations, general corporate and administration in New York, 25 are in operations and revenue across remote roleslocations in the U.S., 32 are in China, where we perform operations and manufacturer inspections, one is in the U.K. in finance, 79 are in, the Philippines, where we perform customer service, sales and marketing and other logistics functions and 26 are in Poland where we perform research and development.Poland. We also contract with 21 consultants, predominantly for research and development functions in Ukraine, Poland,Serbia, Israel, and Montreal. Costa Rica.

Our

On February 8, 2024, the Company committed to a fixed cost-cutting plan, including a reduction in workforce which will result in the termination of approximately 21 employees areand 27 contractors globally. The Company expects to substantially complete this reduction by the end of the first quarter of 2024.

Available Information

The Company’s corporate website is located at https://ir.aterian.io. The Company files reports and other information with the SEC pursuant to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Company makes available free of charge, on or through its website, the Company’s annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the SEC. Information contained on the Company’s website is not represented bypart of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any collective bargaining agreements or labor unions.other report filed with the SEC. Readers may also read and copy any document the Company files at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Summary

We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of Risk Factors

Below is a summaryoperations, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, we encourage you to consider the following discussion of the principal factors that make an investment in shares of our common stock speculative or risky. These factors, along with other general risk factors, are described in further detail underits entirety, in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other public filings with the heading “Risk Factors” below.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Risks Relating to Intellectual Property and Cyber Security

Risks Relating to Litigation and Government Regulation

Risks Relating to the Ownership of our Common Stock

Risks Relating to Our Business

Our growth strategy is capital dependentWe have historically operated at a loss and due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicwe may never achieve or sustain profitability or positive cash flows. Further we and related global supply chain disruption, our management hasindependent registered public accounting firm have expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

As an emerging growth company, we have been dependent on outside capital through the issuance of equity to investors and borrowings from lenders (collectively “outside capital”) since our inception to execute our growth strategy of investing in organic growth at the expense of short-term profitably and investing in incremental growth through mergers and acquisitions (“M&A strategy”).  In addition, our recent financial performance has been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 global pandemic and related global shipping disruption, in particular with respect to substantial increases in supply chain costs for shipping containers.  As a result, we have incurred significant losses and will remain dependent on outside capital for the foreseeable future until such time that we can realize our strategy of growth by generating profits through our organic growth and M&A strategy, and reduce our reliance on outside capital.

We have been affected byexperienced significant after tax losses for the COVID-19 pandemicyears-ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. In addition, our costs have increased historically and may increase further in future periods, which could negatively affect our future operating results and ability to achieve and sustain profitability. For example, we may need to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on the ideation, sourcing and development of products, our technology infrastructure, research and development, sales and marketing, international expansion and general administration, including expenses related global supply chain disruption. Together, theseto being a public company. We have ledhad to substantial increases in the costs of our supply chain, specifically, the costs of shipping containers, which we rely on a combination of cash flow from operations and new capital in order to import our goods. The COVID-19 pandemic and related supply chain disruption have also reduced the reliability and timely delivery of shipping containers, which has in turn negatively impacted our shipping times and substantially increased our shipping costs. These delays and cost increases have been particularly substantial for oversized goods, which are a material part ofsustain our business. The increased costs of our supply chain negatively impacted us inDespite the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, andfact that we believe it will continue to negatively impact us for at least the next six to nine months. Therehave raised significant capital, there can be no assurancesassurance that the costs of our supply chainwe will ever return to pre-pandemic levels andachieve profitability. Even if that is the case our long-term operating results and financial condition couldwe do, there can be adversely impacted.  

Due to the reduced reliability and delivery of shipping containers we have had to spend more on premium shipping to ensure space on board of the vessels that carry our goods, if at all, and the general lack of reliability and timely delivery of shipping containers has had further down supply chain impacts as it takes longer for containers to be offloaded and returned. Further, this global supply chain disruption is forcing us to take steps to increase our inventory on-hand, including advance ordering and taking possession of inventory earlier than expected, which negatively impacts our working capital.

Third party last mile shipping partners, such as UPS and FedEx, continue to increase the cost of delivering goods to end consumers as their delivery networks continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we may be adversely impacted by rising costs of the commodity raw materials used to produce our products.

The COVID-19 pandemic also continues to bring uncertainty to consumer demand as price increases related to raw materials, the importing of goods, including tariffs, and the cost of delivering goods to consumers has led to inflation across the globe, and in the U.S. in particular. We have serious concerns about the effect of inflation on all aspects of our business, including its impact on the supply chain and our consumers. Increasing inflation, coupled with the reopening of the country, have resulted in changes to consumer buying habits, which may have reduced demand for our products. Further, we have increased the sale prices for our products to offset the increased supply chain costs, which has also led to reduced demand for our goods. Reduced demand for our products and increased prices affecting consumer demand generally have also made forecasting and budgeting more difficult.

We have been taking, and plan to continue to take, various actions to help improve our financial forecasts and allow us to navigate through the continuing global supply chain disruption. These actions include, but are not limited to, obtaining new third party vendors for shipping containers, renegotiating rates with third party last mile providers, postponing or canceling some or all of our product launches, and reducing fixed costs and increasing our inventory on-hand to ensure products are available on time to sell. More specifically, due to our need to increase our inventory on-hand to ensure products are available on time to sell and to secure inventory earlier than normal, we may experience working capital tightness based on our forecasts during the first half of 2022 and the first quarter of 2023. 

Given the inherent uncertainties associated with executing our growth strategy, as well as the uncertainty associated with the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic and related global supply chain disruption, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to obtain sufficient outside capitalmaintain or generate sufficientincrease profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Failure to achieve or sustain profitability could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our growth strategy has resulted in operating losses and negative cash flows from operations to fund our obligations for the twelve months following the issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.   Further, there can be no assurance that these actions around the supply chain along with our operating forecast for the twelve months following the issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements will be attained such that we will be able to maintain compliance with our financial covenants with our lender and

meet our obligations as they become due. These negative financial conditions raiseraised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our management plansindependent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the year-ended December 31, 2023, that raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue to closely monitor our operating forecast and may pursue additional sources of financing and/or capital to fund our operations or to continue our merger and acquisition strategy.as a going concern. If we are unable to improvecontinue as a going concern or maintain our operating results, secure any necessary waivers fromfinancial covenants with our lender, and/or obtain additional sources of financing and capital on acceptable terms (if at all) for our planned operations, including our merger and acquisition strategy,lenders, we may have to make significant changes to our operating plan, such as delay expenditures, reduce investments in new products, delay the further development of and upgrades and updates to, our software, reduce our sale and distribution infrastructure, limit or postponesignificantly reduce our mergerbusiness. Further, if we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may be forced to liquidate our assets and acquisition strategythe values we receive for our assets in liquidation or dissolution could be significantly lower than the values reflected in our financial statements.

We face intense competition and if we are unable to compete effectively, our market share and revenue could be diminished which may delay or otherwise significantly reduce the scope ofhinder our business.efforts to achieve or maintain profitability.

We cannot assure you that our products will continue to compete favorably or that we will be successful in the face of increasing competition and from new products and enhancements introduced by existing competitors or new companies entering the markets in which we operate. We sell our products primarily on marketplaces and primarily on Amazon in the U.S. Unlike traditional brick and mortar retailers, the customer who is shopping on marketplaces has a significant number of competing products to select from as there are limited barriers to entry. In addition, the Internet facilitates competitive entry and comparison shopping, which enhances the ability of new and existing businesses to compete against us. A number of our current and potential competitors have greater resources, longer histories, and/or greater brand recognition. As a result, they may be able to secure better terms from vendors and devote more resources to technology, infrastructure, fulfillment, and marketing than we may be able to. In addition, some of our competitors aggressively discount their products in order to gain market share, which has resulted in pricing pressures, reduced profit margins and lost market share. Further, social proof for products sold on marketplaces in the form of product ratings and reviews is highly important to our success. In certain instances, we have been unable to maintain such social proof, and we may be unable to maintain such social proof in the future, or competitors may be able to attain better social proof for their products which could have a shortmaterial impact on our operating historyresults.

For certain significant products in our portfolio such as certain of the dehumidifiers we sell, we compete directly with our contract manufacturer who sells its own competing private label products on the marketplaces we sell and who has a rapidly evolving industrylower cost structure and increasingly competitive environment. 

Wesignificantly better R&D capabilities. These manufacturers could take aggressive actions against us including limiting the availability of productive capacity or limiting our access to newer, more innovative models, which we have experienced from time to time. For other certain products, due to our inventory long position and other factors we continued to sell our older versions of SKUs rather than order newer versions with innovations that some of our competitors are currently selling, which has had and may continue to have a short operating historymaterial impact on our business. In the interim we have lost and may continue to lose market share for such SKUs.

As a result of competition, our product offerings, whether in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive industry thatnew or existing markets, may not developbe successful, we may fail to gain or may lose business, and we may be required to increase our marketing spending or lower prices, either of which could materially impact our operating results.

Our financial projections are highly subjective in a manner favorablenature and our future financial results could vary significantly from our projections and also from quarter-to-quarter.

From time to time, we may provide financial projections to our business.shareholders, lenders, investment community, and other stakeholders and these projections are highly subjective. Our relativelyquarterly revenue and other operating results have varied in the past and are likely to continue to vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter in the future. It is difficult for us to accurately predict the demand for many of our products, or the amount and timing of our future revenue and operating results. Our projections are based on management’s best estimate of sales using historical sales data and other relevant information available at the time. These projections are highly subjective since product sales can fluctuate substantially. Additionally, changes in consumer demand, affected by competitors, transportation, supplier lead times, costs and availability, raw material costs and availability, and other factors could make our inventory management and sales forecasting more difficult. Further, we base our expense levels and investment plans on sales estimates. A significant portion of our expenses and investments are fixed, and we are not able to adjust our spending quickly if our sales are less than expected. Due to these and other factors described elsewhere in this section, our future operating results could vary materially from our projections and from quarter-to-quarter. Further, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily meaningful. Moreover, our operating results may not meet the expectations of our equity research analysts or investors. If this occurs, the trading price of our common stock could fall substantially, either suddenly or over time.

Our business is sensitive to the strength of the United States consumer market to a meaningful extent and changes in consumer spending and economic conditions could adversely affect our business.

The strength of the U.S. economy has a significant impact on our performance. We are dependent on discretionary spending, which is affected by, among other things, unemployment rates, economic and political conditions worldwide, consumer confidence, energy and gasoline prices, interest and mortgage rates, the level of consumer debt and taxation, and financial markets, which are all outside of our control. A continuing softening of demand, whether caused by changes in customer preferences or a weakening of the U.S. or global economies, may result in decreased revenue. We believe we have sustained a decline in the sales of our products in part due to the factors mentioned above, and any continued economic downturn or uncertainties in the U.S or in other parts of the world could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

Demand for our products is highly seasonal and dependent on weather conditions, which could result in significant variations in our inventory levels, financial condition and operating results.

Weather and other conditions can materially impact the demand for our products. Demand for our air quality products primarily occurs during the summer months and demand for our essential oils, kitchen appliances and accessories primarily occurs during the fall and holiday season. Natural disasters (such as wildfires, hurricanes and ice storms), public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), or an unusually mild or short summer season may result in unanticipated material fluctuations in consumer demand. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating history makesresults, financial condition, and cash flows.

If we are unable to manage our inventory effectively, our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows could be adversely affected.

In the past, we have not always accurately forecasted consumer demand for our products resulting in inventory shortages, excess inventory write offs and lower gross margins. We are exposed to significant inventory risks that have or may adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows as a result of seasonality, new product launches, rapid changes in product cycles and pricing, defective merchandise, shrinkage, changes in customer demand and consumer spending patterns, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products, spoilage, adverse actions taken by marketplaces to remove our products, and other factors. Demand for products can change significantly between the time inventory is ordered and the date of sale. In addition, when we begin selling a new product, it may be difficult to assessestablish vendor relationships, determine appropriate product or component selection, and accurately forecast demand. We carry a broad selection of products and at times we are unable to sell our future performance. You should considerproducts in sufficient quantities or to meet demand during the relevant selling seasons. Any one of the inventory risk factors set forth above may adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

Increased costs of raw materials, energy, labor, transportation and platform fees charged by marketplaces may adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospectscash flows.

Significant increases in lightthe cost and/or reductions in the availability of raw materials, energy, labor, transportation, and increases in tariffs and platform fees charged by marketplaces have negatively impacted our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows and may continue to negatively impact such items in the risksfuture. Our contract manufacturers purchase significant amounts of metals, plastics and difficulties weother materials to manufacture our products. In addition, they also purchase significant amounts of electricity to supply the energy required in their production processes. Global political instabilities may encounter. 

Our future success will dependresult in large part uponhigher metal, plastic, electric, transportation and product costs, or could impair our ability to among other things:

In addition, there continuesobtain products at marketable rates or at all. We are heavily dependent on inbound sea, rail and truck freight. Disruptions in the global supply chain and freight networks, has, and may continue to belimit inbound and outbound shipment capacity and increase our cost of goods sold and certain operating expenses. Further, the marketplaces on which we sell our products charge fees for selling, storage, advertising and fulfillment, all of which have historically increased competitionand we expect will continue to increase. The cost of raw materials, energy, labor, transportation, and the platform fees charged by marketplaces in all aspectsthe aggregate, represents a significant portion of our industry. cost of goods sold and certain other operating expenses, which are not within our control and we have had limited success passing these on to customers. Our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows could be adversely affected by future increases in any of these costs. Additionally, the loss or disruption of essential manufacturing and supply elements such as raw materials or other finished product components, restricted transportation or increased freight costs, reduced workforce, or other manufacturing and distribution disruption could adversely impact our ability to meet our customers’ needs. Furthermore, it is not practical for us to mitigate our exposure to, nor are we able to accurately project the possible effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results due to our constantly changing exposure to various foreign currencies and the difficulty in predicting fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar.

We continue to see money raised by competitorsdepend on third-party suppliers for all of our products, most of which are located in our space. We are also seeing manufacturers sellingAsia, and any inability or delay in obtaining products that compete with ours andfrom such manufacturers typicallysuppliers could have a pricing advantage over us.material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flow.

We are dependent on third-party suppliers such as contract manufacturers and third-party logistics providers and carriers for the manufacturing and distribution of our products and any disruption to our supply chain, even for a relatively short period of time, could cause a loss of revenue, which could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. Our ability to select reliable suppliers that provide timely deliveries of quality products will impact our success in meeting customer demand. Further, for a number of our significant products, we only have a single-source of supply (such as for certain dehumidifiers) and in general we do not have contracts with our contract manufacturers covering costs and production that we believe we can enforce without undue effort or cost. Any supplier’s inability or unwillingness to timely deliver products that meet desired specifications or any unanticipated changes in suppliers could be disruptive and costly and it is unlikely that we will be able to effect alternative arrangements on a timely basis, or in the case of manufacturing certain of our significant operational exposure relatingproducts, at all. Any significant failure by us to obtain quality products, in sufficient quantities, on a timely basis, and at an affordable cost or any significant delays or interruptions of supply would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

As most of our product suppliers are based in China, our business is subject to additional risks including, among others: currency fluctuations; labor unrest; potential political, economic and social instability; restrictions on transfers of funds; import duties and quotas; changes in domestic and international customs and tariffs, including embargoes and customs restrictions; uncertainties involving the costs to transport and warehouse products due to the COVID-19 pandemicdynamic nature of the global supply chain; unexpected changes in regulatory environments; regulatory issues involved in dealing with foreign suppliers and related supply chain issuesin exporting and the impactimporting products. The foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

A significant majority of our revenue results from this in combination with the impactsales of Russia’s invasion of Ukraineproducts on Amazon’s U.S. Marketplace and any change, limitation, or restriction on our ability to operate on Amazon’s platform could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

A substantial percentage of our revenue is from sales of products on Amazon’s U.S. marketplace and we are subject to Amazon’s terms of service (“ToS”) and various other Amazon seller policies. Amazon has the right to terminate or suspend our ability to sell on its platform at any time and for any reason. Amazon may also take other actions against us such as suspending or terminating our seller accounts or product listings and withholding payments owed to us indefinitely. From time to time in the past, we have experienced such adverse actions for products we have launched and products we have acquired and we can provide no assurance that we will be able to comply with Amazon's ToS. Further, in the event any of our seller accounts or product listings are suspended, or our product listings are required to be changed, for noncompliance or any other reason, our reinstatement efforts may take significant time and attention or could fail, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects. 

The COVID-19 pandemiccash flows. In addition, Amazon has impacted us in numerous ways since the first quarter of 2020made, and we believe itexpect will continue to affect our business moving forward.  

Amongst other things, it has affected our efficiency and abilitymake, changes to launch new products, replenish inventory for existing products, forecast demand for our products, ship into or receive inventory in our third-party warehouses, andits platform that could require us to ship or sell products to customers. In addition, the majority of our personnel are currently working remotely, which creates challenges in the way we operate our business, including with respect tochange the manner in which we monitor the quality of our products.

If any of our key personnel contracts COVID-19, this could affectoperate, limit our ability to executesuccessfully market existing products and to launch new products or increase our operations. In addition,costs to operate. Such changes and the efforts required to maintain compliance therewith could have an adverse effect on our operationsbusiness, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. Examples of past changes from Amazon have included platform fee increases (i.e., storage, advertising, fulfillment and selling commissions), inventory warehouse limitations, restrictions on certain marketing activities and changes to listing requirements that limit the variations of products that can be included in a single listing. Any change, limitation or restriction on our ability to sell on Amazon’s platform, even if temporary, could have a material impact on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. We also rely on third-partiesservices provided by Amazon’s fulfillment platform, including its Prime badge program, in which Amazon guarantees expedited shipping of products we sell to manufacturethe consumer, an important factor in the consumer’s buying decision. Further, Amazon allows us to fulfill from our products,own third-party warehouses directly to provide logistics and warehousing services andcustomers under the same Prime badge guarantee. Amazon may at any time decide to facilitatediscontinue allowing us to fulfill sales of our products and accordingly we rely on the business continuity plans of these third parties to continue to operate during the pandemic and have limited to nodirectly from our warehouse network or limit our ability to influence their plans. 

Furthermore, global financial marketsadvertise on our product listings that such products will receive expedited shipping under its Prime badge program. Any such inability or limitation, could be significantly affected ashave a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The U.S., U.K., and the EU governments, among others, have developed coordinated sanctions and export control measure packages including comprehensive financial sanctions against major Russian banks (including SWIFT cut off).

Due to the uncertainty as to the severity and duration of the pandemic, and the impact and extent of Russian aggressiveness thematerial impact on our future revenues, profitability, liquidity, financial condition, business, and results of operations, is uncertainfinancial condition, and cash flows. We have historically experienced Amazon’s removal of the Prime badge guarantee from certain of our seller accounts and in those cases we have had limited success having the Prime badge guarantee reinstated in a timely manner or at this time.all.

Our Credit Facility contains various restrictions and covenants that could limit our operating flexibility and we may be unable to refinance or repay our Credit Facility. We continue to take steps to preservealso rely on credit export insurance for our liquidity and capital resources through various actionsvendors in China, the unavailability of which include delaying and negotiating the delay of payments to certain vendors. The effect of such actions could have ana material adverse impact on our business, includingoperating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

On December 22, 2021, we obtained a revolving credit facility from Midcap Funding IV Trust (the “Credit Facility”). Our Credit Facility contains covenants and other restrictions that, among other things, requires us to satisfy certain liquidity and borrowing availability tests, restricts our relationshipsability to execute M&A transactions and to incur additional indebtedness. These restrictions and covenants, and those in other future financing arrangements, may limit our ability to respond to market conditions, to provide for capital investment needs or to take advantage of business opportunities.

On February 23, 2024, the Company amended the Credit Facility to extend the term to December 2026 and provide us with these vendors. For example, payment delaysaccess to $17 million in current commitments which can be increased, subject to certain conditions, to $30.0 million. 

There is no guarantee that we will be available to repay or refinance our Credit Facility. Further, at any time, if we violate the terms of the Credit Facility, we may not be able to obtain a waiver from our manufacturing vendors in China during April 2020

had resulted inlender under satisfactory terms, or at all, which would limit our operating flexibility and/or liquidity and which could have a temporary loss ofmaterial adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

We also rely on the availability of export credit insurance from the China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (“Sinosure”), a Chinese state-owned enterprise, that provides export credit insurance to our manufacturing vendors. Ascontract manufacturers. From time to time, our contract manufacturers have experienced reductions in the availability of the datesuch credit from Sinosure as a result of this Annual Report, Sinosure has reinstated thisour failure to timely pay them. While we currently believe our contract manufacturers have insurance toat levels that we believe are sufficient to fund our operations.

Sales and operating results have become more difficult to forecast due to the pandemic and we may suffer from future inventory shortages. This makes it more difficult for us to appropriately plan our expenses. We base our current and future expense levels primarily on our operating forecasts and estimates of sales.  We mayoperations, there can be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in sales, whether due to lack of inventory or otherwise, and if actual results differ from our estimates, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted.  

We may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate.

Our recent revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Specifically, our net revenue increased by 33.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. As we grow our business, our revenue growth rates may slow in future periods due to a number of reasons, which may include our inability to successfully launch new products that reach our sustain phase and to keep those products in the sustain phase, as well as the maturation of our business. In fact, we have paused the launch of new products. Our revenue growth rates may also slow in future periods to the extent we are unable to identify and complete acquisitions, or are unable to maintain or grow revenues from such businesses after closing an acquisition. We can provide no assurance that we will continue to be able to maintain or sustain the same levels of historic revenue growth.

We may decide to delay certain investments in order to more quickly achieve profitability, and while such decisions may accelerate net revenue and profitability on a short-term basis, we can provide no assurance that we will continue to be able to maintain or sustain the same levels of historic revenue growth. In addition, we may focus on product opportunities that have larger addressable markets but require increased levels of marketing investment and we can provide no assurances that such a shiftinsurance will be successful.

In addition, in the year ended December 31, 2021,available at levels we experienced an increase in net revenue in part due to the shift by consumers to online shopping as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. While we expect this shift to continue, we can provide no assurance that this shift will continue in the near or longer term or continue with respect to the products we offer.

We may be limited by our ability to raise the funding we need to support our growth or to maintain our existing business. Also such funding may be available only by diluting existing stockholders. 

The success ofrequire for our business, depends, in part, on our ability to invest significant resources in research, development of our proprietary technology platform, and product development, including through acquisitions. To support our business growthor at all, whether or not we may require additional funds to maintain, grow and respond to business challenges. Accordingly, we need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, we expect our existing stockholders to suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. The debt we may incur in order to obtain these funds may negatively impact our financial conditions or operating results.

Any debt financing secured by us in the future would require the consent of our existing lenders, and also could involve restrictive covenants relatingmake timely payments to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters,vendors, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, we may not be able to continue to acquire the financing needed in order to pursue future acquisitions or similar transactions or we may not be able to raise sufficient equity or equity-like capital without first seeking stockholder approval, which could limit our ability to complete such financing, or to complete any related transaction on a timely basis.

We also may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to maintain, grow and respond to business challenges would be significantly limited, and our business and prospects could fail or be adversely affected.

If we are unable to manage our inventory effectively, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. 

To ensure timely delivery of products, we generally issue purchase orders to contract manufacturers. As a result, we are vulnerable to demand and pricing shifts and to suboptimal selection and timing of product purchases. In the past, we have not always predicted the appropriate demand for our products by consumers with accuracy, which has resulted in inventory shortages, excess inventory write offs and lower gross margins. We rely on our procurement team to order products and we rely on our data analytics to decide on the levels and timing of inventory we purchase, including when to reorder items that are selling well and when to write off items that are not selling well. We rely on our contract manufacturers who are often responsible for conducting a number of traditional operations with respect to their respective products, including maintaining raw materials and inventory for shipment to us. In these instances, we

may be unable to ensure that these suppliers will continue to perform these services to our satisfaction in a manner that provides our customer with an appropriate brand experience or on commercially reasonable terms. If so, our business, reputation and brands could suffer. If our sales and procurement teams do not accurately predict demand or if our algorithms do not help us reorder the right products or write off the right products timely, we may not effectively manage our inventory, which could result in inventory excess or shortages, and our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. 

Given the long lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect to continue experiencing inventory shortages and our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Risks associated with the suppliers from whom our products are sourced could materially adversely affect our financial performance as well as our reputation and brand. 

Our ability to develop and maintain relationships with reputable suppliers and offer high quality products to our customers is critical to our success. If we are unable to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers that would allow us to offer a sufficient amount and variety of quality products on acceptable commercial terms, our ability to satisfy our customers’ needs, and therefore our growth prospects and financial performance, would be materially adversely affected. 

If our supplies are faced with severe negative economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed elsewhere in these Risk Factors they may be forced to reject our purchase orders or only accept a smaller portion of such purchase orders.

In addition, we are unable to predict whether any of the countries in which our suppliers’ products are currently manufactured or may be manufactured in the future will be subject to trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments or the likelihood, type or effect of any such restrictions. Any event causing a disruption or delay of imports from suppliers with international manufacturing operations, including the imposition of additional import restrictions, restrictions on the transfer of funds or increased tariffs or quotas, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of merchandise available to our customers and materially adversely affect our financial performance as well as our reputation and brand. In addition, we may not be able to shift production for our products to other countries not subject to tariffs or other disruptions or be able to obtain competitive pricing and sufficient quality. Furthermore, some or all of our suppliers’ foreign operations may be adversely affected by political and financial instability, resulting in the disruption of trade from exporting countries, restrictions on the transfer of funds or other trade disruptions. 

We rely on our technology, including AIMEE, to operate our business and to maintain our competitiveness, and any failure or reduction in the capability of our technology or reduction in the amount of data provided by third parties, the loss of which could limit the functionality of our technology, could harm our business. 

We depend on the use of our proprietary technology platform named AIMEE and other sophisticated information technologies and systems, including technology and systems used for websites and apps, customer service, logistics and fulfillment, supplier connectivity, communications and administration. Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are subject to rapid changes and our technology is yet to be fully automated. As our operations grow in size, scope and complexity, we will need to continuously improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to offer an increasing number of consumer-enhanced services, features and functionalities, while maintaining and improving the reliability and integrity of our systems and infrastructure. 

Our future success also depends on our ability to adapt our technology, our services and infrastructure, including our research, sales and marketing, and logistics and fulfillment platform, which leverages our technology, to meet rapidly evolving e-commerce trends and demands while continuing to improve our software’s performance, features and reliability. The emergence of alternative platforms may require us to continue to invest in new and costly technology. We may not be successful, or we may be less successful than our competitors, in developing technologies that operate effectively across multiple e-commerce platforms, which would negatively impact our business and financial performance. New developments in other areas, such as cloud computing providers, could also make it easier for competitors to enter our markets due to lower up-front technology costs. In addition, we may not be able to maintain our existing systems, replace or upgrade our current systems or introduce new technologies and systems as quickly or cost effectively as we would like. We expect to incur significant costs in the continued development of our technology’s functionality, and any failure to invest in and adapt to technological developments and industry trends may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, of operations, financial condition, and prospects. cash flows.

A

In addition, the Company has cash deposits at financial institutions in excess of the insured amount of $0.3 million by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Our efforts to grow our business through new products, marketplace and geographic expansion may not be successful and may place a significant majority ofstrain on our revenue is from sales of products on Amazon’s U.S. Marketplacemanagement and any change, limitation or restrictionoperational, financial and other resources.

Our long-term success depends on our ability to operatedevelop and commercialize a continuing stream of new products, to expand both to new marketplaces and geographies and to leverage new technologies we may incorporate into our business. We have entered and expect to continue to enter new product categories and both new marketplaces and geographies for which we have limited or no experience. In part we rely on Amazon’s platform could have a material adverse impactglobal reviews program for success in our international expansion. If that program were to be limited, reduced or discontinued, our international expansion would be negatively affected. Our efforts to grow our business results ofplace significant strain on our management, personnel, operations, systems, financial conditionresources, and prospects. 

A substantial percentage ofinternal financial control and reporting functions, among other things. We face the risk that we will be unable to disrupt incumbents and that our competitors will introduce new and better products that compete with us. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in successfully developing and commercializing new products on a continuing basis and new product launches may not deliver expected growth in sales or operating results. Any new product that we develop and market may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain defects, errors, quality or other issues, or may not achieve the market acceptance necessary to generate sufficient revenue is driven by sales on Amazon’s U.S. marketplace andor may never become profitable. If we are subjectunable to Amazon’s termsdevelop and introduce a continuing stream of service and various other Amazon seller policies and services that apply to third parties selling products on Amazon’s marketplace.

Amazon has the right to terminate or suspend its agreement with us at any time and for any reason. Amazon may take other actions against us such as suspending or terminating a seller account or product listing and withholding payments owed to us indefinitely. While we endeavor to materially comply with the terms of services of Amazon’s marketplace, we can provide no assurances that Amazon will have the same determination with respect to our compliance. 

In addition, Amazon can make changes to its platform that could require us to change the manner in which we operate, limit our ability to successfully launchcompetitive new products, or increase our costs to operate and such changes couldit may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, of operations, financial condition, and prospects. Examples of changes that could impact us relatecash flows. Our failure to platform fee charges (i.e., selling commissions), exclusivity, inventory warehouse availability, excluded products and limitations on sales and marketing.  Any change, limitation or restrictionsuccessfully execute on our ability to sell on Amazon’s platform, even if temporary, could have a materialgrowth initiatives can negatively impact on our business,financial results, of operations, financial condition, and prospects. 

While we do significant diligence for all of our acquisitions it is difficult to uncover all actions taken by previous owners, some of which may be against the terms of service of Amazon’s platforms and this could impact our ability to operate on Amazon and affect the benefit of the bargain we receive. For example, we have dealt with an issue from the Smash acquisition whereby the former owner's actions have caused us to lose reviews and access to certain inventory. While we are working with Amazon to resolve this issue, there can be no assurances any such actions will be successful and our financial operation conditions could be materially impacted.cash flows.

We also rely on services provided by Amazon’s fulfillment platform, including Prime Certification,may be unsuccessful in making investments and in making and integrating acquisitions or in maintaining or growing the financial performance of any investees or acquired businesses which provides for expedited shipping to the consumer, an important aspect in the buying decision for consumers. For products that we fulfill ourselves, we are qualified to offer our products for sale with Prime Certification delivery. Any inability to market our products for sale with expedited delivery provided under Prime Certification could have a material impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Failure to remain compliant with the best fulfillment practices on Amazon’s platform could have a material impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. In addition, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon has changed the amount of inventory it accepts per product for a period of time. If this were to continue it could cause us to miss sales and/or pay additional shipping costs which would harm our business operations and financial conditions.

Our business depends on our ability to build and maintain strong product listings on e-commerce platforms and to receive favorable customer reviews. If we receive negative reviews, customer complaints, negative publicity or otherwise fail to live up to expectations, it could materiallymay adversely affect our business and operating results of operations and growth prospects.

Customer complaints or negative publicity about our sites, products, delivery times, customer data handling and security practices, customer support or marketing strategies, even if not accurate, especially on Amazon’s marketplace, blogs, and social media websites could diminish consumers’ views of our product listings and result in harm to our brands. Even a small decrease in any of our product’s ratings onimpact the Amazon marketplace could cause such product to suffer substantial harm. Customers may also make safety-related or other claims regarding a product sold through our online retail partners, such as Amazon, which may result in any such online retail partner removing the product from its marketplace. We have from time to time experienced such removals and such removals may materially impact our financial results depending on the product that is removed and length of time that it is removed. 

Unfortunately, a significant portion of our perceived performance by each customer depends on third parties outside of our control, including suppliers and logistics providers who deliver our products. In addition to issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic as addressed above, we may be subject to manufacturing or shipping delays or disruptions caused by a number of factors, including inclement weather, earthquakes, blizzards, tornadoes, floods, power outages and other natural or man-made disasters, including those caused by climate change, labor or social justice activism, health epidemics, bioterrorism, acts of war or other political hostilities.  Because we rely on national, regional and local transportation companies for the delivery of some of our products, we are also subject to risks of breakage or other damage to our products during delivery by any of these third parties. We also use and rely on other services from third parties, such as our telecommunications services, and those services may be subject to outages and interruptions that are not within our control. If any of the foregoing occurs, it may impact our perceived performance and related reviews of our products, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and growth prospects.

Significant merchandise returns could harm our business. 

We allow our customers to return products, subject to our return policy. If merchandise returns are significant, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. Further, we may modify our policies relating to returns from time to time, which may result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of product returns. From time to time our products are damaged in transit, which can increase return rates and harm our brand. Our refund liability for sales returns was $0.5 million, and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which is included in accrued liabilities and represents the expected value of refunds that may be due to our customers. We have seen increased returns on certain SKUs and the e-

commerce economy globally has seen increased returns since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. If we experience significant product returns, we would incur significant expenses and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected. 

We may be unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire, retain and motivate qualified personnel, in part due to our use of stock-based compensation and the volatilityprice of our common stock and our business could be harmed. result in dilution to shareholders.

Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate

Acquisitions and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. The loss of one or moreinvestments are an important aspect of our key personnel or the inabilitygrowth strategy and we expect to promptly identify a suitable successorcontinue to a key role could have an adverse effect on our business. We do not currently maintain key-person life insurance policies on any member of our senior management teampursue brand and other key employees, except for our Founderstrategic acquisitions and Chief Executive Officer, Yaniv Sarig. 

Competition for well-qualified employeesinvestments. We have acquired a number of companies, and we may in all aspectsthe future acquire or invest in or enter into joint ventures with additional companies. Such acquisitions have in the past required, and in the future may require, the attention of our business,management in integrating those businesses including senior executives, software engineers and other technology professionals, is intense globally. We do not have long-term employment or non-competition agreements with anyincreased attention to managing the supply chain of our personnel. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate existing employees.  In particular, our software engineers and technology professionals are key to designing, maintaining and improving code and algorithms necessary to our business.certain acquisitions. In addition, we may experience employee turnover as a result ofhave been required to in the ongoing “great resignation” occurring throughout the U.S. economy, which has impacted job market dynamics. New hires require trainingpast, and take time before they achieve full productivity. New employees may not become as productive as we expect, and we may be unablerequired to hire or retain sufficient numbersin the future, make significant impairment charges relating to the goodwill and intangible assets of qualified individuals. Moreover, we use stock-based compensation as a method to attract, retain and motivate our employees, and if our common stock continues to be volatile, we may be unable to attract well-qualified employees or retain and motivate existing employees and key senior management at cost-effective compensation levels, and if this occurs, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be adversely affected. 

The terms of our Credit Facility contain restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.

On December 22, 2021, we entered into Credit and Security Agreement with Midcap Funding IV Trust, pursuant to which we received access to a $40.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility contains affirmative and restrictive covenants that limit our operating ability including to, among other things, transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens and enter into newsuch acquired businesses. The Credit Facility also contains affirmative and restrictive covenants that limit our ability including to, among other things, acquire other companies and modify organizational documents. We therefore may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of our lenders. In addition, the Credit Facility is secured by all of our inventory, and the Credit Facility requires us to satisfy certain covenants, including maintaining either a minimum amount of liquidity or a minimum amount of availability under the Credit Facility. There is no guarantee that we will be able to meet our covenants or pay the principal and interest on any such debt. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance any such debt. Any inability to make scheduled payments, meet the financial or other covenants in our Credit Facility would adversely affect our business. Further, at any time, if we violate the terms of the Credit Facility or otherwise fail to meet our covenants, we may not be able to obtain a waiver from the lenders under satisfactory terms, if at all, which would limit our operating flexibility and/or liquidity and which would have an adverse effect on our business and prospects.

We are evaluating acquisition targets in a challenging and evolving environment and, our ability to acquire targets at a low multiple may not be viable or suchmarket for acquisitions could divert our management’s attention.

Acquisitions are important to the success of our business and overall corporate strategy, and the inherent risks associated with these transactions have increased due to the global disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic which has affected our potential acquisition targets similarly to how it has affected us, as described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section.

Acquisitions of early stage brands may have benefits, such as smaller upfront purchase prices, but also have risks such as limited operating history, less experienced management teams and under-developed systems. As we continue to expand our business and invest in businesses of increasing size with higher performance levels and growing product portfolios, we may face increasing competition in our efforts. As a result of increased competition within the industry we operate, our ability to buy companies at a low multiple may not be viable. Through increased competition, the possibility that the cost of acquisitions may be driven up may adversely affect our long-term business strategy, financial condition and results of operations.

As our business continues to face changing technologies, shifting consumer demands, and frequent introduction of rival products, our success depends on our ability to invest in and adapt to new businesses.historically been highly competitive. Our growth strategy may be adversely affected if we fail to identify, or face increased competition for or fail to identify suitable acquisition targets.

In addition, pursuing or completing any such acquisitions or investments could divert our management’s attention, and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, and our financial condition.

Our efforts to expand our business into new brands, products, services, technologies,cash flows. Any acquisition or investment, if not favorably received by consumers, shareholders, analysts, and geographic regions will subject us to additional business, legal, financial and competitive risks and may not be successful. 

Our business success depends to some extent on our ability to expand our customer offerings by launching new brands, products and services and by expanding our existing offerings into new geographies. Our strategy is to use our proprietary software to determine which markets to enter and optimizeothers in the mix of products that we offer. Launching new brands, products and services requires significant upfront investments, including investments in marketing, information technology and additional personnel. We operate in highly competitive industries with relatively low barriers to entry and must compete successfully in order to grow our business. As our business expands into new industries, we may not be able to generate satisfactory revenue from these efforts to offset these upfront investments. Any lack of market acceptance of our efforts to launch new brands, products and services or to expand our existing offeringsinvestment community, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our business, prospects, financial condition and resultscommon stock. In addition, any acquisition involves numerous risks, including: failing to identify problems during due diligence, liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges that could cause a target to under-perform post-closing; difficulties in the assimilation of operations. Further, as we continue to expand our fulfillment capability or add new brands,the operations, technologies, products, and servicespersonnel associated with different requirements, our logistics networks will become increasingly complexthe acquisition and operating them will become more challenging. There can beunanticipated expenses related to such integration; challenges in integrating distribution channels; diversion of management's attention from other business concerns; difficulties in transitioning and preserving customer, contractor, supplier, and other important third-party relationships; challenges realizing anticipated cost savings, synergies and other benefits; the potential impairment of tangible and intangible assets and goodwill; risks of entering markets in which we have no assuranceor limited experience; risks associated with subsequent losses including potential unknown liabilities associated with a company we acquire; and problems retaining key personnel. We provide no assurances that we will be able to operate our networks effectively. We have also entered and may continue to enter new markets and provide product offerings in which we have limitedcomplete any acquisitions or no experience, which may not be successful or appealing to our customers. In addition, as we enter new markets certain employees are developing specific product level expertise. As discussed elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, we may have difficulty retaining such employees and if any of these employees with specific product level expertise leave us, we may face difficulties in maintaining or replacing such specific expertise. 

Our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers depends, in part, on our ability to enhance and improve our existing features, pinpoint new markets and introduce new products. We expend significant resources on research and development of our products in order to meet our customers’ rapidly evolving demands. The success of any enhancements or new features depends on several factors, including timely completion, adequate quality testing, actual performance quality, market-accepted pricing levels and overall market acceptance. We may not be successful in these efforts, which could result in significant expenditures that could impact our revenue or distract management’s attention from current offerings. 

Increased emphasis on the sale of new products or on acquisitions could distract us from focusing on sales of our existing products in existing markets, negatively affecting our overall sales. We have invested and expect to continue to invest in new businesses, products, features, services and technologies. Such endeavors may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including insufficient revenue from such investments to offset any new liabilities assumed and expenses associated with these new investments, inadequate return of capital on our investments, distraction of management from current operations and unidentified issues not discovered in our due diligence of such strategies and offerings that could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such investments and incur unanticipated liabilities. Because these new strategies and offerings are inherently risky, no assurance can be given that they will be successful. Our new features or enhancements could fail to attain sufficient market acceptance for many reasons, including: delays in introducing products in new or current markets; failure to accurately predict market demand or end consumer preferences; defects, errors or failures in our manufacturing; introduction of competing products; poor financial conditions for our customers or poor general macroeconomic conditions; changes in legal or regulatory requirements, or increased legal or regulatory scrutiny, adversely affecting our products; failure of our brand promotion activities or negative publicity about the performance or effectiveness of our existing features and products; and disruptions or delays in the online retailers and, or in addition to, logistics providers distributing our products. 

There is no assurance that we will successfully identify new opportunities or develop and bring new products to market on a timely basis, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results and compromise our ability to generate revenue. 

Expansion of our operations internationally requires management attention and resources, involves additional risks and may be unsuccessful. 

We have limited experience with operating internationally or selling our merchandise outside of the U.S., and as we expand internationally, we will need to adapt to different local cultures, standards and policies. The business model and technology we employ and the merchandise we currently offer may not be successful with consumers outside of the U.S. Furthermore, to succeed with consumers and clients in international locations, it may be necessary to locate fulfillment centers in foreign markets and hire local employees in those international centers, and we may have to invest in these facilities and personnel before proving we can

successfully run foreign operations. We may not be successful in expanding into international markets or in generating revenue from foreign operations for a variety of reasons, including: localization of our merchandise offerings and technology, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices; availability of certain technology features and availability of data, including at reasonable costs;  different consumer demand dynamics, which may make our business model, technology and the products we offer less successful compared to in the U.S.; competition from local incumbents that understand the local market and may operate more effectively; regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, trade sanctions and economic embargoes, tariffs, import and export quotas, custom duties or other trade restrictions or any unexpected changes thereto; laws and regulations regarding anti-bribery and anti-corruption compliance; differing labor regulations where labor laws may be more advantageous to employees as compared to the U.S. and increased labor costs; more stringent regulations relating to privacy and data security and access to, or use of, commercial and personal information; changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions, including changes to or limits on access to internet connectivity; and risks resulting from changes in currency exchange rates. 

If we invest substantial time and resources to establish and expand our operations internationally and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our operating results would suffer. 

We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, may decline in financial performance post closing and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results. 

We may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, features or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our market, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. In addition, to the extent that we enter into any term sheets or otherwise announce any intention to acquire any additional businesses, features or technologies, any such acquisition would generally be subject to completion of due diligence and required approvals, and would likely require additional financing, and there can be no assurance that any such acquisition will occur or be completed in a timely manner, or at all. There can also be no assurances that any acquired companiesbusinesses will experience the same or technologies will maintain the samebetter level of financial performance as prior to the acquisition and if that were to occur our business, financial condition and operations could be adversely affected.acquisition.

Any failure to successfully integrate our acquired businesses or any failure to maintain the same level or better financial performance may adversely affect our business and operations.

Over the past years, we have completed several acquisitions, and plan to continue making acquisitions in the future. We believe that acquisitions may further our growth strategy. In order to obtain the anticipated benefits associated with thesecomplete any future acquisitions, we willmay need to successfully integrate these businessesuse our cash on hand, and we will likely need to raise additional equity or incur or assume debt, any of which could harm our business, only be available on unfavorable terms, if at all, and result in an effectivesignificant additional dilution to our stockholders.

We may be unable to attract, retain or motivate key personnel, which could harm our business.

Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, motivate and efficient manner. If we acquire additional businesses, we may not be ableretain well qualified employees. Competition for well-qualified employees in all aspects of our business is intense globally. The loss of one or more of our key personnel or our inability to integrate the acquired personnel, operations, existing contracts and technologies successfully or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from any acquired business, duepromptly identify a suitable successor to a numberkey role, including through a succession plan, could have an adverse effect on our business. Each of factors, including: 

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of any business we acquire maymethod to attract, retain and motivate our employees. If our common stock continues to be allocated to acquired goodwill and intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns,volatile or depressed, we may be requiredunable to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.  There can also be no assurances that any acquired companies or technologies will maintain the same level of financial performance as prior to the acquisitionattract, retain and motivate employees, and if that were to occur our business, financial condition and operations could be adversely affected.

Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. If an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer. 

We are dependent on third-party manufacturers, most of which are located in China.

A substantial portion of our products are manufactured by unaffiliated companies that are located in China. This concentration of manufacturers in a single country exposes us to risks associated with doing business globally, including: changing international political relations; labor availability and cost; changes in laws, including tax laws, regulations and treaties; changes in labor laws, regulations and policies; changes in customs duties, additional tariffs and other trade barriers; changes in shipping costs; currency exchange fluctuations; local political unrest; an extended and complex transportation cycle; the impact of changing economic conditions; and the availability and cost of raw materials and merchandise. The political, legal and cultural environment in China and other nations is continuously evolving, and any change that impairs our ability to obtain products from manufacturers in that region, or to obtain products at marketable rates,this occurs, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. We rely on one large manufacturer for the manufacture of several of our products, including our dehumidifiers. If we were no longer able to maintain that relationship for any reason, we may not be able to timely find another manufacturer, specifically one that provides the same quality, which would negatively affect our business, sales and results of operations.

Our understanding with most of our suppliers do not provide for the long-term availability of merchandise or the continuation of particular pricing practices, nor do they usually restrict such suppliers from selling products to other buyers or directly to consumers themselves. There can be no assurance that our current suppliers will continue to sell us products on current terms or that we will be able to establish new or otherwise extend current supply relationships to ensure product acquisitions in a timely and efficient manner and on acceptable commercial terms.

Risks Relating to Intellectual Property and Cyber Security

Our use of open source software may pose particular risks to our proprietary software and systems. 

We use open source software in our proprietary software AIMEE, and other of our sophisticated information technologies and systems, and we expect to continue to use open source software in the future. We may use open source software that may require that source code that is developed using such open source software be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to such open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. From time to time, we may face claims from third parties claiming infringement. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, limit our use of or cease using the implicated software unless and until we can re-engineer such software to avoid infringement or change the use of the implicated open source software. These claims could also lead to deactivation of portions of our technology.

In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties, indemnities or other contractual protections with

respect to the software (for example, non-infringement or functionality). Our use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the source code for open source software is publicly available, which may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our sites and systems that rely on open source software. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. 

cash flows. We relydo not currently maintain key person life insurance policies on data provided by third parties, the loss or reduction of which could limit the functionalityany member of our platforms or disrupt our business.

We use our technology to determine market trends and what markets to enter into. Our ability to successfully use our technology depends on our ability to analyze and utilize data, including search engine results, provided by unaffiliated third parties, primarily, Google and Amazon. Some of this data is provided to us pursuant to third-party data sharing policies and terms of use, under data sharing agreements by third-party providers or by customer consent. The majority of this data is sourced for free or for de minimis amounts. Our technology sources significant amounts of data through application program interfaces (“APIs”) or through other standard data upload/download methods. This source of data allows us, leveraging our technology, to determine trends, performance and consumer sentiment on products and searches within e-commerce platforms. This functionality allows us to help determine which products to market, manufacture through contract manufacturers, import and sell on e-commerce marketplaces. The connection to multiple e-commerce platforms through APIs allows us to develop the automation of the purchase of marketing and to automate pricing changes on product listings on those e-commerce platforms. 

In the future, any of these third parties could change its data sharing policies, including making them more restrictive, charging fees or altering its algorithms that determine the placement, display and accessibility of search results and social media updates, any of which could result in the loss of, or significant impairment to, our ability to collect useful data. These third parties could also interpret our, or our service providers’, data collection policies or practices as being inconsistent with their policies, which could result in the loss of our ability to collect this data. Privacy concerns may cause end users to resist providing the personal data necessary to allow our proprietary software to determine market trends as well as our ability to effectively retain existing customers. Privacy advocacy groups and the technology and other industries are considering various new, additional or different self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on us. Any such changes could impair our ability to use data and could adversely impact select functionality of our proprietary software, impairing the ability to use this data to anticipate customer demand and market trends, as well as adversely affecting our business and our ability to generate revenue. 

Any significant disruption in service on our websites or apps or in our computer systems, a number of which are currently hosted or provided by third-party providers, could materially affect our ability to operate, damage our reputation and result in a loss of consumers, which would harm our business and results of operations. 

Our ability to sell and market our products relies on the performance and continued development of our technology. Our technology’s functionality, including its continued development, relies upon a number of third-party related services, including those relating to cloud infrastructure, technology services, servers, open source libraries and vendor APIs. Any disruption or loss of any of these third-party services could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. We may experience interruptions in our systems, including server failures that temporarily slow down or interfere with the performance of our platforms and the ability to sell on e-commerce marketplaces. Interruptions in these systems, whether due to system failures, human input errors, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins, or denial-of-service attacks on us, third-party vendors or communications infrastructure, could affect the availability of our services on our platform and prevent or inhibit our ability to sell our products. The volume of traffic and activity on e-commerce marketplaces spikes on certain days, such as on Amazon Prime Day, Black Friday and Cyber Monday, and any such interruption would be particularly problematic if it were to occur on such a high-volume day. Problems with the reliability of our systems or third-party marketplaces could prevent us from earning revenue and could harm our reputation. Damage to our reputation, any resulting loss of customers and e-commerce confidence and the cost of remedying these problems could negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. 

Our ability to maintain communications, network and computer hardware in the countries in which they are used may be subject to regulatory review and licensing in the future, and the failure to obtain any required licenses could negatively affect our business. Our systems and infrastructure are predominately reliant on third parties. Problems faced by our third-party service providers with the telecommunications network providers with whom they contract or with the systems by which they allocate capacity among their users, including us, could adversely affect the experience of our consumers. Our third-party service providers could decide to close their facilities without adequate notice. Any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy or reorganization, faced by our third-party service providers or any of the service providers with whom they contract may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. If our third-party service providers are unable to keep up with our needs for capacity, this could

have an adverse effect on our business. Any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our services could harm our reputation and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. 

Our failure or the failure of third parties to protect our sites, networks and systems against security breaches, or otherwise to protect our confidential information, could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and operating results. 

We collect, maintain, transmit and store data about our consumers, brands and others, including credit card information and personally identifiable information, as well as other confidential information. We also engage third parties that store, process and transmit these types of information on our behalf. We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties in an effort to securely transmit confidential and sensitive information, including credit card numbers. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in the whole or partial failure of this technology and may allow transaction data or other confidential and sensitive information to be breached or compromised. In addition, our brand’s e-commerce websites are often attacked through compromised credentials, including those obtained through phishing and credential stuffing. Our security measures, and those of our third-party service providers, may not detect or prevent all attempts to breach our systems, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks or disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in or transmitted by our websites, networks and systems that we or such third party service providers otherwise maintain, including payment card systems, which may subject us to fines or higher transaction fees or limit or terminate our access to certain payment methods. We and such third party service providers may not anticipate or prevent all types of attacks until after they have already been launched. Further, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers. In addition, security breaches can occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or unintentional breaches by our employees or by third parties. These risks may increase over time as the complexity and number of technical systems and applications we use also increases. 

Breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers or other cyber security incidents could result in unauthorized access to our sites, networks, systems and accounts; unauthorized access to, and misappropriation of, consumer information, including consumers’ personally identifiable information, or other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves or third parties; viruses, worms, spyware or other malware being served from our sites, networks or systems; deletion or modification of content or the display of unauthorized content on our sites; interruption, disruption or malfunction of operations; costs relating to breach remediation, deployment of additional personnel and protection technologies, response to governmental investigations and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third-party experts and consultants; or litigation, regulatory action and other potential liabilities. In the past, we have been the target of social engineering, phishing, malware and similar attacks and threats of denial-of-service attacks. While we have yet to experience any material adverse effects from these attempted attacks, such attacks in the future could have a material adverse effect on our operations. If any of these breaches of security should occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches, and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability. We cannot guarantee that recovery protocols and backup systems will be sufficient to prevent data loss. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increased costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees and engage third-party experts and consultants. 

We may experience periodic system interruptions from time to time. In addition, continued growth in our transaction volume, and surges in online traffic and orders associated with promotional activities or seasonal trends in our business, place additional demands on our marketplace platforms and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. If there is a substantial increase in the volume of traffic on our sites or the number of orders placed by customers, we will be required to further expand and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. There can be no assurances that we will be able to accurately project the rate or timing of such increases, if any, in the use of our sites and expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such increases on a timely basis. In order to remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our sites, which is particularly challenging given the rapid rate at which new technologies, customer preferences and expectations and industry standards and practices are evolving in the e-commerce industry. Accordingly, we redesign and enhance various functions on our sites on a regular basis, and we may experience instability and performance issues as a result of these changes. Our disaster recovery plan may be inadequate, and our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses that could occur. 

Any compromise or breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, could violate applicable privacy, data protection, data security, network and information systems security and other laws and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. We continue to devote significant resources to protect against

security breaches, and we may need to devote significant resources in the future to address problems caused by breaches, including notifying affected subscribers and responding to any resulting litigation, which in turn, may divert resources from the growth and expansion of our business. To date, we are not aware of any material compromises or breaches of our networks or systems. 

Assertions by third parties of infringement or misappropriation by us of their intellectual property rights or confidential know-how could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and results of operations. 

Third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, that we have infringed or misappropriated their trademarks, copyrights, confidential know-how, trade secrets, patents or other intellectual property rights. We cannot predict whether any such assertions or claims arising from such assertions will substantially harm our business and results of operations, whether or not they are successful. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or other claims relating to the trademarks, copyright, confidential know how, trade secrets, patents or other intellectual property rights of third parties, whether they are with or without merit or are determined in our favor, we may face costly litigation or diversion of technical andsenior management personnel. Furthermore, the outcome of a dispute may be that we would need to cease selling a product or use of some portion of our technology, develop non-infringing technology, pay damages, costs or monetary settlements or enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and we may be unable to successfully develop non-infringing technology. In addition, Amazon and other marketplaces may remove a product listing if they determine, whether or not accurate, that we are infringing on the intellectual property of others. Any assertions or litigation could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. 

The e-commerce industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights, which has resulted in protracted and expensive litigation for many companies. Some companies, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights and trademarks, which they may use to assert claims against us. In addition, because patent applications can take years to issue and are often afforded confidentiality for some period of time, there may currently be pending applications, unknown to us, that later result in issued patents that could cover one or more of our technologies. For example, the Company has received informal notice from a third-party alleging patent infringement with respect to certain paper transfer products sold by the Company.  The Company is in discussions with representatives of the third party to resolve the matter, does not believe it is infringing any active patents of the third party and intends to defend itself vigorously.

Certain third parties have substantially greater resources than we have and may be able to sustain the costs of intellectual property litigation for longer periods of time than we can. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. 

We could incur substantial costs in protecting or defending our intellectual property rights, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary methods, trademarks, domain names, copyrights, patents, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary technology and similar intellectual property, and we rely on trademark, copyright and patent law, trade secret protection, agreements and other methods with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. There can be no assurance that the particular forms of intellectual property protection that we seek and implement, including business decisions about when to file trademark applications and patent applications, will be adequate to protect our business. We intend to continue to file and prosecute patent applications when appropriate to attempt to protect our rights in our proprietary technologies. However, there can be no assurance that our patent applications will be approved, that any patents issued will adequately protect our intellectual property, that the scope of the claims in our issued patents will be sufficient or have the coverage originally sought, that our issued patents will provide us with any competitive advantages, or that such patents will not be challenged by third parties or found by a judicial authority to be invalid or unenforceable. 

We could be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, determine the validity and scope of our proprietary rights or those of others, or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation may fail, and even if successful, could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in a diversion of significant resources. Our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights or alleging that we infringe the counterclaimant’s own intellectual property. An adverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put our intellectual property at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put our related pending patent applications at risk of not being issued. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential or sensitive information could be compromised by disclosure in the event of litigation. During the course of litigation, there could be public announcements of the

results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. 

Any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative processes or litigation. Furthermore, there can be no guarantee that others will not independently develop similar products, duplicate any of our products or design around our patents. Despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon, misappropriating or otherwise violating our intellectual property rights and other proprietary rights. 

Risks Relating to Litigation and Government Regulation

We may be subject to general litigation, regulatory disputes and government inquiries. Any failure to comply with current laws, rules and regulations or changes to such laws, rules and regulations and other legal uncertainties may adversely affect our business, financial performance, results of operations or business growth.

As a growing company with expanding operations, we have in the past and may in the future increasingly face the risk of claims, lawsuits, government investigations and other proceedings involving competition and antitrust, intellectual property, privacy, consumer protection, accessibility claims, securities, tax, labor and employment, commercial disputes, services and other matters. The number and significance of these disputes and inquiries have increased as the political and regulatory landscape changes, and as we have grown larger and expanded in scope and geographic reach, and our services have increased in complexity.

For example, we are a party to various actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, certain of which are indicated below:

In September 2019, we received a Test Notice from the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) indicating that a certain dehumidifier model may not comply with applicable energy-conservation standards. The DOE requested that we provide it with several model units for DOE testing. If it is determined that we have violated certain energy-conservation standards, we could be fined pursuant to DOE guidelines, and this civil penalty may be material to our consolidated financial statements. We intend to vigorously defend ourselves. We have submitted to the DOE testing process, made a good-faith effort to provide necessary notice as practicable, and included in a formal response copy of the energy-efficiency report and certification that were issued for the dehumidifier model at the time of production. We believe this product is compliant, and we, in conjunction with our manufacturing partner, have disputed the Test Notice received from the DOE. 

In September 2019, we received notice from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) that certain of our products were identified by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (“AHAM”) as failing to comply with EPA ENERGY STAR requirements. For an appliance to be ENERGY STAR certified, it must meet standards promulgated by the EPA and enforced through EPA-accredited certification bodies and laboratories. We believe that our products are compliant, and we, in conjunction with our manufacturing partner, have disputed the AHAM testing determination pursuant to EPA guidelines. While a resolution remains pending, we are not selling or marketing the products identified by the EPA. We cannot be certain that these products will eventually be certified by AHAM and the EPA, and we may incur costs that cannot presently be calculated in the event that we need to make changes to the manner in which these products are manufactured and sold.

In April 2020, we received notice from the EPA with respect to regulatory compliance and advertising associated with certain of our dehumidifier products. We believe that our products and the associated advertising are compliant, and we are currently in discussions with the EPA to resolve the matter. The EPA had placed a hold on the sale of certain of our dehumidifier inventory while it reviewed the matter with us. As of October 2020, we are able to resume selling the products identified by the EPA, and discussions are continuing with the EPA. No penalty has been assessed by the EPA or communicated to us. If we receive a similar notice from the EPA in the future with regards to regulatory compliance of any of our other products, the EPA may place a hold on the sale of our products while it reviews an open matter with us.

On May 13, 2021, a securities class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by Andrew Tate naming our company, Yaniv Sarig and Fabrice Hamaide as defendants. On June 10, 2021, a substantially similar securities class action complaint was filed in the same court by Jeff Coon against the same defendants. Thereafter, other stockholders asserted similar claims. On August 10, 2021, the court appointed Joseph Nolff as the lead plaintiff of the putative class action, and on October 12, 2021, he filed an amended complaint, (i) adding Arturo Rodriguez as a defendant, (ii) asserting violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and (iii) claiming that the defendants made false and materially misleading statements and failed to disclose material adverse facts regarding our business, operations, and prospects and that this was revealed on May 4, 2021, when Culper Research published a report allegedly exposing these alleged misrepresentations and omissions. The lead plaintiff has since filed two further amended complaints repeating substantively the same allegations. The Company recently reached an agreement in principle to resolve this action on March

10, 2022 for $1.3 million, subject to negotiation of a formal memorandum of understanding, the execution of final settlement documents, and court approval. If that process does not succeed, the Company is prepared to continue the full defense of this action.

On October 21, October 25 and November 10, 2021, three shareholder derivative actions were filed on behalf of our company by Shaoxuan Zhang, Michael Sheller and Tyler Magnus in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. These actions, collectively, name Yaniv Sarig, Fabrice Hamaide,Arturo Rodriguez, Greg B. Petersen, Bari A. Harlam,Amy von Walter, William Kurtz, Roi Zion Zahut, Joseph A. Risico, Tomer Pascal and Mihal Chaouat-Fix as individual defendants, and our company as a nominal defendant. These actions are predicated on substantively the same factual allegations contained in the above-described securities class action and assert that the individual defendants (i) breached their fiduciary duties, (ii) misused their authority, (iii) were unjustly enriched and (iv) wasted corporate assets. The action filed by Michael Sheller also alleges that individual defendants Sarig and Hamaide are liable for contribution pursuant to Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act in the event we are held liable in the shareholder derivative action. The action filed by Shaoxuan Zhang alleges analogous liability on the part of Sarig, Hamaide and Rodriguez. Finally, the action filed by Shaoxuan Zhang also alleges that individual defendants Sarig, Harlam, Kurtz, Petersen and von Walter are liable for violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act. We believe the allegations are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against these actions. The parties to these actions have agreed to stay this action pending resolution of the Securities Class Action and given the tentative resolution of the Securities Class Action the Company intends to engage with the parties for a resolution of these matters following finalization of that settlement. However, the outcome of these legal proceedings are currently uncertain. 

On September 20, 2021, Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund Ltd. (“Sabby”) sued our company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, alleging that we breached the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 10, 2021 (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which Sabby purchased 400,000 shares of our common stock, for an aggregate price of approximately $6 million. Sabby contends that certain of the representations and warranties made by us in the Purchase Agreement concerning our financial condition and the accuracy of our prior disclosures were untrue and that we breached the Purchase Agreement’s anti-dilution and use-of-proceeds covenants on both August 9, 2021 and September 23, 2021, when we resolved certain defaults with High Trail. We intend to vigorously defend against this action, and, on December 15, 2021, we filed a motion to dismiss, which was fully briefed as of February 11, 2022. 

In October 2021, the Company received a class action notification and pre-lawsuit demand letter demanding corrective action with respect to the marketing, advertising and labeling ofcertain products under the Mueller Austria brand. The letter claims that Aterian marketed, advertised, and labeled the products with representations that create the false impression they are made in Austria. The Company intends to vigorously defend against this potential action, which has not reached the stage of litigation yet. The parties are proceeding to mediation in an attempt to reach a reasonable resolution, however the outcome is uncertain at this point. Based on information available to the Company at present, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss for this potential action We cannot predict the outcome of this dispute with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, these can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

On February 24, 2022, the Company received a notice disputing the Company’s calculation of the earn-out payment to be paid to Josef Eitan and Ran Nir pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement (the “PPD Stock Purchase Agreement”), dated as of May 5, 2021, by and among the Company, Truweo, LLC, Photo Paper Direct Ltd, Josef Eitan and Ran Nir. The Company is in discussions with representatives of Josef Eitan and Ran Nir to resolve the matter as required pursuant to the terms of the PPD Stock Purchase Agreement, however the Company believes its calculations are accurate and intends to vigorously defend itself.

The Company has received informal notice from a third-party alleging patent infringement with respect to certain paper transfer products sold by the Company.  The Company is in discussions with representatives of the third party to resolve the matter, does not believe it is infringing any active patents of the third party and intends to defend itself vigorously.

Determining reserves for any litigation is a complex, fact-intensive process that is subject to judgment calls. It is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments, fines or penalties or to settle claims or proceedings, any of which could harm our business. These proceedings could also result in reputational harm, criminal sanctions, consent decrees or orders preventing us from offering certain products or services or requiring a change in our business practices in costly ways or requiring development of non-infringing or otherwise altered products or technologies. Litigation and other claims and regulatory proceedings against us could result in unexpected expenses and liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Our business and financial performance could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in or interpretations of existing laws, rules and regulations or the promulgation of new laws, rules and regulations applicable to us and our businesses, including those relating to the internet and e-commerce, internet advertising and price display, consumer protection, anti-corruption, antitrust and competition, economic and trade sanctions, energy usage and emissions, tax, banking, data security, network and information systems

security, data protection and privacy. As a result, regulatory authorities could prevent or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities or otherwise penalize us if our practices were found not to comply with applicable regulatory or licensing requirements or any binding interpretation of such requirements. Unfavorable changes or interpretations could decrease demand for our products or services, limit marketing methods and capabilities, affect our margins, increase costs or subject us to additional liabilities. 

If our products experience any recalls, product liability claims, or government, customer or consumer concerns about product safety or other consumer protection issues, our reputation, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. 

Our products are subject to regulation by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and similar state and international regulatory authorities, and such products sold on our platform could be subject to involuntary recalls and other actions by these authorities. Concerns about product safety including concerns about the safety of products manufactured in developing countries, could lead us to recall selected products. Recalls and government, customer or consumer concerns about product safety could harm our reputation and reduce sales, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We may be subject to product liability claims if people or property are harmed by the products we sell. Some of the products we sell may expose us to product liability claims or other consumer protection issues and litigation (including class actions) or regulatory action relating to safety, personal injury, and death or environmental or property damage.  Although we maintain liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all. In general, our agreements with members of our supply chain do not indemnify us from product liability for a particular product, and some members of our supply chain may not have sufficient resources or insurance to satisfy their indemnity and defense obligations. 

If further tariffs or other restrictions are placed on imports from China or any negative trade measures are taken by China, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. 

We purchase a substantial portion of our products from unaffiliated manufacturers that are located in China. This concentration exposes us to risks associated with doing business globally, including changes in tariffs. The Office of the United States Trade Representative previously identified certain Chinese imported goods for additional tariffs to address China’s trade policies and practices. These tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Additionally, the Biden administration has canceled tariff exclusions that provided tariff relief to certain products and has yet to signal whether it will reinstate such exclusions or further alter existing trade agreements and terms between China and the U.S., including limiting trade with China, adjusting the current tariffs on imports from China and potentially imposing other restrictions on exports from China to the U.S. Consequently, it is possible that tariffs may be imposed on products imported from foreign countries, including China, or that our business will be affected by retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs. This may cause us to raise prices or make changes to our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. 

We are subject to U.S. governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity. 

We collect personally identifiable information and other data from our consumers and prospective consumers. We collect this info automatically through the automated sales processes with e-commerce marketplaces. We, at times, may use this information to provide, support, expand and improve our business, customer service and tailor our marketing and advertising efforts. 

Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, such as the FTC, and various state, local and foreign agencies. Our data handling also is subject to contractual obligations and industry standards. 

The U.S. federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of data relating to individuals, including the use of contact information and other data for marketing, advertising and other communications with individuals and businesses. In the U.S., various laws and regulations apply to the collection, processing, disclosure and security of certain types of data. Additionally, the FTC and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws as imposing standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The laws and regulations relating to privacy and data security are evolving, can be subject to significant change and may result in ever-increasing regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. 

In the U.S., federal and various state governments have adopted or are considering laws, guidelines or rules for the collection, distribution, use and storage of information collected from or about consumers or their devices. For example, California recently passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), effective as of January 1, 2020, which introduced substantial changes to privacy law for businesses that collect personal information from California residents. The CCPA has been amended several times, and will be significantly updated from the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”), a ballot initiative that passed in November 2020. Effective in most material aspects starting on January 1, 2023, the CPRA’s amendments to the CCPA will expand California residents’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information and give California residents’ a right to opt out of the sharing of certain personal information for targeted online advertising. The CPRA also created a new state agency vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. Virginia also recently enacted a CCPA/CPRA-like law, the Virginia Consumer Data Privacy Act, to provide its residents with similar rights. Additionally, the FTC and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws, to impose standards for the online collection, use and dissemination of data. Furthermore, these obligations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other requirements or our practices. 

Many data protection regimes apply based on where a consumer is located, and as we expand and new laws are enacted or existing laws change, we may be subject to new laws, regulations or standards or new interpretations of existing laws, regulations or standards, which could require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with rapidly evolving privacy or security laws, such as the Personal Information Security Specification in China (the “China Specification”), policies (including our own stated privacy policies), legal obligations or industry standards or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other consumer data may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation (including consumer class actions), fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our consumers to lose trust in us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We handle credit card and other personal information, and, as such, are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to the protection of personal data, privacy and information security in certain countries where we do business and there has been and will continue to be a significant increase globally in such laws that restrict or control the use of personal data. 

Due to the sensitive nature of such information, we have implemented policies and procedures to preserve and protect our data and our customers’ data against loss, misuse, corruption, misappropriation caused by systems failures, unauthorized access or misuse. Notwithstanding these policies, we could be subject to liability claims by individuals and customers whose data resides in our databases for the misuse of that information. If we fail to meet appropriate compliance levels, this could negatively impact our ability to utilize credit cards as a method of payment, and/or collect and store credit card information, which could disrupt our business. 

In Europe, the data privacy and information security regime continues to evolve and is subject to increasing regulatory scrutiny. 

The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) implements stringent operational requirements for our use of personal data. These stringent requirements include expansive disclosures to our consumers about how we may use their personal data, increased controls on profiling customers and increased rights for customers to access, control and delete their personal data. In addition, there are mandatory data breach notification requirements and significantly increased penalties of the greater of €20 million or 4% of our global turnover for the preceding financial year. The U.K.’s Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018 apply to us as an online marketplace and place additional network and information systems security obligations on us, as well as mandatory security incident notification in certain circumstances with penalties of up to £17 million. 

In recent years, U.S. and European lawmakers and regulators have expressed concern over the use of third-party cookies and similar technologies for online behavioral advertising. To address these concerns, the GDPR set forth enumerated requirements as to how websites are meant to properly handle the collection and use of personal data gathered through cookies. Such regulations may have a negative effect on businesses, including ours, that collect and use online usage information for consumer acquisition and marketing, may increase the cost of operating a business that collects or uses such information and undertakes online marketing, may also increase regulatory scrutiny and may increase potential civil liability under data protection or consumer protection laws. 

We may incur substantial costs to comply with these regulations. The changes could require significant systems changes, limit the effectiveness of our marketing activities, adversely affect our margins, increase costs and subject us to additional liabilities. 

We are subject to stringent privacy regulations in China that are broader than those of our other operations. 

Although the China Specification is not a mandatory regulation, it nonetheless has a key role in relation to China’s Cyber Security Law in respect of protecting personal information in China. Furthermore, it is likely that the China Specification will be relied on by Chinese government agencies as a standard to determine whether businesses have abided by China’s data protection rules. The China Specification introduced many concepts and protection rules for personal information in China, such as “Data Controller” from GDPR. From a consent perspective the China Specification and GDPR are similar, but the China Specification has broadened the scope of personal sensitive information as compared to GDPR (including but not limited to phone number, transaction record and purchase history, bank account, browser history and e-ID info such as system account, email address and corresponding password) and thus, the application of explicit consent under the China Specification is more far reaching. Furthermore, under the China Specification, the Data Controller must provide the purpose of collecting and using personal information, as well as business functions of such purpose, and the China Specification requires the Data Controller to distinguish its core function from additional functions to ensure the Data Controller will only collect personal information as needed. Our failure to comply with the China Specification could result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. 

We are subject to risks related to climate change, including potentially increased legislative and regulatory burdens and changing customer preferences, and we may be subject to related lawsuits, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Climate change may increasingly drive change to existing or new legislation and regulations that may negatively impact our business and shape our customers’ preferences for the products we sell. Further, climate change may adversely impact the economy and changing economic conditions and consumer activity could reduce demand for our products. Fluctuations in weather can also affect demand for our products. For example, milder than normal weather can reduce demand for dehumidifiers and air conditioners. Severe weather or acts of nature, including hurricanes, winter storms, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters can stress systems, disrupt our operations and cause service outages, production delays and property damage that require incurring additional expenses. All of these factors could have an adverse impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We may also be subject to climate change-related lawsuits and any defense associated with such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations

Risks Relating to the Ownership of our Common Stock

We are an emerging growth company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors. 

We are an emerging growth company and, for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including: 

We intend to take advantage of these and other exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company”. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), we will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of:

●       the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more;

●       the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, or December 31, 2024;

●       the date on which we have issued, during the previous three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and

●       the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), (i.e., the first day of the fiscal year after we have (1) more than $700.0 million in outstanding common equity held by our non-affiliates, measured each year on the last day of our second fiscal quarter, (2) been public for at least 12 months, and (3) are not eligible to be deemed a “smaller reporting company” because we do not meet the revenue test of the definition of “smaller reporting company”, which includes an initial determination that our annual revenues are more than $100.0 million for the most recently completed fiscal year).

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive by our reliance on any of the exemptions afforded emerging growth companies. If some investors find our common stock less attractive because we rely on these exemptions, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and the market price of our common stock may be more volatile. 

In addition, under the JOBS Act, “emerging growth companies” can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption and, as a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period at any time, which election is irrevocable. 

Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company”, which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements (excluding the exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. 

Our share price has been very volatile. Market volatility may affect the value of an investment in our common stock and could subject us to litigation. 

Technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. There has been and could continue to be significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities. For example, our closing stock price ranged from approximately $2.15 to $47.66 per share from January 1, 2021 to March 15, 2022. The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control, including: 

Furthermore, in recent years, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies, and technology companies in particular. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our common stock. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could also harm our business. 

The concentration of our stock ownership will likely limit your ability to influence corporate matters, including the ability to influence the outcome of director elections and other matters requiring stockholder approval.

As of March 8, 2022, our executive officers, directors and the holders of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock in the aggregate beneficially own approximately 11.6% of our common stock. This concentrated control limits your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, will have significant influence over all matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Corporate actions might be taken even if other stockholders oppose them. Additionally, these stockholders may cause us to make strategic decisions or pursue acquisitions that could involve risks to you or may not be aligned with your interests. This concentration of ownership might also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company that other stockholders may view as beneficial. This control may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, as further described below, we have entered into voting agreements with a number of parties in connection with our initial public offering and in connection with acquisition transactions. We may elect to release one or more parties from voting agreements which could also limit your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future.

MV II, LLC, Dr. Larisa Storozhenko and Mr. Maximus Yaney (collectively, the “Designating Parties”) have entered into a voting agreement with us (the “Restated Voting Agreement”), pursuant to which each of the Designating Parties agreed to relinquish the right to vote their shares of capital stock of, and any other equity interest in, us (collectively, the “Voting Interests”) by granting our board of directors the sole right to vote all of the Voting Interests as the Designating Parties’ proxyholder. The Voting Interests include all shares of our common stock currently held by the Designating Parties, as well as any of our securities or other equity interests acquired by the Designating Parties in the future. Pursuant to the proxy granted by the Designating Parties, our board of directors is required to vote all of the Voting Interests in direct proportion to the voting of the shares and equity interests voted by all holders other than the Designating Parties. The proxy granted by the Designating Parties under the Restated Voting Agreement is irrevocable. In addition, the Restated Voting Agreement proxyholder may not be changed unless we receive the prior approval of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

The Restated Voting Agreement became effective on June 12, 2019, and it will continue until the earlier to occur of (a) a Deemed Liquidation Event unless, immediately upon such Deemed Liquidation Event, our common stock is and remains listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or (b) Mr. Yaney’s death. For purposes of the Restated Voting Agreement, a “Deemed Liquidation Event” means (i) the acquisition of us by another entity by means of any transaction or series of related transactions to which we are party other thana transaction or series of transactions in which the holders of our voting securities outstanding immediately prior to such transaction or series of transactions retain, immediately after such transaction or series of transactions, as a result of our shares held by such holders prior to such transaction or series of transactions, a majority of the total voting power represented by our outstanding voting securities or such other surviving or resulting entity; (ii) a sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets taken as a whole by means of any transaction or series of related transactions, except where such sale, lease or other disposition is to a wholly-owned subsidiary of us; or (iii) any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us, whether voluntary or involuntary;

however, a Deemed Liquidation Event shall not include any transaction effected primarily to raise capital for us or a spin-off or similar divestiture of our product or platform as a service business as part of a reorganization of us approved by our board of directors. In addition, the rights and obligations under the Restated Voting Agreement will terminate with respect to shares of capital stock sold by a Designating Party in connection with any arm’s length transaction to a third-party that is not a Designating Party, an affiliate of a Designating Partyteam or any other individual or party that has a direct or indirect familial relationship with any Designating Party.

On December 1, 2020, 9830 Macarthur LLC (“9830”), one of the sellers of the assets of the e-commerce business under the brands Mueller, Pursteam, Pohl and Schmitt and Spiralizer (the “Smash Assets”), entered into a lock-up, voting and standstill agreement with us, pursuant to which 9830 agreed that until December 1, 2025, 9830 will, among other things, vote at each annual or special meeting of our stockholders all shares of common stock held by 9830 in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors on each matter presented to our stockholders at such meeting.

As a result of our failure to timely file certain financial statements relating to the Smash Assets, we are currently ineligible to file new short form registration statements on Form S-3 or to have resale registration statements declared effective in a timely manner, which may impair our ability to raise capital on terms favorable to us, in a timely manner or at all, or in the case of resale registration statements, could result in an event of default under our credit facilities or a breach of existing obligations to stockholders with registration rights.

Form S-3 permits eligible issuers to conduct registered offerings using a short form registration statement that allows the issuer to incorporate by reference its past and future filings and reports made under the Exchange Act. In addition, Form S-3 enables eligible issuers to conduct primary offerings “off the shelf” under Rule 415 of the Securities Act. The shelf registration process, combined with the ability to forward incorporate information, allows issuers to avoid delays and interruptions in the offering process and to access the capital markets in a more expeditious and efficient manner than raising capital in a standard registered offering pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1. The ability to register securities for resale may also be limited as a result of the loss of Form S-3 eligibility.

The Securities and Exchange Commission rules required us to file certain financial statements relating to the Smash Assets (the “Smash Financial Statements”) no later than February 16, 2021, and we filed such financial statements on May 14, 2021. As a result of our failure to timely file the Smash Financial Statements, we are not currently permitted to use our existing registration statement on Form S-3. As a consequence, absent a waiver of the Form S-3 eligibility requirements, we are not permitted to sell all of the amount of our common stock or other securities we could otherwise sell until at least June 1, 2022, which could adversely affect our ability to run our operations and progress our product development programs. We also will not be permitted to conduct an “at the market offering” absent an effective primary registration statement on Form S-3.

A “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand for shares of our common stock that largely exceeds supply has led to, and may continue to lead to, extreme price volatility in shares of our common stock.

Investors may purchase shares of our common stock to hedge existing exposure or to speculate on the price of our common stock. Speculation on the price of our common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of shares of our common stock available for purchase on the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase shares of our common stock for delivery to lenders of our common stock. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of shares of our common stock until additional shares of our common stock are available for trading or borrowing. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.”

A large proportion of our common stock has been and may continue to be traded by short sellers which may increase the likelihood that our common stock will be the target of a short squeeze. A short squeeze has previously led and could in the future lead to volatile price movements in shares of our common stock that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects. Stockholders that purchase shares of our common stock during a short squeeze may lose a significant portion of their investment.

The estimates of market opportunity, market size and forecasts of market growth included in our publicly-filed documents may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. 

Market opportunity, size estimates and growth forecasts included in our publicly-filed documents are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. For example, several of the reports and data on which our estimates and forecasts are based rely on projections of consumer adoption and incorporate data from secondary sources such as company websites as well as industry, trade and government publications. 

Net revenue and operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume, timing and type of orders we receive, all of which are uncertain. We base our expense levels and investment plans on our estimates of total net revenue and gross margins using human judgment combined with our machine learning, natural language processing and data analytics. We cannot be sure the same growth rates, trends and other key performance metrics are meaningful predictors of future growth. If our assumptions and calculations prove to be wrong, we may spend more than we anticipate acquiring and retaining customers or may generate less net revenue than anticipated, any of which could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations. In addition, as we enter a new consumer product market, we may initially provide discounts to customers to gain market traction, and the amount and effect of these discounts may vary greatly. Finally, we are evaluating our total addressable market with respect to new product offerings and new markets. These estimates of total addressable market and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty, are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate and are based on data published by third parties that we have not independently verified. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasted in our publicly-filed documents, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. 

Our business is also affected by general economic and business conditions in the U.S., and we anticipate that it will be increasingly affected by conditions in international markets. In addition, we experience seasonal trends in our business, and our mix of product offerings is highly variable from day-to-day and quarter-to-quarter. Specifically, we have realized a disproportionate amount of our net revenue and earnings for prior fiscal years during warmer weather and summer seasons. If we experience lower than expected net revenue during these periods, it may have a disproportionately large impact on our operating results and financial condition for that year. In anticipation of increased sales activity during the third and fourth quarter, we may incur significant additional expenses, including additional marketing and additional staffing in our customer support operations. In addition, we may experience an increase in our net shipping costs due to complimentary upgrades, split-shipments and additional long-zone shipments necessary to ensure timely delivery for the holiday season. This variability makes it difficult to predict sales and could result in significant fluctuations in our net revenue from period-to-period. A significant portion of our expenses is fixed, and as a result, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in net revenue. Any failure to accurately predict net revenue or gross margins could cause our operating results to be lower than expected, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and stock price. 

Future sales and issuances of our capital stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause our stock price to decline. 

We may issue additional securities following the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock. Future sales and issuances of our capital stock or rights to purchase our capital stock could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders. We may sell common stock, convertible securities and other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, the ownership of existing stockholders will be diluted, possibly materially. New investors in subsequent transactions could also gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of existing holders of our common stock. 

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could reduce the prevailing market prices for our common stock. Substantially all of our outstanding common stock is eligible for sale as are shares of common stock issuable under vested and exercisable stock options. If our existing stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock, or the public market perceives that those existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly. Existing stockholder sales might also make it more difficult for us to sell additional equity securities at a time and price that we deem appropriate, or at all. 

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided, that, this provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. These choices of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. In addition, stockholders who do bring a claim in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware could face additional litigation costs in pursuing any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. Furthermore, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be

inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find the choice of forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. 

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits stockholders owning in excess of 15% of the outstanding combined organization voting stock from merging or combining with the combined organization. Although we believe these provisions collectively will provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove then-current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of management.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of us and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could significantly reduce the value of shares of our capital stock to a potential acquirer or delay or prevent changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. Our charter documents include the following provisions:

●a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors; 

●no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; 

●the exclusive right of our board of directors, unless the board of directors grants such right to the stockholders, to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; 

●the required approval of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote to remove a director for cause, and the prohibition on removal of directors without cause; 

●the ability of our board of directors to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of stockholders or a hostile acquirer; 

●the ability of our board of directors to alter our amended and restated bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval;

●the required approval of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote to adopt, amend or repeal our amended and restated bylaws or repeal the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation regarding the election and removal of directors;

●a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

●an exclusive forum provision providing that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for certain actions and proceedings;

●the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the board of directors, the chairperson of the board of directors, the chief executive officer or the president (in the absence of a chief executive officer) which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and

●advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

These provisions could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of us. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and cause us to take other corporate actions our stockholders desire.

Our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

We have $152.0$222.2 million net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2021,2023, which have a full valuation allowance against them. In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), a corporation that undergoes an ownership change, which is generally defined as a greater than 50-percentage-point cumulative change by value in the equity ownership of certain stockholders over a rolling three-year period, is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset post-change taxable income. Our existing NOLs may be subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and if we undergo an ownership change, our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited by Section 382 of the Code and similar state provisions. Future changes in our stock ownership, some of which may be outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. Furthermore, our ability to utilize NOLs of companies that we may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations. There is also a risk that due to regulatory changes, such as limitations on the use of NOLs, our existing NOLs could expire, decrease in value or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act resulted in a reduction in the economic benefit of the NOLs and other deferred tax assets available to us. For these reasons, we may not be able to realize a tax benefit from the use of our NOLs, even asif we attain profitability. We have not performed a detailed analysis to determine whether an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code has occurred. The effect of a Section 382 ownership change would be the imposition of an annual limitation on the use of net operating loss carryforwards attributable to periods before the change. Any limitation may result in expiration of all, or a portion of the NOLs or other tax attributes, such as research and development credit carryforwards, before utilization.

Accounting adjustments due to changes in circumstances or estimates may require us to write down intangible assets, such as goodwill and may have a material impact on our financial reporting and results

We engagedhave recently undergone a third-party valuation specialistmanagement change and reevaluated various aspects of our business including but not limited to assist in performing our goodwill test in December 2021. For goodwill, impairment testing is based upon the best information available using a combination of the discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach, and the guideline public company method, a form of the market approach.

Under the income approach, or discounted cash flow method, the significant assumptions used are projected net revenue, projected contribution margin (product operating margin before fixed costs), fixed costs, terminal growth rates and the cost of capital. Projected net revenue, projected contribution margin and terminal growth rates were determined to be significant assumptions because they are the three primary drivers of the projected cash flowsreduction in the discounted cash flow fair value model. Costnumber of capital is another significant assumption as the discount rate is used to calculate the current fair valueproducts we sell, a change in our technology infrastructure and a cost and a fixed cost reduction plan including a reduction in workforce;each of those projected cash flows. Under the guideline public company method, significant assumptions relate to the selection of appropriate guideline companies and the valuation multiples usedwhich, individually or in the market analysis.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates made are reasonable and appropriate, and changes in our assumptions and estimatesaggregate, could have a material impact on our reported financial results. In addition, sustained declines in our stock price and related market capitalization could impact key assumptions in the overall estimated fair values of our reporting unit and could result in non-cash impairment charges that could be material to our consolidated balance sheet or results of operations. We began to experience improvement in our operating marginsoperations, financial condition, and additional improvement in our products performance before the inclusion of fixed costs. These improvements, coupled with our acquisitions, supported our conclusion that we would generate significant improvements in the operating results. However, even with a sensitivity analysis on projected operating results, we still had significant excess fair-value over our carrying value. business.

Since December 31, 2020, we had an additional increase in the amount of goodwill through acquisitions made in 2021. Although we have experienced volatility in our share price and short-term forecasts, impacting our going concern analysis due lender covenant risks, we believe we have had no triggering events as our overall long-term forecasts remain materially the same as of December 31, 2021. However, if we continue to experience downward share price volatility or there are material reductions in long-term forecasts the excess fair-value over our carrying value could be reduced significantly and could lead to a triggering event and ultimately to a goodwill impairment charge. We performed a full step one impairment test at 12/31/2021 and concluded no impairment and that our estimated fair-values exceeded our carrying values by 21% as of

During the year-ended December 31, 2021. 

We2023, the Company implemented a strategy of rationalizing certain less profitable products and reducing its product offering. Further, on July 26, 2023, Yaniv Sarig resigned as CEO of Aterian, and Arturo Rodriguez and Joseph Risico were promoted to Co-CEOs of Aterian. As a result of this change in leadership, we enacted a number of strategic initiatives that could impact certain aspects of how we currently do business including a further rationalization of our product portfolio to improve our operations and potential future profitability, a change in our technology infrastructure and a reduction of our workforce . This reduction in our product portfolio has led to and will continue to closely monitor actual results versus expectations as well as whetherlead to a decline in revenue in upcoming quarters. Executing on any of these decisions is complex and entails a number of potential risks, including but not limited to what extent any significant changesuncertainties, disruptions and challenges in current events or conditions, including changes to the impacts of COVID-19 on our business resultand business model, a decline in corresponding changesrevenues and profitability, market share erosion, inventory write-offs and other restructuring related charges, impacts to our expectations about future estimated cash flows, discount ratesrelationships with our various vendors and market multiples. Ifcould potentially impact employee morale. Further, pursuing or completing any such strategic initiative could divert management’s attention, and otherwise disrupt our adjusted expectations of theoperations and technology platform which could adversely affect our operating results, do not materialize, if the discount rate increases (based on increases in interest rates, market rates of return or market volatility) or if market multiples decline, we may be required to record goodwill impairment charges, which may be material.

While we believe our conclusions regarding the estimates of fair value of our reporting units are appropriate, these estimates are subject to uncertaintyfinancial condition, and by nature include judgments and estimates regarding various factors. These factors include the rate and extent of growth in the markets that our reporting units serve, the realization of future sales price and volume increases, fluctuations in exchange rates, fluctuations in price and availability of key raw materials, future operating efficiencies and, as it pertains to discount rates, the volatility in interest rates and costs of equity. cash flows.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate whether factsRisks Relating to Information and circumstances indicateCyber Security

We rely on data provided by third parties and any impairmentloss, reduction in access or increased costs related thereto of the value of intangible assets. As circumstances change, we cannot assure you that the value of these intangible assets will be realized. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we will be required to write-off the impaired portion of goodwill, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We use a combination of technology in various aspects of our business including for new product launches, forecasting, fulfillment and the automation of sales and marketing of our products, among other things. Our ability to successfully use our technology depends to a large extent on our ability to analyze and utilize data, including search engine results, provided by unaffiliated third parties, primarily, Google and Amazon. In the future, these third parties could change their data sharing policies, including making them more restrictive or expensive, or could alter their algorithms, any of which could result in the loss of, or significant impairment to, our ability to analyze useful data. These third parties could also interpret our service providers’ data collection policies or practices as being inconsistent with their policies, which could result in the loss of our ability to collect and use this data.

Our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows could be adversely impacted if our information technology systems or those of third-parties become subject to a data security breach, are disrupted or cease to operate effectively.

We rely heavily on information technology systems to operate our business and we collect, maintain, transmit and store sensitive data including data about our consumers. We also engage and rely upon third parties who engage in the same activities on our behalf. Accordingly, it is vital to maintain constant operation of these systems and to maintain cybersecurity. Our systems and those of third parties that we use in our operations are vulnerable to security risks, including from viruses and worms, phishing attacks, social engineering, hacking, distributed denial-of-service attacks, ransomware, and similar disruptions from the unauthorized tampering with our servers and computer systems or those of third parties that we use in our operations, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical and sensitive data, and loss of consumer confidence. In addition, insider actors-malicious or otherwise-could cause technical disruptions and/or confidential data leakage. In addition, if a ransomware attack or other cybersecurity incident occurs, either internally or at our third-party technology service providers, we could be prevented from accessing our data or systems, which may cause interruptions or delays in our business operations, cause us to incur material remediation costs, and could subject us to demands to pay a ransom or damage our reputation. Our failure to prevent or mitigate data loss, theft, misuse, or other security breaches or vulnerabilities affecting our or our vendors’ technology and systems, could: expose us or our customers to a risk of loss, disclosure, or misuse of such information; result in litigation, fines, liability, or regulatory action (including under laws related to privacy, data use, data protection, data security, network security, and consumer protection); deter customers from using our stores to buy our products; and harm our business, operating results, financial condition and reputation. We use third party technology and systems for a variety of reasons, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, content delivery to customers, back-office support, hosting, payment processing and other functions. Despite our security efforts, some of our systems have experienced past security breaches, and, although they did not have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial results, there can be no assurance that future incidents, which we expect to have, will not have material adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition. For example, on April 25, 2022 we were alerted by a payment processor of a data security incident regarding one of our UK websites. This has not resulted in a material impact on our business. In addition, because the techniques, tools and tactics used in cyber-attacks frequently change and may be difficult to detect for periods of time, we may face difficulties in anticipating and implementing adequate preventative measures or fully mitigating harms after such an attack. It is possible for security vulnerabilities to remain undetected for an extended time period, up to and including several years as was the case in the prior non-material security breach identified in April 2022. The Company’s adoption of remote working, initially driven by the pandemic, may also introduce additional threats or disruptions to our information technology networks and infrastructure. Although we have developed systems and processes that we believe are reasonably designed to protect customer data and prevent such incidents, including systems and processes designed to reduce the impact of a security breach at a third-party vendor or customer, such measures cannot provide absolute security and may fail to operate as intended or be circumvented. In addition, our insurance may not provide sufficient coverage to compensate for related losses.

Additionally, we use open source software in our technology platform and our other sophisticated information technologies and systems, and we expect to continue to use open source software in the future. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties, indemnities or other contractual protections with respect to the software (for example, non-infringement or functionality). Our use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the source code for open source software is publicly available, which may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our sites and systems that rely on open source software.

Our information technology systems and those of our third parties may be vulnerable from time to time to damage, interruptions and other technical malfunctions including but not limited to breaches, human error, power outages, telecommunication or utility failures, systems failures, natural disasters or other catastrophic events. In addition, growth in our transaction volume or surges in online traffic place additional demands on our systems and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. If any such systems are damaged, or fail to function properly, we may have to make monetary investments to repair or replace the systems and could endure delays in operations. From time to time, we have experienced disruptions to our systems and we expect to continue to experience disruptions. Any material disruption or slowdown of such systems, including the failure to successfully upgrade systems, could have a material impact on many aspects of our operations including our ability to operate on e-commerce marketplaces. Such a loss or delay could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. Our systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient.

Risks Relating to the Litigation and Government Regulation

Claims, litigation, government investigations, product liability and recalls, and other proceedings may adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

We are, from time to time, involved in various claims, litigation matters and regulatory proceedings that could have a material adverse effect on us. These matters may include personal injury and other tort claims, deceptive trade practice disputes, intellectual property disputes, product recalls, contract disputes, employment and tax matters and other proceedings and litigation, including class actions lawsuits. It is not possible to predict the outcome of pending or future litigation and any such claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming and expensive, and may require the Company to incur substantial costs and divert the resources of management.

We face exposure to product liability and other claims in the event that one of our products is alleged to have resulted in property damage, bodily injury or other adverse effects. In addition, if we are required to, or voluntarily, repair, replace or refund one or more of our products, it could have a material impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and reputation.

In the summer of 2021, the Company received informal notice from a third-party alleging patent infringement with respect to certain transfer paper products sold by the Company.

In February 2022, the Company received a notice disputing the Company’s calculation of the earn-out payment to be paid to the prior owners of a transfer paper business acquired by the Company. A motion to compel arbitration was filed in the Southern District of New York on September 14, 2022, which was granted on May 18, 2023. The parties engaged an independent accountant to resolve the dispute, as required by the PPD Stock Purchase Agreement and the Southern District of New York. In February 2024, the independent accountant ruled in favor of the Company and determined that the Company owes no earn-out. Therefore, the Company believes it has no liability to the sellers.

Determining legal reserves or possible losses from claims against us involves judgment and may not reflect the full range of uncertainties and unpredictable outcomes. Until the final resolution of such matters, we may be exposed to losses in excess of the amount recorded, and such excess amounts could have a material effect on our business, results of operations, in the period infinancial condition, and cash flows. In addition, it is possible that a resolution of any claim, including as a result of a settlement, could require us to make substantial future payments, prevent us from offering certain products or services, or require us to change our business practices each of which the write-off occurs.could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

We must successfully manage compliance with current and expanding laws and regulations, as well as manage new and pending legal and regulatory matters in the U.S. and abroad.

We are subject in the ordinary course of our business, in the U.S. and internationally, to many statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations that, if violated by us or the third parties we work with, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. These laws and regulations include but are not limited to accounting and financial reporting, advertising, anti-bribery and anti-corruption, consumer protection, data security and privacy, electronic commerce, employment, intellectual property, product liability, and trade (including tariffs). In addition, increasing governmental and societal attention to environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters, including expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence and disclosure on topics such as climate change, waste production, water usage, human capital, labor and risk oversight, could expand the nature, scope and complexity of matters that we are required to control, assess and report, each of which can be challenging given our reliance on third party suppliers. These and other rapidly changing laws, regulations, policies and related interpretations as well as increased enforcement actions by various governmental and regulatory agencies, create challenges for us, including our compliance and ethics programs, may alter the environment in which we do business and may increase the ongoing costs of compliance, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. If we are unable to continue to meet these challenges and to comply with all laws, regulations, policies and related interpretations, it could negatively impact our reputation and our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. Additionally, we may in the future be subject to inquiries, investigations, claims, proceedings and requests for information from governmental agencies or private parties, the adverse outcomes of which could harm our business. Failure to successfully manage these new or pending regulatory and legal matters and to resolve such matters without significant liability or damage to our reputation may materially adversely impact our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. Furthermore, if new legal or regulatory matters result in fines or costs in excess of the amounts accrued to date, that may also materially impact our operating results and financial position.

U.S. government trade actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operation.

Over the past several years, the U.S. government has taken a number of trade actions that impact or could impact our operations, including imposing tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States. As the majority of our products are imported into the United States from China, many of our products are subject to the tariffs imposed under Section 301 of U.S. trade law that have been applied to separate lists of Chinese goods imported into the United States, beginning during the Trump Administration and continuing in the Biden Administration. A number of lawsuits and other legal challenges with respect to the Section 301 tariff actions have been filed and remain pending, which could result in changes to the tariffs. To date, the Biden Administration has effectively maintained and has continued to defend and to enforce these particular trade actions. We are continually evaluating the impact of the current and any possible new tariffs on our supply chain, costs and sales and are considering strategies to mitigate such impact, including reviewing sourcing options, filing requests for exclusion from the tariffs for certain product lines and working with our suppliers. We can provide no assurance that any strategies we implement to mitigate the impact of such tariffs or other trade actions will be successful. Given the uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of these trade actions by the U.S. government or other countries, as well as the potential for additional trade actions, the impact on our operations and results remains uncertain.

Risks Relating to the Ownership of our Common Stock

We are an “emerging growth company” and a "smaller reporting company" and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies and make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”), and we take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, we also take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This may make comparison of our financial statements with those of another public company that has complied with such new or revised accounting standards difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. We will lose our status as an emerging growth company no later than December 31, 2024.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited consolidated financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our common stock held by nonaffiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30 or (ii) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparisons of our consolidated financial statement with other public companies difficult or impossible.

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.

The market price and trading volume of our common stock has at times experienced substantial price volatility. There has been, and we expect will continue to be, significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of our common stock. In certain instances, these fluctuations have been unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance, financial condition, and cash flows. In addition, the market price of our common stock may be, and we believe has been, significantly impacted by investors covering large short positions in our common stock. In addition, there are many other factors that have caused and may continue to cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate, including: actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results, or the operating results, financial condition, and cash flows of companies perceived to be similar to us; deterioration and decline in general economic, industry and/or market conditions; changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by equity research analysts, including any decision by equity research analysts to initiate or discontinue coverage; announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic alliances or joint ventures; and changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt.

We may be limited by our ability to raise the funding we need to support our growth or to maintain our existing business. Also, such funding may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.

The success of our business depends in part on our ability to invest significant resources in various aspects of our business including acquisitions and other strategic investments. Our success also depends on our ability to grow through acquisitions. To support our business growth, we will likely require additional funds to maintain, grow and respond to business challenges. Accordingly, from time to time we need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, that would result in significant dilution to our existing stockholders, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt we may incur may negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results. We have in the past and may in the future incur debt that allows us to repay such debt using our common stock, which could result in significant dilution. Further, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, or at all, whether due to issues related to the Company or unrelated to the Company including but not limited to bank failures. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to grow or to respond to business challenges would be significantly limited, and our business could fail or our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, we may not be able to continue to acquire the financing needed in order to pursue future acquisitions or similar transactions or we may not be able to raise sufficient equity or equity-like capital without first seeking stockholder approval, which could limit our ability to complete such financing, or to complete any related transaction on a timely basis.

Future sales of our common stock by our insiders, or the perception that these sales may occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Our employees, directors and officers, and their affiliates, hold substantial amounts of shares of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of such shares by these stockholders, or the perception that such sales will occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Other than our stock ownership guidelines and our restrictions on trading that arise under securities laws (or pursuant to our securities trading policy that is intended to facilitate compliance with securities laws), including the prohibition on trading in securities by or on behalf of a person who is aware of nonpublic material information, we have no restrictions on the right of our employees, directors and officers, and their affiliates, to sell their unrestricted shares of common stock. Our officers and directors periodically sell shares of common stock to cover tax liabilities from prior restricted stock awards.

Future sales and issuances of our capital stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause our stock price to decline.

Future sales and issuances of our capital stock or rights to purchase our capital stock could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders. We may sell common stock, convertible securities and other debt or equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, the ownership of existing stockholders will be diluted, possibly materially. New investors in subsequent transactions could also gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of existing holders of our common stock. In addition, we issue to our employees equity awards under our equity incentive plans which could be material in amount.

If our existing stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock, or the public market perceives that those existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly. Existing stockholder sales might also make it more difficult for us to sell additional equity securities at a time and price that we deem appropriate, or at all.

There is no guarantee of a continuing public market for you to resell our common stock.

There is no guarantee that we will continue to meet all requirements for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

On April 24, 2023, we received a letter (the "Bid Price Notice") from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company is not currently in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the "Minimum Bid Price Rule"). The Bid Price Notice provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Bid Price Notice, or until October 23, 2023, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A). Following a request we made on October 13, 2023, on October 24, 2023, we received a letter from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, or until April 22, 2024, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid requirement.

The Bid Price Notice has no immediate effect on the continued listing status of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, and, therefore, our listing remains fully effective.

If at any time before April 22, 2024, the closing bid price of our common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, subject to Nasdaq’s discretion to extend this period pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(H) to 20 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide written notification that the Company has achieved compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, and the matter would be resolved.

The Company will continue to monitor the closing bid price of its Common Stock and seek to regain compliance with all applicable Nasdaq requirements within the allotted compliance period. If the Company does not regain compliance within the allotted compliance period, Nasdaq will provide notice that the Common Stock will be subject to delisting. The Company would then be entitled to appeal that determination to a Nasdaq hearings panel. There can be no assurance that the Company will regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement during the compliance period, or maintain compliance with the other Nasdaq listing requirements.

In the future, if our common stock remains below the continued listing standard of $1.00 per share or otherwise fails to satisfy any of the Nasdaq continued listing requirements, and if we are unable to cure such deficiency during any subsequent cure period, our common stock could be delisted from the Nasdaq. If our common stock ultimately were to be delisted for any reason, we could face a number of significant material adverse consequences, including limited availability of market quotations for our common stock; limited news and analyst coverage; decreased ability to obtain additional financing or failure to comply with the covenants with our current lenders; limited liquidity for our stockholders due to thin trading; and the potential loss of confidence by investors, employees and other third parties who we do business with.

In order to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule, we plan to effect a reverse split of our common stock which could impact the market price for our stock, limit our ability to raise capital or otherwise limit our ability to execute acquisition transactions and there is no assurance that the market price or trading volume for our common stock will not further decline after effecting such split.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

We have processes in place for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from potential unauthorized occurrences on or through our information systems that could adversely affect the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or the information residing on those systems. These include a wide variety of mechanisms, controls, technologies, methods, systems, and other processes that are designed to prevent, detect, or mitigate data loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized access, or other security incidents or vulnerabilities affecting the data. The data includes confidential, proprietary, and business and personal information that we collect, process, store, and transmit as part of our business, including on behalf of third parties. We also use systems and processes designed to reduce the impact of a security incident at a third-party vendor or customer, including assessment and monitoring of security standards and control procedures for external suppliers and vendors, with enhanced engagement or internal controls depending on the results of the assessment.

Additionally, we use processes to oversee and identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party technology and systems, including: technology and systems we use for encryption and authentication; employee email; content delivery to customers; back-office support; and other functions. As part of our risk management process, we conduct application security assessments, vulnerability management, security audits, and ongoing risk assessments. We also maintain a variety of incident response plans that are utilized when incidents are detected. We require employees with access to information systems, including all corporate employees, to undertake data protection and cybersecurity training and compliance programs annually. We have a unified and centrally coordinated team, led by our Chief Technology Officer and our General Counsel, that is responsible for implementing and maintaining centralized cybersecurity and data protection practices at Aterian in close coordination with senior leadership and other teams across Aterian. In addition to our in-house cybersecurity capabilities, at times we also engage assessors, consultants, auditors, or other third parties to assist with assessing, identifying, and managing cybersecurity risks. These third parties also consult on best practices to address new challenges upon request. Our cybersecurity risks and associated mitigations are evaluated by senior leadership, including as part of our risk assessments that are reviewed by the Audit Committee and our Board of Directors. As of the date of this report, the Company is not aware of any material risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Despite the extensive approach we take to cybersecurity, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on the Company or its stakeholders.

Additional information about cybersecurity risks we face is discussed in Item 1A of Part I, “Risk Factors,” under the heading “Risks Related to Information and Cyber Security,” which should be read in conjunction with the information above. The Audit Committee, which is comprised of independent directors, oversees our policies and procedures for protecting our cybersecurity infrastructure and for compliance with applicable data protection and security regulations, and related risks. The Audit Committee receives reports regarding such risks from management, including our Chief Technology Officer, and reports to the Board at least quarterly. The Audit Committee also oversees the Board’s response to any significant cybersecurity incidents. Our Chief Technology Officer, who has extensive cybersecurity knowledge and skills gained from over ten years working in the technology industry, heads the team responsible for implementing and maintaining cybersecurity and data protection practices at Aterian, working closely with our General Counsel who has a certification in Data Security and Privacy Policy from Cornell University. Both our Chief Technology Officer and General Counsel report directly to one of our co-CEOs.

Item 2. Properties.

As of December 31, 2021, we had offices, including shared workspaces, in seven locations.

Our New York office with approximately 5,200 square feet2023, our principal place of space is ourbusiness and corporate headquarters was our Summit, New Jersey office which is leased for a term of one year expiring April 2024. Our UK office is a building we own, and our China office is leased for a term of two years expiring April 2023. Our UK office is a building we own, our China office is leased for a term of three years expiring in May 2024 and our Poland office with approximately 5,000 square feet of space is leased through July 2023.2024. 

Our other offices are either shared workspaces or leases with a short-term commitment (month to month).

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations, primarily with respect to the sale of our consumer products. We believe that there are no pending lawsuits or claims that, individually or in the aggregate, may have a material effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’sRegistrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ATER”.

Holders of Record

As of December 31, 2021,2023, there were approximately 152136 holders of record of our common stock.

Stock Performance Graph

The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” nor to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filings under the Securities Act Many shares of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

The following graph shows a comparison of our cumulative total returns with those of the Russell 2000 Index and the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index. At this time, we cannot reasonably identify a comparable peer group due to the fact that the companies we consider to be our competitors encompass a vast range of companies, including traditional and non-traditional consumer good companies, discount stores, traditional retailers, the online platforms of these traditional retail competitors, independent retail stores and e-commerce companies, and most of our competitors are not publicly traded or of a similar market capitalization to ours. During 2021, we joined the Russell 2000 Index and thus, we consider the Russell 2000 Index to be our most comparable peer group index as it is comprised of companies with market capitalizations similar to our own. The graph assumes that the value of an investment in our common stock and in each such index was $100 on June 12, 2019,are held by brokerage firms, banks, other financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners. Accordingly, we are unable to estimate the datetotal number of our initial public offering, and that all dividends have been reinvested. The comparison in the graph below is based on historical data and is not intended to forecast the possible future performance of our common stock.

stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock.stock. We intend to retain any future earnings, if any, to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors or any authorized committee thereof after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors or such committee deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in our current or future financing instruments. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2021 and amended as of February 23, 2024, with Midcap Funding IV Trust as Agent (“MidCap”) and the

lenders party thereto, we are restricted from declaring any dividends or other distributions, subject to exceptions for certain of our subsidiaries.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

See Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report regarding information about securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On October 29, 2021, we entered into a consulting agreement with an advisory firm, pursuant to which the advisory firm agreed to provide us with certain management consulting, business and advisory services. As partial consideration for $0.2 million of the services, we issued the advisory firm 500,000 shares of our restricted common stock.

On November 18, 2021, we issued an aggregate of 1,408,242 restricted shares of our common stock to Healing Solutions, LLC and related individuals to settle our earn-out obligations in connection with our acquisition of the Healing Solutions Assets.

On December 30, 2021, we issued 15,000 restricted shares of our common stock to a consultant, Sam Appelbaum, as consideration for less than $0.1 million of services rendered.

The issuance of the foregoing securities was not registered under the Securities Act in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated by the SEC, and in reliance on similar exemptions under applicable state laws.

Item 6. ReservedNone

Purchase of Equity Securities

None

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual events or results may differ materially from our expectations. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied by our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth in Part I, “Item“Item 1A. Risk Factors”Factors” in this Annual Report. All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are based on information available to us as of the time we file this Annual Report and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a technology-enabled consumer products platformcompany that uses “data science” (which includes but is not limited to, machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics) to design, develop, market and sell products.  We were founded on the premise that if a company selling consumer packaged goods was founded today, it would apply data science, the synthesis of massive quantities of data and the use of social proof to validate high caliber product offerings as opposed to over-reliance on brand value and other traditional marketing tactics. Today, we predominantly operateoperates through online retail channels such as Amazon.com (“Amazon”)Amazon and Walmart, Inc.

We have launched and sold hundreds of SKUs on e-commerce platforms. Through the success of a number of those products we haveWalmart. The Company operates its owned brands, which were either incubated our own brands. We also haveor purchased, brands and products when we believe it is advantageous.  Today, we own and operate fourteen brands that sellselling products in multiple categories, including home and kitchen appliances, kitchenware, heating, cooling and air quality appliances, (dehumidifiers, humidifiers and air conditioners), health and beauty products and essential oils.

Our fourteenprimary brands include hOmeLabs; Vremi; Squatty Potty; Xtava; RIF6;hOmeLabs; Aussie Health; Holonix; Truweo; Mueller; Pursteam; Pohl and Schmitt; Spiralizer; Healing Solutions; and Photo Paper Direct.Direct "(PPD)". We generate revenue primarily through the online sales of our various consumer products with substantially all of our sales being made through the Amazon U.S. marketplace.

Seasonality of Business and Product Mix

Our individual product categories are typically affected by seasonal sales trends primarily resulting from the timing of the summer season for certain of our environmental appliance products and the fall and holiday season for our small kitchen appliances and accessories. With our current mix of environmental appliances, the sales of those products tend to be significantly higher in the summer season. Further, our essential oils, small kitchen appliances and accessories tend to have higher sales during the fourth quarter, which includes Thanksgiving and the December holiday season. As a result, our operational results, cash flows, cash and inventory positions may fluctuate materially in any quarterly period depending on, among other things, adverse weather conditions, shifts in the timing of certain holidays and changes in our product mix.

Each of our products typically goes through the Launch phase and depending on its level of success is moved to one of the other phases as further described below:

To date, our operating results have included a mix of products in the launch and sustain phases, and we expect such results to include a mix of products in all phases at any given period. Product mix can affect our gross profit and the variable portion of our sales and distribution expenses. Ultimately, we believe that the future cash flow generated by our products in the sustain phase will outpace the amount that we will reinvest into launching new products, driving net revenue and  profitability at the company level while we continue to invest in growth and technology. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicWe rely heavily on thea global supply chain we have been

forced to increase our inventory on hand to avoid disruption in sales. The unpredictability of container availability, space on vessels and shippingwhich the cost, lead times, and delays, as well as associated manufacturing lead time, has forcedglobal and geopolitical events can ultimately have a direct impact to our margins. Further, impacts on our supply chain may force us to securehold more inventory, upfront. Having more inventory on handwhich not only impacts ouraffects working capital but also requires us to increase our storage capacity, (warehouse network)through our warehouse network, which of itself has a capital impact.

The following table shows the number of launches of new products included in our net revenue that have achieved, or are expected to achieve, more than approximately $0.5 million in net revenue per year on average. 

Our growth in direct revenue can be impacted by the timing and the season in which products are launched as well as the impact of mergers and acquisitions.

Further due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the global supply chain, we have paused the launch of new products. The sharp increase in shipping costs has made our target competitive pricing difficult to achieve and the current unpredictability of container availability makes it more difficult for us to maintain the required inventory levels, which in turn makes the potential and profitable success of product launches even more difficult to achieve in this current environment. Furthermore, we have concerns about the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on our business including its effects on the global economy, supply chain and financial markets. We will continue to evaluate the impacts of this, in addition to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, on our business. 

Financial Operations Overview

Net Revenue—We derive our revenue from the sale of consumer products, primarily in the U.S. We sell products directly to consumers through onlineretail channels and through wholesale channels. Direct-to-consumer sales (i.e., direct net revenue), which is currently the majority of our revenue, is done through various online retail channels. We sell on Amazon.com, Walmart.com, and our own websites, with substantially all of our sales made through Amazon.com. For all of our sales and distribution channels, revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when our performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at the shipment date.

Cost of Goods Sold—Sold—Cost of goods sold consists of the book value of inventory sold to customers during the reporting period and the amortization ofinventory step-up from acquisitions. Book value of inventory includes the amounts we pay manufacturers for product, tariffs and duties associated with transporting product across national borders, and freight costs associated with transporting the product from our manufacturers to our warehouses, as applicable. Shrinkage costs are also recognized within the cost of goods sold. When circumstances dictate that we use net realizable value as the basis for recording inventory, we base our estimates on expected future selling prices, less expected disposal costs. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative has imposed additional tariffs on products imported from China. We contract manufacturers, predominantly in China, through purchase orders, for our consumer products. As such, this exposes us to risks associated with doing business globally, including changes in tariffs, which impact a significant number of our products. We can provide no assurances that future tariff increases will not be enacted. These increases may affect the way we order products, as well as the amount of product we order. If tariff increases are enacted in the future, our pricing actions are expected to be intended to offset the full gross margin impact from such tariffs.  Further, we have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and related global supply chain disruption. Together, these have led to substantial increases in the costs of our supply chain, specifically, the costs of shipping containers, which we rely on to import our goods. We have increased pricing, when possible, to offset the full gross margin impact which at times has led to reduced sales velocity on certain products at certain times of the year. There are no assurances that these pricing actions will not reduce customer orders in the future.

Expenses

Expenses:

Research and Development Expenses—Expenses—Research and development expenses include compensation and employee benefits for technology developmentemployees, travel-related costs and fees paid to outside consultants related to the development of our intellectual property.

Sales and Distribution Expenses—Expenses— Sales and distribution expenses consist of online advertising costs, marketing and promotional costs, sales and e-commerce platform commissions, fulfillment, including shipping and handling, and warehouse costs (i.e., sales and distribution variable expenses). Sales and distribution expenses also include employee compensation and benefits and other related fixed costs. Shipping and handling expenses are included in our consolidated statements of operations in sales and distribution expenses. This includes inbound, pick and pack costs and outbound transportation costs to ship goods to customers performed by e-commerce platforms or incurred directly by us, through our own direct fulfillment platform, which leverages AIMEEour technology platform and our third-party logistics partners. Our sales and distribution expenses, specifically our logistics expenses and online advertising, will vary quarter to quarter as they are dependent on our sales volume, our product mix (i.e., products in the launch phase or sustain phase) and whether we fulfill products ourselves, i.e., fulfillment by merchant (“FBM”), or through e-commerce platform service providers, i.e., fulfillment by Amazon (“FBA”) or fulfilled by Walmart (“WFS”). After a product launches and reaches the sustain phase, we seek to maintain the product within its targeted level of profitability. This profitability can be impacted as each product has a unique fulfillment cost due to its size and weight. As such, productsProducts with less expensive fulfillment costs as a percentage of net revenue may allow for a lower gross margin, while still maintaining their targeted profitability level. Conversely, products with higher fulfillment costs will need to achieve a higher gross margin to maintain their targeted level of profitability. We are FBM One Day and Two Day Prime certified, allowing us to deliver our sales through Amazon to approximately 76% of the U.S.,most customers within one day and to over 99% of the U.S. withinor two days, based on our sales history.days. We continually review the locations and capacity of our third-party warehouses to ensure we have the appropriate geographic reach, which helps to reduce the average last mile shipping zones to the end customer and as such our speed of delivery improves while our shipping costs to customers decrease, prior to the impacts on shipping providers’ rates.

General and Administrative Expenses—General and administrative expenses include compensation and employee benefits for executive management,finance administration, legal, and human resources, facility costs, insurance, travel, professional service fees and other general overhead costs, including the costs of being a public company.

Interest Expense, Net—Interest expense, net includes the interest cost from our credit facility and term loans, and includes amortization of deferredfinance costs and debt discounts from our credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with MidCap Funding IV Trust (“MidCap”) and our term loans with High Trail Investments SA LLC (“High Trail SA”) and High Trail Investments ON LLC (“High Trail ON” and, together with High Trail SA, “High Trail”).

Results of Operations

Comparison of Years-Ended December 31, 20202022 and 20212023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years-ended December 31, 20202022 and 2021, 2023, together with the changes in those items in dollars and percentage:

The following table sets forth the components of our results of operations as a percentage of net revenue:

Net Revenue

Revenue by Product Categories:

The following table sets forth our net revenue disaggregated by product categories:

Net revenue increased $62.1decreased $78.6 million, or 33.4%35.5%, during the year-ended December 31, 20212023 to $247.8$142.6 million, compared to $185.7$221.2 million for the year-ended December 31, 2020.  2022. The increasedecrease in net revenue was primarily attributable to an increasea decrease in direct net revenue of $71.6$75.8 million, or a 43.6% increase. 35.4% decrease, which was due to softness in consumer demand due to the current macroeconomic environment and due to competitive pricing pressure and other competitive dynamics on marketplaces, partially offset by liquidation of higher priced excess inventory during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Direct net revenue consists of both organic net revenue and net revenue from our mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”). For the year-ended December 31, 2021,2023, organic revenue was $118.4$138.2 million and revenue from our M&A businesses was $120.9$0.2 million. For the year-ended December 31, 2020,2022, organic revenue was $147.9$201.9 million and revenue from our M&A businesses was $16.3$11.5 million. Our organic