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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192021
or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-36124
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania46-2116489
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)
845 Berkshire Blvd., Suite 200
Wyomissing,, PA19610
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 610401-2900
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per shareGLPINASDAQ
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒   No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐   No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
☒Accelerated filer ☐Emerging growth company☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☒
As of June 30, 20192021 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $7.9$10.3 billion. Such aggregate market value was computed by reference to the closing price of the common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 28, 2019.30, 2021.

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of February 18, 202014, 2022 was 215,101,747.247,543,590.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 20202022 annual meeting of shareholders (when it is filed) will be incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


IMPORTANT FACTORS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Forward-looking statements in this document are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievementsTable of Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. ("GLPI") and subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning the Company's business strategy, plans, and goals and objectives.Contents
Forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our ability to grow our portfolio of gaming facilities and to secure additional avenues of growth beyond the gaming industry. In addition, statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "projects," "estimates," "plans," "may increase," "may fluctuate," and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "should," "would," "may" and "could" are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts. You should understand that the following important factors could affect future results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:
the availability of and the ability to identify suitable and attractive acquisition and development opportunities and the ability to acquire and lease the respective properties on favorable terms;

the degree and nature of our competition;

the ability to receive, or delays in obtaining, the regulatory approvals required to own and/or operate our properties, or other delays or impediments to completing our planned acquisitions or projects;

our ability to maintain our status as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"), given the highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist, where even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize REIT qualification and where requirements may depend in part on the actions of third parties over which the Company has no control or only limited influence;

the satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis in order for the Company to maintain its REIT status;

the ability and willingness of our tenants, operators and other third parties to meet and/or perform their obligations under their respective contractual arrangements with us, including lease and note requirements and in some cases, their obligations to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities;

the ability of our tenants and operators to maintain the financial strength and liquidity necessary to satisfy their respective obligations and liabilities to third parties, including without limitation to satisfy obligations under their existing credit facilities and other indebtedness;

the ability of our tenants and operators to comply with laws, rules and regulations in the operation of our properties, to deliver high quality services, to attract and retain qualified personnel and to attract customers;

the satisfaction of the loan made to Eldorado Resorts, Inc. ("Eldorado") by way of substitution of one or more additional Eldorado properties acceptable to Eldorado and the Company, which will be transferred to the Company;

the ability to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness;

the access to debt and equity capital markets, including for acquisitions or refinancing due to maturities;

adverse changes in our credit rating;

fluctuating interest rates and the potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021;

the impact of global or regional economic conditions;

the availability of qualified personnel and our ability to retain our key management personnel;

GLPI's obligation to indemnify Penn National Gaming, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Penn") in certain circumstances if the spin-off transaction described in Part 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K fails to be tax-free;

changes in the United States tax law and other state, federal or local laws, whether or not specific to real estate, REITs or to the gaming, lodging or hospitality industries;

changes in accounting standards;

the impact of weather events or conditions, natural disasters, acts of terrorism and other international hostilities, war or political instability;

other risks inherent in the real estate business, including potential liability relating to environmental matters and illiquidity of real estate investments; and

additional factors discussed in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this report.
Certain of these factors and other factors, risks and uncertainties are discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of this report. Other unknown or unpredictable factors may also cause actual results to differ materially from those projected by the forward-looking statements. Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond the control of the Company.
You should consider the areas of risk described above, as well as those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors," in connection with considering any forward-looking statements that may be made by the Company generally. The Company does not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless required to do so by law.



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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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IMPORTANT FACTORS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Forward-looking statements in this document are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. ("GLPI") and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning the Company's business strategy, plans, goals and objectives.
Forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the extent and duration of the economic disruptions related to the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (including variants thereof, "COVID-19") global pandemic on our tenants' operations and our taxable real estate investment trust ("REIT") subsidiaries' operations and statements regarding our ability to grow our portfolio of gaming facilities. In addition, statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "projects," "estimates," "plans," "may increase," "may fluctuate," and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "should," "would," "may" and "could" are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts. You should understand that the following important factors could affect future results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:
•The novel coronavirus COVID-19 had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our tenants' financial conditions and operations.As a result of the outbreak, our casino operations and those of our tenants were forced to close temporarily at the onset of the pandemic, as federal, state and local officials undertook various steps to mitigate the spread of infections from COVID-19.Although our tenants' operations have recommenced operations to strong results and our tenants have improved their liquidity profiles, there can be no assurance whether these encouraging results will continue in future periods, particularly with the potential for continued increased transmission from new strains of COVID-19;

•GLPI’s ability to successfully consummate the announced transactions with Cordish and Bally's, including the ability of the parties to satisfy the various conditions to closing, including receipt of all required regulatory approvals, or other delays or impediments to completing the proposed transactions;

•the impact that higher inflation rates and uncertainty with respect to the future state of the economy could have on discretionary consumer spending, including on casino operations;

•fluctuating interest rates, inflation, and the phasing out of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR");

•the current and uncertain future impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, including its effect on the ability or desire of people to gather in large groups (including in casinos), which could impact our financial results, operations, outlooks, plans, goals, growth, cash flows, liquidity, and stock price;

•unforeseen consequences related to United States government monetary policies and stimulus packages;

•the availability of and the ability to identify suitable and attractive acquisition and development opportunities and the ability to acquire and lease the respective properties on favorable terms;

•the degree and nature of our competition;

•the ability to receive, or delays in obtaining, the regulatory approvals required to own and/or operate our properties, or other delays or impediments to completing our planned acquisitions or projects;

•our ability to maintain our status as a REIT, given the highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist, where even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize REIT qualification and where requirements may depend in part on the actions of third parties over which the Company has no control or only limited influence;

•the satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis in order for the Company to maintain its REIT status;

•the ability and willingness of our tenants, operators and other third parties to meet and/or perform their obligations under their respective contractual arrangements with us, including lease and note requirements and in some cases, their obligations to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities;
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•the ability of our tenants and operators to maintain the financial strength and liquidity necessary to satisfy their respective obligations and liabilities to third parties, including, without limitation, to satisfy obligations under their existing credit facilities and other indebtedness;

•the ability of our tenants and operators to comply with laws, rules and regulations in the operation of our properties, to deliver high quality services, to attract and retain qualified personnel and to attract customers;

•the ability to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness;

•the access to debt and equity capital markets, including for acquisitions or refinancing due to maturities;

•adverse changes in our credit rating;

•the impact of global or regional economic conditions;

•the ability to attract qualified personnel and our ability to retain our key management personnel;

•changes in the United States tax law and other state, federal or local laws, whether or not specific to real estate, REITs or to the gaming, lodging or hospitality industries;

•changes in accounting standards;

•the impact of weather or climate events or conditions, natural disasters, acts of terrorism and other international hostilities, war or political instability;

•the historical financial statements included herein do not reflect what the business, financial position or results of operations of GLPI may be in the future;

•other risks inherent in the real estate business, including potential liability relating to environmental matters and illiquidity of real estate investments; and

•additional factors discussed in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this report.
Other unknown or unpredictable factors may also cause actual results to differ materially from those projected by the forward-looking statements. Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond the control of the Company.
You should consider the areas of risk described above, as well as those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors," in connection with considering any forward-looking statements that may be made by the Company generally. The Company does not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless required to do so by law.


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In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms "we," "us," "our," the "Company" and "GLPI" refer to Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS
Overview
GLPI is a self-administered and self-managed Pennsylvania REIT. The Company was formed from the 2013 tax-free spin-off of the real estate assets of Penn National Gaming, Inc. (NASDAQ: PENN) ("Penn")) and was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 13, 2013, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Penn. On November 1, 2013, Penn contributed to GLPI, through a series of internal corporate restructurings, substantially all of the assets and liabilities associated with Penn's real property interests and real estate development business, as well as the assets and liabilities of Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge) and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Perryville) (which are referred to herein as the "TRS Properties") and then spun-off GLPI to holders of Penn's common and preferred stock in a tax-free distribution (the "Spin-Off"). The assets and liabilities of GLPI were recorded at their respective historical carrying values at the time of the Spin-Off in accordanceSpin-Off. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of the Tropicana Las Vegas Casino Hotel Resort ("Tropicana Las Vegas"), elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a “taxable REIT subsidiary,” which together with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 505-60 - Spinoffs and Reverse Spinoffs. GLPI owns and operates the TRS Properties through its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary,and GLP Holdings, Inc.
The is the Company's TRS segment (the "TRS Segment"). Finally, in advance of our UPREIT transaction discussed below, the Company elected on its United States ("U.S.") federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a REITTRS effective December 23, 2021.
GLPI's primary business consists of acquiring, financing, and GLPI, together with GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly electedowning real estate property to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc.be leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements. Triple-net leases are leases in which the lessee pays rent to the lessor, as well as all taxes, insurance, utilities and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" ("TRS") effective onmaintenance expenses that arise from the first dayuse of the first taxable yearproperty. As of GLPI as a REIT. In connection with the Spin-Off, Penn allocated its accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) for periods prior to the consummation of the Spin-Off between Penn and GLPI. In connection with its election to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the year ended December 31, 2014, GLPI declared a special dividend to its shareholders to distribute any accumulated earnings2021, GLPI's portfolio consisted of interests in 51 gaming and profits relating torelated facilities, including Tropicana Las Vegas, the real property assetsassociated with 34 gaming and attributablerelated facilities operated by Penn, the real property associated with 7 gaming and related facilities operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation (NASDAQ: CZR) ("Caesars"), the real property associated with 4 gaming and related facilities operated by Boyd Gaming Corporation (NYSE: BYD) ("Boyd"), the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by Bally's Corporation (NYSE: BALY) ("Bally's), the real property associated with gaming and related facilities at Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland operated by The Cordish Companies ("Cordish") and the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by the Casino Queen Holding Company Inc. ("Casino Queen"). These facilities, including our corporate headquarters building, are geographically diversified across 17 states and contain approximately 27.6 million square feet. As of December 31, 2021, our properties were 100% occupied. We expect to any pre-REIT years, including any earningscontinue growing our portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.
Properties and profits allocated to GLPI in connection with the Spin-Off, to comply with certain REIT qualification requirements.Leases
Penn Master Lease
As a result of the Spin-Off, GLPI owns substantially all of Penn's former real property assets (as of the consummation of the Spin-Off) and leases back most of those assets to Penn for use by its subsidiaries pursuant to a unitary master lease (the "Penn Master Lease"). The Penn Master Lease is a triple-net operating lease, with an initialthe term of 15 years (expiringwhich expires October 31, 2028),2033, with no purchase option, followed by fourthree remaining 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Penn)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions.
Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, Boyd Master Lease and Belterra Park Lease
In April 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the real estate assets of Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc. ("Pinnacle") for approximately $4.8 billion. GLPI originally leased these assets back to Pinnacle, under a unitary triple-net lease, with an initialthe term of 10 years (expiringwhich expires April 30, 2026),2031, with no purchase option, followed by fivefour remaining 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Pinnacle)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions (the "Pinnacle Master Lease"). On October 15, 2018, the Company completed its previously announced transactions with Penn, Pinnacle and Boyd to accommodate Penn's acquisition of the majority of Pinnacle's operations, pursuant to a definitive agreement and plan of merger between Penn and Pinnacle, dated December 17, 2017 (the "Penn-Pinnacle Merger"). Concurrent with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Company amended the Pinnacle Master Lease to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd Gaming Corporation ("Boyd") (the "Amended Pinnacle Master Lease") and entered into a new unitary triple-net master lease agreement with Boyd (the "Boyd Master Lease") for these properties on terms similar to the
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Company’s Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Boyd Master Lease has an initial term of 10 years (from the original April 2016 commencement date of the Pinnacle Master Lease and expiring April 30, 2026), with no purchase option, followed by five 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Boyd)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. The Company also purchased the real estate assets of Plainridge Park Casino ("Plainridge Park") from Penn for $250.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes and added this property to the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was assumed by Penn at the consummation of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger. The Company also entered into a mortgage loan agreement with Boyd in connection with Boyd's acquisition of Belterra Park Gaming & Entertainment Center ("Belterra Park"), whereby the Company loaned Boyd $57.7 million (the "Belterra Park Loan"). In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to a long-term lease (the "Belterra Park Lease") with a Boyd affiliate operating the property.The Belterra Park Lease rent terms are consistent with the Boyd Master Lease. The annual rent is comprised of a fixed component, part of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities which is adjusted, subject to certain floors, every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of Belterra Park during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline.
In additionMeadows Lease
The real estate assets of the Meadows Racetrack and Casino are leased to Penn pursuant to a single property triple-net lease (the "Meadows Lease"). The Meadows Lease commenced on September 9, 2016 and has an initial term of 10 years, with no purchase option, and the acquisitionoption to renew for three successive 5-year terms and one 4-year term (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. The Meadows Lease contains a fixed component, subject to annual escalators, and a component that is based on the performance of Plainridge Park described above, onthe facility, which is reset every two years to an amount determined by multiplying (i) 4% by (ii) the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing two-year period. The Meadows Lease contains an annual escalator provision for up to 5% of the base rent, if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, which remains at 5% until the earlier of ten years or the year in which total rent is $31 million, at which point the escalator will be reduced to a maximum of 2% annually thereafter.

Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease

On October 1, 2018, the Company closed its previously announced transaction to acquire certain real property assets from Tropicana Entertainment Inc. ("Tropicana") and certain of its affiliates pursuant to a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the "Real Estate Purchase Agreement") dated April 15, 2018 between Tropicana and GLP Capital L.P. ("GLP Capital"), the operating partnership of GLPI, which was subsequently amended on October 1, 2018 (as amended, the "Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired the real estate assets of Tropicana Atlantic City, Tropicana Evansville,

Tropicana Laughlin, Trop Casino Greenville and the Belle of Baton Rouge (the "GLP Assets") from Tropicana for an aggregate cash purchase price of $964.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes (the "Tropicana Acquisition"). Concurrent with the Tropicana Acquisition, Eldorado Resorts, Inc. ("Eldorado")(now doing business as Caesars) acquired the operating assets of these properties from Tropicana pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 15, 2018 by and among Tropicana, GLP Capital, EldoradoCaesars and a wholly-owned subsidiary of EldoradoCaesars (the "Tropicana Merger Agreement") and leased the GLP Assets from the Company pursuant to the terms of a new unitary triple-net master lease with an initial term of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by four successive 5-year renewal periods (exercisable by Eldorado)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions (the "Eldorado"Caesars Master Lease"). Additionally,

On June 15, 2020, the Company amended and restated the Caesars Master Lease (as amended, the "Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease") to, (i) extend the initial term of 15 years to 20 years, with renewals of up to an additional 20 years at the option of Caesars, (ii) remove the variable rent component in its entirety commencing with the third lease year, (iii) in the third lease year, increase annual land base rent to approximately $23.6 million and annual building base rent to approximately $62.1 million, (iv) provide fixed escalation percentages that delay the escalation of building base rent until the commencement of the fifth lease year with building base rent increasing annually by 1.25% in the fifth and sixth lease year, 1.75% in the seventh and eighth lease years and 2% in the ninth lease year and each lease year thereafter, (v) subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, permit Caesars to elect to replace the Tropicana Evansville and/or Tropicana Greenville properties under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease with one or more of Caesars Gaming Scioto Downs, The Row in Reno, Isle Casino Racing Pompano Park, Isle Casino Hotel – Black Hawk, Lady Luck Casino – Black Hawk, Isle Casino Waterloo ("Waterloo"), Isle Casino Bettendorf ("Bettendorf") or Isle of Capri Casino Boonville, provided that the aggregate value of such new property, individually or collectively, is at least equal to the value of Tropicana Evansville or Tropicana Greenville, as applicable, (vi) permit Caesars to elect to sell its interest in Belle of Baton Rouge and sever it from the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease (with no change to the rent obligation to the Company), subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, and (vii) provide certain relief under the operating, capital expenditure and financial covenants thereunder in the event of facility closures due to pandemics, governmental restrictions and certain other instances of unavoidable delay.
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The effectiveness of the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease was subject to the review and approval of certain gaming regulatory agencies and the expiration of applicable gaming regulatory advance notice periods which conditions were satisfied on July 23, 2020. On December 18, 2020, the Company and Caesars completed an Exchange Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with subsidiaries of Caesars in which Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of Waterloo and Bettendorf in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville, plus a cash payment of $5.7 million. This resulted in a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment made.In connection with the Exchange Agreement, the annual building base rent was increased to $62.5 million and the annual land component was increased to $23.7 million.

Lumière Place Lease

On October 1, 2018 the Company entered into a loan agreement with EldoradoCaesars in connection with Eldorado’sCaesars’s acquisition of Lumière Place Casino ("Lumière Place"), whereby the Company loaned EldoradoCaesars $246.0 million (together with(the "CZR loan"). The CZR loan bore interest at a rate equal to (i) 9.09% until October 1, 2019 and (ii) 9.27% until its maturity. On the Tropicana Acquisitionone-year anniversary of the "Tropicana Transactions").
GLPI's primary business consistsCZR loan, the mortgage evidenced by a deed of acquiring, financing,trust on the Lumière Place property terminated and owning real estate property to be leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements. Triple-net leases are leases in which the lessee pays rent toloan became unsecured. On June 24, 2020, the lessor, as well as all taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance expenses that ariseCompany received approval from the useMissouri Gaming Commission to own the Lumière Place property in satisfaction of the property. AsCZR loan.On September 29, 2020, the transaction closed and we entered into a new triple net lease with Caesars (the "Lumière Place Lease") the initial term of which expires on October 31, 2033 with four separate renewal options of five years each, exercisable at the tenant's option.The Lumière Place Lease rent terms were adjusted on December 31, 2019, GLPI’s portfolio consisted1, 2021 such that the annual escalator is now fixed at 1.25% for the second through fifth lease years, increasing to 1.75% for the sixth and seventh lease years and thereafter increasing by 2.0% for the remainder of the lease.

Bally's Master Lease

On June 3, 2021, the Company completed its previously announced transaction pursuant to which a subsidiary of Bally's acquired 100% of the equity interests in 44 gamingthe Caesars subsidiary that currently operates Tropicana Evansville and related facilities, including the TRS Properties,Company reacquired the real property associated with 32 gaming and related facilities operated by Penn,assets of Tropicana Evansville from Caesars for a cash purchase price of approximately $340.0 million. In addition, the Company purchased the real property associatedestate assets of Dover Downs Hotel & Casino from Bally's for a cash purchase price of approximately $144.0 million. The real estate assets of these two facilities were added to a new triple net master lease (the "Bally's Master Lease") which has an initial term of 15 years, with 5 gamingno purchase option, followed by four five-year renewal options (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and related facilities operated by Eldorado,conditions.

Tropicana Las Vegas
On April 16, 2020, the real property associated with 4 gamingCompany and related facilities operated by Boyd (including one financed property) andcertain of its subsidiaries closed on its previously announced transaction to acquire the real property associated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for rent credits of $307.5 million, which were applied against future rent obligations due under the parties' existing leases during 2020. An affiliate of Penn continues to operate the casino and hotel business of the Tropicana Las Vegas pursuant to a triple net lease with GLPI for nominal rent for the earlier of two years (subject to three one-year extensions at the Company's option) or until the Tropicana Las Vegas is sold.
Morgantown Lease
On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits that were fully utilized by Penn in the fourth quarter of 2020.The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn for an initial term of 20 years, followed by six 5-year renewal options exercisable by the tenant (the "Morgantown Lease").

Casino Queen Master Lease

On November 25, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the operations of its Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen for $28.2 million (the "HCBR transaction"). This transaction closed on December 17, 2021 which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $6.8 million (loss of $7.7 million after tax) for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company retained ownership of all real estate assets at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and simultaneously entered into a triple net master lease with Casino Queen, which includes the Casino Queen property in East St. Louis Illinois.  These facilities, including our corporate headquarters building, are geographically diversified across 16 statesthat is currently leased by us to them and contain approximately 22.1the Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge facility ("Casino Queen Master Lease"). The lease has an initial term of 15
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years with four 5 year renewal options exercisable by the tenant. Additionally, the Company will complete the current landside development project that is in process and the rent under the Casino Queen Master Lease will be adjusted upon delivery to reflect a yield of 8.25% on GLPI's project costs. The Company will also have a right of first refusal with Casino Queen for other sale leaseback transactions up to $50 million square feet. Asover the next 2 years. Finally, in 2021, GLPI forgave the unsecured $13.0 million, 5.5 year term loan made to CQ Holding Company, Inc., an affiliate of Casino Queen, which had been previously written off in return for a one-time cash payment of $4 million which was recorded in provision for credit losses, net, for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021.

Perryville Lease

On December 15, 2020, the Company's properties were 100% occupied. We expectCompany announced that Penn exercised its option to continue growingpurchase from the Company the operations of our portfolio by pursuing opportunitiesHollywood Casino Perryville, located in Perryville, Maryland, for $31.1 million. The transaction closed on July 1, 2021 which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $15.6 million ($11.3 million after tax) for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company retained ownership of all the real estate assets of Hollywood Casino Perryville and simultaneously entered into a triple net lease with Penn (the "Perryville Lease").

Maryland Live! Lease and Pennsylvania Live! Lease

On December 6, 2021, the Company announced that it agreed to acquire additional gaming facilitiesthe real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, Live! Casino & Hotel Philadelphia, and Live! Casino Pittsburgh, including assignment of applicable long-term ground leases, from affiliates of Cordish for aggregate consideration of approximately $1.81 billion at deal announcement. The transaction also includes a binding partnership on future Cordish casino developments, whereby GLPI will invest in 20% of the Cordish portion of the equity in the project for a period of seven years following the closing of the acquisition of the Pennsylvania properties, as well as potential financing partnerships between the Company and Cordish in other areas of Cordish's portfolio of real estate and operating businesses. GLPI will enter into a new triple net lease master lease with Cordish for Live! Casino & Hotel Philadelphia and Live! Casino Pittsburgh (the "Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease"), and GLPI entered into a single asset lease for Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland (the "Maryland Live! Lease"). The Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease and the Maryland Live! Lease has or will have initial lease terms of 39 years, with a maximum term of 60 years inclusive of tenant renewal options. The annual rent for the Maryland Live! Lease is $75 million and for the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will be $50 million both of which have or will have a 1.75% fixed yearly escalator on the entirety of rent commencing on the leases' second anniversary. The Maryland Live! Lease became effective on December 29, 2021 and the Pennsylvania transactions are expected to leaseclose in early 2022, subject to gaming operators under prudent terms.the receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

Tax Status
We elected on our 2014In connection with the Spin-Off, Penn allocated its accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax returnpurposes) for periods prior to the consummation of the Spin-Off between Penn and GLPI. In connection with its election to be treatedtaxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the year ended December 31, 2014, GLPI declared a special dividend to its shareholders to distribute any accumulated earnings and profits relating to the real property assets and attributable to any pre-REIT years, including any earnings and profits allocated to GLPI in connection with the Spin-Off, to comply with certain REIT qualification requirements. We intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
Our TRS Properties areSegment is able to engage in activities resulting in income that is not qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within our TRS PropertiesSegment are subject to federal and state income taxes.
Tenants
As of December 31, 2019, 19 of the Company’s real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Penn under the Penn Master Lease, 12 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Penn under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, 5 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Eldorado under the Eldorado Master Lease and 3 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Boyd under the Boyd Master Lease. Penn, Eldorado and Boyd are leading, diversified, multi-jurisdictional owners and managers of gaming and pari-mutuel properties and established gaming providers with strong financial performance. Additionally, the real estate assets of the Meadows Racetrack and Casino (the "Meadows") are leased to Penn under a single property triple-net operating lease (the "Meadows Lease"). GLPI also leases the Casino Queen property back to its operator on a triple-net basis on terms similar to those in the master leases (the "Casino Queen Lease").

Guarantees
The obligations under the Penn and Amended Pinnacle Master Leases, as well as the Meadows Lease, the Perryville Lease, and Morgantown Lease are guaranteed by Penn and, with respect to each lease, jointly and severally by Penn's
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subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities covered by such lease. Similarly, the obligations under the EldoradoAmended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and the Bally's Master Lease are jointly and severally guaranteed by Eldoradothe corporate parent and by most of Eldorado'sthe parent's subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities leased under the EldoradoAmended and Restated Caesars Master Lease.Lease and Bally's Master Lease, respectively. The obligations under the Boyd Master LeasesLease are jointly and severally guaranteed by Boyd's subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities leased under the Boyd Master Lease. Similarly, the obligations under the Maryland Live! Lease are jointly and severally guaranteed by the Cordish subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities leased under the Maryland Live! Lease.

Rent

The rent structure under the Penn Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is prospectively adjusted, subject to certain floors (namely the Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course property due to Penn's opening of a competing facility) (i) every five years to an amount equal to 4% of the average net revenues of all facilities under the Penn Master Lease (other than Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo) during

the preceding five years in excess of a contractual baseline, and (ii) monthly by an amount equal to 20% of the net revenues of Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo during the preceding month.month in excess of a contractual baseline, although Hollywood Casino Toledo has a monthly percentage rent floor that equals $22.9 million annually due to Penn's 2019 purchase of a competing facility, the Greektown Casino Hotel in Detroit, Michigan.

Similar to the Penn Master Lease, each of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease Eldoradoalso includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is prospectively adjusted, subject to certain floors (namely the Bossier City Boomtown property due to Penn's acquisition of a competing facility, Margaritaville Resort Casino), every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average net revenues of all facilities under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease andduring the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline.

The Boyd Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is adjusted every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of all facilities under the Boyd Master Lease during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline.

In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to the Belterra Park Lease with a Boyd affiliate operating the property. The Belterra Park Lease rent terms are consistent with the Boyd Master Lease.The annual rent is comprised of a fixed component, part of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities which is adjusted, subject to certain floors, every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of all facilities under the Amended Pinnacle Master LeaseBelterra Park during the preceding two years.years in excess of a contractual baseline.

The Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease became effective on July 23, 2020, and among other things, changed the rental terms to become entirely fixed in nature, with the majority being subject to fixed escalations beginning in the fifth lease year as previously discussed.

On September 29, 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Lumière Place in satisfaction of the CZR loan, subject to the Lumière Place Lease, the initial term of which expires on October 31, 2033, with 4 separate renewal options of five years each, exercisable at the tenant's option. The Lumière Place Lease's rent is subject to an annual escalator of 1.25% for the second through fifth lease years, increasing to 1.75% for the sixth and seventh lease years and thereafter increasing by 2.0% for the remainder of the lease.

The Meadows Lease contains a fixed component, subject to annual escalators, and a component that is based on the performance of the facility, which is reset every two years to an amount determined by multiplying (i) 4% by (ii) the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing two-year period. The Meadows Lease contains an annual escalator provision for up to 5% of the base rent, if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, which remains at 5% until the earlier of ten years or the year in which total rent is $31 million, at which point the escalator will be reduced to a maximum of 2% annually thereafter.

The Morgantown Lease became effective on October 1, 2020 whereby the Company is leasing the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction for an initial cash rent structure underof $3.0 million, provided, however, that (i) on the Casino Queenopening date and on
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each anniversary thereafter the rent shall be increased by 1.5% annually (on a prorated basis for the remainder of the lease year in which the gaming facility opens) for each of the following three lease years and (ii) commencing on the fourth anniversary of the opening date and for each anniversary thereafter, (a) if the Consumer Price Index ("CPI") increase is at least 0.5% for any lease year, the rent for such lease year shall increase by 1.25% of rent as of the immediately preceding lease year, and (b) if the CPI increase is less than 0.5% for such lease year, then the rent shall not increase for such lease year.

The Perryville Lease also includes a fixed component, a portionwith Penn became effective July 1, 2021 and has initial annual rent of $7.77 million, $5.83 million of which is subject to escalation provisions beginning in the second lease year through the fourth lease year and increasing by 1.50% during such period and then increasing by 1.25% for the remaining lease term. The escalation provisions beginning in the fifth lease year are subject to the CPI being at least 0.5% for the preceding lease year.

The Bally's Master Lease became effective on June 3, 2021 in connection with the Company's acquisition of the real estate assets of Tropicana Evansville and Dover Downs Casino & Hotel. Rent under the Bally's Master Lease is $40 million annually and is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% escalatordetermined in relation to the annual increase in CPI.

The Casino Queen Master Lease initial annual rent is $21.4 million and such amount increases annually by 0.5% for the first six years. Beginning with the seventh lease year through the remainder of the lease term, if certainthe CPI increases by at least 0.25% for any lease year, then annual rent coverage ratio thresholds are met,shall be increased by 1.25%, and a component thatif the CPI increase is basedless than 0.25%, then rent will remain unchanged for such lease year.

The Maryland Live! Lease, as well as the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease when it becomes effective, contain or will contain terms which increase the entirety of rent by 1.75% beginning on the performancesecond anniversary of the facility, which is reset every five years to an amount equal torespective leases through the greaterremainder of (i) the annual amount of non-fixed rent applicable for the lease year immediately preceding such rent reset year and (ii) an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing five-year period.term.

Furthermore, the Company's master leases with percentage rent provide for a floor on thesuch percentage rent described above, should the Company's tenants acquire or commence operating a competing facility within a restricted area (typically 60 miles from a property under the existing master lease with such tenant). These clauses provide landlord protections by basing the percentage rent floor for any affected facility on the net revenues of such facility for the calendar year immediately preceding the year in which the competing facility is acquired or first operated by the tenant. In June 2019, aA percentage rent floor was triggered on Penn's Hollywood Casino Toledo property, as a result of Penn's purchase of the operations of the Greektown Casino-Hotel in Detroit, Michigan.Michigan and a percentage rent floor on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was triggered on the Bossier City Boomtown property due to Penn's acquisition of Margaritaville Resort Casino. Additionally, a percentage rent floor was triggered on the Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course in connection with Penn opening a facility in York, Pennsylvania, which will go into effect at the next reset.

In addition to rent, as triple-net lessees, all of the Company's tenants are required to pay the following executory costs: (1) all facility maintenance, (2) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties, including coverage of the landlord's interests, (3) taxes and other impositions levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on the income of the lessor), and (4) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties.
Termination of Leases
Our tenants do not have the ability to terminate their obligations under our long-term tenant leases prior to the expiration of the initial term without the Company's consent. If our long-term tenant leases are terminated prior to their initial expiration other than with our consent, our tenants may be liable for damages and incur charges such as continued payment of rent through the end of the lease term and maintenance costs for the leased property. All of our tenant leases contain a limited number of renewal options which may be exercised at our tenants' option. The Penn Master Lease, the Eldorado Master Lease and the Casino Queen Lease each have an initial term
8
Table of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by four 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Penn, Eldorado or Casino Queen, respectively) on the same terms and conditions, while the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease and the Boyd Master Lease each have an initial term of 10 years (from the original April 2016 commencement date of the Pinnacle Master Lease), with no purchase option, followed by five 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Penn or Boyd, respectively) on the same terms and conditions. The Meadows Lease has an initial term of 10 years, with no purchase option, and the option to renew for three successive 5-year terms and one 4-year term (exercisable by Penn) on the same terms and conditions.Contents








Property Features
The following table summarizes certain features of our properties as of December 31, 2019:2021:
 LocationTenant/Lease Agreement
Approx.
Property
Square
Footage (1)
Owned
Acreage
Leased
Acreage (2)
Hotel
Rooms
Tenant Occupied Properties      
Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg (3)
Lawrenceburg, INPenn/Penn Master Lease634,000 73.1 32.1 295 
Hollywood Casino AuroraAurora, ILPenn/Penn Master Lease222,189 0.4 1.7 — 
Hollywood Casino JolietJoliet, ILPenn/Penn Master Lease322,446 275.6 — 100 
Argosy Casino AltonAlton, ILPenn/Penn Master Lease124,569 0.2 3.6 — 
Hollywood Casino ToledoToledo, OHPenn/Penn Master Lease285,335 42.3 — — 
Hollywood Casino ColumbusColumbus, OHPenn/Penn Master Lease354,075 116.2 — — 
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town RacesCharles Town, WVPenn/Penn Master Lease511,249 298.6 — 153 
Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race CourseGrantville, PAPenn/Penn Master Lease451,758 573.7 — — 
M ResortHenderson, NVPenn/Penn Master Lease910,173 83.5 — 390 
Hollywood Casino BangorBangor, MEPenn/Penn Master Lease257,085 6.4 37.9 152 
Zia Park Casino (3)
Hobbs, NMPenn/Penn Master Lease109,067 317.4 — — 
Hollywood Casino Gulf CoastBay St. Louis, MSPenn/Penn Master Lease425,920 578.7 — 291 
Argosy Casino RiversideRiverside, MOPenn/Penn Master Lease450,397 37.9 — 258 
Hollywood Casino TunicaTunica, MSPenn/Penn Master Lease315,831 — 67.7 494 
Boomtown BiloxiBiloxi, MSPenn/Penn Master Lease134,800 1.5 1.0 — 
Hollywood Casino St. LouisMaryland Heights, MOPenn/Penn Master Lease645,270 220.8 — 502 
Hollywood Gaming at Dayton RacewayDayton, OHPenn/Penn Master Lease191,037 119.7 — — 
Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race CourseYoungstown, OHPenn/Penn Master Lease177,448 193.4 — — 
1st Jackpot CasinoTunica, MSPenn/Penn Master Lease78,941 52.9 93.8 — 
Ameristar Black HawkBlack Hawk, COPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease775,744 105.2 — 536 
Ameristar East ChicagoEast Chicago, INPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease509,867 — 21.6 288 
Ameristar Council Bluffs (3)
Council Bluffs, IAPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease312,047 36.2 22.6 160 
L'Auberge Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LAPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease436,461 99.1 — 205 
Boomtown Bossier CityBossier City, LAPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease281,747 21.8 — 187 
L'Auberge Lake CharlesLake Charles, LAPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease1,014,497 — 234.5 995 
Boomtown New OrleansNew Orleans, LAPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease278,227 53.6 — 150 
Ameristar VicksburgVicksburg, MSPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease298,006 74.1 — 148 
River City Casino and HotelSt. Louis, MOPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease431,226 — 83.4 200 
Jackpot Properties (4)
Jackpot, NVPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease419,800 79.5 — 416 
Plainridge Park CasinoPlainville, MAPenn/Amended Pinnacle Master Lease196,473 87.9 — — 
The Meadows Racetrack and Casino (3)
Washington, PAPenn/Meadows Lease417,921 155.5 — — 
Hollywood Casino MorgantownMorgantown, PAPenn/Morgantown Lease— 36.0 — — 
Hollywood Casino PerryvillePerryville, MDPenn/Perryville Lease97,961 36.3 — — 
Casino QueenEast St. Louis, ILCasino Queen Master Lease330,502 67.2 — 157 
Hollywood Casino Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LACasino Queen Master Lease95,318 25.1 — — 
Belterra Casino ResortFlorence, INBoyd/Boyd Master Lease782,393 167.1 148.5 662 
Ameristar Kansas CityKansas City, MOBoyd/Boyd Master Lease763,939 224.5 31.4 184 
Ameristar St. CharlesSt. Charles, MOBoyd/Boyd Master Lease1,272,938 241.2 — 397 
Belterra Park Gaming & Entertainment CenterCincinnati, OHBoyd/Belterra Park Lease372,650 160.0 — — 
Tropicana Atlantic CityAtlantic City, NJCaesars/Amended Caesars Master Lease4,232,018 18.3 — 2,364 
Tropicana LaughlinLaughlin, NVCaesars/Amended Caesars Master Lease936,453 93.6 — 1,487 
Isle Casino Hotel BettendorfBettendorf, IACaesars/Amended Caesars Master Lease738,905 24.6 — 509 
Isle Casino Hotel WaterlooWaterloo, IACaesars/Amended Caesars Master Lease287,436 52.6 — 194 
Trop Casino GreenvilleGreenville, MSCaesars/Amended Caesars Master Lease94,017 — 7.4 — 
Belle of Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LACaesars/Amended Caesars Master Lease386,398 13.1 0.8 288 
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 LocationTenant/Operator 
Approx.
Property
Square
Footage (1)
 
Owned
Acreage
 
Leased
Acreage (2)
 
Hotel
Rooms
Tenant Occupied Properties (3)
    
  
  
  
Hollywood Casino LawrenceburgLawrenceburg, INPenn 634,000
 73.1
 32.1
 295
Hollywood Casino AuroraAurora, ILPenn 222,189
 0.4
 1.7
 —
Hollywood Casino JolietJoliet, ILPenn 322,446
 275.6
 —
 100
Argosy Casino AltonAlton, ILPenn 124,569
 0.2
 3.6
 —
Hollywood Casino ToledoToledo, OHPenn 285,335
 42.3
 —
 —
Hollywood Casino ColumbusColumbus, OHPenn 354,075
 116.2
 —
 —
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town RacesCharles Town, WVPenn 511,249
 298.6
 —
 153
Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race CourseGrantville, PAPenn 451,758
 573.7
 —
 —
M ResortHenderson, NVPenn 910,173
 83.5
 —
 390
Hollywood Casino BangorBangor, MEPenn 257,085
 6.4
 37.9
 152
Zia Park Casino (4)
Hobbs, NMPenn 109,067
 317.4
 —
 —
Hollywood Casino Gulf CoastBay St. Louis, MSPenn 425,920
 578.7
 —
 291
Argosy Casino RiversideRiverside, MOPenn 450,397
 37.9
 —
 258
Hollywood Casino TunicaTunica, MSPenn 315,831
 —
 67.7
 494
Boomtown BiloxiBiloxi, MSPenn 134,800
 1.5
 1.0
 —
Hollywood Casino St. LouisMaryland Heights, MOPenn 645,270
 220.8
 —
 502
Hollywood Gaming at Dayton RacewayDayton, OHPenn 191,037
 119.7
 —
 —
Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race CourseYoungstown, OHPenn 177,448
 193.4
 —
 —
1st Jackpot CasinoTunica, MSPenn 78,941
 52.9
 93.8
 —
Ameristar Black HawkBlack Hawk, COPenn 775,744
 104.1
 —
 536
Ameristar East ChicagoEast Chicago, INPenn 509,867
 —
 21.6
 288
Ameristar Council Bluffs (4)
Council Bluffs, IAPenn 312,047
 36.2
 22.6
 160
L'Auberge Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LAPenn 436,461
 99.1
 —
 205
Boomtown Bossier CityBossier City, LAPenn 281,747
 21.8
 —
 187
L'Auberge Lake CharlesLake Charles, LAPenn 1,014,497
 —
 234.5
 995
Boomtown New OrleansNew Orleans, LAPenn 278,227
 53.6
 —
 150
Ameristar VicksburgVicksburg, MSPenn 298,006
 74.1
 —
 148
River City Casino and HotelSt. Louis, MOPenn 431,226
 —
 83.4
 200
Jackpot Properties (5)
Jackpot, NVPenn 419,800
 79.5
 —
 416
Plainridge Park CasinoPlainville, MAPenn 196,473
 87.9
 —
 —
The Meadows Racetrack and Casino (4)
Washington, PAPenn 417,921
 155.5
 —
 —
Casino QueenEast St. Louis, ILCasino Queen 330,502
 67.2
 —
 157
Belterra Casino ResortFlorence, INBoyd 782,393
 167.1
 148.5
 662
Ameristar Kansas CityKansas City, MOBoyd 763,939
 224.5
 31.4
 184
Ameristar St. CharlesSt. Charles, MOBoyd 1,272,938
 241.2
 —
 397
Tropicana Atlantic CityAtlantic City, NJEldorado 4,232,018
 18.3
 —
 2,364
Tropicana EvansvilleEvansville, INEldorado 754,833
 18.4
 10.2
 338
Tropicana LaughlinLaughlin, NVEldorado 936,453
 93.6
 —
 1,487
Trop Casino GreenvilleGreenville, MSEldorado 94,017
 —
 7.4
 40
Belle of Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LAEldorado 386,398
 13.1
 0.8
 288
    21,527,097
 4,547.5
 798.2
 11,837
           
Financed Property          
Belterra Park Gaming & Entertainment Center (6)
Cincinnati, OHBoyd 372,650
 160.0
 —
 —
           
Lumiere PlaceSt. Louis, MOCaesars/Lumiere Place Lease807,407 18.5 — 494 
Dover DownsDover, DEBally's Master Lease212,500 69.6 — 500 
Tropicana EvansvilleEvansville, INBally's Master Lease754,833 18.4 10.2 338 
Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland (7)
Hanover, MDCordish / Live! Maryland Lease2,326,669 12.6 — 310 
26,465,943 4,983.9 798.2 13,804 
Other Properties
Other owned buildings and land (5)
variousN/A23,400 3.9 — — 
TRS Segment      
Tropicana Las Vegas (6)
Las Vegas, NVPenn1,148,212 35.1 — 1,467 
  
Total27,637,555 — 5,023 — 798 — 15,271 

Other Properties          
Other owned buildings and land (7)
variousN/A 23,400
 3.9
 —
 —
           
TRS Properties    
  
  
  
Hollywood Casino Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LAGLPI 95,318
 25.1
 —
 —
Hollywood Casino PerryvillePerryville, MDGLPI 97,961
 36.3
 —
 —
    193,279
 61.4
 —
 —
Total   22,116,426
 4,772.8
 798.2
 11,837


(1)(1)
Square footage includes air-conditioned space and excludes parking garages and barns.

(2)
Leased acreage reflects land subject to leases with third-parties and includes land on which certain of the current facilities and ancillary supporting structures are located as well as parking lots and access rights.

(3)
We currently lease 86.6 acres in Tunica, Mississippi, where the Resorts Casino Tunica is located, which has been excluded from this table. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease, however, the casino and hotel were closed by Penn in June 2019. As a result of the property closure, the Company entered into an agreement to terminate the long-term ground lease for this property, which will be effective in February 2020, at which time such ground lease will be removed from the Penn Master Lease.

(4)
These properties include hotels not owned by the Company. Square footage and rooms associated with properties not owned by GLPI are excluded from the table above.

(5)
Encompasses two gaming properties in Jackpot, Nevada: Cactus Pete's and The Horseshu.

(6)
The Company financed the purchase of this property through a real estate loan to the owner-operator. Square footage and acreage associated with this property that we do not own are included in this table for informational purposes only.
(7)
This includes our corporate headquarters building and undeveloped land the Company owns at locations other than its tenant occupied properties.
Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg
We own 73.1 acres and lease 32.1 acres in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, a portion of which serves as the dockside embarkation for the gaming vessel, and includes a Hollywood-themed casino riverboat, an entertainment pavilion, a 295-room hotel, two parking garages and barns.

(2)Leased acreage reflects land subject to leases with third-parties and includes land on which certain of the current facilities and ancillary supporting structures are located as well as parking lots and access rights.

(3)    These properties include hotels not owned by the Company. Square footage and rooms associated with properties not owned by GLPI are excluded from the table above.

(4)    Encompasses two gaming properties in Jackpot, Nevada: Cactus Pete's and The Horseshu.

(5)     This includes our corporate headquarters building and undeveloped land the Company owns at locations other than its tenant occupied properties.

(6)     The Company acquired the real property associated with Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for $307.5 million of rent credits in April 2020. The property is operated by an adjacent surface lot, with an additional surface lot usedaffiliate of Penn pursuant to a triple net lease for remote parking.nominal rent for the earlier of two years (subject to three one-year extensions at the Company's option) or until the Tropicana Las Vegas is sold. See Note 6 in the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

(7)     This property is leased to Pennaccounted for as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino Aurora
We own a dockside barge structurefinancing lease and land-based pavilionis not included in Aurora, Illinois. We own the land, which is approximately 0.4 acres, on which the pavilion is located. The property also includes two parking garages under finance lease agreements and rights to a pedestrian walkway bridge under an operating lease, together comprising 1.7 acres. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino Joliet
We own 275.6 acres in Joliet, Illinois, which includes a barge-based casino, land-based pavilion, a 100-room hotel, a parking garage, surface parking areas and a recreational vehicle park. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Argosy Casino Alton
We lease 3.6 acres in Alton, Illinois, a portion of which serves as the dockside boarding for the Alton Belle II, a riverboat casino. The dockside facility includes an entertainment pavilion and office space, as well as surface parking areas. In addition, we own an office building property consisting of 0.2 acres. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.


Hollywood Casino Toledo
We own a 42.3-acre site in Toledo, Ohio, where Hollywood Casino Toledo is located. The property includes a casino as well as structured and surface parking. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino Columbus
We own 116.2 acres of land in Columbus, Ohio, where Hollywood Casino Columbus is located. The property includes a casino as well as structured and surface parking. this property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races
We own 298.6 acres on various parcels in Charles Town and Ranson, West Virginia of which 155 acres comprise the Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races. The facility includes a 153-room hotel and a 3/4-mile all-weather lighted thoroughbred racetrack, a training track, two parking garages, an employee parking lot, an enclosed grandstand/clubhouse and stable facilities for over 1,300 horses. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course
We own 573.7 acres in Grantville, Pennsylvania, where Penn National Race Course is located on 181 acres. The facility includes a casino, a one-mile all-weather lighted thoroughbred racetrack and a 7/8-mile turf track, a parking garage and surface parking spaces. The property also includes approximately 393 acres surrounding the Penn National Race Course that are available for future expansion or development. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
M Resort
We own 83.5 acres on the southeast corner of Las Vegas Boulevard and St. Rose Parkway in Henderson, Nevada, where the M Resort is located. The M Resort property includes a casino, a 390-room hotel and a parking facility. In addition, our tenant has rights to 4.0 acres of land at the casino site. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino Bangor
We lease 2.5 acres in Bangor, Maine on which Hollywood Casino Bangor is located. We also own 6.4 acres adjacent to the casino on which a 152-room hotel and a four-story parking garage are located. In addition, we lease 35.4 acres at and around historic Bass Park, which is adjacent to the casino and includes a one-half mile standardbred racetrack, a grandstand with over 12,000 square feet and seating for 3,500 patrons and parking. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Zia Park Casino
We own 317.4 acres in Hobbs, New Mexico, where the Zia Park Casino is located. The property also includes a one-mile thoroughbred and quarter-horse racetrack. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast
We own 578.7 acresreal estate investments. See Note 8 in the city of Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, including a 20-slip marina. The property includes a casino, an 18-hole golf course, a 291-room hotel, a recreational vehicle park and other facilities. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Argosy Casino Riverside
We own 37.9 acres in Riverside, Missouri, which includes a barge-based casino, a 258-room hotel, an entertainment/banquet facility and a parking garage. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Casino Tunica
We lease 67.7 acres of land in Tunica, Mississippi. The property includes a dockside single-level casino, a 494-room hotel, surface parking and other land-based facilities. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Boomtown Biloxi
We lease 1.0 acre of land mostly usedConsolidated Financial Statements for parking and a welcome center and own an additional 1.5 acres in Biloxi, Mississippi. In addition, our tenant has rights to 18.5 acres of land, most of which is utilized for the dockside casino and 4.5 acres of submerged tidelands at the casino site. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.


Hollywood Casino St. Louis
We own 220.8 acres along the Missouri River in Maryland Heights, Missouri. The property includes a casino, a 502-room hotel and structure and surface parking. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway
We own 119.7 acres in Dayton, Ohio, where Penn operates the Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway. The property includes a gaming facility, a 5/8-mile all-weather standardbred racetrack and surface parking. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course
We own 193.4 acres in Youngstown, Ohio, where Penn operates the Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course. The property includes a gaming facility, a one-mile thoroughbred racetrack and surface parking. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
1st Jackpot Casino
We own 52.9 acres of wetlands and lease an additional 93.8 acres in Tunica, Mississippi located approximately 30 miles from downtown Memphis, Tennessee. The property is located along the Mississippi River and includes a dockside casino, surface parking and other land-based facilities. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease.
Ameristar Black Hawk
We own 104.1 acres in Black Hawk, Colorado which includes a casino and a 536-room hotel. The casino property sits on approximately 6 acres and the remaining 98 acres, which are located across the street from the casino, are used mainly for overflow parking, administrative offices and a warehouse. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

Ameristar East Chicago

We lease 21.6 acres in East Chicago, Indiana located approximately 25 miles from downtown Chicago, Illinois. The property includes a dockside riverboat casino and a 288-room hotel. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

Ameristar Council Bluffs

We own 36.2 acres and lease an additional 22.6 acres in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The property is located across the Missouri River from Omaha, Nebraska. The property includes a dockside casino and a 160-room hotel. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

L’ Auberge Baton Rouge

We own 99.1 acres in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The property includes a dockside casino and a 205-room hotel and is located approximately 10 miles south of downtown Baton Rouge. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

Boomtown Bossier City

We own 21.8 acres on the banks of the Red River in Bossier City, Louisiana. The property features a 187-room hotel adjoining a dockside riverboat casino. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

L’Auberge Lake Charles

We lease 234.5 acres in Lake Charles, Louisiana. The property includes a dockside casino and a 995-room hotel and is one of the closest full-scale casino-hotel facilities to Houston, Texas. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.




Boomtown New Orleans

We own 53.6 acres in Harvey, Louisiana. The property includes a dockside riverboat casino and a 150-room hotel. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

Ameristar Vicksburg

We own 74.1 acres in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The property includes a dockside riverboat casino and a 148-room hotel. Also located on the property is a recreational vehicle park and buildings which are used for warehousing and support services. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

River City Casino and Hotel

We lease 83.4 acres in St. Louis County Missouri approximately 12 miles south of downtown St. Louis. The property includes a dockside casino and a 200-room hotel. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

Jackpot Properties

We own 79.5 acres in Jackpot, Nevada, encompassing Cactus Petes and The Horseshu. In addition to these two casinos, the property includes a 416-room hotel and a recreational vehicle park. These two properties sit directly across from each other with Highway 93 separating them. These properties are leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

Plainridge Park Casino

We own 87.9 acres in Plainridge, Massachusetts. The property includes a gaming facility, live harness racing on a 5/8-mile track, 1,600 structured and surface parking spaces, a grandstand and a clubhouse. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.

The Meadows Racetrack and Casino

We own 155.5 acres in Washington, Pennsylvania. The property includes a casino, an off-track wagering facility, a 24- lane bowling alley and a state-of-the-art 5/8-mile harness track with a 500-seat grandstand. This property is leased to Penn under the Meadows Lease.
Casino Queen
We own 67.2 acres in East St. Louis, Illinois. The property includes a casino, a 157-room hotel, a recreational vehicle park and surface parking areas. This property is leased to Casino Queen under the Casino Queen Lease.
Belterra Casino Resort

We own 167.1 acres and lease an additional 148.5 acres in Florence, Indiana. The property is located along the Ohio River and includes a dockside riverboat casino, an 18-hole golf course and a 608-room casino hotel, in addition to the 54-room Ogle Haus Inn. This property is leased to Boyd as part of the Boyd Master Lease.

Ameristar Kansas City

We own 224.5 acres in Kansas City, Missouri, along the north bank of the Missouri River and lease an additional 31.4 adjacent acres. The property includes a dockside casino and a 184-room hotel. This property is leased to Boyd as part of the Boyd Master Lease.

Ameristar St. Charles

We own 241.2 acres in St. Charles, Missouri, along the west bank of the Missouri River. The property includes a dockside casino and a 397-room hotel. This property is leased to Boyd as part of the Boyd Master Lease.




Tropicana Atlantic City

We own 18.3 acresin Atlantic City, New Jersey. The property includes a casino, 2,364 hotel rooms across five hotel towers and structured parking. This property is leased to Eldorado as part of the Eldorado Master Lease.further details.     

Tropicana Evansville

We own 18.4 acres and lease another 10.2 acres along the banks of the Ohio river in Evansville, Indiana. The property includes a casino and two hotels with a combined 338 rooms along with a 1,660-vehicle attached parking garage. This property is leased to Eldorado as part of the Eldorado Master Lease.

Tropicana Laughlin

We own 93.6 acres in Laughlin, Nevada. The property includes a casino and a 1,487-room hotel. This property is leased to Eldorado as part of the Eldorado Master Lease.

Trop Casino Greenville

We lease 7.4 acres in historic downtown Greenville, Mississippi. The property includes a riverboat and casino and a 40-room hotel. This property is leased to Eldorado as part of the Eldorado Master Lease.

Belle of Baton Rouge

We own 13.1 acres and lease another 0.8 acres in the downtown historic district of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The property includes a dockside casino, structured parking and a 288-room hotel. This property is leased to Eldorado as part of the Eldorado Master Lease.

Financed Property

Belterra Park Gaming and Entertainment Center

We hold the mortgage on thisproperty which encompasses 160.0 acres on the banks of the Ohio River approximately 10 minutes from downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. The property includes a gaming facility and live thoroughbred racing on two tracks, a 7/8-mile turf track and a one-mile dirt track.

TRS Properties
Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge
Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge is a dockside riverboat casino operating in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The riverboat features approximately 29,000 square feet of gaming space with 859 gaming machines and 12 table games and also features a deli. The facility also includes a two-story, 66,318 square foot dockside building featuring a variety of amenities, including a grill, a 268-seat buffet, a premium players' lounge, an event venue, a lobby bar, a public atrium, two meeting rooms and 1,407 surface parking spaces.
Hollywood Casino Perryville
Hollywood Casino Perryville is located directly off Interstate 95 in Cecil County, Maryland just 35 miles northeast of Baltimore and 70 miles from Washington, D.C. Hollywood Casino Perryville is a Hollywood-themed facility which offers 34,329 square feet of gaming space with 822 slot machines, 13 table games, 8 poker tables and a simulcast race book. The facility also offers several third-party operated food and beverage options, including a bar and grill, a casino bar, a gift shop and 1,600 surface parking spaces with valet and self-parking.
Competition
We compete for additional real property investments with other REITs, including two other publicly traded gaming focused REITs, VICI Properties Inc. ("VICI") and MGM Growth Properties LLC and VICI Properties Inc.(which is being acquired by VICI), investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, lenders, gaming companies and other investors. Some of our competitors are significantly larger and have greater financial resources and lower costs of capital than we have, making it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives.

In addition, percentage rent revenues fromon our gaming propertiesleases are dependent on the ability of our gaming tenants and operators to compete with other gaming operators. The gaming industry is characterized by an increasingly high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land-based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, emerging varieties of internet gaming, sports betting and other forms of gaming in the U.S. In a broader sense, our gaming tenants and operators face competition from all manner of leisure and entertainment activities, including: shopping, athletic events, television and movies, concerts and travel. Legalized gaming is currently permitted in various forms throughout the U.S., in several Canadian provinces and on various lands taken into trust for the benefit of certain Native Americans in the U.S. and Canada. In addition, established gaming jurisdictions could award additional gaming licenses or permit the expansion or relocation of existing gaming operations. New, relocated or expanded operations by other persons may increase competition for our gaming tenants and operators and could have a material adverse impact on our gaming tenants and operators and us as landlord. Finally, the imposition of smoking bans and/or higher gaming tax rates have a significant impact on our gaming tenants' and operators' ability to compete with facilities in nearby jurisdictions.
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Segments
Consistent with how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (as such term is defined in ASC 280 - Segment Reporting) reviews and assesses our financial performance, we have two reportable segments, GLP Capital, L.P. (a wholly-ownedconsolidated subsidiary of GLPI through which GLPI owns substantially all of its real estate assets) ("GLP Capital") and the TRS Properties.Segment. The GLP Capital reportable segment consists of the leased real property and represents the majority of our business. The TRS Properties reportable segmentSegment consists of Hollywood Casino Perryville (until July 1, 2021, as the operations of this property were sold to Penn and subsequent to this date includes the rental income from the Perryville Lease) and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge.Rouge (until December 17, 2021, as the operations of this property were sold to Casino Queen) as well as the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas. See "Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 17—19—Segment Information" for further information with respect to the Company's segments.
Information about our Executive Officers
NameAgePosition
Peter M. Carlino7375 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Steven T. Snyder59
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Brandon J. Moore4547 
SeniorExecutive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Desiree A. Burke5456 
Senior Vice President, and Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer
Matthew Demchyk3840 
Senior Vice President, of InvestmentsChief Investment Officer
Steven L. Ladany41 Senior Vice President, Chief Development Officer
Peter M. Carlino.    Mr. Carlino ishas been the Company's Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer.Officer since the Company's inception in November 2013. Mr. Carlino joinedwas the Company in connection with the Spin-Off on November 1,founder of Penn and served as its Chief Executive Officer from 1994 through October 2013. Prior to the Spin-Off, Mr. Carlino also served as Penn's founder and Chief Executive Officer. He continues as Penn's non-executivethe Chairman of the Board of Directors. Since 1976,Directors of Penn from April 1994 through May 28, 2019. Mr. Carlino continues to serve as Chairman Emeritus on Penn's Board of Directors and has served in such position since June 2019. Mr. Carlino has been Presidentserved as the Chairman of Carlino Capital Management Corp. (formerly knownthe Board of Directors and as Carlino Financial Corporation), a holding company that ownsChief Executive Officer for Penn, and operates various Carlino family investments.
Steven T. Snyder.    Mr. Snyder is our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Snyder joinednow the Company, in connection with the Spin-Off on November 1, 2013. Prior to the Spin-Off, he served as Penn's Senior Vice President of Corporate Development from 2003 and was responsiblecollectively for identifying and conducting internal and industry analysis of potential acquisitions, partnerships and other opportunities. He joined Penn as Vice President of Corporate Development in May 1998 and held that position until his appointment to Senior Vice President in 2003. Prior to joining Penn, Mr. Snyder was a partner with Hamilton Partners, Ltd. and previously served as Managing Director of Municipal and Corporate Investment Banking for Meridian Capital Markets. Mr. Snyder began his career in finance at Butcher & Singer, where he served as First Vice President of Public Finance.over 25 years.
Brandon J. Moore.    Mr. Moore is our SeniorExecutive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. Mr. Moore joined the Company in January 2014. Previously, he served as Penn's Vice President, Senior Corporate Counsel from March 2010 where he was a member of the legal team responsible for a variety of transactional, regulatory and general legal matters. Prior to joining Penn, Mr. Moore was with Ballard Spahr LLP, where he provided advanced legal counsel to clients on matters including merger and acquisition transactions, debt and equity financings, and various other matters.
Desiree A. Burke. Ms. Burke is our Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer. She joined the Company in April 2014 as our Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer. Previously, Ms. Burke served as Penn's Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer from November 2009. Additionally, she served as Penn's Vice President and Corporate Controller from November 2005 to October 2009. Prior to her time at Penn National Gaming, Inc., Ms. Burke was the Executive Vice President/Director of Financial Reporting and Control

for MBNA America Bank, N.A. She joined MBNA in 1994 and held positions of ascending responsibility in the finance department during her tenure. Ms. Burke is a CPA.
Matthew Demchyk. Mr. Demchyk became our Senior Vice President, Chief Investment Officer in January 2021 in which he leads the Company's investment strategy and is responsible for capital allocation. Mr. Demchyk joined the Company in February 2019 as our Senior Vice President of Investments. Previously, he served as Portfolio Manager of Real Estate Securities at Millennium Partners for nine years. Prior to joining Millennium Partners, he managed a portfolio of REIT equity securities at Carlson Capital and served as Assistant Portfolio Manager at CenterSquare Investment Management, a leading REIT dedicated asset manager. Mr. Demchyk is a CFA charter holder.Charterholder.
Steven L. Ladany. Mr. Ladany became our Senior Vice President, Chief Development Officer in January 2021 and leads the Company's ongoing merger, acquisition and development efforts. Mr. Ladany joined the Company in September 2014 as Vice President, Finance and served in that role until March 2019, when he was promoted to Senior Vice President, Finance. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Ladany served as a Vice President at Revel Casino Hotel, a regional gaming property currently known as Ocean Casino Resort, and as a Vice President at J.P. Morgan in the Syndicated and Leveraged Finance group within the firm's investment banking division.

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Tax Considerations
We elected to be treated as a REIT on our 2014 U.S. federal income tax return and we, together with an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" ("TRS") effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a TRS. Finally, in advance of our UPREIT transaction discussed below, the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021. We intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, distribution levels, and diversity of stock ownership, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code. Our ability to qualify to be taxed as a REIT also requires that we satisfy certain tests, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets that we own directly or indirectly. The material qualification requirements are summarized below. Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any taxable year will satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. Additionally, while we intend to operate so that we continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") will not challenge our qualification, or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future.
Taxation of REITs in General
As a REIT, generally we will be entitled to a deduction for dividends that we pay and therefore will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our net REIT taxable income that is currently distributed to our shareholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" at the corporate and shareholder levels that generally results from an investment in a C corporation. A "C corporation" is a corporation that generally is required to pay tax at the corporate level. Double taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the shareholder level when the income is distributed.net earnings and profits are distributed as dividends. In general, the income that we generate is taxed only at the shareholder level upon a distribution of dividends to our shareholders. We will nonetheless be subject to U.S. federal tax in the following circumstances:
•We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed net taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains.

•For tax years that began prior to January 1, 2018, we may be subject to the "alternative minimum tax" on our items of tax preference, including any deductions of net operating losses.

•If we have net income from prohibited transactions, which are, in general, sales or other dispositions of inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be subject to a 100% tax.

•If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold terminations as "foreclosure property," we may thereby avoid the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 21%).

•If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test and/or the 95% gross income test, as discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because we satisfy other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount based on the magnitude of the failure, as adjusted to reflect the profit margin associated with our gross income.

•If we violate the asset tests (other than certain de minimis violations) or other requirements applicable to REITs, as described below, and yet maintain our qualification as a REIT because there is reasonable cause for the failure and other applicable requirements are met, we may be subject to a penalty tax. In that case, the amount of the penalty tax will be at least $50,000 per failure, and, in the case of certain asset test failures, will be determined as the amount of net income generated by the nonqualifying assets in question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 21%) if that amount exceeds $50,000 per failure.


•If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of our capital gain net income for such year and (iii) any undistributed net taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts that we actually distributed and (b) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level.

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•We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT's shareholders.

•A 100% tax may be imposed on transactions between us and a TRS that do not reflect arm's-length terms.

•If we acquire appreciated assets from a corporation that is not a REIT (i.e., a corporation taxable under subchapter C of the Code) in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis of the assets in our hands is determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the subchapter C corporation, we may be subject to tax on such appreciation at the highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if we subsequently recognize gain on a disposition of any such assets during the five-year period following their acquisition from the subchapter C corporation.

•The earnings of our TRS PropertiesSegment will generally be subject to U.S. federal, state and corporate income tax.tax, and then the REIT will be required to include in our distribution tests, any dividends received from the TRS.
In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local, and foreign income, property, gross receipts and other taxes on our assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification—General
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
1.that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
2.the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;
3.that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its election to be subject to tax as a REIT;
4.that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to specific provisions of the Code;
5.the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons;
6.in which, during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer "individuals" (as defined in the Code to include specified tax-exempt entities); and
7.that meets other tests described below, including with respect to the nature of its income and assets.
(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;

(2) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of
beneficial interest;
     (3) that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its election to be subject to tax as a REIT;
(4) that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to specific provisions of the Code;
(5) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons;

(6) in which, during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is
owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer "individuals" (as defined in the Code to include specified tax-
exempt entities); and
(7) that meets other tests described below, including with respect to the nature of its income and assets.
The Code provides that conditions (1) through (4) must be met during the entire taxable year, and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Conditions (5) and (6) need not be met during a corporation's initial tax year as a REIT (which, in our case, was 2014). Our charter provides restrictions regarding the ownership and transfers of our stock, which are intended to assist us in satisfying the stock ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, except as provided in the next sentence, our status as a REIT will terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in the applicable Treasury regulations that require us to ascertain the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirements described in condition (6) above, we will be treated as having met this requirement.
To monitor compliance with the stock ownership requirements, we generally are required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our stock. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our stock pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the stock (i.e., the persons required to include our dividends in their gross income). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these

record-keeping requirements. If, upon request by the Company, a shareholder fails or refuses to comply with the demands, such holder will be required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with his, her or its tax return disclosing the actual ownership of our stock and other information.
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Qualified REIT Subsidiaries

The Code provides that a corporation that is a "qualified REIT subsidiary" shall not be treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of a "qualified REIT subsidiary" shall be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT. A "qualified REIT subsidiary" is a corporation, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT, that has not elected to be a "taxable REIT subsidiary" (discussed below). In applying the requirements described herein, all of our "qualified REIT subsidiaries" will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such subsidiaries will be treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit. These subsidiaries, therefore, will not be subject to federal corporate income taxation, although they may be subject to state and local taxation. During 2021, we had one qualified REIT subsidiary for most of the year, which elected to become a TRS in December 2021.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
In general, we may jointly elect with a subsidiary corporation, whether or not wholly-owned, to treat such subsidiary corporation as a TRS. We generally may not own more than 10% of the securities of a taxable corporation, as measured by voting power or value, unless we and such corporation elect to treat such corporation as a TRS. The separate existence of a TRS is not ignored for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a TRS generally is subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that we and our subsidiaries generate in the aggregate and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
We are not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by the TRS to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the dividends paid to us, if any, as income. This treatment can affect our income and asset test calculations, as described below. Because we do not include the assets and income of TRSs on a look-through basis in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. For example, we may use a TRS to perform services or conduct activities that give rise to certain categories of income or to conduct activities that, if conducted by us directly, would be treated in our hands as prohibited transactions.
The TRS rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the REIT's tenants that are not conducted on an arm's-length basis. We intend that all of our transactions with our TRS, if any, will be conducted on an arm's-length basis.
Income Tests
As a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year, excluding gross income from sales of inventory or dealer property in "prohibited transactions," discharge of indebtedness and certain hedging transactions, generally must be derived from "rents from real property," gains from the sale of real estate assets (but not including certain debt instruments of publicly offered REITs that are not secured by mortgages on real property), interest income derived from mortgage loans secured by real property (including certain types of mortgage-backed securities), dividends received from other REITs, and specified income from temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of our gross income in each taxable year, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, discharge of indebtedness and certain hedging transactions, must be derived from some combination of income that qualifies under the 75% gross income test described above, as well as other dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have any relation to real property. Income and gain from certain hedging transactions will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
Rents received by a REIT will qualify as "rents from real property" in satisfying the gross income requirements described above only if several conditions are met.

•The amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term "rents from real property" solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales.

•Rents received from a tenant will not qualify as "rents from real property" in satisfying the gross income tests if the REIT, or a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of the REIT, directly or constructively, owns 10% or more of such tenant (a "Related Party Tenant"). However, rental payments from a taxable REIT subsidiaryTRS will qualify as rents from real property even if we own more than 10% of the total value or combined voting power of the taxable REIT subsidiaryTRS if (i) at least 90% of the property is leased to unrelated tenants and the rent paid by the taxable REIT

subsidiaryTRS is substantially comparable to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for comparable space or (ii) the property leased is a "qualified lodging facility," as defined in Section
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856(d)(9)(D) of the Code, or a "qualified health care property," as defined in Section 856(e)(6)(D)(i) of the Code, and certain other conditions are satisfied.

•Rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property will not qualify as "rents from real property" if such rent exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease.

•The REIT generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to tenants, except through an "independent contractor" who is adequately compensated and from whom the REIT derives no income, or through a taxable REIT subsidiary.TRS. The "independent contractor" requirement, however, does not apply to the extent the services provided by the REIT are "usually or customarily rendered" in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only, and are not otherwise considered "rendered to the occupant." In addition, a de minimis rule applies with respect to non-customary services. Specifically, if the value of the non-customary service income with respect to a property (valued at no less than 150% of the direct costs of performing such services) is 1% or less of the total income derived from the property, then all rental income except the non-customary service income will qualify as "rents from real property." A taxable REIT subsidiaryTRS may provide services (including noncustomary services) to a REIT’s tenants without "tainting" any of the rental income received by the REIT, and will be able to manage or operate properties for third parties and generally engage in other activities unrelated to real estate.

We do not anticipate receiving rent that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person (except by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales consistent with the rules described above). Our former parent, Penn, received a private letter ruling from the IRS that concluded certain rental formulas under the Penn Master Lease will not cause any amounts received under the Penn Master Lease to be treated as other than rents from real property. While we do not expect to seek similar rulings for additional leases we enter into that have substantially similar terms as the Penn Master Lease, we intend to treat amounts received under those leases consistent with the conclusions in the ruling, though there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge such treatment. We also do not anticipate receiving more than a de minimis amount of rents from any Related Party Tenant or rents attributable to personal property leased in connection with real property that will exceed 15% of the total rents received with respect to such real property. We may receive certain types of income that will not qualify under the 75% or 95% gross income tests. In particular, dividends received from a taxable REIT subsidiaryTRS will not qualify under the 75% test. We believe, however, that the aggregate amount of such items and other non-qualifying income in any taxable year will not cause GLPI to exceed the limits on non-qualifying income under either the 75% or 95% gross income tests.
We may directly or indirectly receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions generally are treated as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions will generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any dividends that we receive from another REIT or qualified REIT subsidiary, however, will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% gross income tests.
We believe that we have and will continue to be in compliance with these gross income tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may still qualify to be taxed as a REIT for such year if we are entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if (i) our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and (ii) following our identification of the failure to meet the 75% or 95% gross income test for any taxable year, we file a schedule with the IRS setting forth each item of our gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income test for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury regulations. It is not possible to state whether we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify to be taxed as a REIT. Even if these relief provisions apply, and we retain our status as a REIT, the Code imposes a tax based upon the amount by which we fail to satisfy the particular gross income test.
Asset Tests
At the close of each calendar quarter, we must also satisfy five tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by some combination of "real estate assets," cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, and, under some circumstances, stock or debt instruments purchased with new capital. For this purpose, real estate assets include interests in real property (such as land, buildings, leasehold interest in real property and, for taxable years that began or after January 1, 2016, personal property leased with real property if the rents attributable to the personal property would be rents from real property under the income tests discussed above), interests in mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, shares in other qualifying REITs, and stock or debt instruments held for less than one year purchased with the proceeds from an offering of shares of our stock or certain debt and, for tax years that began on or after

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January 1, 2016, debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% asset test are subject to the additional asset tests described below.
Second, the value of any one issuer's securities that we own may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
Third, we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer's outstanding securities, as measured by either voting power or value. The 5% and 10% asset tests do not apply to securities of TRSs and qualified REIT subsidiaries and the 10% asset test does not apply to "straight debt" having specified characteristics and to certain other securities described below. Solely for purposes of the 10% asset test, the determination of our interest in the assets of a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest will be based on our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership or limited liability company, excluding for this purpose, certain securities described in the Code. The safe harbor under which certain types of securities are disregarded for purposes of the 10% value limitation includes (1) straight debt securities (including straight debt securities that provide for certain contingent payments); (2) any loan to an individual or an estate; (3) any rental agreement described in Section 467 of the Code, other than with a "related person"; (4) any obligation to pay rents from real property; (5) certain securities issued by a State or any political subdivision thereof, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (6) any security issued by a REIT; and (7) any other arrangement that, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, is excepted from the definition of a security. In addition, for purposes of applying the 10% value limitation, (a) a REIT’s interest as a partner in a partnership is not considered a security; (b) any debt instrument issued by a partnership is not treated as a security if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income is from sources that would qualify for the 75% REIT gross income test; and (c) any debt instrument issued by a partnership is not treated as a security to the extent of the REIT’s interest as a partner in the partnership.
Fourth, the aggregate value of all securities of TRSs that we hold, together with other non-qualified assets (such as furniture and equipment or other tangible personal property, or non-real estate securities) may not, in the aggregate, exceed 25%20% of the value of our total assets. Beginning after December 31, 2017, the aggregate value of all securities of the TRSs that we hold may not exceed 20% of our total assets.
Fifth, not more than 25% of the value of our gross assets may be represented by debt instruments of publicly offered REITs that are not secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property.
However, certain relief provisions are available to allow REITs to satisfy the asset requirements or to maintain REIT qualification notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements. For example, if we should fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, such a failure would not cause us to lose our REIT qualification if we (i) satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding calendar quarter and (ii) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset requirements was not wholly or partly caused by an acquisition of non-qualifying assets, but instead arose from changes in the relative market values of our assets. If the condition described in (ii) was not satisfied, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose or by making use of the relief provisions described above.
In the case of de minimis violations of the 10% and 5% asset tests, a REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements if (i) the value of the assets causing the violation does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT's total assets and $10,000,000 and (ii) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
Even if we did not qualify for the foregoing relief provisions, one additional provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements to nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (i) the REIT provides the IRS with a description of each asset causing the failure, (ii) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (iii) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 per failure and (b) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 21%) and (iv) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.
We believe that we have been and will continue to be in compliance with the asset tests described above.






Annual Distribution Requirements
In order to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our shareholders in an amount at least equal to:
(i)the sum of
(i)the sum of

(a)90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to our net capital gains and the deduction for dividends paid; and
(a)    90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to our net capital gains and the deduction for dividends paid; and
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(b)90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property (as described below); minus
(b)    90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property (as described below); minus

(ii)the excess of the sum of specified items of non-cash income over 5% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to our net capital gain and the deduction for dividends paid.
(ii)the excess of the sum of specified items of non-cash income over 5% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to our net capital gain and the deduction for dividends paid.
We generally must make these distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if paid with or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. These distributions will be treated as received by our shareholders in the year in which paid. In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be "preferential dividends." A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (i) pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class and (ii) in accordance with any preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. Given our status as a "publicly offered REIT" (within the meaning of the Code), the preferential dividend rules do not apply to us for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014.
To the extent that we distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute, some or all of our net long-term capital gains and pay tax on such gains. In this case, we could elect for our shareholders to include their proportionate shares of such undistributed long-term capital gains in income, and to receive a corresponding credit for their share of the tax that we paid. Our shareholders would then increase the adjusted basis of their stock by the difference between (i) the amounts of capital gain dividends that we designated and that they include in their taxable income, minus (ii) the tax that we paid on their behalf with respect to that income.
To the extent that in the future we may have available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements.
If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of our capital gain net income for such year and (iii) any undistributed net taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts actually distributed, plus (b) the amounts of income we retained and on which we have paid corporate income tax.
We expect that our REIT taxable income will be less than our cash flow because of depreciation and other non-cash charges included in computing REIT taxable income. Accordingly, we anticipate that we generally will have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the distribution requirements described above. However, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses in determining our taxable income. In addition, we may decide to retain our cash, rather than distribute it, in order to repay debt, acquire assets, or for other reasons. If these timing differences occur, we may borrow funds to pay dividends or pay dividends through the distribution of other property (including shares of our stock) in order to meet the distribution requirements, while preserving our cash.
If our taxable income for a particular year is subsequently determined to have been understated, we may be able to rectify a resultant failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to shareholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. In this case, we may be able to avoid losing REIT qualification or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, subject to the 4% excise tax described above. We will be required to pay interest based on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
For purposes of the 90% distribution requirement and excise tax described above, any distribution must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if such distributions are declared in October, November or December of the taxable year, are payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in any such month, and are actually paid before the end of January of the following year. Such distributions are treated as both paid by us and received by our shareholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared.

In addition, at our election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared before we timely file our tax return for the year, provided we pay such distribution with or before our first regular dividend payment after such declaration, and such payment is made during the 12-month period following the close of such taxable year. Such distributions are taxable to our shareholders in the year in which paid, even though the distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.

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We believe that we have satisfied the annual distribution requirements for the year ended December 31, 2019.2021. Although we intend to satisfy the annual distribution requirements to continue to qualify as a REIT for the year ending December 31, 20202022 and thereafter, economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations could limit our ability to meet those requirements.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification other than the income or asset tests, we could avoid disqualification as a REIT if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. Relief provisions are also available for failures of the income tests and asset tests, as described above in "Income Tests" and "Asset Tests."
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions described above do not apply, we would be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We cannot deduct distributions to shareholders in any year in which we are not a REIT, nor would we be required to make distributions in such a year. In this situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), distributions to shareholders would be taxable as regular corporate dividends. Such dividends paid to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates may be taxable at the preferential income tax rates (i.e., currently the 20% maximum U.S. federal rate) for qualified dividends. In addition, subject to the limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, we would be entitled to this statutory relief.
2021 GLP Holdings Operating Asset Sales, TRS Merger, and E&P Purging Distribution
On December 17, 2021, we completed our sale of the membership interests of Louisiana Casino Cruises, LLC to a third-party operator and tenant, which was preceded by its conversion from a C corporation and transfer of the real property assets to GLP Holdings, Inc. During June of 2021, we had previously completed a similar transaction with the membership interests of Penn Cecil Maryland, LLC. On December 23, 2021, GLP Holdings, Inc. was merged with and into GLP Capital, L.P. in a transaction which was intended to be treated as a tax-free liquidation of GLP Holdings, Inc., a TRS, into the REIT. The result of such transaction was intended to wind up GLP Holdings, Inc. after its taxable sale of the operating assets and have the REIT receive the real property assets in a carryover basis transaction for income tax purposes prior to the completion of the UPREIT Transaction discussed below. As a result of the tax-free nature of the transaction, the REIT inherited all of GLP Holdings, Inc.'s C corporation earnings and profits earned while it was a TRS. Under Section 857 of the Code, as of the close of the taxable year, a REIT must not have earnings and profits which were accumulated in any non-REIT year, so the REIT was required to distribute any GLP Holdings, Inc. earnings and profits which had accumulated prior to its merger with GLP Capital, L.P. The Company’s Board of Directors declared a special earnings and profits cash dividend of $0.24 per share of its common stock payable on January 7, 2022 to shareholders of record on December 27, 2021. We believe that in accordance with Code Section 857(b)(9), such dividend will be treated as having been paid by the REIT and received by the REIT shareholders on or prior to December 31, 2021 to the extent it was treated as satisfying the REIT’s requirements to purge any earnings and profits from a non-REIT year.
2021 UPREIT Transaction
On December 29, 2021, we completed a transaction with Cordish whereby they contributed certain real property assets into GLP Capital, L.P. (our operating partnership, or the “OP”) in exchange for newly issued partnership interests in the OP. As a result of the contribution, the OP became treated as a regarded partnership for income tax purposes, with the REIT being deemed to contribute substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the REIT in exchange for the general partnership and a majority of the limited partnership interests, and a minority limited partnership interest being owned by Cordish (the “UPREIT Transaction”). Prior to this transaction, the OP had been wholly owned by the REIT and another entity wholly owned by the REIT and disregarded for income tax purposes, making the OP disregarded as separate from the REIT. The structure of the transaction is intended to allow the REIT to still receive rents from real property on a passthrough basis from the OP, and it will continue to own an interest in real property through its ownership of the OP partnership interests as its sole asset. Based on this, we believe that the UPREIT Transaction will not impact our ability to meet the requirements of the REIT asset, income, and distribution tests described above.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the Treasury which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and
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interpretations. Changes to the U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our common stock.
On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, known as the Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 (the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") was signed into law. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. In addition to reducing corporate and individual income tax rates, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminates or restricts various deductions that, along with other provisions, may change the way that we calculate our REIT taxable income and our TRSs'TRS's taxable income. Significant provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that investors should be aware of include provisions that: (i) lower the corporate income tax rate to 21%, (ii) provide noncorporate taxpayers with a deduction of up to 20% of certain income earned through partnerships and REITs, (iii) limit the net operating loss deduction to 80% of taxable income, where taxable income is determined without regard to the net operating loss deduction itself, generally eliminates net operating loss carrybackscarry backs and allow unused net operating losses to be carried forward indefinitely, (iv) expand the ability of businesses to deduct the cost of certain property investments in the year in which the property is purchased, and (v) generally lower tax rates for individuals and other noncorporate taxpayers, while limiting deductions such as miscellaneous itemized deductions and state and local tax deductions. In addition, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act limits the deduction for net interest expense incurred by a business to 30% of the "adjusted taxable income" of the taxpayer. However,The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Stability Act increased the limitation to 50% of “adjusted taxable income” for tax years beginning in 2019 and 2020. The limitation on the interest expense deduction does not apply to certain small-business taxpayers or electing real property trades or businesses, such as any real property development, redevelopment, construction, reconstruction, acquisition, conversion, rental, operation, management, leasing, or brokerage trade or business. Making the election to be treated as a real property trade or business requires the electing real property trade or business to depreciate non-residential real property, residential rental property, and qualified improvement property over a longer period using the alternative depreciation system. We have not yet elected out of the new interest expense limitation.

The effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is highly uncertain, both in terms of its direct effect on the taxation of holders of our common stock and its indirect effect on the value of our assets or market conditions generally.

Shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the impact that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and other legislation may have on their investment and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on their investment in our shares.

Regulation
The ownership, operation, and management of, and provision of certain products and services to, gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. Gaming laws are generally based upon declarations of public policy designed to protect gaming consumers and the viability and integrity of the gaming industry. Gaming laws also may be designed to protect and maximize state and local revenues derived through taxes and licensing fees imposed on gaming industry participants as well as to enhance economic development and tourism. To accomplish these public policy goals, gaming laws establish procedures to ensure that participants in the gaming industry, including landlords and other suppliers, meet certain standards of character and fitness. In addition, gaming laws require gaming industry participants to:
•ensure that unsuitable individuals and organizations have no role in gaming operations;operations, including suppliers, and in some cases, landowners;

•establish procedures designed to prevent cheating and fraudulent practices;

•establish and maintain responsible accounting practices and procedures;

•maintain effective controls over their financial practices, including establishment of minimum procedures for internal fiscal affairs and the safeguarding of assets and revenues;

•maintain systems for reliable record keeping;

•file periodic reports with gaming regulators;

•ensure that contracts and financial transactions are commercially reasonable, reflect fair market value and are arms-length transactions; and

•establish programs to promote responsible gaming.
These regulations impact our business in three important ways: (1) our ownership and operation of the TRS Properties; (2) our ownership of land and buildings in which gaming activities are operated by third party tenants pursuant to long-term
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leases; and (3) the operations of our gaming tenants. Our historical ownership and operation of the TRS Properties subjectsubjected GLPI, its subsidiaries and its officers and directors to the jurisdiction of the gaming regulatory agencies in Louisiana and Maryland. Further, many gaming and racing regulatory agencies in the jurisdictions in which our gaming tenants operate require GLPI and its affiliates to maintain a license as a key business entity, principal affiliate, business entity, qualifier, operator or supplier because of its status as landlord, including Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Our businesses and those operated by our tenants are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations in addition to gaming regulations. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions and conditions concerning alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, employees, health care, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes, and marketing and advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Material changes, new laws or regulations, or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities could adversely affect our operating results.
Insurance
We have comprehensive liability, property and business interruption insurance atcovering our TRS Properties.business. In regards to our properties subject to triple-net leases, the lease agreements require our tenants to haveprocure and maintain their own comprehensive liability, property and business interruption insurance policies, including protection for our insurable interests as the landlord.

Environmental Matters
Our properties are subject to environmental laws regulating, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges and the handling and disposal of wastes, including medical wastes. Certain of the properties we own utilize above or underground storage tanks to store heating oil for use at the properties. Other properties were built during the time that asbestos-containing building materials were routinely installed in residential and commercial structures. Our triple-net leases obligate the tenants thereunder to comply with applicable environmental laws and to indemnify us if their noncompliance results in losses or claims against us, and we expect that any future leases will include the same provisions for other operators. An operator's failure to comply could result in fines and penalties or the requirement to undertake corrective actions which may result in significant costs to the operator and thus adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.
Pursuant to U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be required to investigate, remove and/or remediate a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at, or emanating from, such property. Further, under certain circumstances, such owners or operators of real property may be held liable for property damage, personal injury and/or natural resource damage resulting from or arising in connection with such releases. Certain of these laws have been interpreted to provide for joint and several liability unless the harm is divisible and there is a reasonable basis for allocation of responsibility. We also may be liable under certain of these laws for damage that occurred prior to our ownership of a property or at a site where we or our tenants sent wastes for disposal. The failure to properly remediate a property could result in fines or sanctions and may also adversely affect our ability to lease, sell or rent the property or to borrow funds using the property as collateral.
In connection with the ownership of our real property, we could be legally responsible for environmental liabilities or costs relating to a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at or emanating from such property. In order to assess the potential for such liability, we conduct routine due diligence of environmental assessmentsconditions prior to acquisition. We are not aware of any environmental issues that are expected to have a material impact on the operations of any of our properties.
Pursuant to the Penn Master Lease and a Separation and Distribution Agreement between Penn and GLPI, any liability arising from or relating to environmental liabilities arising from the businesses and operations of Penn's real property holdings prior to the Spin-Off (other than any liability arising from or relating to the operation or ownership of the TRS Properties and except to the extent first discovered after the end of the term of the Penn Master Lease) was retained by Penn and Penn will indemnify GLPI (and its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, and agents and certain other related parties) against any losses arising from or relating to such environmental liabilities. Similarly, pursuant to a Separation and Distribution Agreement originally between Pinnacle's operating company and GLPI (as successor to Pinnacle Entertainment), any liability arising from or relating to environmental liabilities arising from the business and operations of Pinnacle's real property holdings prior to the Company's acquisition of the majority of Pinnacle's real property assets (except to the extent first discovered after the end of the term of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease) was retained by Pinnacle and Pinnacle will indemnify GLPI (and its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, and agents and certain other related parties) against any losses arising from or relating to such environmental liabilities. Effective October 15, 2018, Penn assumed all obligations of Pinnacle pursuant to a merger of Pinnacle with and into a subsidiary of Penn. There can be no assurance that Penn will be able to fully satisfy these indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Penn any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses.
Employees
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Corporate Responsibility and Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG)

At GLPI, we believe that environmental and community stewardship is an integral component of growing shareholder value. With this in mind, we endeavor to integrate ESG practices to create long-term economic value for our shareholders, employees and other constituents that will have lasting, positive impacts on all stakeholders.

We are committed to fostering a corporate culture that encourages and seeks the betterment of GLPI and its employees, as well as, the engagement and betterment of those communities in which we conduct business and where our properties are located. To achieve these goals, we are committed to continued improvement and institutionalization of our ESG initiatives. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Committee”) has direct oversight of ESG matters, which are discussed thoughtfully at each meeting of the Committee and reported to our Board of Directors.

The Company recently implemented the following key policies:

i.Charitable Contribution Matching Policy
ii.Corporate Volunteering Policy
iii.Vendor Code of Conduct

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). We recognize the importance of diverse representation throughout our organization. We believe that maintaining and promoting a diverse and inclusive workplace where every employee feels valued and respected is essential for organizational growth. As such, we are focused on cultivating a diverse and inclusive culture where our employees can freely bring diverse perspectives and varied experiences to work. In 2020, the Company implemented its Inclusive Workplace Policy. All GLPI employees and the Company’s Board of Directors are required to complete diversity and inclusion training.

We seek to hire and retain highly talented employees and empower those employees to create value for our shareholders. We adhere to equal employment policies in our employee and board recruitment and selection process. We employ, train and refresh our employees in accordance with our nondiscriminatory, inclusive practices and policies implemented to prevent discrimination and protect our employees, customers and stakeholders from offensive and harmful behaviors.

Our continued commitment to DEI is further evidenced by the Company’s expansion of its Board of Directors to include more diverse representation, backgrounds and viewpoints.

As of December 31, 2019,2021, 59% of our workforce is female and 41% is male, with our Board of Directors being 25% female.

Tenant Engagement. Fostering a strong channel of communication with our tenants is an important component in establishing long-term, successful relationships critical to the success of our business. In 2021, we formalized our tenant engagement initiative through our Tenant Partnership Program. Through the Tenant Partnership Program, we have been able to discuss the importance of utility data collection and sharing to aid in the compilation of our Scope III emissions and have implemented certain green lease provisions with respect to data collection. Additionally, to enhance our tenant experience, we circulated a Tenant Satisfaction Survey in the second quarter of 2021 to encourage meaningful dialogue with our tenants to better understand those issues that are important to their business.

Environmental Sustainability. We are committed to conducting our business in an environmentally conscious manner to uphold our responsibility as a corporate citizen, including through enhanced transparency and continued improvement in our ESG reporting and disclosure. We strive to maintain a corporate environment that fosters a sense of community and well-being and that encourages our employees to focus on their long-term success along with the long-term success of the Company. We promote sustainable practices and environmental stewardship throughout the organization, with a particular emphasis on energy efficiency, recycling, indoor environmental quality and environmental awareness. We are committed to the promotion of greater environmental awareness among our employees.

In furtherance to our commitment to transparency, we published our first standalone ESG disclosure available on our website. To learn more about our ESG efforts, please visit the ESG section of our Investor Relations site. The information at our website shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In 2021, we initiated an ESG strategy designed, in part, to better understand the environmental impact and risks of our leased properties. Also in 2021, we successfully conducted a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory of our Scope 1 and 2 emissions
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at our corporate headquarters. We have also implemented green lease provisions in several of our leases and through lease amendments with certain of our tenants.

In furtherance of our commitment to environmental sustainability, we routinely engage nationally recognized and certified environmental engineers to perform Phase I Environmental Site Assessments as part of our acquisition process.

The leased properties in our portfolio are leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements, meaning each gaming operator is ultimately responsible for maintaining the buildings, including controlling its energy usage and the implementation of environmentally sustainable practices. We are committed through our tenant engagement initiatives to promoting awareness, influencing and engaging with our tenants where possible, regarding sustainability practices and environmentally beneficial energy solutions. Many of our tenants have implemented similar efficiency and conservation measures in recent capital expenditure projects, including cost-saving indoor and outdoor LED lighting retrofits, installation of guest room occupancy-based thermostats, building management systems upgrades, and installation of electronic vehicle charging stations.

Recognizing that sustainability is a journey, we are committed to continuous improvement and will strive to engage and communicate with our key stakeholders regarding our ESG stewardship. Further, we are committed to developing initiatives to address and mitigate those environmental risks within our control and supporting our tenants to do the same.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2021, we had 64817 full and part-timepart time employees. Substantially allWe strive to maintain a corporate work environment that fosters a sense of thesecommunity and well-being and that encourages our employees are employed at Hollywood Casino Baton Rougeto focus on their long-term success along with the long-term success of the Company. We offer, among other things, competitive and Hollywood Casino Perryville. The Company believes its relationsbalanced compensation programs on par with its employees are good.
Somethose of our employees at Hollywood Casino Perryville are currently represented by labor unions. The Seafarers Entertainmentpeers and Allied Trade Union represents 145 ofcompetitors that include well-rounded healthcare, prescription drug and disability insurance benefits for our employees at Hollywood Casino Perryville underand their families, participation in a 401(k) plan, with a matching contribution by the Company, competitive paid time-off benefits, a parental leave program that applies to both women and men and an agreementemployee assistance plan that expires in January 2032. Additionally, United Industrial Service Transportation Professionalprovides professional support, access to special programs and Government Workers of North America and Local No. 27 United Food and Commercial Workers represent certain employees under collective bargaining agreements that expire in 2020 and 2032, respectively, neither of which represents more than 50 ofresources to our employees at Hollywood Casino Perryville.experiencing personal, work, financial or family related issues.


We are passionate about developing and growing our talent. We devote substantial efforts to retaining, motivating and supporting our employees by providing access to such benefits and opportunities as tuition reimbursement, professional development reimbursement and internal growth and advancement.

We view providing our employees with a healthy and safe working environment as essential. Our goal is to reduce the potential for injury or illness by maintaining safe working conditions, such as providing proper tools and training to all employees. Our corporate headquarters is a smoke-free environment. Additionally, we offer resources to our employees to encourage healthy habits, such as tobacco cessation and health coaches for those employees with certain chronic conditions, including but not limited to diabetes and asthma.

We are committed to upholding human dignity and equal opportunity under the principles outlined in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. This is formalized and evidenced by our Code of Business Conduct and our Vendor Code of Conduct.

Available Information
For more information about us, visit our website at www.glpropinc.com. The contents of our website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our electronic filings with the SEC (including all annual reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-Q/A, and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports), including the exhibits, are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with or furnish them to the SEC.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
Risk Factors Relating to Our Business
The majority of our revenues are dependent on Penn and its subsidiaries until we further diversify our portfolio. Any event that has a material adverse effect on Penn’s business, financial position or results of operations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.

The majority of our revenue is based on the revenue derived under our master leases with subsidiaries of Penn. Because these master leases are triple-net leases, we depend on Penn to operate the properties that we own in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow Penn to meet its obligations to us, including payment of rent and all insurance, taxes, utilities and maintenance and repair expenses, and to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities arising in connection with its business. There can be no assurance that Penn will have sufficient assets, income or access to financing to enable it to satisfy its payment obligations to us under the master leases. The ability of Penn to fulfill its obligations depends, in part, upon the overall profitability of its gaming operations and, other than limited contractual protections afforded to us as a landlord, we have no control over Penn or its operations. The inability or unwillingness of Penn to meet its subsidiaries’ rent obligations and other obligations under the master leases may materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations, including our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.

Due to our dependence on rental payments from Penn as a significant source of revenue, we may be limited in our ability to enforce our rights under the master leases. Failure by Penn to comply with the terms of its master leases or to comply with the gaming regulations to which the leased properties are subject could require us to find another lessee for such leased property. In such event, we may be unable to locate a suitable lessee at similar rental rates or at all, which would have the effect of reducing our rental revenues. Likewise, our financial position may be materially weakened if Penn failed to renew or extend any master lease as such lease expires and we are unable to lease or re-lease our properties on economically favorable terms.

Any event that has a material adverse effect on Penn’s business, financial position or results of operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations. In addition, continued consolidation in the gaming industry would increase our dependence on our existing tenants and could make it increasingly difficult for us to find alternative tenants for our properties.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of any of our tenants could result in termination of such tenant's lease and material losses to us.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of any of our tenants could diminish the income we receive from that tenant’s lease or leases. If a tenant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, federal law may prohibit us from evicting such tenant based solely upon such bankruptcy or insolvency. In addition, a bankrupt or insolvent tenant may be authorized to reject and terminate its lease or leases with us. Any claims against such bankrupt tenant for unpaid future rent would be subject to statutory limitations that would likely result in our receipt of rental revenues that are substantially less than the contractually specified rent we are owed under the lease or leases. In addition, any claim we have for unpaid past rent, if any, may not be paid in full. We may also be unable to re-lease a terminated or rejected space or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms. Moreover, tenants who are considering filing for bankruptcy protection may request amendments of their master leases to remove certain of the properties they lease from us under such master leases. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to sell or re-lease such properties or that lease termination fees, if any, received in exchange for such releases will be sufficient to make up for the rental revenues lost as a result of such lease amendments.
Our pursuit of investments in, and acquisitions or development of, additional properties may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and face competition from other REITs (including other gaming-focused REITs), investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, lenders, gaming companies (including gaming companies considering REIT structures) and other investors, some of whom are significantly larger and have greater resources and lower costs of capital. Increased competition may make it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives. If we cannot identify and purchase a sufficient number of investment properties at favorable prices or if we are unable to finance acquisitions on commercially favorable terms, our business, financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, the fact that we must distribute 90% of our net taxable income in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT may limit our ability to rely upon rental payments from our leased properties or subsequently acquired properties in order to finance acquisitions. As a result, if debt or equity financing is not available on acceptable terms, further acquisitions might be limited or curtailed and completing proposed acquisitions may be adversely impacted. Furthermore, fluctuations in the price of our common stock may impact our ability to finance additional acquisitions through the issuance of common stock and/or cause significant dilution.
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Investments in and acquisitions of gaming properties and other properties we might seek to acquire entail risks associated with real estate investments, including that the investment's performance will fail to meet expectations or that the tenant, operator or manager will underperform. Real estate development projects present other risks, including construction delays or cost overruns that increase expenses, the inability to obtain required zoning, occupancy and other governmental approvals and permits on a timely basis, and the incurrence of significant development costs prior to completion of the project.
We are dependent on the gaming industry and may be susceptible to the risks associated with it, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.
As the owner and landlord of gaming facilities, we are impacted by the risks associated with the gaming industry. Therefore, our success is to some degree dependent on the gaming industry, which could be adversely affected by economic conditions in general, changes in consumer trends and preferences and other factors over which we and our tenants have no control. As we are subject to risks inherent in substantial investments in a single industry, a decrease in the gaming business may have a greater adverse effect on our revenues than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio, particularly

because a component of the rent under our leases is based, over time, on the revenue of the gaming facilities operated by our tenants. Decreases in discretionary consumer spending brought about by weakened general economic conditions such as, but not limited to, high unemployment levels, higher income taxes, low levels of consumer confidence, weakness in the housing market, cultural and demographic changes, and increased stock market volatility may negatively impact our revenues and operating cash flow.
The gaming industry is characterized by an increasing number of gaming facilities with an increasingly high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land-based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming and other forms of gaming in the U.S. Furthermore, competition from alternative wagering products, such as internet lotteries, sweepstakes, social gaming products, daily fantasy sports and other internet wagering gaming services, online sports wagering or games of skill, which allow their customers a wagering alternative to the casino-style, such as remote home gaming or in non-casino settings, could divert customers from our properties and thus adversely affect our TRS Properties and the business of our tenants and, indirectly, our business. Present state or federal laws that restrict the forms of gaming authorized or the number of competitors that offer gaming in the applicable jurisdiction are subject to change and may increase the competition affecting our TRS Properties and the business of our tenants and, indirectly, our business. Currently, there are proposals that would legalize several forms of internet gaming and other alternative wagering products in a number of states. Further, several states have already approved intrastate internet gaming.gaming and sports betting. Expansion of internet gaming and sports betting in other jurisdictions could furthermay compete with our traditional operations, which could have an adverse impact on our business and result of operations.
The operations of our TRS Properties and of our tenants in our leased facilities are subject to disruptions or reduced patronage as a result of severe weather conditions, changing climate conditions, natural disasters and other casualty events. Because many of our facilities are located on or adjacent to bodies of water, they are subject to risks in addition to those associated with land-based facilities, including loss of service due to casualty, forces of nature, mechanical failure, extended or extraordinary maintenance, flood, hurricane or other severe weather and climate conditions. A component of the rent under our leases is based, over time, on the revenues of the gaming facilities operated by Penn Eldorado,and Boyd and Casino Queen on our properties; consequently, a casualty that leads to the loss of use of a casino facility subject to our leases for an extended period may negatively impact our revenues.
COVID-19 has had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our tenants' financial conditions and operations.
In December 2019, a new strain of novel coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported in China and shortly thereafter spread across the globe. This global pandemic outbreak led to unprecedented responses by federal, state and local officials. Certain responses have included mandates from authorities requiring temporary closures of or imposed limitations on the operations of many businesses in the attempt to mitigate the spread of infections. Unemployment levels rose sharply and economic activity levels declined dramatically as a result. The United States government implemented various significant aid packages to support the economy and credit markets to combat these declines.

Our TRS Properties and our tenants' casino operations were forced to close temporarily in mid-March through various dates into May and June 2020. Even though most of our properties recommenced operations to encouraging results, including certain locations where earnings were higher than the corresponding period in the prior year, it is uncertain whether these strong results will continue in future periods, particularly with the widespread increases in COVID-19 cases throughout the United States as a result of the Delta variant of COVID-19, which began to spread globally in the first half of 2021, and the more recent Omicron variant detected in November 2021, which appears to be the most transmissible variant to date. Although rent payments continue to be paid by our tenants, the temporary closures may result in lower variable rent reset amounts for the Penn Master Lease which resets in 2023.

Despite a recent decline in cases, hospitalizations and deaths in large portions of the United States, mask mandates, social distancing, travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders could be reinstated. The ultimate impact of COVID-19 and its
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variants on us is highly uncertain and subject to change and will depend on future developments, which cannot be accurately predicted, including the duration of the pandemic, continued emergence of new strains of COVID-19, the effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutics over time against current and future strains of COVID-19, additional or modified government actions, new information that will emerge concerning the severity and impact of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain COVID-19 or address its impact in the short and long term, among others.

We face extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities.
The ownership, operation, and management of gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. These regulations impact both our historical ownership and operation of the TRS Properties and the operations of our gaming tenants. Our historical ownership and operation of the TRS Properties subjectsubjected us, our officers, directors and shareholders to the jurisdiction of the gaming regulatory agencies in Louisiana and Maryland. Further, many gaming and racing regulatory agencies in the jurisdictions in which our tenants operate require GLPI, its affiliates and certain officers and directors to maintain licenses as a key business entity, principal affiliate, business entity qualifier, operator, supplier or key person because of GLPI's status as landlord. For GLPI to maintain such licenses in good standing, certain of GLPI's officers directors and shareholdersdirectors are also required to maintain licenses or a finding of suitability.
Many jurisdictions also require any person who acquires beneficial ownership of more than a certain percentage of securities of a company licensed in such jurisdiction, typically 5%, to report the acquisition to gaming authorities, and gaming authorities may require such holders to apply for qualification or a finding of suitability, subject to limited exceptions for "institutional investors" that hold a company's voting securities for passive investment purposes only. Some jurisdictions may also limit the number of gaming licenses or gaming facilities in which a person may hold an ownership or a controlling interest. Subject to certain administrative proceeding requirements, the gaming regulators have the authority to deny any application or limit, condition, restrict, revoke or suspend any license, registration, finding of suitability or approval, or fine any person licensed, registered or found suitable or approved, for any cause deemed reasonable by the gaming authorities.
Additionally, substantially all material loans, significant acquisitions, leases, sales of securities and similar financing transactions by us and our subsidiaries must be reported to and in some cases approved by gaming authorities in advance of the transaction. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries may make a public offering of securities without the prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Changes in control through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions, management or consulting agreements, or otherwise are subject to receipt of prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Entities seeking to acquire control of GLPI or one of its subsidiaries must satisfy gaming authorities with respect to a variety of stringent licensing standards prior to assuming control.
Required regulatory approvals can delay or prohibit transfers of our gaming properties, which could result in periods in which we are unable to receive rent for such properties.
The tenants of our gaming properties are operators of gaming facilities and must be licensed under applicable state law. Prior to the transfer of gaming facilities, including a controlling interest, the new owner or operator generally must become licensed under applicable state law. In the event that any current lease or any future lease agreement we enter into is terminated

or expires and a new tenant is found, any delays in the new tenant receiving regulatory approvals from the applicable state government agencies, or the inability to receive such approvals, may prolong the period during which we are unable to collect the applicable rent.
We may not achieve the intended benefits from the Tropicana Acquisition or the Boyd Master Lease, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

We consummated the Tropicana Acquisition on October 1, 2018 and entered into a master lease agreement with Boyd on October 15, 2018. However, our ability to successfully realize the expected benefits of these transactions is largely dependent upon Eldorado’s and Boyd’s respective ability to operate our properties in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow Eldorado and Boyd to meet their obligations to us, including payment of rent, loan interest and all insurance, taxes, utilities and maintenance and repair expenses, and to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities arising in connection with their respective businesses. We cannot guarantee that either Eldorado or Boyd will maintain its operations in a profitable manner and, other than limited contractual protections afforded to us as a landlord and, under limited circumstances, as a lender, we have no control over either Eldorado’s or Boyd’s business or finances. Our financial position could be materially weakened if either Eldorado or Boyd were unable to meet its obligations to us or failed to renew or extend any lease as such lease expires, or if we were unable to lease or re-lease our properties on economically favorable terms.

In addition, we made a short-term loan to Eldorado in the amount of $246.0 million in connection with Eldorado’s acquisition of Tropicana’s Lumière Place property, and we made a mortgage loan to Boyd in the amount of $57.7 million in connection with Boyd’s acquisition of the Belterra Park property. In our capacity as a lender, we have fewer protections available to us with respect to these properties than we would have as a landlord, and there are regulatory restrictions that may prevent our ability to take possession of these properties upon a default by the borrower. In addition, on the one-year anniversary of the Eldorado loan, the mortgage and the related deed of trust on the Lumière Place property terminated and the loan will continue unsecured until its final maturity on the second anniversary of the loan.  If Eldorado or Boyd are unable or unwilling to satisfy their respective obligations to us under these loans in a timely manner or at all, our business and/or our financial position could be materially and adversely affected.

Our pursuit of strategic acquisitions unrelated to the gaming industry may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations.

We may pursue strategic acquisitions of real property assets unrelated to the gaming industry, including acquisitions that may be complementary to our existing gaming properties.  Our management does not possess the same level of expertise with the dynamics and market conditions applicable to non-gaming assets, which could adversely affect the results of our expansion into other asset classes.  In addition, we may be unable to achieve our desired return on our investments in new or adjacent asset classes.
Our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our outstanding stock, which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or change of control of our company.
In order for us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of each taxable year after the first year for which GLPI elected to qualify to be taxed as a REIT (2014). Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own GLPI stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year (other than the first taxable year for which GLPI elected to be taxed as a REIT). GLPI's charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes the Board of Directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve GLPI's qualification as a REIT. GLPI's charter also provides that, subject to certain exceptions approved
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by the Board of Directors, no person may beneficially or constructively own more than 7% in value or in number, whichever is more restrictive, of GLPI's outstanding shares of all classes and series of stock. The constructive ownership rules are complex and may cause shares of stock owned directly or constructively by a group of related individuals or entities to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control of GLPI that might involve a premium price for shares of GLPI stock or otherwise be in the best interests of GLPI shareholders. The acquisition of less than 7% of our outstanding stock by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity to own beneficially or constructively in excess of 7% in value of our outstanding stock, and thus violate our charter's ownership limit. Our charter prohibits any person from owning shares of our stock that would result in our being "closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Code. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our stock in violation of these restrictions may result in the transfer being automatically void. GLPI's charter also provides that shares of GLPI's capital stock acquired or held in excess of the ownership limit will be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a designated charitable beneficiary, and that any person who acquires shares of GLPI's capital stock in violation of the ownership limit will not be entitled to any dividends on the shares or be entitled to vote the shares or receive any proceeds from the subsequent sale of the shares in excess of the lesser of the market price on the day the shares were transferred to the trust or the amount realized from the sale. GLPI or its designee

will have the right to purchase the shares from the trustee at this calculated price as well. A transfer of shares of GLPI's capital stock in violation of the limit may be void under certain circumstances. GLPI's 7% ownership limitation may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of GLPI, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for GLPI's shareholders. To assist GLPI in complying with applicable gaming laws, our charter also provides that capital stock of GLPI that is owned or controlled by an unsuitable person or an affiliate of an unsuitable person will be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a designated charitable beneficiary, and that any such unsuitable person or affiliate will not be entitled to any dividends on the shares or be entitled to vote the shares or receive any proceeds from the subsequent sale of the shares in excess of the lesser of the price paid by the unsuitable person or affiliate for the shares or the amount realized from the sale, in each case less a discount in a percentage (up to 100%) to be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion. The shares shall additionally be redeemable by GLPI, out of funds legally available for that redemption, to the extent required by the gaming authorities making the determination of unsuitability or to the extent determined to be necessary or advisable by our Board of Directors, at a redemption price equal to the lesser of (i) the market price on the date of the redemption notice, (ii) the market price on the redemption date, or (iii) the actual amount paid for the shares by the owner thereof, in each case less a discount in a percentage (up to 100%) to be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion.
Pennsylvania law and provisions in our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent takeover attempts by third parties and therefore inhibit our shareholders from realizing a premium on their stock.
Our charter and bylaws, in addition to Pennsylvania law, contain provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage prospective acquirors to negotiate with our Board of Directors rather than to attempt a hostile takeover. Our charter and bylaws, among other things (i) permit the Board of Directors, without further action of the shareholders, to issue and fix the terms of preferred stock, which may have rights senior to those of the common stock; (ii) establish certain advance notice procedures for shareholder proposals, and require all director candidates to be recommended by the nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board of Directors following the affirmative determination by the nominating and corporate governance committee that such nominee is likely to meet the applicable suitability requirements of any federal, state or local regulatory body having jurisdiction over us; (iii) provide that a director may only be removed by shareholders for cause and upon the vote of 75% of the shares entitled to vote; (iv) do not permit direct nomination by shareholders of nominees for election to the Board of Directors, but instead permit shareholders to recommend potential nominees to our Compensationnominating and Governance Committee;corporate governance committee; (v) require shareholders to have beneficially owned at least 1% of our outstanding common stock in order to recommend a person for nomination for election to the Board of Directors, or to present a shareholder proposal, for action at a shareholders' meeting; and (vi) provide for supermajoritysuper majority approval requirements for amending or repealing certain provisions in our charter and in order to approve an amendment or repeal of any provision of our bylaws that has not been proposed by our Board of Directors.
In addition, specific anti-takeover provisions in Pennsylvania law could make it more difficult for a third party to attempt a hostile takeover. These provisions require (i) approval of certain transactions by a majority of the voting stock other than that held by the potential acquirer; (ii) the acquisition at "fair value" of all the outstanding shares not held by an acquirer of 20% or more; (iii) a five-year moratorium on certain "business combination" transactions with an "interested shareholder;" (iv) the loss by interested shareholders of their voting rights over "control shares;" (v) the disgorgement of profits realized by an interested shareholder from certain dispositions of our shares; and (vi) severance payments for certain employees and prohibiting termination of certain labor contracts.
We believe these provisions will protect our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors and by providing our Board of Directors with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. These provisions are not intended to make GLPI immune from takeovers or to prevent a
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transaction from occurring. However, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors determines is not in the best interests of GLPI. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.

We may experience uninsured or underinsuredunder insured losses, which could result in a significant loss of the capital we have invested in a property, decrease anticipated future revenues or cause us to incur unanticipated expense.
While our leases require, and new lease agreements are expected to require, that comprehensive insurance and hazard insurance be maintained by the tenants, a tenant's failure to comply could lead to an uninsured or underinsuredunder insured loss and there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover such uninsured or underinsuredunder insured amounts from such tenant. Further, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Insurance coverage may not be sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement cost of a loss. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors also might make it infeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace the property after such property has been damaged or

destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received might not be adequate to restore the economic position with respect to such property.
If we or one of our tenants experience a loss that is uninsured, or that exceeds our or our tenant's policy coverage limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties. In addition, if the damaged properties were subject to recourse indebtedness, we could continue to be liable for the indebtedness even if these properties were irreparably damaged.
In addition, even if damage to our properties is covered by insurance, a disruption of our or our tenant's business caused by a casualty event may result in the loss of business or tenants. The business interruption insurance we or our tenant's carry may not fully compensate us for the loss of business or tenants due to an interruption caused by a casualty event.
A disruption in the financial markets may make it more difficult to evaluate the stability, net assets and capitalization of insurance companies and any insurer's ability to meet its claim payment obligations. A failure of an insurance company to make payments to us or our tenantstenant's upon an event of loss covered by an insurance policy could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile, and holders of our common stock could lose a significant portion of their investment if the market price of our common stock declines.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile, and shareholders may not be able to resell their shares of our common stock at or above the price at which they acquired the common stock due to fluctuations in its market price, including changes in price caused by factors unrelated to our performance or prospects.
Specific factors that may have a significant effect on the market price for our common stock include, among others, the following:
•changes in stock market analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding our common stock or other comparable REITs;

•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue stream or future prospects;

•strategic actions taken by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions;

•our failure to close pending acquisitions;

•our failure to achieve the perceived benefits of our acquisitions, including financial results, as rapidly as or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business and operations or the gaming industry;

•changes in tax or accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;

•changes in the interest rate environment;environment and/or the impact of rising inflation;

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•adverse conditions in the financial markets or general U.S. or international economic conditions, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism and responses to such events; and

•sales of our common stock by members of our management team or other significant shareholders.
Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with real estate properties owned by us may materially impair the value of those investments.
As an owner of real property, we are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Although we do not operate or manage most of our properties, we may be held primarily or jointly and severally liable for costs relating to the investigation and clean-up of any property from which there has been a release or threatened release of a regulated material as well as other affected properties, regardless of whether we knew of or caused the release.

In addition to these costs, which are typically not limited by law or regulation and could exceed the property's value, we could be liable for certain other costs, including governmental fines and injuries to persons, property or natural resources. Further, some environmental laws create a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and the costs the government incurs in connection with such contamination.
Although we require our operators and tenants to undertake to indemnify us for certain environmental liabilities, including environmental liabilities they cause, the amount of such liabilities could exceed the financial ability of the tenant or operator to indemnify us. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral.
Changes to U.S. federal income tax laws could materially and adversely affect us and our shareholders.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act made significant changes to the federal income taxation of individuals and corporations under the Code, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. In addition to reducing corporate and individual income tax rates, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminates or restricts various deductions that, along with other provisions, may change the way that we calculate our REIT taxable income and our TRS’s taxable income. Significant provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that investors should be aware of include provisions that: (i) lower the corporate income tax rate to 21%, (ii) provide noncorporate taxpayers with a deduction of up to 20% of certain income earned through partnerships and REITs, (iii) limit the net operating loss deduction to 80% of taxable income, where taxable income is determined without regard to the net operating loss deduction itself, generally eliminates net operating loss carrybackscarry backs and allowsallow unused net operating losses to be carried forward indefinitely, (iv) expand the ability of businesses to deduct the cost of certain property investments in the year in which the property is purchased, (v) generally lower tax rates for individuals and other noncorporate taxpayers, while limiting deductions such as miscellaneous itemized deductions and state and local tax deductions, and (vi) limit the deduction for net interest expense incurred by a business to 30% of the "adjusted taxable income" of the taxpayer, but do not apply to certain small-business taxpayers or electing real property trades or businesses, including REITs. The effect of these, and the many other, changes made is highly uncertain, both in terms of their direct effect on the taxation of holders of our common stock and their indirect effect on the value of our assets or market conditions generally. In addition, future changes in tax laws, including the proposed tax agenda presented by the Biden administration, or tax rulings, could affect our effective tax rate, the tax rate of shareholders of our stock, and overall benefit of maintaining our status as a REIT. For example, the reduction in the corporate income tax rate resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could be reduced or rescinded, individual tax rates may increase, and the §199A deduction for REIT dividends could be phased out.

We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.

We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions over the internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems; result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants and/or missed reporting deadlines; result in our inability to monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations
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regarding our qualification as a REIT; result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of certain agreements; or damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.
The historical financial information included in this filing may not be a reliable indicator of future results.
The historical financial statements included herein do not reflect what the business, financial position or results of operations of GLPI may be in the future.





Risk Factors Relating to our Status as a REIT
If we do not qualify to be taxed as a REIT, or fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular corporation and could face a substantial tax liability, which may reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We elected on our 2014 U.S. federal income tax return to be treated as a REIT and intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. We currently operate, and intend to continue to operate, in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We received an opinion from our special tax advisors, Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz and KPMG LLP (collectively the "Special Tax Advisors"), with respect to our qualification as a REIT in connection with the Spin-Off. Opinions of advisors are not binding on the IRS or any court. The opinions of the Special Tax Advisors represent only the view of the Special Tax Advisors based on their review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us, including representations relating to the values of our assets and the sources of our income. The opinions are expressed as of the date issued. The Special Tax Advisors have no obligation to advise us or the holders of our common stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinions of Special Tax Advisors and our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis, the results of which are not monitored by the Special Tax Advisors. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals.
Penn has received a private letter ruling from the IRS with respect to certain issues relevant to our qualification as a REIT. In general, the ruling provides, subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, that (1) certain of the assets to be held by us after the Spin-Off and (2) the methodology for calculating a certain portion of rent received by us pursuant to the Penn Master Lease will not adversely affect our qualification as a REIT. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification as a REIT on the basis of other issues or facts outside the scope of the ruling.
If we were to fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code and violations of these provisions could jeopardize our REIT qualifications.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT depends on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify to be taxed as a REIT may depend in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence.
We could fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT if income we receive from Penn, Eldorado, Boyd,our tenants, or their subsidiaries, is not treated as qualifying income.
Under applicable provisions of the Code, we will not be treated as a REIT unless we satisfy various requirements, including requirements relating to the sources of our gross income. Rents received or accrued by us from Penn, Eldorado, Boyd,our tenants or their subsidiaries, will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of these requirements if the Penn Master Lease, Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, Eldorado Master Lease or Boyd Master Lease isour leases are not respected as a true leaseleases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and isare instead treated as a service contract,contracts, joint ventureventures or some other type of arrangement.arrangements. If the Penn Master Lease, Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, Eldorado Master Lease or Boyd Master Lease isany leases are not respected as a true lease for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. Furthermore, our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the asset
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tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals.

In addition, subject to certain exceptions, rents received or accrued by us from Penn, Eldorado, Boyd, or their subsidiaries,our tenants will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of these requirements if we or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our stock actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of Penn stock, Eldorado stock or Boydsuch respective tenant's stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of Penn stock, Eldorado stock or Boydsuch respective tenants stock. Our charter provides for restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares of stock, including restrictions on such ownership or transfer that would cause the rents received or accrued by us from Penn, Eldorado, Boyd, or their subsidiaries,our tenants, to be treated as non-qualifying rent for purposes of the REIT gross income requirements. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that such restrictions will be effective in ensuring that rents received or accrued by us from Penn, Eldorado, Boyd,our tenants or their subsidiaries, will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of REIT qualification requirements.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to income from "qualified dividends" payable by U.S. corporations to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is currently 20%. Ordinary dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. However, for taxable years that begin after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026: (i) the U.S. federal income tax brackets generally applicable to ordinary income of individuals, trusts and estates have been modified (with the rates generally reduced) and (ii) shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates are generally entitled to a deduction equal to 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary income dividends received from a REIT (not including dividends that are eligible for the reduced rates applicable to "qualified dividend income" or treated as capital gain dividends), subject to certain limitations.
The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts or estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our stock, even taking into account the lower 37% maximum rate for ordinary income and the 20% deduction for ordinary REIT dividends received in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, in order to qualify to be taxed as a REIT (assuming that certain other requirements are also satisfied) so that U.S. federal corporate income tax does not apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices, distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, or pay dividends in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property, including potentially, shares of our common stock, to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our stock. Restrictions on our indebtedness, including restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness or make certain distributions, could preclude us from meeting the 90% distribution requirement. Decreases in funds from operations due to unfinanced expenditures for acquisitions of properties or increases in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding without commensurate increases in funds from operations each would adversely affect our ability to maintain distributions to our shareholders. Moreover, the failure of Penn to make rental payments under the Penn Master Lease, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease or the Meadows Lease, as applicable, would materially impair our ability to make distributions. Consequently, there can be no assurance that we will be able to make distributions at the anticipated distribution rate or any other rate.
Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.
Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state, and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. For example, we holdheld certain of our assets and conductconducted related activities through TRS subsidiary corporations that arewere subject to

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federal, state, and local corporate-level income taxes as regular C corporations as well as state and local gaming taxes. In addition, we may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS if they are not conducted on an arm's-length basis. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive acquisition opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consist of cash, cash items, government securities and "real estate assets" (as defined in the Code), including certain mortgage loans and securities. The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate or forego otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders.
In addition to the asset tests set forth above, to qualify to be taxed as a REIT we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the amounts we distribute to shareholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source-of-income or asset-diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. Income from certain hedging transactions that we may enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets or from transactions to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that satisfy the REIT gross income tests (including gain from the termination of such a transaction) does not constitute "gross income" for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that apply to REITs, provided that certain identification requirements are met. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions or fail to properly identify such transaction as a hedge, the income is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may be required to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because the TRS may be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates that we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in the TRS will generally not provide any tax benefit, except that such losses could theoretically be carried back or forward against past or future taxable income in the TRS.
We could be subject to tax on any unrealized net built-in gains on the assets held before electing to be treated as a REIT and on the assets acquired from Pinnacle (prior to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger), which could have a material and adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We own appreciated assets that were held by a C corporation before we elected to be treated as a REIT and were acquired in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis of the assets in our ownership is determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the C corporation. If we dispose of any such appreciated assets during the five-year period following our acquisition of the assets from the C corporation (i.e., during the five-year period following our qualification as a REIT), we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate tax rates on any gain from such assets to the extent of the excess of the fair market value of the assets on the date that they were acquired by us over the adjusted tax basis of such assets on such date, which are referred to as built-in gains. The assets acquired from Pinnacle (prior to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger) are expected to have significant built-in-gains. Because, prior to the original Pinnacle transaction, Pinnacle was a C corporation, if we dispose of any such appreciated assets during the five-year period following the transactions, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate tax rates on any gain from such assets to the extent of the built-in-gain in such assets at the time of the transaction.
We would be subject to this tax liability even if we continue to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT. Any recognized built-in gain will retain our character as ordinary income or capital gain and will be taken into account in determining REIT taxable income and our distribution requirement. Any tax on the recognized built-in gain will reduce REIT taxable income. We may choose not to sell in a taxable transaction appreciated assets we might otherwise sell during the five-

year period in which the built-in gain tax applies in order to avoid the built-in gain tax. However, there can be no assurances that such a taxable transaction will not occur. If we sell such assets in a taxable transaction, the amount of corporate tax that we will pay will vary depending on the actual amount of net built-in gain or loss present in those assets as of the time we became a REIT. The amount of tax could be significant.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
We may have future capital needs and may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms.
As of December 31, 2019,2021, we had approximately $5.7$6.6 billion in long-term indebtedness, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts, consisting of:
•$495.0424.0 million of total indebtedness outstanding under our senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit"Amended Credit Facility") (consisting of the $449.0 million Term Loan A-1 facility and $46.0 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility) and approximately $1,128.6 million available for borrowing under our revolver (including $0.4 million of contingent obligations under letters of credit);

•$5,290.26,175.0 million of outstanding senior unsecured notes; and

•approximately $1.0$0.7 million of finance lease liabilities related to certain assets.
We may incur additional indebtedness in the future to refinance our existing indebtedness or to finance newly-acquired properties. Any significant additional indebtedness could require a substantial portion of our cash flow to make interest and principal payments due on our indebtedness. Greater demands on our cash resources may reduce funds available to us to pay dividends, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, or carry out other aspects of our business strategy. Increased indebtedness may also limit our ability to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions, make us more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions and create competitive disadvantages for us compared to other companies with relatively lower debt levels and/or borrowing costs. Increased future debt service obligations may limit our operational
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flexibility, including our ability to acquire properties, finance or refinance our properties, contribute properties to joint ventures or sell properties as needed. If we incur additional indebtedness or such other obligations, the risks associated with our leverage, including our possible inability to service our debt, may increase.
We may be unable to obtain additional financing or financing on favorable terms or our operating cash flow may be insufficient to satisfy our financial obligations under indebtedness outstanding from time to time (if any). If financing is not available when needed, or is available on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to develop new or enhance our existing properties, complete acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have a material amount of indebtedness which could have significant effects on our business including the following:
•it may limit our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements and general corporate or other purposes;

•a material portion of our cash flows will be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, including indebtedness we may incur in the future, and will not be available for other purposes, including to make acquisitions;

•it could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate and place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged;

•it could make us more vulnerable to downturns in general economic or industry conditions or in our business, or prevent us from carrying out activities that are important to our growth;

•it could increase our interest expense if interest rates in general increase because our indebtedness under the Amended Credit Facility bears interest at floating rates;

•it could limit our ability to take advantage of strategic business opportunities;



•it could make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness. Any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of our indebtedness under the Amended Credit Facility and other outstanding debt obligations; and

•it could impact our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.

We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our Amended Credit Facility or from other debt financing, in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt service obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness, selling assets or seeking to raise additional capital, including by issuing equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities. Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt service requirements or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms may have an adverse effect, which could be material to our business, financial position or results of operations.
Our shareholders may be subject to significant dilution caused by the additional issuance of equity securities.
If and when additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity securities, including under our "at the market" offering program relating to our common stock (the "ATM Program") or in connection with future acquisitions, our shareholders may experience significant dilution. Additionally, sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, make it more difficult for our shareholders to sell their GLPI common stock at a time and price that they deem appropriate and impair our future ability to raise capital through an offering of our equity securities.

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Adverse changes in our credit rating may affect our borrowing capacity and borrowing terms.
Our outstanding debt is periodically rated by nationally recognized credit rating agencies. The credit ratings are based upon our operating performance, liquidity and leverage ratios, overall financial position, and other factors viewed by the credit rating agencies as relevant to both our industry and the economic outlook. Our credit rating may affect the amount of capital we can access, as well as the terms of any financing we obtain. Because we rely in part on debt financing to fund growth, the absence of an investment grade credit rating or any credit rating downgrade may have a negative effect on our future growth.
If we cannot obtain additional capital, our growth may be limited.
As described above, in order to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT each year, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our shareholders. As a result, our retained earnings available to fund acquisitions, development, or other capital expenditures are nominal, and we rely upon the availability of additional debt or equity capital to fund these activities. Our long-term ability to grow through acquisitions or development, which is an important component of our strategy, may be limited if we cannot obtain additional debt financing or raise equity capital. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain debt financing or raise equity capital, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain such capital on favorable terms.
An increase in market interest rates could increase our interest costs on existing and future debt and could adversely affect our stock price.
If interest rates increase, so could our interest costs for any new debt and our variable rate debt obligations. This increased cost could make the financing of any acquisition more costly, as well as lower our current period earnings. Rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing. In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the access third parties have to credit, thereby decreasing the amount they are willing to pay for our assets and consequently limiting our ability to reposition our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Further, the dividend yield on our common stock, as a percentage of the price of such common stock, may influence the price of such common stock. Thus, an increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of our common stock to expect a higher dividend yield, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
The majority of our debt is at fixed rates and our exposure to variable interest rates is currently limited to our revolving credit facilityAmended Credit Facility and our Term Loan A-1.A-2. Both of these debt instruments are indexed to LIBOR which is expected to be

phased out during late 2021.between December 31, 2021 through June 30, 2023. The discontinuance of LIBOR would affect our interest expense and earnings. As the Term Loan A-1 matures in mid-2021, only theThe borrowings under our revolverAmended Credit Facility will be subject to the expected LIBOR transition. LIBOR is currently expected to transition to a new standard rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). We are currently monitoring the transition and cannot be certain whether SOFR will become the standard rate for our variable rate debt. However, the transition away from LIBOR rates will likely require us to renegotiate our revolving credit facility, which does not provide for reference rate replacement. We intend to continue to monitor the developments with respect to the phase out of LIBOR after 2021 and work with our lenders to minimize the impact of any LIBOR transition on our financial condition and results of operations, but can provide no assurances regarding the impact of the discontinuance of LIBOR.
Covenants in our debt agreements may limit our operational flexibility, and a covenant breach or default could materially adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain customary covenants, including restrictions on our ability to grant liens on our assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations and pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. Specifically, our debt agreements contain the following financial covenants: a maximum total debt to total asset value ratio of 60% (subject to increase to 65% for specified periods in connection with certain acquisitions), a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.5 to 1, a maximum senior secured debt to total asset value ratio of 40% and a maximum unsecured debt to unencumbered asset value ratio of 60%. These restrictions may limit our operational flexibility. Covenants that limit our operational flexibility as well as defaults under our debt instruments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.
Risk Factors Relating to Our Acquisition of Penn, Pinnacle and Tropicana's Gaming Properties
Our recourse against Tropicana, including for any breaches under the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement or the Tropicana Merger Agreement, is limited.

As is customary for a public company target in a merger and acquisition transaction, Tropicana has no obligation to indemnify us or EldoradoCaesars for any breaches of its representations and warranties or covenants included in the Tropicana Merger Agreement and the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement, or for any pre-closing liabilities or claims. While we have certain arrangements in place with EldoradoCaesars in connection with certain limited pre-closing liabilities, if any issues arise post-closing (other than as provided for in the EldoradoAmended and Restated Caesars Master Lease), we may not be entitled to sufficient, or
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any, indemnification or recourse from Tropicana or Eldorado,Caesars, which could have a materially adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
Penn has contractual obligations to indemnify us for certain liabilities, including liabilities as successor in interest to Pinnacle. However, there can be no assurance that these indemnities will be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that Penn's ability to satisfy its and Pinnacle's indemnification obligations will not be impaired in the future.
Penn has contractual obligations to indemnify us for certain liabilities, including liabilities as successor in interest to Pinnacle. However, third parties could seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that Penn and Pinnacle agreed to retain, and there can be no assurance that Penn will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Penn any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses while seeking recovery from Penn and such recovery could have a material adverse impact on Penn's financial condition and ability to pay rent due under the Penn Master Lease and/or the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease.
Risk Factors Relating to Our Spin-Off from Penn
If the Spin-Off, together with certain related transactions, does not qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, GLPI could be subject to significant tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, GLPI could be required to indemnify Penn for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement.
Penn has received a private letter ruling from the IRS substantially to the effect that, among other things, the Spin-Off, together with the required compliance exchanges and certain related transactions, will qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and/or 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code (the "IRS Ruling"). The IRS Ruling does not address certain requirements for tax-free treatment of the Spin-Off under Section 355, and Penn received from its tax advisors a tax opinion substantially to the effect that, with respect to such requirements on which the IRS will not rule, such requirements have been satisfied. The IRS Ruling, and the tax opinions that Penn received from its tax advisors, relied on, among other things, certain representations, assumptions and undertakings, including those relating to the past and future conduct of GLPI's business, and the IRS Ruling and the opinions would not be valid if such representations, assumptions and undertakings were incorrect in any material respect.

Notwithstanding the IRS Ruling and the tax opinions, the IRS could determine the Spin-Off should be treated as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes if it determines any of the representations, assumptions or undertakings that were included in the request for the IRS Ruling are false or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinions that are not covered by the IRS Ruling.
Under a Tax Matters Agreement that GLPI entered into with Penn, GLPI generally is required to indemnify Penn against any tax resulting from the Spin-Off to the extent that such tax resulted from (i) an acquisition of all or a portion of the equity securities or assets of GLPI, whether by merger or otherwise, (ii) other actions or failures to act by GLPI, or (iii) any of GLPI's representations or undertakings being incorrect or violated. GLPI's indemnification obligations to Penn and its subsidiaries, officers and directors will not be limited by any maximum amount. If GLPI is required to indemnify Penn or such other persons under the circumstance set forth in the Tax Matters Agreement, GLPI may be subject to substantial liabilities.
Potential indemnification liabilities of GLPI pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement could materially adversely affect GLPI.
The Separation and Distribution Agreement between GLPI and Penn provides for, among other things, the principal corporate transactions required to effect the separation, certain conditions to the separation and provisions governing the relationship between GLPI and Penn with respect to and resulting from the separation.
Among other things, the Separation and Distribution Agreement provides for indemnification obligations designed to make us financially responsible for substantially all liabilities that may result relating to or arising out of our business. If GLPI is required to indemnify Penn under the circumstances set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement, GLPI may be subject to substantial liabilities.
ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES
Rental Properties
As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company had 4150 rental properties, consisting of the real property associated with 3234 gaming and related facilities operated by Penn, the real property associated with five7 gaming and related facilities operated by Eldorado,Caesars, the real property associated with three4 gaming and related facilities operated by Boyd, and the real property associated with Maryland Live Casino and Hotel in Hanover, Maryland , the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by Casino Queen in East St. Louis, Illinois.and 2 gaming and related facilities operated by Bally's. All rental properties are subject to long-term triple-net leases. For additional information pertaining to our tenant leases and our rental properties see Item 1.
GLPI Financed PropertyTRS Segment
As of December 31, 2019,Tropicana Las Vegas
On April 16, 2020, the Company hadand certain of its subsidiaries closed on its previously announced transaction to acquire the real property associated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for rent credits of $307.5 million, which were applied against future rent obligations due under the parties' existing leases during 2020. An affiliate of Penn will continue to operate the casino and hotel business of the Tropicana Las Vegas pursuant to a financial interest in one casino property through atriple net lease with GLPI for nominal rent for the earlier of two years (subject to three one-year extensions at the Company's option) or until the Tropicana Las Vegas is sold.
On April 13, 2021, Bally's agreed to acquire the Company's non-land real estate loan to the respective casino owner-operator. For additional information pertaining to this property see Item 1.
TRS Properties
Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge
Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge is a dockside riverboat casino located on approximately 21.1 acres, which we own, on the east bankassets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas for $150.0 million. The Company will retain ownership of the Mississippi Riverland and concurrently enter into a 50-year ground lease with an initial annual rent of $10.5 million. The ground lease will be supported by a Bally's corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the East Baton Rouge Downtown Development District. The property site serves as the dockside embarkation for Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and features a two-story building. We also own approximately 4.0 acressecond half of land which features a railroad underpass that provides unimpeded access to the casino property.2022.
Hollywood Casino Perryville
We own 36.3 acres of land in Perryville, Maryland where Hollywood Casino Perryville is located. The property is located directly off Interstate 95 in Cecil County, Maryland just 35 miles northeast of Baltimore and 70 miles from Washington, D.C.

See Item 1 for further information pertaining to our TRS Properties.

Corporate Office

The Company's corporate headquarters building is located in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania and is owned by the Company.


ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is subject to various legal and administrative proceedings relating to personal injuries, employment matters, commercial transactions and other matters arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the finalfinancial outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. In addition, the Company maintains what it believes is adequate insurance coverage to further mitigate the risks of such proceedings. However, such proceedings can be costly, time consuming and unpredictable and, therefore, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of such proceedings may not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations. Further, no assurance can be given that the amount or scope of existing insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover losses arising from such matters.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.


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PART II
ITEM 5.   MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "GLPI." As of February 18, 2020,14, 2022, there were approximately 714723 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividend Policy
The Company's annual dividend is greater than or equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income on an annual basis, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT annually distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income.
Cash available for distribution to GLPI shareholders is derived from income from real estate and the income of the TRS Properties.Segment. All distributions will be made by GLPI at the discretion of its Board of Directors and will depend on the financial position, results of operations, cash flows, capital requirements, debt covenants, applicable laws and other factors as the Board of Directors of GLPI deems relevant. See Note 1618 to the consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements for further details on dividends.


ITEM 6.   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATARESERVED
The following selected consolidated financial and operating data for the five-year period ended December 31, 2019 is derived from our consolidated financial statements. The selected consolidated financial and operating data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the other financial information included herein.

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 Year Ended December 31,
 
2019 (1)
 
2018 (1) 
 
2017 (1) 
 
2016 (1)
 2015
 (in thousands, except per share data)
Income statement data: 
  
  
  
  
Total revenues$1,153,473
 $1,055,727
 $971,307
 $828,255
 $575,053
Total operating expenses436,050
 461,917
 365,789
 347,632
 317,638
Income from operations717,423
 593,810
 605,518
 480,623
 257,415
Total other expenses321,778
 249,330
 215,133
 183,773
 121,851
Income before income taxes395,645
 344,480
 390,385
 296,850
 135,564
Income tax expense4,764
 4,964
 9,787
 7,545
 7,442
Net income$390,881
 $339,516
 $380,598
 $289,305
 $128,122
Per share data: 
  
  
  
  
Basic earnings per common share$1.82
 $1.59
 $1.80
 $1.62
 $1.12
Diluted earnings per common share$1.81
 $1.58
 $1.79
 $1.60
 $1.08
Weighted shares outstanding - Basic214,667
 213,720
 210,705
 178,594
 114,432
Weighted shares outstanding - Diluted215,786
 214,779
 212,752
 180,622
 118,439
Cash dividends per common share declared and paid$2.74
 $2.57
 $2.50
 $2.32
 $2.18
Other data: 
  
  
  
  
Net cash provided by operating activities$750,302
 $654,433
 $598,711
 $514,370
 $319,688
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(2,817) (1,509,784) 698
 (3,218,616) (14,142)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(746,445) 852,080
 (606,911) 2,698,927
 (299,644)
Depreciation and amortization258,971
 148,365
 123,835
 115,717
 109,783
Straight-line rent adjustments34,574
 61,888
 65,971
 58,673
 55,825
Impairment charges (2)
13,000
 59,454
 —
 —
 —
Collections of principal payments on investment in direct financing lease (3)
—
 38,459
 73,072
 48,533
 —
Interest expense301,520
 247,684
 217,068
 185,896
 124,183
Balance sheet data: 
  
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents$26,823
 $25,783
 $29,054
 $36,556
 $41,875
Real estate investments, net (3)
7,100,555
 7,331,460
 3,662,045
 3,739,091
 2,090,059
Investment in direct financing lease, net (3)
—
 —
 2,637,639
 2,710,711
 —
Total assets8,434,298
 8,577,293
 7,246,882
 7,369,330
 2,448,155
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts5,737,962
 5,853,497
 4,442,880
 4,664,965
 2,510,341
Shareholders' equity (deficit)2,074,245
 2,265,607
 2,458,247
 2,433,869
 (253,514)
Property Data:         
Number of rental properties owned at year end41
 42
 36
 34
 19
Rentable square feet at year end21,527
 21,847
 15,198
 14,799
 6,970


(1)
In October 2018, the Company purchased the real property assets of five Tropicana properties for approximately $992.5 million. These assets were subsequently leased to Eldorado under a triple-net master lease. Also in October 2018, the Company purchased Plainridge Park from Penn for $250.9 million in conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger. This property was leased back to Penn under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The purchase of these assets contributed to the Company's growth in asset base as well as improved financial performance during fiscal years 2019 and 2018.
In April 2016, the Company purchased substantially allTable of the real property assets of Pinnacle for approximately $4.8 billion. The purchase of these assets, which were subsequently leased back to Pinnacle under a triple-net lease and financed through a combination of debt and equity, contributed to the Company's significant growth in asset base as well as improved financial performance during fiscal years 2017 and 2016. To a lesser extent, the purchase of the real property assets of the Meadows for $323.3 million in September 2016 also contributed to the Company's improved operating results during fiscal years 2017 and 2016. Finally, the purchase of the real property assets of the 1st Jackpot Casino and Resorts Casino Tunica for $82.9 million in May 2017 contributed slightly to the Company's increase in net revenues for fiscal year 2017. See Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the Company's acquisitions.Contents

(2)
During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $13.0 million to write-off its unsecured loan (the "Casino Queen Loan") to CQ Holding Company, Inc., an affiliate of Casino Queen ("CQ Holding Company"), as repayment of the loan was no longer expected. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $59.5 million, related to the goodwill recorded on the books of its subsidiary, Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. For further information on the impairment charges see Notes 6 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

(3)
Prior to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Pinnacle Master Lease was bifurcated between an operating lease and a direct financing lease, with the land assets qualifying for operating lease treatment and the building assets triggering direct financing lease treatment. This net investment in direct financing lease was unwound in conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, via the fourth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease. As a result of this amendment, the Company reassessed the lease's classification and determined the new lease agreement qualified for operating lease treatment under ASC 840 - Leases ("ASC 840"). Therefore, subsequent to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety, the building assets previously recorded as an investment in direct financing lease on the Company's consolidated balance sheet were recorded as real estate assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet and all rent received under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is recorded as rental income on the Company's consolidated statement of income.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Operations

GLPI is a self-administered and self-managed Pennsylvania REIT. The Company was formed from the 2013 tax-free spin-off of the real estate assets of Penn and was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 13, 2013, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Penn. On November 1, 2013, Penn contributed to GLPI, through a series of internal corporate restructurings, substantially all of the assets and liabilities associated with Penn's real property interests and real estate development business, as well as the assets and liabilities of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville (which are referred to as the "TRS Properties")TRS Properties and then spun-off GLPI to holders of Penn's common and preferred stock in a tax-free distribution (the "Spin-Off").the Spin-Off. The Company elected on its U.S. federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT and the Company, together with an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge) and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Perryville) as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas, elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a “taxable REIT subsidiary”. Finally, in advance of the UPREIT Transaction, the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021. As a result of the Spin-Off, GLPI owns substantially all of Penn's former real property assets (as of the consummation of the Spin-Off) and leases back most of those assets to Penn for use by its subsidiaries, under the Penn Master Lease and owns and operates the TRS Properties through its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, GLP Holdings, Inc. The assets and liabilities of GLPI were recorded at their respective historical carrying values at the time of the Spin-Off.

GLPI's primary business consists of acquiring, financing, and owning real estate property to be leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements. As of December 31, 2021, GLPI's portfolio consisted of interests in 51 gaming and related facilities, including the TRS Segment, the real property associated with 34 gaming and related facilities operated by Penn, the real property associated with 7 gaming and related facilities operated by Caesars, the real property associated with 4 gaming and related facilities operated by Boyd, the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by Bally's, the real property associated with gaming and related facilities at Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland operated by Cordish and the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by the Casino Queen. These facilities, including our corporate headquarters building, are geographically diversified across 17 states and contain approximately 27.6 million square feet. As of December 31, 2021, our properties were 100% occupied. We expect to continue growing our portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.
Penn Master Lease
The Penn Master Lease is a triple-net operating lease, the term of which expires October 31, 2033, with no purchase option, followed by three remaining 5-year renewal options (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions.
Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, Boyd Master Lease and Belterra Park Lease

In April 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the real estate assets of Pinnacle for approximately $4.8 billion. GLPI originally leased these assets back to Pinnacle, under a unitary triple-net lease with an initialthe Pinnacle Master Lease, the term of 10 years,which expires on April 30, 2031, with no purchase option, followed by fivefour remaining 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Pinnacle)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. On October 15, 2018, the Company completed itsthe previously announced transactions with Penn, Pinnacle and BoydPenn-Pinnacle Merger to

accommodate Penn's acquisition of the majority of Pinnacle's operations, pursuant to a definitive agreement and plan of merger between Penn and Pinnacle, dated December 17, 2017. Concurrent with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Company amended the Pinnacle Master Lease to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd and entered into a new unitary triple-net master lease agreement withthe Boyd Master Lease for these properties on terms similar to the Company’s Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Boyd Master Lease has an initial term of 10 years (from the original April 2016 commencement date of the Pinnacle Master Lease and expiring April 30, 2026), with no purchase option, followed by five 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Boyd)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. The Company also purchased the real estate assets of Plainridge Park from Penn for $250.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes and added this property to the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was assumed by Penn at the consummation of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger. The Company also entered into a mortgage loan agreementthe Belterra Park Loan with Boyd in connection with Boyd's acquisition of Belterra Park, wherebyPark. In May 2020, the Company loaned Boyd $57.7 million.
In additionacquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to the acquisitionBelterra Park Lease with a Boyd affiliate operating the property.The Belterra Park Lease rent terms are consistent with the Boyd Master Lease. The annual rent is comprised of Plainridgea fixed component, part of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component
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that is based on the performance of the facilities which is adjusted, subject to certain floors, every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of Belterra Park described above,during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline.

The Meadows Lease

The real estate assets of the Meadows Racetrack and Casino are leased to Penn pursuant to the Meadows Lease. The Meadows Lease commenced on September 9, 2016 and has an initial term of 10 years, with no purchase option, and the option to renew for three successive 5-year terms and one 4-year term (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. The Meadows Lease contains a fixed component, subject to annual escalators, and a component that is based on the performance of the facility, which is reset every two years to an amount determined by multiplying (i) 4% by (ii) the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing two-year period. The Meadows Lease contains an annual escalator provision for up to 5% of the base rent, if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, which remains at 5% until the earlier of ten years or the year in which total rent is $31 million, at which point the escalator will be reduced to a maximum of 2% annually thereafter.

Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease

On October 1, 2018, the Company closed its previously announced transaction to acquire certain real property assets from Tropicana and certain of its affiliates pursuant to the Real Estate Purchase Agreement dated April 15, 2018 between Tropicana and GLP Capital, which was subsequently amended on October 1, 2018. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired the real estate assets of Tropicana Atlantic City, Tropicana Evansville, Tropicana Laughlin, Trop Casino Greenville and the Belle of Baton Rouge from Tropicana for an aggregate cash purchase price of $964.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes. Concurrent with the Tropicana Acquisition, EldoradoCaesars acquired the operating assets of these properties from Tropicana pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 15, 2018 by and among Tropicana, GLP Capital, EldoradoCaesars and a wholly-owned subsidiary of EldoradoCaesars and leased the GLP Assets from the Company pursuant to the terms of the Caesars Master Lease.

On June 15, 2020, the Company entered into the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease to, (i) extend the initial term of 15 years to 20 years, with renewals of up to an additional 20 years at the option of Caesars, (ii) remove the variable rent component in its entirety commencing with the third lease year, (iii) in the third lease year increase annual land base rent to approximately $23.6 million and annual building base rent to approximately $62.1 million, (iv) provide fixed escalation percentages that delay the escalation of building base rent until the commencement of the fifth lease year with building base rent increasing annually by 1.25% in the fifth and sixth lease year, 1.75% in the seventh and eighth lease years and 2% in the ninth lease year and each lease year thereafter, (v) subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, permit Caesars to elect to replace the Tropicana Evansville and/or Tropicana Greenville properties under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease with one or more of Caesars Gaming Scioto Downs, The Row in Reno, Isle Casino Racing Pompano Park, Isle Casino Hotel – Black Hawk, Lady Luck Casino – Black Hawk, Waterloo, Bettendorf or Isle of Capri Casino Boonville, provided that the aggregate value of such new property, individually or collectively, is at least equal to the value of Tropicana Evansville or Tropicana Greenville, as applicable (vi) permit Caesars to elect to sell its interest in Belle of Baton Rouge and sever it from the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease (with no change to the rent obligation to the Company), subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, and (vii) provide certain relief under the operating, capital expenditure and financial covenants thereunder in the event of facility closures due to pandemics, governmental restrictions and certain other instances of unavoidable delay. The effectiveness of the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease was subject to the review and approval of certain gaming regulatory agencies and the expiration of applicable gaming regulatory advance notice periods which conditions were satisfied on July 23, 2020. On December 18, 2020, the Company and Caesars completed the Exchange Agreement with subsidiaries of Caesars in which Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of Waterloo and Bettendorf in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville, plus a new unitary triple-net mastercash payment of $5.7 million. This resulted in a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment made.In connection with the Exchange Agreement, the annual building base rent was increased to $62.5 million and the annual land component was increased to $23.7 million.

Lumière Place Lease

On October 1, 2018 the Company entered into a loan agreement with Caesars in connection with Caesars’s acquisition of Lumière Place, whereby the Company extended funds to Caesars under the CZR loan. The CZR loan bore interest at a rate equal to (i) 9.09% until October 1, 2019 and (ii) 9.27% until its maturity. On the one-year anniversary of the CZR loan, the mortgage evidenced by a deed of trust on the Lumière Place property terminated and the loan became unsecured. On June 24,
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2020, the Company received approval from the Missouri Gaming Commission to own the Lumière Place property in satisfaction of the CZR loan.On September 29, 2020, the transaction closed and we entered into the Lumière Place Lease, the initial term of which expires on October 31, 2033 with four separate renewal options of five years each, exercisable at the tenant's option.The Lumière Place Lease rent terms were adjusted on December 1, 2021 such that the annual escalator is now fixed at 1.25% for the second through fifth lease withyears, increasing to 1.75% for the sixth and seventh lease years and thereafter increasing by 2.0% for the remainder of the lease.

Bally's Master Lease

On June 3, 2021, the Company completed its previously announced transaction pursuant to which a subsidiary of Bally's acquired 100% of the equity interests in the Caesars subsidiary that currently operates Tropicana Evansville and the Company reacquired the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville from Caesars for a cash purchase price of approximately $340.0 million. In addition, the Company purchased the real estate assets of Dover Downs Hotel & Casino from Bally's for a cash purchase price of approximately $144.0 million. The real estate assets of these two facilities were added to the Bally's Master Lease which has an initial term of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by four successive 5-yearfive-year renewal periodsoptions (exercisable by Eldorado)the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. Additionally, on October 1, 2018Rent under the Bally's Master Lease is $40 million annually and is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% determined in relation to the annual increase in CPI.

Tropicana Las Vegas

On April 16, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Eldorado in connection with Eldorado’s acquisitionand certain of Lumière Place, whereby the Company loaned Eldorado $246.0 million.
GLPI's primary business consists of acquiring, financing, and owning real estate propertyits subsidiaries closed on its previously announced transaction to be leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements. As of December 31, 2019, GLPI's portfolio consisted of interests in 44 gaming and related facilities, including the TRS Properties, the real property associated with 32 gaming and related facilities operated by Penn, the real property associated with 5 gaming and related facilities operated by Eldorado, the real property associated with 4 gaming and related facilities operated by Boyd (including one financed property) andacquire the real property associated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for rent credits of $307.5 million, which were applied against future rent obligations due under the parties' existing leases during 2020. An affiliate of Penn continues to operate the casino and hotel business of the Tropicana Las Vegas pursuant to a triple net lease with GLPI for nominal rent for the earlier of two years (subject to three one-year extensions at the Company's option) or until the Tropicana Las Vegas is sold.
On April 13, 2021, Bally's agreed to acquire the Company's non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas for $150.0 million. The Company will retain ownership of the land and concurrently enter into a 50-year ground lease with an initial annual rent of $10.5 million. The ground lease will be supported by a Bally's corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022.

Morgantown Lease

On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits that were utilized by Penn in the fourth quarter of 2020.The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn pursuant to the Morgantown Lease for an initial annual rent of $3.0 million, provided, however, that (i) on the opening date and on each anniversary thereafter the rent shall be increased by 1.5% annually (on a prorated basis for the remainder of the lease year in which the gaming facility opens) for each of the following three lease years and (ii) commencing on the fourth anniversary of the opening date and for each anniversary thereafter, (a) if the CPI increase is at least 0.5% for any lease year, the rent for such lease year shall increase by 1.25% of rent as of the immediately preceding lease year, and (b) if the CPI increase is less than 0.5% for such lease year, then the rent shall not increase for such lease year subject to escalation provisions following the opening of the property.

Casino Queen Master Lease

On November 25, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with respect to the HCBR transaction. This transaction closed on December 17, 2021 which resulted in East St. Louis, Illinois. These facilities, including our corporate headquarters building, are geographically diversified across 16 states and contain approximately 22.1a pre-tax gain of $6.8 million square feet. As(loss of $7.7 million after tax) for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021. The Company retained ownership of all real estate assets at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and simultaneously entered into the Casino Queen Master Lease. The initial annual cash rent is approximately $21.4 million and the lease has an initial term of 15 years with four 5 year renewal options exercisable by the tenant. This rental amount will be increased annually by 0.5% for the first six years. Beginning with the seventh lease year through the remainder of the lease term, if the CPI increases by at least 0.25% for any lease year then annual rent shall be increased by 1.25%, and if the CPI increase is less than 0.25% then rent will remain unchanged for such lease year. Additionally, the Company will complete the current landside development project that is in process and the rent under the master lease will be adjusted upon delivery to reflect a yield of 8.25% on GLPI's project costs. The Company will also have a right of first refusal with Casino Queen for
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other sale leaseback transactions up to $50 million over the next 2 years. Finally, GLPI forgave the unsecured $13.0 million, 5.5 year term loan made to CQ Holding Company, Inc., an affiliate of Casino Queen, which had been previously fully impaired in return for a one-time cash payment of $4 million which was recorded in provision for credit losses, net during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Perryville Lease

On December 15, 2020, the Company announced that Penn exercised its option to purchase from the Company the operations of our properties were 100% occupied. We expectHollywood Casino Perryville, located in Perryville, Maryland, for $31.1 million. The transaction closed on July 1, 2021 and the real estate assets of the Hollywood Casino Perryville are being leased to continue growing our portfolio by pursuing opportunitiesPenn pursuant to the Perryville Lease. A pre-tax gain of $15.6 million ($11.3 million after tax) was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021 in connection with the sale of the operating assets to Penn.

Maryland Live! Lease and Pennsylvania Live! Lease

On December 6, 2021, the Company announced that it had agreed to acquire additional gaming facilitiesthe real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, Live! Casino & Hotel Philadelphia, and Live! Casino Pittsburgh, including applicable long-term ground leases, from affiliates of Cordish for aggregate consideration of approximately $1.81 billion at deal announcement (the "Cordish Acquisitions"). The transaction also includes a binding partnership on future Cordish casino developments, as well as potential financing partnerships between the Company and Cordish in other areas of Cordish's portfolio of real estate and operating businesses. Upon the closing of the Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland transaction, GLPI entered into the Maryland Live! Lease, and upon the closing of the other transactions, GLPI will enter into the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease. The Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will have and the Maryland Live! Lease has initial lease terms of 39 years, with a maximum term of 60 years inclusive of tenant renewal options. The annual rent for the Maryland Live! Lease is $75 million and for the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will be $50 million both of which have or will have a 1.75% fixed yearly escalator on the entirety of rent commencing on the leases' second anniversary. The Maryland Live! Lease became effective on December 29, 2021 and the Pennsylvania transactions are expected to leaseclose in early 2022, subject to gaming operators under prudent terms.the receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.
As of December 31, 2019, theThe majority of our earnings are the result of the rental revenues we receive from our triple-net master leases with Penn, Boyd, Bally's, Cordish and Eldorado.Caesars. Additionally, we have rental revenue from the Casino Queen propertyMaster Lease which is leased back toalso a third-party operator on a triple-net basis and the Meadows property which is leased to Penn under a single property triple-nettriple net lease. In addition to rent, the tenants are required to pay the following executory costs: (1) all facility maintenance, (2) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties, including coverage of the landlord's interests, (3) taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on the income of the lessor) and (4) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties. 
Additionally, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC 842,842"), we record revenue for the ground lease rent paid by our tenants with an offsetting expense in land rights and ground lease expense within the condensed consolidated statementConsolidated Statement of incomeIncome as we have concluded that as the lessee we are the primary obligor under the ground leases. We sublease these ground leases back to our tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord.

Gaming revenue for our TRS Properties is derived primarily from gaming on slot machines and to a lesser extent, table game and poker revenue, which is highly dependent upon the volume and spending levels of customers at our TRS Properties. Other revenues at our TRS Properties are derived from our dining, retail and certain other ancillary activities.


Our Competitive Strengths
We believe the following competitive strengths will contribute significantly to our success:
Geographically Diverse Property Portfolio
As of December 31, 2019,2021, our portfolio consisted of 4451 gaming and related facilities, including 4150 rental properties and the TRS Properties and one property we had a financial interest in, pursuant to a real estate loan we made to the respective casino owner-operator.Segment. Our portfolio, including our corporate headquarters building, comprises approximately 22.127.6 million square feet and over 5,600approximately 5,800 acres of land and is broadly diversified by location across 1617 states. We expect that our geographic diversification will limit the effect of a decline in any one regional market on our overall performance.
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Financially Secure Tenants
ThreeFive of the company's tenants, Penn, EldoradoCaesars, Boyd, Cordish and Boyd,Bally's, are leading, diversified, multi-jurisdictional owners and managers of gaming and pari-mutuel properties and established gaming providers with strong financial performance. Additionally,With the exception of Cordish, all of the aforementioned tenants are publicly traded companies that are subject to the informational filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are required to file periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Readers are directed to Penn's, Eldorado'sCaesar's, Boyd's and Boyd'sBally's respective websites for further financial information on these companies.
Long-Term, Triple-Net Lease Structure
Our real estate properties are leased under long-term triple-net leases guaranteed by our tenants, pursuant to which the tenant is responsible for all facility maintenance, insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties, including coverage of the landlord's interests, taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on our income) and all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties.
Resilient Regional Gaming Characteristics
We believe that the recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated the resiliency of the regional gaming market. In spite of all our properties being forced to close during mid-March 2020, the Company collected all contractual rents, inclusive of rent credits, due in 2020. Furthermore, our tenants' results since they have reopened has been strong and in some cases better than prior to COVID-19, due to their increased focus on cost efficiencies and decreasing and/or eliminating lower margin amenities. For instance, the rent coverage ratios on our leases have increased at September 30, 2021 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels. Although we are unable to predict whether these results will continue, we believe that our assets should generate substantial cash flows well into the future for both ourselves and our tenants.
Flexible UPREIT Structure
We have the flexibility to operate through an umbrella partnership, commonly referred to as an UPREIT structure, in which substantially all of our properties and assets are held by GLP Capital or by subsidiaries of GLP Capital. Conducting business through GLP Capital allows us flexibility in the manner in which we structure and acquire properties. In particular, an UPREIT structure enables us to acquire additional properties from sellers in exchange for limited partnership units, which provides property owners the opportunity to defer the tax consequences that would otherwise arise from a sale of their real properties and other assets to us. As a result, this structure potentially may facilitate our acquisition of assets in a more efficient manner and may allow us to acquire assets that the owner would otherwise be unwilling to sell because of tax considerations. We believe that this flexibility will provide us an advantage in seeking future acquisitions.
Experienced and Committed Management Team
Our management team has extensive gaming and real estate experience. Peter M. Carlino, our chief executive officer, has more than 30 years of experience in the acquisition and development of gaming facilities and other real estate projects. Steven T. Snyder, our chief financial officer and previously our senior vice president of corporate development, is a finance professional with more than 20 years of experience in the gaming industry, including identifying and analyzing potential acquisitions. Through years of public company experience, our management team also has extensive experience accessing both debt and equity capital markets to fund growth and maintain a flexible capital structure.
Segment Information
 
Consistent with how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (as such term is defined in ASC 280 - Segment Reporting) reviews and assesses our financial performance, we have two reportable segments, GLP Capital and the TRS Properties.Segment. The GLP Capital reportable segment consists of the leased real property and represents the majority of our business. The TRS Properties reportable segmentSegment consists of our operations at Hollywood Casino Perryville (until July 1, 2021 and subsequent to this date includes rental income from the Perryville Lease) and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge.Rouge (until December 17, 2021 when the operations were sold to Casino Queen), as well as the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas we acquired in 2020. In December 2021, the TRS Properties were merged into GLP Capital and therefore the Company does not expect to have a TRS Segment in 2022.

Executive Summary
 
Financial Highlights
 
We reported total revenues and income from operations of $1,153.5$1,216.4 million and $717.4$841.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, compared to $1,055.7$1,153.2 million and $593.8$809.3 million, respectively, for the year ended

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December 31, 2018.2020.  The major factors affecting our results for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, were as follows:

•Total income from real estate was $1,025.1$1,106.7 million and $923.2$1,050.2 million for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. Total income from real estate increased by $101.9$56.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily2020. Current results benefited from the addition of the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease and the Casino Queen Master Lease which in the aggregate increased cash rental income by $29.5 million. Current year results also benefited from full escalations being incurred on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, Boyd Master Lease, Penn Master Lease and Belterra Park Lease which increased building base rents by $5.0 million. The Company also collected higher percentage rent of $15.2 million on the Penn Master Lease due to the Tropicana Transactions, the Penn-Pinnacle Mergerimpact of COVID-19 closures in 2020. The Company also had favorable straight line rent adjustments of $8.6 million and our entry into the Belterra Park Loan, as well ashigher ground rent revenue gross ups of $3.7 million due to the impact of the rent escalators under our master leases,temporary COVID-19 closures that occurred in 2020. Partially offsetting these favorable variances were lower percentage rents of $3.7 million from the partial recognition of income previously deferred under2020 resets on the PennAmended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease, and the Meadows Lease as well as lower cash rental income of $1.8 million from the Amended and the recognition of cash rent that was previously applied against the lease receivable on our balance sheet as rental income.
These increases were partially offset by the elimination of the revenue gross-up for real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants under ASC 842 and the first percentage rent reset under the PennRestated Caesars Master Lease that became effective in July 2020 which resultedprovided for fixed escalations in a rent decrease.the future.

Net revenues for our TRS Properties decreased•Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue increased by $4.2$6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the prior year. The prior year revenues were impacted by the temporary closures of the properties during 2020 due to decreased revenues at bothCOVID-19. The TRS properties. The largest driver ofProperties were closed in mid-March 2020. Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge reopened to the decrease resulted from general market deteriorationpublic on May 18, 2020 and Hollywood Casino Perryville reopened on June 19, 2020 with various restrictions to limit capacity in accordance with regulatory requirements. Both properties opened to strong results which strengthened in the current year. The Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge region andon December 17, 2021. See Note 1 in the smoking ban at all Baton Rouge, Louisiana casinos that went into effect during the second quarter of 2018.Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
 
•Total operating expenses decreasedincreased by $25.9$30.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the prior year. The year primarily driven byended December 31, 2020 had a decreasenon-cash gain on the disposition of property related to the Evansville swap transaction of $41.4 million, while the current year included pre-tax gains of $22.4 million attributable to the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, which also was the reason for the $3.7 million decline in real estate taxgaming, food, beverage and other expense as we are no longer requiredwell as a $2.3 million reduction in our TRS Segment general and administrative expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an initial reserve for its direct finance lease related to gross-up our financial statements for the real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants under ASC 842 and by the absenceMaryland Live! Lease of retirement costs and goodwill impairment charges in the current year. These decreases were$12.2 million, which was partially offset by a $4.0 million recovery on a previously impaired loan impairment chargeto Casino Queen. The Company incurred higher depreciation expense of $13.0$5.5 million relateddue to its recent acquisitions and had lower general and administrative expenses of $5.0 million in our GLP Capital segment. This was due to severance and stock compensation charges associated of $6.3 million for the departure of our former chief financial officer in the third quarter of 2020, which was partially offset by higher bonus accruals in the current year as a result of improved financial performance relative to the write-off ofprior year. Finally, the Company's Casino Queen Loan and an increase in depreciation expense resulting from the addition of the Tropicana and Plainridge Park real estate assets to our real estate portfolio, the reclassification of the Pinnacle building assets to real estate investments on our balance sheet and the acceleration of depreciation related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property by our tenant in the second quarter of 2019. LandCompany incurred higher land rights and ground lease expense also increased resulting fromof $8.3 million due to higher ground lease rents paid by our tenants in 2021 that are based on the facilities revenues which were negatively impacted in the prior year by the temporary closures COVID-19 had in 2020 and higher land lease right expense due to the June 3, 2021 acquisition of rights to six long-term ground leases in connection with the October 2018 Tropicana Acquisition and the acceleration of land rights amortization expense related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property. The closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property by our tenant will not impact the rent collected from Penn under the Penn Master Lease, as our lease with Penn is unitary and cross-collateralized and does not allow for rent reductions for individual property closure.Evansville.

•Other expenses, net increaseddecreased by $72.4$20.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to interest expensedebt extinguishment charges incurred in 2020 as well as a $3.5 million insurance gain at our TRS Segment related to the debt refinancingtemporary closures of our TRS Properties in the second quarter of 2018 and debt issuances in the third quarter of 2018, the proceeds of which were utilized for the October 2018 closings of the Tropicana Transactions and the acquisition of Plainridge Park Casino, as well as the funding of the Belterra Park Loan in connection with theprior year due to COVID-19.
Penn-Pinnacle Merger. Also driving the increase was a $21.0 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the Company's cash tender of a portion of its 2020 Notes and the issuance of $1.1 billion in new unsecured notes during the third quarter of 2019, in connection with our efforts to reduce our borrowing costs and lengthen our average debt maturity.

Net income•Income tax expense increased by $51.4$24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021 as compared to the prior year due to the gain on the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, the write-off of deferred tax assets related to the Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge sale, improved performance at our TRS Segment due to strong results in the current year as well as the impact of the temporary closures related to COVID-19 in the prior year.

•Net income increased by $28.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the variances explained above.

Segment Developments
 
The following are recent developments that have had or are expected to have an impact on us by segment:
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GLP Capital

On October 15, 2018, Penn's acquisition•Our leases contain variable rent that resets on varying schedules depending on the lease. The portion of Pinnacle closed, and the Company completed its previously announced transactionsour cash rents that are variable represented approximately 14% of our 2021 full year cash rental income. Of that variable rent, approximately 24% resets every five years, which is associated with our Penn Pinnacle and Boyd. Concurrent with Penn's acquisition, the Company amended the Pinnacle Master Lease, 32% resets every two years and 41% resets monthly, which is associated with two properties in the Penn Master Lease (of which approximately 37% is subject to allowa floor, or $22.9 million annually, for Hollywood Casino Toledo). The percentage rent in the Penn Master Lease increased by $15.2 million for the saleyear ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended 2020 primarily due to the temporary closures of Hollywood Casino Columbus and to a lesser extent, Hollywood Casino Toledo from mid-March 2020 to June 19, 2020 as well as strong results in 2021 at these two properties. In connection with the Casino Queen Master Lease becoming effective December 17, 2021, 3% of the operating assetsCompany's percentage rent in 2021 is no longer subject to any variability.

•Certain of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacleour leases contain annual escalation clauses that are based on adjusted revenues to Boyd and entered into a new triple-net master lease agreement with Boyd for these propertiesrent coverage ratios exceeding 1.8 to 1. During the year ended December 31, 2021, full escalations were incurred on terms similar to the Company’s existing master leases. The Company also purchased the real estate assets of Plainridge Park Casino from Penn for $250.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes, and added this property toMaster Lease, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Belterra Park Lease, which increased 2021 rental income by $5.0 million.

•We also entered intohave announced or closed numerous transactions in the past two years and expect to continue to grow our portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.

•Several wholly-owned subsidiaries of Penn lease a loan agreement with Boydsubstantial number of our properties which account for the majority of our revenue.

•Our ability to refinance our significant levels of debt at attractive terms and obtain favorable funding in connection with future business opportunities.


Boyd's acquisition•The fact that the rules and regulations of Belterra Park, whereby we loaned Boyd $57.7 million, act as mortgageeU.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by legislators, the Internal Revenue Service and collect interest income from Boyd.the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws or interpretations thereof, including any changes proposed and implemented by the Biden administration, with or without retroactive application, could materially and adversely affect GLPI and its investors.

TRS Segment

•The Company's wholly-owned and operated TRS Properties closed in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Our property in Baton Rouge reopened on May 18, 2020 and our property in Perryville, Maryland reopened on June 19, 2020 with enhanced safety protocols and capacity restrictions. On OctoberJuly 1, 2018,2021, the Company purchasedsold the real property assetsoperations of five properties from Tropicana for $964.0Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn, recognizing a gain of $15.6 million exclusive of taxes and transaction fees. Concurrent with the acquisition of these properties, Eldorado purchased the operating assets of these Tropicana properties and Lumière Place and entered into a new triple-net master lease withthe Perryville Lease. On December 17, 2021 the Company forsold the leaseoperations of the five Tropicana properties purchased by us for a 15-year initial term, with no purchase option, followed by four successive 5-year renewal periods (exercisable by Eldorado). The Company also made a loan to Eldorado in the amount of $246.0 million in connection with Eldorado’s acquisition of Lumière Place.

TRS Properties

During the second quarter of 2018, a smoking ban went into effect at all Baton Rouge, Louisiana casinos, which in combination with the general market deterioration in the Baton Rouge region has contributed to the poor performance of our Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen, recognizing a gain of $6.8 million, and entered into the Casino Queen Master Lease.

•On April 16, 2020, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries acquired the real property resultingassociated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn. This asset was placed in the Company's TRS Segment. An affiliate of Penn continues to operate the casino and hotel business of the Tropicana Las Vegas pursuant to a triple net lease with GLPI for nominal rent for the earlier of two years (subject to three one-year extensions at the Company's option) or until the Tropicana Las Vegas is sold. On April 13, 2021, Bally's agreed to acquire the Company's non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas for $150.0 million. The Company will retain the ownership of the land and concurrently enter into a 50-year ground lease with an impairment chargeinitial annual rent of $59.5 million during$10.5 million. The ground lease will be supported by a Bally's corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the fourth quarterBally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2018.2022.

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Critical Accounting Estimates
We make certain judgments and use certain estimates and assumptions when applying accounting principles in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The nature of the estimates and assumptions are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain factors or the susceptibility of such factors to change. We have identified the accounting for leases, allowance for credit losses, income taxes, and real estate investments and goodwill and other intangible assets as critical accounting estimates, as they are the most important to our financial statement presentation and require difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our consolidated financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our consolidated financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and, in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition.
Leases
 
As a REIT, the majority of our revenues are derived from rent received from our tenants under long-term triple-net leases. Currently, we have master leases with Penn, EldoradoCaesars, Bally's, Boyd and Boyd under which we lease 31, five and three properties, respectively, to these tenants.Casino Queen. We also have a long-term lease with Casino Queen and a separate single property lease by which we lease the Meadows' real estate assets to Penn.leases with Penn, Caesars, Boyd and Cordish. The accounting guidance under ASC 842 is complex and requires the use of judgments and assumptions by management to determine the proper accounting treatment of a lease. We perform a lease classification test upon the entry into any new tenant lease or lease modification to determine if we will account for the lease as an operating or sales-type lease. The revenue recognition model and thus the presentation of our financial statements is significantly different under operating leases and sales-type leases.

Under the operating lease model, as the lessor, the assets we own and lease to our tenants remain on our balance sheet as real estate investments and we record rental revenues on a straight-line basis over the lease term. This includes the recognition of percentage rents that are fixed and determinable at the lease inception date on a straight-line basis over the entire lease term, resulting in the recognition of deferred rental revenue on our consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred rental revenue is amortized to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the remainder of the lease term. The lease term includes the initial non-cancelable lease term and any reasonably assured renewal periods. Contingent rental income that is not fixed and determinable at lease inception is recognized only when the lessee achieves the specified target.

Under the sales-type lease model, however, at lease inception we would record an investmentInvestment in sales-type leaseleases, on our consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet rather than recording the actual assets we own. Furthermore, the cash rent we receive from tenants is not entirely recorded as rental revenue, but rather a portion is recorded as interest income using an effective yield and a portion is recorded as a reduction to the lease receivable.Investment in leases. Under ASC 842, for leases with both land and building components, leases may be bifurcated between operating and sales-type leases. To determine if our real estate leases trigger full or partial sales-type lease treatment we conduct the five lease tests outlined in ASC 842 below. If a lease meets any of the five criteria below, it is accounted for as a sales-type lease.


1)    Transfer of ownership - The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term. This criterion is met in situations in which the lease agreement provides for the transfer of title at or shortly after the end of the lease term in exchange for the payment of a nominal fee, for example, the minimum required by statutory regulation to transfer title.

2)    Bargain purchase option - The lease contains a bargain purchase option, which is a provision allowing the lessee, at its option, to purchase the leased property for a price which is sufficiently lower than the expected fair value of the property at the date the option becomes exercisable and that is reasonably certain to be exercised.

3)    Lease term - The lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset. However, if the commencement date falls at or near the end of the economic life of the underlying asset, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease.

4)    Minimum lease payments - The present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.

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5)    Specialized nature - The underlying asset is of such specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.

Additionally, the adoption of ASC 842 requires us to record right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on balance sheet for the assets we lease from third-party landlords, including equipment and real estate. As a lessee, we utilize our own incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate utilized to determine the initial lease liability and right-of-use asset we record on balance sheet, as well as the lease's classification as an operating or finance lease, using the same tests outlined above. Although both operating and finance leases result in the same right-of-use asset and lease liability being recorded on balance sheet at lease inception, the expense profile of the two lease types differs, in that expense is straight-lined over the term of an operating lease, while the expense profile under a finance lease is front-loaded. Furthermore, expense under the operating lease model is classified simply as lease expense, whereas the finance lease model breaks the expense into the interest expense and asset amortization expense.

The tests outlined above, as well as the resulting calculations, require subjective judgments, such as determining, at lease inception, the fair value of the underlying leased assets, the residual value of the assets at the end of the lease term, the likelihood a tenant will exercise all renewal options (in order to determine the lease term), the estimated remaining economic life of the leased assets, and an allocation of rental income received under our Master Leases to the interest rates implicit in our leases for which we act as the lessor and our own incremental borrowing rates for leases of various maturities and amounts in which we are the lessee.underlying leased assets. A slight change in estimate or judgment can result in a materially different financial statement presentation.presentation and income recognition method.

Investment in Leases, Financing Receivables, net

In accordance with ASC 842, for transactions in which we enter into a contract to acquire an asset and lease it back to the seller under a sales-type lease (i.e. a sale leaseback transaction), the Company must determine whether control of the asset has transferred to us. In cases whereby control has not transferred to the Company, we do not recognize the underlying asset but instead recognize a financial asset in accordance with ASC 310 "Receivables". The accounting for the financing receivable under ASC 310 is materially consistent with the accounting for our investments in leases - sales type under ASC 842. We have concluded that the Maryland Live! Lease is required to be accounted for as an Investment in leases - financing receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in accordance with ASC 310, since control of the underlying assets was not considered to have transferred to the Company under GAAP.

Allowance for credit losses
The Company follows ASC 326 “Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”), which requires that the Company measure and record current expected credit losses (“CECL”), the scope of which includes our Investments in leases - financing receivables.

We have elected to use an econometric default and loss rate model to estimate the Allowance for credit losses, or CECL allowance. This model requires us to calculate and input lease and property-specific credit and performance metrics which in conjunction with forward-looking economic forecasts, project estimated credit losses over the life of the lease or loan. The Company then records a CECL allowance based on the expected loss rate multiplied by the outstanding investment in lease financing receivable balance.

Expected losses within our cash flows are determined by estimating the probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) of our Investments in lease - financing receivable. We have engaged a nationally recognized data analytics firm to assist us with estimating both the PD and LGD for this financing receivable. The PD and LGD are estimated during the initial term of the lease. The PD and LGD estimates for the lease term were developed using current financial condition forecasts. The PD and LGD predictive model was developed using the average historical default rates and historical loss rates, respectively, of over 100,000 commercial real estate loans dating back to 1998 that have similar credit profiles or characteristics to the real estate underlying the Company's financing receivable. Management will monitor the credit risk related to its financing receivable by obtaining the rent coverage on the Maryland Live! Lease on a periodic basis. The Company also monitors legislative changes to assess whether it would have an impact on the underlying performance of its tenant. We are unable to use our historical data to estimate losses as the Company has no loss history to date on its lease portfolio.

The CECL allowance is recorded as a reduction to our net Investments in leases - financing receivable, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We are required to update our CECL allowance on a quarterly basis with the resulting change being recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the relevant period. Finally, each time the Company makes a new investment in an asset subject to ASC 326, we will be required to record an initial CECL allowance for such asset, which will result in a non-cash charge to the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. Changes in economic conditions and/or the underlying performance of the property contained within our leases accounted for as financing receivables impacts the assumptions utilized in the CECL reserve estimates. Changes in our assumptions could result in non-cash provisions or recoveries in future periods that could materially impact our results of operations.
Income Taxes - REIT Qualification
We elected on our U.S. federal income tax return for our taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT and we, together with an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV,
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LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas, elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a “taxable REIT subsidiary”. Finally, in advance of the UPREIT Transaction, the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021. We intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to matters such as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels, and diversity of stock ownership.
As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to this statutory relief.

Our TRS Properties areSegment is able to engage in activities resulting in income that would not be qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within our TRS PropertiesSegment are subject to federal and state income taxes. Due to the recent sales of the Company's TRS operations, the Company does not expect to have a TRS segment in 2022.
Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments primarily represent land and buildings leased to the Company's tenants. Real estate investments that we received in connection with the Spin-Off were contributed to us at Penn's historical carrying amount. We record the acquisition of real estate at fair value, including acquisition and closing costs. The cost of properties developed by GLPI includes costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. We consider the period of future benefit of the asset to determine the appropriate useful lives. Depreciation is computed using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the buildings and building improvements. If we used a shorter or longer estimated useful life, it could have a material impact on our results of operations.
We continually monitor events and circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of our real estate investments may not be recoverable or realized. The factors considered by the Company in performing these assessments include evaluating whether the tenant is current on their lease payments, the tenant’s rent coverage ratio, the financial stability of the tenant and its parent company, and any other relevant factors. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, we estimatedetermine whether the fair value of the investment by calculating theestimated undiscounted future cash flows from the use and eventual disposition ofunderlying lease exceeds the investment. This amount is compared to the asset'sreal estate investments' carrying value. If we determine the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the asset's carrying amount is not recoverable,value then we would recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value, calculated in accordance with GAAP.accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). We group our real estate investments together by lease, the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available, in evaluating impairment. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value, wethe Company must make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. FactorsThe factors considered by the Company in performing this assessment include current operating results, market and other applicable trends and residual values, as well as the effect of obsolescence, demand, competition and other factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, wethe Company may be required to record an impairment loss.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Under ASC 350 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), we are required to test goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill or other intangible assets may be impaired. We have elected to perform our annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests as of October 1 of each year. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available.
ASC 350 prescribes a two-step goodwill impairment test, the first step which involves the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit and its comparison to the carrying amount. In order to determine the fair value of the Baton Rouge reporting unit, where the Company's goodwill resides, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow model, which relies on projected EBITDA to determine the reporting unit's future cash flows. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value in step 1, then step 2 of the impairment test is performed to determine the implied value of goodwill. If the implied value of goodwill is less than the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit, an impairment loss is recognized.
In accordance with ASC 350, we consider the Hollywood Casino Perryville gaming license an indefinite-lived intangible asset that does not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate this casino indefinitely as well as the gaming industry's historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various state gaming commissions. Rather, the gaming license is tested annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, for impairment by comparing the fair value of the recorded asset to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the indefinite-life intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Hollywood Casino Perryville's gaming license will expire in September 2025, fifteen years from the casino's opening date. We expect to expense any costs related to the gaming license renewal as incurred.
We assess the fair value of our gaming license using the Greenfield Method under the income approach. The Greenfield Method estimates the fair value of the gaming license assuming we built a casino with similar utility to that of the existing facility. The method assumes a theoretical start-up company going into business without any assets other than the intangible asset being valued. As such the value of the license is a function of the following items:
Projected revenues and operating cash flows;
Theoretical construction costs and duration;
Pre-opening expenses;

Discounting that reflects the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows attributable to the license; and
Remaining useful life of the license.
The evaluation of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets requires the use of estimates about future operating results to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and the indefinite-lived intangible assets. We must make various assumptions and estimates in performing our impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions which represent our best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets. Changes in estimates, increases in our cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from our estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record additional impairment charges in future accounting periods. Our estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, as well as recent operating information and budgets. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events.
Forecasted cash flows can be significantly impacted by the local economy in which our subsidiaries operate. For example, increases in unemployment rates can result in decreased customer visitations and/or lower customer spend per visit. In addition, new legislation which approves gaming in nearby jurisdictions or further expands gaming in jurisdictions in which we operate can result in increased competition for the property. This generally has a negative effect on profitability once competitors become established, as a certain level of cannibalization occurs absent an overall increase in customer visitations. Lastly, increases in gaming taxes approved by state regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows.
Assumptions and estimates about future cash flow levels are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in our business strategy, which may reallocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance our overall value but may be to the detriment of our existing operations. A change in any of our assumptions or estimates could result in additional impairment charges in future periods.
The Company's adoption of ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment on January 1, 2020 (as described in Note 3) is expected to simplify the analysis required under the Company's future goodwill impairment tests.

Results of Operations
 
The following are the most important factors and trends that contribute or may contribute to our operating performance:

•We have announced or closed numerous transactions in the past two years and expect to continue to grow our portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.

•The fact that several wholly-owned subsidiaries of Penn lease a substantial number of our properties pursuant to two master leases and a single property lease and account for a significant portionthe majority of our revenue.

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•The risks related to economic conditions, including uncertainty related to COVID-19 and the effect of such conditions on consumer spending for leisure and gaming activities, which may negatively impact our gaming tenants and operators and the variable rent and annual rent escalators we receive from our tenants as outlined in the long-term triple-net leases with these tenants.

•The ability to refinance our significant levels of debt at attractive terms and obtain favorable funding in connection with future business opportunities.
 
•The fact that the rules and regulations of U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by legislators, the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws or interpretations thereof, with or without retroactive application, could materially and adversely affect GLPI's investors or GLPI.












The consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 are summarized below:

    
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
 (in thousands)
Total revenues$1,216,351 $1,153,165 
Total operating expenses374,583 343,891 
Income from operations841,768 809,274 
Total other expenses(279,340)(299,686)
Income before income taxes562,428 509,588 
Income tax expense28,342 3,877 
Net income534,086 505,711 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership(39)— 
Net income attributable to common shareholders$534,047 $505,711 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018
 (in thousands)
Total revenues$1,153,473
 $1,055,727
Total operating expenses436,050
 461,917
Income from operations717,423
 593,810
Total other expenses(321,778) (249,330)
Income before income taxes395,645
 344,480
Income tax expense4,764
 4,964
Net income$390,881
 $339,516


In accordance with the SEC's recent amendments to modernize and simplify Regulation S-K, theThe Company has omitted the discussion comparing its operating results for the year ended December 31, 20182020 to its operating results for the year ended December 31, 20172019 from its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2021. Readers are directed to Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182020 for these disclosures.

Certain information regarding our results of operations by segment for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 is summarized below:
 Total RevenuesIncome from Operations
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
GLP Capital$1,102,653 $1,050,166 $781,226 $792,467 
TRS Segment113,698 102,999 60,542 16,807 
Total$1,216,351 $1,153,165 $841,768 $809,274 



47
 Total Revenues Income (Loss) from Operations
 Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (in thousands)
GLP Capital$1,025,082
 $923,182
 $694,215
 $630,122
TRS Properties128,391
 132,545
 23,208
 (36,312)
Total$1,153,473
 $1,055,727
 $717,423
 $593,810
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FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA
 
Funds From Operations ("FFO"), Adjusted Funds From Operations ("AFFO") and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company as performance measures for benchmarking against the Company’s peers and as internal measures of business operating performance, which is used as a bonus metric. These metrics are presented assuming full conversion of limited partnership units to common shares and therefore before the income statement impact of non-controlling interests. The Company believes FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of the Company’s current business. This is especially true since these measures exclude real estate depreciation and we believe that real estate values fluctuate based on market conditions rather than depreciating in value ratably on a straight-line basis over time. 

FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures that are considered supplemental measures for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding (gains) or losses from sales of property and real estate depreciation. We define AFFO as FFO excluding stock based compensation expense, the amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts, other depreciation, amortization of land rights, straight-line rent adjustments, direct financing lease adjustments,gains or (losses) on sales of operations, net of tax, losses on debt extinguishment, retirement costs and goodwill and loan impairment charges,provision for credit losses, net reduced by maintenance capital expenditures. Finally, we define Adjusted EBITDA as net income excluding interest, taxes onnet, income tax expense, depreciation, (gains) or losses from sales of property, gains on sales of operations, net of tax, stock based compensation expense, straight-line rent adjustments, direct financing lease adjustments, amortization of land rights, losses on debt extinguishment, retirement costs and goodwill and loan impairment charges.provision for credit losses, net.
 
FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures: (i) do not represent cash flows from operations as defined by GAAP; (ii) should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities; and (iii) are not alternatives to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. In addition, these measures should not be viewed as an indication of our ability to fund our cash needs, including to make cash distributions to our shareholders, to fund capital improvements, or to make interest payments on our indebtedness. Investors are also cautioned that FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies, including REITs due to

the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definitions. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP.

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The reconciliation of the Company’s net income per GAAP to FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 is as follows:
 
    
 Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018
 (in thousands)
Net income$390,881
 $339,516
Losses from dispositions of property92
 309
Real estate depreciation230,716
 125,630
Funds from operations$621,689
 $465,455
Straight-line rent adjustments34,574
 61,888
Direct financing lease adjustments—
 38,459
Other depreciation9,719
 11,463
Amortization of land rights18,536
 11,272
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
11,455
 12,167
Stock based compensation16,198
 11,152
Losses on debt extinguishment21,014
 3,473
Retirement costs—
 13,149
Loan impairment charges13,000
 —
Goodwill impairment charges—
 59,454
Capital maintenance expenditures(3,017) (4,284)
Adjusted funds from operations$743,168
 $683,648
Interest, net300,764
 245,857
Income tax expense4,764
 4,964
Capital maintenance expenditures3,017
 4,284
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(11,455) (12,167)
Adjusted EBITDA$1,040,258
 $926,586

Year Ended December 31,
20212020
(in thousands)
Net income$534,086 $505,711 
Losses (gains) from dispositions of property711 (41,393)
Real estate depreciation230,941 220,069 
Funds from operations$765,738 $684,387 
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,993)4,576 
Other depreciation5,493 10,904 
Amortization of land rights15,616 12,022 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
9,929 10,503 
Stock based compensation16,831 20,004 
Gains on sale of operations, net of tax(3,560)— 
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 
Capital maintenance expenditures(2,270)(3,130)
Adjusted funds from operations$812,010 $757,379 
Interest, net282,840 281,573 
Income tax expense9,440 3,877 
Capital maintenance expenditures2,270 3,130 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(9,929)(10,503)
Adjusted EBITDA$1,096,631 $1,035,456 

(1) Such amortization is a non-cash component included in interest, net.





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The reconciliation of each segment’s net income per GAAP to FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 is as follows: 
     
 GLP Capital  TRS Properties GLP Capital TRS Segment
 Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2019 20182021202020212020
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Net income (loss) $382,184
 $390,341
 $8,697
 $(50,825)Net income (loss)$514,883 $508,060 $19,203 $(2,349)
Losses from dispositions of property 8
 76
 84
 233
Losses (gains) from dispositions of propertyLosses (gains) from dispositions of property604 (41,402)107 9 
Real estate depreciation 230,716
 125,630
 —
 —
Real estate depreciation230,333 220,069 608 — 
Funds from operations $612,908
 $516,047
 $8,781
 $(50,592)Funds from operations$745,820 $686,727 $19,918 $(2,340)
Straight-line rent adjustments 34,574
 61,888
 —
 —
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,873)4,576 (120)— 
Direct financing lease adjustments —
 38,459
 —
 —
Other depreciation 1,992
 2,066
 7,727
 9,397
Other depreciation1,881 1,972 3,612 8,932 
Gain on sale of operations, net of taxGain on sale of operations, net of tax— — (3,560)— 
Amortization of land rights 18,536
 11,272
 —
 —
Amortization of land rights15,616 12,022 — — 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
 11,455
 12,167
 —
 —
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
9,929 10,503 — — 
Stock based compensation 16,198
 11,152
 —
 —
Stock based compensation16,831 20,004 — — 
Losses on debt extinguishment 21,014
 3,473
 —
 —
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 — — 
Retirement costs —
 13,149
 —
 —
Loan impairment charges 13,000
 —
 —
 —
Goodwill impairment charges —
 —
 —
 59,454
Provision for credit losses, netProvision for credit losses, net8,226 — — — 
Capital maintenance expenditures (22) (55) (2,995) (4,229)Capital maintenance expenditures(65)(186)(2,205)(2,944)
Adjusted funds from operations $729,655
 $669,618
 $13,513
 $14,030
Adjusted funds from operations$794,365 $753,731 $17,645 $3,648 
Interest, net (2)
 290,360
 235,453
 10,404
 10,404
Interest, net (2)
265,439 265,597 17,401 15,976 
Income tax expense 657
 855
 4,107
 4,109
Income tax expense904 697 8,536 3,180 
Capital maintenance expenditures 22
 55
 2,995
 4,229
Capital maintenance expenditures65 186 2,205 2,944 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
 (11,455) (12,167) —
 —
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(9,929)(10,503)— — 
Adjusted EBITDA $1,009,239
 $893,814
 $31,019
 $32,772
Adjusted EBITDA$1,050,844 $1,009,708 $45,787 $25,748 
 


(1) Such amortization is a non-cash component included in interest, net.

(2)
(2)    Interest, net for the GLP Capital segment is net of an intercompany interest elimination of $17.4 million and $16.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Interest expense, net for the GLP Capital segment is net of an intercompany interest elimination of $10.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
Net income, FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for our GLP Capital segment were $382.2$514.9 million, $612.9$745.8 million, $729.7$794.4 million and $1,009.2$1,050.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019.2021. This compared to net income, FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA, for our GLP Capital segment of $390.3$508.1 million, $516.0$686.7 million, $669.6$753.7 million and $893.8$1,009.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2018.2020. The decreaseincrease in net income in our GLP Capital segment was primarily driven by a $37.8 million increase in operating expenses and a $72.4 million increase in other expenses, net, partially offset by a $101.9$52.5 million increase in income from real estate.estate as explained below. In addition, we had several operating expense variances that are also discussed below.

The increase in income from real estate in our GLP Capital segment was primarily due to the Tropicana Transactions, the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, our entry into the Belterra Park Loan, the impact of the rent escalators under our master leases and the partial recognition of income previously deferred under the Penn Master Lease and Meadows Lease. These increases were partially offset by the elimination of the revenue gross-up for real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants under ASC 842 and the first percentage rent reset under the Penn Master Lease, which resulted in a rent decrease.

The increase in operating expenses in our GLP Capital segment was driven by an increase in depreciation expense resulting from the addition of the Tropicana and Plainridge Park real estate assets to our real estate portfolio, the reclassification of the Pinnacle building assets to real estate investments on our balance sheet and the acceleration of depreciation related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property by our tenant in the second quarter of 2019. Land rights and ground lease

expense also increased resulting from the acquisition of rights to six long-term ground leases in connection with the October 2018 Tropicana Acquisition and the acceleration of land rights amortization expense also related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property. As a result of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety and our investment in the direct financing lease was unwound. Also driving the increase in total operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021 as compared to the prior year isperiod of $63.7 million was primarily from a loan impairment chargegain on the disposition of $13.0 millionproperty related to the Evansville swap transaction of $41.4 million in 2020, higher depreciation expense and land right amortization expense in our REIT segment of $18.5 million due to the Company's write-off of its Casino Queen Loan. These increases were partially offset byrecent acquisitions, and a decrease in real estate tax expense, as we are no longer required to gross-up our financial statements$8.2 million provision for the real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants under ASC 842 and the absence of retirement costscredit losses, net in the current year. Partially offsetting these increases was lower general and administrative expenses of $5.0 million due primarily from severance and stock based compensation acceleration charges for the departure of our former chief financial officer in 2020.

The increasedecrease in other expenses, net, was driven by an increase in interest expense related to the debt refinancing in the second quarter of 2018 and debt issuances in the third quarter of 2018, the proceeds of which were utilized for the October closings of the Tropicana Transactions and the acquisition of Plainridge Park, as well as the funding of the Belterra Park Loan in connection with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger. Also driving the increase was a $21.0 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the Company's cash tender of a portion of its 2020 Notes and the issuance of $1.1 billion in new unsecured notes during the third quarter of 2019, in connection with our efforts to reduce our borrowing costs and lengthen our average debt maturity.

The changes described above also led to higher FFO for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared2021 was due to $18.1 million of debt extinguishment charges in the prior year.

The increase in FFO for our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021 is due to the items described above, excluding gains (losses) from the disposition of property and real estate depreciation. The increase in AFFO for our GLP Capital segment was primarily driven byis due to the changesitems described above, as well as higherless the adjustments mentioned in the table above, primarily straight line rent adjustments,
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amortization expenses, stock based compensation charges, partially offset by the elimination of direct financing lease adjustmentscosts, provision for credit losses, net and lower straight-line rent adjustments, all of which are added back for purposes of calculating AFFO. Direct financing lease adjustments represent the portion of cash rent we received from tenants that was applied against our lease receivable and thus not recorded as revenue. These adjustments were eliminated due to the unwinding of the direct financing lease in October 2018, as the cash received is now recorded as rental income and no add-back to AFFO is necessary. The increase inlosses on debt extinguishment. Adjusted EBITDA for our GLP Capital segment was primarily driven by the increases in AFFO described above, as well as, a higher add-back for interest.

The net income of $8.7 million for our TRS Properties segment for the year ended December 31, 20192021, as compared to the prior year, also increased driven by the explanations above, as well as adjustments mentioned in the table above, primarily related to interest expense.

The net lossincome of $50.8$19.2 million for our TRS Properties segmentSegment for the year ended December 31, 20182021 as compared to a net loss of $2.3 million for the prior year is primarily related to a goodwill impairment charge of $59.5 millionstrong reopening results in the current year at our Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge property during the year ended December 31, 2018. This charge was the result of general market deteriorationand Hollywood Casino Perryville which in the prior year were closed temporarily from mid-March 2020 to May 2020 and June 2020, respectively, due to COVID-19. Additionally, the Company recorded a net after tax gain of $3.6 million on the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge region and the smoking ban at all Baton Rouge, Louisiana casinos that went into effect during the second quarter of 2018. The absence of an impairment charge in 2019 also led to higher FFO for our TRS Properties segment for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.

Revenues
 
Revenues for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Rental income$1,106,658 $1,031,036 $75,622 7.3 %
Interest income from real estate loans— 19,130 (19,130)(100.0)%
Total income from real estate1,106,658 1,050,166 56,492 5.4 %
Gaming, food, beverage and other109,693 102,999 6,694 6.5 %
Total revenues$1,216,351 $1,153,165 $63,186 5.5 %
  Year Ended December 31,   Percentage
  2019 2018 Variance Variance
Rental income $996,166
 $747,654
 $248,512
 33.2 %
Income from direct financing lease —
 81,119
 (81,119) (100.0)%
Interest income from real estate loans 28,916
 6,943
 21,973
 316.5 %
Real estate taxes paid by tenants —
 87,466
 (87,466) (100.0)%
Total income from real estate 1,025,082
 923,182
 101,900
 11.0 %
Gaming, food, beverage and other 128,391
 132,545
 (4,154) (3.1)%
Total revenues $1,153,473
 $1,055,727
 $97,746
 9.3 %
 
Total income from real estate

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, totalTotal income from real estate was $1,025.1increased $56.5 million, or 5.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Results for the current year benefited from the additions on the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease and the Casino Queen Master Lease which in the aggregate increased cash rental income by $29.5 million. Additionally, the Company benefited from full escalations being incurred on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Belterra Lease effective May 1, 2021 and the Penn Master Lease that became effective November 1, 2021. The aggregate impact of these escalations increased building base rent by $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company had higher percentage rent on the Penn Master Lease in the current year of $15.2 million, due to the impact of the COVID-19 closures in 2020 and strong performance in the current year by Penn's Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo properties. Finally, the Company also had favorable straight line rent adjustments of $8.6 million and $923.2higher ground rent revenue gross ups of $3.7 million respectively,due to the impact of the temporary COVID-19 closures that occurred in 2020.

Partially offsetting these favorable variances were lower percentage rents of $3.7 million from the 2020 resets on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Meadows Lease which was driven primarily from the COVID-19 closures. Additionally, we had lower cash rental income of $1.8 million on the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease that became effective in July 2020 which lowered rent initially but removed variable rents going forward and provided for our GLP Capital segment. fixed escalation increases as previously described.

The reason for the decline in interest income from real estate loans was due to the CZR loan and Belterra Park Loan both being satisfied in 2020 as the Company acquired the real estate subject to the Lumière Place Lease and the Belterra Park Lease. See Note 8 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.


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Details of the Company's income from real estate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2021Building base rentLand base rentPercentage rentTotal cash rental incomeStraight-line rent adjustmentsGround rent in revenue (1)Other rental revenueTotal rental income
Penn Master Lease$280,338 $93,969 $97,814 $472,121 $8,926 $3,013 $12 $484,072 
Amended Pinnacle Master Lease230,230 71,256 26,779 328,265 (19,346)7,430 — 316,349 
Penn - Meadows Lease15,811 — 9,046 24,857 2,288 — 195 27,340 
Penn Morgantown— 3,000 — 3,000 — — — 3,000 
Penn Perryville2,914 971 — 3,885 120 — — 4,005 
Caesars Master Lease62,514 23,729 — 86,243 10,358 1,586 — 98,187 
Lumiere Place Lease22,875 — — 22,875 544 — — 23,419 
BYD Master Lease76,652 11,785 9,845 98,282 2,296 1,726 — 102,304 
BYD Belterra Lease2,709 1,894 1,817 6,420 (1,211)— — 5,209 
Bally's Master Lease23,111 — — 23,111 — 4,832 — 27,943 
Casino Queen Master Lease9,388 — 5,424 14,812 18 — — 14,830 
Total$726,542 $206,604 $150,725 $1,083,871 $3,993 $18,587 $207 $1,106,658 

(1)In accordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the ground lease rent paid by its tenants with an     offsetting expense in land rights and ground lease expense within the consolidated statement of income as the Company has concluded that as the lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company subleases these ground leases back to its tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord. 


Total income from real estate increased $101.9 million, or 11.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the Tropicana Transactions and the Penn-Pinnacle Merger (including the Plainridge Park acquisition, the increased rent under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease and the Belterra Park Loan) both of which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2018, the impact of the rent escalators under our master leases, the partial recognition of income previously deferred under the Penn Master Lease and Meadows Lease and the recognition of cash rent that was previously applied against the lease receivable on our balance sheet as rental income. As a result of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety and all cash rent received from our tenants is recognized as revenue when earned. These increases were partially offset by the first percentage rent reset on the Penn Master Lease, which resulted in a rent decrease and the elimination of the revenue gross-up for real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants under ASC 842.

Details of the Company's income from real estate for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2019Penn Master Lease Amended Pinnacle Master Lease Eldorado Master Lease and Loan Boyd Master Lease and Mortgage Penn - Meadows Lease Casino Queen Lease Total
Building base rent$274,841
 $225,842
 $61,223
 $74,810
 $13,803
 $9,101
 $659,620
Land base rent93,969
 71,108
 13,360
 11,731
 —
 —
 190,168
Percentage rent86,351
 31,622
 13,360
 11,182
 11,168
 5,424
 159,107
Total cash rental income$455,161
 $328,572
 $87,943
 $97,723
 $24,971
 $14,525
 $1,008,895
Straight-line rent adjustments8,926
 (25,273) (11,579) (8,937) 2,289
 —
 (34,574)
Ground rent in revenue3,661
 7,217
 8,868
 1,601
 —
 —
 21,347
Other rental revenue—
 —
 —
 —
 498
 —
 498
Total rental income$467,748
 $310,516
 $85,232
 $90,387
 $27,758
 $14,525
 $996,166
Interest income from real estate loans—
 —
 22,471
 6,445
 —
 —
 28,916
Total income from real estate$467,748
 $310,516
 $107,703
 $96,832
 $27,758
 $14,525
 $1,025,082

Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue

Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue for our TRS Properties segment decreasedincreased by $4.2$6.7 million, or 3.1%6.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018,2020. The reason for the increase was due to decreased gaming, food, beverage and other revenues of $3.6 million and $0.6 million atthe properties being closed in mid-March 2020 due to COVID-19. Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge reopened to the public on May 18, 2020 and Hollywood Casino Perryville respectively. The largest driverreopened on June 19, 2020 with various restrictions to limit capacity in accordance with regulatory requirements. Results since reopening have exceeded the corresponding periods in the prior years as spend per visit has increased due to various factors such as pent up demand and government stimulus efforts, partially offset by the sale of the decrease resulted from general market deterioration in theoperations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge region and the smoking ban at all Baton Rouge, Louisiana casinos that went into effect during the second quarter of 2018.on December 17, 2021.

Operating Expenses
 
Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,   Percentage Year Ended December 31, Percentage
 2019 2018 Variance Variance20212020VarianceVariance
Gaming, food, beverage and other $74,700
 $77,127
 $(2,427) (3.1)%Gaming, food, beverage and other$53,039 $56,698 $(3,659)(6.5)%
Real estate taxes —
 88,757
 (88,757) (100.0)%
Land rights and ground lease expense 42,438
 28,358
 14,080
 49.7 %Land rights and ground lease expense37,390 29,041 8,349 28.7 %
General and administrative 65,477
 71,128
 (5,651) (7.9)%General and administrative61,245 68,572 (7,327)(10.7)%
(Gains) losses from disposition of properties(Gains) losses from disposition of properties(21,751)(41,393)19,642 (47.5)%
Depreciation 240,435
 137,093
 103,342
 75.4 %Depreciation236,434 230,973 5,461 2.4 %
Loan impairment charges 13,000
 —
 13,000
 N/A
Goodwill impairment charges —
 59,454
 (59,454) (100.0)%
Provision for credit losses, netProvision for credit losses, net8,226 — 8,226 —
Total operating expenses $436,050
 $461,917
 $(25,867) (5.6)%Total operating expenses$374,583 $343,891 $30,692 8.9 %

Gaming, food, beverage and other expense
 
Gaming, food, beverage and other expense for our TRS Properties segment decreased by approximately $2.4$3.7 million, or 3.1%6.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from lower gaming taxes2020. As previously discussed, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021. Additionally, the TRS Properties were closed for part of 2020 due to lower revenues at both TRS properties.

Real estate taxes

COVID-19.
Real estate taxes
decreased as we are no longer required to gross-up our financial statements for the real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants under ASC 842. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, which clarifies that lessor costs paid directly to a third-party by a lessee on behalf
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Table of the lessor, are no longer required to be recognized in the lessor's financial statements. Therefore, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, we are no longer required to gross-up our financial statements for real estate taxes paid directly to third-parties by our tenants.Contents

Land rights and ground lease expense

Land rights and ground lease expense includes the amortization of land rights and rent expense related to the Company's long-term ground leases. Land rights and ground lease expense increased by $14.1$8.3 million, or 49.7%28.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, primarily from higher ground lease rents paid by our tenants in 2021 of $4.7 million that are primarily based on the facilities' revenues which increased due to our acquisitionthe impact of rights to six long-term ground leasesCOVID-19 in connection with the Tropicana Acquisition, as well as accelerated land rights amortization expense related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property by our tenant2020 that resulted in the second quarter of 2019. In connection with the Tropicana Acquisition, we acquired land rights to long-term leases which are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as land right assets and amortized over the term of the leases, including renewal options. We also record rent expense related to these ground leases with offsetting revenue recorded within the consolidated statements of income as we have concluded that as the lessee we are the primary obligor under the ground leases.temporary casino closures. We sublease these ground leases back to our tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the applicable landlord. These amounts are required to be recorded in both revenue and expense within the consolidated statements of income as we have concluded that as the lessee the Company is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company also had higher land right amortization expense of $3.6 million due to the June 3, 2021 acquisition of Tropicana Evansville.
General and administrative expense
 
General and administrative expenses include items such as compensation costs (including stock-based compensation awards), professional services and costs associated with development activities. General and administrative expenses decreased by $5.7$7.3 million, or 7.9%10.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018,2020. This is primarily attributable to the negative impact from severance and stock acceleration charges of $6.3 million, related to the departure of our former chief financial officer as well as lower costs at our TRS Properties of $2.3 million primarily due to the absencesale of retirement costs (related to the retirementoperations of our former Chief Financial Officer in 2018),Hollywood Casino Perryville effective July 1, 2021, partially offset by higher stock-based compensation chargesbonus accruals in the current year.

Gains and losses from dispositions of property

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge which resulted in a combined pre-tax gain of $22.4 million. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. In connection with the Exchange Agreement with Caesars, whereby the Company acquired Waterloo and Bettendorf to replace Tropicana Evansville under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment of $5.7 million.

Depreciation expense

Depreciation expense increased by $103.3$5.5 million, or 75.4%2.4%, to $240.4$236.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20192021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, primarily resulting from the addition of the Tropicana and Plainridge Park real estate assets to our portfolio, the reclassification of the Pinnacle building assets to real estate investments on our balance sheet as a result of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, which required the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease to be treated as an operating lease in its entirety and the acceleration of depreciation related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property by our tenant in the second quarter of 2019.

Loan impairment charges

On March 17, 2017 the Company provided the Casino Queen Loan to CQ Holding Company, to partially finance its acquisition of Lady Luck Casino in Marquette, Iowa. During 2018, the operating results of Casino Queen declined substantially and Casino Queen defaulted under its senior credit agreement and also the Casino Queen Loan. As a result, the operations of Casino Queen were put up for sale during the fourth quarter of 2018. At December 31, 2018, active negotiations for the sale of Casino Queen's operations were taking place and full payment of the principal was still expected, due to the anticipation thatCompany's acquisitions over the operations were to be sold in the near termpast year.

Provision for an amount allowing for repayment of the full $13.0 million of loan principal due to GLPI.credit losses,net

During 2019, the operating results of Casino Queen continued to decline, the secured debt of Casino Queen was sold to a third-party casino operator at a discount and the Company no longer expected the loan to be repaid. Thus, because the Company did not expect Casino Queen to be able to repay the $13.0 million of principal due to it under the Casino Queen Loan, the full $13.0 million of principal was written off at March 31, 2019. The Company has recorded an impairment charge of $13.0 million through the consolidated statement of income forFor the year ended December 31, 2019 to reflect2021, the write-offCompany recorded a $12.2 million provision for credit losses on the Maryland Live! Lease which represented the Company's best estimate of losses over the

Casino Queen Loan. Additionally, at December 31, 2019, all lease payments due from Casino Queen remain current, however Casino Queen was in violation life of the rent coverage ratio requiredlease under its lease withASC 326 "Credit Losses". See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Allowance for Credit Losses, for further discussion. Additionally, the Company and the Company provided notice andrecorded a reservation of rights to Casino Queen and its secured lenders of such default.

Goodwill impairment charges

During$4 million recovery during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded2021 for a goodwill impairment chargepayment received from Casino Queen in full satisfaction of $59.5 million in connection with its operations at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. This charge was driven by general market deterioration in the Baton Rouge region and the smoking ban at all Baton Rouge, Louisiana casinos that went into effect during the second quarter of 2018, both of which significantly impacted the Company's forecasted cash flows for this reporting unit. Subsequent to conducting its impairment tests on other long-lived assets, including the gaming license at Hollywood Casino Perryville, the Company performed Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, which indicated a potential impairment. Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test involved the determination of the fair value of the Baton Rouge reporting unit and its comparison to the reporting unit's carrying amount. Using a discounted cash flow model, which relied on projected EBITDA to determine the reporting unit's future cash flows, the Company calculated a fair valueloan that was less than the reporting unit's carrying value and proceeded to Step 2. In Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, the Company performed a fair value allocation as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and assigned the fair value of the reporting unit calculated in Step 1 to all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets. Any residual fair value was allocated to goodwill to arrive at the implied fair value of goodwill. After completing the Step 2 allocation, the Company determined the goodwill on its Baton Rouge reporting unit had an implied fair value of $16.1 million and recorded the impairment charge of $59.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2018.previously fully impaired.

Other income (expenses)
 
Other income (expenses) for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Year Ended December 31,   Percentage Year Ended December 31, Percentage
 2019 2018 Variance Variance20212020VarianceVariance
Interest expense $(301,520) $(247,684) $(53,836) 21.7 %Interest expense$(283,037)$(282,142)$(895)0.3 %
Interest income 756
 1,827
 (1,071) (58.6)%Interest income197 569 (372)(65.4)%
Insurance gainInsurance gain3,500 — 3,500 N/M
Losses on debt extinguishment (21,014) (3,473) (17,541) 505.1 %Losses on debt extinguishment— (18,113)18,113 (100.0)%
Total other expenses $(321,778) $(249,330) $(72,448) 29.1 %Total other expenses$(279,340)$(299,686)$20,346 (6.8)%
 
Interest expense
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Insurance gain

For the year ended December 31, 2019, interest expense related to our fixed and variable rate borrowings was $301.52021, the Company recognized insurance gains of $3.5 million as compared to $247.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2018. Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of an aggregate $2.1 billion of new senior unsecured notes during May and September 2018 and to a lesser extent the issuance of $400 million of 3.35% senior unsecured notes due 2024 and $700 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due 2030 during the third quarter of 2019. These increases were partially offset by decreases in interest expenseinsurance claim related to the terminationtemporary closures of the Term Loan A facility, partial repayment of our Term Loan A-1 facility, repayments of borrowing under our revolving credit facilityHollywood Casino Perryville and the 2018 and 2019 Tender Offers (as defined below). The proceeds from the issuance of the senior unsecured notes issuedHollywood Casino Baton Rouge in September 2018 were used2020 related to finance the Tropicana Transactions, to purchase Plainridge Park and to fund the Belterra Park Loan, while the proceeds from the unsecured notes issued in 2019 were used to finance the 2019 Tender Offer, repay borrowings under our revolving credit facility and repay a portion of outstanding borrowings under our Term Loan A-1 facility. The 2019 issuances and tender offer were part of our efforts to reduce our borrowing costs and lengthen our average debt maturity.COVID-19.

Losses on debt extinguishment

On September 12, 2019,In the first quarter of 2020, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2019 Tender Offer") to purchase its $1,000redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's outstanding 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notessenior unsecured notes due in November 2020 (the "2020 Notes").and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, resulting in the retirement of such senior notes. The Company received early tenders from the holders of approximately $782.6 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes, or approximately 78% of its outstanding 2020 Notes, in connection with the 2019 Tender Offer at a price of 102.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date. Subsequent to the early tender deadline, an additional $2.2 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes were tendered at a price of 99.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date, for a total redemption of $784.8 million of the 2020 Notes. The Company recorded

a loss losses on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer,current year retirements of approximately $21.0 million, for the difference between the reaquisition price of the tendered 2020 Notes and their net carrying value.

On May 21, 2018, the Company entered into the second amendment to its senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), which increased the Company's revolving commitments, eliminated the Term Loan A facility, required the Company to repay a portion of the Term Loan A-1 facility and extended the maturity date of the revolving credit facility to May 21, 2023. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt, related to the second amendment to the Credit Facility, of approximately $1.0 million for the proportional amount of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the extinguished Term Loan A facility and related to the banks that are no longer participating in the Credit Facility.

Also on May 21, 2018, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2018 Tender Offer") to purchase any and all of the outstanding $550 million aggregate principal of its 4.375% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2018 (the "2018 Notes"). The Company received tenders from the holders of approximately $393.5 million in aggregate principal of the 2018 Notes, or approximately 72% of its outstanding 2018 Notes, in connection with the 2018 Tender Offer at a price of 100.396% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt, related to the 2018 Tender Offer of approximately $2.5 million for the difference between the reaquisition price of the tendered 2018 Notes and their net carrying value. On August 16, 2018, the Company redeemed the remaining 2018 Notes for 100% of the principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.

Taxes

Our income tax expense decreased $0.2$18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20192020 primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

Taxes

Our income tax expense increased $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, we had income tax expense of approximately $4.8$28.3 million, compared to income tax expense of $5.0$3.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.2020. Our income tax expense is primarily driven from the operations of the TRS Properties,Segment, which are taxed at the corporate rate. Our effective tax rate (income taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 1.2%5.0% and 1.4%0.8% for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. The current year sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, as well as deferred tax write off related to the sale of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge resulted in a $18.9 million increase to income tax expense in 2021.



Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flow from operations, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $750.3$803.8 million and $654.4$428.1 million during the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities of $95.9$375.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20192021 as compared to the prior year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily comprised ofdue to an increase in cash receipts from customers/tenants and customers of $151.0$388.2 million, and a decrease in cash paid to employees of $3.3$9.6 million and a decrease in cash paid for operating expenses of $2.5 million, partially offset by increasesan increase in cash paid for interest and operating expensestaxes of $44.8$14.1 million and $6.4 million, respectively.an increase in interest payments of $12.4 million. The increase in cash receipts collected from our customerstenants and tenants for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018customers was primarily due to $337.5 million in non-cash rent recognized in connection with the Tropicana TransactionsLas Vegas and Morgantown transactions in 2020, higher rental income from the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease, and the Penn-Pinnacle Merger bothCasino Queen Master Lease, and higher percentage rent on the Penn Master Lease due to strong results at Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo (which were closed for part of which occurred in2020 due to COVID-19), along with the fourth quarterstrong reopenings of 2018, partially offset by a decrease in our TRS Properties' revenues.Properties, which were forced to close in mid-March 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. These properties reopened in May 2020 and June 2020 as previously discussed. The reduction in cash paid to employees was primarily due to lower bonus payouts in 2021 related to 2020 performance that was negatively impacted by COVID-19 as well as the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and the sale of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021. The increase in cashtaxes paid for interest was relateddue to the Company's September 2018 borrowings which were usedsale of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and strong results at the TRS Properties prior to fund the Tropicana Transactions,sales. The increase in interest payments is due primarily from the acquisition$700 million 4.000% senior unsecured note offering that was completed in June and August of Plainridge Park and the Belterra Park Loan.2020.

Investing activities used net cash of $2.8$1,030.8 million and $1,509.8$9.5 million during the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily2021 consisted of $487.5 million for the acquisition of real estate assets in the Bally's acquisitions and $592.2 million for the acquisition of the real estate assets of Maryland Live! which was accounted for as an investment in lease, financing receivable. The Company also incurred capital expenditures of $3.0$16.2 million, partially offset by the net proceeds received for the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn of $30.8 million, proceeds from salesthe sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen of $28.2 million, a loan loss recovery of $4.0 million, and proceeds from the sale of property and equipment of $0.2$2.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 20182020 primarily consisted of cash paymentscapital expenditures of $1,243.5$3.1 million and $5.9 million for the acquisition of real estate assets primarily related to the acquisitionEvansville swap transaction.

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Table of five Tropicana properties and Plainridge Park and $304 million of cash paid for the origination of real estate loans to casino owner-operators, partially offset by $38.5 million of rental payments received from tenants and applied against the lease receivable we had on our balance sheet prior to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger.Contents
Financing activities used net cash of $746.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 and provided net cash of $852.1$443.1 million and $63.2 million during the yearyears ended December 31, 2018. Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was driven by repayments of long-term debt of $1,477.9 million, dividend payments of $589.1 million, $18.9 million of premium2021 and related costs paid on the tender of senior unsecured notes, taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings, net of stock option exercises of $9.1 million and financing costs of $10.0 million, partially offset by $1,358.9 million of proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued $1,100.0 million par value in new senior unsecured notes, completed a cash tender for a portion of our 2020, Notes, partially repaid borrowings under our Term Loan A-1 and revolving credit facilities and launched a $600 million ATM Program.

respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 20182021 was driven by $795.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and $662.3 million of $2,593.4net proceeds from the issuance of common stock, partially offset by the repayment of long term debt of $363.4 million relating to the Maryland Live! transaction, dividend payments of $633.9 million and proceeds from stock option exercises, net of taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings of $7.5 million, partially offset by dividend payments of $550.4 million, repayments of long-term debt of $1,164.1 million, financing costs of $32.4 million and $1.9 million of premium and related costs paid on the tender of senior unsecured notes.$9.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, the Company issued $2,100.0raised $2,076.4 million par value of new senior unsecured notes, completed a tenderproceeds from the issuance of long term debt and redemption$320.9 million of net proceeds from the 2018 Notes, repaid a portionissuance of the Term Loan A-1 facilitycommon stock. This was partially offset by repayments of long-term debt of $2,076.6 million, dividend payments of $230.5 million and extinguished the Term Loan A facility.taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings of $15.3 million.

Capital Expenditures
 
Capital expenditures are accounted for as either capital project or capital maintenance (replacement) expenditures. Capital project expenditures are for fixed asset additions that expand an existing facility or create a new facility. The cost of properties developed by the Company include costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. Capital maintenance expenditures are expenditures to replace existing fixed assets with a useful life greater than one year that are obsolete, worn out or no longer cost effective to repair.

During the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 we spent approximately $3.0$2.3 million and $4.3$3.1 million respectively, for capital maintenance expenditures. The majority of the capital maintenance expenditures were for slot machines and slot machine equipment at our TRS Properties. Our tenants are responsible for capital maintenance expenditures at our leased properties. However, during 2021, $5.2 million was incurred on capital project expenditures related to a landside development project at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and $8.7 million was incurred on capital project expenditures related to an expansion at Casino Queen.


Debt

Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

ThePrior to June 25, 2020, the Company's Credit Facility consistssenior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), consisted of a $1,175 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with a maturity date of May 21, 2023, and a $449 million Term Loan A-1 facility. facility with a maturity date of April 28, 2021.

The revolving creditCompany fully drew down on its Revolver in the first quarter of 2020 to increase its liquidity position and repay certain senior unsecured notes as described below. On June 25, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility (as amended, the "Amended Credit Facility") which extended the maturity date of approximately $224 million of outstanding Term Loan A-1 facility matures onborrowings to May 21, 2023, andwhich term loans are now classified as a new tranche of term loans (Term Loans A-2). Additionally, the Company borrowed incremental Term Loans A-2 totaling $200 million. Furthermore, on June 25, 2020, the Company also closed on an offering of $500 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 priced at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the proceeds from these two financings along with cash on hand to repay all outstanding obligations under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company borrowed an additional $200 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the net proceeds from this additional borrowing to repay indebtedness under the Term Loan A-1 facility matures on April 28, 2021.facility.

At December 31, 2019,2021, the Amended Credit Facility had a gross outstanding balance of $495$424.0 million, consisting of the $449$424.0 million Term Loan A-1 facility and $46 million of borrowingsA-2 facility. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility.Revolver. Additionally, at December 31, 2019,2021, the Company was contingently obligated under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facility with face amounts aggregating approximately $0.4 million, resulting in $1,128.6$1,174.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2019.Revolver.

The interest rates payable on the loans are, at the Company's option, equal to either a LIBOR rate or a base rate plus an applicable margin, which ranges from 1.0% to 2.0% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.0% to 1.0% per annum for base rate loans, in each case, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2019,2021, the applicable margin was 1.50% for LIBOR loans and 0.50% for base rate loans. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments under the revolving facilityRevolver at a rate that ranges from 0.15% to 0.35% per annum, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2019,2021, the commitment fee rate was 0.25%. The Company is not required to repay any loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity and may
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prepay all or any portion of the loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of any LIBOR breakage costs of the lenders. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, GLP Capital, is the primary obligor under the Amended Credit Facility, which is guaranteed by GLPI.

The Amended Credit Facility contains customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of GLPI and its subsidiaries to grant liens on their assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations or pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. The Amended Credit Facility contains the following financial covenants, which are measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis: a maximum total debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum senior secured debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum ratio of certain recourse debt to unencumbered asset value and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, GLPI is required to maintain a minimum tangible net worth and its status as a REIT. GLPI is permitted to pay dividends to its shareholders as may be required in order to maintain REIT status, subject to the absence of payment or bankruptcy defaults. GLPI is also permitted to make other dividends and distributions subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants and the absence of defaults. The Amended Credit Facility also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control and termination of the Penn Master Lease (subject to certain replacement rights). The occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Amended Credit Facility will enable the lenders under the Amended Credit Facility to accelerate the loans and terminate the commitments thereunder. At December 31, 2019,2021, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under the Amended Credit Facility.

Senior Unsecured Notes

At December 31, 2019,2021, the Company had an outstanding balance of $5,290.2$6,175.0 million of senior unsecured notes (the "Senior Notes").

On December 13, 2021, the Company issued $800 million of 3.25% senior unsecured notes due January 2032 at an issue price equal to 99.376% of the principal amount. The proceeds are being used to partially finance the Company's acquisition of certain real estate assets in the Cordish transaction as described in Note 7.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in November 2020 and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the redemption of $17.3 million, primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

On June 25, 2020, the Company issued $500 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount to repay indebtedness under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company issued an additional $200 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount to repay Term Loan A-1 indebtedness, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $0.8 million, related to debt issuance write-offs. These bond offerings have extended the maturities of our long-term debt.

On August 29, 2019, the Company issued $400 million of 3.35% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on September 1, 2024 at an issue price equal to 99.899% of the principal amount (the "2024 Notes") and $700 million of 4.00% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on January 15, 2030 at an issue price equal to 99.751% of the principal amount (the "2030 Notes"). Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2020. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2020. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Notes and 2030 Notes were used to (i) finance the Company's cash tender offer to purchase its 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (described below), (ii) repay outstanding borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility and (iii) repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Company's Term Loan A-1 facility.

On September 12, 2019, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2019 Tender Offer") to purchase its $1,000 million aggregate principal amount 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"). The Company received early tenders from the holders of approximately $782.6 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes, or approximately 78% of its outstanding 2020 Notes, in connection with the 2019 Tender Offer at a price of 102.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date. Subsequent to the early tender deadline, an additional $2.2 million in

aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes werewas tendered at a price of 99.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date, for a total redemption of $784.8 million of the 2020 Notes. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer, of approximately $21.0 million, for the difference between the reaquisitionreacquisition price of the tendered 2020 Notes and their net carrying value.

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The Company may redeem the Senior Notes of any series at any time, and from time to time, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a "make-whole" redemption premium described in the indenture governing the Senior Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, except that if Senior Notes of a series are redeemed 90 or fewer days prior to their maturity, the redemption price will be 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. If GLPI experiences a change of control accompanied by a decline in the credit rating of the Senior Notes of a particular series, the Company will be required to give holders of the Senior Notes of such series the opportunity to sell their Senior Notes of such series at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes of such series, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. The Senior Notes also are subject to mandatory redemption requirements imposed by gaming laws and regulations.  
The Senior Notes were issued by GLP Capital L.P. and GLP Financing II, Inc. (the "Issuers"), two wholly-owned subsidiaries of GLPI both of which are consolidated by GLPI, and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by GLPI. TheGLPI which such guarantees of GLPI are full and unconditional. The Senior Notes are the Issuers' senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of the Issuers' senior indebtedness, including the Amended Credit Facility, and senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers' subordinated indebtedness, without giving effect to collateral arrangements. See Note 21 for additional financial informationGLPI is not subject to any material or significant restrictions on its ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries through dividends or loans or to transfer assets from such subsidiaries, except as provided by applicable law and the parent guarantor and subsidiary issuerscovenants listed below. None of GLPI's other subsidiaries guarantee the Senior Notes.
The Senior Notes contain covenants limiting the Company’s ability to: incur additional debt and use its assets to secure debt; merge or consolidate with another company; and make certain amendments to the Penn Master Lease. The Senior Notes also require the Company to maintain a specified ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. These covenants are subject to a number of important and significant limitations, qualifications and exceptions.

GLPI owns all of the assets of GLP Capital and conducts all of its operations through the operating partnership. Based on the amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X that the SEC released on January 4, 2021, we note that since GLPI fully and unconditionally guarantees the debt securities of the Issuers and consolidates both Issuers, we are not required to provide separate financial statements for the Issuers and GLPI since they are consolidated into GLPI and the GLPI guarantee is “full and unconditional.”

Furthermore, as permitted under Rule 13-01(a)(4)(vi), we excluded the summarized financial information for the Issuers because the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the Issuers and GLPI are not materially different than the corresponding amounts in GLPI’s consolidated financial statements and we believe such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.
 
At December 31, 2019,2021, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under its Senior Notes.

Finance Lease Liability

The Company assumed the finance lease obligations related to certain assets at its Aurora, Illinois property. GLPI recorded the asset and liability associated with the finance lease on its consolidated balance sheet. The original term of the finance lease is 30 years and it will terminate in 2026.

Distribution Requirements

We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, in order to qualify to be taxed as a REIT (assuming that certain other requirements are also satisfied) so that U.S. federal corporate income tax does not apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.

LIBOR Transition

The majority of our debt is at fixed rates and our exposure to variable interest rates is currently limited to our revolving credit facilityRevolver and our Term Loan A-1.A-2. Both of these debt instruments are indexed to LIBOR which is expected to be phased out during late 2021.through mid-2023. The discontinuance of LIBOR would affect our interest expense and earnings. As the Term Loan A-1 matures in mid-2021, only theThe borrowings under our revolverAmended Credit Facility will be subject to the expected LIBOR transition. LIBOR is currently expected to transition to a new standard rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). We are currently monitoring the transition and cannot be certain whether SOFR will become the standard rate for our variable rate debt. However, the transition away from LIBOR rates will likely require us to renegotiate our revolving credit facility, which does not provide for reference rate replacement. We expect to successfully renegotiate this agreement and do not expect the reference rate transition to have a significant impact to our overall operations.


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Outlook

Based on our current level of operations and anticipated earnings, we believe that cash generated from operations and cash on hand, together with amounts available under our senior unsecured credit facility,Amended Credit Facility, will be adequate to meet our anticipated debt service requirements, pending acquisition costs for our Pennsylvania transactions with Cordish that will total approximately $698 million, inclusive of estimated real estate transfer taxes and fees (of which $575 million will require cash with the remainder funded in additional operating units) and the $150 million purchase price for the real estate of Bally's Black Hawk and Rock Island properties, capital expenditures, working capital needs and dividend requirements. Additionally, we anticipate the sale of the non-land real estate assets at Tropicana Las Vegas to Bally's will result in $150.0 million of proceeds.

In addition, we expect the majority of our future growth to come from acquisitions of gaming and other properties to lease to third parties. If we consummate significant acquisitions in the future, our cash requirements may increase significantly and we would likely need to raise additional proceeds through a combination of either common equity (including under our ATM Program), issuance of additional operating partnership units, and/or debt offerings. In addition, although we have no significant debt maturities in 2022, the Company intends to refinance its Amended Credit Facility and certain senior unsecured note obligations in advance of their maturity dates in 2023. Our future operating performance and our ability to service or refinance our debt will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Capital Structure" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the risk related to our capital structure.


Commitments and Contingencies
Contractual Cash Obligations
The following table presents our contractual obligations at December 31, 2019:
 Payments Due By Period
 Total 2020 2021 - 2022 2023 - 2024 2025 and After
 (in thousands)
Senior unsecured credit facility 
  
  
  
  
Principal$495,000
 $—
 $449,000
 $46,000
 $—
Interest (1)
26,445
 17,590
 8,250
 605
 —
4.875% senior unsecured notes due 2020 
  
  
  
  
Principal215,174
 215,174
 —
 —
 —
Interest10,490
 10,490
 —
 —
 —
4.375% senior unsecured notes due 2021         
   Principal400,000
 —
 400,000
 —
 —
   Interest26,250
 17,500
 8,750
 —
 —
5.375% senior unsecured notes due 2023 
  
  
  
  
Principal500,000
 —
 —
 500,000
 —
Interest107,500
 26,875
 53,750
 26,875
 —
3.35% senior unsecured notes due 2024         
Principal400,000
 —
 —
 400,000
 —
Interest67,074
 13,474
 26,800
 26,800
 —
5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2025         
Principal850,000
 —
 —
 —
 850,000
Interest245,438
 44,625
 89,250
 89,250
 22,313
5.375% senior unsecured notes due 2026         
   Principal975,000
 —
 —
 —
 975,000
   Interest340,641
 52,406
 104,813
 104,813
 78,609
5.75% senior unsecured notes due 2028         
   Principal500,000
 —
 —
 —
 500,000
   Interest244,375
 28,750
 57,500
 57,500
 100,625
5.30% senior unsecured notes due 2029         
   Principal750,000
 —
 —
 —
 750,000
   Interest377,625
 39,750
 79,500
 79,500
 178,875
4.00% senior unsecured notes due 2030         
   Principal700,000
 —
 —
 —
 700,000
   Interest290,578
 24,578
 56,000
 56,000
 154,000
Finance lease liability989
 129
 277
 305
 278
Operating lease liabilities (2)
712,810
 14,071
 27,425
 27,255
 644,059
Other liabilities reflected in the Company's consolidated balance sheets (3)
505
 505
 —
 —
 —
Total$8,235,894
 $505,917
 $1,361,315
 $1,414,903
 $4,953,759

(1)
The interest rates associated with the variable rate components of our senior unsecured credit facility are estimated, reflected of forward LIBOR curves plus the spread over LIBOR of 150 basis points. The contractual amounts to be paid on our variable rate obligations are affected by changes in market interest rates and changes in our spreads which are based on our leverage ratios. Future changes in such ratios will impact the contractual amounts to be paid. For

considerations surrounding the phase out of LIBOR refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2)
The Company's operating leases liabilities include the fixed payments due under those ground leases for which the Company subleases the land to our tenants who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord, as we are considered the primary obligor under these leases. Variable lease costs, including lease payments tied to a property's performance and changes in an index such as the CPI that are not determinable at lease commencement, are excluded from our operating lease liabilities.

(3)    Primarily represents liabilities associated with reward programs at our TRS Properties that can be redeemed for free
play, merchandise or services.
Other Commercial Commitments
The following table presents our material commercial commitments as of December 31, 2019 for the following future periods:
 Total Amounts Committed 2020 2021 - 2022 2023 - 2024 2025 and After
 (in thousands)
Letters of credit (1)
$395
 $395
 —
 —
 —
Total$395
 $395
 —
 —
 —

(1)
The available balance under the revolving credit portion of our senior unsecured credit facility is reduced by outstanding letters of credit.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
We face market risk exposure in the form of interest rate risk. These market risks arise from our debt obligations. We have no international operations. Our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is not significant to our financial condition or results of operations.
 
GLPI’s primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to its indebtedness of $5,786.2$6,599.7 million at December 31, 2019.2021. Furthermore, $5,290.2$6,175.0 million of our obligations are the senior unsecured notes that have fixed interest rates with maturity dates ranging from less than one yearapproximately two years to ten years. An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by GLPI more costly, as well as increase the costs of its variable rate debt obligations. Rising interest rates could also limit GLPI’s ability to refinance its debt when it matures or cause GLPI to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. GLPI may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to its borrowings by means of interest rate swap agreements. GLPI also expects to manage its exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rates for its indebtedness. However, the provisions of the Code applicable to REITs substantially limit GLPI’s ability to hedge its assets and liabilities.
 
The table below provides information at December 31, 20192021 about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations, the table presents notional amounts maturing in each fiscal year and the related weighted-average interest rates by maturity dates. Notional amounts are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged by maturity date and the weighted-average interest rates for our variable rate debt are based on implied forward LIBOR rates at December 31, 2019.2021.
 

1/01/20- 12/31/20 1/01/21- 12/31/21 1/01/22- 12/31/22 1/01/23- 12/31/23 1/01/24- 12/31/24 Thereafter Total Fair Value at 12/31/2019 1/01/22- 12/31/221/01/23- 12/31/231/01/24- 12/31/241/01/25- 12/31/251/01/26 12/31/26ThereafterTotalFair Value at 12/31/2021
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Long-term debt: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Long-term debt:        
Fixed rate$215,174
 $400,000
 $—
 $500,000
 $400,000
 $3,775,000
 $5,290,174
 $5,707,996
Fixed rate$— $500,000 $400,000 $850,000 $975,000 $3,450,000 $6,175,000 $6,645,574 
Average interest rate4.88% 4.38% 

 5.38% 3.35% 5.13%  
  
Average interest rate5.38 %3.35 %5.25 %5.38 %4.36 %  
               
Variable rate$—
 $449,000
 $—
 $46,000
 $—
 $—
 $495,000
 $493,533
Variable rate$— $424,019 $— $— $— $— $424,019 $424,019 
Average interest rate (1)


 3.46% 

 3.38% 

  
  
  
Average interest rate (1)
2.90 %   
 

(1)           Estimated rate, reflective of forward LIBOR plus the spread over LIBOR applicable to variable-rate borrowing. For considerations surrounding the phase out of LIBOR refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control -- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 20, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Real Estate Investments - See Note 2 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
Real estate investments primarily represent land and buildings leased to the Company's tenants. Single-property lease assets accountReal estate investments that we received in connection with the Spin-Off were contributed to us at Penn's historical carrying amount. We record the acquisition of real estate at fair value, including acquisition and closing costs. The cost of properties developed by GLPI includes costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for $428.8Moccupancy. We consider the period of future benefit of the total real estate investment, net, account balance. The Companyasset to determine the appropriate useful lives. Depreciation is computed using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the buildings and building improvements. If we used a shorter or longer estimated useful life, it could have a material impact on our results of operations.
We continually monitorsmonitor events and circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of itsour real estate investments may not be recoverable or realized. The factors considered by the Company in performing these assessments include evaluating whether the tenant is current on itstheir lease payments, the tenant’s rent coverage ratio, the financial stability of the tenant and its parent company, and any other relevant factors. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, we determine whether the Company estimatesestimated undiscounted cash flows from the fairunderlying lease exceeds the real estate investments' carrying value. If we determine the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the asset's carrying value then we would recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the investmentasset to its estimated fair value, calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). We group our real estate investments together by calculatinglease, the undiscountedlowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available, in evaluating impairment. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value, the Company must make assumptions regarding future cash flows fromand other factors. The factors considered by the

use Company in performing this assessment include current operating results, market and eventual disposition of the investment. For the year ended December 31, 2019, no impairment loss has been recognized on these real estate assets.

Auditing the Company’s evaluation of potential impairment indicators of single-property lease assets was highly subjective as it required assessing the financial stability of the tenants, the parent companies’ willingness to fund rent shortfalls should they arise,other applicable trends and the overall market for the tenants’ market offerings in the geographies in which the properties are located. We evaluated whether management appropriately identified events or changes in circumstances that indicated that the carrying amounts of these real estate assets may not be recoverable, which required significant judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the evaluation of real estate assets for possible indicators of impairment included the following, among others:
We tested the effectiveness of the controls over management’s identification of possible circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amounts of the single-property lease assets are no longer recoverable or realizable
We obtained and examined internal communications to management and the Board of Directors to identify potential inconsistencies or contradictory information regarding the financial stability of the tenants that may not have been considered in the Company’s assessment
We evaluated management’s impairment analysis by testing the single-property lease assets for possible indicators of impairment, including the identification of events or changes affecting the tenants’ financial stability by searching for adverse asset-specific or market conditions through obtaining gaming industry and regulatory reports

/s/ Deloitte & Touche


New York, New York
February 20, 2020

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.











Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data) 
 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
    
Assets   
Real estate investments, net$7,100,555
 $7,331,460
Property and equipment, used in operations, net94,080
 100,884
Real estate loans303,684
 303,684
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net838,734
 673,207
Cash and cash equivalents26,823
 25,783
Prepaid expenses4,228
 30,967
Goodwill16,067
 16,067
Other intangible assets9,577
 9,577
Loan receivable—
 13,000
Deferred tax assets6,056
 5,178
Other assets34,494
 67,486
Total assets$8,434,298
 $8,577,293
    
Liabilities   
Accounts payable$1,006
 $2,511
Accrued expenses6,239
 30,297
Accrued interest60,695
 45,261
Accrued salaries and wages13,821
 17,010
Gaming, property, and other taxes944
 42,879
Lease liabilities183,971
 —
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts5,737,962
 5,853,497
Deferred rental revenue328,485
 293,911
Deferred tax liabilities279
 261
Other liabilities26,651
 26,059
Total liabilities6,360,053
 6,311,686
    
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)


 


    
Shareholders’ equity   
    
Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018)—
 —
Common stock ($.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 214,694,165 and 214,211,932 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)2,147
 2,142
Additional paid-in capital3,959,383
 3,952,503
Accumulated deficit(1,887,285) (1,689,038)
Total shareholders’ equity2,074,245
 2,265,607
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$8,434,298
 $8,577,293
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.


Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017
       
Revenues  
  
  
Rental income $996,166
 $747,654
 $671,190
Income from direct financing lease —
 81,119
 74,333
Interest income from real estate loans 28,916
 6,943
 —
Real estate taxes paid by tenants —
 87,466
 83,698
Total income from real estate 1,025,082
 923,182
 829,221
Gaming, food, beverage and other 128,391
 132,545
 142,086
Total revenues 1,153,473
 1,055,727
 971,307
       
Operating expenses  
  
  
Gaming, food, beverage and other 74,700
 77,127
 80,487
Real estate taxes —
 88,757
 84,666
Land rights and ground lease expense 42,438
 28,358
 24,005
General and administrative 65,477
 71,128
 63,151
Depreciation 240,435
 137,093
 113,480
Loan impairment charges 13,000
 —
 —
  Goodwill impairment charges —
 59,454
 —
Total operating expenses 436,050
 461,917
 365,789
Income from operations 717,423
 593,810
 605,518
       
Other income (expenses)  
  
  
Interest expense (301,520) (247,684) (217,068)
Interest income 756
 1,827
 1,935
   Losses on debt extinguishment (21,014) (3,473) —
Total other expenses (321,778) (249,330) (215,133)
       
Income before income taxes 395,645
 344,480
 390,385
Income tax expense 4,764
 4,964
 9,787
Net income $390,881
 $339,516
 $380,598
       
Earnings per common share:  
  
  
Basic earnings per common share $1.82
 $1.59
 $1.80
Diluted earnings per common share $1.81
 $1.58
 $1.79

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.


Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share data)

 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 Shares Amount   
Balance, December 31, 2016207,676,827
 $2,077
 $3,760,729
 $(1,328,937) $2,433,869
Issuance of common stock3,864,872
 38
 139,376
 —
 139,414
Stock option activity1,013,984
 10
 20,993
 —
 21,003
Restricted stock activity161,866
 2
 12,731
 —
 12,733
Dividends paid ($2.50 per common share)—
 —
 —
 (529,370) (529,370)
Net income—
 —
 —
 380,598
 380,598
Balance, December 31, 2017212,717,549
 2,127
 3,933,829
 (1,477,709) 2,458,247
Stock option activity1,007,750
 10
 19,805
 —
 19,815
Restricted stock activity486,633
 5
 (1,131) —
 (1,126)
Dividends paid ($2.57 per common share)—
 —
 —
 (550,435) (550,435)
Adoption of new revenue standard—
 —
 —
 (410) (410)
Net income—
 —
 —
 339,516
 339,516
Balance, December 31, 2018214,211,932
 2,142
 3,952,503
 (1,689,038) 2,265,607
ATM Program offering costs, net of issuance of common stock1,500
 —
 (255) —
 (255)
Stock option activity26,799
 —
 592
 —
 592
Restricted stock activity453,934
 5
 6,543
 —
 6,548
Dividends paid ($2.74 per common share)—
 —
 —
 (589,128) (589,128)
Net income—
 —
 —
 390,881
 390,881
Balance, December 31, 2019214,694,165
 $2,147
 $3,959,383
 $(1,887,285) $2,074,245
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.


Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017
Operating activities  
  
  
Net income $390,881
 $339,516
 $380,598
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
  
  
Depreciation and amortization 258,971
 148,365
 123,835
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts 11,455
 12,167
 13,026
Losses on dispositions of property 92
 309
 530
Deferred income taxes (755) (522) (561)
Stock-based compensation 16,198
 11,152
 15,636
Straight-line rent adjustments 34,574
 61,888
 65,971
Losses on debt extinguishment 21,014
 3,473
 —
Loan impairment charges 13,000
 —
 —
Goodwill impairment charges —
 59,454
 —
       
(Increase) decrease,  
  
  
Prepaid expenses and other assets (6,070) (673) (5,332)
(Decrease), increase  
  
  
Accounts payable (1,505) 1,796
 (421)
Accrued expenses (270) (126) 411
Accrued interest 15,434
 12,020
 (502)
Accrued salaries and wages (3,189) 6,201
 190
Gaming, property and other taxes (120) (149) (517)
Other liabilities 592
 (438) 5,847
Net cash provided by operating activities 750,302
 654,433
 598,711
Investing activities  
  
  
Capital project expenditures —
 (20) (78)
Capital maintenance expenditures (3,017) (4,284) (3,178)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 200
 3,211
 934
Principal payments on loan receivable —
 —
 13,200
Acquisition of real estate assets —
 (1,243,466) (83,252)
   Originations of real estate loans —
 (303,684) —
   Collections of principal payments on investment in direct financing lease —
 38,459
 73,072
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (2,817) (1,509,784) 698
Financing activities  
  
  
Dividends paid (589,128) (550,435) (529,370)
Taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings, net of proceeds from exercise of options (9,058) 7,537
 18,157
ATM Program offering costs and proceeds from issuance of common stock, net (255) —
 139,414
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 1,358,853
 2,593,405
 100,000
Financing costs (10,029) (32,426) —
Repayments of long-term debt (1,477,949) (1,164,117) (335,112)
Premium and related costs paid on tender of senior unsecured notes (18,879) (1,884) —
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (746,445) 852,080
 (606,911)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,040
 (3,271) (7,502)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 25,783
 29,054
 36,556
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $26,823
 $25,783
 $29,054
See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for supplemental cash flow information and noncash investing and financing activities.

Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1.Business and Basis of Presentation
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. ("GLPI") is a self-administered and self-managed Pennsylvania real estate investment trust ("REIT"). GLPI (together with its subsidiaries, the "Company") was incorporated on February 13, 2013, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Penn National Gaming, Inc. ("Penn"). On November 1, 2013, Penn contributed to GLPI, through a series of internal corporate restructurings, substantially all of the assets and liabilities associated with Penn’s real property interests and real estate development business,residual values, as well as the assetseffect of obsolescence, demand, competition and liabilitiesother factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss.

Results of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville (which are referred to as the "TRS Properties") and then spun-off GLPI to holders of Penn's common and preferred stock in a tax-free distribution (the "Spin-Off"). The assets and liabilities of GLPI were recorded at their respective historical carrying values at the time of the Spin-Off in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 505-60 - Spinoffs and Reverse Spinoffs ("ASC 505").Operations

The Company elected on its United States ("U.S.") federal income tax return for its taxable yearfollowing are the most important factors and trends that began on January 1, 2014contribute or may contribute to be treated as a REITour operating performance:

•We have announced or closed numerous transactions in the past two years and GLPI, together with its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge) and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Perryville) as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" ("TRS") effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In connection with the Spin-Off, Penn allocated its accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) for periods prior to the consummation of the Spin-Off between Penn and GLPI. In connection with its election to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, GLPI declared a special dividend to its shareholders to distribute any accumulated earnings and profits relating to the real property assets and attributable to any pre-REIT years, including any earnings and profits allocated to GLPI in connection with the Spin-Off, to comply with certain REIT qualification requirements.

As a result of the Spin-Off, GLPI owns substantially all of Penn’s former real property assets (as of the consummation of the Spin-Off) and leases back most of those assets to Penn for use by its subsidiaries, under a unitary master lease, a triple-net operating lease with an initial term of 15 years (expiring October 31, 2028), with no purchase option, followed by 4 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Penn) on the same terms and conditions (the "Penn Master Lease"), and GLPI also owns and operates the TRS Properties through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, GLP Holdings, Inc. In April 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the real estate assets of Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc. ("Pinnacle") for approximately $4.8 billion. GLPI originally leased these assets back to Pinnacle, under a unitary triple-net lease with an initial term of 10 years (expiring April 30, 2026), with no purchase option, followed by 5 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Pinnacle) on the same terms and conditions (the "Pinnacle Master Lease"). On October 15, 2018, the Company completed its previously announced transactions with Penn, Pinnacle and Boyd Gaming Corporation ("Boyd") to accommodate Penn's acquisition of the majority of Pinnacle's operations, pursuant to a definitive agreement and plan of merger between Penn and Pinnacle, dated December 17, 2017 (the "Penn-Pinnacle Merger"). Concurrent with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Company amended the Pinnacle Master Lease to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd (the "Amended Pinnacle Master Lease") and entered into a new unitary triple-net master lease agreement with Boyd (the "Boyd Master Lease") for these properties on terms similar to the Company’s Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Boyd Master Lease has an initial term of 10 years (from the original April 2016 commencement date of the Pinnacle Master Lease and expiring April 30, 2026), with no purchase option, followed by 5 5-year renewal options (exercisable by Boyd) on the same terms and conditions. The Company also purchased the real estate assets of Plainridge Park Casino ("Plainridge Park") from Penn for $250.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes, and added this property to the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was assumed by Penn at the consummation of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger. The Company also entered into a mortgage loan agreement with Boyd in connection with Boyd's acquisition of Belterra Park Gaming & Entertainment Center ("Belterra Park"), whereby the Company loaned Boyd $57.7 million. See Note 18 for further details surrounding the original Pinnacle acquisition and the subsequent acquisition of Pinnacle by Penn.

In addition to the acquisition of Plainridge Park described above, on October 1, 2018, the Company closed its previously announced transaction to acquire certain real property assets from Tropicana Entertainment Inc. ("Tropicana") and certain of its affiliates pursuant to a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the "Real Estate Purchase Agreement") dated April 15, 2018 between Tropicana and GLP Capital L.P., the operating partnership of GLPI ("GLP Capital"), which was subsequently amended on October 1, 2018 (as amended, the "Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired the real estate assets of Tropicana Atlantic City, Tropicana Evansville, Tropicana Laughlin, Trop Casino Greenville and the Belle of Baton Rouge (the "GLP Assets") from Tropicana for an aggregate cash purchase price of $964.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes (the "Tropicana Acquisition"). Concurrent with

the Tropicana Acquisition, Eldorado Resorts, Inc. ("Eldorado") acquired the operating assets of these properties from Tropicana pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 15, 2018 by and among Tropicana, GLP Capital, Eldorado and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eldorado (the "Tropicana Merger Agreement") and leased the GLP Assets from the Company pursuant to the terms of a new unitary triple-net master lease with an initial term of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by 4 successive 5-year renewal periods (exercisable by Eldorado) on the same terms and conditions (the "Eldorado Master Lease"). Additionally, on October 1, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Eldorado in connection with Eldorado’s acquisition of Lumière Place, whereby the Company loaned Eldorado $246.0 million (together with the Tropicana Acquisition the, "Tropicana Transactions").

GLPI’s primary business consists of acquiring, financing, and owning real estate property to be leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements. As of December 31, 2019, GLPI’s portfolio consisted of interests in 44 gaming and related facilities, including the TRS Properties, the real property associated with 32 gaming and related facilities operated by Penn, the real property associated with 5 gaming and related facilities operated by Eldorado, the real property associated with 4 gaming and related facilities operated by Boyd (including one financed facility) and the real property associated with the Casino Queen in East St. Louis, Illinois.  These facilities, including our corporate headquarters building, are geographically diversified across 16 states and contain approximately 22.1 million square feet. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's properties were 100% occupied. GLPI expectsexpect to continue growing itsto grow our portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.

•The fact that several wholly-owned subsidiaries of Penn lease a substantial number of our properties and account for the majority of our revenue.

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•The risks related to economic conditions, including uncertainty related to COVID-19 and the effect of such conditions on consumer spending for leisure and gaming activities, which may negatively impact our gaming tenants and operators and the variable rent and annual rent escalators we receive from our tenants as outlined in the long-term triple-net leases with these tenants.

•The ability to refinance our significant levels of debt at attractive terms and obtain favorable funding in connection with future business opportunities.
•The fact that the rules and regulations of U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by legislators, the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws or interpretations thereof, with or without retroactive application, could materially and adversely affect GLPI's investors or GLPI.


The consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are summarized below:

Year Ended December 31,
20212020
 (in thousands)
Total revenues$1,216,351 $1,153,165 
Total operating expenses374,583 343,891 
Income from operations841,768 809,274 
Total other expenses(279,340)(299,686)
Income before income taxes562,428 509,588 
Income tax expense28,342 3,877 
Net income534,086 505,711 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership(39)— 
Net income attributable to common shareholders$534,047 $505,711 

The Company has omitted the discussion comparing its operating results for the year ended December 31, 2020 to its operating results for the year ended December 31, 2019 from its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Readers are directed to Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for these disclosures.

Certain information regarding our results of operations by segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is summarized below:
 Total RevenuesIncome from Operations
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
GLP Capital$1,102,653 $1,050,166 $781,226 $792,467 
TRS Segment113,698 102,999 60,542 16,807 
Total$1,216,351 $1,153,165 $841,768 $809,274 



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FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA
Funds From Operations ("FFO"), Adjusted Funds From Operations ("AFFO") and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company as performance measures for benchmarking against the Company’s peers and as internal measures of business operating performance, which is used as a bonus metric. These metrics are presented assuming full conversion of limited partnership units to common shares and therefore before the income statement impact of non-controlling interests. The Company believes FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of the Company’s current business. This is especially true since these measures exclude real estate depreciation and we believe that real estate values fluctuate based on market conditions rather than depreciating in value ratably on a straight-line basis over time. 

FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures that are considered supplemental measures for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding (gains) or losses from sales of property and real estate depreciation. We define AFFO as FFO excluding stock based compensation expense, the amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts, other depreciation, amortization of land rights, straight-line rent adjustments, gains or (losses) on sales of operations, net of tax, losses on debt extinguishment, and provision for credit losses, net reduced by maintenance capital expenditures. Finally, we define Adjusted EBITDA as net income excluding interest, net, income tax expense, depreciation, (gains) or losses from sales of property, gains on sales of operations, net of tax, stock based compensation expense, straight-line rent adjustments, amortization of land rights, losses on debt extinguishment, and provision for credit losses, net.
FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures: (i) do not represent cash flows from operations as defined by GAAP; (ii) should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities; and (iii) are not alternatives to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. In addition, these measures should not be viewed as an indication of our ability to fund our cash needs, including to make cash distributions to our shareholders, to fund capital improvements, or to make interest payments on our indebtedness. Investors are also cautioned that FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies, including REITs due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definitions. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP.

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The reconciliation of the Company’s net income per GAAP to FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
(in thousands)
Net income$534,086 $505,711 
Losses (gains) from dispositions of property711 (41,393)
Real estate depreciation230,941 220,069 
Funds from operations$765,738 $684,387 
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,993)4,576 
Other depreciation5,493 10,904 
Amortization of land rights15,616 12,022 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
9,929 10,503 
Stock based compensation16,831 20,004 
Gains on sale of operations, net of tax(3,560)— 
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 
Capital maintenance expenditures(2,270)(3,130)
Adjusted funds from operations$812,010 $757,379 
Interest, net282,840 281,573 
Income tax expense9,440 3,877 
Capital maintenance expenditures2,270 3,130 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(9,929)(10,503)
Adjusted EBITDA$1,096,631 $1,035,456 

(1) Such amortization is a non-cash component included in interest, net.




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The reconciliation of each segment’s net income per GAAP to FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows: 
 GLP Capital TRS Segment
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
Net income (loss)$514,883 $508,060 $19,203 $(2,349)
Losses (gains) from dispositions of property604 (41,402)107 9 
Real estate depreciation230,333 220,069 608 — 
Funds from operations$745,820 $686,727 $19,918 $(2,340)
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,873)4,576 (120)— 
Other depreciation1,881 1,972 3,612 8,932 
Gain on sale of operations, net of tax— — (3,560)— 
Amortization of land rights15,616 12,022 — — 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
9,929 10,503 — — 
Stock based compensation16,831 20,004 — — 
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 — — 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — — — 
Capital maintenance expenditures(65)(186)(2,205)(2,944)
Adjusted funds from operations$794,365 $753,731 $17,645 $3,648 
Interest, net (2)
265,439 265,597 17,401 15,976 
Income tax expense904 697 8,536 3,180 
Capital maintenance expenditures65 186 2,205 2,944 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(9,929)(10,503)— — 
Adjusted EBITDA$1,050,844 $1,009,708 $45,787 $25,748 

(1) Such amortization is a non-cash component included in interest, net.

(2)    Interest, net for the GLP Capital segment is net of an intercompany interest elimination of $17.4 million and $16.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Net income, FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for our GLP Capital segment were $514.9 million, $745.8 million, $794.4 million and $1,050.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. This compared to net income, FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA, for our GLP Capital segment of $508.1 million, $686.7 million, $753.7 million and $1,009.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in net income in our GLP Capital segment was primarily driven by a $52.5 million increase in income from real estate as explained below. In addition, we had several operating expense variances that are also discussed below.

The increase in operating expenses in our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period of $63.7 million was primarily from a gain on the disposition of property related to the Evansville swap transaction of $41.4 million in 2020, higher depreciation expense and land right amortization expense in our REIT segment of $18.5 million due to the Company's recent acquisitions, and a $8.2 million provision for credit losses, net in the current year. Partially offsetting these increases was lower general and administrative expenses of $5.0 million due primarily from severance and stock based compensation acceleration charges for the departure of our former chief financial officer in 2020.

The decrease in other expenses, net, for the year ended December 31, 2021 was due to $18.1 million of debt extinguishment charges in the prior year.

The increase in FFO for our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 is due to the items described above, excluding gains (losses) from the disposition of property and real estate depreciation. The increase in AFFO is due to the items described above, less the adjustments mentioned in the table above, primarily straight line rent adjustments,
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amortization expenses, stock based compensation costs, provision for credit losses, net and losses on debt extinguishment. Adjusted EBITDA for our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the prior year, also increased driven by the explanations above, as well as adjustments mentioned in the table above, primarily related to interest expense.

The net income of $19.2 million for our TRS Segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to a net loss of $2.3 million for the prior year is primarily related to strong reopening results in the current year at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville which in the prior year were closed temporarily from mid-March 2020 to May 2020 and June 2020, respectively, due to COVID-19. Additionally, the Company recorded a net after tax gain of $3.6 million on the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge in 2021.

Revenues
Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Rental income$1,106,658 $1,031,036 $75,622 7.3 %
Interest income from real estate loans— 19,130 (19,130)(100.0)%
Total income from real estate1,106,658 1,050,166 56,492 5.4 %
Gaming, food, beverage and other109,693 102,999 6,694 6.5 %
Total revenues$1,216,351 $1,153,165 $63,186 5.5 %
Total income from real estate

Total income from real estate increased $56.5 million, or 5.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Results for the current year benefited from the additions on the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease and the Casino Queen Master Lease which in the aggregate increased cash rental income by $29.5 million. Additionally, the Company benefited from full escalations being incurred on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Belterra Lease effective May 1, 2021 and the Penn Master Lease that became effective November 1, 2021. The aggregate impact of these escalations increased building base rent by $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company had higher percentage rent on the Penn Master Lease in the current year of $15.2 million, due to the impact of the COVID-19 closures in 2020 and strong performance in the current year by Penn's Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo properties. Finally, the Company also had favorable straight line rent adjustments of $8.6 million and higher ground rent revenue gross ups of $3.7 million due to the impact of the temporary COVID-19 closures that occurred in 2020.

Partially offsetting these favorable variances were lower percentage rents of $3.7 million from the 2020 resets on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Meadows Lease which was driven primarily from the COVID-19 closures. Additionally, we had lower cash rental income of $1.8 million on the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease that became effective in July 2020 which lowered rent initially but removed variable rents going forward and provided for fixed escalation increases as previously described.

The reason for the decline in interest income from real estate loans was due to the CZR loan and Belterra Park Loan both being satisfied in 2020 as the Company acquired the real estate subject to the Lumière Place Lease and the Belterra Park Lease. See Note 8 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.


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Details of the Company's income from real estate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2021Building base rentLand base rentPercentage rentTotal cash rental incomeStraight-line rent adjustmentsGround rent in revenue (1)Other rental revenueTotal rental income
Penn Master Lease$280,338 $93,969 $97,814 $472,121 $8,926 $3,013 $12 $484,072 
Amended Pinnacle Master Lease230,230 71,256 26,779 328,265 (19,346)7,430 — 316,349 
Penn - Meadows Lease15,811 — 9,046 24,857 2,288 — 195 27,340 
Penn Morgantown— 3,000 — 3,000 — — — 3,000 
Penn Perryville2,914 971 — 3,885 120 — — 4,005 
Caesars Master Lease62,514 23,729 — 86,243 10,358 1,586 — 98,187 
Lumiere Place Lease22,875 — — 22,875 544 — — 23,419 
BYD Master Lease76,652 11,785 9,845 98,282 2,296 1,726 — 102,304 
BYD Belterra Lease2,709 1,894 1,817 6,420 (1,211)— — 5,209 
Bally's Master Lease23,111 — — 23,111 — 4,832 — 27,943 
Casino Queen Master Lease9,388 — 5,424 14,812 18 — — 14,830 
Total$726,542 $206,604 $150,725 $1,083,871 $3,993 $18,587 $207 $1,106,658 

(1)In accordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the ground lease rent paid by its tenants with an     offsetting expense in land rights and ground lease expense within the consolidated statement of income as the Company has concluded that as the lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company subleases these ground leases back to its tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord. 

Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue

Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue for our TRS Properties increased by $6.7 million, or 6.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The reason for the increase was due to the properties being closed in mid-March 2020 due to COVID-19. Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge reopened to the public on May 18, 2020 and Hollywood Casino Perryville reopened on June 19, 2020 with various restrictions to limit capacity in accordance with regulatory requirements. Results since reopening have exceeded the corresponding periods in the prior years as spend per visit has increased due to various factors such as pent up demand and government stimulus efforts, partially offset by the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021.

Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Gaming, food, beverage and other$53,039 $56,698 $(3,659)(6.5)%
Land rights and ground lease expense37,390 29,041 8,349 28.7 %
General and administrative61,245 68,572 (7,327)(10.7)%
(Gains) losses from disposition of properties(21,751)(41,393)19,642 (47.5)%
Depreciation236,434 230,973 5,461 2.4 %
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 8,226 —
Total operating expenses$374,583 $343,891 $30,692 8.9 %
Gaming, food, beverage and other expense
Gaming, food, beverage and other expense for our TRS Properties decreased by approximately $3.7 million, or 6.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. As previously discussed, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021. Additionally, the TRS Properties were closed for part of 2020 due to COVID-19.

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Land rights and ground lease expense

Land rights and ground lease expense includes the amortization of land rights and rent expense related to the Company's long-term ground leases. Land rights and ground lease expense increased by $8.3 million, or 28.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily from higher ground lease rents paid by our tenants in 2021 of $4.7 million that are primarily based on the facilities' revenues which increased due to the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 that resulted in temporary casino closures. We sublease these ground leases back to our tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the applicable landlord. These amounts are required to be recorded in both revenue and expense within the consolidated statements of income as we have concluded that as the lessee the Company is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company also had higher land right amortization expense of $3.6 million due to the June 3, 2021 acquisition of Tropicana Evansville.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expenses include items such as compensation costs (including stock-based compensation awards), professional services and costs associated with development activities. General and administrative expenses decreased by $7.3 million, or 10.7%, for the accountsyear ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. This is primarily attributable to the negative impact from severance and stock acceleration charges of $6.3 million, related to the departure of our former chief financial officer as well as lower costs at our TRS Properties of $2.3 million primarily due to the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville effective July 1, 2021, partially offset by higher bonus accruals in the current year.

Gains and losses from dispositions of property

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge which resulted in a combined pre-tax gain of $22.4 million. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. In connection with the Exchange Agreement with Caesars, whereby the Company acquired Waterloo and Bettendorf to replace Tropicana Evansville under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment of $5.7 million.

Depreciation expense

Depreciation expense increased by $5.5 million, or 2.4%, to $236.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to the Company's acquisitions over the past year.

Provision for credit losses,net

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a $12.2 million provision for credit losses on the Maryland Live! Lease which represented the Company's best estimate of losses over the life of the lease under ASC 326 "Credit Losses". See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Allowance for Credit Losses, for further discussion. Additionally, the Company recorded a $4 million recovery during the year ended December 31, 2021 for a payment received from Casino Queen in full satisfaction of a loan that was previously fully impaired.

Other income (expenses)
Other income (expenses) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Interest expense$(283,037)$(282,142)$(895)0.3 %
Interest income197 569 (372)(65.4)%
Insurance gain3,500 — 3,500 N/M
Losses on debt extinguishment— (18,113)18,113 (100.0)%
Total other expenses$(279,340)$(299,686)$20,346 (6.8)%

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Insurance gain

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized insurance gains of $3.5 million due to an insurance claim related to the temporary closures of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge in 2020 related to COVID-19.

Losses on debt extinguishment

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's outstanding 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in November 2020 and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, resulting in the retirement of such senior notes. The Company recorded losses on the early extinguishment of debt related to the current year retirements of $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

Taxes

Our income tax expense increased $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we had income tax expense of approximately $28.3 million, compared to income tax expense of $3.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. Our income tax expense is primarily driven from the operations of the TRS Segment, which are taxed at the corporate rate. Our effective tax rate (income taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 5.0% and 0.8% for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The current year sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, as well as deferred tax write off related to the sale of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge resulted in a $18.9 million increase to income tax expense in 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flow from operations, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $803.8 million and $428.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities of $375.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year was primarily due to an increase in cash receipts from tenants and customers of $388.2 million, a decrease in cash paid to employees of $9.6 million and a decrease in cash paid for operating expenses of $2.5 million, partially offset by an increase in cash paid for taxes of $14.1 million and an increase in interest payments of $12.4 million. The increase in cash receipts collected from our tenants and customers was primarily due to $337.5 million in non-cash rent recognized in connection with the Tropicana Las Vegas and Morgantown transactions in 2020, higher rental income from the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease, and the Casino Queen Master Lease, and higher percentage rent on the Penn Master Lease due to strong results at Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo (which were closed for part of 2020 due to COVID-19), along with the strong reopenings of our TRS Properties, which were forced to close in mid-March 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. These properties reopened in May 2020 and June 2020 as previously discussed. The reduction in cash paid to employees was primarily due to lower bonus payouts in 2021 related to 2020 performance that was negatively impacted by COVID-19 as well as the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and the sale of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021. The increase in taxes paid was due to the sale of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and strong results at the TRS Properties prior to the sales. The increase in interest payments is due primarily from the $700 million 4.000% senior unsecured note offering that was completed in June and August of 2020.

Investing activities used net cash of $1,030.8 million and $9.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 consisted of $487.5 million for the acquisition of real estate assets in the Bally's acquisitions and $592.2 million for the acquisition of the real estate assets of Maryland Live! which was accounted for as an investment in lease, financing receivable. The Company also incurred capital expenditures of $16.2 million, partially offset by the net proceeds received for the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn of $30.8 million, proceeds from the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen of $28.2 million, a loan loss recovery of $4.0 million, and proceeds from the sale of property of $2.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily consisted of capital expenditures of $3.1 million and $5.9 million for the acquisition of real estate assets primarily related to the Evansville swap transaction.

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Financing activities provided net cash of $443.1 million and $63.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was driven by $795.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and $662.3 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock, partially offset by the repayment of long term debt of $363.4 million relating to the Maryland Live! transaction, dividend payments of $633.9 million and taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings of $9.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company raised $2,076.4 million of proceeds from the issuance of long term debt and $320.9 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock. This was partially offset by repayments of long-term debt of $2,076.6 million, dividend payments of $230.5 million and taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings of $15.3 million.

Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures are accounted for as either capital project or capital maintenance (replacement) expenditures. Capital project expenditures are for fixed asset additions that expand an existing facility or create a new facility. The cost of properties developed by the Company include costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. Capital maintenance expenditures are expenditures to replace existing fixed assets with a useful life greater than one year that are obsolete, worn out or no longer cost effective to repair.

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 we spent approximately $2.3 million and $3.1 million respectively, for capital maintenance expenditures. The majority of the capital maintenance expenditures were for slot machines and slot machine equipment at our TRS Properties. Our tenants are responsible for capital maintenance expenditures at our leased properties. However, during 2021, $5.2 million was incurred on capital project expenditures related to a landside development project at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and $8.7 million was incurred on capital project expenditures related to an expansion at Casino Queen.

Debt

Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

Prior to June 25, 2020, the Company's senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), consisted of a $1,175 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with a maturity date of May 21, 2023, and a $449 million Term Loan A-1 facility with a maturity date of April 28, 2021.

The Company fully drew down on its Revolver in the first quarter of 2020 to increase its liquidity position and repay certain senior unsecured notes as described below. On June 25, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility (as amended, the "Amended Credit Facility") which extended the maturity date of approximately $224 million of outstanding Term Loan A-1 facility borrowings to May 21, 2023, which term loans are now classified as a new tranche of term loans (Term Loans A-2). Additionally, the Company borrowed incremental Term Loans A-2 totaling $200 million. Furthermore, on June 25, 2020, the Company also closed on an offering of $500 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 priced at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the proceeds from these two financings along with cash on hand to repay all outstanding obligations under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company borrowed an additional $200 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the net proceeds from this additional borrowing to repay indebtedness under the Term Loan A-1 facility.

At December 31, 2021, the Amended Credit Facility had a gross outstanding balance of $424.0 million, consisting of the $424.0 million Term Loan A-2 facility. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolver. Additionally, at December 31, 2021, the Company was contingently obligated under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facility with face amounts aggregating approximately $0.4 million, resulting in $1,174.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the Revolver.

The interest rates payable on the loans are, at the Company's option, equal to either a LIBOR rate or a base rate plus an applicable margin, which ranges from 1.0% to 2.0% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.0% to 1.0% per annum for base rate loans, in each case, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2021, the applicable margin was 1.50% for LIBOR loans and 0.50% for base rate loans. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments under the Revolver at a rate that ranges from 0.15% to 0.35% per annum, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2021, the commitment fee rate was 0.25%. The Company is not required to repay any loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity and may
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prepay all or any portion of the loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of any LIBOR breakage costs of the lenders. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, GLP Capital, is the primary obligor under the Amended Credit Facility, which is guaranteed by GLPI.

The Amended Credit Facility contains customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of GLPI and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accountssubsidiaries to grant liens on their assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations or pay certain dividends and transactionsother restricted payments. The Amended Credit Facility contains the following financial covenants, which are measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis: a maximum total debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum senior secured debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum ratio of certain recourse debt to unencumbered asset value and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, GLPI is required to maintain a minimum tangible net worth and its status as a REIT. GLPI is permitted to pay dividends to its shareholders as may be required in order to maintain REIT status, subject to the absence of payment or bankruptcy defaults. GLPI is also permitted to make other dividends and distributions subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants and the absence of defaults. The Amended Credit Facility also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control and termination of the Penn Master Lease (subject to certain replacement rights). The occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Amended Credit Facility will enable the lenders under the Amended Credit Facility to accelerate the loans and terminate the commitments thereunder. At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under the Amended Credit Facility.

Senior Unsecured Notes

At December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding balance of $6,175.0 million of senior unsecured notes (the "Senior Notes").

On December 13, 2021, the Company issued $800 million of 3.25% senior unsecured notes due January 2032 at an issue price equal to 99.376% of the principal amount. The proceeds are being used to partially finance the Company's acquisition of certain real estate assets in the Cordish transaction as described in Note 7.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in November 2020 and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the redemption of $17.3 million, primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

On June 25, 2020, the Company issued $500 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount to repay indebtedness under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company issued an additional $200 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount to repay Term Loan A-1 indebtedness, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $0.8 million, related to debt issuance write-offs. These bond offerings have been eliminatedextended the maturities of our long-term debt.

On August 29, 2019, the Company issued $400 million of 3.35% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on September 1, 2024 at an issue price equal to 99.899% of the principal amount (the "2024 Notes") and $700 million of 4.00% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on January 15, 2030 at an issue price equal to 99.751% of the principal amount (the "2030 Notes"). Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2020. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2020. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Notes and 2030 Notes were used to (i) finance the Company's cash tender offer to purchase its 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (described below), (ii) repay outstanding borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility and (iii) repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Company's Term Loan A-1 facility.

On September 12, 2019, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2019 Tender Offer") to purchase its $1,000 million aggregate principal amount 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"). The Company received early tenders from the holders of approximately $782.6 million in consolidation.aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes, or approximately 78% of its outstanding 2020 Notes, in connection with the 2019 Tender Offer at a price of 102.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date. Subsequent to the early tender deadline, an additional $2.2 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes was tendered at a price of 99.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date, for a total redemption of $784.8 million of the 2020 Notes. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer, of approximately $21.0 million, for the difference between the reacquisition price of the tendered 2020 Notes and their net carrying value.

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The preparationCompany may redeem the Senior Notes of any series at any time, and from time to time, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a "make-whole" redemption premium described in the indenture governing the Senior Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, except that if Senior Notes of a series are redeemed 90 or fewer days prior to their maturity, the redemption price will be 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. If GLPI experiences a change of control accompanied by a decline in the credit rating of the Senior Notes of a particular series, the Company will be required to give holders of the Senior Notes of such series the opportunity to sell their Senior Notes of such series at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes of such series, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. The Senior Notes also are subject to mandatory redemption requirements imposed by gaming laws and regulations.  
The Senior Notes were issued by GLP Capital and GLP Financing II, Inc. (the "Issuers"), two wholly-owned subsidiaries of GLPI both of which are consolidated by GLPI, and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by GLPI which such guarantees are full and unconditional. The Senior Notes are the Issuers' senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of the Issuers' senior indebtedness, including the Amended Credit Facility, and senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers' subordinated indebtedness, without giving effect to collateral arrangements. GLPI is not subject to any material or significant restrictions on its ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries through dividends or loans or to transfer assets from such subsidiaries, except as provided by applicable law and the covenants listed below. None of GLPI's other subsidiaries guarantee the Senior Notes.
The Senior Notes contain covenants limiting the Company’s ability to: incur additional debt and use its assets to secure debt; merge or consolidate with another company; and make certain amendments to the Penn Master Lease. The Senior Notes also require the Company to maintain a specified ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. These covenants are subject to a number of important and significant limitations, qualifications and exceptions.

GLPI owns all of the assets of GLP Capital and conducts all of its operations through the operating partnership. Based on the amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X that the SEC released on January 4, 2021, we note that since GLPI fully and unconditionally guarantees the debt securities of the Issuers and consolidates both Issuers, we are not required to provide separate financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimatesfor the Issuers and assumptions that affectGLPI since they are consolidated into GLPI and the reported amounts ofGLPI guarantee is “full and unconditional.”

Furthermore, as permitted under Rule 13-01(a)(4)(vi), we excluded the summarized financial information for the Issuers because the assets, and liabilities and disclosureresults of contingent assetsoperations of the Issuers and liabilities atGLPI are not materially different than the date of thecorresponding amounts in GLPI’s consolidated financial statements and we believe such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.
At December 31, 2021, the reportedCompany was in compliance with all required financial covenants under its Senior Notes.

Distribution Requirements

We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, in order to qualify to be taxed as a REIT (assuming that certain other requirements are also satisfied) so that U.S. federal corporate income tax does not apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.

LIBOR Transition

The majority of our debt is at fixed rates and our exposure to variable interest rates is currently limited to our Revolver and our Term Loan A-2. Both of these debt instruments are indexed to LIBOR which is expected to be phased out through mid-2023. The discontinuance of LIBOR would affect our interest expense and earnings. The borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility will be subject to the expected LIBOR transition. LIBOR is currently expected to transition to a new standard rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). We are currently monitoring the transition and cannot be certain whether SOFR will become the standard rate for our variable rate debt.

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Outlook

Based on our current level of operations and anticipated earnings, we believe that cash generated from operations and cash on hand, together with amounts available under our Amended Credit Facility, will be adequate to meet our anticipated debt service requirements, pending acquisition costs for our Pennsylvania transactions with Cordish that will total approximately $698 million, inclusive of revenueestimated real estate transfer taxes and expensesfees (of which $575 million will require cash with the remainder funded in additional operating units) and the $150 million purchase price for the reporting periods. Actualreal estate of Bally's Black Hawk and Rock Island properties, capital expenditures, working capital needs and dividend requirements. Additionally, we anticipate the sale of the non-land real estate assets at Tropicana Las Vegas to Bally's will result in $150.0 million of proceeds.

In addition, we expect the majority of our future growth to come from acquisitions of gaming and other properties to lease to third parties. If we consummate significant acquisitions in the future, our cash requirements may increase significantly and we would likely need to raise additional proceeds through a combination of either common equity (including under our ATM Program), issuance of additional operating partnership units, and/or debt offerings. In addition, although we have no significant debt maturities in 2022, the Company intends to refinance its Amended Credit Facility and certain senior unsecured note obligations in advance of their maturity dates in 2023. Our future operating performance and our ability to service or refinance our debt will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Capital Structure" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the risk related to our capital structure.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We face market risk exposure in the form of interest rate risk. These market risks arise from our debt obligations. We have no international operations. Our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is not significant to our financial condition or results of operations.
GLPI’s primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to its indebtedness of $6,599.7 million at December 31, 2021. Furthermore, $6,175.0 million of our obligations are the senior unsecured notes that have fixed interest rates with maturity dates ranging from approximately two years to ten years. An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by GLPI more costly, as well as increase the costs of its variable rate debt obligations. Rising interest rates could also limit GLPI’s ability to refinance its debt when it matures or cause GLPI to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. GLPI may differ from those estimates. manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to its borrowings by means of interest rate swap agreements. GLPI also expects to manage its exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rates for its indebtedness. However, the provisions of the Code applicable to REITs substantially limit GLPI’s ability to hedge its assets and liabilities.

The table below provides information at December 31, 2021 about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations, the table presents notional amounts maturing in each fiscal year and the related weighted-average interest rates by maturity dates. Notional amounts are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged by maturity date and the weighted-average interest rates for our variable rate debt are based on implied forward LIBOR rates at December 31, 2021.
 1/01/22- 12/31/221/01/23- 12/31/231/01/24- 12/31/241/01/25- 12/31/251/01/26 12/31/26ThereafterTotalFair Value at 12/31/2021
 (in thousands)
Long-term debt:        
Fixed rate$— $500,000 $400,000 $850,000 $975,000 $3,450,000 $6,175,000 $6,645,574 
Average interest rate5.38 %3.35 %5.25 %5.38 %4.36 %  
Variable rate$— $424,019 $— $— $— $— $424,019 $424,019 
Average interest rate (1) 
2.90 %   
2.
(1)   SummaryEstimated rate, reflective of Significant Accounting Policiesforward LIBOR plus the spread over LIBOR applicable to variable-rate borrowing. For considerations surrounding the phase out of LIBOR refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments primarily represent land and buildings leased to the Company's tenants. Real estate investments that we received in connection with the Spin-Off were contributed to us at Penn's historical carrying amount. We record the acquisition of real estate at fair value, including acquisition and closing costs. The cost of properties developed by GLPI includes costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. We consider the period of future benefit of the asset to determine the appropriate useful lives. Depreciation is computed using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the buildings and building improvements. If we used a shorter or longer estimated useful life, it could have a material impact on our results of operations.
We continually monitor events and circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of our real estate investments may not be recoverable or realized. The factors considered by the Company in performing these assessments include evaluating whether the tenant is current on their lease payments, the tenant’s rent coverage ratio, the financial stability of the tenant and its parent company, and any other relevant factors. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, we determine whether the estimated undiscounted cash flows from the underlying lease exceeds the real estate investments' carrying value. If we determine the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the asset's carrying value then we would recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value, calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). We group our real estate investments together by lease, the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available, in evaluating impairment. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value, the Company must make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. The factors considered by the Company in performing this assessment include current operating results, market and other applicable trends and residual values, as well as the effect of obsolescence, demand, competition and other factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss.

Results of Operations
The following are the most important factors and trends that contribute or may contribute to our operating performance:

•We have announced or closed numerous transactions in the past two years and expect to continue to grow our portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.

•The fact that several wholly-owned subsidiaries of Penn lease a substantial number of our properties and account for the majority of our revenue.

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•The risks related to economic conditions, including uncertainty related to COVID-19 and the effect of such conditions on consumer spending for leisure and gaming activities, which may negatively impact our gaming tenants and operators and the variable rent and annual rent escalators we receive from our tenants as outlined in the long-term triple-net leases with these tenants.

•The ability to refinance our significant levels of debt at attractive terms and obtain favorable funding in connection with future business opportunities.
•The fact that the rules and regulations of U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by legislators, the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws or interpretations thereof, with or without retroactive application, could materially and adversely affect GLPI's investors or GLPI.


The consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are summarized below:

Year Ended December 31,
20212020
 (in thousands)
Total revenues$1,216,351 $1,153,165 
Total operating expenses374,583 343,891 
Income from operations841,768 809,274 
Total other expenses(279,340)(299,686)
Income before income taxes562,428 509,588 
Income tax expense28,342 3,877 
Net income534,086 505,711 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership(39)— 
Net income attributable to common shareholders$534,047 $505,711 

The Company has omitted the discussion comparing its operating results for the year ended December 31, 2020 to its operating results for the year ended December 31, 2019 from its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Readers are directed to Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for these disclosures.

Certain information regarding our results of operations by segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is summarized below:
 Total RevenuesIncome from Operations
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
GLP Capital$1,102,653 $1,050,166 $781,226 $792,467 
TRS Segment113,698 102,999 60,542 16,807 
Total$1,216,351 $1,153,165 $841,768 $809,274 



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FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA
Funds From Operations ("FFO"), Adjusted Funds From Operations ("AFFO") and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company as performance measures for benchmarking against the Company’s peers and as internal measures of business operating performance, which is used as a bonus metric. These metrics are presented assuming full conversion of limited partnership units to common shares and therefore before the income statement impact of non-controlling interests. The Company believes FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of the Company’s current business. This is especially true since these measures exclude real estate depreciation and we believe that real estate values fluctuate based on market conditions rather than depreciating in value ratably on a straight-line basis over time. 

FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures that are considered supplemental measures for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding (gains) or losses from sales of property and real estate depreciation. We define AFFO as FFO excluding stock based compensation expense, the amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts, other depreciation, amortization of land rights, straight-line rent adjustments, gains or (losses) on sales of operations, net of tax, losses on debt extinguishment, and provision for credit losses, net reduced by maintenance capital expenditures. Finally, we define Adjusted EBITDA as net income excluding interest, net, income tax expense, depreciation, (gains) or losses from sales of property, gains on sales of operations, net of tax, stock based compensation expense, straight-line rent adjustments, amortization of land rights, losses on debt extinguishment, and provision for credit losses, net.
FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures: (i) do not represent cash flows from operations as defined by GAAP; (ii) should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities; and (iii) are not alternatives to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. In addition, these measures should not be viewed as an indication of our ability to fund our cash needs, including to make cash distributions to our shareholders, to fund capital improvements, or to make interest payments on our indebtedness. Investors are also cautioned that FFO, AFFO and Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies, including REITs due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definitions. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP.

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The reconciliation of the Company’s net income per GAAP to FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
(in thousands)
Net income$534,086 $505,711 
Losses (gains) from dispositions of property711 (41,393)
Real estate depreciation230,941 220,069 
Funds from operations$765,738 $684,387 
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,993)4,576 
Other depreciation5,493 10,904 
Amortization of land rights15,616 12,022 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
9,929 10,503 
Stock based compensation16,831 20,004 
Gains on sale of operations, net of tax(3,560)— 
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 
Capital maintenance expenditures(2,270)(3,130)
Adjusted funds from operations$812,010 $757,379 
Interest, net282,840 281,573 
Income tax expense9,440 3,877 
Capital maintenance expenditures2,270 3,130 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(9,929)(10,503)
Adjusted EBITDA$1,096,631 $1,035,456 

(1) Such amortization is a non-cash component included in interest, net.




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The reconciliation of each segment’s net income per GAAP to FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows: 
 GLP Capital TRS Segment
Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
Net income (loss)$514,883 $508,060 $19,203 $(2,349)
Losses (gains) from dispositions of property604 (41,402)107 9 
Real estate depreciation230,333 220,069 608 — 
Funds from operations$745,820 $686,727 $19,918 $(2,340)
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,873)4,576 (120)— 
Other depreciation1,881 1,972 3,612 8,932 
Gain on sale of operations, net of tax— — (3,560)— 
Amortization of land rights15,616 12,022 — — 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
9,929 10,503 — — 
Stock based compensation16,831 20,004 — — 
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 — — 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — — — 
Capital maintenance expenditures(65)(186)(2,205)(2,944)
Adjusted funds from operations$794,365 $753,731 $17,645 $3,648 
Interest, net (2)
265,439 265,597 17,401 15,976 
Income tax expense904 697 8,536 3,180 
Capital maintenance expenditures65 186 2,205 2,944 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts (1)
(9,929)(10,503)— — 
Adjusted EBITDA$1,050,844 $1,009,708 $45,787 $25,748 

(1) Such amortization is a non-cash component included in interest, net.

(2)    Interest, net for the GLP Capital segment is net of an intercompany interest elimination of $17.4 million and $16.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Net income, FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA for our GLP Capital segment were $514.9 million, $745.8 million, $794.4 million and $1,050.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. This compared to net income, FFO, AFFO, and Adjusted EBITDA, for our GLP Capital segment of $508.1 million, $686.7 million, $753.7 million and $1,009.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in net income in our GLP Capital segment was primarily driven by a $52.5 million increase in income from real estate as explained below. In addition, we had several operating expense variances that are also discussed below.

The increase in operating expenses in our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period of $63.7 million was primarily from a gain on the disposition of property related to the Evansville swap transaction of $41.4 million in 2020, higher depreciation expense and land right amortization expense in our REIT segment of $18.5 million due to the Company's recent acquisitions, and a $8.2 million provision for credit losses, net in the current year. Partially offsetting these increases was lower general and administrative expenses of $5.0 million due primarily from severance and stock based compensation acceleration charges for the departure of our former chief financial officer in 2020.

The decrease in other expenses, net, for the year ended December 31, 2021 was due to $18.1 million of debt extinguishment charges in the prior year.

The increase in FFO for our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 is due to the items described above, excluding gains (losses) from the disposition of property and real estate depreciation. The increase in AFFO is due to the items described above, less the adjustments mentioned in the table above, primarily straight line rent adjustments,
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amortization expenses, stock based compensation costs, provision for credit losses, net and losses on debt extinguishment. Adjusted EBITDA for our GLP Capital segment for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the prior year, also increased driven by the explanations above, as well as adjustments mentioned in the table above, primarily related to interest expense.

The net income of $19.2 million for our TRS Segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to a net loss of $2.3 million for the prior year is primarily related to strong reopening results in the current year at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville which in the prior year were closed temporarily from mid-March 2020 to May 2020 and June 2020, respectively, due to COVID-19. Additionally, the Company recorded a net after tax gain of $3.6 million on the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge in 2021.

Revenues
Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Rental income$1,106,658 $1,031,036 $75,622 7.3 %
Interest income from real estate loans— 19,130 (19,130)(100.0)%
Total income from real estate1,106,658 1,050,166 56,492 5.4 %
Gaming, food, beverage and other109,693 102,999 6,694 6.5 %
Total revenues$1,216,351 $1,153,165 $63,186 5.5 %
Total income from real estate

Total income from real estate increased $56.5 million, or 5.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Results for the current year benefited from the additions on the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease and the Casino Queen Master Lease which in the aggregate increased cash rental income by $29.5 million. Additionally, the Company benefited from full escalations being incurred on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Belterra Lease effective May 1, 2021 and the Penn Master Lease that became effective November 1, 2021. The aggregate impact of these escalations increased building base rent by $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company had higher percentage rent on the Penn Master Lease in the current year of $15.2 million, due to the impact of the COVID-19 closures in 2020 and strong performance in the current year by Penn's Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo properties. Finally, the Company also had favorable straight line rent adjustments of $8.6 million and higher ground rent revenue gross ups of $3.7 million due to the impact of the temporary COVID-19 closures that occurred in 2020.

Partially offsetting these favorable variances were lower percentage rents of $3.7 million from the 2020 resets on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Meadows Lease which was driven primarily from the COVID-19 closures. Additionally, we had lower cash rental income of $1.8 million on the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease that became effective in July 2020 which lowered rent initially but removed variable rents going forward and provided for fixed escalation increases as previously described.

The reason for the decline in interest income from real estate loans was due to the CZR loan and Belterra Park Loan both being satisfied in 2020 as the Company acquired the real estate subject to the Lumière Place Lease and the Belterra Park Lease. See Note 8 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.


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Details of the Company's income from real estate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2021Building base rentLand base rentPercentage rentTotal cash rental incomeStraight-line rent adjustmentsGround rent in revenue (1)Other rental revenueTotal rental income
Penn Master Lease$280,338 $93,969 $97,814 $472,121 $8,926 $3,013 $12 $484,072 
Amended Pinnacle Master Lease230,230 71,256 26,779 328,265 (19,346)7,430 — 316,349 
Penn - Meadows Lease15,811 — 9,046 24,857 2,288 — 195 27,340 
Penn Morgantown— 3,000 — 3,000 — — — 3,000 
Penn Perryville2,914 971 — 3,885 120 — — 4,005 
Caesars Master Lease62,514 23,729 — 86,243 10,358 1,586 — 98,187 
Lumiere Place Lease22,875 — — 22,875 544 — — 23,419 
BYD Master Lease76,652 11,785 9,845 98,282 2,296 1,726 — 102,304 
BYD Belterra Lease2,709 1,894 1,817 6,420 (1,211)— — 5,209 
Bally's Master Lease23,111 — — 23,111 — 4,832 — 27,943 
Casino Queen Master Lease9,388 — 5,424 14,812 18 — — 14,830 
Total$726,542 $206,604 $150,725 $1,083,871 $3,993 $18,587 $207 $1,106,658 

(1)In accordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the ground lease rent paid by its tenants with an     offsetting expense in land rights and ground lease expense within the consolidated statement of income as the Company has concluded that as the lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company subleases these ground leases back to its tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord. 

Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue

Gaming, food, beverage and other revenue for our TRS Properties increased by $6.7 million, or 6.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The reason for the increase was due to the properties being closed in mid-March 2020 due to COVID-19. Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge reopened to the public on May 18, 2020 and Hollywood Casino Perryville reopened on June 19, 2020 with various restrictions to limit capacity in accordance with regulatory requirements. Results since reopening have exceeded the corresponding periods in the prior years as spend per visit has increased due to various factors such as pent up demand and government stimulus efforts, partially offset by the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021.

Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Gaming, food, beverage and other$53,039 $56,698 $(3,659)(6.5)%
Land rights and ground lease expense37,390 29,041 8,349 28.7 %
General and administrative61,245 68,572 (7,327)(10.7)%
(Gains) losses from disposition of properties(21,751)(41,393)19,642 (47.5)%
Depreciation236,434 230,973 5,461 2.4 %
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 8,226 —
Total operating expenses$374,583 $343,891 $30,692 8.9 %
Gaming, food, beverage and other expense
Gaming, food, beverage and other expense for our TRS Properties decreased by approximately $3.7 million, or 6.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. As previously discussed, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021. Additionally, the TRS Properties were closed for part of 2020 due to COVID-19.

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Land rights and ground lease expense

Land rights and ground lease expense includes the amortization of land rights and rent expense related to the Company's long-term ground leases. Land rights and ground lease expense increased by $8.3 million, or 28.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily from higher ground lease rents paid by our tenants in 2021 of $4.7 million that are primarily based on the facilities' revenues which increased due to the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 that resulted in temporary casino closures. We sublease these ground leases back to our tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the applicable landlord. These amounts are required to be recorded in both revenue and expense within the consolidated statements of income as we have concluded that as the lessee the Company is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company also had higher land right amortization expense of $3.6 million due to the June 3, 2021 acquisition of Tropicana Evansville.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expenses include items such as compensation costs (including stock-based compensation awards), professional services and costs associated with development activities. General and administrative expenses decreased by $7.3 million, or 10.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. This is primarily attributable to the negative impact from severance and stock acceleration charges of $6.3 million, related to the departure of our former chief financial officer as well as lower costs at our TRS Properties of $2.3 million primarily due to the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville effective July 1, 2021, partially offset by higher bonus accruals in the current year.

Gains and losses from dispositions of property

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge which resulted in a combined pre-tax gain of $22.4 million. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. In connection with the Exchange Agreement with Caesars, whereby the Company acquired Waterloo and Bettendorf to replace Tropicana Evansville under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment of $5.7 million.

Depreciation expense

Depreciation expense increased by $5.5 million, or 2.4%, to $236.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to the Company's acquisitions over the past year.

Provision for credit losses,net

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a $12.2 million provision for credit losses on the Maryland Live! Lease which represented the Company's best estimate of losses over the life of the lease under ASC 326 "Credit Losses". See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Allowance for Credit Losses, for further discussion. Additionally, the Company recorded a $4 million recovery during the year ended December 31, 2021 for a payment received from Casino Queen in full satisfaction of a loan that was previously fully impaired.

Other income (expenses)
Other income (expenses) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Year Ended December 31, Percentage
20212020VarianceVariance
Interest expense$(283,037)$(282,142)$(895)0.3 %
Interest income197 569 (372)(65.4)%
Insurance gain3,500 — 3,500 N/M
Losses on debt extinguishment— (18,113)18,113 (100.0)%
Total other expenses$(279,340)$(299,686)$20,346 (6.8)%

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Insurance gain

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized insurance gains of $3.5 million due to an insurance claim related to the temporary closures of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge in 2020 related to COVID-19.

Losses on debt extinguishment

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's outstanding 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in November 2020 and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, resulting in the retirement of such senior notes. The Company recorded losses on the early extinguishment of debt related to the current year retirements of $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

Taxes

Our income tax expense increased $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we had income tax expense of approximately $28.3 million, compared to income tax expense of $3.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. Our income tax expense is primarily driven from the operations of the TRS Segment, which are taxed at the corporate rate. Our effective tax rate (income taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 5.0% and 0.8% for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The current year sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, as well as deferred tax write off related to the sale of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge resulted in a $18.9 million increase to income tax expense in 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flow from operations, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $803.8 million and $428.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities of $375.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year was primarily due to an increase in cash receipts from tenants and customers of $388.2 million, a decrease in cash paid to employees of $9.6 million and a decrease in cash paid for operating expenses of $2.5 million, partially offset by an increase in cash paid for taxes of $14.1 million and an increase in interest payments of $12.4 million. The increase in cash receipts collected from our tenants and customers was primarily due to $337.5 million in non-cash rent recognized in connection with the Tropicana Las Vegas and Morgantown transactions in 2020, higher rental income from the Bally's Master Lease, the Perryville Lease, the Morgantown Lease, and the Casino Queen Master Lease, and higher percentage rent on the Penn Master Lease due to strong results at Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo (which were closed for part of 2020 due to COVID-19), along with the strong reopenings of our TRS Properties, which were forced to close in mid-March 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. These properties reopened in May 2020 and June 2020 as previously discussed. The reduction in cash paid to employees was primarily due to lower bonus payouts in 2021 related to 2020 performance that was negatively impacted by COVID-19 as well as the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville on July 1, 2021 and the sale of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge on December 17, 2021. The increase in taxes paid was due to the sale of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and strong results at the TRS Properties prior to the sales. The increase in interest payments is due primarily from the $700 million 4.000% senior unsecured note offering that was completed in June and August of 2020.

Investing activities used net cash of $1,030.8 million and $9.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 consisted of $487.5 million for the acquisition of real estate assets in the Bally's acquisitions and $592.2 million for the acquisition of the real estate assets of Maryland Live! which was accounted for as an investment in lease, financing receivable. The Company also incurred capital expenditures of $16.2 million, partially offset by the net proceeds received for the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn of $30.8 million, proceeds from the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen of $28.2 million, a loan loss recovery of $4.0 million, and proceeds from the sale of property of $2.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily consisted of capital expenditures of $3.1 million and $5.9 million for the acquisition of real estate assets primarily related to the Evansville swap transaction.

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Financing activities provided net cash of $443.1 million and $63.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was driven by $795.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and $662.3 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock, partially offset by the repayment of long term debt of $363.4 million relating to the Maryland Live! transaction, dividend payments of $633.9 million and taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings of $9.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company raised $2,076.4 million of proceeds from the issuance of long term debt and $320.9 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock. This was partially offset by repayments of long-term debt of $2,076.6 million, dividend payments of $230.5 million and taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings of $15.3 million.

Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures are accounted for as either capital project or capital maintenance (replacement) expenditures. Capital project expenditures are for fixed asset additions that expand an existing facility or create a new facility. The cost of properties developed by the Company include costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. Capital maintenance expenditures are expenditures to replace existing fixed assets with a useful life greater than one year that are obsolete, worn out or no longer cost effective to repair.

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 we spent approximately $2.3 million and $3.1 million respectively, for capital maintenance expenditures. The majority of the capital maintenance expenditures were for slot machines and slot machine equipment at our TRS Properties. Our tenants are responsible for capital maintenance expenditures at our leased properties. However, during 2021, $5.2 million was incurred on capital project expenditures related to a landside development project at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and $8.7 million was incurred on capital project expenditures related to an expansion at Casino Queen.

Debt

Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

Prior to June 25, 2020, the Company's senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), consisted of a $1,175 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with a maturity date of May 21, 2023, and a $449 million Term Loan A-1 facility with a maturity date of April 28, 2021.

The Company fully drew down on its Revolver in the first quarter of 2020 to increase its liquidity position and repay certain senior unsecured notes as described below. On June 25, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility (as amended, the "Amended Credit Facility") which extended the maturity date of approximately $224 million of outstanding Term Loan A-1 facility borrowings to May 21, 2023, which term loans are now classified as a new tranche of term loans (Term Loans A-2). Additionally, the Company borrowed incremental Term Loans A-2 totaling $200 million. Furthermore, on June 25, 2020, the Company also closed on an offering of $500 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 priced at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the proceeds from these two financings along with cash on hand to repay all outstanding obligations under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company borrowed an additional $200 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the net proceeds from this additional borrowing to repay indebtedness under the Term Loan A-1 facility.

At December 31, 2021, the Amended Credit Facility had a gross outstanding balance of $424.0 million, consisting of the $424.0 million Term Loan A-2 facility. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolver. Additionally, at December 31, 2021, the Company was contingently obligated under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facility with face amounts aggregating approximately $0.4 million, resulting in $1,174.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the Revolver.

The interest rates payable on the loans are, at the Company's option, equal to either a LIBOR rate or a base rate plus an applicable margin, which ranges from 1.0% to 2.0% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.0% to 1.0% per annum for base rate loans, in each case, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2021, the applicable margin was 1.50% for LIBOR loans and 0.50% for base rate loans. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments under the Revolver at a rate that ranges from 0.15% to 0.35% per annum, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2021, the commitment fee rate was 0.25%. The Company is not required to repay any loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity and may
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prepay all or any portion of the loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of any LIBOR breakage costs of the lenders. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, GLP Capital, is the primary obligor under the Amended Credit Facility, which is guaranteed by GLPI.

The Amended Credit Facility contains customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of GLPI and its subsidiaries to grant liens on their assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations or pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. The Amended Credit Facility contains the following financial covenants, which are measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis: a maximum total debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum senior secured debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum ratio of certain recourse debt to unencumbered asset value and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, GLPI is required to maintain a minimum tangible net worth and its status as a REIT. GLPI is permitted to pay dividends to its shareholders as may be required in order to maintain REIT status, subject to the absence of payment or bankruptcy defaults. GLPI is also permitted to make other dividends and distributions subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants and the absence of defaults. The Amended Credit Facility also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control and termination of the Penn Master Lease (subject to certain replacement rights). The occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Amended Credit Facility will enable the lenders under the Amended Credit Facility to accelerate the loans and terminate the commitments thereunder. At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under the Amended Credit Facility.

Senior Unsecured Notes

At December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding balance of $6,175.0 million of senior unsecured notes (the "Senior Notes").

On December 13, 2021, the Company issued $800 million of 3.25% senior unsecured notes due January 2032 at an issue price equal to 99.376% of the principal amount. The proceeds are being used to partially finance the Company's acquisition of certain real estate assets in the Cordish transaction as described in Note 7.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in November 2020 and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the redemption of $17.3 million, primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

On June 25, 2020, the Company issued $500 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount to repay indebtedness under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company issued an additional $200 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount to repay Term Loan A-1 indebtedness, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $0.8 million, related to debt issuance write-offs. These bond offerings have extended the maturities of our long-term debt.

On August 29, 2019, the Company issued $400 million of 3.35% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on September 1, 2024 at an issue price equal to 99.899% of the principal amount (the "2024 Notes") and $700 million of 4.00% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on January 15, 2030 at an issue price equal to 99.751% of the principal amount (the "2030 Notes"). Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2020. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2020. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Notes and 2030 Notes were used to (i) finance the Company's cash tender offer to purchase its 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (described below), (ii) repay outstanding borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility and (iii) repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Company's Term Loan A-1 facility.

On September 12, 2019, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2019 Tender Offer") to purchase its $1,000 million aggregate principal amount 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"). The Company received early tenders from the holders of approximately $782.6 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes, or approximately 78% of its outstanding 2020 Notes, in connection with the 2019 Tender Offer at a price of 102.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date. Subsequent to the early tender deadline, an additional $2.2 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes was tendered at a price of 99.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date, for a total redemption of $784.8 million of the 2020 Notes. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer, of approximately $21.0 million, for the difference between the reacquisition price of the tendered 2020 Notes and their net carrying value.

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The Company may redeem the Senior Notes of any series at any time, and from time to time, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a "make-whole" redemption premium described in the indenture governing the Senior Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, except that if Senior Notes of a series are redeemed 90 or fewer days prior to their maturity, the redemption price will be 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. If GLPI experiences a change of control accompanied by a decline in the credit rating of the Senior Notes of a particular series, the Company will be required to give holders of the Senior Notes of such series the opportunity to sell their Senior Notes of such series at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes of such series, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. The Senior Notes also are subject to mandatory redemption requirements imposed by gaming laws and regulations.  
The Senior Notes were issued by GLP Capital and GLP Financing II, Inc. (the "Issuers"), two wholly-owned subsidiaries of GLPI both of which are consolidated by GLPI, and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by GLPI which such guarantees are full and unconditional. The Senior Notes are the Issuers' senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of the Issuers' senior indebtedness, including the Amended Credit Facility, and senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers' subordinated indebtedness, without giving effect to collateral arrangements. GLPI is not subject to any material or significant restrictions on its ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries through dividends or loans or to transfer assets from such subsidiaries, except as provided by applicable law and the covenants listed below. None of GLPI's other subsidiaries guarantee the Senior Notes.
The Senior Notes contain covenants limiting the Company’s ability to: incur additional debt and use its assets to secure debt; merge or consolidate with another company; and make certain amendments to the Penn Master Lease. The Senior Notes also require the Company to maintain a specified ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. These covenants are subject to a number of important and significant limitations, qualifications and exceptions.

GLPI owns all of the assets of GLP Capital and conducts all of its operations through the operating partnership. Based on the amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X that the SEC released on January 4, 2021, we note that since GLPI fully and unconditionally guarantees the debt securities of the Issuers and consolidates both Issuers, we are not required to provide separate financial statements for the Issuers and GLPI since they are consolidated into GLPI and the GLPI guarantee is “full and unconditional.”

Furthermore, as permitted under Rule 13-01(a)(4)(vi), we excluded the summarized financial information for the Issuers because the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the Issuers and GLPI are not materially different than the corresponding amounts in GLPI’s consolidated financial statements and we believe such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.
At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under its Senior Notes.

Distribution Requirements

We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, in order to qualify to be taxed as a REIT (assuming that certain other requirements are also satisfied) so that U.S. federal corporate income tax does not apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.

LIBOR Transition

The majority of our debt is at fixed rates and our exposure to variable interest rates is currently limited to our Revolver and our Term Loan A-2. Both of these debt instruments are indexed to LIBOR which is expected to be phased out through mid-2023. The discontinuance of LIBOR would affect our interest expense and earnings. The borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility will be subject to the expected LIBOR transition. LIBOR is currently expected to transition to a new standard rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). We are currently monitoring the transition and cannot be certain whether SOFR will become the standard rate for our variable rate debt.

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Outlook

Based on our current level of operations and anticipated earnings, we believe that cash generated from operations and cash on hand, together with amounts available under our Amended Credit Facility, will be adequate to meet our anticipated debt service requirements, pending acquisition costs for our Pennsylvania transactions with Cordish that will total approximately $698 million, inclusive of estimated real estate transfer taxes and fees (of which $575 million will require cash with the remainder funded in additional operating units) and the $150 million purchase price for the real estate of Bally's Black Hawk and Rock Island properties, capital expenditures, working capital needs and dividend requirements. Additionally, we anticipate the sale of the non-land real estate assets at Tropicana Las Vegas to Bally's will result in $150.0 million of proceeds.

In addition, we expect the majority of our future growth to come from acquisitions of gaming and other properties to lease to third parties. If we consummate significant acquisitions in the future, our cash requirements may increase significantly and we would likely need to raise additional proceeds through a combination of either common equity (including under our ATM Program), issuance of additional operating partnership units, and/or debt offerings. In addition, although we have no significant debt maturities in 2022, the Company intends to refinance its Amended Credit Facility and certain senior unsecured note obligations in advance of their maturity dates in 2023. Our future operating performance and our ability to service or refinance our debt will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Capital Structure" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the risk related to our capital structure.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We face market risk exposure in the form of interest rate risk. These market risks arise from our debt obligations. We have no international operations. Our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is not significant to our financial condition or results of operations.
GLPI’s primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to its indebtedness of $6,599.7 million at December 31, 2021. Furthermore, $6,175.0 million of our obligations are the senior unsecured notes that have fixed interest rates with maturity dates ranging from approximately two years to ten years. An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by GLPI more costly, as well as increase the costs of its variable rate debt obligations. Rising interest rates could also limit GLPI’s ability to refinance its debt when it matures or cause GLPI to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. GLPI may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to its borrowings by means of interest rate swap agreements. GLPI also expects to manage its exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rates for its indebtedness. However, the provisions of the Code applicable to REITs substantially limit GLPI’s ability to hedge its assets and liabilities.
The table below provides information at December 31, 2021 about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations, the table presents notional amounts maturing in each fiscal year and the related weighted-average interest rates by maturity dates. Notional amounts are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged by maturity date and the weighted-average interest rates for our variable rate debt are based on implied forward LIBOR rates at December 31, 2021.
 1/01/22- 12/31/221/01/23- 12/31/231/01/24- 12/31/241/01/25- 12/31/251/01/26 12/31/26ThereafterTotalFair Value at 12/31/2021
 (in thousands)
Long-term debt:        
Fixed rate$— $500,000 $400,000 $850,000 $975,000 $3,450,000 $6,175,000 $6,645,574 
Average interest rate5.38 %3.35 %5.25 %5.38 %4.36 %  
Variable rate$— $424,019 $— $— $— $— $424,019 $424,019 
Average interest rate (1) 
2.90 %   

(1) Estimated rate, reflective of forward LIBOR plus the spread over LIBOR applicable to variable-rate borrowing. For considerations surrounding the phase out of LIBOR refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control -- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Lease Classification - Lease Term - See Note 14 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company performs a lease classification test upon the entry into any new tenant lease or lease modification to determine if the Company will account for the lease as an operating, sales-type lease, or direct financing lease. The accounting guidance under ASC 842 is complex and requires the use of judgments and assumptions by management to determine the proper accounting treatment of a lease. The lease classification tests and the resulting calculations require subjective judgments, such as determining the likelihood a tenant will exercise all renewal options, in order to determine the lease term. A slight change in estimate or judgment can result in a material difference in the financial statement presentation.

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Given the significant judgments made by management to determine the expected lease term, we performed audit procedures to assess the reasonableness of such judgments, which required a high degree of auditor judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the judgments surrounding the determination of lease term for any new or modified lease included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of the controls over management’s assessment of the likelihood a tenant would exercise all renewal options.
•We evaluated the significant judgments made by management to determine the expected lease term by:
◦Evaluating the significance of the leased assets to the tenant’s operations by examining available information including tenant’s financial statements if available.

◦Evaluating the Company’s historical pattern of tenant lease modifications by examining both confirming and contradictory evidence.

◦Obtaining lease agreements to examine material lease provisions considered by management in their analysis.

Current Expected Credit Loss (“Expected Loss”) – Refer to Notes 2 and 8 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company follows ASC 326 “Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”), which requires that the Company measures and record current expected credit losses (“CECL”), the scope of which includes Investments in leases - financing receivables. The Company elected to use an econometric default and loss rate model to estimate the CECL allowance. This model requires the Company to calculate and input lease and property specific credit and performance metrics which in conjunction with forward looking economic forecasts, project estimated credit losses over the life of the lease. A CECL allowance is recorded based on the expected loss rate multiplied by the outstanding investment in lease balance.

Expected losses within the Company’s cash flows are determined by estimating the probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) of the Company’s Investment in lease, financing receivable. The PD and LGD are estimated during the initial term of the lease. The PD and LGD estimates for the lease term were developed using current financial condition forecasts. The PD and LGD predictive model uses the average historical default rates and historical loss rates, respectively, dating back to 1998 that have similar credit profiles or characteristics to the real estate underlying the Company's financing receivable. The Company will monitor the credit risk related to its financing receivable by obtaining the rent coverage ratios on a periodic basis. The Company also monitors legislative changes to assess whether it would have an impact on the underlying performance of its tenant.

The determination of the Company’s CECL allowance, including the forward looking economic forecasts, represents a critical audit matter due to the level of subjectivity and judgement involved. Auditing management’s allowance for credit losses requires a high degree of auditor judgment and increased extent of effort including the need to involve our credit specialist.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the allowance for credit losses for the Company’s investments in financing leases included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls implemented by the Company related to the estimation of the allowance for credit losses, including the judgements involved in the determination of the macroeconomic factors applied to expected loss rate.

•We tested the inputs used in the calculation to determine the PD and LGD of the tenant by agreeing lease and property specific credit and performance metrics to independent data.

•With the assistance of our credit specialist, we evaluated the reasonableness of the methodology, appropriateness of the model and significant assumptions used by management to estimate the PD and LGD.

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•We evaluated management’s expected loss rate by performing a peer benchmarking analysis.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche


New York, New York
February 24, 2022

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.





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Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data) 
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Assets
Real estate investments, net$7,777,551 $7,287,158 
Investment in leases, financing receivables, net1,201,670 — 
Property and equipment, used in operations, net12,977 80,618 
Assets held for sale77,728 61,448 
Real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas, net— 304,831 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net851,819 769,197 
Cash and cash equivalents724,595 486,451 
Other assets44,109 44,665 
Total assets$10,690,449 $9,034,368 
Liabilities
Accounts payable$779 $375 
Dividend payable and accrued expenses62,764 398 
Accrued interest71,810 72,285 
Accrued salaries and wages6,798 5,849 
Gaming, property, and other taxes502 146 
Income taxes payable5,166 — 
Operating lease liabilities183,945 152,203 
Financing lease liabilities53,309 — 
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts6,552,372 5,754,689 
Deferred rental revenue329,068 333,061 
Deferred tax liabilities— 359 
Other liabilities33,796 39,985 
Total liabilities7,300,309 6,359,350 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)00
Equity
Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020)— — 
Common stock ($.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized,247,206,937 and 232,452,220 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)2,472 2,325 
Additional paid-in capital4,953,943 4,284,789 
Accumulated deficit(1,771,402)(1,612,096)
Total equity attributable to Gaming and Leisure Properties3,185,013 2,675,018 
Noncontrolling interests in GLPI's Operating Partnership (4,348,774 units and no units outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively205,127 — 
Total equity3,390,140 2,675,018 
Total liabilities and equity$10,690,449 $9,034,368 
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31,202120202019
Revenues  
Rental income$1,106,658 $1,031,036 $996,166 
Interest income from real estate loans— 19,130 28,916 
Total income from real estate1,106,658 1,050,166 1,025,082 
Gaming, food, beverage and other109,693 102,999 128,391 
Total revenues1,216,351 1,153,165 1,153,473 
Operating expenses   
Gaming, food, beverage and other53,039 56,698 74,700 
Land rights and ground lease expense37,390 29,041 42,438 
General and administrative61,245 68,572 65,385 
(Gains) losses from dispositions(21,751)(41,393)92 
Depreciation236,434 230,973 240,435 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 13,000 
Total operating expenses374,583 343,891 436,050 
Income from operations841,768 809,274 717,423 
Other income (expenses)   
Interest expense(283,037)(282,142)(301,520)
Interest income197 569 756 
Insurance proceeds3,500 — — 
   Losses on debt extinguishment— (18,113)(21,014)
Total other expenses(279,340)(299,686)(321,778)
Income before income taxes562,428 509,588 395,645 
Income tax expense28,342 3,877 4,764 
Net income$534,086 $505,711 $390,881 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership(39)— — 
Net income attributable to common shareholders$534,047 $505,711 $390,881 
Earnings per common share:  
Basic earnings attributable to common shareholders$2.27 $2.31 $1.82 
Diluted earnings attributable to common shareholders$2.26 $2.30 $1.81 

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(in thousands, except share data)

 Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Noncontrolling Interest Operating PartnershipTotal
Equity
 SharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 2018214,211,932 $2,142 $3,952,503 $(1,689,038)— $2,265,607 
Issuance of common stock, net of costs1,500 — (255)— — $(255)
Stock option activity26,799 — 592 — — 592 
Restricted stock activity453,934 5 6,543 — — 6,548 
Dividends paid ($2.74 per common share)— — — (589,128)— (589,128)
Net income— — — 390,881 — 390,881 
Balance, December 31, 2019214,694,165 2,147 3,959,383 (1,887,285)— 2,074,245 
Issuance of common stock, net of costs9,207,971 92 320,781 — — 320,873 
Restricted stock activity528,285 5 4,706 — — 4,711 
Dividends paid ($2.50 per common share)8,021,799 81 (81)(230,522)— (230,522)
Net income— — — 505,711 — 505,711 
Balance, December 31, 2020232,452,220 2,325 4,284,789 (1,612,096)— 2,675,018 
Issuance of common stock, net of costs14,394,709 144 662,194 — — 662,338 
Restricted stock activity360,008 3 6,960 — — 6,963 
Dividends paid and accrued ($2.90 per common share)— — — (693,353)— (693,353)
Issuance of operating partnership units— — — — 205,088 205,088 
Net income— — — 534,047 39 534,086 
Balance, December 31, 2021247,206,937 $2,472 $4,953,943 $(1,771,402)$205,127 $3,390,140 
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,202120202019
Operating activities  
Net income$534,086 $505,711 $390,881 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortization252,049 242,995 258,971 
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and discounts9,929 10,503 11,455 
(Gains) losses on dispositions(21,751)(41,393)92 
Deferred income taxes5,326 451 (755)
Stock-based compensation16,831 20,004 16,198 
Straight-line rent adjustments(3,993)4,576 34,574 
Deferred rent recognized— (337,500)— 
Losses on debt extinguishment— 18,113 21,014 
Provision for credit losses, net8,226 — 13,000 
(Increase) decrease,  
Other assets1,903 (6,628)(6,070)
(Decrease), increase  
Dividend payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses(2,297)(1,252)(1,775)
Accrued interest(475)11,590 15,434 
Accrued salaries and wages(1,115)(5,908)(3,189)
Gaming, property and other taxes, other liabilities and income taxes5,059 6,815 472 
Net cash provided by operating activities803,778 428,077 750,302 
Investing activities  
Capital project expenditures(13,926)(474)— 
Capital maintenance expenditures(2,270)(3,130)(3,017)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment2,087 15 200 
Proceeds from sale of operations, net of transaction costs58,993 — — 
Loan loss recovery4,000 — — 
Acquisition of real estate assets(487,475)(5,898)— 
Investment in leases - financing receivable(592,243)— — 
Net cash used in investing activities(1,030,834)(9,487)(2,817)
Financing activities  
Dividends paid(633,901)(230,522)(589,128)
Taxes paid for shares withheld on restricted stock award vestings(9,867)(15,293)(9,058)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net662,338 320,873 (255)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt795,008 2,076,383 1,358,853 
Financing costs(7,118)(11,641)(10,029)
Repayments of long-term debt and related costs(363,391)(2,076,631)(1,496,828)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities443,069 63,169 (746,445)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents, including cash classified within assets held for sale216,013 481,759 1,040 
Decrease (increase) in cash classified within assets held for sale22,131 (22,131)— 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents238,144 459,628 1,040 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period486,451 26,823 25,783 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$724,595 $486,451 $26,823 

See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for supplemental cash flow information.
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Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1.Business and Basis of Presentation
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. ("GLPI") is a self-administered and self-managed Pennsylvania real estate investment trust ("REIT"). GLPI (together with its subsidiaries, the "Company") was incorporated on February 13, 2013, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Penn National Gaming, Inc. (NASDAQ: PENN) ("Penn"). On November 1, 2013, Penn contributed to GLPI, through a series of internal corporate restructurings, substantially all of the assets and liabilities associated with Penn’s real property interests and real estate development business, as well as the assets and liabilities of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville (which are referred to as the "TRS Properties") and then spun-off GLPI to holders of Penn's common and preferred stock in a tax-free distribution (the "Spin-Off"). The assets and liabilities of GLPI were recorded at their respective historical carrying values at the time of the Spin-Off in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 505-60 - Spinoffs and Reverse Spinoffs ("ASC 505").

The Company elected on its United States ("U.S.") federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT and GLPI, together with its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge) and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. (d/b/a Hollywood Casino Perryville) as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" ("TRS") effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas Casino Hotel Resort ("Tropicana Las Vegas"), elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a TRS, which together with the TRS Properties and GLP Holdings, Inc. is the Company's TRS segment (the "TRS Segment"). Finally in advance of our UPREIT transaction (as defined below), the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021. In connection with the Spin-Off, Penn allocated its accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) for periods prior to the consummation of the Spin-Off between Penn and GLPI. In connection with its election to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, GLPI declared a special dividend to its shareholders to distribute any accumulated earnings and profits relating to the real property assets and attributable to any pre-REIT years, including any earnings and profits allocated to GLPI in connection with the Spin-Off, to comply with certain REIT qualification requirements. On July 1, 2021, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn and is leasing the real estate to Penn pursuant to a standalone lease. On December 17, 2021, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen and is leasing the real estate to Casino Queen pursuant to the Casino Queen Master Lease as described below. On December 17, 2021, GLPI declared a special dividend to the Company's shareholders to distribute the accumulated earnings and profits attributable to these sales. See Note 6 for additional information.

GLPI’s primary business consists of acquiring, financing, and owning real estate property to be leased to gaming operators in triple-net lease arrangements. As of December 31, 2021, GLPI’s portfolio consisted of interests in 51 gaming and related facilities, including approximately 35 acres of real estate at Tropicana Las Vegas, the real property associated with 34 gaming and related facilities operated by Penn, the real property associated with 7 gaming and related facilities operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation (NASDAQ: CZR) ("Caesars"), the real property associated with 4 gaming and related facilities operated by Boyd Gaming Corporation (NYSE: BYD) ("Boyd"), the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by Bally's Corporation (NYSE: BALY) ("Bally's) the real property associated with gaming and related facilities at Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland operated by The Cordish Companies ("Cordish") and the real property associated with 2 gaming and related facilities operated by Casino Queen Holding Company ("Casino Queen"). These facilities, including our corporate headquarters building, are geographically diversified across 17 states and contain approximately 27.6 million square feet. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's properties were 100% occupied. GLPI expects to continue growing its portfolio by pursuing opportunities to acquire additional gaming facilities to lease to gaming operators under prudent terms.
Penn Master Lease
As a result of the Spin-Off, GLPI owns substantially all of Penn's former real property assets (as of the consummation of the Spin-Off) and leases back most of those assets to Penn for use by its subsidiaries pursuant to a unitary master lease (the "Penn Master Lease"). The Penn Master Lease is a triple-net operating lease, the term of which expires October 31, 2033, with no purchase option, followed by three remaining 5-year renewal options (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions.

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Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, Boyd Master Lease and Belterra Park Lease
In April 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the real estate assets of Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc. ("Pinnacle") for approximately $4.8 billion. GLPI originally leased these assets back to Pinnacle, under a unitary triple-net lease, the term of which expires April 30, 2031, with no purchase option, followed by four remaining 5-year renewal options (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions (the "Pinnacle Master Lease"). On October 15, 2018, the Company completed its previously announced transactions with Penn, Pinnacle and Boyd to accommodate Penn's acquisition of the majority of Pinnacle's operations, pursuant to a definitive agreement and plan of merger between Penn and Pinnacle, dated December 17, 2017 (the "Penn-Pinnacle Merger"). Concurrent with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Company amended the Pinnacle Master Lease to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd (the "Amended Pinnacle Master Lease") and entered into a new unitary triple-net master lease agreement with Boyd (the "Boyd Master Lease") for these properties on terms similar to the Company’s Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Boyd Master Lease has an initial term of 10 years (from the original April 2016 commencement date of the Pinnacle Master Lease and expiring April 30, 2026), with no purchase option, followed by 5 5-year renewal options (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. The Company also purchased the real estate assets of Plainridge Park Casino ("Plainridge Park") from Penn for $250.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes and added this property to the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. The Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was assumed by Penn at the consummation of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger. The Company also entered into a mortgage loan agreement with Boyd in connection with Boyd's acquisition of Belterra Park Gaming & Entertainment Center ("Belterra Park"), whereby the Company loaned Boyd $57.7 million (the "Belterra Park Loan"). In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to a long-term lease (the "Belterra Park Lease") with a Boyd affiliate operating the property.The Belterra Park Lease rent terms are consistent with the Boyd Master Lease. The annual rent is comprised of a fixed component, part of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities which is adjusted, subject to certain floors, every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of Belterra Park during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline.
Meadows Lease
The real estate assets of the Meadows Racetrack and Casino are leased to Penn pursuant to a single property triple-net lease (the "Meadows Lease"). The Meadows Lease commenced on September 9, 2016 and has an initial term of 10 years, with no purchase option, and the option to renew for three successive 5-year terms and one 4-year term (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions. The Meadows Lease contains a fixed component, subject to annual escalators, and a component that is based on the performance of the facility, which is reset every two years to an amount determined by multiplying (i)4% by (ii) the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing two-year period. The Meadows Lease contains an annual escalator provision for up to5%of the base rent, if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, which remains at 5% until the earlier of ten years or the year in which total rent is $31 million, at which point the escalator will be reduced to a maximum of 2% annually thereafter.

Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease

On October 1, 2018, the Company closed its previously announced transaction to acquire certain real property assets from Tropicana Entertainment Inc. ("Tropicana") and certain of its affiliates pursuant to a Purchase and Sale Agreement dated April 15, 2018 between Tropicana and GLP Capital L.P. ("GLP Capital"), the operating partnership of GLPI, which was subsequently amended on October 1, 2018 (as amended, the "Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired the real estate assets of Tropicana Atlantic City, Tropicana Evansville, Tropicana Laughlin, Trop Casino Greenville and the Belle of Baton Rouge (the "GLP Assets") from Tropicana for an aggregate cash purchase price of $964.0 million, exclusive of transaction fees and taxes (the "Tropicana Acquisition"). Concurrent with the Tropicana Acquisition, Eldorado Resorts, Inc. (now doing business as Caesars) acquired the operating assets of these properties from Tropicana pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 15, 2018 by and among Tropicana, GLP Capital, Caesars and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Caesars and leased the GLP Assets from the Company pursuant to the terms of a new unitary triple-net master lease with an initial term of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by 4 successive 5-year renewal periods (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions (the "Caesars Master Lease").

On June 15, 2020, the Company amended and restated the Caesars Master Lease (as amended, the "Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease") to, (i) extend the initial term of 15 years to 20 years, with renewals of up to an additional 20 years at the option of Caesars, (ii) remove the variable rent component in its entirety commencing with the third lease year, (iii) in the third lease year, increase annual land base rent to approximately $23.6 million and annual building base rent to approximately $62.1 million, (iv) provide fixed escalation percentages that delay the escalation of building base rent until the commencement of the fifth lease year with building base rent increasing annually by 1.25% in the fifth and sixth lease year, 1.75% in the seventh and eighth lease years and 2% in the ninth lease year and each lease year thereafter, (v) subject to the
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satisfaction of certain conditions, permit Caesars to elect to replace the Tropicana Evansville and/or Tropicana Greenville properties under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease with one or more of Caesars Gaming Scioto Downs, The Row in Reno, Isle Casino Racing Pompano Park, Isle Casino Hotel – Black Hawk, Lady Luck Casino – Black Hawk, Isle Casino Waterloo ("Waterloo"), Isle Casino Bettendorf ("Bettendorf") or Isle of Capri Casino Boonville, provided that the aggregate value of such new property, individually or collectively, is at least equal to the value of Tropicana Evansville or Tropicana Greenville, as applicable, (vi) permit Caesars to elect to sell its interest in Belle of Baton Rouge and sever it from the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease (with no change to the rent obligation to the Company), subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, and (vii) provide certain relief under the operating, capital expenditure and financial covenants thereunder in the event of facility closures due to pandemics, governmental restrictions and certain other instances of unavoidable delay. The effectiveness of the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease was subject to the review and approval of certain gaming regulatory agencies and the expiration of applicable gaming regulatory advance notice periods which conditions were satisfied on July 23, 2020. On December 18, 2020, the Company and Caesars completed an Exchange Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with subsidiaries of Caesars in which Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of Waterloo and Bettendorf in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville, plus a cash payment of $5.7 million. This resulted in a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment made.In connection with the Exchange Agreement, the annual building base rent was increased to $62.5 million and the annual land component was increased to $23.7 million.

Lumière Place Lease

On October 1, 2018 the Company entered into a loan agreement with Caesars in connection with Caesars’s acquisition of Lumière Place Casino ("Lumière Place"), whereby the Company loaned Caesars $246.0 million (the "CZR loan"). The CZR loan bore interest at a rate equal to (i) 9.09% until October 1, 2019 and (ii) 9.27% until its maturity. On the one-year anniversary of the CZR loan, the mortgage evidenced by a deed of trust on the Lumière Place property terminated and the loan became unsecured. On June 24, 2020, the Company received approval from the Missouri Gaming Commission to own the Lumière Place property in satisfaction of the CZR loan.On September 29, 2020, the transaction closed and we entered into a new triple net lease with Caesars (the "Lumière Place Lease") the initial term of which expires on October 31, 2033 with 4 separate renewal options of five years each, exercisable at the tenant's option.The Lumière Place Lease rent terms were adjusted on December 1, 2021 such that the annual escalator is now fixed at 1.25% for the second through fifth lease years, increasing to 1.75% for the sixth and seventh lease years and thereafter increasing by 2.0% for the remainder of the lease.

Bally's Master Lease

On June 3, 2021, the Company completed its previously announced transaction pursuant to which a subsidiary of Bally's acquired 100% of the equity interests in the Caesars subsidiary that currently operates Tropicana Evansville and the Company reacquired the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville from Caesars for a cash purchase price of approximately $340.0 million. In addition, the Company purchased the real estate assets of Dover Downs Hotel & Casino from Bally's for a cash purchase price of approximately $144.0 million. The real estate assets of these two facilities were added to a new triple net master lease (the "Bally's Master Lease") which has an initial term of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by 4 five-year renewal options (exercisable by the tenant) on the same terms and conditions.

Tropicana Las Vegas
On April 16, 2020, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries closed on its previously announced transaction to acquire the real property associated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for rent credits of $307.5 million, which were applied against future rent obligations due under the parties' existing leases during 2020. An affiliate of Penn continues to operate the casino and hotel business of the Tropicana Las Vegas pursuant to a triple net lease with GLPI for nominal rent for the earlier of two years (subject to three one-year extensions at the Company's option) or until the Tropicana Las Vegas is sold. See Note 6 for the anticipated sale of the building and sale-lease back of the land for this asset.
Morgantown Lease
On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits that were fully utilized by Penn in the fourth quarter of 2020.The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn for an initial term of 20 years, followed by 6 5-year renewal options exercisable by the tenant (the "Morgantown Lease").


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Casino Queen Master Lease

On November 25, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the operations of our Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen for $28.2 million (the "HCBR transaction"). The HCBR transaction closed on December 17, 2021 which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $6.8 million ( loss of $7.7 million after tax) for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company retained ownership of all real estate assets at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and simultaneously entered into a triple net master lease with Casino Queen, which includes the Casino Queen property in East St. Louis that is currently leased by the Company to Casino Queen and the Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge facility ("Casino Queen Master Lease"). The initial annual cash rent is approximately $21.4 million and the lease has an initial term of 15 years with 4 5 year renewal options exercisable by the tenant. This rental amount will be increased annually by 0.5% for the first six years. Beginning with the seventh lease year through the remainder of the lease term, if the Consumer Price Index ("CPI") increases by at least 0.25% for any lease year then annual rent shall be increased by 1.25%, and if the CPI increase is less than 0.25% then rent will remain unchanged for such lease year. Additionally, the Company will complete the current landside development project that is in process and the rent under the Casino Queen Master Lease will be adjusted upon delivery to reflect a yield of 8.25% on GLPI's project costs. The Company will also have a right of first refusal with Casino Queen for other sale leaseback transactions up to $50 million over the next 2 years. Finally, in 2021, GLPI forgave the unsecured $13.0 million, 5.5 year term loan made to CQ Holding Company, Inc., an affiliate of Casino Queen, which has been previously impaired in return for a one-time cash payment of $4 million which was recorded in provision for credit losses, net during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Perryville Lease

On December 15, 2020, the Company announced that Penn exercised its option to purchase from the Company the operations of our Hollywood Casino Perryville, located in Perryville, Maryland, for $31.1 million. The transaction closed on July 1, 2021 and the real estate assets of the Hollywood Casino Perryville are being leased to Penn on a triple net basis
(the "Perryville Lease").

Maryland Live! Lease and Pennsylvania Live! Lease

On December 6, 2021, the Company announced that it had agreed to acquire the real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, Live! Casino & Hotel Philadelphia, and Live! Casino Pittsburgh, including applicable long-term ground leases, from affiliates of Cordish for aggregate consideration of approximately $1.81 billion at deal announcement. The transaction also includes a binding partnership on future Cordish casino developments, as well as potential financing partnerships between the Company and Cordish in other areas of Cordish's portfolio of real estate and operating businesses. GLPI will enter into a new triple net lease master lease with Cordish for Live! Casino & Hotel Philadelphia and Live! Casino Pittsburgh (the "Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease"), and GLPI entered into a single asset lease for Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland (the "Maryland Live! Lease"). On December 29, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland and entered into the Maryland Live! Lease which has an initial lease terms of 39 years, with a maximum term of 60 years inclusive of tenant renewal options. The annual rent for the Maryland Live! Lease is $75 million and for the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will be $50 million both of which have or will have a 1.75% fixed yearly escalator on the entirety of rent commencing on the leases' second anniversary. The Pennsylvania transactions are expected to close in early 2022, subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

COVID-19

In the first quarter of 2020, there was a global outbreak of a new strain of novel coronavirus COVID-19. The global, domestic and local response to the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve. Responses to the COVID-19 outbreak included mandates from federal, state, and/or local authorities that required temporary closures of, or imposed limitations on, the operations of non-essential businesses. All of the Company's tenants' casino operations, in addition to the Company's two TRS Properties, were closed in mid-March 2020. Our properties began reopening at limited capacity in May 2020 and by early July 2020 nearly all had resumed operations at limited capacity. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, increased spread of COVID-19 led some jurisdictions to impose temporary closures once again. As of the date of this filing, none of our properties are closed and all of our tenants are current on their obligations.


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2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from those estimates.  Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, specifically deferred taxes and prepaid expenses have been classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Principles of Consolidation and Non-controlling interest

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GLPI and its subsidiaries as well as the Company's operating partnership, which is a variable interest entity ("VIE") in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company presents non-controlling interests and classifies such interests as a separate component of equity, separate from GLPI's stockholders' equity and as net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Statement of Income. See Note 18 for further discussion. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments primarily represent land and buildings leased to the Company's tenants. The Company records the acquisition of real estate assets at fair value, including acquisition and closing costs. The cost of properties developed by the Company include costs of construction, property taxes, interest and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. The Company considers the period of future benefit of the asset to determine the appropriate useful lives. Depreciation is computed using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the buildings and building improvements which are generally between 10 to 31 years.
The Company continually monitors events and circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of its real estate investments may not be recoverable or realized. The factors considered by the Company in performing these assessments include evaluating whether the tenant is current on theirits lease payments, the tenant’s rent coverage ratio, the financial stability of the tenant and its parent company, and any other relevant factors. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, the Company estimatesdetermines whether the fair value of the investment by calculating the undiscounted future cash flows from the use and eventual disposition ofunderlying lease exceeds the investment. This amount is compared toreal estate investments' carrying value. If we determine the estimated undiscounted cash flow are less than the asset's carrying value. Ifvalue, then the Company determines the carrying amount is not recoverable, it would recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value, calculated in accordance with GAAP. The Company groups its real estate investments together by lease, the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available, in evaluating impairment. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value, the Company must make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. The factors considered by the Company in performing this assessment include current operating results, market and other applicable trends and residual values, as well as the effect of obsolescence, demand, competition and other factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss.
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Investment in Leases - Financing receivables
In accordance with ASC 842 - Leases ("ASC 842"), for transactions in which the Company enters into a contract to acquire an asset and leases it back to the seller under a sales-type lease (i.e. a sale leaseback transaction), the Company must determine whether control of the asset has transferred to the Company. In cases whereby control has not transferred to the Company, we do not recognize the underlying asset but instead recognize a financial asset in accordance with ASC 310 "Receivables". The accounting for the financing receivable under ASC 310 is materially consistent with the accounting for our investments in leases - sales type under ASC 842. The Company recognizes interest income on Investment in leases - financing receivables under the effective yield method. Generally, we would recognize interest income to the extent the tenant is not more than 90 days delinquent on their rental obligations. We have concluded that the Maryland Live! Lease is required to be accounted for as an Investment in leases - financing receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in accordance with ASC 310, since control of the underlying assets was not considered to have transferred to the Company under GAAP given the significant initial term of the Maryland Live! Lease which was 39 years.
Property and Equipment Used in Operations
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and represent assets used by the Company's TRS operationsProperties and certain corporate assets. Maintenance and repairs that neither add materially to the value of the asset nor appreciably prolong its useful life are charged to expense as incurred. Gains or losses on the disposal of property and equipment are included in the determination of income.

Depreciation of property and equipment is recorded using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
            
Land improvements15 to 31 years
Building and improvements5 to 31 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment3 to 31 years

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the related lease term. The estimated useful lives are determined based on the nature of the assets as well as the Company's current operating strategy.
The Company reviews the carrying value of its property and equipment for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable based upon the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. If the Company determines the carrying amount is not recoverable, it would recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value, calculated in accordance with GAAP. In estimating expected future cash flows for determining whether an asset is impaired, assets are grouped at the individual property level. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value of property and equipment, the Company must make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. The factors considered by the Company in performing this assessment include current operating results, market and other applicable trends and residual values, as well as the effect of obsolescence, demand, competition and other factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss for these assets.
Real Estate Loans and Other Loans Receivable
The Company may periodically loan funds to casino owner-operators for the purchase of gaming related real estate and/or operations. Loans for the purchase of real estate assets of gaming-related properties are classified as real estate loans on the Company's consolidated balance sheets,Consolidated Balance Sheets, while loans for an operator's general operations are classified as loans receivable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. All loansConsolidated Balance Sheets. Loans receivable are recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheetsConsolidated Balance Sheets at carrying value which approximates fair value.value since collection of principal is reasonably assured. Interest income related to real estate loans is recorded as interest income from real estate loans within the Company's consolidated statements of income in the period earned, whereas interest income related to other loans receivable is recorded as non-operating interest income within the Company's consolidated statements of income in the period earned.
The Company evaluateshad no such loans for impairment when it is probable that it will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual termsoutstanding at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
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Table of the agreement. All amounts due under the contractual terms of the agreement means that both contractual interest payments and contractual principal payments will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement. Indicators of impairment may include delinquent payments, a decline in the credit worthiness of a debtor, or a decline in the underlying property/tenant’s performance. The Company measures loan impairment based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. The determination of whether loans are impaired involves judgments and assumptions based on objective and subjective factors. If an impairment occurs, the Company will reduce the carrying value of the loan and record a corresponding charge to net income.Contents
The Company's adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13") on January 1, 2020 (as described in Note 3) did not result in the Company recording any allowances against its real estate loans for expected losses.
Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at its inception. A lease is defined as the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet at the lease commencement date for operating leases in which the Company acts as lessee. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's rights to use underlying assets for the term of the lease and lease liabilities represent the Company's future obligations under the lease agreement. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based upon the estimated present value of the lease payments. As the rate implicit in the Company's leases (in which the Company acts as lessee) cannot readily be determined, the Company utilizes its own estimated incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of its lease payments. Consideration is given to the Company's recent debt issuances, as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics, including tenor, when determining the incremental borrowing rates of the Company's leases.

The Company includes options to extend a lease in its lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those renewal options. In the instance of the Company's ground leases associated with its tenant occupied properties, the Company has included all available renewal options in the lease term, as it intends to renew these leases indefinitely. The Company accounts for the lease and nonlease components (as necessary) of its leases of all classes of underlying assets as a single lease component. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Land rights, net represent the Company's rights to land subject to long-term ground leases. The Company obtained ground lease rights through the acquisition of several of its rental properties and immediately subleased the land to its tenants. These land rights represent the below market value of the related ground leases. The Company assessed the acquired ground leases to determine if the lease terms were favorable or unfavorable, given market conditions at the acquisition date. Because the market rents to be received under the Company's triple-net tenant leases were greater than the rents to be paid under the acquired ground leases, the Company concluded that the ground leases were below market and were therefore required to be recorded as a definite lived asset (land rights) on its books.
Right-of-use assets and land rights are monitored for potential impairment in much the same way as the Company's real estate assets, using the impairment model in ASC 360 - Property, Plant and Equipment. If the Company determines the carrying amount of a right-of-use asset or land right is not recoverable, it would recognize an impairment charge equivalent to the amount required to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value, calculated in accordance with GAAP.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all cash balances and highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses consistOther assets primarily consists of accounts receivable and deferred compensation plan assets (See Note 13 for further details on the deferred compensation plan). Other assets also include deferred taxes and prepaid expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received. These amounts are deferred and charged to operations as the benefits are realized and primarily consist of prepayments for insurance, property taxes and other contracts that will be expensed during the subsequent year. It also includes transaction costs that will be allocated to purchase price upon the closing of an asset acquisition. Other assets primarily consists of accounts receivable and deferred compensation plan assets (See Note 11 for further details on the deferred compensation plan).
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company's goodwill and intangible assets are the result of the contribution of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville in connection with the Spin-Off. The Company's goodwill resides on the books of its Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge subsidiary, while the other intangible asset represents a gaming license on the books of its Hollywood Casino Perryville subsidiary. Both subsidiaries are members of the TRS Properties segment and are considered separate reporting units under ASC 350 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"). Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available
Under ASC 350, the Company is required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill may be impaired. The Company has elected to perform its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 of each year. In accordance with ASC 350, the Company tests goodwill for impairment subsequent to testing its other long-lived assets for impairment.
ASC 350 prescribes a two-step goodwill impairment test, the first step which involves the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit and its comparison to the carrying amount. In order to determine the fair value of the Baton Rouge reporting unit, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow model, which relies on projected EBITDA to determine the reporting unit's future cash flows. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value in step 1, then step 2 of the impairment test is performed to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit, an impairment loss is recognized.
In accordance with ASC 350, the Company considers its Hollywood Casino Perryville gaming license an indefinite-lived intangible asset that does not require amortization based on the Company's future expectations to operate this casino indefinitely, as well as the gaming industry's historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various state gaming commissions. Rather, the Company's gaming license is tested annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, for impairment by comparing the fair value of the recorded asset to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the indefinite-life intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Hollywood Casino Perryville's gaming license will expire in September 2025, fifteen years from the casino's opening date. The Company expects to expense any costs related to the gaming license renewal as incurred.

The Company calculates the fair value of its gaming license using the Greenfield Method under the income approach. The Greenfield Method estimates the fair value of the gaming license assuming the Company built a casino with similar utility to that of the existing facility. The method assumes a theoretical start-up company going into business without any assets other than the intangible asset being valued. As such the value of the license is a function of the following items:
Projected revenues and operating cash flows;
Theoretical construction costs and duration;
Pre-opening expenses;
Discounting that reflects the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows attributable to the license; and
Remaining useful life of the license
The evaluation of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets requires the use of estimates about future operating results to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and the indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company must make various assumptions and estimates in performing its impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions, which represent the Company's best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets. Changes in estimates, increases in the Company's cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the Company's estimates. If the Company's ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, the Company may have to record impairment charges in future accounting periods. The Company's estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, as well as recent operating information and budgets. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events.
Forecasted cash flows can be significantly impacted by the local economy in which the Company's subsidiaries operate. For example, increases in unemployment rates can result in decreased customer visitations and/or lower customer spend per visit. In addition, new legislation which approves gaming in nearby jurisdictions or further expands gaming in jurisdictions in which the Company operates can result in increased competition for the property. This generally has a negative effect on profitability once competitors become established, as a certain level of cannibalization occurs absent an overall increase in customer visitations. Lastly, increases in gaming taxes approved by state regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows.
Assumptions and estimates about future cash flow levels are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in the Company's business strategy, which may reallocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance the Company's overall value but may be to the detriment of its existing operations.
The Company's adoption of ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04") on January 1, 2020 (as described in Note 3) is expected to simplify the analysis required under the Company's future goodwill impairment tests.
Debt Issuance Costs and Bond Premiums and Discounts
Debt issuance costs that are incurred by the Company in connection with the issuance of debt are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the underlying indebtedness. In accordance with ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, the Company records long-term debt net of unamortized debt issuance costs on its consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Similarly, the Company records long-term debt net of any unamortized bond premiums and original issuance discounts on its consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any original issuance discounts or bond premiums are also amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the underlying indebtedness.
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820") establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for

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the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach, and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are described below:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. 

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

        The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for our investments in leases under ASC 842. Upon lease inception or lease modification, we assess lease classification to determine whether the lease should be classified as a sales-type, direct financing or operating lease. As required by ASC 842, we separately assess the land and building components of the property to determine the classification of each component. If the lease component is determined to be a sales-type lease or direct financing lease, we record a net investment in the lease, which is equal to the sum of the lease receivable and the unguaranteed residual asset, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. Any difference between the fair value of the asset and the net investment in the lease is considered selling profit or loss and is either recognized upon execution of the lease or deferred and recognized over the life of the lease, depending on the classification of the lease. Since we purchase properties and simultaneously enter into new leases directly with the tenants, the net investment in the lease is generally equal to the purchase price of the asset, and, due to the long term nature of our leases, the land and building components of an investment generally have the same lease classification.
The Company recognizes the related income from our financing receivables using an effective interest rate at a constant rate over the term of the applicable leases. As a result, the cash payments received under financing receivables will not equal the income recognized for accounting purposes. Rather, a portion of the cash rent the Company will receive is recorded as interest income with the remainder as a change to financing receivables. Initial direct costs incurred in connection with entering into financing receivables are included in the balance of the financing receivables. Such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to interest income from financing receivables over the term of the lease using the effective interest rate method. Costs that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was signed, such as legal fees and certain other third party fees, are expensed as incurred.

The Company recognizes rental revenue from tenants, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractually fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectability is reasonably assured in accordance with ASC 842 - Leases.842. Additionally, percentage rent that is fixed and determinable at the lease inception date is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term, resulting in the recognition of deferred rental revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred rental revenue is amortized to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the remainder of the lease term. The lease term includes the initial non-cancelable lease term and any reasonably assured renewable periods. Contingent rental income that is not fixed and determinable at lease inception is recognized only when the lessee achieves the specified target. Recognition of rental income commences when control of the facility has been transferred to the tenant.

Additionally, in accordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the ground lease rent paid by its tenants with an offsetting expense in land rights and ground lease expense within the consolidated statement of income as the Company has concluded that as the lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company subleases these ground leases back to its tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord.
The Company may periodically loan funds to casino owner-operators for the purchase of gaming related real estate. Interest income related to real estate loans is recorded as revenue from real estate within the Company's consolidated statements of income in the period earned.
Gaming revenue generated by the TRS Properties mainly consists of revenue from slot machines and to a lesser extent, table game and poker revenue. Gaming revenue from slot machines is the aggregate net difference between gaming wins and losses with liabilities recognized for funds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs, for "ticket-in, ticket-out" coupons in the customers’ possession, and for accruals related to the anticipated payout of progressive jackpots. Progressive
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slot machines, which contain base jackpots that increase at a progressive rate based on the number of coins played, are charged to revenue as the amount of the jackpots increase. Table game gaming revenue is the aggregate of table drop adjusted for the change in aggregate table chip inventory. Table drop is the total dollar amount of the currency, coins, chips, tokens, outstanding counter checks (markers), and front money that are removed from the live gaming tables. Gaming revenue is recognized net of certain sales incentives, including promotional allowances in accordance with ASC 606 - Revenues from Contracts with Customers. The Company also defers a portion of the revenue received from customers (who participate in the points-based loyalty programs) at the time of play until a later period when the points are redeemed or forfeited. Other revenues at the TRS Properties are derived from the properties' dining, retail and certain other ancillary activities and revenue for these activities is recognized as services are performed. As of December 31, 2021, the Company no longer operates gaming assets and therefore gaming revenue will no longer be recorded.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company follows ASC 326 “Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”), which requires that the Company measure and record current expected credit losses (“CECL”), the scope of which includes our Investments in leases - financing receivables and real estate loans. The Company's adoption of Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 did not result in the Company recording any allowances against its real estate loans for expected losses.

We have elected to use an econometric default and loss rate model to estimate the Allowance for credit losses, or CECL allowance. This model requires us to calculate and input lease and property-specific credit and performance metrics which in conjunction with forward-looking economic forecasts, project estimated credit losses over the life of the lease or loan. The Company then records a CECL allowance based on the expected loss rate multiplied by the outstanding investment in lease balance.

Expected losses within our cash flows are determined by estimating the probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) of our Investment in lease, financing receivable related to our Maryland Live! Lease. We have engaged a nationally recognized data analytics firm to assist us with estimating both the PD and LGD for this financing receivable. The PD and LGD are estimated during the initial term of the lease. The PD and LGD estimates for the lease term were developed using current financial condition forecasts. The PD and LGD predictive model was developed using the average historical default rates and historical loss rates, respectively, of over 100,000 commercial real estate loans dating back to 1998 that have similar credit profiles or characteristics to the real estate underlying the Company's financing receivable. Management will monitor the credit risk related to its financing receivable by obtaining the rent coverage on the Maryland Live! Lease on a periodic basis. The Company also monitors legislative changes to assess whether it would have an impact on the underlying performance of its tenant. We are unable to use our historical data to estimate losses as the Company has no loss history to date on its lease portfolio. Our tenants are current on all of their rental obligations as of December 31, 2021.

The CECL allowance is recorded as a reduction to our net Investments in leases - financing receivable, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We are required to update our CECL allowance on a quarterly basis with the resulting change being recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. Finally, each time the Company makes a new investment in an asset subject to ASC 326, we will be required to record an initial CECL allowance for such asset, which will result in a non-cash charge to the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. See Note 8 for further information.

Charge-offs are deducted from the allowance in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries previously written off are recorded when received. The Company recorded a recovery of $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 for the settlement of a loan that had been previously written off to Casino Queen.

Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's Amended 2013 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2013 Plan") provides for the Company to issue restricted stock awards, including performance-based restricted stock awards, and other equity or cash based awards to employees. Any director, employee or consultant shall be eligible to receive such awards.
The Company accounts for stock compensation under ASC 718 - Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. This expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period following the date of grant. The fair value of the Company's time-based restricted stock awards is equivalent to the closing stock price on the day

prior to grant. The Company utilizes a third-party valuation firm to measure the fair value of performance-based restricted stock awards at grant date using the Monte Carlo model.
 
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The unrecognized compensation cost relating to restricted stock awards and performance-based restricted stock awards is recognized as expense over the awards’ remaining vesting periods.

See Note 1315 for further information related to stock-based compensation.
Income Taxes
The TRS Properties areSegment is able to engage in activities resulting in income that would not be qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within its TRS PropertiesSegment are subject to federal and state income taxes. 
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 - Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and are measured at the prevailing enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences are settled or realized. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realizability of the deferred tax assets is evaluated by assessing the valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of the allowance, if any, as necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the forecast of future taxable income.
ASC 740 also creates a single model to address uncertainty in tax positions, and clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in an enterprise's financial statements. It also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company did not have any uncertain tax positions for the three years ended December 31, 2019.2021.
The Company is required under ASC 740 to disclose its accounting policy for classifying interest and penalties, the amount of interest and penalties charged to expense each period, as well as the cumulative amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. If and when they occur, the Company will classify any income tax-related penalties and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in taxes on income within the consolidated statements of income. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, the Company recognized 0no penalties and interest, net of deferred income taxes.
The Company elected on its U.S. federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT and the Company, together with an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas, elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a “taxable REIT subsidiary”. Finally, in advance of the UPREIT Transaction, the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021.
The Company continues to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit the Company to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to shareholders. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal, state or local income tax on income that it distributes as dividends to its shareholders, except in those jurisdictions that do not allow a deduction for such distributions. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Company in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect the Company's net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless the Company was entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, the Company also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the 4four taxable years following the year in which it failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
Earnings Per Share
 
The Company calculates earnings per share ("EPS") in accordance with ASC 260 - Earnings Per Share. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stockshareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding net income attributable to participating securities (unvested restricted stock awards). Diluted EPS reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities such as stock options, unvested restricted shares and unvested performance-based restricted shares. The effect of the conversion of the Operating Partnership ("OP") units to common shares is excluded from the computation on basic and diluted earnings per share because all net income attributable to the Noncontrolling interest holders are recorded as income attributable to non-controlling interests, thus is excluded from net income available to common shareholders. See Note 1517 for further details on the Company's earnings per share calculations.


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Segment Information
 
Consistent with how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (as such term is defined in ASC 280 - Segment Reporting) reviews and assesses the Company’s financial performance, the Company has 2 reportable segments, GLP Capital, L.P. (a wholly-ownedconsolidated subsidiary of GLPI through which GLPI owns substantially all of its real estate assets) and the TRS Properties.Segment. The GLP Capital reportable segment consists of the leased real property and represents the majority of the Company’s business. The TRS Properties reportable segmentSegment consists of Hollywood Casino Perryville (until July 1, 2021 and subsequent to this date includes rental income from the Perryville Lease) and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge.Rouge (until December 17, 2021), as well as the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas. The Company anticipates completing a transaction in the near future related to Tropicana Las Vegas. As such in 2022, the Company expects to have one reportable segment. See Note 1719 for further information with respect to the Company’s segments.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of operators, tenants, or obligors related to the Company's investments are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. Additionally, concentrations of credit risk may arise when revenues of the Company are derived from a small number of tenants. As of December 31, 2019,2021, substantially all of the Company's real estate properties were leased to Penn, EldoradoCaesars and Boyd. During the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, approximately 79%75%, 11% and 9%10% of the Company's collective income from real estate was derived from tenant leases and real estate loans with Penn, EldoradoCaesars and Boyd, respectively. Revenues from our tenants are reported in the Company's GLP Capital, L.P. reportable segment. Penn, EldoradoCaesars and Boyd are publicly traded companies that are subject to the informational filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are required to file periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Readers are directed to Penn, EldoradoCaesars and Boyd's respective websites for further financial information on these companies. Other than the Company's tenant concentration, management believes the Company's portfolio was reasonably diversified by geographical location and did not contain any other significant concentrations of credit risk. As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company's portfolio of 4451 properties is diversified by location across 1617 states.
Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, real estate loans and other loans receivable. The Company's policy is to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution and place investments with financial institutions evaluated as being creditworthy, or in short-term money market and tax-free bond funds which are exposed to minimal interest rate and credit risk. At times, the Company has bank deposits and overnight repurchase agreements that exceed federally-insured limits.

3.    New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

 Adopted in 2021

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). This ASU primarily provides new guidance for lessees on the accounting treatment of operating leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize assets and liabilities arising from operating leases on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also aligns lessor accounting with the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 606 of the Accounting Standards Codification. Generally speaking, ASU 2016-02 more significantly impacted the accounting for leases in which GLPI is the lessee by requiring the Company to record a right-of-use asset and lease liability on its consolidated balance sheet for these leases. The Company's accounting treatment of its triple-net tenant leases, which are the primary source of revenues to the Company, were not significantly impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-02, other than to eliminate the real estate tax gross-up discussed below.

In July 2018,March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11,2020-04, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11") which permits companies to apply the transition provisions of ASU 2016-02 at its effective date (i.e. comparative financial statements are not required). Furthermore, in December 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842):Narrow Scope Improvements for LessorsReference Rate Reform ("ASU 2018-20"2020-04"). ASU 2018-20 clarifiesReference rates such as London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") are widely used in a broad range of financial instruments and other agreements. Regulators and market participants in various jurisdictions have undertaken efforts, generally referred to as "reference rate reform", to eliminate certain reference rates and introduce new reference rates that lessor costs paid directly toare based on a third-party by a lessee on behalflarger and more liquid population of the lessorobservable transactions. The one month, three month, six month and twelve month LIBOR rates are no longer requiredexpected to be recognized indiscontinued as of June 30, 2023. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients for applying the lessor's financial statements. Therefore, uponguidance for contract modifications or other situations affected by reference rate reform, specifically addressing the accounting for modifications of contracts within the scope of ASC Topic 310 on receivables, ASC 470 on debt, and ASC 842 on leases and ASC subtopic 815-15 on embedded derivatives. The adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Companythis pronouncement had no longer grosses-up its financial statements for real estate taxes paid directly to third-parties by its tenants. The Company notes, however, that ground leases for which the tenant pays the landlord directlymaterial impact on the Company's behalf are still required to be grossed-up within its consolidated financial statements upon the adoptionConsolidated Financial Statements.


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Table of ASU 2016-02 as these are not considered lessor costs. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using the new transition option available under ASU 2018-11 and recorded right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities of $203 million on its consolidated balance sheet to represent its rights to underlying assets and its future lease obligations. Also in connection with the adoption of ASC 842 - Leases ("ASC 842"), the land rights recorded on balance sheet in conjunction with the Company's assumption of below market leases at the time it acquired the related land and building assets are now required to beContents

reported in the aggregate with the Company's operating lease right-of-use assets, reflected as right-of-use assets and land rights, net on the consolidated balance sheet. Furthermore, the Company elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things, did not require the Company to reassess the lease classification of its existing leases and the practical expedient related to land easements, which allowed the Company to bypass the reassessment of existing or expired land easements for the existence of a lease under ASC 842. See Note 7 for further disclosures related to the adoption of ASU 2016-02.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40: Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) ("ASU 2018-15"). This ASU clarifies that entities should follow the guidance for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software to account for implementation costs of cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. ASU 2018-15 does not change the accounting for the service component of a cloud computing arrangement. The Company adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 and does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-15 to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04. This ASU simplifies an entity's goodwill impairment test by eliminating Step 2 from the test. The new guidance also amends the definition of impairment to a condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its fair value. By eliminating Step 2 from the test, entities are no longer required to determine the implied fair value of goodwill by computing the fair value (at impairment testing date) of all assets and liabilities in a manner similar to that required in conjunction with business combinations. Upon the adoption of ASU 2017-04, an impairment charge is simply recorded as the difference between carrying value and fair value, when carrying value exceeds fair value. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020 and expects the new guidance to simplify the analysis required under its future goodwill impairment tests.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13. This ASU introduces a new model for estimating credit losses for certain types of financial instruments, including mortgage, real estate and other loans receivable, amongst other financial instruments.  ASU 2016-13 sets forth an "expected credit loss" impairment model to replace the current "incurred loss" method of recognizing credit losses, which is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timely recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 and did not record any allowances against its financial instruments subject to the new guidance.

4.    Real Estate Investments
 
Real estate investments, net, represent investments in 4250 rental properties and the corporate headquarters building and is summarized as follows:
 
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$3,141,646 $2,667,616 
Building and improvements6,311,573 6,030,482 
Construction in progress5,699 — 
Total real estate investments9,458,918 8,698,098 
Less accumulated depreciation(1,681,367)(1,410,940)
Real estate investments, net$7,777,551 $7,287,158 
 December 31,
2019		 December 31,
2018
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$2,552,285
 $2,552,475
Building and improvements5,749,211
 5,762,071
Total real estate investments8,301,496
 8,314,546
Less accumulated depreciation(1,200,941) (983,086)
Real estate investments, net$7,100,555
 $7,331,460


On June 30, 2019,The increase in real estate investments is primarily due to the Resorts Casino Tunica property was closed byacquisition of Dover Downs and Tropicana Evansville in a transaction with Bally's as well as the reclassification of the land associated with Tropicana Las Vegas from its own line item on the Company's tenant, resulting in the acceleration of $10.3 million of depreciation expense related to the building at this property. The net book value of this building is 0 at December 31, 2019. The Company entered intoConsolidated Balance Sheets as an agreement to terminatesell the long-term groundbuilding and lease the land back to Bally's was entered into and is expected to close in the second half of 2022. The building has been reclassified to assets held for this property, which will be effectivesale. Finally, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge during 2021 and leased back the real estate to Penn and Casino Queen, respectively. This resulted in February 2020, at which time such ground lease will be removed from the Penn Master Lease.an increase to real estate investments of $102.5 million. See Note 6 for further details on these transactions.



5.    Property and Equipment Used in Operations
 
Property and equipment used in operations, net, consists of the following and primarily represents the assets utilized at the TRS Propertiesfollowing. 
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$— $30,540 
Building and improvements— 117,333 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment (1)28,832 28,767 
Construction in progress— 474 
Total property and equipment28,832 177,114 
Less accumulated depreciation (1)(15,855)(96,496)
Property and equipment, net$12,977 $80,618 
 December 31,
2019		 December 31,
2018
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$30,492
 $30,431
Building and improvements116,904
 116,776
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment118,766
 117,247
Construction in progress120
 284
Total property and equipment266,282
 264,738
Less accumulated depreciation(172,202) (163,854)
Property and equipment, net$94,080
 $100,884


(1) The majority of the decline at December 31, 2021 compared to the prior year is related to the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. See Note 6 for further details.  

6. ReceivablesAssets Held for Sale

Real Estate Loans    As described in Note 1, the Company completed the sale of the operating assets at Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn for $31.1 million and the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen for $28.2 million during 2021. The operating assets of these two properties had been classified as assets held for sale at December 31, 2020. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $15.6 million ($11.3 million after-tax gain) on the sale of the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Perryville and a pre-tax gain of $6.8 million ($7.7 million after-tax loss) on the sale of the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge.

On April 13, 2021, Bally’s agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, Inc. for an aggregate cash acquisition price of $150 million. GLPI will retain ownership of the land and concurrently enter into a ground lease for 50 years with initial annual rent of $10.5 million. The ground lease will be supported by a Bally’s corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022. At December 31, 2019,2021, the Company has two loans,classified the proceeds building value
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of whichTropicana Las Vegas in Assets held for sale and the land value in Real estate investments, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet since the transaction is expected to close within 12 months of the most recent balance sheet date. At December 31, 2020, the Company classified the real property associated with Tropicana Las Vegas as a separate caption on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company's assets and liabilities held for sale were usedcomprised of the following at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (in thousands).

AssetsDecember 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
Property and equipment, used in operations, net— $8,780 
Real Estate Tropicana LV, net77,728 — 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net— 263 
Cash and cash equivalents— 22,131 
Prepaid expenses— 2,473 
Goodwill— 16,067 
Other intangible assets— 9,577 
Other assets— 2,157 
Total77,728 61,448 
Liabilities
Accounts payable— 8 
Accrued expenses— 3,387 
Accrued salaries and wages— 2,064 
Gaming, property and other taxes— 398 
Lease liabilities— 262 
Other liabilities— 710 
Total which is classified in Other Liabilities— 6,829 

The assets held for sale reside in the Company's TRS Segment. See Note 19 for the pre-tax income of this segment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

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7.    Acquisitions

The Company accounts for its acquisitions of real estate assets as asset acquisitions under ASC 805 - Business Combinations. Under asset acquisition accounting, transaction costs incurred to acquire the purchased assets are also included as part of the asset cost.

Current year acquisitions

As described in Note 1, the Company acquired the real estate byproperty assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, on December 29, 2021. The purchase price allocation of these assets and liabilities based on their fair values at the respective casino owner-operators. On Octoberacquisition date are summarized below (in thousands)


Investment in leases, financing receivables$1,213,896 
Lease Liabilities(53,309)
Total Purchase Price$1,160,587 

The table above excludes the reserve for financing receivables of $12.2 million that was recorded through the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.

As previously discussed in Note 1, 2018, Eldorado purchasedon June 3, 2021, the Company completed its previously announced transaction with Bally's in which the real estate assets of Lumière PlaceTropicana Evansville and Dover Downs Hotel & Casino were acquired. The final purchase price allocation of these assets based on their fair values at the acquisition date are summarized below (in thousands).

Land and improvements$219,579 
Building and improvements201,430 
Real estate investments, net421,009 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net101,813 
Lease liabilities(35,372)
Total purchase price$487,450 

Pending acquisitions

As discussed in Note 1, the Company anticipates closing of the acquisition of the assets comprising the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease from Cordish in early 2022 subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals and Hotel from Tropicanaother customary closing conditions. Total consideration of approximately $674 million will consist of 3.0 million OP Units and cash. Annual rent under the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will be $50 million and will have a 1.75% fixed yearly escalator on the entirety of rent commencing on the leases' second anniversary.

On April 13, 2021, the Company announced that it had entered into a binding term sheet with Bally's to acquire the real estate of Bally’s casino property in Black Hawk, CO and its recently acquired property in Rock Island, IL, in a transaction that is subject to regulatory approval. Total consideration for the acquisition is $150.0 million and the parties expect to add the properties to the Bally's Master Lease for incremental rent of $12 million. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022.

In addition, Bally’s has granted GLPI a right of first refusal to fund the real property acquisition or development project costs associated with any and all potential future transactions in Michigan, Maryland, New York and Virginia through one or more sale-leaseback or similar transactions for a term of 7 years.

On April 13, 2021, Bally’s also agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, Inc. for an aggregate cash purchaseacquisition price of $246.0$150 million. GLPI would retain ownership of the land and will concurrently enter into a ground lease for 50 years with initial annual rent of $10.5 million exclusiveThe ground lease will be supported by a Bally’s corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of transaction fees. Financing2022.
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Both GLPI and Bally’s have committed to a structure in which GLPI has the potential to acquire additional assets in sale-leaseback transactions to the extent Bally’s elects to utilize GLPI’s capital as a funding source for the transaction was provided by the Companyits proposed acquisition of Gamesys Group plc ("Gamesys"). The $500 million commitment provides Bally’s alternative financing which, in GLPI’s sole discretion, may be funded in the form of $246.0equity, additional prepaid sale-leaseback transactions or secured loans. However, on July 26, 2021, Bally's announced that as a result of better than expected operating performance at its land-based retail casinos and interactive businesses, it does not plan to draw on this commitment to fund the Gamesys acquisition.

Prior year acquisitions

As previously discussed in Note 1, the impact of COVID-19 resulted in casino-wide closures by all of our tenants. As a result of COVID-19, on April 16, 2020, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries acquired the real property associated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for $307.5 million of rent credits, which were fully utilized in 2020 for rent due under the parties' existing leases.

The Company recorded an initial land and building value of $226.2 million and $81.3 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020 depreciation expense of $2.7 million was recorded. Additionally, deferred rent of $307.5 million was recorded at the acquisition date, which was fully recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Tropicana Las Vegas assets are summarized below.

December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Land and improvements$226,160 
Building and improvements81,340 
Total real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas307,500 
Less accumulated depreciation(2,669)
Real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas , net$304,831 

On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits which were fully utilized by Penn in the fourth quarter of 2020.The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn pursuant to the Morgantown Lease for an initial annual rent of $3.0 million, subject to escalation provisions following the opening of the property.


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On October 27, 2020, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement with subsidiaries of Caesars that own, respectively, Waterloo and Bettendorf. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate loan (the "Eldorado Loan"). The Eldorado Loan bears interest at a rate equal to (i) 9.09% until October 1, 2019 and (ii) 9.27% until its maturity. On the one-year anniversaryassets of the Eldorado Loan,Waterloo and Bettendorf properties in exchange for the mortgage evidencedtransfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of the Tropicana Evansville, plus a deedcash payment of trust$5.7 million.The exchange transaction closed on December 18, 2020, which resulted in the Waterloo and Bettendorf facilities being added to the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and the rent increased by $0.5 million annually. The Company recorded a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 related to the transaction, which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment of $5.7 million. The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired in the Exchange Agreement and the carrying value of the Tropicana Evansville assets that were transferred to Caesars. (in thousands):

BettendorfWaterlooTotal
Land$29,636 $64,262 $93,898 
Building and improvements85,150 77,958 163,108 
Total real estate investments$114,786 $142,220 $257,006 
Less: Evansville Land and improvements(47,439)
Less: Evansville Buildings and improvements, net(136,858)
Less: Evansville Right of use assets and land rights, net(55,456)
Add: Evansville, Operating Lease Liabilities29,795 


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8. Investment in leases, financing receivables, net and other receivables


In connection with the Maryland Live! Lease that became effective on December 29, 2021, the Company recorded an investment in leases, financing receivables, net, as the sale lease back transaction was accounted for as a failed sale leaseback. The following is a summary of the balances of the Company's investment in leases, financing receivables.


December 31,
2021
(in thousands)
Minimum lease payments receivable$4,012,937 
Estimated residual values of lease property (unguaranteed)601,947 
Gross investment in leases, financing receivables4,614,884 
Less: Unearned income(3,400,988)
Less: Allowance for credit losses(12,226)
Net Investment in leases, financing receivables$1,201,670 

The net investment in the lease payment receivable and unguaranteed residual value at December 31, 2021 was $1,178.0 million and $35.9 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2021, minimum lease payments owed to us for each of the five succeeding years under the Company's financing receivables was as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Future Minimum Lease Payments
2022$77,200 
202377,222 
202377,244 
202578,579 
202679,937 
Thereafter3,622,755 
Total$4,012,937 

The rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for the Company's financing receivables is illustrated below.

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$— 
Provision for expected credit losses12,226 
Ending balance at December 31, 2021$12,226 

Real Estate Loans

As discussed in Note 1, the Company historically had the CZR loan outstanding which was utilized by Caesars in connection with its acquisition of Lumière Place. On June 24, 2020, the Company received approval from the Missouri Gaming Commission to own the Lumière Place property terminated and the loan became unsecured and will remain unsecured until its final maturity on the two-year anniversaryreal estate in satisfaction of the closing. The parties anticipate that the Eldorado Loan will be fully repaid on or prior to maturity by way of substitution of one or more additional Eldorado properties acceptable to Eldorado and the Company, which will be transferredCZR loan, subject to the CompanyLumière Place Lease, and added to the Eldorado Master Lease.closed this transaction on September 29, 2020.

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On October 15, 2018, Boyd purchased the real estate assets of Belterra Park from Pinnacle for a cash purchase price of $57.7 million, exclusive of transaction fees. Financing for the transaction was provided by the Company in the form of $57.7 million secured mortgage loan onthe Belterra Park (the "Belterra Park Loan").Loan. The Belterra Park Loan's initial interest rate was equal to 11.11% and the loan maturesmatured in connection with the expiration of the Boyd Master Lease (as may be extended at the tenant's option to April 30, 2051). At December 31, 2019,In May 2020, the interest rate onCompany acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, had increasedsubject to 11.20%.the Belterra Park Lease.

At December 31, 2019, the Company does not have any allowances recorded against its real estate loans as the collection of the remaining principal and interest payments is reasonable assured.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all cash balances and highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.
Other Loans ReceivableAssets

Other assets primarily consists of accounts receivable and deferred compensation plan assets (See Note 13 for further details on the deferred compensation plan). Other assets also include deferred taxes and prepaid expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received. These amounts are deferred and charged to operations as the benefits are realized and primarily consist of prepayments for insurance, property taxes and other contracts that will be expensed during the subsequent year.
In January 2014,Debt Issuance Costs and Bond Premiums and Discounts
Debt issuance costs that are incurred by the Company completedin connection with the asset acquisitionissuance of debt are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the real propertyunderlying indebtedness. In accordance with ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, the Company records long-term debt net of unamortized debt issuance costs on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Similarly, the Company records long-term debt net of any unamortized bond premiums and original issuance discounts on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any original issuance discounts or bond premiums are also amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the underlying indebtedness.
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the Casino Queeninputs used to measure their fair value. ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820") establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for
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the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach, and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are described below:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in East St. Louis, Illinois. GLPIactive markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. 

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

        The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for our investments in leases under ASC 842. Upon lease inception or lease modification, we assess lease classification to determine whether the lease should be classified as a sales-type, direct financing or operating lease. As required by ASC 842, we separately assess the land and building components of the property back to Casino Queen ondetermine the classification of each component. If the lease component is determined to be a triple-net basis on terms similar to thosesales-type lease or direct financing lease, we record a net investment in the Company's existing master leases. The lease, has an initial termwhich is equal to the sum of 15 yearsthe lease receivable and the tenant has an option to renew itunguaranteed residual asset, discounted at the same termsrate implicit in the lease. Any difference between the fair value of the asset and conditions for 4 successive 5-year periods (the "Casino Queen Lease").  

Simultaneouslythe net investment in the lease is considered selling profit or loss and is either recognized upon execution of the lease or deferred and recognized over the life of the lease, depending on the classification of the lease. Since we purchase properties and simultaneously enter into new leases directly with the Casino Queen acquisition, GLPI provided Casino Queen with a $43.0 million, five-year term loan at 7% interest, pre-payable at any time, which, together withtenants, the sale proceeds, completely refinanced and retired all of Casino Queen’s outstanding long-term debt obligations. On March 13, 2017,net investment in the outstanding principal and interest on this loan was repaid in full and GLPI simultaneously provided a new unsecured $13.0 million, 5.5-year term loan (the "Casino Queen Loan") to CQ Holding Company, Inc., an affiliate of Casino Queen ("CQ Holding Company"), to partially finance its acquisition of Lady Luck Casino in Marquette, Iowa. The Casino Queen Loan bears an interest rate of 15% andlease is pre-payable at any time.

On June 12, 2018, the Company received a Notice of Event of Default under the senior credit agreement of CQ Holding Company from the secured lender under such agreement, which reported a covenant default under its senior secured agreement. Under the terms of that agreement, when an event of default occurs, CQ Holding Company is prohibited from

making cash payments to unsecured lenders such as GLPI. Therefore, beginning in June 2018 and through December 31, 2019, the interest due from CQ Holding Company under the Company's unsecured loan was paid in kind. In additiongenerally equal to the covenant violation noted above under its senior credit agreement, CQ Holding Company also had a payment default under the senior credit agreement. Furthermore, the Company notified Casino Queen of events of default under the Company's unsecured loan with CQ Holding Company, related to financial covenant violations during the year ended December 31, 2018.
At December 31, 2018, active negotiations for the sale of Casino Queen's operations were taking place. Despite the payment and covenant defaults noted above, at that time, full paymentpurchase price of the principal was still expected,asset, and, due to the anticipation thatlong term nature of our leases, the operations wereland and building components of an investment generally have the same lease classification.
The Company recognizes the related income from our financing receivables using an effective interest rate at a constant rate over the term of the applicable leases. As a result, the cash payments received under financing receivables will not equal the income recognized for accounting purposes. Rather, a portion of the cash rent the Company will receive is recorded as interest income with the remainder as a change to be soldfinancing receivables. Initial direct costs incurred in connection with entering into financing receivables are included in the near term for an amount allowing for repaymentbalance of the full $13.0 millionfinancing receivables. Such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to interest income from financing receivables over the term of loan principal duethe lease using the effective interest rate method. Costs that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was signed, such as legal fees and certain other third party fees, are expensed as incurred.

The Company recognizes rental revenue from tenants, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractually fixed increases attributable to GLPI. However,operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the paid-in-kind interest dueterm of the related leases when collectability is reasonably assured in accordance with ASC 842. Additionally, percentage rent that is fixed and determinable at the lease inception date is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term, resulting in the recognition of deferred rental revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred rental revenue is amortized to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the remainder of the lease term. The lease term includes the initial non-cancelable lease term and any reasonably assured renewable periods. Contingent rental income that is not fixed and determinable at lease inception is recognized only when the lessee achieves the specified target. Recognition of rental income commences when control of the facility has been transferred to the Company at December 31, 2018 was not expected to be collected, resultingtenant.

Additionally, in an impairment charge of $1.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company did not recognize the paid-in-kind interest income due toaccordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the quarter ended December 31, 2018ground lease rent paid by its tenants with an offsetting expense in land rights and took a charge for the previously recognized paid-in-kind interest income through the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings as a reversal of the paid-in-kind interest income recognized earlier in the year.
During 2019, the operating results of Casino Queen continued to decline, the secured debt of Casino Queen was sold to a third-party casino operator at a discount and the Company no longer expected the loan to be repaid. Thus, because the Company did not expect Casino Queen to be able to repay the $13.0 million of principal due to the Company under the Casino Queen Loan, the full $13.0 million of principal was written off at March 31, 2019. The Company has recorded an impairment charge of $13.0 million throughground lease expense within the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2019 to reflect the write-off of the Casino Queen Loan.
At December 31, 2019, all lease payments due from Casino Queen remain current, however Casino Queen was in violation of the rent coverage ratio required under its lease withas the Company andhas concluded that as the Company provided notice and a reservation of rights to Casino Queen and its secured lenders of such default.

7. Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities

Lease Assets

lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company is subject to various operating leases as lessee for both real estate and equipment, the majority of which aresubleases these ground leases related to properties the Company leasesback to its tenants, under triple-net operating leases. These ground leases may include fixed rent, as well as variable rent based upon an individual property’s performance or changes in an index such as the CPI and have maturity dates ranging from 2028 to 2108, when considering all renewal options. For certain of these ground leases, the Company’s tenantswho are responsible for payment directly to the third-party landlord. Under ASC 842,
The Company may periodically loan funds to casino owner-operators for the Companypurchase of gaming related real estate. Interest income related to real estate loans is requiredrecorded as revenue from real estate within the Company's consolidated statements of income in the period earned.
Gaming revenue generated by the TRS Properties mainly consists of revenue from slot machines and to gross-up its consolidated financial statementsa lesser extent, table game and poker revenue. Gaming revenue from slot machines is the aggregate net difference between gaming wins and losses with liabilities recognized for these ground leasesfunds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs, for "ticket-in, ticket-out" coupons in the customers’ possession, and for accruals related to the anticipated payout of progressive jackpots. Progressive
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slot machines, which contain base jackpots that increase at a progressive rate based on the number of coins played, are charged to revenue as the amount of the jackpots increase. Table game gaming revenue is the aggregate of table drop adjusted for the change in aggregate table chip inventory. Table drop is the total dollar amount of the currency, coins, chips, tokens, outstanding counter checks (markers), and front money that are removed from the live gaming tables. Gaming revenue is recognized net of certain sales incentives, including promotional allowances in accordance with ASC 606 - Revenues from Contracts with Customers. The Company is consideredalso defers a portion of the primary obligor. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, the Company recorded right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet to represent its rights to use the underlying leased assets and its future lease obligations, respectively, including for those ground leases paid directly by our tenants. Because the right-of-use asset relates, in part, to the same leases which resultedrevenue received from customers (who participate in the land right assets the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet in conjunction with the Company's assumption of below market leasespoints-based loyalty programs) at the time it acquiredof play until a later period when the related land and building assets, the Company is required to report the right-of-use assets and land rights in the aggregate on the consolidated balance sheet.

Land rights, net represent the Company's rights to land subject to long-term ground leases. The Company obtained ground lease rights through the acquisition of several of its rental properties and immediately subleased the land to its tenants. These land rights represent the below market value of the related ground leases. The Company assessed the acquired ground leases to determine if the lease terms were favorablepoints are redeemed or unfavorable, given market conditionsforfeited. Other revenues at the acquisition date. BecauseTRS Properties are derived from the market rents to be received under the Company's triple-net tenant leases were greater than the rents to be paid under the acquired ground leases, the Company concluded that the ground leases were below marketproperties' dining, retail and were therefore required to be recordedcertain other ancillary activities and revenue for these activities is recognized as a definite lived asset (land rights) on its books.

Components of the Company's right-of use assets and land rights, netservices are detailed below (in thousands):
 December 31, 2019
Right-of use assets - operating leases$184,063
Land rights, net654,671
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net$838,734



On June 30, 2019, the Resorts Casino Tunica property was closed by the Company's tenant, resulting in the acceleration of $6.3 million of land right amortization expense related to the long-term ground lease at this property and bringing the net book value of this land right to 0 at December 31, 2019. Subsequent to the property's closure, the Company entered into an agreement to terminate the long-term ground lease for the Resorts Casino Tunica property, which will be effective in February 2020. In connection with the exercised termination option, the Company remeasured the lease liability and adjusted the right-of-use asset it had recorded on its consolidated balance sheet for this lease to align with the new termination date.

Land Rights

The land rights are amortized over the individual lease term of the related ground lease, including all renewal options, which ranged from 10 years to 92 years at their respective acquisition dates. Land rights net, consist of the following:

 December 31,
2019		 December 31,
2018
 (in thousands)
Land rights$694,077
 $700,997
Less accumulated amortization(39,406) (27,790)
Land rights, net$654,671
 $673,207


performed. As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company no longer operates gaming assets and therefore gaming revenue will no longer be recorded.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company follows ASC 326 “Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”), which requires that the Company measure and record current expected credit losses (“CECL”), the scope of which includes our Investments in leases - financing receivables and real estate loans. The Company's adoption of Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 did not result in the Company recording any allowances against its real estate loans for expected losses.

We have elected to use an econometric default and loss rate model to estimate the Allowance for credit losses, or CECL allowance. This model requires us to calculate and input lease and property-specific credit and performance metrics which in conjunction with forward-looking economic forecasts, project estimated future amortization expensecredit losses over the life of the lease or loan. The Company then records a CECL allowance based on the expected loss rate multiplied by the outstanding investment in lease balance.

Expected losses within our cash flows are determined by estimating the probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) of our Investment in lease, financing receivable related to our Maryland Live! Lease. We have engaged a nationally recognized data analytics firm to assist us with estimating both the Company’s land rightsPD and LGD for this financing receivable. The PD and LGD are estimated during the initial term of the lease. The PD and LGD estimates for the lease term were developed using current financial condition forecasts. The PD and LGD predictive model was developed using the average historical default rates and historical loss rates, respectively, of over 100,000 commercial real estate loans dating back to 1998 that have similar credit profiles or characteristics to the real estate underlying the Company's financing receivable. Management will monitor the credit risk related to its financing receivable by fiscal year isobtaining the rent coverage on the Maryland Live! Lease on a periodic basis. The Company also monitors legislative changes to assess whether it would have an impact on the underlying performance of its tenant. We are unable to use our historical data to estimate losses as follows (in thousands):the Company has no loss history to date on its lease portfolio. Our tenants are current on all of their rental obligations as of December 31, 2021.

Year ending December 31, 
2020$12,081
202112,081
202212,081
202312,081
202412,081
Thereafter594,266
Total$654,671


The CECL allowance is recorded as a reduction to our net Investments in leases - financing receivable, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We are required to update our CECL allowance on a quarterly basis with the resulting change being recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. Finally, each time the Company makes a new investment in an asset subject to ASC 326, we will be required to record an initial CECL allowance for such asset, which will result in a non-cash charge to the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. See Note 8 for further information.
Lease Liabilities

AtCharge-offs are deducted from the allowance in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries previously written off are recorded when received. The Company recorded a recovery of $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, maturities2021 for the settlement of a loan that had been previously written off to Casino Queen.

Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's Amended 2013 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2013 Plan") provides for the Company to issue restricted stock awards, including performance-based restricted stock awards, and other equity or cash based awards to employees. Any director, employee or consultant shall be eligible to receive such awards.
The Company accounts for stock compensation under ASC 718 - Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. This expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period following the date of grant. The fair value of the Company's operating lease liabilities weretime-based restricted stock awards is equivalent to the closing stock price on the day prior to grant. The Company utilizes a third-party valuation firm to measure the fair value of performance-based restricted stock awards at grant date using the Monte Carlo model.
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The unrecognized compensation cost relating to restricted stock awards and performance-based restricted stock awards is recognized as follows (in thousands):expense over the awards’ remaining vesting periods. See Note 15 for further information related to stock-based compensation.

Income Taxes
Year ending December 31, 
2020$14,071
202113,766
202213,659
202313,638
202413,617
Thereafter644,059
Total lease payments$712,810
Less: interest(528,839)
Present value of lease liabilities$183,971


The TRS Segment is able to engage in activities resulting in income that would not be qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of transitioning from the Company which occur within its TRS Segment are subject to federal and state income taxes. 
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 - Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and are measured at the prevailing enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences are settled or realized. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realizability of the deferred tax assets is evaluated by assessing the valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of the allowance, if any, as necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the forecast of future taxable income.
ASC 740 also creates a single model to address uncertainty in tax positions, and clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in an enterprise's financial statements. It also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in ASC 840 to ASC 842, the Company's annual minimum lease paymentsinterim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company did not change.have any uncertain tax positions for the three years ended December 31, 2021.




Lease Expense

Operating lease costs representThe Company is required under ASC 740 to disclose its accounting policy for classifying interest and penalties, the entire amount of interest and penalties charged to expense recognized for operating leases that are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Variable lease costs are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and include both lease payments tied to a property's performance and changes in an index such as the CPI that are not determinable at lease commencement, while short-term lease costs are costs for those operating leases with a term of 12 months or less.

The components of lease expense were as follows:
 Year Ended December 31, 2019
 (in thousands)
Operating lease cost$15,482
Variable lease cost9,048
Short-term lease cost1,060
Amortization of land right assets18,536
Total lease cost$44,126


Amortization expense related to the land right intangibles,each period, as well as variable lease coststhe cumulative amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If and when they occur, the majority of the Company's operating lease costs are recordedCompany will classify any income tax-related penalties and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in taxes on income within land rights and ground lease expense in the consolidated statements of income. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized no penalties and interest, net of deferred income taxes.
The Company elected on its U.S. federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT and the Company, together with an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas, elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a “taxable REIT subsidiary”. Finally, in advance of the UPREIT Transaction, the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021.
The Company continues to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit the Company to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to shareholders. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal, state or local income tax on income that it distributes as dividends to its shareholders, except in those jurisdictions that do not allow a deduction for such distributions. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Company in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect the Company's short-term lease costsnet income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless the Company was entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, the Company also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which it failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
Earnings Per Share
The Company calculates earnings per share ("EPS") in accordance with ASC 260 - Earnings Per Share. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding net income attributable to participating securities (unvested restricted stock awards). Diluted EPS reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities such as stock options, unvested restricted shares and unvested performance-based restricted shares. The effect of the conversion of the Operating Partnership ("OP") units to common shares is excluded from the computation on basic and diluted earnings per share because all net income attributable to the Noncontrolling interest holders are recorded as income attributable to non-controlling interests, thus is excluded from net income available to common shareholders. See Note 17 for further details on the Company's earnings per share calculations.

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Segment Information
Consistent with how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (as such term is defined in both gaming, food, beverageASC 280 - Segment Reporting) reviews and other expenseassesses the Company’s financial performance, the Company has 2 reportable segments, GLP Capital, L.P. (a consolidated subsidiary of GLPI through which GLPI owns substantially all of its real estate assets) and generalthe TRS Segment. The GLP Capital reportable segment consists of the leased real property and administrative expenserepresents the majority of the Company’s business. The TRS Segment consists of Hollywood Casino Perryville (until July 1, 2021 and subsequent to this date includes rental income from the Perryville Lease) and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge (until December 17, 2021), as well as the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas. The Company anticipates completing a transaction in the consolidated statementsnear future related to Tropicana Las Vegas. As such in 2022, the Company expects to have one reportable segment. See Note 19 for further information with respect to the Company’s segments.
Concentration of income, whileCredit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a small portionnumber of operating lease costs is also recorded in both gaming, food, beverage and other expense and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income. Amortization expenseoperators, tenants, or obligors related to the Company's investments are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. Additionally, concentrations of credit risk may arise when revenues of the Company are derived from a small number of tenants. As of December 31, 2021, substantially all of the Company's real estate properties were leased to Penn, Caesars and Boyd. During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 75%, 11% and 10% of the Company's collective income from real estate was derived from tenant leases with Penn, Caesars and Boyd, respectively. Revenues from our tenants are reported in the Company's GLP Capital, L.P. reportable segment. Penn, Caesars and Boyd are publicly traded companies that are subject to the informational filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are required to file periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Readers are directed to Penn, Caesars and Boyd's respective websites for further financial information on these companies. Other than the Company's tenant concentration, management believes the Company's portfolio was reasonably diversified by geographical location and did not contain any other significant concentrations of credit risk. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's portfolio of 51 properties is diversified by location across 17 states.
Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, real estate loans and other loans receivable. The Company's policy is to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution and place investments with financial institutions evaluated as being creditworthy, or in short-term money market and tax-free bond funds which are exposed to minimal interest rate and credit risk. At times, the Company has bank deposits and overnight repurchase agreements that exceed federally-insured limits.

3.    New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2021

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform ("ASU 2020-04"). Reference rates such as London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") are widely used in a broad range of financial instruments and other agreements. Regulators and market participants in various jurisdictions have undertaken efforts, generally referred to as "reference rate reform", to eliminate certain reference rates and introduce new reference rates that are based on a larger and more liquid population of observable transactions. The one month, three month, six month and twelve month LIBOR rates are expected to be discontinued as of June 30, 2023. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients for applying the guidance for contract modifications or other situations affected by reference rate reform, specifically addressing the accounting for modifications of contracts within the scope of ASC Topic 310 on receivables, ASC 470 on debt, and ASC 842 on leases and ASC subtopic 815-15 on embedded derivatives. The adoption of this pronouncement had no material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.


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4.Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments, net, represent investments in 50 rental properties and the corporate headquarters building and is summarized as follows:
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$3,141,646 $2,667,616 
Building and improvements6,311,573 6,030,482 
Construction in progress5,699 — 
Total real estate investments9,458,918 8,698,098 
Less accumulated depreciation(1,681,367)(1,410,940)
Real estate investments, net$7,777,551 $7,287,158 

The increase in real estate investments is primarily due to the acquisition of Dover Downs and Tropicana Evansville in a transaction with Bally's as well as the reclassification of the land right intangibles totaled $11.3associated with Tropicana Las Vegas from its own line item on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as an agreement to sell the building and lease the land back to Bally's was entered into and is expected to close in the second half of 2022. The building has been reclassified to assets held for sale. Finally, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge during 2021 and leased back the real estate to Penn and Casino Queen, respectively. This resulted in an increase to real estate investments of $102.5 million. See Note 6 for further details on these transactions.


5.Property and Equipment Used in Operations
Property and equipment used in operations, net, consists of the following. 
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$— $30,540 
Building and improvements— 117,333 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment (1)28,832 28,767 
Construction in progress— 474 
Total property and equipment28,832 177,114 
Less accumulated depreciation (1)(15,855)(96,496)
Property and equipment, net$12,977 $80,618 

(1) The majority of the decline at December 31, 2021 compared to the prior year is related to the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. See Note 6 for further details.  

6. Assets Held for Sale

    As described in Note 1, the Company completed the sale of the operating assets at Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn for $31.1 million and $10.4the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen for $28.2 million during 2021. The operating assets of these two properties had been classified as assets held for sale at December 31, 2020. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $15.6 million ($11.3 million after-tax gain) on the sale of the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Perryville and a pre-tax gain of $6.8 million ($7.7 million after-tax loss) on the sale of the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge.

On April 13, 2021, Bally’s agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, Inc. for an aggregate cash acquisition price of $150 million. GLPI will retain ownership of the land and concurrently enter into a ground lease for 50 years with initial annual rent of $10.5 million. The ground lease will be supported by a Bally’s corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022. At December 31, 2021, the Company classified the building value
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of Tropicana Las Vegas in Assets held for sale and the land value in Real estate investments, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet since the transaction is expected to close within 12 months of the most recent balance sheet date. At December 31, 2020, the Company classified the real property associated with Tropicana Las Vegas as a separate caption on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company's assets and liabilities held for sale were comprised of the following at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (in thousands).

AssetsDecember 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
Property and equipment, used in operations, net— $8,780 
Real Estate Tropicana LV, net77,728 — 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net— 263 
Cash and cash equivalents— 22,131 
Prepaid expenses— 2,473 
Goodwill— 16,067 
Other intangible assets— 9,577 
Other assets— 2,157 
Total77,728 61,448 
Liabilities
Accounts payable— 8 
Accrued expenses— 3,387 
Accrued salaries and wages— 2,064 
Gaming, property and other taxes— 398 
Lease liabilities— 262 
Other liabilities— 710 
Total which is classified in Other Liabilities— 6,829 

The assets held for sale reside in the Company's TRS Segment. See Note 19 for the pre-tax income of this segment for the years ended December 31, 20182021, 2020 and 2017. Other lease2019.

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7.    Acquisitions

The Company accounts for its acquisitions of real estate assets as asset acquisitions under ASC 805 - Business Combinations. Under asset acquisition accounting, transaction costs totaled $18.9incurred to acquire the purchased assets are also included as part of the asset cost.

Current year acquisitions

As described in Note 1, the Company acquired the real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, on December 29, 2021. The purchase price allocation of these assets and liabilities based on their fair values at the acquisition date are summarized below (in thousands)


Investment in leases, financing receivables$1,213,896 
Lease Liabilities(53,309)
Total Purchase Price$1,160,587 

The table above excludes the reserve for financing receivables of $12.2 million and $15.8 million, respectively,that was recorded through the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20182021.

As previously discussed in Note 1, on June 3, 2021, the Company completed its previously announced transaction with Bally's in which the real estate assets of Tropicana Evansville and 2017.Dover Downs Hotel & Casino were acquired. The final purchase price allocation of these assets based on their fair values at the acquisition date are summarized below (in thousands).

Supplemental Disclosures Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company's operating leases was as follows:
Land and improvementsDecember 31, 2019$219,579 
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leasesBuilding and improvements53.51 years201,430 
Weighted average discount rate - operating leasesReal estate investments, net6.7%421,009 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net101,813 
Lease liabilities(35,372)
Total purchase price$487,450 


Pending acquisitions
Supplemental cash flow information related
As discussed in Note 1, the Company anticipates closing of the acquisition of the assets comprising the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease from Cordish in early 2022 subject to the Company's operating leases was as follows:
 Year Ended December 31, 2019
 (in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of leases liabilities: 
  Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)
$2,226
  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations: 
   Operating leases$293

receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. Total consideration of approximately $674 million will consist of 3.0 million OP Units and cash. Annual rent under the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will be $50 million and will have a 1.75% fixed yearly escalator on the entirety of rent commencing on the leases' second anniversary.
(1)
The Company's cash paid for operating leases
On April 13, 2021, the Company announced that it had entered into a binding term sheet with Bally's to acquire the real estate of Bally’s casino property in Black Hawk, CO and its recently acquired property in Rock Island, IL, in a transaction that is significantly less than the lease costsubject to regulatory approval. Total consideration for the same period dueacquisition is $150.0 million and the parties expect to add the properties to the majorityBally's Master Lease for incremental rent of $12 million. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022.

In addition, Bally’s has granted GLPI a right of first refusal to fund the real property acquisition or development project costs associated with any and all potential future transactions in Michigan, Maryland, New York and Virginia through one or more sale-leaseback or similar transactions for a term of 7 years.

On April 13, 2021, Bally’s also agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, Inc. for an aggregate cash acquisition price of $150 million. GLPI would retain ownership of the Company'sland and will concurrently enter into a ground lease for 50 years with initial annual rent being paid directlyof $10.5 million The ground lease will be supported by a Bally’s corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022.
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Both GLPI and Bally’s have committed to a structure in which GLPI has the potential to acquire additional assets in sale-leaseback transactions to the landlords by the Company's tenants. Although GLPI expends no cash relatedextent Bally’s elects to these leases, they are required toutilize GLPI’s capital as a funding source for its proposed acquisition of Gamesys Group plc ("Gamesys"). The $500 million commitment provides Bally’s alternative financing which, in GLPI’s sole discretion, may be grossed upfunded in the Company's financial statements under ASC 842.form of equity, additional prepaid sale-leaseback transactions or secured loans. However, on July 26, 2021, Bally's announced that as a result of better than expected operating performance at its land-based retail casinos and interactive businesses, it does not plan to draw on this commitment to fund the Gamesys acquisition.


Prior year acquisitions

8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is an asset representingAs previously discussed in Note 1, the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquiredimpact of COVID-19 resulted in casino-wide closures by all of our tenants. As a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The only goodwillresult of COVID-19, on April 16, 2020, the Company isand certain of its subsidiaries acquired the goodwill recorded on the books of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, in connection with Penn's purchase of this entity prior to the Spin-

Off. The original assets and liabilities of GLPI, including goodwill and intangible assets were recorded at their respective historical carrying values at the time of the Spin-Off in accordancereal property associated with the provisionsTropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for $307.5 million of ASC 505. There is no goodwill recorded onrent credits, which were fully utilized in 2020 for rent due under the Company's GLP Capital segment, which holds the Company's REIT operations.parties' existing leases.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 TRS Properties Business Segment
 (in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017$75,521
    Acquisitions—
    Impairment losses(59,454)
Balance at December 31, 2018$16,067
    Acquisitions—
    Impairment losses—
Balance at December 31, 2019$16,067


The Company recorded an initial land and building value of $226.2 million and $81.3 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020 depreciation expense of $2.7 million was recorded. Additionally, deferred rent of $307.5 million was recorded at the acquisition date, which was fully recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Tropicana Las Vegas assets are summarized below.

December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Land and improvements$226,160 
Building and improvements81,340 
Total real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas307,500 
Less accumulated depreciation(2,669)
Real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas , net$304,831 

On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits which were fully utilized by Penn in the fourth quarter of 2020.The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn pursuant to the Morgantown Lease for an initial annual rent of $3.0 million, subject to escalation provisions following the opening of the property.


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On October 27, 2020, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement with subsidiaries of Caesars that own, respectively, Waterloo and Bettendorf. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of the Waterloo and Bettendorf properties in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of the Tropicana Evansville, plus a cash payment of $5.7 million.The exchange transaction closed on December 18, 2020, which resulted in the Waterloo and Bettendorf facilities being added to the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and the rent increased by $0.5 million annually. The Company recorded a goodwill impairment chargenon-cash gain of $59.5$41.4 million in connection with its operations at Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. This charge was driven by general market deterioration in the Baton Rouge region and the smoking ban at all Baton Rouge, Louisiana casinos that went into effect during the secondfourth quarter of 2018, both of2020 related to the transaction, which significantly impactedrepresented the Company's forecasted cash flows for this reporting unit. Subsequent to conducting its impairment tests on other long-lived assets, including the gaming license described below, the Company performed Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, which indicated a potential impairment. Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test involved the determination ofdifference between the fair value of the Baton Rouge reporting unit and its comparisonproperties received compared to the reporting unit's carrying amount. Using a discounted cash flow model, which relied on projected EBITDA to determine the reporting unit's future cash flows, the Company calculated a fair value that was less than the reporting unit's carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and proceeded to Step 2. In Step 2the cash payment of the goodwill impairment test, the Company performed a fair value allocation as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and assigned$5.7 million. The following table summarizes the fair value of the reporting unit calculatedassets acquired in Step 1 to all assetsthe Exchange Agreement and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets. Any residual fair value was allocated to goodwill to arrive at the implied fair value of goodwill. After completing the Step 2 allocation, the Company determined the goodwill on its Baton Rouge reporting unit had an implied fair value of $16.1 million and recorded the impairment charge of $59.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2018.

In accordance with ASC 350, the Company considers its gaming license at the Hollywood Casino Perryville property an indefinite-lived intangible asset that does not require amortization based on the Company's future expectations to operate this casino indefinitely, as well as the gaming industry's historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various state gaming commissions. Rather, the Company's gaming license is tested annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, for impairment by comparing the faircarrying value of the recorded assetTropicana Evansville assets that were transferred to its carrying amount. IfCaesars. (in thousands):

BettendorfWaterlooTotal
Land$29,636 $64,262 $93,898 
Building and improvements85,150 77,958 163,108 
Total real estate investments$114,786 $142,220 $257,006 
Less: Evansville Land and improvements(47,439)
Less: Evansville Buildings and improvements, net(136,858)
Less: Evansville Right of use assets and land rights, net(55,456)
Add: Evansville, Operating Lease Liabilities29,795 


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8. Investment in leases, financing receivables, net and other receivables


In connection with the carrying amount of the indefinite-life intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Hollywood Casino Perryville's gaming license will expire in September 2025, fifteen years from the casino's opening date. The Company expects to expense any costs related to the gaming license renewal as incurred. The Company conducted its annual impairment assessment of the gaming licenseMaryland Live! Lease that became effective on October 1, 2019 using the Greenfield Method which estimates the fair value of the gaming license assumingDecember 29, 2021, the Company builtrecorded an investment in leases, financing receivables, net, as the sale lease back transaction was accounted for as a casino with similar utility to that of the existing facility. This method also assumes a theoretical start-up company going into business without any assets other than the intangible asset being valued. Based upon these assumptions and the Company's current forecasted cash flows for this reporting unit, the gaming license was not impaired. At both December 31, 2019 and 2018, the gaming license had a carrying value of $9.6 million.


9.Long-term Debt
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and unamortized debt issuance costs is as follows: 
 December 31,
2019		 December 31,
2018
 (in thousands)
Unsecured $1,175 million revolver$46,000
 $402,000
Unsecured term loan A-1449,000
 525,000
$1,000 million 4.875% senior unsecured notes due November 2020215,174
 1,000,000
$400 million 4.375% senior unsecured notes due April 2021400,000
 400,000
$500 million 5.375% senior unsecured notes due November 2023500,000
 500,000
$400 million 3.35% senior unsecured notes due September 2024400,000
 —
$850 million 5.250% senior unsecured notes due June 2025850,000
 850,000
$975 million 5.375% senior unsecured notes due April 2026975,000
 975,000
$500 million 5.750% senior unsecured notes due June 2028500,000
 500,000
$750 million 5.30% senior unsecured notes due January 2029750,000
 750,000
$700 million 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2030700,000
 —
Finance lease liability989
 1,112
Total long-term debt5,786,163
 5,903,112
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts(48,201) (49,615)
Total long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts$5,737,962
 $5,853,497


failed sale leaseback. The following is a schedulesummary of future minimum repaymentsthe balances of long-term debt asthe Company's investment in leases, financing receivables.


December 31,
2021
(in thousands)
Minimum lease payments receivable$4,012,937 
Estimated residual values of lease property (unguaranteed)601,947 
Gross investment in leases, financing receivables4,614,884 
Less: Unearned income(3,400,988)
Less: Allowance for credit losses(12,226)
Net Investment in leases, financing receivables$1,201,670 

The net investment in the lease payment receivable and unguaranteed residual value at December 31, 2019 (in thousands): 2021 was $1,178.0 million and $35.9 million, respectively.

2020$215,303
2021849,135
2022142
2023546,149
2024400,156
Over 5 years3,775,278
Total minimum payments$5,786,163


Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

The Company's senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), consists of a $1,175 million revolving credit facility and a $449 million Term Loan A-1 facility. The revolving credit facility matures on May 21, 2023 and the Term Loan A-1 facility matures on April 28, 2021.

At December 31, 2019, the Credit Facility had a gross outstanding balance of $495 million, consisting2021, minimum lease payments owed to us for each of the $449 million Term Loan A-1 facility and $46 million of borrowingsfive succeeding years under the revolvingCompany's financing receivables was as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Future Minimum Lease Payments
2022$77,200 
202377,222 
202377,244 
202578,579 
202679,937 
Thereafter3,622,755 
Total$4,012,937 

The rollforward of the allowance for credit facility. Additionally, at December 31, 2019,losses for the Company's financing receivables is illustrated below.

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$— 
Provision for expected credit losses12,226 
Ending balance at December 31, 2021$12,226 

Real Estate Loans

As discussed in Note 1, the Company historically had the CZR loan outstanding which was contingently obligated under lettersutilized by Caesars in connection with its acquisition of credit issued pursuant to the Credit Facility with face amounts aggregating approximately $0.4 million, resulting in $1,128.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2019.

The interest rates payable on the loans are, at the Company's option, equal to either a LIBOR rate or a base rate plus an applicable margin, which ranges from 1.0% to 2.0% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.0% to 1.0% per annum for base rate loans, in each case, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Credit Facility. At December 31, 2019, the applicable margin was 1.50% for LIBOR loans and 0.50% for base rate loans. In addition,Lumière Place. On June 24, 2020, the Company is requiredreceived approval from the Missouri Gaming Commission to pay a commitment fee onown the unused portionLumière Place real estate in satisfaction of the commitments under the revolving facility at a rate that ranges from 0.15% to 0.35% per annum, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Credit Facility. At December 31, 2019, the commitment fee rate was 0.25%. The Company is not required to repay any loans under the Credit Facility prior to maturity and may prepay all or any portion of the loans under the Credit Facility prior to maturity without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of any

LIBOR breakage costs of the lenders. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, GLP Capital is the primary obligor under the Credit Facility, which is guaranteed by GLPI.

The Credit Facility contains customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of GLPI and its subsidiaries to grant liens on their assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations or pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. The Credit Facility contains the following financial covenants, which are measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis: a maximum total debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum senior secured debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum ratio of certain recourse debt to unencumbered asset value and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, GLPI is required to maintain a minimum tangible net worth and its status as a REIT. GLPI is permitted to pay dividends to its shareholders as may be required in order to maintain REIT status,CZR loan, subject to the absenceLumière Place Lease, and closed this transaction on September 29, 2020.

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On October 15, 2018, Boyd purchased the real estate assets of payment or bankruptcy defaults. GLPI is also permittedBelterra Park from Pinnacle for a cash purchase price of $57.7 million, exclusive of transaction fees. Financing for the transaction was provided by the Company in the form of the Belterra Park Loan. The Belterra Park Loan's initial interest rate was equal to make other dividends and distributions subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants11.11% and the absence of defaults. The Credit Facility also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control and termination of the Penn Master Lease (subject to certain replacement rights). The occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Credit Facility will enable the lenders under the Credit Facility to accelerate the loans and terminate the commitments thereunder. At December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under the Credit Facility.

Senior Unsecured Notes

At December 31, 2019, the Company had an outstanding balance of $5,290.2 million of senior unsecured notes (the "Senior Notes").

On August 29, 2019, the Company issued $400 million of 3.35% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on September 1, 2024 at an issue price equal to 99.899% of the principal amount (the "2024 Notes") and $700 million of 4.00% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on January 15, 2030 at an issue price equal to 99.751% of the principal amount (the "2030 Notes"). Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2020. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2020. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Notes and 2030 Notes were used to (i) finance the Company's cash tender offer to purchase its 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (described below) (ii) repay outstanding borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility and (iii) repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Company's Term Loan A-1 facility.

On September 12, 2019, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2019 Tender Offer") to purchase its $1,000 million aggregate principal amount 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"). The Company received early tenders from the holders of approximately $782.6 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes, or approximately 78% of its outstanding 2020 Notes,loan matured in connection with the 2019 Tender Offer at a price of 102.337%expiration of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest throughBoyd Master Lease (as may be extended at the settlement date. Subsequenttenant's option to April 30, 2051). In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to the early tender deadline, an additional $2.2 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes were tendered at a price of 99.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date, for a total redemption of $784.8 million of the 2020 Notes. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer, of approximately $21.0 million, for the difference between the reaquisition price of the tendered 2020 Notes and their net carrying value.
The Company may redeem the Senior Notes of any series at any time, and from time to time, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a "make-whole" redemption premium described in the indenture governing the Senior Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, except that if Senior Notes of a series are redeemed 90 or fewer days prior to their maturity, the redemption price will be 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. If GLPI experiences a change of control accompanied by a decline in the credit rating of the Senior Notes of a particular series, the Company will be required to give holders of the Senior Notes of such series the opportunity to sell their Senior Notes of such series at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes of such series, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. The Senior Notes also are subject to mandatory redemption requirements imposed by gaming laws and regulations. Belterra Park Lease.
The Senior Notes were issued by GLP Capital, L.P. and GLP Financing II, Inc. (the "Issuers"), 2 wholly-owned subsidiaries of GLPI, and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by GLPI. The guarantees of GLPI are full and unconditional. The Senior Notes are the Issuers' senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of the Issuers' senior indebtedness, including the Credit Facility, and senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers'

subordinated indebtedness, without giving effect to collateral arrangements. See Note 21 for additional financial information on the parent guarantor and subsidiary issuers of the Senior Notes.
The Senior Notes contain covenants limiting the Company’s ability to: incur additional debt and use its assets to secure debt; merge or consolidate with another company; and make certain amendments to the Penn Master Lease. The Senior Notes also require the Company to maintain a specified ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. These covenants are subject to a number of important and significant limitations, qualifications and exceptions.
At December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under its Senior Notes.

Finance Lease Liability

The Company assumed the finance lease obligations related to certain assets at its Aurora, Illinois property. GLPI recorded the asset and liability associated with the finance lease on its consolidated balance sheet. The original term of the finance lease is 30 years and it will terminate in 2026.

10. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate:

Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all cash balances and highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.
Other Assets
Other assets primarily consists of accounts receivable and deferred compensation plan assets (See Note 13 for further details on the deferred compensation plan). Other assets also include deferred taxes and prepaid expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received. These amounts are deferred and charged to operations as the benefits are realized and primarily consist of prepayments for insurance, property taxes and other contracts that will be expensed during the subsequent year.
Debt Issuance Costs and Bond Premiums and Discounts
Debt issuance costs that are incurred by the Company in connection with the issuance of debt are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the underlying indebtedness. In accordance with ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, the Company records long-term debt net of unamortized debt issuance costs on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Similarly, the Company records long-term debt net of any unamortized bond premiums and original issuance discounts on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any original issuance discounts or bond premiums are also amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the underlying indebtedness.
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820") establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for
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the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach, and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are described below:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. 

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

        The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for our investments in leases under ASC 842. Upon lease inception or lease modification, we assess lease classification to determine whether the lease should be classified as a sales-type, direct financing or operating lease. As required by ASC 842, we separately assess the land and building components of the property to determine the classification of each component. If the lease component is determined to be a sales-type lease or direct financing lease, we record a net investment in the lease, which is equal to the sum of the lease receivable and the unguaranteed residual asset, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. Any difference between the fair value of the asset and the net investment in the lease is considered selling profit or loss and is either recognized upon execution of the lease or deferred and recognized over the life of the lease, depending on the classification of the lease. Since we purchase properties and simultaneously enter into new leases directly with the tenants, the net investment in the lease is generally equal to the purchase price of the asset, and, due to the long term nature of our leases, the land and building components of an investment generally have the same lease classification.
The Company recognizes the related income from our financing receivables using an effective interest rate at a constant rate over the term of the applicable leases. As a result, the cash payments received under financing receivables will not equal the income recognized for accounting purposes. Rather, a portion of the cash rent the Company will receive is recorded as interest income with the remainder as a change to financing receivables. Initial direct costs incurred in connection with entering into financing receivables are included in the balance of the financing receivables. Such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to interest income from financing receivables over the term of the lease using the effective interest rate method. Costs that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was signed, such as legal fees and certain other third party fees, are expensed as incurred.

The Company recognizes rental revenue from tenants, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractually fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectability is reasonably assured in accordance with ASC 842. Additionally, percentage rent that is fixed and determinable at the lease inception date is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term, resulting in the recognition of deferred rental revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred rental revenue is amortized to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the remainder of the lease term. The lease term includes the initial non-cancelable lease term and any reasonably assured renewable periods. Contingent rental income that is not fixed and determinable at lease inception is recognized only when the lessee achieves the specified target. Recognition of rental income commences when control of the facility has been transferred to the tenant.

Additionally, in accordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the ground lease rent paid by its tenants with an offsetting expense in land rights and ground lease expense within the consolidated statement of income as the Company has concluded that as the lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The Company subleases these ground leases back to its tenants, who are responsible for payment directly to the landlord.
The Company may periodically loan funds to casino owner-operators for the purchase of gaming related real estate. Interest income related to real estate loans is recorded as revenue from real estate within the Company's consolidated statements of income in the period earned.
Gaming revenue generated by the TRS Properties mainly consists of revenue from slot machines and to a lesser extent, table game and poker revenue. Gaming revenue from slot machines is the aggregate net difference between gaming wins and losses with liabilities recognized for funds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs, for "ticket-in, ticket-out" coupons in the customers’ possession, and for accruals related to the anticipated payout of progressive jackpots. Progressive
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slot machines, which contain base jackpots that increase at a progressive rate based on the number of coins played, are charged to revenue as the amount of the jackpots increase. Table game gaming revenue is the aggregate of table drop adjusted for the change in aggregate table chip inventory. Table drop is the total dollar amount of the currency, coins, chips, tokens, outstanding counter checks (markers), and front money that are removed from the live gaming tables. Gaming revenue is recognized net of certain sales incentives, including promotional allowances in accordance with ASC 606 - Revenues from Contracts with Customers. The Company also defers a portion of the revenue received from customers (who participate in the points-based loyalty programs) at the time of play until a later period when the points are redeemed or forfeited. Other revenues at the TRS Properties are derived from the properties' dining, retail and certain other ancillary activities and revenue for these activities is recognized as services are performed. As of December 31, 2021, the Company no longer operates gaming assets and therefore gaming revenue will no longer be recorded.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company follows ASC 326 “Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”), which requires that the Company measure and record current expected credit losses (“CECL”), the scope of which includes our Investments in leases - financing receivables and real estate loans. The Company's adoption of Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 did not result in the Company recording any allowances against its real estate loans for expected losses.

We have elected to use an econometric default and loss rate model to estimate the Allowance for credit losses, or CECL allowance. This model requires us to calculate and input lease and property-specific credit and performance metrics which in conjunction with forward-looking economic forecasts, project estimated credit losses over the life of the lease or loan. The Company then records a CECL allowance based on the expected loss rate multiplied by the outstanding investment in lease balance.

Expected losses within our cash flows are determined by estimating the probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) of our Investment in lease, financing receivable related to our Maryland Live! Lease. We have engaged a nationally recognized data analytics firm to assist us with estimating both the PD and LGD for this financing receivable. The PD and LGD are estimated during the initial term of the lease. The PD and LGD estimates for the lease term were developed using current financial condition forecasts. The PD and LGD predictive model was developed using the average historical default rates and historical loss rates, respectively, of over 100,000 commercial real estate loans dating back to 1998 that have similar credit profiles or characteristics to the real estate underlying the Company's financing receivable. Management will monitor the credit risk related to its financing receivable by obtaining the rent coverage on the Maryland Live! Lease on a periodic basis. The Company also monitors legislative changes to assess whether it would have an impact on the underlying performance of its tenant. We are unable to use our historical data to estimate losses as the Company has no loss history to date on its lease portfolio. Our tenants are current on all of their rental obligations as of December 31, 2021.

The CECL allowance is recorded as a reduction to our net Investments in leases - financing receivable, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We are required to update our CECL allowance on a quarterly basis with the resulting change being recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. Finally, each time the Company makes a new investment in an asset subject to ASC 326, we will be required to record an initial CECL allowance for such asset, which will result in a non-cash charge to the Consolidated Statement of Income for the relevant period. See Note 8 for further information.

Charge-offs are deducted from the allowance in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries previously written off are recorded when received. The Company recorded a recovery of $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 for the settlement of a loan that had been previously written off to Casino Queen.

Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's Amended 2013 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2013 Plan") provides for the Company to issue restricted stock awards, including performance-based restricted stock awards, and other equity or cash based awards to employees. Any director, employee or consultant shall be eligible to receive such awards.
The Company accounts for stock compensation under ASC 718 - Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. This expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period following the date of grant. The fair value of the Company's time-based restricted stock awards is equivalent to the closing stock price on the day prior to grant. The Company utilizes a third-party valuation firm to measure the fair value of performance-based restricted stock awards at grant date using the Monte Carlo model.
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The unrecognized compensation cost relating to restricted stock awards and performance-based restricted stock awards is recognized as expense over the awards’ remaining vesting periods. See Note 15 for further information related to stock-based compensation.
Income Taxes
The TRS Segment is able to engage in activities resulting in income that would not be qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within its TRS Segment are subject to federal and state income taxes. 
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 - Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and are measured at the prevailing enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences are settled or realized. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realizability of the deferred tax assets is evaluated by assessing the valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of the allowance, if any, as necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the forecast of future taxable income.
ASC 740 also creates a single model to address uncertainty in tax positions, and clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in an enterprise's financial statements. It also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company did not have any uncertain tax positions for the three years ended December 31, 2021.
The Company is required under ASC 740 to disclose its accounting policy for classifying interest and penalties, the amount of interest and penalties charged to expense each period, as well as the cumulative amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If and when they occur, the Company will classify any income tax-related penalties and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in taxes on income within the consolidated statements of income. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized no penalties and interest, net of deferred income taxes.
The Company elected on its U.S. federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT and the Company, together with an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, GLP Holdings, Inc., jointly elected to treat each of GLP Holdings, Inc., Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc. and Penn Cecil Maryland, Inc. as a "taxable REIT subsidiary" effective on the first day of the first taxable year of GLPI as a REIT. In addition, during 2020, the Company and Tropicana LV, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which holds the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas, elected to treat Tropicana LV, LLC as a “taxable REIT subsidiary”. Finally, in advance of the UPREIT Transaction, the Company elected GLP Financing II, Inc. to be treated as a TRS effective December 23, 2021.
The Company continues to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit the Company to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to shareholders. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal, state or local income tax on income that it distributes as dividends to its shareholders, except in those jurisdictions that do not allow a deduction for such distributions. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Company in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect the Company's net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. Unless the Company was entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, the Company also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which it failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
Earnings Per Share
The Company calculates earnings per share ("EPS") in accordance with ASC 260 - Earnings Per Share. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding net income attributable to participating securities (unvested restricted stock awards). Diluted EPS reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities such as stock options, unvested restricted shares and unvested performance-based restricted shares. The effect of the conversion of the Operating Partnership ("OP") units to common shares is excluded from the computation on basic and diluted earnings per share because all net income attributable to the Noncontrolling interest holders are recorded as income attributable to non-controlling interests, thus is excluded from net income available to common shareholders. See Note 17 for further details on the Company's earnings per share calculations.

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Segment Information
Consistent with how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (as such term is defined in ASC 280 - Segment Reporting) reviews and assesses the Company’s financial performance, the Company has 2 reportable segments, GLP Capital, L.P. (a consolidated subsidiary of GLPI through which GLPI owns substantially all of its real estate assets) and the TRS Segment. The GLP Capital reportable segment consists of the leased real property and represents the majority of the Company’s business. The TRS Segment consists of Hollywood Casino Perryville (until July 1, 2021 and subsequent to this date includes rental income from the Perryville Lease) and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge (until December 17, 2021), as well as the real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas. The Company anticipates completing a transaction in the near future related to Tropicana Las Vegas. As such in 2022, the Company expects to have one reportable segment. See Note 19 for further information with respect to the Company’s segments.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of operators, tenants, or obligors related to the Company's investments are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. Additionally, concentrations of credit risk may arise when revenues of the Company are derived from a small number of tenants. As of December 31, 2021, substantially all of the Company's real estate properties were leased to Penn, Caesars and Boyd. During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 75%, 11% and 10% of the Company's collective income from real estate was derived from tenant leases with Penn, Caesars and Boyd, respectively. Revenues from our tenants are reported in the Company's GLP Capital, L.P. reportable segment. Penn, Caesars and Boyd are publicly traded companies that are subject to the informational filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are required to file periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Readers are directed to Penn, Caesars and Boyd's respective websites for further financial information on these companies. Other than the Company's tenant concentration, management believes the Company's portfolio was reasonably diversified by geographical location and did not contain any other significant concentrations of credit risk. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's portfolio of 51 properties is diversified by location across 17 states.
Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, approximatesaccounts receivable, real estate loans and other loans receivable. The Company's policy is to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution and place investments with financial institutions evaluated as being creditworthy, or in short-term money market and tax-free bond funds which are exposed to minimal interest rate and credit risk. At times, the Company has bank deposits and overnight repurchase agreements that exceed federally-insured limits.

3.    New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2021

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform ("ASU 2020-04"). Reference rates such as London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") are widely used in a broad range of financial instruments and other agreements. Regulators and market participants in various jurisdictions have undertaken efforts, generally referred to as "reference rate reform", to eliminate certain reference rates and introduce new reference rates that are based on a larger and more liquid population of observable transactions. The one month, three month, six month and twelve month LIBOR rates are expected to be discontinued as of June 30, 2023. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients for applying the guidance for contract modifications or other situations affected by reference rate reform, specifically addressing the accounting for modifications of contracts within the scope of ASC Topic 310 on receivables, ASC 470 on debt, and ASC 842 on leases and ASC subtopic 815-15 on embedded derivatives. The adoption of this pronouncement had no material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.


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4.Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments, net, represent investments in 50 rental properties and the corporate headquarters building and is summarized as follows:
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$3,141,646 $2,667,616 
Building and improvements6,311,573 6,030,482 
Construction in progress5,699 — 
Total real estate investments9,458,918 8,698,098 
Less accumulated depreciation(1,681,367)(1,410,940)
Real estate investments, net$7,777,551 $7,287,158 

The increase in real estate investments is primarily due to the acquisition of Dover Downs and Tropicana Evansville in a transaction with Bally's as well as the reclassification of the land associated with Tropicana Las Vegas from its own line item on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as an agreement to sell the building and lease the land back to Bally's was entered into and is expected to close in the second half of 2022. The building has been reclassified to assets held for sale. Finally, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge during 2021 and leased back the real estate to Penn and Casino Queen, respectively. This resulted in an increase to real estate investments of $102.5 million. See Note 6 for further details on these transactions.


5.Property and Equipment Used in Operations
Property and equipment used in operations, net, consists of the following. 
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Land and improvements$— $30,540 
Building and improvements— 117,333 
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment (1)28,832 28,767 
Construction in progress— 474 
Total property and equipment28,832 177,114 
Less accumulated depreciation (1)(15,855)(96,496)
Property and equipment, net$12,977 $80,618 

(1) The majority of the decline at December 31, 2021 compared to the prior year is related to the sale of the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. See Note 6 for further details.  

6. Assets Held for Sale

    As described in Note 1, the Company completed the sale of the operating assets at Hollywood Casino Perryville to Penn for $31.1 million and the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge to Casino Queen for $28.2 million during 2021. The operating assets of these two properties had been classified as assets held for sale at December 31, 2020. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $15.6 million ($11.3 million after-tax gain) on the sale of the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Perryville and a pre-tax gain of $6.8 million ($7.7 million after-tax loss) on the sale of the operating assets of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge.

On April 13, 2021, Bally’s agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, Inc. for an aggregate cash acquisition price of $150 million. GLPI will retain ownership of the land and concurrently enter into a ground lease for 50 years with initial annual rent of $10.5 million. The ground lease will be supported by a Bally’s corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022. At December 31, 2021, the Company classified the building value
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of Tropicana Las Vegas in Assets held for sale and the land value in Real estate investments, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet since the transaction is expected to close within 12 months of the most recent balance sheet date. At December 31, 2020, the Company classified the real property associated with Tropicana Las Vegas as a separate caption on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company's assets and liabilities held for sale were comprised of the following at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (in thousands).

AssetsDecember 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
Property and equipment, used in operations, net— $8,780 
Real Estate Tropicana LV, net77,728 — 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net— 263 
Cash and cash equivalents— 22,131 
Prepaid expenses— 2,473 
Goodwill— 16,067 
Other intangible assets— 9,577 
Other assets— 2,157 
Total77,728 61,448 
Liabilities
Accounts payable— 8 
Accrued expenses— 3,387 
Accrued salaries and wages— 2,064 
Gaming, property and other taxes— 398 
Lease liabilities— 262 
Other liabilities— 710 
Total which is classified in Other Liabilities— 6,829 

The assets held for sale reside in the Company's TRS Segment. See Note 19 for the pre-tax income of this segment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

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7.    Acquisitions

The Company accounts for its acquisitions of real estate assets as asset acquisitions under ASC 805 - Business Combinations. Under asset acquisition accounting, transaction costs incurred to acquire the purchased assets are also included as part of the asset cost.

Current year acquisitions

As described in Note 1, the Company acquired the real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, on December 29, 2021. The purchase price allocation of these assets and liabilities based on their fair values at the acquisition date are summarized below (in thousands)


Investment in leases, financing receivables$1,213,896 
Lease Liabilities(53,309)
Total Purchase Price$1,160,587 

The table above excludes the reserve for financing receivables of $12.2 million that was recorded through the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.

As previously discussed in Note 1, on June 3, 2021, the Company completed its previously announced transaction with Bally's in which the real estate assets of Tropicana Evansville and Dover Downs Hotel & Casino were acquired. The final purchase price allocation of these assets based on their fair values at the acquisition date are summarized below (in thousands).

Land and improvements$219,579 
Building and improvements201,430 
Real estate investments, net421,009 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net101,813 
Lease liabilities(35,372)
Total purchase price$487,450 

Pending acquisitions

As discussed in Note 1, the Company anticipates closing of the acquisition of the assets comprising the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease from Cordish in early 2022 subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. Total consideration of approximately $674 million will consist of 3.0 million OP Units and cash. Annual rent under the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease will be $50 million and will have a 1.75% fixed yearly escalator on the entirety of rent commencing on the leases' second anniversary.

On April 13, 2021, the Company announced that it had entered into a binding term sheet with Bally's to acquire the real estate of Bally’s casino property in Black Hawk, CO and its recently acquired property in Rock Island, IL, in a transaction that is subject to regulatory approval. Total consideration for the acquisition is $150.0 million and the parties expect to add the properties to the Bally's Master Lease for incremental rent of $12 million. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022.

In addition, Bally’s has granted GLPI a right of first refusal to fund the real property acquisition or development project costs associated with any and all potential future transactions in Michigan, Maryland, New York and Virginia through one or more sale-leaseback or similar transactions for a term of 7 years.

On April 13, 2021, Bally’s also agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, Inc. for an aggregate cash acquisition price of $150 million. GLPI would retain ownership of the land and will concurrently enter into a ground lease for 50 years with initial annual rent of $10.5 million The ground lease will be supported by a Bally’s corporate guarantee and cross-defaulted with the Bally's Master Lease. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022.
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Both GLPI and Bally’s have committed to a structure in which GLPI has the potential to acquire additional assets in sale-leaseback transactions to the extent Bally’s elects to utilize GLPI’s capital as a funding source for its proposed acquisition of Gamesys Group plc ("Gamesys"). The $500 million commitment provides Bally’s alternative financing which, in GLPI’s sole discretion, may be funded in the form of equity, additional prepaid sale-leaseback transactions or secured loans. However, on July 26, 2021, Bally's announced that as a result of better than expected operating performance at its land-based retail casinos and interactive businesses, it does not plan to draw on this commitment to fund the Gamesys acquisition.

Prior year acquisitions

As previously discussed in Note 1, the impact of COVID-19 resulted in casino-wide closures by all of our tenants. As a result of COVID-19, on April 16, 2020, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries acquired the real property associated with the Tropicana Las Vegas from Penn in exchange for $307.5 million of rent credits, which were fully utilized in 2020 for rent due under the parties' existing leases.

The Company recorded an initial land and building value of $226.2 million and $81.3 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020 depreciation expense of $2.7 million was recorded. Additionally, deferred rent of $307.5 million was recorded at the acquisition date, which was fully recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Tropicana Las Vegas assets are summarized below.

December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Land and improvements$226,160 
Building and improvements81,340 
Total real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas307,500 
Less accumulated depreciation(2,669)
Real estate of Tropicana Las Vegas , net$304,831 

On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits which were fully utilized by Penn in the fourth quarter of 2020.The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn pursuant to the Morgantown Lease for an initial annual rent of $3.0 million, subject to escalation provisions following the opening of the property.


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On October 27, 2020, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement with subsidiaries of Caesars that own, respectively, Waterloo and Bettendorf. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of the Waterloo and Bettendorf properties in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of the Tropicana Evansville, plus a cash payment of $5.7 million.The exchange transaction closed on December 18, 2020, which resulted in the Waterloo and Bettendorf facilities being added to the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and the rent increased by $0.5 million annually. The Company recorded a non-cash gain of $41.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 related to the transaction, which represented the difference between the fair value of the properties received compared to the carrying value of Tropicana Evansville and the cash payment of $5.7 million. The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired in the Exchange Agreement and the carrying value of the Company’s cashTropicana Evansville assets that were transferred to Caesars. (in thousands):

BettendorfWaterlooTotal
Land$29,636 $64,262 $93,898 
Building and improvements85,150 77,958 163,108 
Total real estate investments$114,786 $142,220 $257,006 
Less: Evansville Land and improvements(47,439)
Less: Evansville Buildings and improvements, net(136,858)
Less: Evansville Right of use assets and land rights, net(55,456)
Add: Evansville, Operating Lease Liabilities29,795 


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8. Investment in leases, financing receivables, net and cash equivalents, due toother receivables


In connection with the short maturityMaryland Live! Lease that became effective on December 29, 2021, the Company recorded an investment in leases, financing receivables, net, as the sale lease back transaction was accounted for as a failed sale leaseback. The following is a summary of the cash equivalents.

Deferred Compensation Plan Assets

The Company's deferred compensation plan assets consist of open-ended mutual funds and as such the fair value measurement of the assets is considered a Level 1 measurement as defined under ASC 820. Deferred compensation plan assets are included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Real Estate Loans

The fair value of the real estate loans approximates the carrying valuebalances of the Company's real estate loans, as collection oninvestment in leases, financing receivables.


December 31,
2021
(in thousands)
Minimum lease payments receivable$4,012,937 
Estimated residual values of lease property (unguaranteed)601,947 
Gross investment in leases, financing receivables4,614,884 
Less: Unearned income(3,400,988)
Less: Allowance for credit losses(12,226)
Net Investment in leases, financing receivables$1,201,670 

The net investment in the outstanding loan balances is reasonably assured. The fairlease payment receivable and unguaranteed residual value measurementat December 31, 2021 was $1,178.0 million and $35.9 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2021, minimum lease payments owed to us for each of the real estate loans is considered a Level 3 measurement as definedfive succeeding years under ASC 820.

Long-term Debt
The fair value of the Senior Notes and senior unsecured credit facility is estimated based on quoted prices in active markets and as such is a Level 1 measurement as defined under ASC 820.
The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments areCompany's financing receivables was as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Future Minimum Lease Payments
2022$77,200 
202377,222 
202377,244 
202578,579 
202679,937 
Thereafter3,622,755 
Total$4,012,937 
 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
Financial assets: 
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents$26,823
 $26,823
 $25,783
 $25,783
Deferred compensation plan assets28,855
 28,855
 22,709
 22,709
Real estate loans303,684
 303,684
 303,684
 303,684
Financial liabilities: 
  
  
  
Long-term debt: 
  
  
  
Senior unsecured credit facility495,000
 493,533
 927,000
 909,308
Senior unsecured notes5,290,174
 5,707,996
 4,975,000
 4,958,455


The rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for the Company's financing receivables is illustrated below.
Assets
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$— 
Provision for expected credit losses12,226 
Ending balance at December 31, 2021$12,226 

Real Estate Loans

As discussed in Note 1, the Company historically had the CZR loan outstanding which was utilized by Caesars in connection with its acquisition of Lumière Place. On June 24, 2020, the Company received approval from the Missouri Gaming Commission to own the Lumière Place real estate in satisfaction of the CZR loan, subject to the Lumière Place Lease, and Liabilities Measuredclosed this transaction on September 29, 2020.

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On October 15, 2018, Boyd purchased the real estate assets of Belterra Park from Pinnacle for a cash purchase price of $57.7 million, exclusive of transaction fees. Financing for the transaction was provided by the Company in the form of the Belterra Park Loan. The Belterra Park Loan's initial interest rate was equal to 11.11% and the loan matured in connection with the expiration of the Boyd Master Lease (as may be extended at Fair Valuethe tenant's option to April 30, 2051). In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to the Belterra Park Lease.

Other Loans Receivable

In January 2014, the Company completed the asset acquisition of the real property associated with the Casino Queen in East St. Louis, Illinois. GLPI leases the property back to Casino Queen on a Nonrecurring Basistriple-net basis on terms similar to those in the Company's existing master leases. The Casino Queen Lease has an initial term of 15 years and the tenant has an option to renew it at the same terms and conditions for 4 successive 5-year periods.  
Certain assets
Simultaneously with the Casino Queen acquisition, GLPI provided Casino Queen with a $43.0 million, five-year term loan at 7% interest, prepayable at any time, which, together with the sale proceeds, completely refinanced and liabilities are measuredretired all of Casino Queen’s outstanding long-term debt obligations. On March 13, 2017, the outstanding principal and interest on this loan was repaid in full and GLPI simultaneously provided a new unsecured $13.0 million, 5.5-year term loan (the "Casino Queen Loan") to CQ Holding Company, Inc., an affiliate of Casino Queen ("CQ Holding Company"), to partially finance its acquisition of Lady Luck Casino in Marquette, Iowa. The Casino Queen Loan bears an interest rate of 15% and is prepayable at fair value onany time.

On June 12, 2018, the Company received a nonrecurring basisNotice of Event of Default under the senior credit agreement of CQ Holding Company from the secured lender under such agreement, which reported a covenant default under its senior secured agreement. Under the terms of that agreement, when an event of default occurs, CQ Holding Company is prohibited from making cash payments to unsecured lenders such as GLPI. Therefore, beginning in periods subsequentJune 2018 the interest due from CQ Holding Company under the Company's unsecured loan was paid in kind. In addition to initial recognition. Assets measured at fair value onthe covenant violation noted above under its senior credit agreement, CQ Holding Company also had a nonrecurring basispayment default under the senior credit agreement. Furthermore, the Company notified Casino Queen of events of default under the Company's unsecured loan with CQ Holding Company, related to financial covenant violations during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are categorized in the tables below based upon the lowest level of significant input to the valuation. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the years ended2018.
At December 31, 20192018, active negotiations for the sale of Casino Queen's operations were taking place. Despite the payment and 2018.
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Impairment Charges Recorded during the Year Ended December 31, 2019
 (in thousands)
Assets:       
Loan receivable$—
 $—
 $—
 $13,000
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$—
 $—
 $—
 $13,000
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Impairment Charges Recorded during the Year Ended December 31, 2018
 (in thousands)
Assets:       
Goodwill$—
 $—
 $16,067
 $59,454
Loan receivable—
 —
 13,000
 1,500
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$—
 $—
 $29,067
 $60,954

Loan Receivable

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $13.0 million related to the write-offcovenant defaults noted above, at that time, full payment of the principal was still expected, due to the Company under its unsecured loan to CQ Holding Company. During 2019,anticipation that the operating results of Casino Queen continued to decline, the secured debt of Casino Queen was sold to a third-party casino operator at a discount and the Company no longer expected the loanoperations were to be repaid.

Duringsold in the fourth quarternear term for an amount allowing for repayment of 2018, the Company recorded an impairment chargefull $13.0 million of $1.5 million relatedloan principal due to the paid-in-kind interest income on its Casino Queen Loan. The Company determined, based upon facts and circumstances existing at December 31, 2018, thatGLPI. However, the paid-in-kind interest due to the Company at December 31, 2018 iswas not expected to be collected. Therefore,collected, resulting in an impairment charge of $1.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company did not recognize the paid-in-kind interest income due to the Company for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 and took a charge for the previously recognized paid-in-kind interest income through the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings as a reversal of the paid-in-kind interest income recognized earlier in the year. See Note 6 for further details surrounding
During 2019, the operating results of Casino Queen Loan.

Goodwill

Duringcontinued to decline, the secured debt of Casino Queen was sold to a third-party casino operator at a discount and the Company no longer expected the loan to be repaid. Therefore, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $13.0 million through the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2018,2019.
    Casino Queen was closed in mid-March due to COVID-19 and Casino Queen was in payment default on their lease starting in April 2020. The Company entered into a deferred rental agreement with Casino Queen in 2020 to permit the tenant to defer payments in the event the property was closed due to COVID-19. As such, the tenant deferred payments temporarily in 2020 and 2021 however all such delinquent rental payments were received in the fourth quarter of 2020. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received a $4.0 million payment in full satisfaction of the Casino Queen Loan in connection with the HCBR transaction which was recorded as a provision for credit losses, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Income.


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9. Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities

Lease Assets

The Company is subject to various operating leases as lessee for both real estate and equipment, the majority of which are ground leases related to properties the Company leases to its tenants under triple-net operating leases. These ground leases may include fixed rent, as well as variable rent based upon an individual property’s performance or changes in an index such as the CPI and have maturity dates ranging from 2028 to 2108, when considering all renewal options. For certain of these ground leases, the Company’s tenants are responsible for payment directly to the third-party landlord. Under ASC 842, the Company is required to gross-up its consolidated financial statements for these ground leases as the Company is considered the primary obligor. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $59.5 millionright-of-use assets and related lease liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheet to represent its rights to use the underlying leased assets and its future lease obligations, respectively, including for those ground leases paid directly by our tenants. Because the right-of-use asset relates, in part, to the same leases which resulted in the land right assets the Company recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheet in conjunction with the Company's assumption of below market leases at the time it acquired the related land and building assets, the Company is required to report the right-of-use assets and land rights in the aggregate on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Land rights, net represent the Company's rights to land subject to long-term ground leases. The Company obtained ground lease rights through the acquisition of several of its rental properties and immediately subleased the land to its tenants. These land rights represent the below market value of the related ground leases. The Company assessed the acquired ground leases to determine if the lease terms were favorable or unfavorable, given market conditions at the acquisition date. Because the market rents to be received under the Company's triple-net tenant leases were greater than the rents to be paid under the acquired ground leases, the Company concluded that the ground leases were below market and were therefore required to be recorded as a definite lived asset (land rights) on its books.

Components of the Company's right-of use assets and land rights, net are detailed below (in thousands):
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Right-of-use assets - operating leases (1) (2)
$183,136 $151,339 
Land rights, net668,683 617,858 
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net$851,819 $769,197 

(1) The increase in right of use assets - operating leases relates to a ground lease acquired in connection with the Tropicana Evansville transaction which closed on June 3, 2021.

(2) In addition, there is $0.3 million of operating lease right-of-use assets included in assets held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Greenville Inn property lease was not renewed by the Company's tenant, resulting in the acceleration of $3.4 million of land right amortization expense related to the long-term ground lease at this property and bringing the net book value of this land right to zero at December 31, 2021.

Land Rights

The land rights are amortized over the individual lease term of the related ground lease, including all renewal options, which ranged from 10 years to 92 years at their respective acquisition dates. Land rights net, consist of the following:

December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
(in thousands)
Land rights$730,783 $667,751 
Less accumulated amortization(62,100)(49,893)
Land rights, net$668,683 $617,858 

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The increase from December 31, 2020 relates to land rights recorded in connection with the Tropicana Evansville
acquisition which closed on June 3, 2021.

As of December 31, 2021, estimated future amortization expense related to the Company’s land rights by fiscal year is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2022$13,209 
202313,209 
202413,209 
202513,209 
202613,209 
Thereafter602,638 
Total$668,683 

Operating Lease Liabilities

At December 31, 2021, maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2022$13,561 
202313,556 
202413,505 
202513,452 
202613,459 
Thereafter610,693 
Total lease payments$678,226 
Less: interest(494,281)
Present value of lease liabilities$183,945 
.

Lease Expense

Operating lease costs represent the entire amount of expense recognized for operating leases that are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Variable lease costs are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and include both lease payments tied to a property's performance and changes in an index such as the CPI that are not determinable at lease commencement, while short-term lease costs are costs for those operating leases with a term of 12 months or less.

The components of lease expense were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021Year Ended December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Operating lease cost$12,959 $13,907 
Variable lease cost9,075 3,364 
Short-term lease cost947 625 
Amortization of land right assets15,616 12,022 
Total lease cost$38,597 $29,918 

Amortization expense related to the land right intangibles, as well as variable lease costs and the majority of the Company's operating lease costs are recorded within land rights and ground lease expense in the consolidated statements of
85


income. The Company's short-term lease costs as well as a small portion of operating lease costs are recorded in both gaming, food, beverage and other expense and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Supplemental Disclosures Related to Operating Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company's operating leases was as follows:
December 31, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases51.79 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases6.6%


Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases was as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021Year Ended December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
  Operating cash flows from operating leases (1) (2)
$1,617 $1,600 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
   Operating leases (2)
$35,372 $95 

(1) The Company's cash paid for operating leases is significantly less than the lease cost for the same period due to the majority of the Company's ground lease rent being paid directly to the landlords by the Company's tenants. Although GLPI expends no cash related to these leases, they are required to be grossed up in the Company's financial statements under ASC 842.

(2) In addition, there is $0.2 million and $0.3 million related to assets held for sale and other liabilities for operating cash flows from cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets obtained for new lease obligations, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Financing Lease Liabilities

In connection with the acquisition of the real property assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, the Company acquired the rights to land subject to a long-term ground lease which expires on June 6, 2111. As the Maryland Live! Lease was accounted for as an Investment in lease, financing receivable, the underlying ground lease was accounted for as a financing lease obligation within Lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company records revenue for the ground lease rent paid by its tenant with an offsetting expense in interest expense as the Company has concluded that as the lessee it is the primary obligor under the ground leases. The ground lease contains variable lease payments based on a percentage of gaming revenues generated by the facility and has fixed minimum annual payments. The Company discounted the fixed minimum annual payments at 5.0% to arrive at the initial lease obligation. At December 31, 2021, maturities of this finance lease were as follows (in thousands):


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Year ending December 31,
2023$2,200 
20242,222 
20252,244 
20262,267 
20272,289 
Thereafter304,371 
Total lease payments$315,593 
Less: Interest(262,284)
Present value of finance lease liability$53,309 


10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The only goodwill of the Company was recorded on the books of Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, reporting unit, resulting from a significant reductionin connection with Penn's purchase of this entity prior to the Spin-Off. The only intangible assets of the Company was related to Hollywood Casino Perryville's gaming license that was recognized by Penn prior to the Spin-Off. The original assets and liabilities of GLPI, including goodwill and intangible assets were recorded at their respective historical carrying values at the time of the Spin-Off in accordance with the provisions of ASC 505.

There were no changes in the carrying value of goodwill or intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. As described in Note 6, the Company's goodwill and intangible asset balance at December 31, 2020 had been reclassified to Assets held for sale. Since the operations of both Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and Hollywood Casino Perryville were sold in 2021, the Company no longer has any goodwill or intangible assets on its Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021.


11. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate:

Cash and Cash Equivalents
The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximates the carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, due to the short maturity of the cash equivalents.

Deferred Compensation Plan Assets

The Company's deferred compensation plan assets consist of open-ended mutual funds and as such the fair value measurement of the assets is considered a Level 1 measurement as defined under ASC 820. Deferred compensation plan assets are included within other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Long-term Debt
The fair value of the Senior Notes are estimated based on quoted prices in active markets and as such are Level 1 measurements as defined under ASC 820. The fair value of the obligations in our Amended Credit Facility is based on indicative pricing from market information (Level 2 inputs).

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The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
 Carrying
Amount		Fair
Value		Carrying
Amount		Fair
Value
Financial assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents (1)
$724,595 $724,595 $486,451 $486,451 
Investment in leases, financing receivables, net (2)
1,201,670 1,213,896 — — 
Deferred compensation plan assets34,549 34,549 35,514 35,514 
Financial liabilities:    
Long-term debt:    
Senior unsecured credit facility424,019 424,019 424,019 424,019 
Senior unsecured notes6,175,000 6,645,574 5,375,000 6,026,840 

(1) In addition, there was $22.1 million in cash and cash equivalents in assets held for sale at December 31, 2020.
(2) The fair value materially approximates the purchase price of the acquisition of these financial assets given the     transaction closed on December 29, 2021.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

12.Long-term Debt
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and unamortized debt issuance costs is as follows: 
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 (in thousands)
Unsecured $1,175 million revolver$— $— 
Unsecured term loans A-2424,019 424,019 
$500 million 5.375% senior unsecured notes due November 2023500,000 500,000 
$400 million 3.350% senior unsecured notes due September 2024400,000 400,000 
$850 million 5.250% senior unsecured notes due June 2025850,000 850,000 
$975 million 5.375% senior unsecured notes due April 2026975,000 975,000 
$500 million 5.750% senior unsecured notes due June 2028500,000 500,000 
$750 million 5.300% senior unsecured notes due January 2029750,000 750,000 
$700 million 4.000% senior unsecured notes due January 2030700,000 700,000 
$700 million 4.000% senior unsecured notes due January 2031700,000 700,000 
$800 million 3.250% senior unsecured notes due January 2032800,000 — 
Other725 860 
Total long-term debt6,599,744 5,799,879 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts(47,372)(45,190)
Total long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts$6,552,372 $5,754,689 

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The following is a schedule of future minimum repayments of long-term earnings forecastdebt as of this property.December 31, 2021 (in thousands): 

2022$142 
2023924,168 
2024400,156 
2025850,164 
2026975,114 
Over 5 years3,450,000 
Total minimum payments$6,599,744 

Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

Prior to June 25, 2020, the Company's senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), consisted of a $1,175 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with a maturity date of May 21, 2023, and a $449 million Term Loan A-1 facility with a maturity date of April 28, 2021.

The Company fully drew down on its Revolver in the first quarter of 2020 to increase its liquidity position and repay certain senior unsecured notes as described below. On June 25, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility (as amended, the "Amended Credit Facility") which extended the maturity date of approximately $224 million of outstanding Term Loan A-1 facility borrowings to May 21, 2023, which term loans are now classified as a new tranche of term loans (Term Loans A-2). Additionally, the Company borrowed incremental Term Loans A-2 totaling $200 million. Furthermore, on June 25, 2020, the Company also closed on an offering of $500 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 priced at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the income approachproceeds from these two financings along with cash on hand to measurerepay all outstanding obligations under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the fairCompany borrowed an additional $200 million of 4.00% unsecured senior notes due in January 2031 priced at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount. The Company utilized the net proceeds from this additional borrowing to repay indebtedness under the Term Loan A-1 facility.

At December 31, 2021, the Amended Credit Facility had a gross outstanding balance of $424.0 million, consisting of the $424.0 million Term Loan A-2 facility. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolver. Additionally, at December 31, 2021, the Company was contingently obligated under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facility with face amounts aggregating approximately $0.4 million, resulting in $1,174.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the Revolver.

The interest rates payable on the loans are, at the Company's option, equal to either a LIBOR rate or a base rate plus an applicable margin, which ranges from 1.0% to 2.0% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.0% to 1.0% per annum for base rate loans, in each case, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2021, the applicable margin was 1.50% for LIBOR loans and 0.50% for base rate loans. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments under the Revolver at a rate that ranges from 0.15% to 0.35% per annum, depending on the credit ratings assigned to the Amended Credit Facility. At December 31, 2021, the commitment fee rate was 0.25%. The Company is not required to repay any loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity and may prepay all or any portion of the loans under the Amended Credit Facility prior to maturity without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of any LIBOR breakage costs of the lenders. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, GLP Capital, is the primary obligor under the Amended Credit Facility, which is guaranteed by GLPI.

The Amended Credit Facility contains customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of GLPI and its subsidiaries to grant liens on their assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations or pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. The Amended Credit Facility contains the following financial covenants, which are measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis: a maximum total debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum senior secured debt to total asset value ratio, a maximum ratio of goodwill, which involvescertain recourse debt to unencumbered asset value and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, GLPI is required to maintain a minimum tangible net worth and its status as a REIT. GLPI is permitted to pay dividends to its shareholders as may be required in order to maintain REIT status, subject to the absence of payment or bankruptcy defaults. GLPI is also permitted to make other dividends and distributions subject to pro forma compliance with the financial covenants and the absence of defaults. The Amended Credit Facility also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default,
89


including the occurrence of a change of control and termination of the Penn Master Lease (subject to certain replacement rights). The occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Amended Credit Facility will enable the lenders under the Amended Credit Facility to accelerate the loans and terminate the commitments thereunder. At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under the Amended Credit Facility.

Senior Unsecured Notes

At December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding balance of $6,175.0 million of senior unsecured notes (the "Senior Notes").

On December 13, 2021, the Company issued $800 million of 3.25% senior unsecured notes due January 2032 at an issue price equal to 99.376% of the principal amount. The proceeds are being used to partially finance the Company's acquisition of certain real estate assets in the Cordish transaction as described in Note 7.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $215.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in November 2020 and all $400 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 4.375% senior unsecured notes due in April 2021, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the redemption of $17.3 million, primarily for call premium charges and debt issuance write-offs.

On June 25, 2020, the Company issued $500 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 98.827% of the principal amount to repay indebtedness under its Revolver. On August 18, 2020, the Company issued an additional $200 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 at an issue price equal to 103.824% of the principal amount to repay Term Loan A-1 indebtedness, incurring a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $0.8 million, related to debt issuance write-offs. These bond offerings have extended the maturities of our long-term debt.

On August 29, 2019, the Company issued $400 million of 3.35% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on September 1, 2024 at an issue price equal to 99.899% of the principal amount (the "2024 Notes") and $700 million of 4.00% Senior Unsecured Notes maturing on January 15, 2030 at an issue price equal to 99.751% of the principal amount (the "2030 Notes"). Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2020. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2020. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Notes and 2030 Notes were used to (i) finance the Company's cash tender offer to purchase its 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (described below), (ii) repay outstanding borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility and (iii) repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Company's Term Loan A-1 facility.

On September 12, 2019, the Company completed a cash tender offer (the "2019 Tender Offer") to purchase its $1,000 million aggregate principal amount 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"). The Company received early tenders from the holders of approximately $782.6 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes, or approximately 78% of its outstanding 2020 Notes, in connection with the 2019 Tender Offer at a price of 102.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date. Subsequent to the early tender deadline, an additional $2.2 million in aggregate principal of the 2020 Notes was tendered at a price of 99.337% of the unpaid principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the settlement date, for a total redemption of $784.8 million of the 2020 Notes. The Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer, of approximately $21.0 million, for the difference between the reacquisition price of the tendered 2020 Notes and their net carrying value.
The Company may redeem the Senior Notes of any series at any time, and from time to time, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a "make-whole" redemption premium described in the indenture governing the Senior Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, except that if Senior Notes of a series are redeemed 90 or fewer days prior to their maturity, the redemption price will be 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. If GLPI experiences a change of control accompanied by a decline in the credit rating of the Senior Notes of a particular series, the Company will be required to give holders of the Senior Notes of such series the opportunity to sell their Senior Notes of such series at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes of such series, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. The Senior Notes also are subject to mandatory redemption requirements imposed by gaming laws and regulations. 
The Senior Notes were issued by GLP Capital, L.P. and GLP Financing II, Inc. (the "Issuers"), 2 consolidated subsidiaries of GLPI, and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by GLPI. The guarantees of GLPI are full and unconditional. The Senior Notes are the Issuers' senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of
90


the Issuers' senior indebtedness, including the Amended Credit Facility, and senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers' subordinated indebtedness, without giving effect to collateral arrangements.
The Senior Notes contain covenants limiting the Company’s ability to: incur additional debt and use its assets to secure debt; merge or consolidate with another company; and make certain amendments to the Penn Master Lease. The Senior Notes also require the Company to maintain a specified ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. These covenants are subject to a number of key assumptions, such as cash flow forecastsimportant and discount rates. See Note 8 for additional information regardingsignificant limitations, qualifications and exceptions.
At December 31, 2021, the calculation of the impairment charge.


Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants under its Senior Notes.
11.

13.    Commitments and Contingencies
 
Separation and Distribution Agreements

Pursuant to a Separation and Distribution Agreement between Penn and GLPI, any liability arising from or relating to legal proceedings involving the businesses and operations of Penn’s real property holdings prior to the Spin-Off (other than any liability arising from or relating to legal proceedings where the dispute arises from the operation or ownership of the TRS Properties) will be retained by Penn, and Penn will indemnify GLPI (and its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees and agents and certain other related parties) against any losses it may incur arising from or relating to such legal proceedings. Similarly, pursuant to a Separation and Distribution Agreement between Pinnacle's operating company and GLPI (as successor to Pinnacle Entertainment), any liability arising from or relating to legal proceedings involving the business and operations of Pinnacle's real property holdings prior to the Pinnacle Merger will be retained by Pinnacle, and Pinnacle will indemnify GLPI (and its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees and agents and certain other related parties) against any losses it may incur arising from or relating to such legal proceedings. Effective October 15, 2018, Penn assumed all obligations of Pinnacle pursuant to a merger of Pinnacle with and into a subsidiary of Penn. There can be no assurance that Penn will be able to fully satisfy these indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if the Company ultimately succeeds in recovering from Penn any amounts for which the Company is liable, it may be temporarily required to bear those losses.

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal and administrative proceedings relating to personal injuries, employment matters, commercial transactions, and other matters arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the final outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In addition, the Company maintains what it believes is adequate insurance coverage to further mitigate the risks of such proceedings. However, such proceedings can be costly, time consuming, and unpredictable and, therefore, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of such proceedings may not materially impact the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Further, no assurance can be given that the amount or scope of existing insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover losses arising from such matters. 
Employee Benefit Plans
The Company maintains a defined contribution plan under the provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which covers all eligible employees. The plan enables participating employees to defer a portion of their salary and/or their annual bonus in a retirement fund to be administered by the Company. The Company makes a discretionary match contribution of 50% of employees' elective salary deferrals, up to a maximum of 6% of eligible employee compensation. The matching contributions for the defined contribution plan were $0.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017.2019.
The Company maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that covers most management and other highly-compensated employees. The plan allows the participants to defer, on a pre-tax basis, a portion of their base annual salary and/or their annual bonus, and earn tax-deferred earnings on these deferrals. The plan also provides for matching Company contributions that vest over a five-year period. The Company has established a Trust, and transfers to the Trust, on a periodic basis, an amount necessary to provide for its respective future liabilities with respect to participant deferral and Company contribution amounts. The Company's matching contributions for the non-qualified deferred compensation plan for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 2018 and 2017 were $0.6$0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The Company's deferred compensation liability, which was included in other liabilities within the consolidated balance sheet,Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $25.2$33.8 million and $22.8$32.4 million at December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. Assets held in the Trust were $28.9$34.5 million and $22.7$35.5 million at December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively, and are included in other assets within the consolidated balance sheet.Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Labor Agreements
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Some of Hollywood Casino Perryville's employees are currently represented by labor unions. The Seafarers Entertainment and Allied Trade Union represents 145 of Hollywood Casino Perryville's employees under an agreement that expires in January 2032. Additionally, United Industrial Service Transportation Professional and Government Workers of North America and Local No. 27 United Food and Commercial Workers represent certain employees under collective bargaining agreements that expire in 2020 and 2032, respectively, neither of which represents more than 50 of Hollywood Casino Perryville's employees. If the Company fails to renew or modify existing agreements on satisfactory terms, this failure could have a material adverse effect on Hollywood Casino Perryville's business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that Hollywood Casino Perryville will be able to maintain these agreements.



12.14. Revenue Recognition

Revenues from Real Estate

As of December 31, 2019,2021, 19 of the Company’s real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Penn under the Penn Master Lease, an additional 12 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Penn under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, 56 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of EldoradoCaesars under the EldoradoAmended and Restated Caesars Master Lease, and 3 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Boyd under the Boyd Master Lease, 2 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Bally's under the Bally's Master Lease and 2 of the Company's real estate properties were leased to a subsidiary of Casino Queen under the Casino Queen Master Lease. Additionally, the Meadows real estate assets are leased to Penn pursuant to the Meadows Lease and the land under a Penn development facility subject to the Morgantown Lease. Finally, the Company has single property triple-net lease (the "Meadows Lease")triple net leases with Caesars under the Lumière Place Lease, Boyd under the Belterra Park Lease, Penn under the Perryville Lease and Cordish under the Casino Queen real estate assets are leased back to the operator under an additional single property triple-net lease.Maryland Live! Lease.

Guarantees
The obligations under the Penn Master Lease and Amended Pinnacle Master Leases,Lease, as well as the Meadows Lease, Perryville Lease and Morgantown Lease are guaranteed by Penn and, with respect to each lease, jointly and severally by Penn's subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities covered by such lease. Similarly, the obligations under the EldoradoAmended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and Bally's Master Lease are jointly and severally guaranteed by Eldoradothe parent company and by most of Eldorado'sthe subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities leased under the Eldorado Master Lease.facilities. The obligations under the Boyd Master LeasesLease are jointly and severally guaranteed by Boyd's subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities leased under the Boyd Master Lease. The obligations under the Maryland Live! Lease are guaranteed by the subsidiary that operates the facility.

Rent
The rent structure under the Penn Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is prospectively adjusted, subject to certain floors (namely the Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course property due to Penn's opening of a competing facility) (i) every five years to an amount equal to 4% of the average net revenues of all facilities under the Penn Master Lease (other than Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo) during the preceding five years in excess of a contractual baseline, and (ii) monthly by an amount equal to 20% of the net revenues of Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo during the preceding month.month in excess of a contractual baseline, although Hollywood Casino Toledo has a monthly percentage rent floor which equals $22.9 million annually.

Similar to the Penn Master Lease, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease also includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is prospectively adjusted, subject to certain floors (namely the Bossier City Boomtown property due to Penn's acquisition of a competing facility, Margaritaville Resort Casino), every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of all facilities under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease during the preceding two years.

years in excess of a contractual baseline. The EldoradoAmended Pinnacle Master Lease includesreset on May 1, 2020 which resulted in an annual decline of $5.0 million.

On July 23, 2020, the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease became effective as described more fully in Note 1. This modification was accounted for as a fixed component,new lease which the Company concluded continued to meet the criteria for operating lease treatment. As a portionresult, the existing deferred revenue at the time of the amendment is being recognized to the income statement over the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease's new initial lease term, which is subjectnow expires in September 2038. The Company has concluded the renewal options of up to an annualadditional 20 years at the tenants' option are not reasonably certain of being exercised as failure to renew would not result in a significant penalty to the tenant. In the fifth and sixth lease years the building base rent escalates at 1.25%. In the seventh and eighth lease years it escalates at 1.75% and then escalates at 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are metin the ninth lease year and each lease year thereafter. In addition, the guaranteed fixed escalations in the new initial lease term will be recognized on a component that is based onstraight line basis.

On December 18, 2020, following the performancereceipt of required regulatory approvals, the Company and Caesars completed an Exchange Agreement with subsidiaries of Caesars in which Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of Waterloo and Bettendorf in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville, plus a cash payment of $5.7 million. The Waterloo and Bettendorf facilities were added to the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and the rent was increased by $520,000 annually. This Exchange Transaction resulted in a reconsideration of the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease which resulted in the continuation of operating lease
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treatment for accounting classification purposes. Additionally, a non cash gain of $41.4 million was recorded in other income which reflected the fair value of the Waterloo and Bettendorf facilities which is adjusted, subject to certain floors every two years to an amount equal to 4%exceeded the net book value of the average annual net revenuesTropicana Evansville property and the $5.7 million payment at the date of all facilities under the Eldorado Master Lease during the preceding two years.exchange.

 The Boyd Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is adjusted, subject to certain floors every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of all facilities under the Boyd Master Lease during the preceding two years.years in excess of a contractual baseline.

In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to the Belterra Park Lease with a Boyd affiliate operating the property.The Belterra Park Lease rent terms are consistent with the Boyd Master Lease.The annual rent is comprised of a fixed component, part of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities which is adjusted, every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of Belterra Park during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline.

On September 29, 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Lumière Place in satisfaction of the CZR loan, subject to the Lumière Place Lease, the initial term of which expires on October 31, 2033, with 4 separate renewal options of five years each, exercisable at the tenants' option. The Lumière Place Lease's rent terms were adjusted on December 1, 2021 such that the annual escalator is now fixed at 1.25% for the second through fifth lease years, increasing to 1.75% for the sixth and seventh lease years and thereafter increasing by 2.0% for the remainder of the lease.

The Meadows Lease contains a fixed component, subject to annual escalators, and a component that is based on the performance of the facility, which is reset every two years to an amount determined by multiplying (i) 4% by (ii) the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing two-year period. The Meadows Lease contains an annual escalator provision for up to 5% of the base rent, if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, which remains at 5% until the earlier of ten years or the year in which total rent is $31.0 million, at which point the escalator will be reduced to 2% annually thereafter.

The Morgantown Lease became effective on October 1, 2020 whereby the Company is leasing the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction for an initial cash rent structureof $3.0 million, provided, however, that (i) on the opening date and on each anniversary thereafter the rent shall be increased by 1.5% annually (on a prorated basis for the remainder of the lease year in which the gaming facility opens) for each of the following three lease years and (ii) commencing on the fourth anniversary of the opening date and for each anniversary thereafter, (a) if the CPI increase is at least 0.5% for any lease year, the rent for such lease year shall increase by 1.25% of rent as of the immediately preceding lease year, and (b) if the CPI increase is less than 0.5% for such lease year, then the rent shall not increase for such lease year.

The initial rent under the Casino Queen Master Lease is $21.4 million and such amount increases annually by 0.5% for the first six years. Beginning with the seventh lease year through the remainder of the lease term, if the CPI increases by at least 0.25% for any lease year then annual rent shall be increased by 1.25%, and if the CPI increase is less than 0.25% then rent will remain unchanged for such lease year. The Company will also includescomplete the current landside development project that is in process and rent under the Casino Queen Master Lease will be adjusted to reflect a fixed component, a portionyield of 8.25% on GLPI's project costs.

The Perryville Lease that became effective on July 1, 2021 has an initial annual rent of $7.77 million, $5.83 million of which will be subject to escalation provisions beginning in the second lease year through the fourth lease year and increasing by 1.50% during such period and then increasing by 1.25% for the remaining lease term. The escalation provisions beginning in the fifth lease year are subject to the CPI being at least 0.5% for the preceding lease year.

The Bally's Master Lease rent is $40 million annually and is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% escalator if certaindetermined in relation to the annual increase in CPI.

The Maryland Live! Lease rent coverage ratio thresholds are met,is $75 million and a component that is based onincreases by 1.75% upon the performancesecond anniversary of the facility, which is reset every five years tolease commencement. This lease was accounted for as an amount equal to the greater of (i) the annual amount of non-fixed rent applicableInvestment in leases, financing receivable. See Note 8 for the lease year immediately preceding such rent reset year and (ii) an amount equalfurther information including the future annual cash payments to 4% ofbe received under the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing five-year period.lease.

Furthermore, the Company's master leases provide for a floor on the percentage rent described above, should the Company's tenants acquire or commence operating a competing facility within a restricted area (typically 60 miles from a property under the existing master lease with such tenant). These clauses provide landlord protections by basing the percentage rent floor for any affected facility on the net revenues of such facility for the calendar year immediately preceding the year in
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which the competing facility is acquired or first operated by the tenant. In June 2019, aA percentage rent floor was triggered on

Penn's Hollywood Casino Toledo property, as a result of Penn's purchase of the operations of the Greektown Casino-Hotel in Detroit, Michigan.Michigan and a percentage rent floor on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was triggered on the Bossier City Boomtown property due to Penn's acquisition of Margaritaville Resort Casino.Additionally, a percentage rent floor was triggered on the Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course in connection with Penn opening a facility in York, Pennsylvania which will go into effect at the next reset.

Costs

In addition to rent, as triple-net lessees, all of the Company's tenants are required to pay the following executory costs: (1) all facility maintenance, (2) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties, including coverage of the landlord's interests, (3) taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on the income of the lessor) and (4) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties.

Lease terms

The Company determined, based on facts and circumstances prevailing at the time of each lease's inception, that neither Penn nor Casino Queen could continue as a going concern without the property(ies) that are leased to them under the respective master lease agreement (inPenn Master Lease and the instance of Penn) and single property lease (in the instance of Casino Queen) with the Company.Queen Master Lease. At lease inception, all of Casino Queen's revenues and substantially all of Penn's revenues were generated from operations in connection with the leased properties. There are also various legal restrictions in the jurisdictions in which Penn and Casino Queen operate that limit the availability and location of gaming facilities, which makes relocation or replacement of the leased gaming facilities restrictive and potentially impracticable or unavailable. Moreover, under the terms of the master lease,Penn Master Lease, Penn must make renewal elections with respect to all of the leased property together; the tenant is not entitled to selectively renew certain of the leased property while not renewing other property. Accordingly, the Company concluded that failure by Penn or Casino Queen to renew the leasePenn Master Lease or Casino Queen Lease, respectively, would impose a significant penalty on such tenant such that renewal of all lease renewal options appeared at lease inception to be reasonably assured. Therefore, the Company concluded that the term of the Penn Master Lease and the Casino Queen Lease is 35 years, equal to the initial 15-year term plus all 4 of the 5-year renewal options.

As discussedThe Casino Queen Master Lease became effective December 17, 2021 and required an accounting reassessment due to changes in Note 18,the rent and lease terms. The Company concluded the lease term is limited to its initial 15 year term. This was due to several factors that were not present at the inception of the original Casino Queen Lease. Since the formation of the Company on November 1, 2013, the Company has reassessed four of its nine leases that were originated prior to 2021. All four of these reassessments were done before the completion of their original initial lease terms. Additionally, Pinnacle sold its operations to Penn for fair value whose underlying real estate for the casino operations were leased from the Company. Finally, additional competitive threats have emerged in the regional markets for the properties in the Casino Queen Master Lease that were not present previously, particularly in the state of Illinois with respect to additional competitive pressures from video gaming terminals that have rapidly expanded in the state and continue to take market share from land based casinos. We believe all these factors preclude the Company from concluding all renewal periods are reasonably assured to be exercised in the Casino Queen Master Lease.

On October 15, 2018, in conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Pinnacle Master Lease was amended by a fourth amendment to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd. As a result of this amendment, the Company reassessed the lease's classification and determined the new lease agreementAmended Pinnacle Master Lease qualified for operating lease treatment under ASC 840. Therefore, subsequent to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety. Because the properties under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease did not represent a meaningful portion of Penn's business at the time Penn assumed the lease,Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Company concluded that the lease term of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is 10 years, equal to the initial 10-year term only.

In connection with Penn exercising its first renewal option on October 1, 2020, the Company reassessed the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease as the lease term now concludes on May 1, 2031. The Company continued to conclude that each individual lease component within the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease meets the definition of an operating lease. The deferred rent and fixed minimum lease payments at October 1, 2020 are being recognized on a straight-line basis over the new initial lease term ending on May 1, 2031.

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Because the Meadows Lease was a single property lease operated by a large multi-property operator, GLPI concluded it was not reasonably assured at lease inception that the operator would elect to exercise allany lease renewal options. Therefore, the Company concluded that the lease term of the Meadows Lease is 10 years, equal to the initial 10-year term only. In conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, Penn assumed the Meadows Lease from Pinnacle. The accounting for the Meadows Lease, including the lease term was not impacted by the change in tenant. Based upon similar fact patterns, the Company concluded it was not reasonably assured at lease inception that EldoradoCaesars or Boyd would elect to exercise all lease renewal options under their respective master leases. Thethe Caesars Master Lease and the Boyd Master Lease as the earnings from these properties under each of the master leases did not represent a meaningful portion of either tenant's business at lease inception; therefore, the Company concluded that the lease term of the EldoradoAmended and Restated Caesars Master Lease is 15was its remaining initial lease term which was extended by 5 years when the Amended and theRestated Caesars Master Lease became effective on July 23, 2020. The lease term of the Boyd Master Lease is 10 years, equal to the initial termsterm of such master lease.

The Belterra Park Lease, Perryville Lease, Morgantown Lease, Maryland Live! Lease and Lumière Park Lease are single property leases only.operated by large-multi-property operators and as such the Company concluded it was not reasonably assured at lease inception that the operator would elect to exercise any renewal options; as such the lease term of these leases is equal to their initial terms.


Details of the Company's rental income for the year ended December 31, 20192021 was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Building base rent (1)
$726,542 
Land base rent206,604 
Percentage rent150,725 
Total cash rental income$1,083,871 
Straight-line rent adjustments3,993 
Ground rent in revenue18,587 
Other rental revenue207 
Total rental income$1,106,658 
 Year Ended December 31, 2019
Building base rent (1)
$659,620
Land base rent190,168
Percentage rent159,107
Total cash rental income$1,008,895
Straight-line rent adjustments(34,574)
Ground rent in revenue21,347
Other rental revenue498
Total rental income$996,166


(1) Building base rent is subject to the annual rent escalators described above.


As of December 31, 2019,2021, the future minimum rental income from the Company's rental properties under non-cancelable operating leases, including any reasonably assured renewal periods, was as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Future Rental Payments Receivable Straight-Line Rent Adjustments Future Base Ground Rents Receivable Future Income to be Recognized Related to Operating Leases
2020$959,603
 $(2,567) $12,223
 $969,259
2021926,874
 21,786
 12,045
 960,705
2022926,874
 21,786
 12,051
 960,711
2023920,236
 21,786
 12,057
 954,079
2024887,046
 21,786
 12,063
 920,895
Thereafter10,984,406
 243,908
 72,882
 11,301,196
Total$15,605,039
 $328,485
 $133,321
 $16,066,845

Year ending December 31,Future Rental Payments ReceivableStraight-Line Rent AdjustmentsFuture Base Ground Rents ReceivableFuture Income to be Recognized Related to Operating Leases
2022$1,055,300 $24,905 $12,311 $1,092,516 
20231,030,381 33,169 12,313 1,075,863 
2024998,598 31,805 12,315 1,042,718 
20251,000,443 30,199 12,318 1,042,960 
2026935,217 24,755 11,252 971,224 
Thereafter12,192,059 184,235 87,296 12,463,590 
Total$17,211,998 $329,068 $147,805 $17,688,871 
The table above presents the cash rent the Company expects to receive from its tenants, offset by adjustments to recognize this rent on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also includes the future non-cash revenue it expects to recognize from the fixed portion of tenant paid ground leases in the table above. For further details on these tenant paid ground leases, refer to Note 7.9.
The Company may periodically loan funds to casino owner-operators for the purchase of real estate. Interest income related to real estate loans is recorded as revenue from real estate within the Company's consolidated statements of income in
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the period earned. At December 31, 2019, the Company has two loans, the proceeds of which were used to acquire real estate, the Belterra Park Loan and the Eldorado Loan. During the years ended December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company recognized interest income from these real estate loans of $19.1 million and $28.9 million, and $6.9 million, respectively. No loans were outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Gaming, Food, Beverage and Other Revenues
Gaming revenue generated by the TRS Properties mainly consists of revenue from slot machines, and to a lesser extent, table game and poker revenue. Gaming revenue is recognized net of certain sales incentives, including promotional allowances in accordance with ASC 606. The Company also defers a portion of the revenue received from customers (who participate in the points-based loyalty programs) at the time of play until a later period when the points are redeemed or forfeited. Other revenues at our TRS Properties are derived from our dining, retail and certain other ancillary activities. During the years ended December 31, 20192021, 2020 and 2018,2019, the Company recognized gaming, food, beverage and other revenue of $128.4$109.7 million, $103.0 million, and $132.5$128.4 million, respectively.


Finally, the Company recorded $3.5 million of insurance recoveries related to business interruption insurance at December 31, 2021 related to the temporary closures of the Company's TRS Properties during 2020. This amount was recorded as a reduction in other expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
13.
15.    Stock-Based Compensation
As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company had 1,750,8573,397,430 shares available for future issuance under the Amended 2013 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2013 Plan"). The 2013 Plan provides for the Company to issue restricted stock awards, including performance-based restricted stock awards and other equity or cash based awards to employees. Any director, employee or consultant shall be eligible to receive such awards. The Company issues new authorized common shares to satisfy stock option exercises and restricted stock award releases.
As of December 31, 2019,2021, there was $5.1$3.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost for restricted stock awards that will be recognized over the grants' remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.621.69 years. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, the Company recognized $7.5$7.2 million, $4.7$9.3 million and $6.0$7.5 million, respectively, of compensation expense associated with these awards. The total fair value of awards released during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, 2018was $9.9 million, $13.7 million and 2017, was $10.1 million, $10.0 million and $7.3 million, respectively.

The following table contains information on restricted stock award activity for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018:2020:

        
 Number of
Award
Shares		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019316,971 $34.10 
Granted275,456 $28.29 
Released(331,868)$25.65 
Canceled(7,999)$38.46 
Outstanding at December 31, 2020252,560 $38.72 
Granted237,492 $29.82 
Released(233,539)$27.07 
Canceled(1,849)$40.99 
Outstanding at December 31, 2021254,664 $41.10 
 
Number of
Award
Shares
 Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017344,744
 $29.69
Granted283,183
 $23.34
Released(273,286) $18.16
Canceled(54,999) $33.34
Outstanding at December 31, 2018299,642
 $33.53
Granted317,290
 $22.69
Released(299,961) $21.47
Canceled—
 $—
Outstanding at December 31, 2019316,971
 $34.10


Performance-based restricted stock awards have a three-year cliff vesting with the amount of restricted shares vesting at the end of the three-year period determined based upon the Company’s performance as measured against its peers. More specifically, the percentage of shares vesting at the end of the measurement period will be based on the Company’s three-year total shareholder return measured against the three-year total shareholder return of the companies included in the MSCI US REIT index and the Company's stock performance ranking among a group of triple-net REIT peer companies. The triple-net measurement group includes publicly traded REITs, which the Company believes derive at least 75% of revenues from triple-net leases and meet a minimum market capitalization. As of December 31, 2019,2021, there was $8.9$11.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost for performance-based restricted stock awards, which will be recognized over the awards' remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.671.72 years.  For the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, the Company
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recognized $8.7$9.6 million, $6.4$10.7 million and $9.7$8.7 million, respectively, of compensation expense associated with these awards. The total fair value of performance-based stock awards released during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $14.9 million, $23.4 million, and 2018 was $14.7 million and $20.1 million, respectively. No performance-based stock awards were released during the year ended December 31, 2017.


The following table contains information on performance-based restricted stock award activity for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018:2020:

        
Number of  Performance-Based Award SharesWeighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20191,383,334 $18.77 
Granted504,000 $23.62 
Released(561,667)$18.51 
Canceled(131,673)$20.74 
Outstanding at December 31, 20201,193,994 $20.72 
Granted478,000 $24.89 
Released(366,888)$20.64 
Canceled— $— 
Outstanding at December 31, 20211,305,106 $22.27 
 Number of  Performance-Based Award Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20171,664,000
 $17.49
Granted556,000
 $20.64
Released(548,000) $17.29
Canceled(330,000) $18.60
Outstanding at December 31, 20181,342,000
 $18.60
Granted512,000
 $17.85
Released(447,334) $17.22
Canceled(23,332) $18.63
Outstanding at December 31, 20191,383,334
 $18.77


14.16.    Income Taxes
The Company elected on its U.S. federal income tax return for its taxable year that began on January 1, 2014 to be treated as a REIT. The benefits of the intended REIT conversion on the Company's tax provision and effective income tax rate are reflected in the tables below. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are provided for the effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the corporate tax rate was permanently lowered from the previous maximum rate of 35% to 21%, effective for tax years including or commencing January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate tax rate, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles required companies to re-value their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of the enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reported period of enactment. As such, the Company revalued its net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017. This revaluation resulted in a reduction in the value of its net deferred tax asset of approximately $1.8 million, which was recorded as additional income tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2017.
The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities related to its TRS, are as follows:
Year ended December 31,20212020
 (in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:  
Accrued expenses$— $1,508 
Property and equipment— 6,443 
Interest expense1,560 1,170 
Net operating losses438 310 
Gross deferred tax assets1,998 9,431 
Less: valuation allowance(1,758)(1,731)
Net deferred tax assets240 7,700 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Property and equipment(240)(556)
Intangibles— (1,813)
Net deferred tax liabilities(240)(2,369)
Net:$— $5,331 
Year ended December 31,2019 2018
 (in thousands)
Deferred tax assets: 
  
Accrued expenses$1,597
 $1,416
Property and equipment5,844
 5,405
Interest expense596
 313
Net deferred tax assets8,037
 7,134
Deferred tax liabilities: 
  
Property and equipment(624) (757)
Intangibles(1,636) (1,460)
Net deferred tax liabilities(2,260) (2,217)
Net:$5,777
 $4,917


The carrying amounts of deferred tax assets have been reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. In assessing the requirement for, and amount of, a valuation allowance in accordance with the more likely than not standard for all periods, the Company gives appropriate consideration to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets.

97


As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets was $1.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively.The valuation allowance balance is associated mainly with net operating losses, disallowed interest expense carryforward, and other additional deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets, net are included within other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The provision for income taxes charged to operations for years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019 was as follows:
Year ended December 31,2019
2018
2017
 (in thousands)
Current tax expense 

 

 
Federal$3,005
 $2,856
 $7,039
State2,514
 2,630
 3,309
Total current5,519
 5,486
 10,348
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 

 

 
Federal(667) (512) (166)
State(88) (10) (395)
Total deferred(755) (522) (561)
Total provision$4,764
 $4,964
 $9,787

Year ended December 31,202120202019
 (in thousands)
Current tax expense   
Federal$16,363 $1,111 $3,005 
State6,653 2,315 2,514 
Total current23,016 3,426 5,519 
Deferred tax (benefit) expense   
Federal3,534 467 (667)
State1,792 (16)(88)
Total deferred5,326 451 (755)
Total provision$28,342 $3,877 $4,764 
The following tables reconcile the statutory federal income tax rate to the actual effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017:2019:
Year ended December 31,2019
2018
2017Year ended December 31,202120202019
Percent of pretax income 

 

 
Percent of pretax income   
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate21.0 % 21.0 % 35.0 %U.S. federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Deferred tax impact of TRS tax-free liquidationDeferred tax impact of TRS tax-free liquidation2.3 %— %— %
State and local income taxes0.5 % 0.6 % 0.6 %State and local income taxes0.7 %0.4 %0.5 %
Federal tax rate change— % — % 0.5 %
Valuation allowanceValuation allowance0.3 %0.3 %— %
REIT conversion benefit(20.3)% (23.8)% (33.6)%REIT conversion benefit(19.3)%(21.0)%(20.3)%
Goodwill impairment charges— % 3.6 % — %Goodwill impairment charges— %— %— %
Other miscellaneous itemsOther miscellaneous items— %0.1 %— %

1.2 % 1.4 % 2.5 %5.0 %0.8 %1.2 %
 

The increase in the effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily due to the sale of the membership interests of Louisiana Casino Cruises, LLC, the sale of the membership interests of Penn Cecil Maryland, LLC and the liquidation of GLP Holdings, Inc.

Year ended December 31,202120202019
 (in thousands)
Amount based upon pretax income   
U.S. federal statutory income tax$118,110 $107,013 $83,086 
Deferred tax impact of TRS tax-free liquidation13,036 — — 
State and local income taxes3,763 1,955 2,051 
Valuation allowance1,758 1,731 — 
REIT conversion benefit(108,315)(106,839)(80,397)
Permanent differences11 16 23 
Other miscellaneous items(21)1 1 
$28,342 $3,877 $4,764 

98
Year ended December 31,2019 2018 2017
 (in thousands)
Amount based upon pretax income 
  
  
U.S. federal statutory income tax$83,086
 $72,341
 $136,636
State and local income taxes2,051
 2,246
 2,284
Federal tax rate change—
 —
 1,818
REIT conversion benefit(80,397) (82,151) (130,876)
Goodwill impairment charges—
 12,485
 —
Permanent differences23
 19
 49
Other miscellaneous items1
 24
 (124)
 $4,764
 $4,964
 $9,787


The Company is still subject to federal income tax examinations for its years ended December 31, 20162017 and forward.


15.17. Earnings Per Share

The following table reconciles the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic EPS to the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of diluted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017:2019: 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (in thousands)
Determination of shares:  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding235,472 218,817 214,667 
Assumed conversion of restricted stock awards153 76 117 
Assumed conversion of performance-based restricted stock awards606 880 1,002 
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding236,231 219,773 215,786 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
 (in thousands)
Determination of shares: 
  
  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding214,667
 213,720
 210,705
Assumed conversion of employee stock-based awards—
 206
 644
Assumed conversion of restricted stock awards117
 80
 155
Assumed conversion of performance-based restricted stock awards1,002
 773
 1,248
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding215,786
 214,779
 212,752


The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the Company’s common stock for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017:2019: 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (in thousands, except per share data)
Calculation of basic EPS:  
Net income attributable to common shareholders$534,047 $505,711 $390,881 
Less: Net income allocated to participating securities(346)(583)(576)
Net income for earnings per share purposes$533,701 $505,128 $390,305 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding235,472 218,817 214,667 
Basic EPS$2.27 $2.31 $1.82 
Calculation of diluted EPS:  
Net income attributable to common shareholders$534,047 $505,711 $390,881 
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding236,231 219,773 215,786 
Diluted EPS$2.26 $2.30 $1.81 
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share70 — — 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
 (in thousands, except per share and share amounts)
Calculation of basic EPS: 
  
  
Net income$390,881
 $339,516
 $380,598
Less: Net income allocated to participating securities(576) (475) (622)
Net income attributable to common shareholders$390,305
 $339,041
 $379,976
Weighted-average common shares outstanding214,667
 213,720
 210,705
Basic EPS$1.82
 $1.59
 $1.80
      
Calculation of diluted EPS: 
  
  
Net income$390,881
 $339,516
 $380,598
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding215,786
 214,779
 212,752
Diluted EPS$1.81
 $1.58
 $1.79
      
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)—
 13,335
 3,483


16.18.     Shareholders' Equity

Common Stock

ATM Program

On August 14, 2019, the Company commenced a continuous equity offering under which the Company may sell up to an aggregate of $600 million of its common stock from time to time through a sales agent in "at the market" offerings (the "2019 ATM Program"). Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the trading price of the Company's common stock and determinations of the appropriate sources of funding. The Company may sell the shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Company, but has no obligation to sell any of the shares in the 2019 ATM Program. The 2019 ATM Program also allows the Company to enter into forward sale agreements. In no event will the aggregate number of shares sold under the 2019 ATM Program (whether under any forward sale agreement or through a sales agent), have an aggregate sales price in excess of $600 million. The Company expects, that if it enters into a forward sale contract, to physically settle each forward sale agreement with the forward purchaser on one or more dates specified by the Company prior to the maturity date of that particular forward sale agreement, in which case the aggregate net cash proceeds at settlement will equal the number of shares underlying the particular forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant forward sale price. However, the Company may also elect to cash settle or net share settle a particular forward sale agreement, in which case proceeds may or may not be received or cash may be owed to the forward purchaser.


99


In connection with the 2019 ATM Program, the Company engaged a sales agent who may receive compensation of up to 2% of the gross sales price of the shares sold. Similarly, in the event the Company enters into a forward sale agreement, it will pay the relevant forward seller a commission of up to 2% of the sales price of all borrowed shares of common stock sold during the applicable selling period of the forward sale agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, GLPI sold 1,500 shares5,539,709 of its common stock at an average price of $43.17$49.07 per share under the 2019 ATM Program, which generated grossnet proceeds of approximately $65 thousand. The$270.7 million. Program commencement to date, the Company incurred legal and other fees in connection with the ATM Program, which resulted in net costs of $255 thousand. During the year ended December 31, 2017, GLPIhas sold 3,864,872 shares5,549,180 of its common stock at an average price of $36.22$49.06 per share, under a previously authorized ATM Program, which generated grossnet proceeds of approximately $140.0 million (net proceeds of approximately $139.4 million). The Company used the net proceeds from the 2017 sales to partially fund its acquisition of the Tunica Properties' real estate assets.$270.6 million. As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company had $599.9$327.7 million remaining for issuance under the 2019 ATM Program and had not entered into any forward sale agreements.

During the fourth quarter of 2021 and 2020, the Company issued 8.9 million shares at $44.24 per share and 9.2 million shares at $36.25 per share, respectively of common stock to partially finance the funding required for the Cordish and Bally's transactions, respectively. See Note 7 for further details.

Noncontrolling Interests

As partial consideration for the Cordish transaction (See Note 1), the Company's operating partnership issued 4,348,774 newly-issued operating partnership units ("OP Units") to affiliates of Cordish. The OP Units are exchangeable for common shares of the Company on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain terms and conditions. As a result of the contribution, the OP became treated as a regarded partnership for income tax purposes, with the REIT being deemed to contribute substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the REIT in exchange for the general partnership and a majority of the limited partnership interests, and a minority limited partnership interest being owned by Cordish (the "UPREIT Transaction"). As of December 31, 2021, the Company holds a 98.28% controlling financial interest in the operating partnership. The operating partnership is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary because it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the partnership's economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Therefore, the Company consolidates the accounts of the operating partnership, and reflects the third party ownership in this entity as a noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

100


The following table lists the regular dividends declared and paid by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017:2019:

Declaration Date Shareholder Record Date Securities Class Dividend Per Share Period Covered Distribution Date Dividend Amount
            (in thousands)
2019            
February 19, 2019 March 8, 2019 Common Stock $0.68
 First Quarter 2019 March 22, 2019 $145,954
May 28, 2019 June 14, 2019 Common Stock $0.68
 Second Quarter 2019 June 28, 2019 $145,978
August 20, 2019 September 6, 2019 Common Stock $0.68
 Third Quarter 2019 September 20, 2019 $145,984
November 26, 2019 December 13, 2019 Common Stock $0.70
 Fourth Quarter 2019 December 27, 2019 $150,285
2018            
February 1, 2018 March 9, 2018 Common Stock $0.63
 First Quarter 2018 March 23, 2018 $134,490
April 24, 2018 June 15, 2018 Common Stock $0.63
 Second Quarter 2018 June 29, 2018 $134,631
July 31, 2018 September 7, 2018 Common Stock $0.63
 Third Quarter 2018 September 21, 2018 $134,844
October 12, 2018 December 14, 2018 Common Stock $0.68
 Fourth Quarter 2018 December 28, 2018 $145,627
2017            
February 1, 2017 March 13, 2017 Common Stock $0.62
 First Quarter 2017 March 24, 2017 $129,007
April 25, 2017 June 16, 2017 Common Stock $0.62
 Second Quarter 2017 June 30, 2017 $131,554
July 25, 2017 September 8, 2017 Common Stock $0.63
 Third Quarter 2017 September 22, 2017 $133,936
October 19, 2017 December 1, 2017 Common Stock $0.63
 Fourth Quarter 2017 December 15, 2017 $133,942

Declaration DateShareholder Record DateSecurities ClassDividend Per SharePeriod CoveredDistribution Date
Dividend Amount (1) (2)
(in thousands)
2021
February 22, 2021March 9, 2021Common Stock$0.65 First Quarter 2021March 23, 2021$151,308 
May 20, 2021June 11, 2021Common Stock$0.67 Second Quarter 2021June 25, 2021$156,876 
August 27, 2021September 10, 2021Common Stock$0.67 Third Quarter 2021September 24, 2021$159,426 
November 29, 2021December 9, 2021Common Stock$0.67 Fourth Quarter 2021December 23, 2021$165,628 
December 17, 2021December 27, 2021Common Stock$0.24 Fourth Quarter 2021January 7, 2022$59,330 
2020
February 20, 2020March 6, 2020Common Stock$0.70 First Quarter 2020March 20, 2020$150,574 
April 29, 2020May 13, 2020Common Stock$0.60 Second Quarter 2020June 26, 2020$129,071 
August 6, 2020August 17, 2020Common Stock$0.60 Third Quarter 2020September 25, 2020$130,697 
November 5, 2020November 16, 2020Common Stock$0.60 Fourth Quarter 2020December 24, 2020$137,943 
2019
February 19, 2019March 8, 2019Common Stock$0.68 First Quarter 2019March 22, 2019$145,954 
May 28, 2019June 14, 2019Common Stock$0.68 Second Quarter 2019June 28, 2019$145,978 
August 20, 2019September 6, 2019Common Stock$0.68 Third Quarter 2019September 20, 2019$145,984 
November 26, 2019December 13, 2019Common Stock$0.70 Fourth Quarter 2019December 27, 2019$150,285 

(1) Dividend distributed on June 26, 2020 was paid $25.8 million in cash and $103.2 million in stock (2,697,946 shares at $38.2643). Dividend distributed on September 25, 2020 was paid $26.2 million in cash and $104.5 million in stock (2,767,704 shares at $37.7635). Dividend distributed on December 24, 2020 was paid $27.6 million in cash and $110.3 million in stock (2,543,675 shares at $43.3758). For accounting purposes, since the Company is in an accumulated deficit position the value of the stock dividend was recorded at its par value.

(2) On December 17, 2021, the Company declared a special earnings and profits dividend related to the sale of the operations at Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge of $0.24 per share on the Company's common stock. The dividend was accrued in 2021 and paid on January 7, 2022. In addition, dividend payments of $61 thousand were made to GLPI restricted stock award holders.

In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, dividend payments were made to or accrued for GLPI restricted stock award holders and for both GLPI and Penn unvested employee stock options in the amount of $0.9$0.7 million, $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Dividends distributed to the Company's employees on June 26, 2020 were paid $33 thousand in cash and $153 thousand in stock (4,006 shares at $38.2643). Dividends distributed to the Company's employees on September 25, 2020 were paid $32 thousand in cash and $217 thousand in stock (5,746 shares at $37.7635). Dividends distributed to the Company's employees on December 24, 2020 were paid $34 thousand in cash and $118 thousand in stock (2,722 shares at $43.3758).


101


A summary of the Company's common stock distributions for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019 is as follows (unaudited):

 Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
 (in dollars per share)
Qualified dividends$0.0387
 $0.0391
 $0.0543
Non-qualified dividends2.2649
 2.2955
 2.2436
Capital gains0.0353
 0.0270
 0.0371
Non-taxable return of capital0.4011
 0.2084
 0.1650
Total distributions per common share$2.74
 $2.57
 $2.50
      
Percentage classified as qualified dividends1.41% 1.52% 2.17%
Percentage classified as non-qualified dividends82.66% 89.32% 89.75%
Percentage classified as capital gains1.29% 1.05% 1.48%
Percentage classified as non-taxable return of capital14.64% 8.11% 6.60%
 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%




Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
(in dollars per share)
Qualified dividends$0.22552 $— $0.0387 
Non-qualified dividends2.58944 2.4517 2.2649 
Capital gains0.01199 0.0025 0.0353 
Non-taxable return of capital0.03215 0.0458 0.4011 
Total distributions per common share (1)
$2.86 $2.50 $2.74 
Percentage classified as qualified dividends7.89 %— %1.41 %
Percentage classified as non-qualified dividends90.57 %98.07 %82.66 %
Percentage classified as capital gains0.42 %0.10 %1.29 %
Percentage classified as non-taxable return of capital1.12 %1.83 %14.64 %
100.00 %100.00 %100.00 %
17.
(1) A portion of the $0.24 dividend declared on December 27, 2021 and paid on January 7, 2022 is treated as a 2022 distribution for federal income tax purposes.


102


19.    Segment Information
 
The following tables present certain information with respect to the Company’s segments. As discussed in Note 1, due to the recently completed transactions in the TRS Segment, the Company anticipates that GLP Capital will be the Company's only reportable segment in 2022. Intersegment revenues between the Company’s segments were not material in any of the periods presented below.
 
GLP CapitalTRS SegmentTotal
 
GLP Capital (1)
 TRS Properties Total(in thousands)
 (in thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2019      
For the year ended December 31, 2021For the year ended December 31, 2021
Total revenues $1,025,082
 $128,391
 $1,153,473
Total revenues$1,102,653 $113,698 $1,216,351 
Income from operations 694,215
 23,208
 717,423
Income from operations781,226 60,542 841,768 
Interest expense 291,114
 10,406
 301,520
Interest expense (1)
Interest expense (1)
265,634 17,403 283,037 
Income before income taxes 382,841
 12,804
 395,645
Income before income taxes515,787 46,641 562,428 
Income tax expense 657
 4,107
 4,764
Income tax expense904 27,438 28,342 
Net income 382,184
 8,697
 390,881
Net income514,883 19,203 534,086 
Depreciation 232,708
 7,727
 240,435
Depreciation232,214 4,220 236,434 
Capital project expenditures —
 —
 —
Capital project expenditures9,834 4,092 13,926 
Capital maintenance expenditures 22
 2,995
 3,017
Capital maintenance expenditures65 2,205 2,270 
      
For the year ended December 31, 2018      
For the year ended December 31, 2020For the year ended December 31, 2020
Total revenues $923,182
 $132,545
 $1,055,727
Total revenues$1,050,166 $102,999 $1,153,165 
Income (loss) from operations 630,122
 (36,312) 593,810
Interest expense 237,278
 10,406
 247,684
Income (loss) before income taxes 391,196
 (46,716) 344,480
Income from operationsIncome from operations792,467 16,807 809,274 
Interest expense (1)
Interest expense (1)
266,163 15,979 282,142 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes508,757 831 509,588 
Income tax expense 855
 4,109
 4,964
Income tax expense697 3,180 3,877 
Net income (loss) 390,341
 (50,825) 339,516
Net income (loss)508,060 (2,349)505,711 
Depreciation 127,696
 9,397
 137,093
Depreciation222,041 8,932 230,973 
Capital project expenditures 20
 —
 20
Capital project expenditures— 474 474 
Capital maintenance expenditures 55
 4,229
 4,284
Capital maintenance expenditures186 2,944 3,130 
      
For the year ended December 31, 2017      
For the year ended December 31, 2019For the year ended December 31, 2019
Total revenues $829,221
 $142,086
 $971,307
Total revenues$1,025,082 $128,391 $1,153,473 
Income from operations 578,661
 26,857
 605,518
Income from operations694,215 23,208 717,423 
Interest expense 206,662
 10,406
 217,068
Interest expense (1)
Interest expense (1)
291,114 10,406 301,520 
Income before income taxes 373,931
 16,454
 390,385
Income before income taxes382,841 12,804 395,645 
Income tax expense 1,099
 8,688
 9,787
Income tax expense657 4,107 4,764 
Net income 372,832
 7,766
 380,598
Net income382,184 8,697 390,881 
Depreciation 102,652
 10,828
 113,480
Depreciation232,708 7,727 240,435 
Capital project expenditures 78
 —
 78
Capital project expenditures— — — 
Capital maintenance expenditures —
 3,178
 3,178
Capital maintenance expenditures22 2,995 3,017 
      
Balance sheet at December 31, 2019      
Balance sheet at December 31, 2021Balance sheet at December 31, 2021
Total assets $8,299,143
 $135,155
 $8,434,298
Total assets$10,386,561 $303,888 $10,690,449 
      
Balance sheet at December 31, 2018      
Balance sheet at December 31, 2020Balance sheet at December 31, 2020
Total assets $8,441,345
 $135,948
 $8,577,293
Total assets$8,590,190 $444,178 $9,034,368 
 

(1)    Interest expense is net of intercompany interest eliminations of $10.4$17.4 million for each of the yearsyear ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.


18.Acquisitions

The Company accounts for its acquisitions of real estate assets as asset acquisitions under ASC 805 - Business Combinations. Under asset acquisition accounting, transaction costs incurred2021 compared to acquire the purchased assets are also included as part of the asset cost.

Prior Year Acquisitions

2018

On October 15, 2018, in conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger the Company acquired the real property assets of Plainridge Park from Penn for approximately $250.9 million. This property was added to the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease via the fourth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease and is leased to Penn who will continue to operate the property. The initial annual cash rent of $25.0 million for Plainridge Park will not be subject to rent escalators or adjustments.

Also in conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Pinnacle Master Lease was amended via the fourth amendment to such lease to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd and to increase fixed rent under the lease by an additional $13.9 million annually. The Company entered into a new unitary triple-net master lease agreement with Boyd for these properties on terms similar to the Company’s existing master leases. As a result of the fourth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease, the Company reassessed the lease's classification and determined the new lease agreement qualified for operating lease treatment under ASC 840. Therefore, subsequent to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety, the building assets of $2.6 billion previously recorded as an investment in direct financing lease on the Company's consolidated balance sheet were recorded as real estate assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet and all rent received under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is recorded as rental income on the Company's consolidated statement of income. The Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was assumed by Penn at the consummation of the Penn-Pinnacle Merger.

On October 1, 2018, the Company acquired the real property assets of 5 casino properties from Tropicana and certain of its affiliates for approximately $992.5 million, pursuant to the Real Estate Purchase Agreement dated April 15, 2018 between Tropicana and GLP Capital, which was subsequently amended on October 1, 2018. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Real Estate Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired the real estate assets of Tropicana Atlantic City, Tropicana Evansville, Tropicana Laughlin, Trop Casino Greenville and the Belle of Baton Rouge and the rights to 6 long-term ground leases for land on which the operations of the acquired Tropicana properties reside. Concurrent with the Tropicana Acquisition, Eldorado acquired the operating assets of these properties from Tropicana pursuant to the Tropicana Merger Agreement and leased the GLP Assets from the Company pursuant to the terms of a new unitary triple-net master lease with an initial term of 15 years, with no purchase option, followed by 4 successive 5-year renewal periods (exercisable by Eldorado) on the same terms and conditions. Initial annual rent under the Eldorado Master Lease was $87.6$16.0 million and is subject to annual rent escalators and biennial percentage rent adjustments.
Purchase price allocations are primarily based on the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the time of acquisition. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation of the assets acquired in the Tropicana Acquisition (in thousands):
Real estate investments, net$948,217
Land rights, net44,331
Total purchase price$992,548

2017

On May 1, 2017, the Company acquired the real property assets of Bally's Casino Tunica (subsequently re-branded as the 1st Jackpot Casino) and Resorts Casino Tunica (the "Tunica Properties") for $82.9 million. The Company acquired both Bally's Casino Tunica and Resorts Casino Tunica, as well as the Resorts Hotel and land at Bally's Casino Tunica. Land rights to 3 long-term ground leases related to the Tunica Properties were also acquired in the transaction. Penn purchased the operating assets of the Tunica Properties directly from the seller and originally operated both properties and leased the real assets from the Company under the Penn Master Lease. On June 30, 2019, Penn closed the Resorts Casino Tunica property. The closure of this property resulted in the acceleration of depreciation and amortization of the building and land right assets, which the Company recorded on its books in conjunction with the acquisition of this property.

Subsequent to the property's closure, the Company also entered into an agreement to terminate the long-term ground lease for the Resorts Casino Tunica property, which will be effective in February 2020. In connection with the exercised termination option, the Company remeasured the lease liability and adjusted the right-of-use asset it had recorded on its consolidated balance sheet for this lease to align with the new termination date. The closure, however, has no impact on the rent collected from Penn under the Penn Master Lease, as the Company's lease with Penn is unitary cross-collateralized and does not allow for rent reductions for individual property closures. Furthermore, the rent under Company's ground lease is currently paid by the tenant but is required to be reported on a gross basis on our financial statements under ASC 842.

19.    Summarized Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the quarterly results of operations$10.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and 2018:respectively.
 Fiscal Quarter  
 First Second Third Fourth  
 (in thousands, except per share data)  
2019 
  
  
  
  
Total revenues$287,864
 $289,013
 $287,612
 $288,984
(1 
) 
(2 
) 
Income from operations170,775
 170,767
 187,625
 188,256
(2 
) 
 
Net income93,010
 93,033
 90,547
 114,291
(3 
) 
 
          
Earnings per common share: 
  
  
  
  
Basic earnings per common share$0.43
 $0.43
 $0.42
 $0.53
  
Diluted earnings per common share$0.43
 $0.43
 $0.42
 $0.53
  
          
2018 
  
  
  
  
Total revenues$244,050
 $254,221
 $254,139
 $303,317
(1 
) 
(2 
) 
Income from operations151,851
 153,241
 164,834
 123,884
(2 
) 
 
Net income96,772
 91,998
 104,815
 45,931
(4 
) 
 
          
Earnings per common share: 
  
  
  
  
Basic earnings per common share$0.45
 $0.43
 $0.49
 $0.21
  
Diluted earnings per common share$0.45
 $0.43
 $0.49
 $0.21
  

103

(1)    
In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, the Company is no longer required to gross-
up its revenues for real estate taxes paid directly by its tenants. This change had no impact to the Company's operating results as these revenue gross-ups were offset with a gross-up to our operating expenses.

(2)    During October 2018, the Company acquired the real property assets of 5 casino properties from Tropicana and
leased these assets to Eldorado under the Eldorado Master Lease. Also during October 2018, in conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Company acquired the real property assets of Plainridge Park and added this property to the
Amended Pinnacle Master Lease. These transactions, in addition to the treatment of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease as an operating lease in its entirety, as detailed in Note 18 were the primary drivers for the Company's improved operating results in 2019 as compared to 2018.

(3)    During March 2019, the Company recorded a $13.0 million loan impairment charge related to the write-off of the
Casino Queen Loan. During June 2019, the Company recorded accelerated depreciation and amortization expense in the aggregate amount of $16.6 million related to the closure of the Resorts Casino Tunica property by our tenant. In September 2019, the Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Tender Offer of approximately $21.0 million. The absence of any unusual charges in the fourth quarter is the driving factor in increased net income for the period.

(4)    During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $59.5 million, related to the

goodwill recorded on the books of its subsidiary, Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge. This was the largest driver of the decrease in the Company's net income during the fourth quarter of 2018. For further information on the impairment charge see Note 8.

20.    Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information and Noncash Activities

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information are as follows:

Year ended December 31,2019 2018 2017
 (in thousands)
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received$5,554
 $5,389
 $11,646
Cash paid for interest274,530
 229,779
 204,442

Year ended December 31,202120202019
(in thousands)
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received$17,499 $3,383 $5,554 
Cash paid for interest273,482 261,127 274,530 

Noncash Investing and Financing Activities

On December 29, 2021, as part of the consideration for the real estate assets of Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, the Company issued 4.35 million OP Units that were valued at $205.1 million and assumed debt of $363.3 million that was repaid after closing. The Company also recorded a $53.3 million increase to lease liabilities for a right of use liability associated with a land lease with an increase to Investment in leases, financing receivables in connection with the transaction. In connection with the June 3, 2021 transaction with Bally's the Company recorded a $36.4 million increase to right of use assets and land rights, net and lease liabilities for a right of use liability associated with a land lease.

As described in Note 1 and Note 6, during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold the operations of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge and leased the underlying real estate to third party operators. This resulted in the reclassification of $67.1 million of net assets from property, plant and equipment used in operations to real estate investments, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On January 1, 2019, in conjunction with its adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company recorded right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities of $203 million on its consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet to represent its rights to underlying assets and future lease obligations. In conjunction2020, the Company acquired from Penn the real property associated with the October 2018 Penn-Pinnacle Merger,Tropicana Las Vegas in exchange for rent credits of $307.5 million and the land at Penn's development facility in Morgantown, Pennsylvania for rent credits of $30.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reassessedalso acquired the classificationreal property of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Pinnacle MasterBelterra Park Loan of $57.7 million held on the property, subject to the Belterra Park Lease and determinedacquired the new lease agreement qualified for operating lease treatmentreal property of Lumière Place in its entirety. Therefore, on October 15, 2018,satisfaction of the building assets of $2.6 billion previously recorded$246.0 million CZR loan subject to the Lumière Place Lease. In addition, as described in Note 7, the Company entered into an investment in direct financing lease onExchange Agreement pursuant to which Caesars transferred to the Company's consolidated balance sheet were reclassified toCompany the real estate assets of Waterloo and Bettendorf for the real estate assets of Tropicana Evansville and a cash payment of $5.7 million.

As previously discussed, the Company declared a dividend on December 27, 2021, totaling $59.3 million, that was paid on January 7, 2022 and that was accrued at December 31, 2021. Finally, see Note 18 for a description of the Company's consolidated balance sheet.stock dividend that was distributed in 2020. The Company did not engage in any other noncash investing and financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017.2019.

21.Supplementary Consolidating Financial Information of Parent Guarantor and Subsidiary Issuers
GLPI guarantees the Senior Notes issued by its subsidiaries, GLP Capital and GLP Financing II, Inc. Each of the subsidiary issuers is 100% owned by GLPI. The guarantees of GLPI are full and unconditional. GLPI is not subject to any material or significant restrictions on its ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan or to transfer assets from such subsidiaries, except as provided by applicable law. None of GLPI's other subsidiaries guarantee the Senior Notes.
Summarized balance sheet information as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and summarized income statement and cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 for GLPI as the parent guarantor, for GLP Capital, L.P. and GLP Financing II, Inc. as the subsidiary issuers and the other subsidiary non-issuers is presented below.

At December 31, 2019
Consolidating Balance Sheet		 
Parent 
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary 
Issuers
 
Other 
Subsidiary 
Non-Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Assets  
  
  
  
  
Real estate investments, net $—
 $2,514,806
 $4,585,749
 $—
 $7,100,555
Property and equipment, used in operations, net —
 16,607
 77,473
 —
 94,080
Real estate loans —
 246,000
 57,684
 —
 303,684
Right-of-use assets and land rights, net —
 181,593
 657,141
 —
 838,734
Cash and cash equivalents —
 4,281
 22,542
 —
 26,823
Prepaid expenses —
 1,243
 2,222
 763
 4,228
Goodwill —
 —
 16,067
 —
 16,067
Other intangible assets —
 —
 9,577
 —
 9,577
Intercompany loan receivable —
 193,595
 —
 (193,595) —
Intercompany transactions and investment in subsidiaries 2,074,245
 5,082,624
 2,498,577
 (9,655,446) —
Deferred tax assets —
 —
 6,056
 —
 6,056
Other assets —
 31,766
 2,728
 —
 34,494
Total assets $2,074,245
 $8,272,515
 $7,935,816
 $(9,848,278) $8,434,298
           
Liabilities  
  
  
  
  
Accounts payable $—
 $817
 $189
 $—
 $1,006
Accrued expenses —
 706
 5,533
 —
 6,239
Accrued interest —
 60,695
 —
 —
 60,695
Accrued salaries and wages —
 10,798
 3,023
 —
 13,821
Gaming, property, and other taxes —
 480
 464
 —
 944
Income taxes —
 (51) (712) 763
 —
Lease liabilities —
 89,856
 94,115
 —
 183,971
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts —
 5,737,962
 —
 —
 5,737,962
Intercompany loan payable —
 —
 193,595
 (193,595) —
Deferred rental revenue —
 271,837
 56,648
 —
 328,485
Deferred tax liabilities —
 —
 279
 


 279
Other liabilities —
 25,170
 1,481
 —
 26,651
Total liabilities —
 6,198,270
 354,615
 (192,832) 6,360,053
           
Shareholders’ equity (deficit)  
  
  
  
  
Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2019) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Common stock ($.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 214,694,165 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019) 2,147
 2,147
 2,147
 (4,294) 2,147
Additional paid-in capital 3,959,383
 3,959,384
 9,839,709
 (13,799,093) 3,959,383
Retained accumulated (deficit) earnings (1,887,285) (1,887,286) (2,260,655) 4,147,941
 (1,887,285)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) 2,074,245
 2,074,245
 7,581,201
 (9,655,446) 2,074,245
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit) $2,074,245
 $8,272,515
 $7,935,816
 $(9,848,278) $8,434,298

Year ended December 31, 2019
Consolidating Statement of Income		 
Parent 
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary 
Issuers
 
Other 
Subsidiary 
Non-Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Revenues  
  
  
  
  
Rental income $—
 $552,980
 $443,186
 $—
 $996,166
Interest income from real estate loans —
 22,471
 6,445
 —
 28,916
Total income from real estate —
 575,451
 449,631
 —
 1,025,082
Gaming, food, beverage and other —
 —
 128,391
 —
 128,391
Total revenues —
 575,451
 578,022
 —
 1,153,473
Operating expenses  
  
  
  
  
Gaming, food, beverage and other —
 —
 74,700
 —
 74,700
Land rights and ground lease expense —
 24,375
 18,063
 —
 42,438
General and administrative —
 42,505
 22,972
 —
 65,477
Depreciation —
 124,401
 116,034
 —
 240,435
   Loan impairment charges —
 —
 13,000
 —
 13,000
Total operating expenses —
 191,281
 244,769
 —
 436,050
Income from operations —
 384,170
 333,253
 —
 717,423
           
Other income (expenses)  
  
  
  
  
Interest expense —
 (301,520) —
 —
 (301,520)
Interest income —
 755
 1
 —
 756
Losses on debt extinguishment —
 (21,014) —
 —
 (21,014)
Intercompany dividends and interest —
 494,179
 7,726
 (501,905) —
Total other income (expenses) —
 172,400
 7,727
 (501,905) (321,778)
           
Income before income taxes —
 556,570
 340,980
 (501,905) 395,645
Income tax expense —
 657
 4,107
 —
 4,764
Net income $—
 $555,913
 $336,873
 $(501,905) $390,881

Year ended December 31, 2019
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows		 
Parent
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Other
Subsidiary
Non-Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Operating activities  
  
  
  
  
Net income $—
 $555,913
 $336,873
 $(501,905) $390,881
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:  
  
  
  
  
Depreciation and amortization —
 133,693
 125,278
 —
 258,971
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts —
 11,455
 —
 —
 11,455
Losses on dispositions of property —
 8
 84
 —
 92
Deferred income taxes —
 —
 (755) —
 (755)
Stock-based compensation —
 16,198
 —
 —
 16,198
Straight-line rent adjustments —
 2,653
 31,921
 —
 34,574
Losses on debt extinguishment —
 21,014
 —
 —
 21,014
Loan impairment charges —
 —
 13,000
 —
 13,000
           
(Increase) decrease,  
  
  
  
  
Prepaid expenses and other assets —
 (5,101) (1,217) 248
 (6,070)
Intercompany —
 (430) 430
 —
 —
(Decrease) increase,  
  
  
  
  
Accounts payable —
 (1,652) 147
 —
 (1,505)
Accrued expenses —
 (58) (212) —
 (270)
Accrued interest —
 15,434
 —
 —
 15,434
Accrued salaries and wages —
 (3,830) 641
 —
 (3,189)
Gaming, property and other taxes —
 51
 (171) —
 (120)
Income taxes —
 (49) 297
 (248) —
Other liabilities —
 634
 (42) —
 592
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities —
 745,933
 506,274
 (501,905) 750,302
Investing activities  
  
  
  
  
Capital maintenance expenditures —
 (22) (2,995) —
 (3,017)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment —
 182
 18
 —
 200
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities —
 160
 (2,977) —
 (2,817)
Financing activities  
  
  
  
  
Dividends paid (589,128) —
 —
 —
 (589,128)
Taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings, net of proceeds from exercise of options (9,058) —
 —
 —
 (9,058)
ATM Program offering costs and proceeds from issuance of common stock, net (255) —
 —
 —
 (255)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt —
 1,358,853
 —
 —
 1,358,853
Financing costs —
 (10,029) —
 —
 (10,029)
Repayments of long-term debt —
 (1,477,949) —
 —
 (1,477,949)
Premium and related costs paid on tender of senior unsecured notes —
 (18,879) —
 —
 (18,879)
Intercompany financing 598,441
 (598,440) (501,906) 501,905
 —
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities —
 (746,444) (501,906) 501,905
 (746,445)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents —
 (351) 1,391
 —
 1,040
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period —
 4,632
 21,151
 —
 25,783
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $—
 $4,281
 $22,542
 $—
 $26,823

At December 31, 2018
Consolidating Balance Sheet		 
Parent
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Other
Subsidiary
Non-Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Assets  
  
  
  
  
Real estate investments, net $—
 $2,637,404
 $4,694,056
 $—
 $7,331,460
Land rights, net —
 100,938
 572,269
 —
 673,207
Property and equipment, used in operations, net —
 18,577
 82,307
 —
 100,884
Real estate loans —
 246,000
 57,684
 —
 303,684
Cash and cash equivalents —
 4,632
 21,151
 —
 25,783
Prepaid expenses —
 27,071
 2,885
 1,011
 30,967
Goodwill —
 —
 16,067
 —
 16,067
Other intangible assets —
 —
 9,577
 —
 9,577
Loan receivable —
 —
 13,000
 —
 13,000
Intercompany loan receivable —
 193,595
 —
 (193,595) —
Intercompany transactions and investment in subsidiaries 2,265,607
 5,247,229
 2,697,241
 (10,210,077) —
Deferred tax assets —
 —
 5,178
 —
 5,178
Other assets —
 47,378
 20,108
 —
 67,486
Total assets $2,265,607
 $8,522,824
 $8,191,523
 $(10,402,661) $8,577,293
           
Liabilities  
  
  
  
  
Accounts payable $—
 $2,469
 $42
 $—
 $2,511
Accrued expenses —
 23,587
 6,710
 —
 30,297
Accrued interest —
 45,261
 —
 —
 45,261
Accrued salaries and wages —
 14,628
 2,382
 —
 17,010
Gaming, property, and other taxes —
 24,055
 18,824
 —
 42,879
Income taxes —
 (2) (1,009) 1,011
 —
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts —
 5,853,497
 —
 —
 5,853,497
Intercompany loan payable —
 —
 193,595
 (193,595) —
Deferred rental revenue —
 269,185
 24,726
 —
 293,911
Deferred tax liabilities —
 —
 261
 —
 261
Other liabilities —
 24,536
 1,523
 —
 26,059
Total liabilities —
 6,257,216
 247,054
 (192,584) 6,311,686
           
Shareholders’ equity (deficit)  
  
  
  
  
Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2018) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Common stock ($.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 214,211,932 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018) 2,142
 2,142
 2,142
 (4,284) 2,142
Additional paid-in capital 3,952,503
 3,952,506
 9,832,830
 (13,785,336) 3,952,503
Retained accumulated (deficit) earnings (1,689,038) (1,689,040) (1,890,503) 3,579,543
 (1,689,038)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) 2,265,607
 2,265,608
 7,944,469
 (10,210,077) 2,265,607
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit) $2,265,607
 $8,522,824
 $8,191,523
 $(10,402,661) $8,577,293

Year ended December 31, 2018
Consolidating Statement of Income		 
Parent
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Other
Subsidiary
Non-
Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Revenues  
  
  
  
  
Rental income $—
 $437,211
 $310,443
 $—
 $747,654
Income from direct financing lease —
 —
 81,119
 —
 81,119
Interest income from real estate loans —
 5,590
 1,353
 —
 6,943
Real estate taxes paid by tenants —
 46,327
 41,139
 —
 87,466
Total income from real estate —
 489,128
 434,054
 —
 923,182
Gaming, food, beverage and other —
 —
 132,545
 —
 132,545
Total revenues —
 489,128
 566,599
 —
 1,055,727
Operating expenses  
  
  
  
  
Gaming, food, beverage and other —
 —
 77,127
 —
 77,127
Real estate taxes —
 46,443
 42,314
 —
 88,757
Land rights and ground lease expense —
 10,156
 18,202
 —
 28,358
General and administrative —
 49,161
 21,967
 —
 71,128
Depreciation —
 97,632
 39,461
 —
 137,093
  Goodwill impairment charges —
 —
 59,454
 —
 59,454
Total operating expenses —
 203,392
 258,525
 —
 461,917
Income from operations —
 285,736
 308,074
 —
 593,810
           
Other income (expenses)  
  
  
  
  
Interest expense —
 (247,684) —
 —
 (247,684)
Interest income —
 1,355
 472
 —
 1,827
Losses on debt extinguishment —
 (3,473) —
 —
 (3,473)
Intercompany dividends and interest —
 460,044
 10,280
 (470,324) —
Total other income (expenses) —
 210,242
 10,752
 (470,324) (249,330)
           
Income before income taxes —
 495,978
 318,826
 (470,324) 344,480
Income tax expense —
 855
 4,109
 —
 4,964
Net income $—
 $495,123
 $314,717
 $(470,324) $339,516






















Year ended December 31, 2018
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows		 
Parent
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Other
Subsidiary
Non-Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Operating activities  
  
  
  
  
Net income $—
 $495,123
 $314,717
 $(470,324) $339,516
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:  
  
  
  
  
Depreciation —
 99,678
 48,687
 —
 148,365
Amortization of debt issuance costs, bond premiums and original issuance discounts —
 12,167
 —
 —
 12,167
Losses on dispositions of property —
 75
 234
 —
 309
Deferred income taxes —
 —
 (522) —
 (522)
Stock-based compensation —
 11,152
 —
 —
 11,152
Straight-line rent adjustments —
 49,166
 12,722
 —
 61,888
Losses on debt extinguishment —
 3,473
 —
 —
 3,473
Goodwill impairment charges —
 —
 59,454
 —
 59,454
           
Decrease (increase),  
  
  
  
  
Prepaid expenses and other assets —
 (1,777) 477
 627
 (673)
     Intercompany —
 66
 (66) —
 —
(Decrease) increase, 0
 0
  
 0
  
Accounts payable —
 1,851
 (55) —
 1,796
Accrued expenses —
 (205) 79
 —
 (126)
Accrued interest —
 12,020
 —
 —
 12,020
Accrued salaries and wages —
 6,796
 (595) —
 6,201
Gaming, property and other taxes —
 (78) (71) —
 (149)
Income taxes —
 304
 323
 (627) —
Other liabilities —
 55
 (493) —
 (438)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities —
 689,866
 434,891
 (470,324) 654,433
Investing activities  
  
  
  
  
Capital project expenditures —
 (20) —
 —
 (20)
Capital maintenance expenditures —
 (55) (4,229) —
 (4,284)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment —
 3,195
 16
 —
 3,211
Acquisition of real estate assets —
 (985,750) (257,716) —
 (1,243,466)
Originations of real estate loans —
 (246,000) (57,684) —
 (303,684)
Collection of principal payments on investment in direct financing lease —
 —
 38,459
 —
 38,459
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities —
 (1,228,630) (281,154) —
 (1,509,784)
Financing activities  
  
  
  
  
Dividends paid (550,435) —
 —
 —
 (550,435)
Proceeds from exercise of options, net of taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings 7,537
 —
 —
 —
 7,537
  Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs,bond premium and original issuance discounts —
 2,593,405
 —
 —
 2,593,405
Financing costs —
 (32,426) —
 —
 (32,426)
Repayments of long-term debt —
 (1,164,117) —
 —
 (1,164,117)
  Premium and related costs paid on tender of senior unsecured notes —
 (1,884) —
 —
 (1,884)
Intercompany financing 542,898
 (858,316) (154,906) 470,324
 —
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities —
 536,662
 (154,906) 470,324
 852,080
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents —
 (2,102) (1,169) —
 (3,271)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period —
 6,734
 22,320
 —
 29,054
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $—
 $4,632
 $21,151
 $—
 $25,783


Year ended December 31, 2017
Consolidating Statement of Income		 
Parent
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Other
Subsidiary
Non-
Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Revenues  
  
  
  
  
Rental income $—
 $398,070
 $273,120
 $—
 $671,190
Income from direct financing lease —
 —
 74,333
 —
 74,333
Real estate taxes paid by tenants —
 43,672
 40,026
 —
 83,698
Total income from real estate —
 441,742
 387,479
 —
 829,221
Gaming, food, beverage and other —
 —
 142,086
 —
 142,086
Total revenues —
 441,742
 529,565
 —
 971,307
Operating expenses  
  
  
  
  
Gaming, food, beverage and other —
 —
 80,487
 —
 80,487
Real estate taxes —
 43,755
 40,911
 —
 84,666
Land rights and ground lease expense —
 5,895
 18,110
 —
 24,005
General and administrative —
 39,863
 23,288
 —
 63,151
Depreciation —
 93,948
 19,532
 —
 113,480
Total operating expenses —
 183,461
 182,328
 —
 365,789
Income from operations —
 258,281
 347,237
 —
 605,518
           
Other income (expenses)  
  
  
  
  
Interest expense —
 (217,068) —
 —
 (217,068)
Interest income —
 —
 1,935
 —
 1,935
Intercompany dividends and interest —
 451,295
 12,318
 (463,613) —
Total other income (expenses) —
 234,227
 14,253
 (463,613) (215,133)
           
Income before income taxes —
 492,508
 361,490
 (463,613) 390,385
Income tax expense —
 1,099
 8,688
 —
 9,787
Net income $—
 $491,409
 $352,802
 $(463,613) $380,598





















Year ended December 31, 2017
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows		 
Parent
Guarantor
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Other
Subsidiary
Non-Issuers
 Eliminations Consolidated
  (in thousands)
Operating activities  
  
  
  
  
Net income $—
 $491,409
 $352,802
 $(463,613) $380,598
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:  
  
  
  
 

Depreciation and amortization —
 95,058
 28,777
 —
 123,835
Amortization of debt issuance costs —
 13,026
 —
 —
 13,026
Losses on dispositions of property —
 —
 530
 —
 530
Deferred income taxes —
 —
 (561) —
 (561)
Stock-based compensation —
 15,636
 —
 —
 15,636
Straight-line rent adjustments —
 56,815
 9,156
 —
 65,971
           
(Increase) decrease,  
  
  
  
  
Prepaid expenses and other assets —
 (5,703) 1,268
 (897) (5,332)
     Intercompany —
 317
 (317) —
 —
Increase (decrease), 0
 0
  
 0
  
Accounts payable —
 148
 (569) —
 (421)
Accrued expenses —
 103
 308
 —
 411
Accrued interest —
 (502) —
 —
 (502)
Accrued salaries and wages —
 (79) 269
 —
 190
Gaming, property and other taxes —
 (505) (12) —
 (517)
Income taxes —
 (325) (572) 897
 —
Other liabilities —
 6,591
 (744) —
 5,847
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities —
 671,989
 390,335
 (463,613) 598,711
Investing activities  
  
  
  
  
Capital project expenditures —
 (78) —
 —
 (78)
Capital maintenance expenditures —
 —
 (3,178) —
 (3,178)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment —
 10
 924
 —
 934
Principal payments on loan receivable —
 —
 13,200
 —
 13,200
Acquisition of real estate assets —
 (82,866) (386) —
 (83,252)
  Collection of principal payments on investment in direct financing lease —
 —
 73,072
 —
 73,072
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities —
 (82,934) 83,632
 —
 698
Financing activities  
  
  
  
  
Dividends paid (529,370) —
 —
 —
 (529,370)
Proceeds from exercise of options, net of taxes paid related to shares withheld for tax purposes on restricted stock award vestings 18,157
 —
 —
 —
 18,157
  Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 139,414
 —
 —
 —
 139,414
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt —
 100,000
 —
 —
 100,000
Repayments of long-term debt —
 (335,112) —
 —
 (335,112)
Intercompany financing 371,799
 (358,983) (476,429) 463,613
 —
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities —
 (594,095) (476,429) 463,613
 (606,911)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents —
 (5,040) (2,462) —
 (7,502)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period —
 11,774
 24,782
 —
 36,556
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $—
 $6,734
 $22,320
 $—
 $29,054


104




SCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
December 31, 20192021
(in thousands)

   Initial Cost to CompanyNet Capitalized Costs (Retirements) Subsequent to AcquisitionGross Amount at which Carried at Close of Period  Life on
which
Depreciation
in Latest
Income
Statement is
Computed
   Original
Date of
Construction /
Renovation		 
DescriptionLocationEncumbrancesLand and ImprovementsBuildings and
Improvements		Land and ImprovementsBuildings and
Improvements
Total (7)
Accumulated
Depreciation
Date Acquired
Rental Properties:
Hollywood Casino LawrenceburgLawrenceburg, IN $— $15,251 $342,393 $(30)$15,222 $342,392 $357,614 $176,425 1997/200911/1/201331
Hollywood Casino AuroraAurora, IL — 4,937 98,378 (383)4,936 97,996 102,932 76,812 1993/2002/ 201211/1/201330
Hollywood Casino JolietJoliet, IL — 19,214 101,104 (20)19,194 101,104 120,298 67,090 1992/2003/ 201011/1/201331
Argosy Casino AltonAlton, IL — — 6,462 — — 6,462 6,462 4,883 1991/199911/1/201331
Hollywood Casino ToledoToledo, OH — 12,003 144,093 (201)11,802 144,093 155,895 50,648 201211/1/201331
Hollywood Casino ColumbusColumbus, OH — 38,240 188,543 105 38,266 188,622 226,888 67,635 201211/1/201331
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town RacesCharles Town, WV — 35,102 233,069 — 35,102 233,069 268,171 154,480 1997/201011/1/201331
Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race CourseGrantville, PA — 25,500 161,810 — 25,500 161,810 187,310 95,087 2008/201011/1/201331
M ResortHenderson,  NV — 66,104 126,689 (436)65,668 126,689 192,357 50,237 2009/201211/1/201330
Hollywood Casino BangorBangor, ME — 12,883 84,257 — 12,883 84,257 97,140 41,169 2008/201211/1/201331
Zia Park CasinoHobbs, NM — 9,313 38,947 — 9,313 38,947 48,260 24,892 200511/1/201331
Hollywood Casino Gulf CoastBay St. Louis, MS — 59,388 87,352 (229)59,176 87,335 146,511 59,315 1992/2006/ 201111/1/201340
Argosy Casino RiversideRiverside, MO — 23,468 143,301 (77)23,391 143,301 166,692 76,800 1994/200711/1/201337
Hollywood Casino TunicaTunica, MS — 4,634 42,031 — 4,634 42,031 46,665 31,149 1994/201211/1/201331
Boomtown BiloxiBiloxi, MS — 3,423 63,083 (137)3,286 63,083 66,369 54,723 1994/200611/1/201315
Hollywood Casino St. LouisMaryland Heights, MO — 44,198 177,063 (3,239)40,959 177,063 218,022 110,702 1997/201311/1/201313
Hollywood Casino at Dayton RacewayDayton, OH — 3,211 — 86,288 3,211 86,288 89,499 20,515 201411/1/201331
Hollywood Casino at Mahoning Valley Race TrackYoungstown, OH — 5,683 — 94,314 5,833 94,164 99,997 22,160 201411/1/201331
Resorts Casino TunicaTunica, MS— — 12,860 (12,860)— — — — 1994/1996/ 2005/20145/1/2017N/A
1st Jackpot Casino
Tunica, MS— 161 10,100 — 161 10,100 10,261 1,730 19955/1/201731
Ameristar Black HawkBlack Hawk, CO— 243,092 334,024 25 243,117 334,024 577,141 36,155 20004/28/201631
Ameristar East ChicagoEast Chicago, IN— 4,198 123,430 — 4,198 123,430 127,628 15,368 19974/28/201631
105


      Initial Cost to Company Net Capitalized Costs (Retirements) Subsequent to Acquisition Gross Amount at which Carried at Close of Period       
Life on
which
Depreciation
in Latest
Income
Statement is
Computed
                   
Original
Date of
Construction /
Renovation
   
Description Location Encumbrances Land and Improvements 
Buildings and
Improvements
  Land and Improvements 
Buildings and
Improvements
 
Total (6)
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
  
Date Acquired
 
Rental Properties:                        
Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg Lawrenceburg, IN $—
 $15,251
 $342,393
 $(30) $15,222
 $342,392
 $357,614
 $150,315
 1997/2009 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino Aurora Aurora, IL —
 4,937
 98,378
 (383) 4,936
 97,996
 102,932
 68,924
 1993/2002/ 2012 11/1/2013 30
Hollywood Casino Joliet Joliet, IL —
 19,214
 101,104
 (20) 19,194
 101,104
 120,298
 61,511
 1992/2003/ 2010 11/1/2013 31
Argosy Casino Alton Alton, IL —
 —
 6,462
 —
 —
 6,462
 6,462
 4,599
 1991/1999 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino Toledo Toledo, OH —
 12,003
 144,093
 (201) 11,802
 144,093
 155,895
 40,111
 2012 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino Columbus Columbus, OH —
 38,240
 188,543
 105
 38,266
 188,622
 226,888
 52,883
 2012 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races Charles Town, WV —
 35,102
 233,069
 —
 35,102
 233,069
 268,171
 138,278
 1997/2010 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course Grantville, PA —
 25,500
 161,810
 —
 25,500
 161,810
 187,310
 81,702
 2008/2010 11/1/2013 31
M Resort Henderson,  NV —
 66,104
 126,689
 (436) 65,668
 126,689
 192,357
 40,605
 2009/2012 11/1/2013 30
Hollywood Casino Bangor Bangor, ME —
 12,883
 84,257
 —
 12,883
 84,257
 97,140
 35,033
 2008/2012 11/1/2013 31
Zia Park Casino Hobbs, NM —
 9,313
 38,947
 —
 9,313
 38,947
 48,260
 21,456
 2005 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast Bay St. Louis, MS —
 59,388
 87,352
 (229) 59,176
 87,335
 146,511
 53,256
 1992/2006/ 2011 11/1/2013 40
Argosy Casino Riverside Riverside, MO —
 23,468
 143,301
 (77) 23,391
 143,301
 166,692
 67,802
 1994/2007 11/1/2013 37
Hollywood Casino Tunica Tunica, MS —
 4,634
 42,031
 —
 4,634
 42,031
 46,665
 28,362
 1994/2012 11/1/2013 31
Boomtown Biloxi Biloxi, MS —
 3,423
 63,083
 (137) 3,286
 63,083
 66,369
 49,446
 1994/2006 11/1/2013 15
Hollywood Casino St. Louis Maryland Heights, MO —
 44,198
 177,063
 (3,239) 40,959
 177,063
 218,022
 87,157
 1997/2013 11/1/2013 13
Hollywood Casino at Dayton Raceway (1)
 Dayton, OH —
 3,211
 —
 86,288
 3,211
 86,288
 89,499
 14,949
 2014 11/1/2013 31
Hollywood Casino at Mahoning Valley Race Track (1)
 Youngstown, OH —
 5,683
 —
 94,314
 5,833
 94,164
 99,997
 16,065
 2014 11/1/2013 31
Resorts Casino Tunica (2)
 Tunica, MS —
 —
 12,860
 (12,860) —
 —
 —
 —
 1994/1996/ 2005/2014 5/1/2017 N/A
1st Jackpot Casino
 Tunica, MS —
 161
 10,100
 —
 161
 10,100
 10,261
 982
 1995 5/1/2017 31
Ameristar Black Hawk (3)
 Black Hawk, CO —
 243,092
 334,024
 —
 243,092
 334,024
 577,116
 13,617
 2000 4/28/2016 31
Ameristar East Chicago (3)
 East Chicago, IN —
 4,198
 123,430
 —
 4,198
 123,430
 127,628
 5,788
 1997 4/28/2016 31
Belterra Casino Resort (3)
 Florence, IN —
 63,420
 172,875
 —
 63,420
 172,875
 236,295
 10,014
 2000 4/28/2016 31

Belterra Casino ResortFlorence, IN— 63,420 172,875 — 63,420 172,875 236,295 22,216 20004/28/201631
Ameristar Council BluffsCouncil Bluffs, IA— 84,009 109,027 — 84,009 109,027 193,036 13,588 19964/28/201631
L'Auberge Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LA— 205,274 178,426 — 205,274 178,426 383,700 20,569 20124/28/201631
Boomtown Bossier CityBossier City, LA— 79,022 107,067 — 79,022 107,067 186,089 12,725 20024/28/201631
L'Auberge Lake CharlesLake Charles, LA— 14,831 310,877 — 14,831 310,877 325,708 40,548 20054/28/201631
Boomtown New OrleansBoomtown, LA— 46,019 58,258 — 46,019 58,258 104,277 7,609 19944/28/201631
Ameristar VicksburgVicksburg, MS— 128,068 96,106 — 128,068 96,106 224,174 14,950 19944/28/201631
River City Casino & HotelSt Louis, MO— 8,117 221,038 — 8,117 221,038 229,155 26,351 20104/28/201631
Ameristar Kansas CityKansas City, MO— 239,111 271,598 — 239,111 271,598 510,709 36,271 19974/28/201631
Ameristar St. CharlesSt. Charles, MO— 375,597 437,908 — 375,596 437,908 813,504 48,379 19944/28/201631
Jackpot PropertiesJackpot, NV— 48,785 61,550 — 48,785 61,550 110,335 9,985 19544/28/201631
Plainridge Park CasinoPlainridge, MA— 127,068 123,850 — 127,068 123,850 250,918 12,818 201510/15/201831
Belterra Park Gaming and Entertainment Center (1)
Cincinnati, OH— 11,689 45,995 — 11,689 45,995 57,684 3,644 20135/6/202031
The Meadows Racetrack and CasinoWashington, PA— 181,532 141,370 (2,864)179,598 140,440 320,038 29,503 20069/9/201631
Casino QueenEast St. Louis, IL— 70,716 70,014 8,700 70,716 78,714 149,430 21,160 19991/23/201431
Tropicana Atlantic CityAtlantic City, NJ— 166,974 392,923 — 166,974 392,923 559,897 40,736 198110/1/201831
Tropicana Evansville (2)
Evansville, IN— 47,439 146,930 (194,369)— — — — 199510/1/2018N/A
Tropicana Evansville-Bally'sEvansville, IN— 120,473 153,130 0120,473 153,130 273,603 2,840 19956/3/202131
Tropicana LaughlinLaughlin, NV— 20,671 80,530 — 20,671 80,530 101,201 9,339 198810/1/201827
Trop Casino GreenvilleGreenville, MS— — 21,680 — — 21,680 21,680 2,244 201210/1/201831
Belle of Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LA— 11,873 52,400 — 11,873 52,400 64,273 7,118 199410/1/201831
Isle Casino Waterloo (2)
Waterloo, IA— 64,263 77,958 — 64,263 77,958 142,221 2,620 200512/18/202031
Isle Casino Bettendorf (2)
Bettendorf, IA— 29,636 85,150 — 29,636 85,150 114,786 2,861 201512/18/202031
Lumiere Place (1)
St Louis, MO— 26,930 219,070 — 26,930 219,070 246,000 9,527 200510/1/202031
Hollywood Casino Morgantown (3)
Morgantown, PA— 30,253 — — 30,253 — 30,253 — 202010/1/2020N/A
Hollywood Casino PerryvillePerryville, MD031,079 23,266 — 31,079 23,266 54,345 16,487 201007/1/202131
Dover Downs Hotel & CasinoDover, DE099,106 48,300 — 99,106 48,300 147,406 3,330 199506/3/202131
Hollywood Casino Baton RougeBaton Rouge, LA07,320 40,812 — 7,320 46,511 53,831 24,263 199412/17/202131
Tropicana Las Vegas (6)
Las Vegas NV0226,160 — — 226,160 — 226,160 — 19554/16/20N/A
— 3,195,438 6,267,097 (25,413)3,141,913 6,300,907 9,442,820 1,679,656 
Headquarters Property:
106


Ameristar Council Bluffs (3)
 Council Bluffs, IA —
 84,009
 109,027
 —
 84,009
 109,027
 193,036
 5,332
 1996 4/28/2016 31
L'Auberge Baton Rouge (3)
 Baton Rouge, LA —
 205,274
 178,426
 —
 205,274
 178,426
 383,700
 7,747
 2012 4/28/2016 31
Boomtown Bossier City (3)
 Bossier City, LA —
 79,022
 107,067
 —
 79,022
 107,067
 186,089
 4,829
 2002 4/28/2016 31
L'Auberge Lake Charles (3)
 Lake Charles, LA —
 14,831
 310,877
 —
 14,831
 310,877
 325,708
 15,412
 2005 4/28/2016 31
Boomtown New Orleans (3)
 Boomtown, LA —
 46,019
 58,258
 —
 46,019
 58,258
 104,277
 2,866
 1994 4/28/2016 31
Ameristar Vicksburg (3)
 Vicksburg, MS —
 128,068
 96,106

—

128,068

96,106

224,174

5,631
 1994 4/28/2016 31
River City Casino & Hotel (3)
 St Louis, MO —
 8,117
 221,038
 —
 8,117
 221,038
 229,155
 9,924
 2010 4/28/2016 31
Ameristar Kansas City (3)
 Kansas City, MO —
 239,111
 271,598
 —
 239,111
 271,598
 510,709
 13,663
 1997 4/28/2016 31
Ameristar St. Charles (3)
 St. Charles, MO —
 375,597
 437,908
 —
 375,596
 437,908
 813,504
 18,220
 1994 4/28/2016 31
Jackpot Properties (3)
 Jackpot, NV —
 48,785
 61,550
 —
 48,785
 61,550
 110,335
 4,596
 1954 4/28/2016 31
Plainridge Park Casino Plainridge, MA —
 127,068
 123,850
 —
 127,068
 123,850
 250,918
 4,827
 2015 10/15/2018 31
The Meadows Racetrack and Casino Washington, PA —
 181,532
 141,370
 386
 181,918
 141,370
 323,288
 18,630
 2006 9/9/2016 31
Casino Queen East St. Louis, IL —
 70,716
 70,014
 —
 70,716
 70,014
 140,730
 16,615
 1999 1/23/2014 31
Tropicana Atlantic City Atlantic City, NJ —
 166,974
 392,923
 —
 166,974
 392,923
 559,897
 15,386
 1981 10/1/2018 31
Tropicana Evansville Evansville, IN —
 47,439
 146,930
 —
 47,439
 146,930
 194,369
 5,727
 1995 10/1/2018 31
Tropicana Laughlin Laughlin, NV —
 20,671
 80,530
 —
 20,671
 80,530
 101,201
 3,517
 1988 10/1/2018 27
Trop Casino Greenville Greenville, MS —
 —
 21,680
 —
 —
 21,680
 21,680
 845
 2012 10/1/2018 31
Belle of Baton Rouge Baton Rouge, LA —
 11,873
 52,400
 —
 11,873
 52,400
 64,273
 3,160
 1994 10/1/2018 31
    $—
 $2,548,529
 $5,573,416
 $163,481
 $2,544,738
 $5,740,687
 $8,285,425
 $1,199,782
      
Headquarters Property:                        
GLPI Corporate Office (4)
 Wyomissing, PA $—
 $750
 $8,465
 $58
 $750
 $8,523
 $9,273
 $1,159
 2014/2015 9/19/2014 31
Other Properties                        
Other owned land (5)
 various $—
 $6,798
 $—
 $—
 $6,798
 $—
 $6,798
 $—
   10/1/18 N/A
    $—
 $2,556,077

$5,581,881

$163,539

$2,552,286

$5,749,210

$8,301,496

$1,200,941
      
GLPI Corporate Office (4)
Wyomissing, PA— 750 8,465 85 750 8,550 9,300 1,711 2014/20159/19/201431
Other Properties
Other owned land (5)
various— 6,798 — — 6,798 — 6,798 — 
  $— $3,202,986 $6,275,562 $(25,328)$3,149,461 $6,309,457 $9,458,918 $1,681,367 

(1)Hollywood Casino at Dayton Raceway and Hollywood Casino at Mahoning Valley Race Course were jointly developed with Penn National Gaming, Inc. The costs capitalized subsequent to acquisition represent the capital expenditures incurred byDuring 2020, the Company subsequentacquired the real estate of both of these properties in satisfaction of previously outstanding loans, subject to the transfer ofBelterra Park Lease and the development properties at Spin-Off. Both properties commenced operationsLumiere Place Lease, respectively.

(2) On December 18, 2020 Caesar's elected to replace Tropicana Evansville with Isle Casino Bettendorf and began payingIsle Casino Waterloo as allowed under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease.

(3) On October 1, 2020, the Company and Penn closed on their previously announced transaction whereby GLPI acquired the land under Penn's gaming facility under construction in Morgantown, Pennsylvania in exchange for $30.0 million in rent during the year ended December 31, 2014.

(2)     We currently lease 86.6 acres in Tunica, Mississippi, where the Resorts Casino Tunica is located. This property is leased to Penn as part of the Penn Master Lease, however, the casino and hotelcredits which were closedfully utilized by Penn in June 2019. As a resultthe fourth quarter of 2020. The Company is leasing the land back to an affiliate of Penn pursuant to the Morgantown Lease for an initial annual rent of $3.0 million, subject to escalation provisions following the opening of the property closure, the Company entered into an agreement to terminate the long-term ground lease for this property, which will be effective in February 2020, at which time such ground lease will be removed from the Penn Master Lease.property.


(3)    During April 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the real estate assets of Pinnacle and subsequently leased the assets back to Pinnacle. As discussed further in the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements, the Pinnacle Master Lease was originally bifurcated between an operating lease and a direct financing lease, resulting in the land that was subject to operating lease treatment being recorded as a real estate asset on the Company's consolidated balance sheet, while the building assets that triggered direct financing lease treatment were recorded as an investment in direct financing lease on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

In conjunction with the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, on October 15, 2018, the Pinnacle Master Lease was amended via the fourth amendment to such lease to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd. As a result of this amendment, the Company reassessed the lease's classification and determined the new lease agreement qualified for operating lease treatment under ASC 840. Therefore, subsequent to the Penn-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety and the building assets previously recorded as an investment in direct financing lease on the Company's consolidated balance sheet were recorded as real estate assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

(4)    The Company's corporate headquarters building was completed in October 2015. The land was purchased on September 19, 2014 and construction on the building occurred through October 2015.


(5)    This includes undeveloped land the Company owns at locations other than its tenant occupied properties.

(6)    On April 13, 2021, Bally’s agreed to acquire both GLPI’s non-land real estate assets and Penn's outstanding equity interests in Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and
Casino, Inc. At December 31, 2021, the Company classified the building value of Tropicana Las Vegas in Assets held for sale and the land value in Real estate investments, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet since the transaction is expected to close within 12 months of the most recent balance sheet date. At December 31, 2020, the Company classified the real property associated with Tropicana Las Vegas as a separate caption on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(7)    The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of the properties listed above was $7.95$9.05 billion at December 31, 2019.2021. This amount includes the tax basis of all real property assets acquired from Pinnacle, including building assets.
























A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019 is as follows:

 Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
Real Estate:(in thousands)
Balance at the beginning of the period$8,314,546
 $4,519,501
 $4,495,972
Acquisitions—
 1,199,135
 23,507
Reclass of assets from investment in direct financing lease to real estate investments (1)
—
 2,599,180
 —
Capital expenditures and assets placed in service—
 —
 32
Dispositions(13,050) (3,270) (10)
Balance at the end of the period$8,301,496
 $8,314,546
 $4,519,501
Accumulated Depreciation:     
Balance at the beginning of the period$(983,086) $(857,456) $(756,881)
Depreciation expense(230,716) (125,630) (100,576)
Dispositions12,861
 —
 1
Balance at the end of the period$(1,200,941) $(983,086) $(857,456)

107



Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Real Estate:(in thousands)
Balance at the beginning of the period$8,698,098 $8,301,496 $8,314,546 
Acquisitions749,671 590,971 — 
Construction in progress5,699 — — 
Capital expenditures and assets placed in service8,700 — — 
Dispositions(3,250)(194,369)(13,050)
Balance at the end of the period$9,458,918 $8,698,098 $8,301,496 
Accumulated Depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the period$(1,410,940)$(1,200,941)$(983,086)
Depreciation expense(230,941)(220,069)(230,716)
Additions (1)(39,909)— — 
Dispositions423 10,070 12,861 
Balance at the end of the period$(1,681,367)$(1,410,940)$(1,200,941)
4

(1) Represents accumulated depreciation on real estate assets of Hollywood Casino Perryville and Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge which were leased to third parties during 2021. See Note 6 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
108


SCHEDULE IV
MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE
Year Ended December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Mortgage Loans:
Balance at the beginning of the period$57,684 
  Additions during the period:
      New mortgage loans— 
  Deductions during the period:
      Collections of principal— 
      Other deductions (1)
(57,684)
Balance at the end of the period$— 

(1) In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the loan, subject to a long-term lease (the "Belterra Park Lease") with a Boyd affiliate operating the property. The are no mortgage loans outstanding as of December 31, 2019
(in thousands)


Description Interest Rate Final Maturity Date Periodic Payment Terms Prior Liens Face Amount of Mortgage 
Carrying Amount of Mortgage (3)
 Principal Amount of Loans Subject to Delinquent Principal or Interest
Belterra Park Loan 11.20% 
4/3/2051 (1)
 interest paid monthly —
 57,684
 57,684
 —
          $57,684
 $57,684
 —

(1) The Belterra Park Loan matures in connection with the expiration of the Boyd Master Lease (as may be extended at the tenant's option to April 30, 2051).

(3) The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of the mortgage loan listed above was approximately $58 million at2021 or December 31, 2019.2020, respectively.
109
 Year Ended December 31, 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018
 (in thousands)
Mortgage Loans:   
Balance at the beginning of the period$303,684
 $—
  Additions during the period:   
      New mortgage loans—
 303,684
  Deductions during the period:   
      Collections of principal—
 —
      Other deductions (1)
(246,000) —
Balance at the end of the period$57,684
 $303,684

(1) On October 1, 2019, the one-year anniversary of the Eldorado Loan, the mortgage evidenced by a deed of trust on the Lumière Place property terminated and the loan became unsecured and will remain unsecured until its final maturity on the two-year anniversary of the closing.

ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management, under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as of December 31, 2019,2021, which is the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of December 31, 20192021 the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, evaluated and reported, as applicable, within the time periods specified in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The Company's management conducted an assessment of the Company's internal control over financial reporting and concluded it was effective as of December 31, 2019.2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013).
Deloitte & Touche LLP (PCAOB ID No. 34), the Company's independent registered accounting firm, issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2021, which is included on the following page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company implemented controls over the calculation of credit losses on financing receivables in connection with the closing of the Maryland Live! Lease. This entailed hiring an external consultant to assist the Company in developing loss estimates over the life of the lease as well as a review by the accounting department of certain key inputs into the loss estimation model utilized by the third party in determining the reserve estimate as well as the overall methodology. There have been no other changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2019,2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company implemented new controls to ensure continued compliance with the new leasing guidance in ASC 842 that was adopted on January 1, 2019.


110


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholdersshareholders and the Board of Directors of
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiariessubsidiaries

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Subsidiariessubsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control -- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control -- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, of the Company and our report dated February 20, 2020,24, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



/s/ Deloitte & Touche

New York, New York
February 20, 202024, 2022


111



ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION
NoneNone.


ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.
112


PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item concerning directors is hereby incorporated by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 20202022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "2020"2022 Proxy Statement"), to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2019,2021, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Information required by this item concerning executive officers is included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information called for in this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the 20202022 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
The information called for in this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the 20202022 Proxy Statement.

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information called for in this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the 20202022 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information called for in this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the 20202022 Proxy Statement.

113


PART IV
ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)    1. Financial Statements. The following is a list of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiaries and supplementary data filed as part of Item 8 hereof:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20192021 and 20182020
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
2. Financial Statement Schedules:
Schedule III. Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 20192021
Schedule IV. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate as of December 31, 20192021
3. Exhibits, Including Those Incorporated by Reference.
The exhibits to this Report are listed on the accompanying index to exhibits and are incorporated herein by reference or are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

114


EXHIBIT INDEX
ExhibitDescription of Exhibit
2.1
2.2
2.3
Amendment No. 1, dated as of March 25, 2016, to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 20, 2015, by and among Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc., Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Gold Merger Sub, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2016).
2.4
Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated April 28, 2016, by and between PNK Entertainment, Inc., Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc. and solely with respect to Article VIII, Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2016).
2.53.1 
2.6
Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2018, by and between Tropicana Entertainment Inc. and GLP Capital, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed on April 16, 2018).
2.7
Amendment No. 1 and Joinder to Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2018, by and among Tropicana Entertainment, Inc., Eldorado Resorts, Inc. and GLP Capital, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed on October 1, 2018).
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on June 15, 2018).
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

Exhibit4.6 Description of Exhibit
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
115


4.10
4.11
4.12 
4.13 
4.124.14 
4.13
Form of 2021 Note (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 and included in Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2016).
4.14
Form of 2026 Note (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 and included in Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2016).
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20*4.20 
4.21 
4.22*
10.1
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2013, by and among GLP Capital, L.P., GLP Financing II, Inc., Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and the other initial purchasers named therein, with respect to the 2018 Notes. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2013).

Exhibit10.1 Description of Exhibit
10.2
10.310.2 
10.4
Credit Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2013, among GLP Capital, L.P., as successor-by-merger to GLP Financing, LLC, each lender from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2013).
10.510.3 
116


10.610.4 
10.710.5 
10.810.6 
10.910.7 
10.8 
10.9 
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15

Exhibit10.16 Description of Exhibit
10.16
10.17
117


10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
First Amendment to Master Lease, dated June 6, 2019, by and among GLP Capital, L.P., Tropicana Entertainment, Inc. and Tropicana Atlantic City Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 8, 2019).
10.25
Master Lease Agreement, dated October 15, 2018, by and between Gold Merger Sub, LLC and Boyd TCIV, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K, filed on October 16, 2018).
10.2610.24 
10.2710.25 
10.2810.26 
10.2910.27 
10.3010.28 
10.3110.29 #

10.30 #*
ExhibitDescription of Exhibit
10.32#
10.33 #
Form of Restricted Stock Performance Award II under the Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2017).
10.34 #
Form of Restricted Stock Award under the Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. 2013 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2015).Plan for Awards issued after January 1, 2020.
10.35 #10.31 #*
10.32 #*
10.33 #*
118


10.36 #10.34 #*
10.35 #*
10.37 #10.36 #*
10.37 #*
10.38 ##*
10.39 #
10.39 #10.40 *
Letter10.41 
10.4010.42 
21*
23*22.1*
23*
31.1*
31.2*32.1*
32.1*
CEOPrincipal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*101 
CFO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002.
101
The following financial information from Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104
The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2021, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
#    Compensation plans and arrangements for executives and others.
*    Filed herewith.

119


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
GAMING AND LEISURE PROPERTIES, INC.
By:/s/ PETER M. CARLINO
Peter M. Carlino
 Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer

Dated: February 21, 202024, 2022
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SignatureTitle��Date
/s/ PETER M. CARLINOChairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)February 21, 202024, 2022
Peter M. Carlino
/s/  STEVEN T. SNYDERChief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)February 21, 2020
Steven T. Snyder
/s/ DESIREE A. BURKESenior Vice President, and Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer (Principal Accounting Officer)February 21, 202024, 2022
Desiree A. Burke
/s/ CAROL LYNTONDirectorFebruary 21, 202024, 2022
Carol Lynton
/s/ JOSEPH W. MARSHALLDirectorFebruary 21, 202024, 2022
Joseph W. Marshall
/s/ JAMES B. PERRYDirectorFebruary 21, 202024, 2022
James B. Perry
/s/ BARRY F. SCHWARTZDirectorFebruary 21, 202024, 2022
Barry F. Schwartz
/s/ EARL C. SHANKSDirectorFebruary 21, 202024, 2022
Earl C. Shanks
/s/ E. SCOTT URDANGDirectorFebruary 21, 202024, 2022
E. Scott Urdang
/s/ JOANNE A. EPPSDirectorFebruary 24, 2022
Joanne A. Epps


124
120