In this Report, the terms “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to CB Financial Services, Inc., and Community Bank, unless the context indicates another meaning. In addition, we sometimes refer to CB Financial Services, Inc., as “CB,” or the “Company” and to Community Bank as the “Bank.”

CB Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”), a Pennsylvania corporation, is a bank holding company headquartered in Carmichaels, Pennsylvania. The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CBFV.” The Company conducts its operations primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, Community Bank, a Pennsylvania-chartered commercial bank. At December 31, 2021,2022, the Company, on a consolidated basis, had total assets of $1.43$1.41 billion, total liabilities of $1.29$1.30 billion and stockholders’ equity of $133.1$110.2 million.

Community Bank is a Pennsylvania-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Carmichaels, Pennsylvania. After the consolidation of one branch in 2022 and the consolidation and sale of eight branches in 2021, and consolidation of two branches in 2020, the Bank reduced the total number of branches to 1413 and operates from 1110 offices in Greene, Allegheny, Washington, Fayette and Westmoreland Counties in southwestern Pennsylvania and three offices in Marshall and Ohio Counties in West Virginia. The Bank also has one loan production office in Allegheny County, a corporate center in Washington County and an operations center in Greene County in Pennsylvania. The Bank is a community-oriented institution offering residential and commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans as well as a variety of deposit products for individuals and businesses in its market area.

The Bank is the sole shareholder of Exchange Underwriters, Inc. ("Exchange Underwriters" or “EU”), a wholly-owned subsidiary located in Washington County that is a full-service, independent insurance agency that offers property and casualty, commercial liability, surety and other insurance products. Exchange Underwriters' independent insurance agents shop from over 50 of the nation’s leading insurance providers to find the policy that fits their client's needs.

The Bank was originally chartered in 1901 as The First National Bank of Carmichaels. In 1987, the Bank changed its name to Community Bank, National Association. In December 2006, the Bank completed a charter conversion from a national bank to a Pennsylvania-chartered commercial bank wholly-owned by the Company. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) System. Our deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

In 2021, the Company announced the implementation of branch optimization and operational efficiency strategic initiatives to improve the Bank’s financial performance and operations in order to position the Bank for continued profitable growth through the optimization of its branch network while expanding technology and infrastructure investments in its remaining locations. The decision was the result of a comprehensive internal study that measured branch performance by comparing financial and non-financial indicators to growth opportunities, while evolving changes in consumer preferences, largely driven by the global pandemic, led to an acceleration of branch optimization efforts. The Bank also completed a comprehensive review of its branch network and operating environment to identify solutions to improve operating performance. This review prioritized profitability, efficiency, infrastructure and client experience improvements, automation in operations, and digital marketing and technology investments and the Bank is in process of implementing operational efficiencies related to individualized processes within its branch network and operating environment.

The Bank has substantially completed these initiatives through the consolidation of six branches that was completed on June 30, 2021. In addition, CB Financial, Community Bank, and Citizens Bank of West Virginia, Inc. (“Citizens Bank”) executed a Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which Citizens Bank agreed to purchase certain loans and other assets, and assume certain deposits and other liabilities, of the branch offices of Community Bank located in Buckhannon, West Virginia, and New Martinsville, West Virginia. The divestiture of two branches in December 2021 resulted in the sale of $102.8 million of deposits, $6.1 million of loans and $795,000 of premises and equipment and the recognition of a $5.2 million pre-tax gain on sale from a 5.0% premium paid by Citizens Bank on the assumed deposits. The branch optimization initiative reduced the Bank's branch network to 14 branches.

Effective October 31, 2014, the Company completed a merger with FedFirst Financial Corporation (“FedFirst”), the holding company for First Federal Savings Bank (“FFSB”), a federally chartered stock savings bank. As part of the merger, the

Effective April 30, 2018, the Company completed its merger with First West Virginia Bancorp (“FWVB”), the holding company for Progressive Bank, N.A. (“PB”), a national association. The FWVB merger enhanced the Bank’s exposure into the core of the Tri-State region with the addition of branches in West Virginia and Eastern Ohio.

Effective August 1, 2018, Exchange Underwriters merged with Beynon Insurance Agency to become one of the largest insurance agencies in the Pittsburgh region. The merger brought together two long-standing, locally owned and operated Southwestern Pennsylvania independent insurance agencies both built upon the same values and culture of serving their customers.

We intend to operate as a well-capitalized and profitable community bank dedicated to providing exceptional personal service to our customers. We believe that we have a competitive advantage in the markets we serve because of our knowledge of the local marketplace and our long-standing history of providing superior, relationship-based customer service. We will continue to grow and create value for our shareholders.stockholders. Our employees will be treated fairly and given opportunities for personal growth. We will be closely involved in improving our communities. Our business strategies emphasize building on core strengths and are discussed below.

The Company’s southwestern Pennsylvania market area consists of Allegheny, Fayette, Greene, Washington and Westmoreland Counties. Greene County is a significantly more rural county compared to the counties in which we have our other branches. Our offices located in Allegheny, Washington, Fayette, and Westmoreland Counties are in the southern suburban area of metropolitan Pittsburgh. Our branches from the FWVB merger extend the Company’s market area into West Virginia with three offices in Marshall and Ohio Counties.

The following table sets forth certain economic statistics for our market area.

The market area has been impacted by the energy industry through the extraction of untapped natural gas reserves in the Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale Formation. The Utica Shale formation lies beneath most of Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York, as well as Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia and a part of Canada. The Marcellus Shale Formation extends throughout much of the Appalachian Basin and most of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Eastern Ohio. Both

We encounter significant competition both in attracting deposits and in originating real estate and other loans. Our most direct competition for deposits historically has come from other commercial banks, savings banks, savings associations and credit unions in our market area, and we expect continued strong competition from such financial institutions in the foreseeable future. The Company faces additional competition for deposits from online financial institutions and non-depository competitors, such as the mutual fund industry, securities and brokerage firms, and insurance companies. We compete for deposits by offering depositors a high level of personal service and expertise together with a wide range of financial services. Our deposit sources are primarily concentrated in the communities surrounding our branch offices. As of June 30, 2021,2022, our FDIC-insured deposit market share in the counties we serve was 0.61%0.56% out of 5648 bank and thrift institutions. Our FDIC-insured deposit market share in the counties we serve, excluding Allegheny County, which is the second most populous county in Pennsylvania, but where the Bank's has limited presence with one branch, was 5.18%4.98% out of 4132 bank and thrift institutions. Such data does not reflect deposits held by credit unions.

The competition for real estate and other loans comes principally from other commercial banks, mortgage banking companies, government-sponsored entities, savings banks and savings associations. This competition for loans has increased substantially in recent years. We compete for loans primarily through the interest rates, prepayment penalties, and loan fees we charge and the efficiency and quality of services we provide to borrowers. Factors that affect competition include general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels and the volatility of the mortgage markets.

When underwriting one- to four-family mortgage loans, we review and verify each loan applicant’s income and credit history. Management believes that stability of income and past credit history are integral parts in the underwriting process. Written appraisals are generally required on real estate property offered to secure an applicant’s loan. We generally limit the loan-to-value ratios of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans to 80% of the purchase price or appraised value of the property, whichever is less. For one- to four-family real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios of over 80%, we generally require private mortgage insurance. We require fire and casualty insurance on all properties securing real estate loans. We require title insurance, or an attorney’s title opinion, as circumstances warrant.

Our one- to four-family mortgage loans customarily include due-on-sale clauses, which give us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, that the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of the underlying real property serving as collateral for the loan.

Fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with terms of 15 years or more are originated for resale to the secondary market. During the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, we originated $12.6 millionnone and $32.1$12.6 million of fixed-rate residential mortgage loans, respectively, which were subsequently sold in the secondary mortgage market.

The origination of fixed-rate mortgage loans versus adjustable-rate mortgage loans is monitored on an ongoing basis and is affected significantly by the level of market interest rates, customer preference, our interest rate risk position and our

We do not offer an “interest only” mortgage loan product on one- to four-family residential properties (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. We do not offer a “subprime loan” program (loans that generally target borrowers with weakened credit histories typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments, bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios) or Alt-A loans (traditionally defined as loans having less than full documentation). We may originate loans to consumers with a credit score below 660. This may be defined as subprime loans, however there are typically mitigating circumstances that according to FDIC guidance and our opinion would not designate such loans as “subprime.”

Our underwriting standards for home equity loans include a determination of the applicant’s credit history and an assessment of the applicant’s ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income from primary employment, and additionally from any verifiable secondary income. We also consider the length of employment with the borrower’s present employer. Creditworthiness of the applicant is of primary consideration; however, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral in relation to the proposed loan amount.

We primarily originate home equity loans secured by first lien mortgages. Home equity loans in a junior lien position totaled $11.3$2.6 million at December 31, 20212022 and entail greater risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans or home equity loans secured by first lien mortgages. In such cases, collateral repossessed after a default may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of damage or depreciation in the value of the property or loss of equity to the first lien position. Further, home equity loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Finally, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans in the event of a default.

Our commercial real estate loans generally have adjustable interest rates with terms of up to 15 years and amortization periods up to 25 years. The adjustable rate loans are typically fixed for the first five years and adjust every five years thereafter. The maximum loan-to-value ratio of our commercial real estate loans is generally 75% to 80% of the lower of cost or appraised value of the property securing the loan.

We consider a number of factors in originating commercial real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including project-level and global cash flows and debt service coverage, credit history and management expertise, as well as the value and condition of the property, securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with the Bank and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors considered include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, and the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the property. We generally will not lend to high

We underwrite commercial real estate loan participations to the same standards as loans originated by us. In addition, we consider the financial strength and reputation of the lead lender. We require the lead lender to provide a full closing package as well as annual financial statements for the borrower and related entities so that we can conduct an annual loan review for all loan participations. Loans secured by commercial real estate generally involve a greater degree of credit risk than residential mortgage loans and carry larger loan balances. This increased credit risk is a result of several factors, including the effects of general economic conditions on income producing properties and the successful operation or management of the properties securing the loans. Furthermore, the repayment of loans secured by commercial real estate is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the related business and real estate property. If the cash flow from the project is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired.

Commercial real estate loans generally have higher credit risks compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, as they typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, payment experience on loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the related real estate project, and this may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the real estate market and in the general economy.

Exclusive of PPP loans, commercial and industrial loans generally have terms of maturity from five to seven years with adjustable interest rates tied to the prime rate, LIBOR, SOFR or the weekly average of the FHLB of Pittsburgh three- to ten-year fixed rates. We generally obtain personal guarantees from the borrower or a third party as a condition to originating the loan. On a limited basis, we will originate unsecured business loans in those instances where the applicant’s financial strength and creditworthiness has been established. Commercial business loans generally bear higher interest rates than residential loans, but they also may involve a higher risk of default because their repayment is generally dependent on the successful operation of the borrower’s business.

Our underwriting standards for commercial business loans include a determination of the applicant’s ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan from normal cash flows generated in the applicant’s business. We assess the financial strength of each applicant through the review of financial statements and tax returns provided by the applicant. The creditworthiness of an applicant is derived from a review of credit reports as well as a search of public records. We periodically review business loans following origination. We request financial statements at least annually and review them for substantial deviations or changes that might affect repayment of the loan. Our loan officers may also visit the premises of borrowers to observe the business premises, facilities, and personnel and to inspect the pledged collateral. Lines of credit secured with accounts receivable and inventory typically require that the customer provide a monthly borrowing base certificate that is reviewed prior to each draw request. Underwriting standards for business loans are different for each type of loan depending on the financial strength of the applicant and the value of collateral offered as security. All commercial loans are assigned a risk rating, which is reviewed internally, as well as by independent loan review professionals, annually.

Commercial and industrial business loans involve a greater risk of default than one- to four-residential mortgage loans of like duration because their repayment generally depends on the successful operation of the borrower’s business and the sufficiency of collateral, if any.

Indirect auto loans are loans that are sold by auto dealerships to third parties, such as banks or other types of lenders. We work with various auto dealers throughout our lending area. The dealer collects information from the applicant and transmits it to us electronically for review, where we can either accept or reject the applicant without ever meeting the applicant. If the Bank approves the applicant’s request for financing, the Bank purchases the dealership-originated installment sales contract and is known as the holder in due course that is entitled to receive principal and interest payments from a borrower. As compensation for generating the loan, a portion of the rate is advanced to the dealer and accrued in a prepaid dealer reserve account. As a result, the Bank’s yield is below the contractual interest rate because the Bank must wait for the stream of loan payments to be repaid. The Bank will receive a pro rata refund of the amount prepaid to the dealer only if the loan prepays within the first six months or if the collateral for the loan is repossessed. The Bank is responsible for pursuing repossession if the borrower defaults on payments.

Consumer loans entail greater risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, particularly consumer loans secured by rapidly depreciating assets, such as automobiles, or loans that are unsecured. In such cases, collateral repossessed after a default may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of damage, loss or depreciation. Further, consumer loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Such events would increase our risk of loss on unsecured loans. Finally, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans in the event of a default.

Our lending activities follow written, non-discriminatory underwriting standards and loan origination procedures established by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). In the approval process for residential loans, we assess the borrower’s

When a borrower fails to remit a required loan payment, a courtesy notice is sent to the borrower prior to the end of their appropriate grace period stressing the importance of paying the loan current. If a payment is not paid within the appropriate grace period, then a late notice is mailed. In addition, telephone calls are made and additional letters may be sent. Collection efforts continue until it is determined that the debt is uncollectible.

For loans secured by real estate, a Homeownership Counseling Notice is mailed when the loan is 45 days delinquent. In Pennsylvania, an Act 91 Notice is mailed to the borrower stating that they have 33 days to cure the default before foreclosure is initiated. In West Virginia, a Notice of Default is mailed and in Ohio, a demand letter is mailed when a loan is 60 days delinquent. When a loan becomes 90 or more days delinquent, it is forwarded to the Bank’s attorney to pursue other remedies. An official mortgage foreclosure complaint typically occurs at 120 days delinquent. In the event collection efforts have not succeeded, the property will proceed to a Sheriff Sale to be sold.

For commercial loans, the borrower is contacted in an attempt to reestablish the loan to current payment status and ensure timely payments continue. Collection efforts continue until the loan is 60 days past due, at which time demand payment, default, and/or foreclosure procedures are initiated. We may consider loan workout arrangements with certain borrowers under certain circumstances.

Our current investment policy permits us to invest in U.S. treasuries, U.S government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, investment grade corporate bonds, obligations of states and political subdivisions, short-term instruments, and other securities. The investment policy also permits investments in certificates of deposit, securities purchased under an agreement to resell, banker’s acceptances, commercial paper and federal funds. Our current investment policy generally does not permit investment in stripped mortgage-backed securities, short sales, derivatives, or other high-risk securities. Federal and Pennsylvania state laws generally limit our investment activities to those permissible for a national bank.

The accounting rules require that, at the time of purchase, we designate a debt security as held to maturity, available-for-sale, or trading, depending on our ability and intent. Securities available for sale are reported at fair value, while securities held to maturity are reported at amortized cost. Our entire debt securities portfolio is designated as available-for-sale.

The debt securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored enterprises. We expect the composition of our debt securities portfolio to continue to change based on liquidity needs associated with loan origination activities. During the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, we had no debt securities that were deemed to be other than temporarily impaired.

We also invest in equity securities, which consist primarily of mutual funds and a portfolio of bank stocks. This portfolio is valued at fair value with changes in market price recognized through noninterest income.

We maintain a minimum amount of liquid assets that may be invested in specified short-term securities and certain other investments. Liquidity levels may be increased or decreased depending upon the yields on investment alternatives and upon management’s judgment as to the attractiveness of the yields then available in relation to other opportunities and its expectation of the level of yield that will be available in the future, as well as management’s projections as to the short-term demand for funds to be used in our loan originations and other activities.

MBS’s are created by pooling mortgages and issuing a security with an interest rate that is less than the interest rate on the underlying mortgages. CMO’s generally are a specific class of MBS’s that are divided based on risk assessments and maturity dates. These mortgage classes are pooled into a special purpose entity, where tranches are created and sold to investors. Investors in a CMO are purchasing bonds issued by the entity, and then receive payments based on the income derived from the pooled mortgages. The various pools are divided into tranches are then securitized and sold to the investor. MBS’s typically represent a participation interest in a pool of one- to four-family or multifamily mortgages, although we invest primarily in MBS’s backed by one- to four-family mortgages. The issuers of such securities pool and resell the participation interests in the form of securities to investors. Some security pools are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest to investors. MBS’s generally yield less than the loans that underlie such securities because of the cost of payment guarantees and credit enhancements. However, MBS’s are more liquid than individual mortgage loans because there is an active trading market for such securities. In addition, MBS’s may be used to collateralize our specific liabilities and obligations. Finally, MBS’s are assigned lower risk-weightings for purposes of calculating our risk-based capital level.

Investments in MBS’s involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or less than the prepayment rate estimated at the time of purchase, which may result in adjustments to the amortization of any premium or acceleration of any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on our securities.

Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals.

The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in money market and other prevailing interest rates and competition. The variety of deposit accounts offered allows the Company to be competitive in obtaining funds and responding to changes in consumer demand. Based on experience, the Company believes that its deposits are relatively stable. However, the ability to attract and maintain deposits and the rates paid on these deposits has been and will continue to be significantly affected by market conditions.

The FHLB functions as a central reserve bank providing credit for us and other member savings associations and financial institutions. As a member, we are required to own capital stock in the FHLB and are authorized to apply for advances on the security of such stock and certain of our home mortgages, provided certain standards related to creditworthiness have been met. We typically secure advances from the FHLB with one- to four-family residential mortgage and commercial real estate loans. Advances are made pursuant to several different programs. Each credit program has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Depending on the program, limitations on the amount of advances are based either on a fixed percentage of a member institution’s stockholders’ equity or on the FHLB’s assessment of the institution’s creditworthiness. At December 31, 2021,2022, we had a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of up to $427.2$435.3 million and available borrowing capacity of $347.1$407.4 million. At December 31, 2021,2022, we had $3.0 million inno FHLB advances outstanding, of which all were long-term borrowings.outstanding. As an alternative to pledging securities, the facility is also used for standby letters of credit to collateralize public deposits in excess of the level insured by the FDIC. Commitments for standby letters of credit to secure public deposits were $62.0$26.2 million and $90.3$69.0 million as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020.2021.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase represent business deposit customers whose funds, above designated target balances, are transferred into an overnight interest-earning investment account by purchasing securities from the Bank’s investment portfolio under an agreement to repurchase. We may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Short-term borrowings may also consist of federal funds purchased.

At December 31, 2021,2022, the Bank maintained a Borrower-In-Custody of Collateral line of credit agreement with the FRB for $86.3$119.0 million that requires monthly certification of collateral, is subject to annual renewal, incurs no service charge and is secured by commercial and consumer indirect auto loans. The Bank also maintains multiple line of credit arrangements with various unaffiliated banks totaling $50.0 million. At December 31, 2021,2022, we did not have any outstanding balances under any of these borrowing relationships.

In December 2021, the Company entered into a term loan in the principal amount of $15.0 million, evidenced by a term note which matures on December 15, 2031 ("2031 Note"). The 2031 Note is an unsecured subordinated obligation of the Company and may be repaid in whole or in part, without penalty, on any interest payment date on or after December 15, 2026 and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events. The 2031 Note initially bears a fixed interest rate of 3.875% per year to,

CB Financial Services, Inc., is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. As such, it is registered with, subject to examination and supervision by, and otherwise required to comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board.

Community Bank is a Pennsylvania-chartered commercial bank subject to extensive regulation by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the FDIC. The Bank’s deposit accounts are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. The Bank must file reports with the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition, in addition to obtaining regulatory approvals prior to entering into certain transactions, such as mergers or acquisitions with other depository institutions. There are periodic examinations of the Bank by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the FDIC to review the Bank’s compliance with various regulatory requirements. The Bank is also subject to certain reserve requirements established by the Federal Reserve Board. This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which a commercial bank can engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC and depositors. The regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. Any change in such regulation, whether by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board or Congress could have a material impact on the operations of the Bank.

Set forth below is a brief description of material regulatory requirements that are or will be applicable to CB Financial Services, Inc., and Community Bank. The description is limited to certain material aspects of the statutes and regulations addressed, is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on CB Financial Services, Inc. and Community Bank, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual statutes and regulations involved.

The Dodd-Frank Act made significant changes to the regulatory structure for depository institutions and their holding companies. However, the Dodd-Frank Act’s changes go well beyond that and affect the lending, investments and other operations of all depository institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act requires the Federal Reserve to set minimum capital levels for bank holding companies that are as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries, and the components of Tier 1 capital for holding companies are restricted to capital instruments that are currently considered to be Tier 1 capital for insured depository institutions. The legislation also establishes a floor for capital of insured depository institutions that cannot be lower than the standards in effect upon passage, and directs the federal banking regulators to implement new leverage and capital requirements that take into account off-balance sheet activities and other risks, including risks relating to securitized products and derivatives.

The Dodd-Frank Act created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks, such as the Bank, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has examination and enforcement authority over all banks with more than $10 billion in assets. Banks with $10 billion or less in assets are still examined for compliance by their applicable bank regulators. The new legislation also gave state attorney generals the ability to enforce applicable federal consumer protection laws.

The Dodd-Frank Act broadened the base for FDIC insurance assessments. Assessments are now based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution. The legislation also increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks to $250,000 per depositor. The Dodd-Frank Act increased shareholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give shareholdersstockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation and so called “golden parachute” payments. The legislation also directs the Federal Reserve to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to bank holding company executives, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded or not. Further, the legislation requires that originators of securitized loans retain a percentage of the risk for transferred loans, directs the

The Dodd Frank Act has resulted in an increased regulatory burden and compliance, operating and interest expense for the Company and the Bank.

The risk-based capital standard for state banks requires the maintenance of Tier 1 (core) and total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary capital) to risk-weighted assets of at least 4% and 8%, respectively. In determining the amount of risk weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor of 0% to 1250%, assigned by the regulations, based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Core capital is defined as common shareholders’stockholders’ equity (including retained earnings), certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles other than certain mortgage servicing rights and credit card relationships. The components of supplementary capital include cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, subordinated debt and intermediate preferred stock, the allowance for loan losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities with readily determinable fair market values. Overall, the amount of supplementary capital included as part of total capital cannot exceed 100% of core capital. Additionally, an institution that retains credit risk in connection with an asset sale is required to maintain additional regulatory capital because of the purchaser’s recourse against the institution. In assessing

At December 31, 2021,2022, the Bank’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements.

The risk-based capital rule and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets by the FDIC and the other federal bank regulators are consistent with agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The rule applies to all depository institutions (such as the Bank) and top-tier bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $3.0 billion or more. Among other things, the rule established a common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (4.5% of risk-weighted assets), increases the minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets requirement (from 4.0% to 6.0% of risk-weighted assets) and assigns a higher risk weight (150%) to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on nonaccrual status and to certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property. The rule also requires unrealized gains and losses on certain available-for-sale securities to be included for purposes of calculating regulatory capital requirements unless a one-time opt-in or opt-out is exercised. The Bank elected the one-time opt-out election for accumulated other comprehensive incomeloss (“AOCI”AOCL”) to be excluded from the regulatory capital calculation. The rule limits a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a capital conservation buffer consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in at 0.625% per year beginning January 1, 2016 and ended January 1, 2019, when the full 2.5% capital conservation buffer requirement became effective.

The Community Reinvestment Act requires all institutions insured by the FDIC to publicly disclose their rating. The Bank received a “satisfactory” rating in its most recent federal examination.

The Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders,stockholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve. Among other things, these provisions generally require that extensions of credit to insiders be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Bank’s capital. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Bank’s Board. Extensions of credit to executive officers are subject to additional limits based on the type of extension involved.

Generally, the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (the “Pennsylvania Department of Banking” or “PDBS”) is required to appoint a receiver or conservator for a state-chartered bank that is “critically undercapitalized” within specific time frames. The regulations also provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the FDIC within 45 days of the date that an institution is deemed to have received notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Any bank holding company of an institution that is required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee performance under the plan in an amount of up to the lesser of 5% of the institution’s assets at the time it was deemed to be undercapitalized by the FDIC or the amount necessary to restore the institution to adequately capitalized status. This guarantee remains in place until the FDIC notifies the institution that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive calendar quarters. Institutions that are undercapitalized become subject to certain mandatory measures, such as restrictions on capital distributions and asset growth. The PDBS may also take any one of a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions, including the issuance of a capital directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.

At December 31, 2021,2022, the Bank met the criteria for being considered “well capitalized.”

In addition, the final capital rule adopted in July 2013 revises the prompt corrective action categories to incorporate the revised minimum capital requirements of that rule.

The Dodd-Frank Act increased the minimum target DIF ratio from 1.15% to 1.35% of estimated insured deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act eliminated the 1.5% maximum fund ratio, instead leaving it to the discretion of the FDIC to establish a maximum fund ratio. The FDIC has exercised that discretion by establishing a long-range fund ratio of 2%. The FDIC announced that the ratio had declined to 1.30% at September 30, 2020 due largely to consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The FDIC adopted a plan to restore the fund to the 1.35% ratio within eight years but did not change its assessment schedule.

The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. Any significant increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank. Management cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. The Bank does not currently know of any practice, condition or violation that may lead to termination of its deposit insurance.

Interest and other charges collected or contracted by the Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. The Bank’s operations are also subject to federal and state laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:

Under the Change in Bank Control Act, the Federal Reserve generally has 60 days from the filing of a complete notice to act, taking into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition.

In addition to risks disclosed elsewhere in this Report, the following discussion sets forth the material risk factors that could affect the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Readers should not consider any descriptions of these factors to be a complete set of all potential risks that could affect the Company. Any risk factor discussed below could by itself, or combined with other factors, materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, capital position, liquidity, competitive position or reputation, including by materially increasing expenses or decreasing revenues, which could result in material losses or a decrease in earnings.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic dislocation in the United States. Although the domestic and global economies have begun to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic as many health and safety restrictions have been lifted and vaccine distribution has increased, certain adverse consequences of the pandemic continue to impact the macroeconomic

A substantial portion of the Company’s loan portfolio consists of loans collateralized by real estate. Improving economic conditions have shifted to an increase in demand for real estate, which has resulted in stabilization of some real estate values in the Company’s markets. Further disruptions in the real estate market could significantly impair the value of the Company’s collateral and its ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure. The real estate collateral in each case provides an alternate source of repayment in the event of default by the borrower and may deteriorate in value during the time the credit is extended. If real estate values decline further, it is likely that the Company would be required to increase its allowance for loan losses. If, during a period of lower real estate values, the Company is required to liquidate the collateral securing a loan to satisfy debts or to increase its allowance for loan losses, it could materially reduce its profitability and adversely affect its financial condition.

Commercial real estate and commercial loans generally have more inherent risk than the residential real estate loans. Because the repayment of commercial real estate and commercial loans depends on the successful management and operation of the borrower’s properties or related businesses, repayment of such loans can be affected by adverse conditions in the local real estate market or economy. Commercial real estate and commercial loans also may involve relatively large loan balances to individual borrowers or groups of related borrowers. A downturn in the real estate market or the local economy could adversely affect the value of properties securing the loan or the revenues from the borrower’s business, thereby increasing the risk of nonperforming loans. As the Company’s commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios increase, the corresponding risks and potential for losses from these loans may also increase. Furthermore, it may be difficult to assess the future performance of newly originated commercial loans, as such loans may have delinquency or charge-off levels above the Company’s historical experience, which could adversely affect the Company’s future performance.

Our nonperforming assets adversely affect our net income in various ways. We do not record interest income on non-accrual loans or real estate owned. We must reserve for probable losses, which results in additional provisions for loan losses. As circumstances warrant, we must write down the value of properties in our other real estate owned portfolio to reflect changing market values. Additionally, we have legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets as well as additional costs, such as taxes, insurance and maintenance related to our other real estate owned. The resolution of nonperforming assets also requires the active involvement of management, which can adversely affect the amount of time we devote to the income-producing activities of the Bank. If our estimate of the allowance for loan losses is inadequate, we will have to increase the allowance accordingly.

In determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company analyzes its loss and delinquency experience by loan categories and considers the effect of existing economic conditions. In addition, the Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of the loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of the loans. If the results of these analyses are incorrect, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in the portfolio, which would require additions to the allowance and would reduce net income.

In addition, bank regulators periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require it to increase the allowance for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs. Any increase in the allowance for loan losses or loan charge-offs as required by these regulatory authorities may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

In November 2019, the FASB approved a delay of the required implementation date of ASU 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies resulting in a required implementation date for the Company as of January 1, 2023. TheUpon adoption, the Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU and expects to recognizerecord a one-time cumulative-effectcumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses upon adoption, but we cannot yet determine the magnituderetained earnings that will increase stockholders’ equity by $2.1 million, net of tax. See Note 1 of the one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operation.statements for additional detail.

The Company’s earnings and cash flows depend primarily on its net interest income. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the Company’s control, including general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve. Changes in market interest rates could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. If rates increase rapidly, the Company may have to increase the rates paid on deposits, particularly higher cost time deposits and borrowed funds, more quickly than any changes in interest rates earned on loans and investments, resulting in a negative effect on interest rate spreads and net interest income. Increases in interest rates may also make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans. Conversely, should market interest rates fall below current levels, the Company’s net interest margin also could be negatively affected if competitive pressures keep it from further reducing rates on deposits, while the yields on the Company’s interest-earning assets decrease more rapidly through loan prepayments and interest rate adjustments. Decreases in interest rates often result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowings costs. Under these circumstances, the Company is subject to reinvestment risk to the extent it is unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments in loans or other investments that have interest rates that are comparable to the interest rates on existing loans and securities. Changes in interest rates also affect the value of the Company’s interest-earning assets, and in particular its securities portfolio. Generally, the value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale determined to be temporary in nature are reported as a separate component of equity. Decreases in the fair value of securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates therefore could have an adverse effect on the Company’s stockholders’ equity.

We have recorded goodwill in connection with our recently completed mergers. At December 31, 2021,2022, we had $9.7 million of goodwill on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition after incurring goodwill impairment of $18.7 million in 2020. Any further impairment to goodwill could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial conditions and results of operations. 100% of the goodwill is assigned to the Community Banking reporting unit. Under GAAP, goodwill must be evaluated for impairment annually or on an interim basis when a triggering event occurs. If the carrying value of our reporting unit exceeds its current fair value as determined based on the value of the business, the goodwill is considered impaired and is reduced to fair value by a non-cash, non-tax-deductible charge to earnings. The impairment testing required by GAAP involves estimates and significant judgments by management. Although we believe our assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate, any changes in key assumptions or other unanticipated events and circumstances may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates. Events and conditions that could result in impairment in the value of our goodwill include worsening business conditions and economic factors, particularly those that may result from the impact of a downturn in the economy as a result of COVID-19, changes in the industries in which we operate, adverse changes in the regulatory environment, or other factors leading to reduction in expected long-term profitability and cash flows.

Liquidity is the ability to meet cash flow needs on a timely basis at a reasonable cost. Our liquidity is used to make loans and to repay deposit liabilities as they become due or are demanded by customers. Liquidity policies and procedures are established by the board, with operating limits set based upon the ratio of loans to deposits and percentage of assets funded with non-core or wholesale funding. We regularly monitor our overall liquidity position to ensure various alternative strategies exist

We maintain a portfolio of available-for-sale securities that can be used as a secondary source of liquidity. There are other sources of liquidity available to us should they be needed. These sources include the sale of loans, the ability to acquire national market, non-core deposits, issuance of additional collateralized borrowings such as FHLB advances and federal funds purchased, and the issuance of preferred or common securities.

The Company’s long-term ability to pay dividends to its shareholdersstockholders depends primarily on the ability of the Bank to make capital distributions to the Company and on the availability of cash at the holding company level if the Bank’s earnings are not sufficient to pay dividends. In addition, the Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends by bank holding companies. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior regulatory consultation with respect to capital distributions in certain circumstances, such as where the holding company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the holding company’s overall rate or earnings retention is inconsistent with its capital needs and overall financial condition. These regulatory policies may adversely affect the Company’s ability to pay dividends or otherwise engage in capital distributions.

The Company operates in diverse markets and relies on the ability of its employees and systems to process a significant number of transactions. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from operations, including the risk of fraud by employees or persons outside a company, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, breaches of the internal control system and compliance requirements, and business continuation and disaster recovery. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of an operational deficiency or as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulatory standards, adverse business decisions or their implementation, and customer attrition

Information technology systems are critical to the Company’s business. The Company uses various technology systems to manage customer relationships, general ledger, securities, deposits and loans. The Company has established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the effect of system failures, interruptions and security breaches, but such events may still occur or may not be adequately addressed if they do occur. In addition, any compromise of the Company’s systems could deter customers from using its products and services. Security systems may not protect systems from security breaches.

In addition, the Company outsources some of its data processing to certain third-party providers. If these third-party providers encounter difficulties, or if the Company has difficulty communicating with them, the Company’s ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and business operations could be adversely affected. Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.

The occurrence of any system failures, interruption or breach of security could damage the Company’s reputation and result in a loss of customers and business thereby, subjecting it to additional regulatory scrutiny, or could expose it to litigation and possible financial liability. Although the Company has not experienced any system failures, interruption or breach of security to date, any of these events could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is constantly relying upon the availability of technology, the Internet and telecommunication systems to enable financial transactions by clients, to record and monitor transactions and transmit and receive data to and from clients and third parties. Information security risks have increased significantly due to the use of online, telephone and mobile banking channels by clients and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties. Our technologies, systems, networks and our clients’ devices have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the

The Company’s risk management framework is designed to minimize risk and loss to the company. The Company seeks to identify, measure, monitor, report and control exposure to risk, including strategic, market, liquidity, compliance and operational risks. While the Company uses a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and mitigation techniques, these techniques are inherently limited because they cannot anticipate the existence or future development of currently unanticipated or unknown risks. Economic conditions and heightened legislative and regulatory scrutiny of the financial services industry, among other developments, have increased the Company’s level of risk. Accordingly, the Company could suffer losses if it fails to properly anticipate and manage these risks.

In 2017, the Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), announced in July 2017 that the sustainability of LIBOR cannot be guaranteed. The administrator for LIBOR announced on March 5, 2021 that it will permanently cease to publish most LIBOR settings beginning on January 1, 2022 and cease to publish the overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month USD LIBOR settings on July 1, 2023. Accordingly, the FCA has stated that is does not intend to persuade or compel banks to submit to LIBOR after such respective dates. Until such time, however, FCA panel banks have agreed to continue to support LIBOR. It is impossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. A committee of private-market derivative participants and their regulators convened by the Federal Reserve, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”), was created to identify an alternative reference interest rate to replace LIBOR. The ARRC announced Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by Treasury securities, as its preferred alternative to LIBOR. Subsequently, the Federal Reserve announced final plans for the production of SOFR, which resulted in the commencement of its published rates by the FRB of New York on April 2, 2018. Whether or not SOFR attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement tool remains in question and the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain. The uncertainty as to the nature and effect of such reforms and actions and the political discontinuance of LIBOR may adversely affect the value of and return on our financial assets and liabilities that are based on or are linked to LIBOR, our results of operations or financial condition. In addition, these reforms may also require extensive changes to the contracts that

The Company’s accounting policies are essential to understanding its financial condition and results of operations. Some of these policies require the use of estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and financial results. Some of the Company’s accounting policies are critical because they require management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain, and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. If such estimates or assumptions underlying the Company’s financial statements are incorrect, it may experience material losses.

From time to time, the FASB and the Securities and Exchange Commission change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of those standards that govern the preparation of the Company’s financial statements. These changes are beyond the Company’s control, can be difficult to predict, and could materially affect how the Company reports its financial condition and results of operations. The Company could also be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in restating prior period financial statements in material amounts.

The Company reports certain assets, such as securities, at estimated fair value. Generally, for assets that are reported at fair value, the Company uses quoted market prices or valuation models that utilize observable market inputs to estimate fair value. Because the Company carries these assets on its books at their estimated fair value, it may incur losses even if the asset in question presents minimal credit risk.

The Company faces intense competition both in making loans and attracting deposits. Price competition for loans and deposits might result in the Company earning less on its loans and paying more on its deposits, which reduces net interest income. Some of the Company’s competitors have substantially greater resources than the Company has and may offer services that it does not provide. The Company expects competition to increase in the future as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and the continuing consolidation in the financial services industry. The Company’s profitability will depend upon its continued ability to compete successfully in its market areas.

A worsening of economic conditions could significantly affect the markets in which the Company operates, the value of loans and investments, ongoing operations, costs and profitability. Further declines in real estate values and sales volumes and continued elevated unemployment levels may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies, increases in nonperforming and criticized classified assets, and a decline in demand for the Company’s products and services. In addition, the volatility in natural gas prices, or if prices decline, may depress natural gas exploration and drilling activities in the Marcellus Shale Formation. Furthermore, exploration and drilling of natural gas reserves in our market area may be affected by federal, state and local laws and regulations affecting production, permitting, environmental protection and other matters. Any of these events may negatively affect our customers, and may cause the Company to incur losses, and may adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. Recently, there have been market indicators of a pronounced rise in inflation and the FRB has indicated its intention to raiseraised certain benchmark interest rates in an effort to combat inflation. As inflation increases, the value of our investment securities, particularly those with longer maturities, would decrease, although this effect can be less pronounced for floating rate instruments. In addition, inflation increases the cost of goods and services we use in our business operations, such as electricity and other utilities, which increases our noninterest expenses. Furthermore, our customers are also affected by inflation and the

At December 31, 2021,2022, our premises and equipment had an aggregate net book value of approximately $18.4$17.8 million. We conduct our business through our main office and 13 branch offices. The branch offices are utilized by the community banking segment. In addition, the community banking segment has a corporate office, operations center and loan production office. The insurance brokerage services segment, Exchange Underwriters, operates from one office. We believe that our office facilities are adequate to meet our present and immediately foreseeable needs.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the main and each branch office at December 31, 2021.2022.

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “CBFV.” The approximate number of holders of record of the Company’s common stock as of March 7, 2022,2023, was 633.625. Certain shares of Company common stock are held in “nominee” or “street” name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.

The following table provides information at December 31, 2021,2022, for compensation plans under which equity securities may be issued.

The following table provides information relating to our purchase of shares of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2021.2022.

This discussion and analysis reflects our consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data, and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements, which appear in this Report. You should read the information in this section in conjunction with the business and financial information the Company provided in this Report.

See the first page of this Report for information regarding forward-looking statements.

The following tables set forth selected historical financial and other data of the Company at and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019.2020. The information at December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, and for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 is derived in part from, and should be read together with, the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in this Report and should be read together therewith. The information at December 31, 20192020 and for the year ended December 31, 20192020 is derived in part from audited financial statements that are not included in this Report.

Critical accounting policies are those that involve significant judgments, estimates and assumptions by management and that have, or could have, a material impact on the Company’s income or the carrying value of its assets.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due for principal and interest according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Generally, management considers all substandard-, doubtful-,substandard, doubtful, and loss-rated loans, nonaccrual loans, and TDRs for impairment. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. The maximum period without payment that typically can occur before a loan is considered for impairment is 90 days. Impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at a loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, the observable market price, or, if the loan is collateral dependent, the fair value of the underlying collateral. When the measurement of an impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the impairment is recorded in a specific valuation allowance. This specific valuation allowance is periodically adjusted for significant changes in the amount or timing of expected future cash flows, observable market price or fair value of the collateral. The specific valuation allowance, or allowance for impaired loans, is part of the total allowance for loan losses. Cash payments received on impaired loans that are considered non-accrualnonaccrual are recorded as a direct reduction of the recorded investment in the loan. When the recorded investment has been fully collected, receipts are recorded as recoveries to the allowance for loan losses until the previously charged-off principal is fully recovered. Subsequent amounts collected are recognized as interest income. If no charge-off exists, then once the recorded investment has been fully collected, any future amounts collected would be recognized

The general allowance component covers pools of homogeneous loans by loan class. Management determines historical loss experience for each segment of loans using the five-year rolling average of the net charge-off data within each segment. Qualitative and environmental factors are also considered that are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the Bank’s existing portfolio to differ from historical loss experience, and include levels and trends in delinquency and impaired loans; levels and trends in net charge-offs, trends in volume and terms of loans; change in underwriting, policies, procedures, practices and key personnel; national and local economic trends; industry conditions, and effects of changes in high-risk credit circumstances. The qualitative and environmental factors are reviewed on a quarterly basis to ensure they are reflective of current conditions in the portfolio and economy. An unallocated component, which is a part of the general allowance component, is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect the Company’s estimate of probable losses.

Our allowance is sensitive to a number of inputs, most notably the qualitative factors and historical loss experience by loan segment. Given the dynamic relationship between the inputs, it is difficult to estimate the impact of a change in any one individual variable on the allowance. Although management believes that it uses the best information available to establish the allowance, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary and results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral value cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance that the existing allowance is adequate or that increases will not be necessary should the quality of assets deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed previously. Any increase in the allowance may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Changes in factors underlying the assessment could have a material impact on the amount of the allowance that is necessary and the amount of provision to be charged against earnings.

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company attempts to maximize observable inputs and limit the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, Fair value measurements for assets where there exists limited or no observable market data and that are based primarily upon the Company’s or other third-party’s estimates, are often calculated based on the characteristics of the asset, the economic and competitive environment and other such factors. Therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset. Additionally, there may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique where changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future valuations.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit under the goodwill impairment test is judgmental and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. In 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04 whereby theThe Company applies a one-step quantitative test and records the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If,

Two basic approaches to determine the fair value of an entity are the income approach and market approach or a combination of the two. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future earnings or cash flows to present value to arrive at a value that is indicated by market expectations about future amounts. The market approach uses observable prices and other relevant information that is generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The fair value measure is based on the value that those transactions indicate. These approaches involve significant estimates and assumptionsassumptions.

In the application of the income approach, fair value of a reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. The income approach relies on Level 3 inputs along with a market-derived cost of capital when measuring fair value. Fair value is determined by converting anticipated benefits into a present single value. Once the benefit or benefits are selected, an appropriate discount or capitalization rate is applied to each benefit. These rates are calculated using the appropriate measure for the size and type of company, using financial models and market data as required. A discount rate may be derived based on a modified capital asset pricing model. which is comprised of a risk-free rate of return, an equity risk premium, a size premium and a factor covering the systemic market risk and a company specific risk premium. The values for the factors applied are determined primarily using external sources of information. The DCF model also uses prospective financial information. Estimating future earnings and capital requirements involves judgment and the consideration of past and current performance and overall macroeconomic and regulatory environments.

Under the market approach, Level 1 and 2 inputs are used when measuring fair value. In the application of the market approach, the Guideline Public Company ("GPC") method of appraisal is based on the premise that pricing multiples of publicly traded companies can be used as a tool to be applied in valuing a closely held entity. A value multiple or ratio relates a stock’s market price to the reported accounting data such as revenue, earnings, and book value. These ratios provide an objective basis for measuring the market’s perception of a stock’s fair value. Value ratios generally reflect the trends in growth, performance and stability of the financial results of operations. In this way, the business and financial risks exhibited by an industry or group of companies can be viewed in relation to market values. Value ratios also reflect the market’s outlook for the economy as a whole. Guideline companies provide a reasonable basis for comparison to the relative investment characteristics of the company being valued. The Company analyzes the relationships between the guideline companies' asset size, profitability, asset quality and capital ratios and applies a control premium to the selected guideline company multiples. The control premium is management's estimate of how much a market participant would be willing to pay over the fair market value in consideration of synergies and other benefits that flow from control of the entity. The GPC method using trading activity of

The results of the income and market approaches may be weighted to determine the concluded fair value of the reporting unit. The weighting is judgmental and is based on the perceived level of appropriateness of the valuation methodology. Estimating the fair value involves the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors including actual operating results. If current conditions change from those expected, it is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods and require management to further evaluate goodwill for impairment.

As a result of a quantitative goodwill impairment test and in connection with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements, the Company concluded that goodwill was impaired in 2020. Accordingly, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as the Company's estimated fair value was less than its book value. If the Company determines a triggering event occurs in the future, changes in the judgments, assumptions and inputs noted above could result in additional goodwill impairment.

New accounting pronouncements that were adopted in the current period or will be adopted in a future period are discussed in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Report.

In 2021, the Company announced the implementation of branch optimization and operational efficiency strategic initiatives to improve the Bank’s financial performance and operations in order to position the Bank for continued profitable growth through the optimization of its branch network while expanding technology and infrastructure investments in its remaining locations. The decision was the result of a comprehensive internal study that measured branch performance by comparing financial and non-financial indicators to growth opportunities, while evolving changes in consumer preferences, largely driven by the global pandemic, led to an acceleration of branch optimization efforts. The Bank also completed a comprehensive review of its branch network and operating environment to identify solutions to improve operating performance. This review prioritized profitability, efficiency, infrastructure and client experience improvements, automation in operations, and digital marketing and technology investments and the Bank is in process of implementing operational efficiencies related to individualized processes within its branch network and operating environment.

The Bank has substantially completed these initiatives through the consolidation of six branches that was completed on June 30, 2021. In addition, CB Financial, Community Bank, and Citizens Bank of West Virginia, Inc. (“Citizens Bank”) executed a Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which Citizens Bank agreed to purchase certain loans and other assets, and assume certain deposits and other liabilities, of the branch offices of Community Bank located in Buckhannon, West Virginia, and New Martinsville, West Virginia. The divestiture of two branches in December 2021 resulted in the sale of $102.8 million of deposits, $6.1 million of loans and $795,000 of premises and equipment and the recognition of a $5.2 million pre-tax gain on sale from a 5.0% premium paid by Citizens Bank on the assumed deposits. The branch optimization initiative reduced the Bank's branch network to 14 branches. The Company anticipates $3.0 million of ongoing pre-tax cost savings as a result of the branch optimization initiatives. The majority of the process improvements have been implemented with the remaining items to be implemented in 2022. The Company anticipates cost savings from the operational efficiency initiative ranging from approximately $2.5 million to $3.5 million in 2022, as well as expected enhanced revenue and fee generating capacity in future years.

Although many health and safety restrictions have been lifted and vaccine distribution has increased, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted local, national and global economies and financial markets since March 2020. Economic activity and demand for goods and services, alongside labor shortages and supply chain complications, has also contributed to rising inflationary pressures. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict

In response to the anticipated economic effects of COVID-19, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve took a number of actions that significantly affected the financial markets, including actions intended to result in substantial decreases in market interest rates. On March 15, 2020, the FRB reduced the target federal funds range by 100 basis points to 0% to 0.25% and have held the target federal funds rate in that range for the remainder of 2020 and throughout 2021. These reductions in interest rates, among other actions of the FRB and the Federal government generally, adversely affected our net interest income, compressed our margins and impacted our overall profitability. We expect that theThe reduction of interest rates to near zero in response to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic willwere gradually be reversed over the course of the next year2022 with theincreases totaling 425 bps due to FRB now signaling its concerns with respect to inflation. The FRB has indicated it is committed to reducing inflation to its 2% objective. The magnitude and announcing that it will begin to taper its purchasetiming of mortgage and other bonds. The timing and impact of the expected reversal infurther interest rate trendsaction is unknown.

In addition to traditional measures presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we use, and this Report contains or references, certain non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information in understanding our underlying results of operations or financial position and our business and performance trends as they facilitate comparisons with the performance of other companies in the financial services industry. Although we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures enhance the understanding of our business and performance, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered an alternative to GAAP or considered to be more important than financial results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable with non-GAAP measures which may be presented by other companies. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure, can be found herein. Refer to the "Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to GAAP" within this Item 7 for further information.