SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172023
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from         to


Commission File Number: 1-13792
Systemax Inc.Global Industrial Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware11-3262067
Delaware11-3262067
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11 Harbor Park Drive
Port Washington, New York   11050
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (516) 608-7000


 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $ .01 per shareGICNew York Stock Exchange


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best knowledge of the registrant, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment of this Form 10-K. ☒


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company, and "emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):



Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☒
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐





If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No ☒


The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017,2023, which is the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $213,512,446.$350,181,866. For purposes of this computation, all executive officers and directors of the Registrant and all parties to the Stockholders Agreement dated as of June 15, 1995 have been deemed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed to be an admission that such persons are, in fact, affiliates of the Registrant.


The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of March 7, 20185, 2024 was 37,170,54238,138,173 shares.
Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the Proxy Statement of Systemax Inc.Global Industrial Company relating to the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2024 are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.









TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I
Part I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
Part III
Part III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Part IV
Item 15.
Item 16.

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Table of Contents
PART I


Unless otherwise indicated, all references herein to Systemax Inc.Global Industrial Company (sometimes referred to as “Systemax,“Global Industrial,” the “Company,” or “we”) include its subsidiaries.


Forward LookingForward-Looking Statements


This report contains forward lookingforward-looking statements within the meaning of that term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Additional written or oral forward lookingforward-looking statements may be made by the Company from time to time in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or otherwise. Statements contained in this reportAny such statements that are not historical facts are forward lookingforward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are based on management’s estimates, assumptions and projections and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward lookingForward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to statements regarding: i) projections or estimates of revenue, income or loss, exit costs, cash flow needs and capital expenditures, statementsexpenditures; ii) fluctuations in general economic conditions, including effects of rising inflation and volatility of inflation metrics; iii) future operations, such as risks regarding future operations,strategic business initiatives, plans relating to new distribution facilities, plans for utilizing alternative sources of supply in response to government tariff and trade actions and/or due to supply chain disruptions arising from pandemics, war, geopolitical conflicts and plans for new products or services; iv) plans for acquisition or sale of businesses, including expansion or restructuring plans, including our exit from and winding down of our North American Technology Group (“NATG”) and European operations,plans; v) financing needs, and compliance with financial covenants in loan agreements, fluctuations in economic conditions and exchange rates, including factors impacting our international operations, plans for acquisition or sale of assets or businesses, plans relating to products or services of the Company,agreements; vi) assessments of materiality,materiality; vii) predictions of future events and the effects of pending and possible litigation, as well aslitigation; and viii) assumptions relating to the foregoing. In addition, when used in this report, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” and “plans” and variations thereof and similar expressions are intended to identify forward lookingforward-looking statements.


Forward lookingForward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified based on current expectations. Consequently, future events and results could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by,relating to or underlying the forward lookingforward-looking statements contained in this report. Statements in this report, particularly in “Item 1. Business,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Item 3. Legal Proceedings,” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describe certain factors, among others, that could contribute to or cause such differences.


Forward-looking statements in this report are based on the Company’s beliefs and expectations as of the date of this report and are subject to risks and uncertainties which may have a significant impact on the Company’s business, operating results or financial condition. Investors are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain and undue reliance should not be placed on them. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unexpected events.

Risk Factors Summary (see Item 1A. Risk Factors, below): Other factors that may affect our future results of operations and financial condition include, but are not limited to, unanticipated developments in any one or more of the following areas, as well as other factors which may be detailed from time to time in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings:filings, which we summarize below:


general economic conditions, such as customer inventory levels, consumer prices and inflation, interest rates, borrowing ability and economic conditions in the manufacturing and/or distribution industries generally, as well as government spending levels will continue to impact our business;
global political, economic and market conditions, including the impact of natural disasters, military actions, wars, international shipping disruptions, cyber-attacks, terrorism and global pandemics or other health crises;
delays in the timely availability of products from our suppliers has in the past and could in the future delay receipt of needed product, resulting in delayed or lost sales;
global supply chains and the timely availability of products, particularly products, or product components used in domestic manufacturing, imported from China and other Asian nations as well as from other countries, have been, and in the future could continue to be adversely affected by allocation restrictions of difficult to source products by our vendors;
the imposition of tariffs and other trade barriers, as well as retaliatory trade measures, have caused us to raise the prices on certain of our products and seek alternate sources of supply, which could negatively impact our sales or disrupt our operations if we are not able to mitigate these measures;
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our use of alternate sources of supply, such as utilizing new vendors in additional countries, entails various risks, such as identifying, vetting and managing new business relationships, reliance on new vendors and maintaining quality control over their products, and protecting our intellectual property rights;
increases in freight and shipping costs, including fuel costs, could affect our margins to the extent the increases cannot be passed along to customers, as has occurred in the past;
extreme weather conditions have delayed or disrupted global product supply chains and haveaffected our ability to timely receive and ship products, which have and could adversely impact sales;
other critical factors affecting the shipping and distribution of products imported to the United States by us or our domestic vendors, such as a global shortage in availability of shipping containers, shipping port congestion, and pandemic related labor shortages, have in the past and could in the future adversely affect the timely availability of products, resulting in delayed or lost sales, as well as adversely affecting our margins;
our reliance on common carrier delivery services for shipping merchandise to customers;
our reliance on drop ship deliveries directly to customers by our product vendors for products we do not hold in inventory;
our ability to maintain available capacity in our distribution operations for stocked inventory and to enable on time shipment and deliveries, such as by timely implementing additional temporary or permanent distribution resources, whether in the form of additional facilities we operate or by outsourcing certain functions to third-party distribution and logistics partners;
we compete with other companies for recruiting, training, integrating and retaining talented and experienced employees, particularly in markets where we and they have central distribution facilities; and this aspect of competition is aggravated by the current tight labor market in the U.S. for such jobs;
our ability to realize the expected benefits from acquisitions, including the recent Indoff acquisition, and other strategic transactions that we believe will either expand or complement our business in new or existing markets or further enhance the value and offerings we are able to provide to our existing or future potential customers;
the maintenance, repair and operations ("MRO") and industrial equipment industry are consolidating as customers are increasingly aware of the total costs of fulfillment and the need to have consistent sources of supply at multiple locations. This consolidation has and will continue to cause the industry to become more competitive as greater economies of scale are achieved by competitors, or as competitors with new lower cost business models are able to operate with lower prices;
risks involved with e-commerce, including possible loss of business and customer dissatisfaction if outages or other computer-related problems should preclude customer access to our products and servicesservices;
our information systems and other technology platforms supporting our sales, procurement and other operations are critical to our operations and disruptions or delays have occurred and could occur in the future, and if not timely addressed wouldcould have a material adverse effect on usus;
a data security breach due to our e-commerce, data storage or other information systems being hacked by those seeking to steal Company, information, vendor, employee or customer information, or due to employee error, resulting in disruption to our operations, litigation and/or loss of reputation or business;
general economic conditions will continueour ability to impactremediate material weaknesses in our businessinternal controls over financial reporting and the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future or other failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls;
technological change has had and can continue to have a material effect on our product mix and results of operations
sales tax laws or government enforcement priorities may be changed which could result in e-commerce and direct mail retailers having to collect sales taxes in states where the current laws and interpretations do not require us to do so
our international operations are subject to risks such as fluctuations in currency rates, foreign regulatory requirements and political uncertainty
managing various inventory risks, such as being unable to profitably resell excess or obsolete inventory and/or the loss of product return rights and price protection from our vendorsvendors;
meeting credit card industry compliance standards in order to maintain our ability to accept credit cardscards;
rising interest rates, increased borrowing costs or limited credit availability, could impact both our and our customers’ ability to fund purchases and conduct operations in the ordinary course;
quarantines, factory slowdowns or shutdowns, border closings and travel restrictions resulting from pandemics have in the past and could in the future adversely affect the timely availability of existing and new products, resulting in delayed or lost sales;
risks associated with delivery of merchandise to customers by utilizing common carrier delivery services
borrowing costs or availability, including our ability to maintain satisfactory credit agreements and to renew credit facilities
pending or threatened litigation and investigations, and other government actions, such as anti-dumping, unclaimed property, or trade and customs actions by U.S. or foreign governmental authorities, have occurred in the past and although had no material impact to our business, there can be no assurance that such events would not have such impact on our business and results of operation.
the availability

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the continuation of key vendor relationships and the availability of credit insurance to key vendors


Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward looking statements contained in this report, which speak only as of the date of this report.  We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unexpected events.



Item 1. Business.


General


Systemax Inc.,Global Industrial Company, through its operating subsidiaries, is primarily a direct marketervalue-added industrial distributor of brand namemore than a million industrial and private label products.maintenance, repair and operation products in North America going to market through a system of branded e-commerce websites and relationship marketers. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 1995. Certain predecessor businesses which now constitute part of the CompanyCompany's operations have been in business since 1949. Our headquarters office is located at 11 Harbor Park Drive, Port Washington, New York.


Recent developmentsOn May 19, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff LLC ("Indoff"), a business-to-business direct marketer of material handling products, commercial interiors and business products with operations in North America, for approximately $72.6 million in cash. This acquisition expands the Company's presence in the MRO market in North America.


Continuing operations

The Company currently operates and is internally managed in two reportable segments - Industrial Products Group ("IPG") and Europe Technology Products ("ETG"), the Company's France operations. Smaller business operations and corporate functions are aggregated and reported as the additional segment - Corporate and Other ("Corporate"). In 2016, the Company sold certain assetsoffers hundreds of its Misco Germany business, which had been reported as partthousands of its ETG segment, and its rebate processing business, which had been reported as part of its Corporate segment, and sold certain assets and liabilities of its NATG business in December 2015. The Company's continuing operations consist of its IPG and ETG segments.

As disclosed in our Form 8-K dated March 31, 2017, on March 24, 2017, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company executed a definitive securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain special purpose companies formed by Hilco Capital Limited (“Hilco” and together with its management team partners, “Purchaser”).  Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Purchaser acquired all of the Company’s interests in Systemax Europe SARL, which includes its subsidiaries, Systemax Business Services K.F.T., Misco UK Limited, Systemax Italy S.R.L., Misco Iberia Computer Supplies S.L., Misco AB, Global Directmail B.V. and Misco Solutions B.V. (collectively, the “SARL Businesses”). The SARL Businesses were reported within the Company's European Technology Products Group ("ETG") segment. The transaction closed immediately upon execution of the Purchase Agreement.

The Company retained its France technology value added reseller business, which is conducted through its subsidiary, Inmac Wstore S.A.S., which was not part of the sale transaction.

The SARL Businesses were sold on a cash-free, debt-free basis; proceeds were nominal.   As part of the transaction, the Company retained a 5% residual equity position in the Purchaser’s acquiring entity, HUK 77 Limited, which is being accounted for on the cost method, to which no value was ascribed, a $3.3 million note receivable ($2.2 million balance at December 31, 2017 which was paid in full in January 2018) and provided limited transition services to Purchaser through December 19, 2017 under a transition services agreement. The note receivable is included in accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017. In October 2017, Misco UK Ltd. ("Misco UK"), one of the companies included in the sold SARL Businesses, was entered into administration insolvency proceedings in the UK. The Company's rights under the Purchase Agreement and the note receivable relate to the Purchaser and other affiliated entities which are not subject to such proceedings. The Company does not anticipate any material adverse effect on the Company due to the insolvency of Misco UK.

The sale of the SARL business met the “strategic shift with major impact” criteria as defined under Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which requires disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. Under ASU 2014-08 in order for a disposal to qualify for discontinued operations presentation in the financial statements, the disposal must be a "strategic shift" with a major impact for the reporting entity. If an entity meets this threshold, and other requirements, only the components that were in operation at the time of disposal are presented as discontinued operations. Therefore, the current year and prior year results of the SARL Businesses are included in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Current Operations

Industrial Products

IPG sells a wide array of maintenance, repair and operational (“MRO”) products, as well as other industrial and general business supplies,MRO products, including its own Global Industrial Exclusive BrandsTM, which are marketed in North America. Many of theseThese industrial and MRO products are manufactured by other companies. Some products are manufactured for us and sold as a white label product, and some are manufactured to our own design and marketed as private brand products under the trademarks: Global™, GlobalIndustrial.com™, Nexel™ Relius™, Relius Solutions™Paramount™,Paramount™ Interion™ and Interion™Absocold™.   Industrial products accounted for 63%, 61% and 56% of our net sales from continuing operations in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.



Europe Technology Products Group

ETG sells information and communications technology ("ICT") products. These products are marketed primarily in France and to a much lesser extent Belgium. Substantially all of these products are manufactured by other companies. ETG accounted for approximately 37%, 37% and 32% (excluding sales of the sold Germany operations for 2016 and 2015) of our net sales from continuing operations in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Technology Products – NATG

NATG sold ICT and CE products.  These products were marketed in North America.  Substantially all of these products were manufactured by other companies; however, the Company did offer a selection of products that were manufactured for our own design and marketed on a private label basis.  NATG accounted for 0% of our net sales from continuing operations in 2017 and 2016 and 8% in 2015.


See Note 2 and Note 105 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K for additional financial information about our business as well as information about our geographic operations.

Discontinued Operations

As discussed above,Accelerating the SARL Businesses were sold in March 2017 andCustomer Experience

The Company's multi-year business strategy is focused on Accelerating the NATG B2B and EcommerceCustomer Experience (“ACE”).The ACE initiative, which guides our actions across the business, and the three remaining retail storesspecifically in operationour customer end-to-end purchase, service, and delivery experience, has at the timeits core building of the sale in 2015customer loyalty and trust by addressing unique customer needs through a responsive and tailored sales, product, and service experience. We build customer loyalty and trust through personalized and high touch customer interactions that often feature strong one to one relationships. The Company's digital and multi-channel sales model drives customer acquisition and with rigorous vetting we are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying financial statements. Total net salesable to identify opportunities for the discontinued operations were $117.0 million, $521.6 millionproduct category expansion, particularly private brand products. Category expansion with our customers drives repeat orders and $1.7 billion in 2017, 2016increases their annual and 2015, respectively.average spend. We maximize customer satisfaction and loyalty by coupling close customer relationships with product expertise, efficient and competitive fulfillment and delivery and exceptional customer service.


Operating History and Restructuring of NATG Operations

WE CAN SUPPLY THAT®
In March 2015, the Company announced a restructuring of its NATG business. The NATG segment sold products categorized as Information and Communications Technology (“ICT”) and Consumer Electronics (“CE”) products.  These products included computers, computer supplies and consumer electronics which were marketed in North America. The Company followed the guidance under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. The sale of the NATG business in December 2015 had a major impact on the Company and therefore met the strategic shift criteria. The NATG components in operation at the time of the sale were the B2B and Ecommerce businesses and three remaining retail stores. Accordingly, these components and the results of operations have been adjusted in the accompanying financial statements to reflect their presentation in discontinued operations.



Products


Our broad product offering and focus on responsiveness to our customers is captured in our promise “We Can Supply That®”. We offer overour customers a millioncompetitive assortment of leading products and services, a sales force with deep product knowledge and expertise, and timely and relative industry and product content via The Knowledge Center. Our go to market strategy also focuses on leveraging our deep product knowledge and experience by seeking to expand our higher margin private brand line of Global products by adding additional products and product categories. We offer hundreds of thousands of brand name and private label products.brand products available through our e-commerce sites and have access to many more additional long tail products from our network of vendor partners. We endeavor to expand and keep current the breadth of our product offerings in order to fulfill the increasingly wide range of product needs of our customers.customers, and periodically remove certain products from our offering to improve efficiencies or to address vendor or market changes. Sourcing hard to find or non-standard product helps to differentiate our business from our competitors and we believe provides us with a competitive advantage.


MROThe Company has focused on offering competitive pricing, high service levels, broad and other industrial related products offered by our IPG segment includedeep product offering, extensive product and sales expertise, and most importantly a private brand offering that provides high quality with an attractive price point. Products generally are categorized within the following categories: storage and shelving, safety and security, carts and trucks, HVAC and fans, furniture and decor, material handling, janitorial and facility maintenance, furniture and office, HVAC/R and fans, workbenchworkbenches and shop
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desks, safety and security, outdoor and grounds maintenance, tools and instruments, plumbing and pumps, office and school supplies, plumbing and pumps, packaging and supplies,shipping, lighting and electrical, foodservice and lighting, food serviceretail, medical and appliances, raw materials and building supplies,laboratory, motors and power transmission, pneumaticsbuilding supplies, machining, fasteners and hydraulics, medical and laboratory equipment, metalworking and cutting tools,hardware, vehicle maintenance, and fastenersraw materials. We have become a destination and hardware.trusted supplier of these products and continue to evaluate expansion within key end markets.


ICT products offered by our ETG segment include: servers-storage and backup, desktop computers, laptops, tablets, monitors, mobile devices; computer parts and memory; computer components and accessories; networking and security; software; electronics and commercial and home networking.  CE products include TV and video; audio; cameras and surveillance; GPS; cell phones; video games; home and electronics accessories.

Sales and Marketing


We market our products primarily to B2Bbusiness customers, which include for-profit businesses, state, local, and private educational organizations and government entities.entities including federal, state, and local municipalities. We have developed numerous proprietary customer and prospect databases. We havean established a multi-faceted direct marketing system and customer life cycle marketing program which tends to business customers, consisting primarilybegin with customer acquisition via keyword or branding search, supported by strategic account managers, leading e-commerce and account management tools, and deep pre and post sales product expertise which are intended to drive customer retention and penetration and to maximize sales. We continuously evaluate and adjust our marketing spend as well as the organization of our relationship marketers, catalog mailings and proprietary internet websites, the combination of which is intendedselling resources in order to maximize sales.best service our existing customers, as well as to optimize customer acquisition.




Relationship Marketers


Our relationship marketers focus their efforts on our business customers by establishing a personal relationship between such customers and a SystemaxGlobal Industrial account manager. Our sales force is made up of wide range of broad based and specialized account managers including dedicated Public Sector Account Managers focusing on government, education, and other municipal customers, Commercial Account Managers focusing on business customers generally organized by end market or geography and Strategic Account Managers focusing on our most complex enterprise accounts. The sales force is supported by Business Development Representatives, Territory Sales Managers, and other Subject Matter Experts who support the end to end customer life cycle management. The goal of the relationship marketing sales force is to increase the purchasing productivity of current customers and to actively solicit newly targeted prospects to become customers. With access to the records we maintain, our relationship marketers are prompted with product suggestions to expand customer order values. In certain countries, weWe also have the ability to provide such customers with electronic data interchange (“EDI”) ordering and customized billing services, customer savings reports and stocking of specialty items specifically requested by these customers. Our relationship marketers’ efforts are supported by e-mail campaigns and periodic catalog mailings, both of which are designed to generate inbound telephone sales, and visits to our interactive websites, which allow customers to purchase products directly over the Internet.online. We believe that the integration of our multiple marketing methods enables us to more thoroughly penetrate our business, educational and government customer base. We believe increased internet exposure leads to more internet-related sales and also generates more inbound telephone sales; just as we believe email campaigns, and to a lesser extent catalog mailings, which feature our websites results in greater internet-related sales.


E-commerce


We currently operate multiple e-commerce sites, including:
 
www.absocold.com
www.globalindustrial.com
North AmericaEuropewww.globalindustrial.ca
www.indoff.com
www.globalindustrial.comwww.inmac-wstore.com
www.globalindustrial.cawww.misco.fr
www.nexelwire.com


www.chdistgov.com
www.industrialsupplies.com
 
We are continually upgrading the capabilities and performance of these websites in our significant markets. In 2022, we launched a completely new globalindustrial.com e-commerce site in the United States designed to drive personalization to further improve the digital shopping experience. In 2023, our primary focus was to optimize the shopability of the site via enhancements to search, including bringing to market a new List View approach, which allows users to easily find and compare products. In addition, we launched new capabilities allowing users to create repeat subscription purchases, as well as optimized options to identify related products that would enhance their product purchases.

Our internet sites feature over a millionhundreds of thousands of MRO and ICT products.industrial and general business supplies. Our customers have around-the-clock, online access to purchase products and we have the ability to create targeted promotions for our customers’ interests.


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In addition to our own e-commerce websites, we have partnering agreements with several of the largest internet shopping and search engine providers who feature our products on their websites or provide “click-throughs” from their sites directly to ours. These arrangements allow us to expand our customer base at an economical cost.


Signature Campaigns

We have realigned our marketing efforts, seasonal product offering, and go to market strategy around enterprise wide strategic marketing campaigns. In 2021, our We Got This campaign aimed to help our customers navigate the supply chain disruptions that made sourcing key products more challenging. In 2022, we initiated our “We Can Supply That®” branding campaign across our websites, emails, trade show, copy writing and our NASCAR sponsorship and we repositioned our private brand offering as Global Industrial Exclusive BrandsTM with the tag line “Made to Exceed". Our focus on Signature Campaigns continued in 2023 as we aimed to highlight how our products and solutions help our customers streamline their operations through organization, facility design, and solutions that are not only cost effective, but save time and effort. This campaign primarily operated under the banner of Operational Efficiency and included key landing pages focused on industry specific tailored content and product.

Catalogs


As IPG and France havethe Company increased theirits focus on online and e-commerce advertising, marketing and sales activities they have decreased theirover the years, the use of hard copy catalogs decreased as compared to earlier periods, but over the last several years, and currently distribute fewerwe have distributed a stable number of regular and specialty catalogs, thanpostcards, and other physical mail and anticipate continuing to do so. Further, as we have identified more efficient means of distribution of these physical mediums, we plan on increasing the frequency and mix of catalogs, postcards, and other types of mailers in prior periods.2024.



Customer Service, Order Fulfillment and Support


We generally receivehave launched several initiatives, in the past, with our vendors and freight partners, and in our own distribution centers, to improve our customer’s experience such as our Voice of the Customer initiative. This initiative, involving phone and online surveys to obtain our customer’s input on their experiences with us and our products to ensure we deliver on the promise, to better focus our sales, service and marketing efforts on our customers' needs and to target areas of improvement to enhance the overall customer experience, led us to add additional improvements to the experience including offering 24 hour, seven days a week chat supported by both AI chatbots and live chats with our associates. As part of a culture of continuous improvement, our Customer Experience team is focusing on the idea of "Make It Right" to ensure that when our customers experience a problem, we are able to solve if effectively and to their satisfaction the first time. Upgraded training and technology solutions will play a large part in continuing to improve our customer satisfaction scores.

A growing proportion of our orders are received electronically via internet, extranet, EDI, customer punch out catalog, online chat, or through broadly utilizing vendor and customer portals such as Ariba or Coupa. These e-orders represented over 62% of our transaction count for the Internet,year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 57% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The balance of our orders are received by telephone by EDI,to our inbound call center, direct dial to our inside account management team, placement through online chat,one of our field sales representatives, and to a small extent via fax. We generally provide toll-free telephone number access for our customers in countries where it is customary.  Certain domestic call centersnationwide which are linked to provide telephoneautomatically as a backup in the event of a disruption in phone service.


CertainThe Company utilizes a sourcing strategy encompassing sales of our products are carried in stock items that are either national brand, private brand, and orders for such productsto a limited extent via brand licensing agreements, as well as supplementing its stocking strategy with product fulfilled directly by our vendor partners via a drop ship relationship. In stock items tend to be higher in velocity, higher in gross margin, and offer a higher service level to our customers. In stock items are fulfilled ondistributed via a timely basis directly from our North American and Francenetwork of five primary distribution centers typically withinin the U.S. located in the Northeast, Midwest, West, Southeast and South Central regions, one daylarge distribution facility in Canada that was opened in the fourth quarter of 2022, replacing a smaller footprint nearby, and several smaller distribution facilities in the order.United States and Canada. Product deliveries to our customers are made through a nationwide network of common carriers that we contract with directly in order to establish and maintain high service levels and enhance operational efficiencies. We tend to stock items in our distribution center, and invest the requisite working capital in inventory position, after demonstrating sales volume success in the drop ship sales of that item effected through our suppliers. Orders are generally shipped by third-party delivery services.  Weservices and we maintain relationships with thousands of distributors and product vendors in North America and Europe that also deliver products directly to our customers.vendors.


We maintain a database of commonly asked questions for our technical support representatives, enabling them to respond quickly to similar questions. We conduct regular on-site training seminars for our sales representatives to help ensure that they are well trained and informed regarding our latest product offerings.


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Suppliers




We purchase substantially all of our products and components directly from both large and small manufacturers as well as large wholesale distributors. Two vendorsNo supplier accounted for 10% or more of our product purchases in continuing operations in 2017: one vendor accounted for 16.0%2023, 2022 and another vendor accounted for 12.0%.  In 2016, two vendors accounted for 10% or more of our purchases: each vendor accounted for 13.6% of our purchases and in 2015, one vendor accounted for 11.2% and another vendor accounted for 11.1% of our purchases. The loss of these vendors, or any other key vendors, could have a material adverse effect on us.2021. Most private labelbrand products are manufactured by third parties to our specifications.


Competition and Other Market Factors


Industrial Products


The market for the sale of industrial products in North America is highly fragmented and is characterized by multiple distribution channels such as small dealerships, direct mail distribution, internet-based resellers, large warehouse stores and retail outlets. We face competition from large diversified MRO distributors such as Uline Inc, Grainger Inc., MSC Industrial Direct Inc., Fastenal Inc., and other large retailers, including Amazon. We also face competition from manufacturers’ own sales representatives, who sell industrial equipment directly to customers, and from regional or local distributors. Many purchasers begin sourcing products via search engine or mobile application on desktops, laptops, or mobile devices. In the industrial products market, customer purchasing decisions are primarily based on price, product selection, product availability, level of service, access to open account terms, and convenience. We believe that direct marketing via sales representatives, the internet and catalogs are effective and convenient distribution methods to reach both our core small and mid-sized facilitiescustomer as well as large enterprises. Further we believe that our customer engagement approach allows for high levels of service to accounts that may purchase high volume capital or durable goods infrequently or that place many small orders for supplies and other consumables that require a wide selection of products. In addition, because the industrial products market is highly fragmented and generally less brand oriented, we believe it is well suited to private brand and white label products.


Technology Products

Human Capital Resources
The market for selling technology product is highly competitive, with many U.S., European and Asian companies vying for market share. We face competition from large value added resellers such as Econocom, Computacenter, Insight and other large retailers. There are few barriers to entry, with these products being sold through multiple channels of distribution, including direct marketers, computer resellers, mass merchants, over the internet, local and national retail computer stores, and by computer and office supply superstores.

Timely introduction of new products or product features and services are critical elements to remaining competitive. Other competitive factors include product performance, quality and reliability, technical support and customer service, marketing and distribution and price. Some of our competitors have stronger brand-recognition, broader product lines and greater financial, marketing, manufacturing and technological resources than us.

Conditions in the ETG market for technology products remain highly competitive and subject to large bid and tender awards, resulting in our frequent discounting of product sales price as well as offering free or highly discounted freight.  These actions have and may continue to adversely affect our revenues and profits.  Additionally, we rely in part upon the introduction of new technologies and products by other manufacturers in order to sustain long-term sales growth and profitability.  There is no assurance that the rapid rate of such technological advances and product development will continue.

Employees


As of December 31, 2017,2023, we employed a total of approximately 1,900 employees,1,870 associates, of whom 1,4001,620 were in North America and 500250 were in EuropeAsia. Approximately 46% of our associates are customer facing including customer service, quota bearing sales representatives, inbound call center representatives, and Asia.other pre and post sales management and support. Approximately 29% of our team members are employed within distribution, logistics, and fulfillment areas, while 25% of our associate base works within administrative functions including: IT, Merchandising, Accounting and Finance, Marketing, Human Resources, Product Management, Legal and Risk Management and general administrative and management roles.


Seasonality

Seasonality does have some effect onOur worldwide workforce is made up of a diverse group of associates. In our most recent U.S. EEO-1 data, the associate demographic breakdown for individuals reporting was 44% female and 56% male and minorities constituted 46% of our workforce. We believe our diversity of associates is one of the Company’s continuing IPGconsiderable strengths and ETG businesses. Within IPG, certain product linesthat our demographics are highly seasonalconsistent with our competitors in nature, including HVAC and outdoor furniture. As these are two material lines of business within IPG,the sales and margin indistribution space. Our employees are not subject to collective bargaining agreements. The Company has not experienced work stoppages and we believe relationships with our employees are good.


Environment, Health and Safety: Government Regulation

Employee health and safety is a toppriority for the secondCompany. Our safety teams and third quarters tendlocal safety committees provide oversight, training, education and compliance guidance, as well as workers compensation remediation advice, to be higher than those inour management teams and directly to our workforce. Our Environmental Health and Safety group is responsible for overseeing product safety and compliance programs and initiatives including compliance with various EPA, FDA and hazmat regulations that apply to certain of the first and fourth quarters. Within ETG, customers, vendors, and employees tend to take extended holidays in late summer. As such, buying behaviors and accompanying margin rates tend to be lower in the third quarter.products we offer.


Environmental Matters




Under various national, state and local environmental laws and regulations in North America Europe and Asia, a current or previous owner or operator (including the lessee) of real property may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substances at such real property. Such laws and regulations often impose liability without regard to fault. We lease mostall of our facilities. In connection with such leases, we could be held liable for the costs of removal or remedial actions with respect to hazardous substances.substances that escape into the environment. Although we have not been notified of, and are not otherwise aware of, any material real property environmental liability, claimclaims or non-compliance, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur remediation or other costs in connection with real property environmental matters in the future.



Financial Information About Foreign
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Seasonality

Seasonality does have some effect on the Company’s sales. Certain product lines are highly seasonal in nature, including HVAC products, snow removal products and Domestic Operationsoutdoor furniture and equipment. In addition, certain customer segment buying cycles, including those of education and government, may tend to be more seasonal than others. Given these trends, financial results tend to vary quarter to quarter with sales and operating margin in the second and third quarters moderately higher than those in the first and fourth quarters respectively.

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We currently sell substantially all

Table of our products through established sales channels to our customers in North America (primarily the United States and Canada) and France.   Approximately 40.0%, 40.8%, and 45.6% of our net sales from continuingContents
Discontinued operations during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively were made by subsidiaries located outside of the United States. 

For information pertaining to our internationalregarding certain discontinued operations and former lines of business, see Item 7, "Management's Discussions and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 10, “Segment and Related Information,”8 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. The following sets forth selected information with respect to our continuing operations net sales and operating income, in those two geographic markets (in millions):
 
North
America
 Europe and Asia Total
2017     
Net sales$791.8
 $473.6
 $1,265.4
Operating income$46.8
 $24.5
 $71.3
Identifiable assets$362.4
 $189.0
 $551.4
      
2016 
  
  
Net sales$719.2
 $451.1
 $1,170.3
Operating income$13.4
 $14.3
 $27.7
Identifiable assets$290.5
 $275.6
 $566.1
      
2015 
  
  
Net sales$801.8
 $441.7
 $1,243.5
Operating income (loss)$(16.5) $13.0
 $(3.5)
Identifiable assets$470.3
 $239.8
 $710.1
See Item 7, “Management’s Discussions and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, for further information with respect to our operations.


Available Information


We maintain an internet website at www.systemax.com.https://investors.globalindustrial.com. We file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and make available free of charge on or through this website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, including all amendments to those reports. These are available as soon as is reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. All reports mentioned above are also available fromon the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov)(www.sec.gov). TheUnless otherwise specified, the information on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.


Our Board of Directors has adopted the following corporate governance documents with respect to the Company (the “Corporate Governance Documents”):, among others:


Corporate Ethics Policy for officers, directors and employees
Charter for the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
Charter for the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors
Charter for the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors
Corporate Governance Guidelines and Principles

Conflict Mineral Disclosure



In accordance with the listing standardscorporate governance rules of the New York Stock Exchange, each of the Corporate Governance Documents is available on our Company website, (www.systemax.com).https://investors.globalindustrial.com.



Item 1A. Risk Factors.


There are a number of factors and variables described below that may affect our future results of operations and financial condition. Other factors, of which we are currently not aware or that we currently deem immaterial, may also affect our results of operations and financial position.


Risks Related to the Economy and Our Industries


General economic conditions, such asincluding those that can result in decreased consumercustomer confidence and spending, could result in our failure to achieve our historical sales growth rates and profit levels. Pandemics have disrupted and may in the future disrupt global supply chains, including those we rely on in China, which could materially adversely affect our operations.


Both we and our customers are subject to global political, economic and market conditions, including trade and tariff uncertainties, customer inventory levels in the marketplace, borrowing ability, economic conditions in the manufacturing and/or distribution industries, increases in inflation, interest rates, freight costs and energy costs, as well as the impact of natural disasters, military action andactions, wars, cyber-attacks, the threat of terrorism.terrorism and global pandemics or other health crises. Our consolidated results of operations are directly affected by economic conditions in North America, and Europe.our supply chain for imported product is affected by conditions in Asia (particularly China).

In this regard, global supply chains and the timely availability of products, particularly products, or product components used in domestic manufacturing, imported from China and other Asian nations have been and could again be materially disrupted by quarantines, factory slowdowns or shutdowns, border closings, and travel restrictions resulting from pandemics. These events have and may continue to result in imported products not being timely received and resultant delayed or lost sales. We maydepend to a significant extent on products imported from China for our private brand lines, and on domestic manufacturers who utilize components imported from Asia. While, in the past, we have experienced lost sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue making efforts to secure satisfactory levels of inventory; however, there can be no assurance that our supply chain will not experience further disruptions significant enough to adversely affect our operations.
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We have in the past experienced a decline in sales as a result of poor economic conditions and the lack of visibility relating to future orders (as well as due to senior management turnover, loss of key employees, disruption due to internal technology platform transitions or inefficient or delayed implementation of strategic initiatives)the other risks discussed below). Our results of operations depend upon, among other things, our ability to maintain and increase sales volumes with existing customers, our ability to limit price reductions and manage price increases, our ability to manage freight and shipping costs and maintain our margins, our ability to attract new customers and increase our market share, and the financial condition of our customers. A decline in the economy that adversely affects our customers, causing them to limit or defer their spending or that hampers their ability to pay for products would likely adversely affect our sales, prices and profitability as well. We cannot predict with any certainty whether we will be able to maintain or improve upon historical sales volumes with existing customers, maintain or grow our historical margins, and whether we will be able to attract new customers.


In response to economic and market conditions, from time to time we have undertaken initiatives to reduce our cost structure where appropriate. These initiatives, as well as any futureappropriate, including workforce and facilities reductions,reductions. However, these actions may not be sufficient to meet current and future changes in economic and market conditions and allow us to continue to achieve the growth rates and re-attain the levels of profitability we experienced priorin the past.

Geopolitical instability outside of the U.S. may adversely impact the U.S. and global economies.

Many economies have experienced, and continue to experience, geopolitical instability, financial turmoil, high unemployment, inflation and interest rates, and a significant depreciation of their local currencies. Policies of advanced economies have a profound effect on emerging markets, and ramifications of any trade war involving an advanced economy, like of that between the U.S. and China, could further contribute to the recent market downturns.  In addition, costs actually incurred in connection with our restructuring actions may be higher than our estimatesadverse economic and political conditions of such costs and/or may not lead to the anticipated cost savings.emerging and developed economies.


The markets for our products and services are extremely competitive and if we are unable to successfully respond to our competitors’ strategies our sales and gross margins will be adversely affected.


We may not be able to compete effectively with current or future competitors.  The markets for our products and services are intensely competitive and subject to constant technological change.  Competitive factors include price, availability, service and support andsource a market with relatively low barriers to entry. Many competitors procure and ship the products we sell and many competitors are selling these products as a commodity at the lowest prices they can and often involving reduced or free freight; further they do not provide any post sale services or support. At the same time, many of our competitors couple the sale of products with various value added services and business solutions in an effort to enhance sales and margins and mitigate the pressure of being only a commodities distributor. Accordingly, we must compete with both low priced/no service offered competitors, as well as higher priced/value added services competitors, and must do so on a selective, customer and product focused basis. We believe the services and support we offer for certainsubstantial portion of our products from manufacturers that are critical value added services and a competitive differentiator for the Companylocated in the markets and for the products where we choose to offer such service. We believe the services and support we offer enableChina. This concentration exposes us to build relationshipsrisks associated with doing business globally, including changes in tariffs. The Office of the United States Trade Representative previously identified certain Chinese imported goods for additional tariffs to address China’s trade policies and practices. These tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our customersbusiness and results of operations. Additionally, the current administration has canceled tariff exclusions that resultprovided tariff relief to certain products and has yet to signal whether it will reinstate such exclusions or further alter existing trade agreements and terms between China and the U.S., including limiting trade with China, adjusting the current tariffs on imports from China and potentially imposing other restrictions on exports from China to the U.S. Consequently, it is possible that tariffs may be imposed on products imported from foreign countries, including China, or that our business will be affected by retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in repeat purchases, customer loyalty and market penetration. In someresponse to existing or future tariffs. This may cause us to raise prices or make changes to our operations, any of our markets, our services and solutions offerings are in an early form and we will need to continue to invest in and enhance our offerings. If at any time our ability to service and support our customers is curtailed or we do not invest effectively in developing these services, there is a risk that we may suffer a loss of reputation, and customers, which could have a material adverse impacteffect on our salesbusiness and profits.results of operations.


Our e-commerce business faces pressure from competing with large, expanding e-commerce retailers.   Many of our competitors are larger companies with greater financial, marketing, services and product development resources than ours.  The market for the sale of industrial products in North America is highly fragmented and is characterized by multiple distribution channels such as small dealerships, direct mail distribution, internet-based resellers, large warehouse stores


and retail outlets.  We face competition from large diversified MRO distributors such as Grainger Inc., MSC Industrial Direct Inc., Fastenal Inc., and other large retailers, including e-commerce retailers such as Amazon. We also face competition from manufacturers’ own sales representatives, who sell industrial equipment directly to customers, and from regional or local distributors. In addition, new competitorsongoing geopolitical conflicts around the world, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the outbreak of armed hostilities in the Middle East and disruptions in international shipping resulting from recent attacks by armed groups on cargo ships in the Red Sea, and the responses of the international community, may enteradversely affect international business and economic conditions. Due to the ongoing conflict in and around the Red Sea, we have experienced significant increases to our markets.  Thisshipping costs, and we may place us at a disadvantage in respondingcontinue to competitors’ pricing strategies, technological advances and other initiatives, resulting in our inability to increase our revenues or maintain our gross marginsexperience elevated shipping costs in the future.

In most cases our products compete directly with those offered by other manufacturers The short and distributors.  If anylong-term implications of our competitors wereglobal security issues are difficult to develop products or services that are more cost-effective or technically superior, demand for our product offerings could decrease.

Our gross margins are also dependent on the mixpredict at this time. The imposition of products we sell, decisions to drop ship rather than stock products in our distribution centers, decisions to offer private label alternatives to branded offerings, price changes by manufacturers,sanctions and pricing actions by competitors, and we could be adversely affected by a continuation of our customers’ shift to lower-priced products.

Sales tax lawscounter sanctions may be interpreted in a manner that could result in ecommerce and direct mail retailers to being held to have been required to collect sales taxes in states where we believe the then current laws did not require us to do so.  This could result in us having substantial tax liabilities for past sales.

Our United States subsidiaries historically collected and remitted sales tax in states in which the subsidiaries have physical presence or in which we believed sufficient nexus existed which obligated us to collect sales tax. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company registered its subsidiaries in the U.S. that generate taxable sales for sales tax collection in all states, except Alaska. States may, from time to time in the future, claim that we had state-related activities constituting physical nexus to have required such collection, or that our sale of goods to customers in their state, or directly to the state and its political subdivisions, created nexus for sales tax purposes.  Such efforts by states have increased recently, as states seek to raise revenues without increasing the income tax burden on residents. We relied on United States Supreme Court decisions which hold that, without Congressional authority, a state may not enforce a sales tax collection obligation on a company that has no physical presence in the state and whose only contacts with the state are through the use of interstate commerce such as the mailing of catalogs into the state and the delivery of goods by mail or common carrier.  We cannot predict whether the nature or level of contacts we had with a particular state in the past will be deemed enough to have required us to collect sales tax in that state.  A successful assertion by one or more states that we should have collected sales tax on the sale of merchandise in such state could result in substantial tax liabilities related to past sales.
See Legal Proceedings.

Events such as acts of war or terrorism, natural disasters, data security breaches, changes in law, or large losses could adversely affect our insurance coverage and insurance expense, resulting in an adverse effect on our profitabilityenergy and financial condition.

We insure for certain propertyeconomic markets generally and casualty risks consisting primarilycould result in an even greater impact related to global supply chain and energy prices. In addition, a prolonged war in Ukraine and the Middle East, and continued shipping disruptions in the Red Sea may have adverse impacts on cyber security, global supply chains, inflationary pressures and interest rates and engender volatility in commodities and other markets, any of physical loss to property, business interruptions resulting from property losses, worker’s compensation, comprehensive general liability, and auto liability.  Insurance coverage is obtained for catastrophic property and casualty exposures as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract.  Although we believe that our insurance coverage is reasonable, significant events such as acts of war and terrorism, economic conditions, data security breaches, judicial decisions, legislation, natural disasters and large losseswhich could materiallynegatively affect our insurance obligationsbusiness. The disruption to regional and future expense.global economies could have an enduring impact on regional and global economies, and consequently, a materially adverse impact on our operations and profitability.However, due to the highly uncertain and dynamic nature of these events, it is not currently possible to estimate with any reliable measure of certainty the impact on our business.


Adverse weather events or natural disasters, as well as pandemics such as the coronavirus, could negatively affect or disrupt our operations.We may be affected by global climate changes or by legal, regulatory or market responses to such potential change.


Certain areas in which we operate are susceptible to severe weather events, such as hurricanes, winter storms, tornadoes and floods. floods, whether from climate change or otherwise, which can impact any of our locations as well as shipping ports and distribution centers. These events, as well as pandemics, have in the past and may in the future disrupt our locations and the supply chains dependent on such shipping ports and distribution centers. In this regard, we experienced product delivery
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and shipping delays due to the disrupted global product supply chains which affected our ability to timely receive and ship products, which could adversely impact sales.

Our ability to provide efficient distribution of core business products from our or third partythird-party drop ship distribution centers is critical to our business strategy. Disruptions at distribution centers or shipping ports, or the unavailability of employees needed by us or third parties to operate key functions at such locations, has and in the future may affect our ability to both maintain core products in inventory and deliver products to our customers on a timely basis, which may in turn adversely affect our results of operations. We cannot predict whether or to what extent damage caused by these events will affect our operations or the economies in regions where we operate. These adverse events could result in disruption of our operations, our purchasing or distribution capabilities, interruption of our business that exceeds our insurance coverage, our inability to collect from customers and increased operating costs. Our business or results of operations may be adversely affected by these and other negative effects of these events.


The imposition of tariffs and other trade barriers, as well as retaliatory trade measures, have caused us to raise the prices on certain of our products and seek alternate sources of supply, which could negatively impact our sales or disrupt our operations.


Our industry is subject to risks associated with U.S. and foreign laws relating to importing products, including quotas, duties, tariffs or taxes, as well as other charges or restrictions, which could adversely affect our ability to import products at desired cost or volume levels.

The United States has enacted three sets of tariffs on a variety of foreign sourced goods which have impacted a number of the private brand products we source directly from China as well as third-party branded products our U.S. suppliers source from China. We strategically increased prices in an effort to offset the incremental costs on certain products and shift certain products to alternative sources where available. Our use of alternate sources of supply, such as utilizing new vendors in additional countries, entails various risks, such as identifying, vetting and managing new business relationships, reliance on new vendors, maintaining quality control over their products, and protecting our intellectual property rights.

These tariffs have increased and will continue to increase our costs of procurement. If the Company is able to adequately review its supply chain and monitor sell prices in the market, and successfully work with suppliers to mitigate costs, the Company does not expect any material impact on its business from the tariff actions and continues to believe that any impact from the tariffs currently in effect will be gradual and not material to the business, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case.

There can also be no assurance that we will be able to effectively or expeditiously mitigate these trade challenges, which could disrupt our operations, negatively impact our sales and would have a material adverse effect on our financial results. However, we do not believe that we will be disproportionately impacted by these costs as compared to our competitors, and we will continue to evaluate marketplace conditions and implement other actions or strategies as the need arises.

Finally, we cannot predict whether additional U.S. and foreign customs quotas, duties (including anti-dumping or countervailing duties), tariffs, taxes or other charges or restrictions, requirements as to where raw materials must be purchased, additional workplace regulations or other restrictions on our imports will be imposed in the future and if so, what effect such actions would have on our costs of operations.

There is a highly competitive labor market for certain employees we hire, which can impact our growth plans.

Many of our competitors also compete with us for recruiting and retaining talented and experienced employees, particularly in markets where we and they have significant distribution facilities. This aspect of competition is aggravated by the current tight labor market in the U.S. for such jobs. There can be no assurance the Company will be able to timely recruit, train and retain employees sufficient to support its growth strategies or will not have to incur increased compensation costs in order to do so. Our results of operations have been and in the future could be adversely affected by increased costs due to increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover or increased employee benefit costs. In the event of significant numbers of employees having to miss work due to a widespread health situation or pandemic such as the coronavirus, we may not be able to quickly source replacement or temporary workers, which could adversely affect our operations, particularly in our distribution centers.

Our industry is evolving and consolidating, which could adversely affect our business and financial results.

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The MRO and industrial equipment industry are consolidating as customers are increasingly aware of the total costs of fulfillment and of the need to have consistent sources of supply at multiple locations. This consolidation has and will continue to cause the industry to become more competitive as greater economies of scale are achieved by competitors, or as competitors with new lower cost business models are able to operate with lower prices.

Volatility in commodity prices may adversely affect gross margins.

Some of our products contain significant amounts of commodity-priced materials, such as steel, copper, petroleum derivatives or rare earth minerals, and are subject to price changes based upon fluctuations in the commodities market. Fluctuations in the price of fuel could affect transportation costs. Our ability to pass on such increases in costs in a timely manner depends on market conditions. The inability to pass along cost increases could result in lower gross margins. In addition, higher prices could impact demand for these products, resulting in lower sales volumes. If commodity prices, including the price of oil, were to remain at elevated levels this could result in higher supply and transportation costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Events such as acts of war or terrorism, natural disasters, data security breaches, changes in law, or large losses could adversely affect our insurance coverage and insurance expense, resulting in an adverse effect on our profitability and financial condition.

We insure for certain property and casualty risks consisting primarily of physical loss to property, business interruptions resulting from property losses, worker’s compensation, comprehensive general liability, and auto liability. Insurance coverage is obtained for catastrophic property and casualty exposures as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. Although we believe that our insurance coverage is reasonable, significant events such as acts of war and terrorism, economic conditions, data security breaches, judicial decisions, legislation, natural disasters and large losses could materially affect our insurance obligations and future expense. Furthermore, the occurrence of an uninsured significant event could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Environmental Matters


Under various national, state and local environmental laws and regulations in North America, Europe and Asia, a current or previous owner or operator (including the lessee) of real property may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substance at such real property. Such laws and regulation often impose liability without regard to fault. We lease mostall of our facilities. In connection with such leases, we could be held liable for the costs of removal or remedial actions with respect to hazardous substances. Although we have not been notified of, and norare not otherwise aware of, any material real property environmental liability, claim or non-compliance, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur remediation or other costs in connection with real property environmental matters in the future. If such costs were to prove material, our operating results could be adversely affected.


Risks Related to Our Company and our Business


Our ability to maintain capacity at and forecast the needs of our warehousing and distribution facilities can impact our business and results of operations.

Our ability to maintain available capacity in our distribution operations for stocked inventory and to enable on time shipment and deliveries, such as by timely implementing additional distribution resources, whether in the form of expanded or additional temporary and permanent facilities we operate or by outsourcing certain functions to third-party distribution and logistics partners, is critical to our ability to service our growing business. If we do not accurately forecast our future warehousing and distribution center needs, and then timely plan, fund on budget, launch and efficiently operate new distribution resources and facilities when needed, our operations and financial results could be materially adversely impacted. In addition, expanding and/or enhancing our distribution network would have an adverse impact on operating expenses as a percentage of sales, inventory turnover, and working capital requirements in the periods prior to and for some time following the commencement of operations for each such expansion or enhancement.

We rely on third-party suppliers for our products and services. The loss or interruption of these relationships could impact our sales volumes, the levels of inventory we must carry, and/or result in sales delays and/or higher inventory costs from new suppliers.

We purchase a portion of our products from major distributors and directly from large manufacturers who may deliver those products directly to our customers (“drop ship”), as well as from smaller more regional vendors. These drop ship
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delivery relationships enable us to make available to our customers a wide selection of products without having to maintain large amounts of inventory. The termination or interruption of our relationships with any of these drop ship suppliers could materially adversely affect our business.

We purchase a number of our products, particularly private brand and white label products, from vendors located outside of the United States. Raw material costs used in our vendors’ products (steel, tungsten, etc.) and energy costs have significantly increased and may continue to increase, which has resulted and may continue to result in increased production costs for our vendors, which they seek to pass along to us. Difficulties encountered by one or several of these suppliers could halt or disrupt production and delay completion or cause the cancellation of our orders. Delays or interruptions in the transportation network could result in loss or delay of timely receipt of product required to fulfill customer orders. Our ability to find qualified vendors who meet our standards and supply products in a timely and efficient manner is a significant challenge, especially with respect to goods sourced from outside the U.S. In this regard, in response to the tariffs imposed by the U.S. on goods imported from China, we are seeking alternative sources of supply, such as utilizing new vendors in additional countries, which entails various risks, such as identifying, vetting and managing new business relationships, reliance on these new vendors maintaining quality control over their products, and protecting our intellectual property rights. However, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to identify, vet, and onboard alternative vendors that provide similar cost, and quality of existing suppliers.

Political or financial instability, merchandise quality issues, product safety concerns, trade restrictions, work stoppages, tariffs, foreign currency exchange rates, transportation capacity and costs, inflation, civil unrest, war or other conflicts, outbreaks of pandemics and other factors are beyond our control. These and other issues affecting our vendors could materially adversely affect our revenue and gross profit.
We rely on third-party suppliers for shipping and delivery services and managing the logistics of a distribution business can impact our results of operations and margins.

We face certain risks due to our reliance on common carrier delivery services for shipping inventoried merchandise to customers and our reliance on drop ship deliveries directly to customers by our product vendors for products we do not hold in inventory (such as freight cost increases, timely delivery and customer service, delays due to work stoppages, etc.). We also must effectively manage our ability to maintain available capacity in our distribution operations for stocked inventory and to enable on time shipment and deliveries, such as by timely implementing additional or alternative distribution resources, whether in the form of additional facilities we operate or by outsourcing certain functions to third-party distribution and logistics partners.

Increases in freight and shipping costs charged to us by third parties could adversely affect our margins to the extent the increases cannot be passed along to customers, and factors affecting the shipping and distribution of products imported to the United States by us or our domestic vendors, such as a shortage in global availability of shipping containers, port congestion and global logistical delays and pandemic related labor shortages, have in the past and could in the future adversely affect the timely availability of products, resulting in delayed or lost sales, as well as adversely affecting our margins.

The fuel costs of our independent freight companies have been volatile. Our vendors and independent freight carriers typically look to pass increased costs along to us through price increases. When we are forced to accept these price increases, we may not be able to pass them along to our customers, resulting in lower margins.


Changes in our customer, product, vendor, sourcing or channel sales mix, or failure to execute on competitive pricing programs designed to increase market share and/or customer velocity, including the use of free or reduced freight incentives, could cause our gross margin and ultimately operating margins to decline; failure to mitigate these pressures could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Our gross margins are dependent on variables such as customer, product and vendor mix, including sourcing and category, pricing strategies implemented to increase market share and customer velocity, including the use of free or other promotional freight plans and other variables, any or all of which could result in fluctuations or declines in our gross margins. Decisions to drop ship rather than stock products in our distribution centers, decisions to offer private brand alternatives or branded offerings, price changes by manufacturers, and pricing actions taken in response to competitors, as well as a continuation of our customers’ shift to lower-priced products could also adversely affect our gross margins.

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We rely to a great extent on our information and telecommunications systems, and significant system failures or outages, or our failure to properly evaluate, upgrade or replace our systems, or the failure of our security/safety measures to protect our systems and websites, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.


We rely on a variety of information and telecommunications systems including internally developed software, third partythird-party purchased software and third party cloud basedthird-party cloud-based software in order to manage our business, including our customer, vendor, employee, facilities, finance, management and corporate operations. Our success is dependent in large part on the accuracy and proper use of our information systems, including our telecommunications systems, which are utilized in all aspects of our business. To manage our growth, we need to continually evaluate the effectiveness and adequacy of our existing systems and procedures to ensure they are keeping pace with changes in our business. These systems, whether internally developed, purchased or cloud basedcloud-based may need to be modified, upgraded or replaced from time to time. System modifications, upgrades or replacements involve costs as well as the risk of implementation delays and not operating as intended. We rely on third parties such as telecommunication carriers, internet service providers and our own employees to provide the technology services and expertise on which we depend. There are risks that third parties may incur outages or circumstances where they cannot provide the services we require as intended or that our employees do not have the expertise to remediate system outages or technical problems that may arise. We have experienced some delays and operational problems in implementing new IT systems in the past. We anticipate that we will regularly need to make capital expenditures to upgrade and modify our management information systems, including software and hardware, as we grow and the needs of our business change. We have disaster recovery systems and system backups are routinely done for certain critical systems, but not for every system. The occurrence of a significant system failure, electrical or telecommunications outages or our failure to ensure our IT employees are properly trained and technically proficient, or that our systems are adequate, effective and beneficial to our business, or our failure to expand or successfully implement new systems could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.


Use of Cloud-Based Systems and Infrastructure Provided by Third Parties Present Significant Risks to Our Business.

Certain of our operating systems and management information systems resources and storage reside on a leading cloud-based platform operated by a well-known third-party provider of technology services. This managed cloud-based platform is operated on a “infrastructure as a service” (“IAAS”) model. Accordingly, exposure to third-party service outages and data loss, or a failure of the network or loss of connectivity can adversely affect our business.  In addition, since the data resides on the cloud, we and our customers are forced to rely on the physical and information security of the vendor to protect their valuable information.  There can be no assurance that the cloud-based systems on which we rely will not experience such outages or failures or that data privacy/information security will not be breached.

Data and security breaches, and other disruptions in our information technology systems, could compromise confidential or private information and expose us to liability, which could cause our business and reputation to suffer.


Our operations are dependent upon information technology that encompasses all of our major business functions. We use our information systems to, among other things, monitor our supply chain, make purchasing decisions, manage and replenish inventories, coordinate our sales and marketing activities, fill and ship customer orders on a timely basis and to monitor and record our financial transactions and results of operations. These systems also process, transmit and store sensitive electronic data, including employee personal information, supplier and customer records, allow vendors and customers to register on our portals and websites, as applicable, or otherwise allow third parties to communicate or interact with us. In addition, we depend on IT systems of third parties, to, among other things, market and distribute products, to operate our websites, host and manage our services, store data, and process transactions. We may share information with these third parties that participate in certain aspects of our business, and we certify our major suppliersobtain external auditor certification on the controls and security of any significant outsourced services through accepted security certification standards.service provider according to the SSAE 18 standard. However, there is always a risk that the confidentiality of data held or accessed by them may be compromised.


In processing our sales orders, we often collect personal information and transmit credit card information of our customers. If there was a security breach resulting in unauthorized access to or use of such information, we could be subject to claims for identity theft, unauthorized purchases and claims alleging misrepresentation of our privacy and data security practices or other related claims. While the Company believes it conforms to appropriate Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) security standards, any breach involving the loss of credit card information may lead to significant PCI related fines in the millions of dollars.fines. In the event of a severe breach, credit card providers may prevent our accepting of credit cards.




We measure our data security effectiveness through industry accepted methods and remediate significant findings. We maintain and routinely test backup systems and disaster recovery, along with external network security penetration testing by an independent third partythird-party as part of our business continuity preparedness. We also have processes in place to prevent
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disruptions resulting from the implementation of new software and systems of the latest technology. We have implemented solutions, processes, and procedures to help mitigate the risk of cyber attacks,cyber-attacks, such as conducting annual vulnerability testing, and are in the process of engaging consultants to assist us in implementing stronger security measures, identifying remediation initiatives and establishing emergency response plans, but there can be no assurance these efforts will successfully deter future cyber attacks.cyber-attacks. Our Board of DirectorsAudit Committee is responsible for oversight of the activities of our IT department (which reports to our Chief Executive Officer),Senior Vice President and receives a quarterly presentation from our Chief Information Officer ("CIO")) and receives quarterly reports from our CIO that covers,cover, among other things, data securitycybersecurity threats, mitigation measures, and cyber liability matters.preventative procedures and software.


Although our IT systems are protected through various network security measures, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers with which we do business, may nevertheless be vulnerable to security breaches, cyber attackscyber-attacks (any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources) vandalism, power outages, natural disasters, computer system failures, telecommunication or network failures, computer viruses, malware, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. From time to time.time, we have experienced efforts by unknown persons, including “bots”, to access or breach our information systems, and these efforts can be expected to continue in the future. Furthermore, the ongoing military conflicts between Ukraine and Russia and in the Middle East and the potential for retaliatory acts of cyberwarfare from Russia or other state or non-state actors against U.S. companies could result in increased cyber-attacks against us. While we have successfully defended against such efforts in the past, there can be no assurance we will be able to protect sensitive data and/or the integrity of the Company's information systems and to defend against such efforts in the future.


Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of our confidential information or confidential information of our customers, employees, or suppliers, whether by us or by our third-party service providers, could disrupt our business, expose us to risks of litigation (such as customer or third partythird-party claims that their data has been compromised) and liability, result in a loss of assets or cause reputational damage, and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Any substantial disruption of our systems could impair our ability to process orders, maintain proper levels of inventories, manage customer billings and collections, prepare and present accurate financial statements and related information, and otherwise materially adversely affect our ability to manage our business.


We maintain cyber liability risk insurance, but this insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our losses from any future breaches of our systems, or to cover the cause of the future specific situation/loss at hand. In addition, as privacy and information security laws and standards evolve, we may need to incur significant additional investment in technology and other processes to meet new legal requirements.


We have exitedidentified material weaknesses in our SARL Businesses in 2017 and NATG business in 2015 and could incur costs in excess of our estimated exit expenses.

The Company has substantially completed most of the NATG wind-down activities, although activities relatedinternal control over financial reporting associated with certain Information Technology General Controls (ITGCs). If we are unable to collecting remaining accounts receivable, subleasing remaining retail store and warehouse spaces and settling accounts payable and other contingent liabilities continue.  The Company expects that additional NATG wind-down costs incurred during 2018remediate this, or later will aggregate between $1 and $5 million, which is expected to be presented in discontinued operations.

There can be no assurance the Company will be able to timely exit its existing lease commitments at currently recorded cost levels. Failure to achieve these expectations will result in increased cash exit costs for the Company.


We rely on third party suppliers for most of our products and services. The loss or interruption of these relationships could impact our sales volumes, the levels of inventory we must carry, and/or result in sales delays and/or higher inventory costs from new suppliers. 

In France we purchase a substantial portion of our products from major distributors and directly from large manufacturers who may deliver those products directly to our customers (within IPG, many of our suppliers are smaller and more fragmented, but such delivery relationships are still often used). These delivery relationships enable us to make available to our customers a wide selection of products without havingotherwise fail to maintain large amounts of inventory.  The termination or interruption ofproper and effective internal controls, our relationships with any of these suppliersability to produce timely and accurate financial statements could materiallybe impaired, which could adversely affect our business.operating results, our ability to operate our business, our stock price and access to the capital markets.




We purchaseAs a number of our products from vendors outside of the United States.  Difficulties encountered by one or several of these suppliers could halt or disrupt production and delay completion or cause the cancellation of our orders. Delays or interruptions in the transportation network could result in loss or delay of timely receipt of productpublic company, we are required to fulfill customer orders.  Our ability to find qualified vendors who meet our standardsestablish and supply products in a timelyperiodically evaluate and efficient manner is a significant challenge, especiallyassess procedures with respect to goods sourced from outside the U.S. Political orour internal control over financial instability, merchandise quality issues, product safety concerns, trade restrictions, work stoppages, tariffs, foreign currency exchange rates, transportation capacity and costs, inflation, civil unrest, outbreaksreporting. In connection with our year-end assessment as part of pandemics and other factors relating to foreign trade are beyond our control. These and other issues affecting our vendors could materially adversely affect our revenue and gross profit.

Many product suppliers provide us with co-operative advertising support in exchange for featuring their products in our catalogs and on our internet sites. Certain suppliers provide us with other incentives such as rebates, reimbursements, payment discounts, price protection and other similar arrangements. These incentives are offset against cost of goods sold or selling, general and administrative expenses, as applicable. The level of co-operative advertising support and other incentives received from suppliers has declined and may decline further in the future, increasing our cost of goods sold or selling, general and administrative expenses and have an adverse effect on results of operations and cash flows.

Goodwill and intangible assets may become impaired resulting in a charge to earnings.

The Company has made acquisitions in the past of other businesses and these acquisitions resulted in the recording of significant intangible assets and/or goodwill. We are required to test goodwill and intangible assets annually to determine if the carrying values of these assets are impaired or on a more frequent basis if indicators of impairment exist. If any of our goodwill or intangible assets arethis Annual Report, we determined to be impaired we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in the period during which the impairment is discovered.  In the fourth quarter of 2016 within the Company’s ETG discontinued operations, an impairment charge related to goodwill of approximately $0.3 million was recorded and within IPG segment, an impairment charge related to goodwill and intangible assets of $0.1 million was recorded. Although the carrying amounts of intangible assets and goodwill are relatively smallthat, as of December 31, 2017,2023, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting due to material weaknesses we identified in the design and operation of certain ITGCs relevant to our key accounting, reporting, and proprietary information technology (IT) systems, as more fully described in Item 9A, "Controls and Procedures" of this Form 10-K. These material weaknesses did not result in any identified misstatements to the extentfinancial statements, and there were no changes to previously issued financial results. However, if we are unable to remediate this matter we cannot guarantee this will be the Company makes acquisitionscase in future periods.

While we are in the future thereprocess of implementing changes to remediate the material weaknesses identified, we cannot be certain as to when remediation will be complete or if the remediation efforts will be successful. Further, remediation efforts may place a significant burden on management and add increased pressure to our financial and IT resources and processes. As a result, we may not be successful in making the improvements necessary to remediate the material weaknesses identified by management in a timely manner or in identifying and remediating additional control deficiencies, including material weaknesses, in the future. Any failure to remediate the material weaknesses identified, or the development of new material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, could again beresult in material amountsmisstatements in our financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our reporting and financial obligations, which in turn could have a negative impact on our financial condition, results of such assets recordedoperations or cash flows and subject to future impairment testing.cause a decline in the market price of our stock.


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Our substantial internationalforeign product procurement operations are subject to risks such as fluctuations in currency rates (which can adversely impact foreign revenues and profits when translated to US Dollars), foreign regulatory trade and customs requirements political uncertaintysuch as the tariffs and duties matters discussed above, and the managementpolitical and economic conditions of our growing international operations.the jurisdictions from which we procure products.


WeBecause we sell products all across North America and procure product from abroad, including from China, we operate internationally and as a result, we are subject to risks associated with doing business globally, such as risks related to the differing legal, political and regulatory requirements and economic conditions of many jurisdictions. Risks inherent to operating internationally include:


Changes in a country’s economic or political conditionsconditions;
Tariff and trade uncertainties;
Changes in foreign currency exchange ratesrates;
Difficulties with staffing and managing international operationsrelationships;
Unexpected changes in regulatory requirementsrequirements;
Changes in transportation and shipping costscosts; and
Enforcement of intellectual property rightsrights.
Tariff and trade uncertainties


The functional currencies of our businesses outside of the U.S. are the local currencies. Changes in exchange rates between these foreign currencies and the U.S. Dollar will affect the recorded levels of our assets, liabilities, net sales, cost of goods sold and operating margins and could result in exchange gains or losses. The primary currencies to which we have exposure are the European Union Euro, Canadian Dollar and the IndiaIndian Rupee. Exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S. Dollar in recent years have fluctuated significantly and may do so in the future. Our operating results and profitability may be affected by any volatility in currency exchange rates and our ability to manage effectively our currency transaction and translation risks. For example, we currently have operations located in countries outside the United States, and non-U.S. sales accounted for approximately 40.0%5.3% of our net sales from continuing operations during 2017.2023. To the extent the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, our foreign revenues and profits will be reduced when translated into U.S. dollars.




We are exposed to various inventory risks, such as being unable to profitably resell excess or obsolete inventory and/or the loss of product return rights and price protection from our vendors; such events could lower our gross margins or result in inventory write-downs that would reduce reported future earnings.


Our inventory is subject to risk due to changes in market demand for particular products. If we fail to manage our inventory of older products we may have excess or obsolete inventory. We may have limited rights to return purchases to certain suppliers and we may not be able to obtain price protection on these items.suppliers. The elimination of purchase return privileges and lack of availability of price protection could lower our gross margin or result in inventory write-downs.


We also take advantage of attractive product pricing by making opportunistic bulk inventory purchases; any resulting excess and/or obsolete inventory that we are not able to re-sell could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Any inability to make such bulk inventory purchases may significantly impact our sales and profitability.




Our ETG employees are represented by unions or workers’ councils or are employed subject to local laws that are less favorable to employers than the laws of the U.S.

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 500 employees located in Europe and Asia. We have workers’ councils representing the employees of our France operations. These France employees are subject to employment laws that provide greater bargaining or other rights to employees than the laws of the U.S. Such employment rights require us to work collaboratively with the legal representatives of the employees to effect any changes to labor arrangements. For example, the workers’ council in France must approve certain changes in conditions of employment, including salaries and benefits and staff changes, and may impede efforts to restructure our workforce. Although we believe that we have a good working relationship with our employees, a strike, work stoppage or slowdown by our employees or significant dispute with our employees could result in a significant disruption of our operations or higher ongoing labor costs.

We may be unable to reduce prices in reaction to competitive pressures, or implement cost reductions or new product line expansion to address gross profit and operating margin pressures; failure to mitigate these pressures could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

The markets in which we participate are highly price competitive and gross profit margins are narrow and variable.  The Company’s ability to further reduce prices in reaction to competitive pressure is limited.  Additionally, gross margins and operating margins are affected by changes in factors such as vendor pricing, vendor rebate and/or price protection programs, product return rights, and product mix.  Pricing pressure is prevalent in the markets we serve and we expect this to continue.  We may not be able to mitigate these pricing pressures and resultant declines in sales and gross profit margin with cost reductions in other areas or expansion into new product lines.  If we are unable to proportionately mitigate these conditions our operating results and financial condition may suffer.

Sales to individual customers expose us to credit card fraud, which impacts our operations.  If we fail to adequately protect ourselves from credit card fraud, our operations could be adversely impacted.

Failure to adequately control fraudulent credit card transactions could increase our expenses.  Sales to individual consumers and small businesses, which are more likely to be paid for using a credit card, increases our exposure to fraud.  We employ technology solutions to help us detect the fraudulent use of credit card information.  However, if we are unable to detect or control credit card fraud, we may suffer losses as a result of orders placed with fraudulent credit card data, which could adversely affect our business.

Our business is dependent on certain key personnel.

Our business depends largely on the efforts and abilities of certain key senior management.  The loss of the services of one or more of such key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

We are subject to litigation risk due to the nature of our business, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business.

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits or other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. These include patent, trademark or other intellectual property matters, employment law matters, states sales tax claims on internet/ecommerce transactions, product liability, commercial disputes, consumer sales practices, or other matters.


In addition, as a public company we could from time to time face claims relating to corporate or securities law matters.  The defense and/or outcome of such lawsuits or proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business. See “Legal Proceedings”.

Our profitability can be adversely affected by changes in our income tax exposure due to changes in tax rates or laws, changes in our effective tax rate due to changes in the mix of earnings among different countries, restrictions on utilization of tax benefits and changes in valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Changes in our income tax expense due to changes in the mix of U.S. and non-U.S. revenues and profitability, changes in tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our profitability.  We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions.  Our effective tax rate has been in the past and could be in the future adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, restrictions on utilization of tax benefits, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws or by material audit assessments.  As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its net deferred tax assets in the U.S. at December 31, 2017 and recorded tax expense of approximately $10.3 million. On December 31, 2017 the French Parliament adopted the Finance Law for 2018. Under this law, French corporate income tax rates are reduced from 33.33% to 25% over a five year period. As a result of the scheduled reductions in the French corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its French net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recorded tax expense of approximately $0.5 million. At December 31, 2017 the Company has approximately $26.1 million of net deferred tax assets.

The carrying value of our deferred tax assets is dependent on our ability to generate future taxable income in those jurisdictions. In the case of where several years of losses occur in a jurisdiction, there is a risk that the Company would need to reserve its deferred tax assets which would likely result in a material tax expense being recorded in the period that such reserve is established. Similarly, in the case where a reserve against deferred tax assets has previously been established, successive years of profitability would require the reversal of deferred tax asset reserves which would likely result in a material tax benefit in the period that the reserve is deemed to be no longer necessary. In addition, the amount of income taxes we pay is subject to audit in our various jurisdictions and a material assessment by a tax authority could affect our profitability.
The current U.S. Administration has indicated an intent to reform current international trade agreements. A significant objective of the reforms under consideration is to discourage the importation of goods manufactured outside the U.S. and encourage the export of goods manufactured in the U.S., commonly referred to as a border adjustment tax. Within IPG a significant portion of the products we sell are manufactured outside of the U.S., imported to the U.S. and sold in North America. The impact of a border adjustment tax could be material to our tax expense and profitability. The Company may not be able to fully offset any such tax increase through product price increases as increases in product prices in a competitive market would likely decrease demand for the Company’s products. It is not possible to measure the potential impact of the proposed U.S. trade reforms on the Company’s tax expense at this time. However, the implementation of a significant border adjustment or import tax could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s profitability.

Changes in accounting standards or practices, as well as new accounting pronouncements or interpretations, may require us to account for and report our financial results in a different manner in the future, which may be less favorable than the manner used historically.

A change in accounting standards or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results of operations.  New accounting pronouncements and interpretations of existing accounting rules and practices have occurred and may occur in the future.  Changes to existing rules may adversely affect our reported financial results.

Concentration of Ownership and Control Limits Stockholders Ability to Influence Corporate ActionsActions.


Richard Leeds, Robert Leeds, and Bruce Leeds (each are brothers and directors and executive officers of the Company), together with trusts for the benefit of certain members of their respective families and other entities controlled by them, control approximately 68.0%66.2% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. Due to such holdings, the Leeds brothers together with these trusts and entities are able to determine the outcome of virtually all matters submitted to stockholders for approval, including the election of directors, the appointment of management, amendment of our articles of incorporation, significant corporate transactions (such as a merger or other sale of our company or our assets), the payments of dividends on our common stock and the entering into of extraordinary transactions. Further,Under NYSE rules, as a "controlled company" undercompany of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain NYSE rules,corporate governance standards, including the Company has elected to opt-out of certain New York Stock Exchange listing standardsrequirements (1) that among other things, require listed companies to have a majority of its board of directors consist of independent directors, (2) that its board of directors have a compensation committee that is comprised entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee's purpose and responsibilities and (3) that its board of directors have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is comprised entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee's purpose and responsibilities. As a controlled company, we currently rely on their board; the Company


does howeverexemption from the requirement that the majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors, and although we currently have an independent Audit, Compensation Committee and Nominating/Corporate Governance and Nominating Committees. Committee, as long as the we remain a “controlled company,” we may elect in the future to take advantage of any of these other exemptions. Accordingly, our common stock may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.

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Risk of Thin Trading and Volatility of our Common Stock Could Impact Stockholder Value


Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE and is thinly traded. Volatility of thinly traded stocks is typically higher than the volatility of more liquid stocks with higher trading volumes. The trading of relatively small quantities of shares of common stock by our stockholders may disproportionately influence the price of those shares in either direction. This may result in volatility in our stock price and could exacerbate the other volatility-inducing factors described below. The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations as a result of being thinly traded.


Goodwill and intangible assets may become impaired resulting in a charge to earnings.

The Company's acquisition of Indoff in May 2023 resulted in the recording of significant intangible assets and goodwill totaling approximately $64.8 million. We are required to test goodwill and intangible assets annually to determine if the carrying values of these assets are impaired or on a more frequent basis if indicators of impairment exist. If any of our goodwill or intangible assets are determined to be impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in the period during which the impairment is discovered. The consolidated carrying amounts of goodwill and intangible assets are $69.3 million as of December 31, 2023.

Our business is dependent on certain key personnel.

Our business depends largely on the efforts and abilities of certain key senior management employees. Recruiting and retaining qualified personnel is and will continue to be critical to our success. Furthermore, replacing executive officers and key employees may be difficult and may take an extended period of time because of the limited number of individuals in our industry with sufficient skills and experience required to successfully run our business. We may be unable to hire, train, retain, or motivate these key personnel on acceptable terms given the intense competition among numerous companies for similar personnel. Our inability to attract and retain such personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

We are subject to litigation risk due to the nature of our business, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business.

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits or other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. These include patent, trademark or other intellectual property matters, employment law matters, states sales tax claims on internet/e-commerce transactions, product liability, commercial disputes, consumer sales practices, or other matters. In addition, as a public company we could from time to time face claims relating to corporate or securities law matters. The defense and/or outcome of such lawsuits or proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business. See “Legal Proceedings”.

We exited our North American Technology Products Group ("NATG") business in 2015 and could incur costs in excess of our estimated exit expenses.

The Company has substantially completed the wind-down activities related to the NATG business, although certain NATG activities related to sublet facilities continue. The Company expects that total additional NATG exit costs incurred during 2024 or later may aggregate up to $0.5 million, which will be presented in discontinued operations. In 2023, we executed a sublease agreement for the full remaining term of the lease. In the event, the sub lessee is unable to fulfill its obligations, we would be responsible for the remaining rents due under the lease.

We may encounter difficulties with acquisitions, including our recent Indoff acquisition, and other strategic transactions which could harm our business.

We expect to pursue acquisitions and other strategic transactions that we believe will either expand or complement our business in new or existing markets or further enhance the value and offerings we are able to provide to our existing or future potential customers.

Acquisitions and other strategic transactions involve numerous risks and challenges, including the following:

diversion of management’s attention from the normal operation of our business;
potential loss of key associates and customers of the acquired companies;
difficulties managing and integrating operations in geographically dispersed locations;
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the potential for deficiencies in internal controls at acquired companies;
increases in our expenses and working capital requirements, which reduce our return on invested capital;
lack of experience operating in the geographic market or industry sector of the acquired business; and
exposure to unanticipated liabilities of acquired companies.

On May 19, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff. There can be no assurance that such integration will occur on the expected timeframe or at all, or that we will realize the anticipated benefits and synergies from this or any other future acquisition. Furthermore, our estimates regarding the earnings, operating cash flow, capital expenditures and liabilities resulting from this or any future acquisition may prove to be incorrect.

To integrate acquired businesses, we must implement our management information systems, operating systems and internal controls, and assimilate and manage the personnel of the acquired operations. The difficulties of this integration may be further complicated by geographic distances. The integration of acquired businesses, including Indoff, may not be successful may take longer or be more difficult, time-consuming or costly to accomplish than anticipated and could result in disruption to other parts of our business. These and other factors could harm our ability to achieve anticipated levels of profitability at acquired operations or realize other anticipated benefits of an acquisition, and could adversely affect our consolidated business and operating results and could result in disruption to other parts of our business.

Our operations are subject to the effects of a rising rate of inflation.

Inflationary pressures have increased our costs in the past and may again in the future. To the extent we are unable to offset these cost increases through higher prices or other measures, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Changes in accounting standards or practices, as well as new accounting pronouncements or interpretations, may require us to account for and report our financial results in a different manner in the future, which may be less favorable than the manner used historically.

A change in accounting standards or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results of operations. New accounting pronouncements and interpretations of existing accounting rules and practices have occurred and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules may adversely affect our reported financial results.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.


None.


Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

Risk Management and Strategy

Our processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats are integrated into our overall risk management program and are based on the standardized framework established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”), the International Organization for Standardization and other applicable industry standards. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (“NIST CSF”) helps the Company prioritize its cybersecurity activities and take a risk-based approach to cybersecurity, which begins with the identification and evaluation of cybersecurity risks or threats that could affect the Company’s operations, finances, legal or regulatory compliance, or reputation. We rely on a cybersecurity team that works to identify, protect against, detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity threats and incidents through risk management and strategy. Our cybersecurity team has adopted procedures to promptly address material risks to the Company’s cybersecurity environment, with a triage and remediation protocol in place. Once identified, cybersecurity risks and related mitigation efforts are prioritized based on their potential impact, likelihood, velocity, and vulnerability, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors. Risk mitigation strategies are developed and implemented based on the specific nature of each cybersecurity risk. These strategies include, among others, the application of cybersecurity policies and procedures, implementation of administrative, technical, and physical controls, and employee training, education, and awareness initiatives.

As part of our cybersecurity defense structure, our internal cybersecurity team performs the following actions, without exclusion: (i) tracking cybersecurity risks, threats and incidents to help identify and analyze them; (ii) promptly reporting significant cybersecurity risks, threats and incidents to our CIO; and (iii) utilizing third-party vendors and software for review, testing, preemption and monitoring of cybersecurity risks, threats and incidents.

In addition, our CIO closely monitors the cybersecurity team’s approach with regular reviews of security risks and vulnerabilities, security strategy and the implementation of mitigation plans and technology, and reports quarterly to our Audit
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Committee and Board of Directors on, among other things, threats, mitigation measures, and preventative procedures and software.

We have a robust cybersecurity training and awareness program that requires all employees to complete mandatory cybersecurity awareness, information handling, and privacy training at the time of onboarding and on an annual basis thereafter. In addition, we regularly test our employees compliance with best practices using various techniques, such as simulated phishing campaigns, to validate the efficacy of our cybersecurity training.

We have implemented solutions, processes, and procedures to help mitigate the risk of cyberattacks, such as conducting annual vulnerability testing, and periodically engaging third-party experts to assist us with tasks such as implementing our incident response plan and conducting tabletop exercises.

The Company tracks key performance indicators and cybersecurity metrics to evaluate the efficacy of its cybersecurity controls and practices. Furthermore, the Company’s cybersecurity program is periodically reviewed and adjusted in an effort to maintain the program’s agility and responsiveness as circumstances evolve, new cybersecurity threats emerge, and regulations change.

As are other businesses, from time to time, we have experienced efforts by unknown persons, including “bots”, to access or breach our information systems, which have been prevented based on measures put in place by the Company. However, there can be no assurance we will be able to protect sensitive data and/or the integrity of the Company's information systems and to defend against such efforts in the future. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K.

Governance

As the head of our cybersecurity team, our CIO reports quarterly on cybersecurity to our Audit Committee, which has primary responsibility for cybersecurity oversight, and also to our full Board and regularly reports to the Chief Executive Officer on such cybersecurity matters. Cybersecurity risk is assessed and tracked as a significant risk faced by the Company and is closely managed along key risk indicators covering security maturity, risk exposure, and security operations. Performance against these indicators is regularly measured and discussed, among other things, in our Board reporting.

The members of our cybersecurity team have risk management backgrounds, certifications, and/or cyber experience in prior professional roles and at the Company. The team maintains expertise on cyber risk management through certified security professionals on staff, external training and affiliations with relevant organizations. Additionally, we regularly engage with third party assessors, consultants, and advisors as needed for reviews and testing of our cybersecurity risk management systems.

We have established a comprehensive incident response and recovery plan to identify, protect, respond to and recover from cybersecurity threats and incidents. The plan includes processes for the activation of the crisis management team (comprised of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel), incident handling, and prompt and fulsome reporting to the Board upon discovery of a breach that could reasonably be material upon further investigation. Our procedures require reporting up the chain of command, even while materiality assessments are still being determined. In addition, we have pre-negotiated contracts with external third-party incident response providers to guide and assist the internal crisis management team as needed.

Item 2. Properties.


We operate our business from numerous facilities in North America France and Asia. These facilities include our headquarters location, administrative offices, telephone call centers and distribution centers. Certain facilities handle multiple functions. MostAll of our facilities are leased; certain are owned by the Company.leased.


North America


As of December 31, 2017, IPG has2023, we have six operationalprimary distribution centers in North America and Canada, which aggregate approximately 2.02.8 million square feet all of space. The Company also has smaller distribution facilities located in North America and Canada. The Company has sublet certain office and warehouse distribution space in Canada, which are leased by IPG. aggregates to approximately 212,000 square feet.


Our headquarters, administrative offices and call centers aggregate approximately 184,000217,000 square feet within our IPG segment, all of which are leased.space.


InThe Company has one business to business call center and one warehouse from its discontinued NATG there remain five retail stores, three B2B call centers and two warehousesbusiness that are either sublet or are being marketed for sublease.sublet. These properties aggregate to approximately 0.90.4 million square feet.feet of space.


EuropeAsia

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Table of Contents

As of December 31, 2017, we have one distribution center in France which aggregates approximately 56,000 square feet and is leased by ETG.  Our administrative offices and call centers aggregate approximately 47,000 square feet.

Asia

As of December 31, 2017,2023 we leased twothree administrative offices in Asia aggregating approximately 9,00016,300 square feet.feet of space.


Please refer to Note 115 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about leased properties, including aggregate rental expense for these properties.




Item 3. Legal Proceedings.


The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings which may include commercial, employment, customer, personal injury, creditors rights and health and safety law matters, as well as VAT tax disputes in European jurisdictions in which it has done business, and which are handled and defended in the ordinary course of business.  In addition, the Company is from time to time subjected to various assertions, claims, proceedings and requests for damages and/or indemnification concerning sales channel practices and intellectual property matters, including patent infringement suits involving technologies that are incorporated inFor a broad spectrum of products the Company sells or that are incorporated in the Company’s e-commerce sales channels, as well as trademark/copyright infringement claims.  The Company is also audited by (or has initiated voluntary disclosure agreements with) numerous governmental agencies in various countries, including U.S. Federal and state authorities, concerning potential income tax, sales tax and unclaimed property liabilities.   These matters are in various stages of investigation, negotiation and/or litigation.   The Company is also being audited by an entity representing 21 states seeking recovery of “unclaimed property”.  The Company is complying with the unclaimed property audit and is providing requested information. The Company intends to vigorously defend these matters and believes it has strong defenses. In September 2017 the Company and certain subsidiaries comprising its former NATG "Tiger" consumer electronics business


were sued in United States District Court, Northern District of California by a software publisher alleging that the NATG subsidiaries violated certain contractual sales channel restrictions resulting in claims of breach of contract and trademark/copyright infringement. The matter is at a very early stage and the Company is assessing the claims and its defenses; the Company cannot predict the outcome of this matter and believes the potential damages, if any, cannot be estimated at this time.
Although the Company does not expect, based on currently available information, that the outcome in any of these matters, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations, the ultimate outcome is inherently unpredictable.  Therefore, judgments could be rendered or settlements entered, that could adversely affect the Company’s operating results or cash flows in a particular period.  The Company regularly assesses all of its litigation and threatened litigation as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability, and records its best estimatedescription of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihoodCompany's legal proceedings, see Note 16, Commitments, Contingencies and Other Matters, of loss as probable and estimable.  In this regard, the Company establishes accrual estimates for its various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred at the date of the financial statements and the loss can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2017 the Company has established accruals for certain of its various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings based upon estimates of the most likely outcome in a range of loss or the minimum amounts in a range of loss if no amount within a range is a more likely estimate.  The Company does not believe that at December 31, 2017 any reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued would be materialNotes to the financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.




Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.


Not applicable.

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PART II


Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


SystemaxGlobal Industrial's common stock is traded on the NYSE Euronext Exchange under the symbol “SYX.”  The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales price of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange for("NYSE") under the periods indicated.symbol “GIC.” 


 High Low
2017   
First Quarter$11.35
 $7.20
Second Quarter20.44
 11.66
Third Quarter28.25
 18.07
Fourth Quarter34.31
 27.12
    
2016 
  
First Quarter$9.55
 $7.46
Second Quarter9.35
 7.89
Third Quarter9.06
 7.65
Fourth Quarter9.29
 7.36
On December 29, 2017,In February 2024, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $33.27 per share.  As of December 31, 2017, we had 167 shareholders of record.

On December 26, 2017, the Company’sCompany's Board of Directors declared a specialregular cash dividend of $1.50$0.25 per share payable on January 12, 2018 to common stock shareholders of record at the close of business on January 5, 2018.

On October 31, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share payable on November 20, 2017 to shareholders of record on November 13, 2017.

On August 1, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share payable on August 21, 2017 to shareholders of record on August 14, 2017.

On May 4, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share payable on May 22, 2017 to shareholders of record on May 15, 2017.

On February 28, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per shareMarch 11, 2024, payable on March 20, 2017 to shareholders of record on March 10, 2017.18, 2024.



Depending in part upon profitability, the strength of our balance sheet, our cash position and the need to retain cash for the development and expansion of our business, we anticipate continuing a regular quarterly dividend in the future, subject to availability limitations under our credit facilities.  See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Note 510 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements”.


Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans and a performance graph relating to the Company’s common stock is set forth in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the 20182024 Annual Meeting of ShareholdersStockholders and is incorporated by reference herein.


Purchases of Equity Securities

In July 2018, the Company's Board of Director's approved a share repurchase program with a repurchase authorization of up to two million shares of the Company's common stock. Under the share repurchase program, the Company is authorized to purchase shares from time to time through open market purchases, tender offerings or negotiated purchases, subject to market conditions and other factors.

During 2023, 2022 and 2021, no shares were repurchased. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the program total approximately 1,375,000.


Item 6. Selected Financial Data.Reserved


The following selected financial information is qualified by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained elsewhere in this report.  The selected statement of operations data, excluding discontinued operations, for fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 2017 and 2016 are derived



from the audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this report.  The selected balance sheet data as of December 2015, 2014 and 2013 and the selected statement of operations data for fiscal years 2014 and 2013 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company which are not included in this report. The results of operations shown here have been adjusted to reflect the presentation of the ETG and NATG discontinued operations (See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
 Years Ended December 31,
 (In millions, except per share data)
 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
Statement of Operations Data:         
Net sales$1,265.4
 $1,170.3
 $1,243.5
 $1,364.7
 $1,291.0
Gross profit$351.4
 $307.9
 $310.5
 $315.7
 $291.2
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations$71.3
 $27.7
 $(3.5) $6.8
 $(6.6)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$76.1
 $16.9
 $(24.0) $(8.9) $(36.6)
Per Share Amounts:
   
  
    
Net income (loss) from continuing operations — diluted$2.02
 $0.45
 $(0.65) $(0.24) $(0.99)
Weighted average common shares — diluted37.6
 37.2
 37.1
 37.1
 37.0
Cash dividends declared per common share$1.85
 $0.10
 $
 $
 $
Balance Sheet Data:   
  
  
  
Working capital$178.3
 $186.2
 $214.2
 $310.6
 $345.8
Total assets$551.4
 $566.1
 $710.1
 $896.9
 $942.2
Shareholders’ equity$211.8
 $214.4
 $253.9
 $359.6
 $406.2

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


Overview


Systemax Inc.,Global Industrial Company, through its subsidiaries, is primarily a value-added industrial distributor of more than hundreds of thousands of industrial and MRO products in North America going to market through a system of branded e-commerce websites and relationship marketers.

On May 19, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff, a business-to-business direct marketer of brand namematerial handling products, commercial interiors and private label products. The Company currently operates and is internally managedbusiness products with operations in two reportable segments - Industrial Products Group ("IPG") and Europe Technology Group ("ETG"). Smaller business operations and corporate functions are aggregated and reported as an additional segment – Corporate and Other (“Corporate”).  As previously disclosedNorth America, for approximately $72.6 million in cash. This acquisition expands the Company's presence in the second quarter of 2017 and for all periods presented, the Company modified the presentation of certain costs associated with operating our distribution centers as well as with our Purchasing and Product Development personnel. Historically these costs had been included as a component of cost of sales and are now included within Selling, Distribution and Administrative expenses ("SD&A").

As disclosedMRO market in our Form 8-K dated March 31, 2017, on March 24, 2017, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company executed a definitive securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain special purpose companies formed by Hilco Capital Limited (“Hilco” and together with its management team partners, “Purchaser”).  Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Purchaser acquired all of the Company’s interests in Systemax Europe SARL, which includes its subsidiaries, Systemax Business Services K.F.T., Misco UK Limited, Systemax Italy S.R.L., Misco Iberia Computer Supplies S.L., Misco AB, Global Directmail B.V. and Misco Solutions B.V. (collectively, the “SARL Businesses”).North America. The SARL Businesses were reported within the Company's EETG segment. The transaction closed immediately upon execution of the Purchase Agreement.

The Company retained its France technology value added reseller business, which is conducted through its subsidiary, Inmac Wstore S.A.S., which was not part of the sale transaction.

The SARL Businesses were sold on a cash-free, debt-free basis; proceeds were nominal.   As part of the transaction, the Company retained a 5% residual equity position in the Purchaser’s acquiring entity, HUK 77 Limited, which is being accounted for on the cost method, to which no value was ascribed, a $3.3 million note receivable ($2.2 million balance at December 31, 2017 which was paid in full in January 2018) and provided limited transition services to Purchaser through December 19, 2017 under a transition services agreement. The note receivable is included inIndoff accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017. In October 2017, Misco UK Ltd. ("Misco UK"), one of the companies included in the sold SARL Businesses, was entered into administration insolvency proceedings in the UK. The Company's rights under the Purchase Agreement and the note


receivable relate to the Purchaser and other affiliated entities which are not subject to such proceedings. The Company does not anticipate any material adverse effect on the Company due to the insolvency of Misco UK.

The sale of the SARL business met the “strategic shift with major impact” criteria as defined under Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which requires disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. Under ASU 2014-08 in order for a disposal to qualify for discontinued operations presentation in the financial statements, the disposal must be a "strategic shift" with a major impact for the reporting entity. If an entity meets this threshold, and other requirements, only the components that were in operation at the time of disposal are presented as discontinued operations. Therefore, the current year and prior year results of the SARL Businesses are included in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Forstatements from the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, net salesdate of acquisition. See Note 4, Acquisition, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional financial information regarding the SARL Businesses included in discontinued operations totaled $117.0 million, $509.8 million, $611.2 million, respectively, and net loss included in discontinued operations totaled $28.2 million, $24.8 million and $24.3 million, respectively. For a discussion of the accounting for the sale of the SARL Businesses, see Note 1 and Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K.acquisition.


As disclosed in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015, the Company sold its North American Technology Products Group ("NATG") business and began the wind-down of its remaining NATG operations. The sale of the NATG business in December 2015 had a major impact on the Company and therefore met the strategic shift criteria as defined under ASU 2014-08. The NATG components in operation at the time of the sale were the B2B and Ecommerce businesses and three remaining retail stores. Accordingly, these components and the results of operations have been adjusted in the accompanying financial statements to reflect their presentation in discontinued operations. The wind-down was substantially completed in the second quarter of 2016 and the Company continues with collecting accounts receivable, settling accounts payable, marketing remained leased facilities, as well as, settling remaining lease obligations and other contingencies. These wind-down activities will continue in 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, net sales of the NATG business included in discontinued operations totaled $0.0 million, $11.8 million and $1,053.4 million, respectively, and net loss included in discontinued operations totaled $7.5 million, $24.7 million and $51.5 million, respectively. For a discussion of the accounting and wind-down of the NATG business, see Note 1 and Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K.Continuing Operations

On September 2, 2016 the Company sold certain assets of its Misco Germany operations which had been reported as part of its ETG segment. As this disposition was not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-08, prior and current year results of the German operations are presented within continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales of Misco Germany included in continuing operations were $33.9 million and the net loss, including approximately $1.7 million of intercompany charges, was $6.4 million.
On December 31, 2016, the Company sold its rebate processing business which had been reported as part of its Corporate and Other (“Corporate”) segment.  As this disposition was also not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-08, prior and current year results of the rebate processing business are presented within continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales of the rebate processing business included in continuing operations were $3.7 million and the net loss was $2.3 million, including intercompany charges of $0.1 million. The Company recorded a gain on this sale in 2016 of approximately $3.9 million.

In order to provide more meaningful information to investors which reflect the full exit of NATG, Misco Germany, sale of the rebate processing business along with the associated gain on the sale, the Company is also presenting its results on a non-GAAP basis in the “Non-GAAP” operating results table. This non-GAAP presentation reflects the entire NATG segment, Misco Germany operation and rebate processing business as a discontinued operation for all periods presented as well as including adjustments for non-recurring items, intangible amortization and equity compensation in recurring operations.

Management’s discussion and analysis that follows will include IPG, ETG, Corporate and other, NATG continuing operations and discontinued operations.

Industrial Products

IPG sells a wide array of maintenance, repair and operational ("MRO") products, as well as other industrial and general business supplies,MRO products, which are marketed in North America. Most of these products are manufactured by other companies; however, the Company does offer a selection of products that are manufactured for our own designThese industrial and marketed under the trademarks Global™, GlobalIndustrial.com™ and Nexel™ Relius™, Paramount™ and Interion™. Industrial products accounted for 63%, 61% and 56% of our net sales from continuing operations in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.



On January 30, 2015, IPG completed its acquisition of the Plant Equipment Group, a business-to-business direct marketer of MRO products, from TAKKT America for $25.9 million in cash; post-closing working capital adjustments were de minimis. This acquisition expanded the Company’s regional footprint and its market share.

Europe Technology Products Group

ETG sells information and communication technology ("ICT") products and consumer electronics ("CE"). These products are marketed primarily in France and to a much lesser extent Belgium. Substantially all of these products are manufactured by other companies. On March 24, 2017 the CompanySome products are manufactured for us and sold its SARL Businessesas a white label product, and its continuing ETG operations now only include those in France. Prior year comparatives will include France and the divested German operations which was sold in September 2016. France accounted for approximately 37%, 37% and 32% (excluding sales of the sold Germany operations in 2016 and 2015) of our net sales from continuing operations in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

In September 2016 the Company sold certain assets of its Misco Germany operations which had been reported as part of its ETG segment.  As this disposition was not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-08, prior and current year results of the German operationssome are presented within continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales of Misco Germany included in continuing operations were $33.9 million and the net loss, including approximately $1.7 million of intercompany charges, was $6.4 million.

In both of these above mentioned product groups, we offer our customers a broad selection of products, prompt order fulfillment and extensive customer service.

Corporate and other

At December 31, 2016, the Company sold all of its issued and outstanding membership interests of its rebate processing business which had been reported as part of its Corporate and Other (“Corporate”) segment.  As this disposition was also not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-08, prior and current year results of the rebate processing business are presented within continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales of the rebate processing business included in continuing operations were $3.7 million and the net loss was $2.3 million. The Company recorded a gain on this sale of approximately $3.9 million.
North American Technology Products Group

As discussed above, the Company sold certain B2B assets of NATG in December 2015 and substantially completed wind-down activities in 2016.  The NATG segment sold primarily ICT and CE products.  These products were marketed in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. Most of these products were manufactured by other companies; however the Company did offer a selection of products that were manufactured to our own designsdesign and marketed on aas private label basis.  NATG sales included in continuing operations in 2017brand products under the trademarks: Global™, GlobalIndustrial.com™, Nexel™, Paramount™, Interion™ and 2016 were 0% and 8% in 2015 of our net sales.Absocold™.

Discontinued Operations


As discussed above, for 2017 and prior year periods theThe Company's discontinued operations include the results of the SARL businesses sold in March 2017 and the NATGNorth American Technology Group ("NATG") business sold in December 2015. Total net sales for the discontinued operations were $117.0 million, $521.6 million2015 (see Note 1 and $1.7 billion for the years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  See Note 2 and 108 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 15Consolidated Financial Statements).
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Table of this Form 10-K for additional financial information about our business segments as well as information about our geographic operations.Contents


Operating Conditions


The North American industrial products market is highly fragmented and we compete against companies in multiple distribution channels. The ETG market for computerIndustrial products and electronics is subject to intense price competition and is characterized by narrow gross profit margins. In both IPG and ETG, distribution is working capital intensive, requiring us to incur significant costs associated with the warehousing of many products, including the costs of maintaining inventory, leasing warehouse space, inventory management systems and employing personnel to perform the associated tasks. We supplement our on-hand product availability by maintaining relationships with major distributors and manufacturers, utilizing a combination of stock and drop-shipment fulfillment.


The primary component of our operating expenses historically has been employee-related costs, which includes items such as wages, commissions, bonuses, employee benefits and equity basedequity-based compensation, as well as marketing expenses, primarily


comprised of digital marketing spend, and occupancy related charges associated with our leased distribution and call center facilities. We continually assess our operations to ensure that they are efficient, aligned with market conditions and responsive to customer needs.

In the discussion of our results of operations we refer to business to business channel sales and period to period constant currency comparisons. Sales in IPG, ETG and Corporate and other are considered to be B2B sales.  In the NATG business, we had considered business to business (“B2B”) channel sales to be sales made direct to other businesses and government /public sector entities through managed business relationships, outbound call centers and extranets. Consumer (“B2C”) channel sales were sales from retail stores, consumer websites, inbound call centers and television shopping channels.  Constant currency refers to the adjustment of the results of our foreign operations to exclude the effects of period to period fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. Certain accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. These judgments are based on historical experience, observation of trends in the industry, information provided by customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Management believes that full consideration has been given to all relevant circumstances that we may be subject to, and the consolidated financial statements of the Company accurately reflect management’s best estimate of the consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company for the years presented. We identify below a number of policies that entail significant judgments or estimates, the assumptions and or judgments used to determine those estimates and the potential effects on reported financial results if actual results differ materially from these estimates.

Accounting policyAssumptions and uncertaintiesQuantification and analysis of effect on actual results if estimates differ materially
Revenue Recognition. We recognize product sales when persuasive evidence of an order arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Generally, these criteria are met at the time of receipt by customers when title and risk of loss both are transferred, except in our IPG segment where title and risk pass at time of shipment. Sales are presented net of returns and allowances, rebates and sales incentives.  Reserves for estimated returns and allowances are provided when sales are recorded, based on historical experience and current trends.
Our revenue recognition policy contains assumptions and judgments made by management related to the timing and amounts of future sales returns. Sales returns are estimated based upon historical experience and current known trends.
We have not made any material changes to our sales return reserve policy in the past four years and we do not anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the future. However if our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material gain or loss adjustment.


Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect our estimate of the collectability of our trade accounts receivable. While bad debt allowances have been within expectations and the provisions established, there can be no guarantee that we will continue to experience the same allowance rate we have in the past.
Our allowance for doubtful accounts policy contains assumptions and judgments made by management related to collectability of aged accounts receivable and chargebacks from credit card sales. We evaluate the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors, including an analysis of the age of customer accounts and our historical experience with accounts receivable write-offs. The analysis also includes the financial condition of a specific customer or industry, and general economic conditions.  In circumstances where we are aware of customer credit card charge-backs or a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific reserve for bad debts applicable to amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount management reasonably believes will be collected is recorded. In those situations with ongoing discussions, the amount of bad debt recognized is based on the status of the discussions.
We have not made any material changes to our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable reserve policy in the past four years and we do not anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the future. However if our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material gain or loss adjustment.
A change of 10% in our allowance for doubtful accounts reserve at December 31, 2017 would impact net income by approximately $0.2 million.
Inventory valuation.  We value our inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value; cost being determined on the first-in, first-out method except in France where an average cost is used. Excess and obsolete or unmarketable merchandise are written down based on historical experience, assumptions about future product demand and market conditions. If market conditions are less favorable than projected or if technological developments result in accelerated obsolescence, additional write-downs may be required. While obsolescence and resultant markdowns have been within expectations, there can be no guarantee that we will continue to experience the same level of markdowns we have in the past.
Our inventory reserve policy contains assumptions and judgments made by management related to inventory aging, obsolescence, credits that we may obtain for returned merchandise, shrink and consumer demand.
We have not made any material changes to our inventory reserve policy in the past four years and we do not anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the future. However if our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material loss adjustment.
A change of 10% in our inventory reserves at December 31, 2017 would impact net income by approximately $0.2 million.


Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We apply the provisions of relevant accounting guidance in our valuation of goodwill, trademarks, domain names, client lists and other intangible assets. Relevant accounting guidance requires that goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles be reviewed at least annually for impairment or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The amount of an impairment loss would be recognized as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.
Our impairment testing involves judgments and uncertainties, quantitative and qualitative, related to the use of discounted cash flow models and forecasts of future results, both of which involve significant judgment and may not be reliable. Significant management judgment is necessary to evaluate the operating environment and economic conditions that exist to develop a forecast for a reporting unit. Assumptions related to the discounted cash flow models we use include the inputs used to determine the Company’s weighted average cost of capital including a market risk premium, the beta of a reporting unit, reporting unit specific risk premiums and terminal growth values. Critical assumptions related to the forecast inputs used in our discounted cash flow models include projected sales growth, gross margin percentages, new business opportunities, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and growth in selling, general and administrative expense. We also use our Company's market capitalization and comparable company market data to validate our reporting unit valuations.
We have not made any material changes to our goodwill policy in the past four years and we do not anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the future.
In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company conducted an evaluation of certain intangible assets of its Mexico operation in its IPG segment and concluded that they were impaired and a charge of $0.1 million, pre-tax was recorded. In our discontinued ETG segment, impairment charges of $0.3 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2016, related to impairment of intangible assets in the United Kingdom.

We have approximately, in aggregate, $14.5 million in goodwill and intangible assets at December 31, 2017.  We do not believe it is reasonably likely that the estimates or assumptions used to determine whether any of our remaining goodwill or intangible assets are impaired will change materially in the future. However if the inputs used in our discounted cash flow models or our forecasts are materially different than actual experience we could incur impairment charges that are material.
Long-lived Assets. Management exercises judgment in evaluating our long-lived assets for impairment and in their depreciation and amortization methods and lives including evaluating undiscounted cash flows.
The impairment analysis for long lived assets requires management to make judgments about useful lives and to estimate fair values of long lived assets. It may also require us to estimate future cash flows of related assets using discounted cash flow model. Our estimates of future cash flows involve assumptions concerning future operating performance and economic conditions. While we believe that our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such cash flows could materially affect our evaluations.
We have not made any material changes to our long lived assets policy in the past four years and we do not anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the future.
In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company, after conducting an evaluation of the long-lived assets in its United Kingdom operations, recorded an impairment charge of $1.7 million within ETG discontinued operations segment.
We do not believe it is reasonably likely that the estimates and assumptions used to determine long lived asset impairment will vary materially in the future. However if our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material gain or loss adjustment.
A change of 10% in the carrying value of our long lived assets would impact net income by approximately $1.5 million.


Vendor Accruals. Our contractual agreements with certain suppliers provide us with funding or allowances for costs such as price protection, markdowns and advertising as well as funds or allowances for purchasing volumes.
Generally, allowances received as a reimbursement of identifiable costs are recorded as an expense reduction when the cost is incurred. Sales related allowances are generally determined by our level of purchases of product and are deferred and recorded as a reduction of inventory carrying value and are ultimately included as a reduction of cost of goods when inventory is sold.
Management makes assumptions and exercises judgment in estimating period end funding and allowances earned under our various agreements. Estimates are developed based on the terms of our vendor agreements and using existing expenditures for which funding is available, determining products whose market price would indicate coverage for markdown or price protection is available and estimating the level of our performance under agreements that provide funds or allowances for purchasing volumes. Estimates of funding or allowances for purchasing volume will include projections of annual purchases which are developed using current actual purchase data and historical purchase trends. Accruals in interim periods could be materially different if actual purchase volumes differ from projections.
We have not made any material changes to our vendor accrual policy in the past four years nor do we anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the future.
If actual results are different from the projections used we could have a material gain or loss adjustment.
A change of 10% in our vendor accruals at December 31, 2017 would impact net income by approximately $0.4 million.
Income Taxes. We are subject to taxation from federal, state and foreign jurisdictions and the determination of our tax provision is complex and requires significant management judgment.
We conduct operations in numerous U.S. states and foreign locations. Our effective tax rate depends upon the geographic distribution of our pre-tax income or losses among locations with varying tax rates and rules. As the geographic mix of our pre-tax results among various tax jurisdictions changes, the effective tax rate may vary from period to period. We are also subject to periodic examination from domestic and foreign tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These examinations include questions regarding the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. We establish as needed, and periodically reevaluate, an estimated income tax reserve on our consolidated balance sheet to provide for the possibility of adverse outcomes in income tax proceedings. While management believes that we have identified all reasonably identifiable exposures and whether or not a reserve is appropriate, it is possible that additional exposures exist and/or that exposures may be settled at amounts different than the amounts reserved.
The determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances that might be necessary requires management to make significant judgments concerning the ability to realize net deferred tax assets. The realization of our net deferred tax assets is significantly dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income there are judgments and uncertainties related to the development of forecasts of future results that may not be reliable. Significant management judgment is also necessary to evaluate the operating environment and economic conditions that exist to develop a forecast for a reporting unit. Where management has determined that it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized, we have provided a valuation allowance. If the realization of those deferred tax assets in the future is considered more likely than not, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would increase net income in the period such determination is made.
We have not made any material changes to our income tax policy in the past four years and we do not anticipate making any material changes to this policy in the near future.

We do not believe it is reasonably likely that the estimates or assumptions used to determine our deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances will change materially in the future. However if our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material gain or loss adjustment. 

In 2017 the Company recorded approximately $10.8 million in tax expense related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets as a result of tax law changes in the U.S. and France. The Company also recorded approximately $5.2 million in tax expense, also related to tax reform in the U.S., for taxes on undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries. This tax was also offset by the utilization of net operating losses (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


Special charges.  We have recorded reorganization, restructuring and other charges in the past and could in the future commence further reorganization, restructuring and other activities which result in recognition in charges to income.
The recording of reorganization, restructuring and other charges may involve assumptions and judgments about future costs and timing for amounts  related to personnel terminations, stay bonuses, lease termination costs, lease sublet revenues, outplacement services, contract termination costs, asset impairments and other exit costs. Management may estimate these costs using existing contractual and other data or may rely on third party expert data.
When we incur a liability related to these actions, we estimate and record all appropriate expenses. We do not believe it is reasonably likely that the estimates or assumptions used to determine our reorganization, restructuring and other charges will change materially in the future. However if our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material gain or loss adjustment.
The Company recorded special charges of $0.3 million, $3.9 million and $26.9 million in continuing operations related to reorganization, restructuring and asset impairment and other charges for the years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


Recently Adopted and Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Public companies in the United States are subject to the accounting and reporting requirements of various authorities, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These authorities issue numerous pronouncements, most of which are not applicable to the Company’s current or reasonably foreseeable operating structure. Below are the new authoritative pronouncements that management believes are relevant to the Company’s current operations.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers to transfer goods and services. The FASB has subsequently issued additional, clarifying standards to address issues arising from implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. The new revenue recognition standard and clarifying standards are effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018. The new standards are required to be adopted using either a full-retrospective or a modified-retrospective approach. The Company will adopt these standards using the modified-retrospective approach beginning on January 1, 2018. The Company has completed its impact assessment and does not anticipate a material impact to total revenues in the consolidated statements of operations, accounting policies, business processes, internal controls or disclosures.


In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 related to leases that outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model and supersedes the current lease guidance. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The new guidance must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach and will be effective for the Company starting in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which modifies certain accounting aspects for share-based payments to employees including, among other elements, the accounting for income taxes and forfeitures, as well as classifications in the statement of cash flows.  The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017 and its adoption did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations when implemented in the first quarter of 2017. Under this guidance, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement rather than paid-in capital, which is a change required to be applied on a prospective basis in accordance with the new guidance. We adopted the cash flow presentation that requires presentation of excess tax benefits within operating activities on a prospective basis. Accordingly, for the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded discrete income tax benefits in the consolidated statement of operations of approximately $0.8 million, for excess tax benefits related to equity compensation. Additional amendments to the accounting for income taxes and minimum statutory withholding tax requirements had no impact on our results of operations. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares is disclosed in our consolidated statement of cash flows and has been applied retrospectively. Cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares was immaterial for 2016 and 2015.



In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the second step from the goodwill impairment test. An entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity will recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, but the loss cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this pronouncement.


Highlights from 2017


The discussion of our results of operations and financial condition that follows will provide information that will assist in understanding our financial statements, the factors that we believe may affect our future results and financial condition as well as information about how certain accounting policies and estimates affect the consolidated financial statements.

The Company has elected to omit discussion of the earliest year presented, December 31, 2021, in MD&A. This discussion can be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2023.

Business Outlook

As we enter 2024, we believe we have the right plan in place to build upon the progress of the last year. Initiatives across the business are designed to elevate and highlight Global Industrial’s position as an indispensable business partner, and the value we bring every day to our customers. Investments in key performance areas are designed to strengthen our competitive position, drive operational efficiencies, and help us capture share.


23

Table of Contents

Highlights from 2023 vs. 2022

The following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition will provide information that will assist in understanding our financial statements and information about how certain accounting principles and estimates affect the consolidated financial statements. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included herein.


IPGConsolidated sales increased 10.6%9.3% to $791.8 million$1.27 billion in U.S. dollars compared to $1.17 billion last year. Excluding Indoff, sales declined 0.7% as compared to the year ago period and operating profit increased 102.9% to $69.6 million. On a constant currency basis,0.3% on an average daily sales increased 11.0%basis*.
ETG sales increased 5.0%Consolidated gross margin declined to $473.6 million and operating profit increased 69.0%34.2 % compared to $24.5 million. On a constant currency basis, average daily sales increased 3.8%36.1% last year. Excluding Indoff, gross margin was 35.5%.
Consolidated operating income grew 157.4%from continuing operations decreased 8.3% to $71.3$96.5 million compared to $27.7$105.2 million last year. Excluding Indoff, operating income was $90.8 million, a decrease of 13.7%.
Net income per diluted share from continuing operations decreased 9.8% to $1.84 compared to $2.04 last year.


*Average daily sales is calculated based upon the number of selling days in each period, with Canadian sales converted to US dollars using the current year's average exchange rate. There were 253 selling days in the prior year.U.S. in 2023 compared to 254 selling days in 2022 and 250 selling days in Canada in 2023 compared to 251 selling days in 2022.







24

Table of Contents



GAAP Results of Operations(1)


Key Performance Indicators*Indicators (in millions):
 Years Ended December 31,Change
 202320222023 vs. 2022
Results of continuing operations:   
Consolidated net sales$1,274.3 $1,166.1 9.3 %
Consolidated gross profit$435.8 $421.2 3.5 %
Consolidated gross margin34.2 %36.1 %(1.9)%
Consolidated SD&A costs$339.3 $316.0 7.4 %
Consolidated SD&A costs as % of sales
26.6 %27.1 %(0.5)%
Consolidated operating income$96.5 $105.2 (8.3)%
Consolidated operating margin from continuing operations:7.6 %9.0 %(1.4)%
Effective income tax rate25.7 %24.8 %0.9 %
Net income from continuing operations$70.7 $78.1 (9.5)%
Net margin from continuing operations5.5 %6.7 %(1.2)%
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax$0.0 $0.7 (100.0)%
1
Global Industrial Company manages its business and reports using a 52-53 week fiscal year that ends at midnight on the Saturday closest to December 31.  For clarity of presentation, fiscal years are described as if they ended on the last day of the respective calendar month.  Fiscal years 2023 and 2022 ended on December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fiscal years ended 2023 and 2022 included 52 weeks.



25

 Years Ended December 31, 
 2017 2016 2015 
% Change
2017/2016
 
% Change
2016/2015
 
Net sales of continuing operations by segment:          
IPG$791.8
 $715.6
 $698.6
 10.6
%2.4
%
ETG473.6
 451.1
 441.7
 5.0
%2.1
%
Corporate and Other
 3.6
 5.4
 (100.0)%(33.3)%
NATG- continuing operations
 
 97.8
 
%(100.0)%
Consolidated net sales$1,265.4
 $1,170.3
 $1,243.5
 8.1
%(5.9)%
Consolidated gross profit$351.4
 $307.9
 $310.5
 14.1
%(0.8)%
Consolidated gross margin27.8
%26.3
%25.0
%1.5
%1.3
%
Consolidated SD&A costs**$280.1
 $280.2
 $314.0
 
%(10.8)%
Consolidated SD&A costs** as % of sales
22.1
%23.9
%25.3
%(1.8)%(1.4)%
           
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations by segment:
 
  
  
  
  
 
IPG$69.6
 $34.3
 $43.7
 102.9
%(21.5)%
ETG24.5
 14.5
 13.0
 69.0
%11.5
%
Corporate and Other(22.2) (18.3) (22.0) (21.3)%16.8
%
NATG – continuing operations(0.6) (2.8) (38.2) 78.6
%92.7
%
Consolidated operating income (loss)$71.3
 $27.7
 $(3.5) 157.4
%891.4
%
Operating margin from continuing operations by segment:**
 
  
  
  
  
 
IPG8.8
%4.8
%6.3
%4.0
%(1.5)%
ETG5.2
%3.2
%2.9
%2.0
%0.3
%
Consolidated operating margin from continuing operations5.6
%2.4
%(0.3)%3.2
%2.7
%
Effective income tax rate (benefit) from continuing operations(7.5)%35.2
%NM
%
 NM
%
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$76.1
 $16.9
 $(24.0) 350.3
%170.4
%
Net margin from continuing operations6.0
%1.4
%(1.9)%4.6
%3.3
%
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax$(35.7) $(49.5) $(75.8) 27.9
%(34.7)%
*excludes discontinued operations (See Note 3Table of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).Contents
** includes special charges, net (See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
NM=not meaningful


Non-GAAP Results of Operations
Supplemental Non-GAAP Continuing Operation Business Unit Summary Results-Unaudited
Industrial Products Group
 Year Ended December 31,% Change
2017201620152017 vs. 20162016 vs. 2015
Sales$791.8
$715.6
$698.6
10.6 %2.4 %
Average daily sales*$3.1
$2.8
2.7
11.1 %3.6%
Gross profit$273.2
$233.3
$228.7
17.1 %2.0 %
Gross margin34.5%32.6%32.7% 
 
Operating income$70.9
$35.2
$44.0
101.4 %(25.0)%
Operating margin9.0%4.9%6.3% 
 
European Technology Products Group (France)
 Year Ended December 31,% Change
2017201620152017 vs. 20162016 vs. 2015
Sales$473.6
$417.2
$382.6
13.5 %9.0 %
Average daily sales**$1.9
$1.6
1.5
14.4 %10.3%
Gross profit$78.2
$69.7
$62.5
12.2 %11.5 %
Gross margin16.5%16.7%16.3% 
 
Operating income$25.1
$19.6
$16.0
28.1 %22.5 %
Operating margin5.3%4.7%4.2% 
 
Corporate & Other
 Year Ended December 31,% Change
2017201620152017 vs. 20162016 vs. 2015
Operating loss$(20.9)$(18.9)$(21.3)(10.6)%11.3 %
Consolidated
 Year Ended December 31,% Change
2017201620152017 vs. 20162016 vs. 2015
Sales$1,265.4
$1,132.8
$1,081.2
11.7 %4.8 %
Gross profit$351.4
$303.0
$291.2
16.0 %4.1 %
Gross margin27.8%26.7%26.9% 
 
Operating income$75.1
$35.9
$38.7
109.2 %(7.2)%
Operating margin5.9%3.2%3.6% 
 
*Percentages are calculated using sales data in hundreds of thousands. For the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, IPG had 253, 254 and 257 selling days, respectively and France had 251, 253 and 256 selling days, respectively.
**Percentages are calculated using sales data excluding Misco Germany, in hundreds of thousands.

1 On December 1, 2015 the Company closed on the sale of certain assets of its North American Technology Group (“NATG”).  Pursuant to this transaction, the Company continues to wind down the remaining operations of NATG during 2017.  In the GAAP presentation, the retail operations which were discontinued by the Company prior to the transaction, along with allocations of common distribution and back office costs, are presented as part of the Company’s continuing operations for all periods; other NATG operations that were sold (as well as the remaining retail operations that existed at the time of the transaction (and were subsequently discontinued by the Company) are presented as discontinued operations for all periods.  The non-GAAP results reflect the entire NATG segment as a discontinued operation for all periods presented as well as adjustments for non-recurring items, intangible amortization, equity compensation and a normalized effective tax rate in recurring operations.  On September 2, 2016 the Company closed on the sale of certain assets of its Misco Germany operation which has been reported as part of its European Technology Products Group. Prior and current year results of Germany have been eliminated in the non-GAAP presentation.   On December 31, 2016 the Company closed on the sale of its Afligo rebate processing business.  Prior and current year results of the rebate processing business, along with the associated gain on the sale, have been eliminated in the non-GAAP presentation.  On March 24, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of its European Technology Group businesses, other than its operations in France.  Prior and current year results of these divested businesses, along with the associated loss on the sale, have been classified as discontinued operations in both the GAAP and non-GAAP presentation. The Company believes that the non-


GAAP presentation conveys additional more meaningful information to investor as it depicts the operations that are currently generating sales and that will continue to do so in future periods.  See accompanying GAAP reconciliation tables.

SYSTEMAX INC.
Reconciliation of Segment and Consolidated GAAP Net Sales from Continuing Operations to Segment and Consolidated Non-GAAP Net Sales from Continuing Operations - Unaudited
(In millions)
 Year Ended
December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Industrial Products$791.8
 $715.6
 $698.6
Technology Products - Europe473.6
 451.1
 441.7
NATG - continuing operations
 
 97.8
Corporate and Other
 3.6
 5.4
GAAP Net Sales1,265.4
 1,170.3
 1,243.5
 

 

  
Non-GAAP adjustments:

 

  
Technology Products - Europe:

 

  
Reverse results of Germany included in GAAP Net Sales
 (33.9) (59.1)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Technology Products Europe
 (33.9) (59.1)
 

 

  
Technology Products - NA:     
Reverse results of Germany included in GAAP Net Sales
 
 (97.8)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Technology Products NA
 
 (97.8)
      
Corporate and Other:

 

  
Reverse results of Afligo included in GAAP Net Sales
 (3.6) (5.4)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Corporate and Other
 (3.6) (5.4)
 

 

  
Industrial Products791.8
 715.6
 698.6
Technology Products-Europe473.6
 417.2
 382.6
NATG - continuing operations
 
 
Corporate and Other
 
 
Non-GAAP Net Sales$1,265.4
 $1,132.8
 $1,081.2















SYSTEMAX INC.
Reconciliation of Segment and Consolidated GAAP Gross Profit from Continuing Operations to Segment and Consolidated Non-GAAP Gross Profit from Continuing Operations - Unaudited
(In millions)
  Year Ended
December 31,
  2017 2016 2015
Industrial Products $273.2
 $233.3
 $228.7
Technology Products - Europe 78.2
 73.0
 67.4
Technology Products - NA 
 
 10.5
Corporate and Other 
 1.6
 3.9
GAAP Gross Profit 351.4
 307.9
 310.5
  

 

  
Non-GAAP adjustments: 

 

  
Technology Products - Europe: 

 

  
Reverse results of Germany included in GAAP Gross Profit 
 (3.3) (5.0)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Technology Products Europe 
 (3.3) (5.0)
  

 

  
Technology Products - NA:      
Reverse results of NATG included in GAAP Gross Profit 
 
 (10.5)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Technology Products NA 
 
 (10.5)
       
Corporate and Other: 

 

  
Reverse results of Afligo included in GAAP Gross Profit 
 (1.6) (3.9)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Corporate and Other 
 (1.6) (3.9)
  

 

  
Industrial Products 273.2
 233.3
 228.7
Technology Products- Europe 78.2
 69.7
 62.4
Technology Products - NA 
 
 
Corporate and Other 
 
 
Non-GAAP Gross Profit $351.4
 $303.0
 $291.1



SYSTEMAX INC.
Reconciliation of Segment GAAP Operating Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations to Non-GAAP
Operating Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations - Unaudited
(In millions)

 Year Ended December 31,
 2017
 2016
 2015
Industrial Products$69.6
 $34.3
 $43.7
Technology Products - Europe24.5
 14.5
 13.0
Technology Products - NA(0.6) (2.8) (38.2)
Corporate and Other(22.2) (18.3) (22.0)
GAAP operating income (loss)71.3
 27.7
 (3.5)
Non-GAAP adjustments: 
  
  
Industrial Products: 
  
  
Integration costs
 
 1.0
Intangible asset amortization1.0
 0.5
 0.3
Stock-based and other special compensation0.3
 0.4
 (1.0)
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments – Industrial Products1.3
 0.9
 0.3
      
Technology Products - Europe: 
  
  
Reverse results of Germany operations0.5
 4.7
 3.0
Intangible asset amortization0.1
 0.4
 
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Technology Products Europe0.6
 5.1
 3.0
      
Technology Products - NA: 
  
  
Reverse results of NATG included in GAAP continuing operations0.6
 2.8
 38.2
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Technology Products NA0.6
 2.8
 38.2
      
Corporate and Other: 
  
  
Gain on sale of Afligo
 (3.9) 
Reverse results of Afligo included in GAAP continuing operations
 2.2
 0.1
Stock based compensation1.3
 1.1
 0.6
Total Non-GAAP Adjustments: Corporate and Other1.3
 (0.6) 0.7
      
Industrial Products70.9
 35.2
 44.0
Technology Products - Europe25.1
 19.6
 16.0
Technology Products - NA
 
 
Corporate and Other(20.9) (18.9) (21.3)
Non-GAAP operating income$75.1
 $35.9
 $38.7


Management’s discussion and analysis that follows will include IPG, ETG, NATG continuingcurrent operations and ETG and NATG discontinued operations. The discussion is based upon the GAAP Results of Operations table.


NET SALES

SEGMENTS:


The IPG segment net sales benefited in 2017 from continued growth across both its U.S. and Canadian core business categories including material handling, HVAC, and storage solutions.  IPG U.S. revenue was up 10.3% for the year while Canada sales were up approximately 18.0% on a constant currency basis. Increased sales included both new customer acquisition as well as increased penetration of existing customer accounts while the US also benefited from a strengthening macro economic environment.

The IPG segment net sales benefited in 2016 from continued growth across its U.S. core business categories including material handling, HVAC and furniture. IPG U.S. revenue was up 3.3% for the year while Canada sales were down approximately 10.3% on a constant currency basis. Increased sales headcount in various customer facing roles as well as increased e-commerce revenue contributed to the increased sales. On a constant currency basis and excluding the January 2015 P.E.G. acquisition, average daily sales grew 2.8%.

The ETG segment, comprising France and the divested German operations, net sales increase in 2017 and 2016 is primarily attributable to growth across our product categories and customer segments, led by growth in our large key accounts in our France operations.   France was awarded and fulfilled many large tenders for Government and Education in both 2017 and 2016. On a constant currency basis,Company's net sales increased 3.0%9.3% to $1.27 billion compared to $1.17 billion in 2022, benefiting from the Indoff acquisition on May 19, 2023. Excluding sales contributed by Indoff, full year and average daily sales increased 3.8% in 2017decreased 0.7% and 0.3%, respectively, compared to 2016 and net sales increased 2.6% and average daily sales increased 3.3%prior year reflecting the soft demand environment experienced in 2016 compared to 2015. Excluding divested Germany operations, on a constant currency basis, net sales increased 11.3% and average daily sales increased 12.2% in 2017 compared to 2016 and net sales increased 9.6% and average daily sales increased 10.3% in 2016 compared to 2015. The Corporate and Other segment net sales decrease in 2017 compared to 2016 is attributable to the divestiture of the rebate processing business in 2016 and 2016 compared to 2015 is attributable to the decrease in the rebate processing business which was impacted by the exit from our NATG operations in 2015.

Sales in NATG continuing operations represent the sales of the retail stores closed during the first half of 2015. NATG discontinued operations net2023 which improved as we continued through the year. Sales increased 4.1% in the second half of 2023 which benefited by our second consecutive quarter of revenue growth in the fourth quarter, which improved 5.1% over the prior year. The Company's sales totaled $0.0 million, $11.8 million (liquidation sales)reflect a leading performance by our web business, strong customer acquisition, and $1.0 billion for 2017, 2016growth in our public sector sales group partially offset by lower price capture associated with passing through lowering costs of inbound transportation. Our private brand offering continued to represent approximately 50% of total sales, down slightly from prior year associated with improved volume offset by lower price capture. U.S. sales, including Indoff, increased 10.2% compared to the full year of 2022 and 2015, respectively.Canada sales declined 5.3%, 1.7% in local currency.


ETG discontinued operations net sales totaled $117.0 million, $509.8 millionThere were 253 selling days in the U.S. in 2023 compared to 254 selling days in 2022 and $611.2 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.250 selling days in Canada in 2023 compared to 251 selling days in 2022.



GROSS MARGIN


Gross margin is dependent on variables such as product mix including sourcing and category, vendor price protection and other sales incentives, competition, pricing strategy, cooperative advertising funds classifiedvendor volume rebates, freight pricing decisions including the use of free or other promotional freight plans, freight cost inflation including both domestic outbound freight as a reduction to cost of sales, freewell as international inbound ocean freight, inventory valuation and freight discounting arrangementsobsolescence and other variables, any or all of which may result in fluctuations in gross margin.  As previously disclosed

Gross margin was 34.2% compared to 36.1% in the second quarterprior year, a 190 basis point reduction, reflecting the inclusion of 2017 and for all periods presented, the presentation of expenses associated with the cost of warehouse operations as well as with Purchasing and Product Development personnel are reflected within Selling, Distribution and Administrative expenses, rather than as a component of cost of sales as historically had been presented.

The IPG segmentIndoff's lower gross margin improved 190profile. Excluding Indoff, gross margin was 35.5%, a 60 basis points in 2017reduction compared to prior year reflecting both increased productthe impact of planned proactive promotions and freight margins. Product margin improvements were driven by a shift in sourcing mix towards stocked items, which typically have lower relative cost, and away from drop shipped products which typically have a higher relative cost,actions, as well as, due to strategic pricing adjustments which allowed for higher selling prices while remaining competitive. Freightthe sell through of certain high cost inventory products, specifically within our cooling category. The Company's margin improvements were primarily associatedreflects a nearly 40 basis point and 10 basis point benefit in the fourth quarter of 2023 and fiscal year 2023, respectively, from a one-time settlement with a reductionformer less-than-truckload ("LTL") freight partner. In 2022 gross margin benefited from strong price realization and lower inventory cost flow through, both of free or fixedwhich have now waned in 2023.

Management of our margin profile remains a key focus for the Company. Performance will continue to reflect the impact of proactive promotion and freight offeringsactions as part of our competitive pricing initiatives, as well as, the impact of Indoff's lower gross margin profile on consolidated gross margin. The Company may also experience margin variability in future periods due to better distribution network utilization as we completed our warehouse management system conversion project early in the year. In addition, the year over year improvement also consists of a negative inventory adjustment of $1.7 million recognized in the second quarter of 2016 which had been identified when converting the warehouse management systems.current economic environment, inflationary pressures and historical seasonality.

The IPG segment gross margin declined 10 basis points in 2016 compared to 2015 reflecting flat product margins, decreased freight margins and increased warehouse staffing cost due to incremental temporary labor to ensure our customer service levels are maintained during the transition to our new warehouse management and distribution system, which was completed in the first half of 2017.



The ETG segment gross margin improved 30 basis points compared to 2016 and improved 90 basis points comparing 2016 to 2015 reflecting a shift in customer mix and large deals, offset by the category mix. ETG segment gross margin, excluding the Germany operations, decreased 20 basis points compared to 2016 reflecting a product mix more weighted toward client devices that carry lower margins as well as a shift in customer mix. ETG segment gross margin, excluding the Germany operations, increased 40 basis points compared to 2015 primarily the result of changes in the sales mix related to both product and customers in our France business.



SELLING, DISTRIBUTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES (“SD&A”), EXCLUDING SPECIAL CHARGES


Consolidated selling,Selling, distribution and administrative expenses totaled $279.8 million, $276.3$339.3 million and $287.1$316.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162023 and 2015,2022, respectively.


Within the second quarter of 2017 and for all periods presented, the presentation of expenses associated with the cost of warehouse operations as well as with Purchasing and Product Development personnel were modified to be reflected within Selling, Distribution and Administrative expenses, rather than as a component of cost of sales as had been historically presented before this change was adopted in the second quarter of 2017.

The IPG segment SD&A costs as a percentage of sales decreased in 2017 compared to 2016 as a result of improved leverage across significant cost areas such as marketing, general operating expenses and the cost benefit of a more streamlined employee base. In total IPG segment SD&A as a percentage of sales decreased by 210 basis points compared to 2016. In absolute dollars IPG incurred increased salary and related costs as well as temporary help costs of approximately $3.5 million, increased contract services, rent and related costs of approximately $1.2 million and increased depreciation expense of $0.3 million in 2017 compared to 2016 offset by savings in internet advertising spend of $1.6 million.  

The IPG segment SD&A costs as a percentage of sales increased 150 basis points in 2016 compared to 2015. Significant expense increases included approximately $4.6 million of increased salary and related costs of which $0.6 million related to the cost reduction strategies implemented in the second quarter of 2016, investments in the sales force, increased IT costs of approximately $2.9 million and increased net internet advertising spending of approximately $1.9 million as it continues to expand its online product offerings and its e-commerce presence.  Included in the IPG segment’s SD&A expenses is 12 months of P.E.G. costs compared to 11 months in the prior year.

The ETG segment SD&A costs as a percentage of sales improved 130approximately 50 basis points for 2017in 2023 compared to 20162022. SD&A primarily reflects the benefit of Indoff's lower cost structure as a resultwell as general cost controls within the organic business. Total compensation and related costs savings of leverageapproximately $4.6 million were realized, of fixed costs related to revenue and volume growth and the divestiture of the Germany operations in 2016. Of this improvement, 30 basis points waswhich approximately $4.8 million related to a one time contract settlement chargereduction in the second quartervariable incentive and equity compensation expenses related to performance and approximately $3.9 million of 2016decreased spend for temporary help. Offsetting these savings was approximately $1.6 million of $1.4 million. Other savingsincreased costs due to various severance arrangements and approximately $2.5 million of $2.8 million result from the elimination of shared service center charges as a result of the divestiture of the SARL Businesses offset by increasedother salary and related costs. Other additional costs included increased planned net marketing spend of $2.4approximately $7.0 million, approximately $1.0 million of acquisition related expenses and approximately $19.4 million of SD&A expenses related to Indoff, including $1.9 million of intangible asset amortization.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The Company's discontinued operations include the results of the NATG businesses sold in December 2015 (see Note 1 and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

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During 2023, the Company's discontinued operations net loss was de minimis as sublet income and resolution of certain liabilities offset the operating expenses incurred during the year.

During 2022, the Company recorded net income in its discontinued operations of approximately $0.7 million primarily related to a statutory profit sharing contribution and $0.6 million of increased internet advertising spend. The sale of the SARL Businesses required ETG to replace with in country personnel the functions handled by the shared service center in Hungary that was part of the sale. Excluding the Germany operations, SD&A costs as a percentage of sales improved 90 basis points compared to 2016.

The ETG segment SD&A costs as a percentage of sales increased 40 basis points for 2016 compared to 2015. Significant costs included $1.4 million of one time contract settlement charges previously mentioned, $1.1 million of increased internet and catalog advertising spend and catalog offset by reduced bad debt expense of approximately $0.4 million and rent costs of approximately $0.1 million. Excluding the Germany operations and the one time contract settlement charge previously mentioned, SD&A improved 30 basis points.

The Corporate and other segment SD&A costs increased in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily related to increased incentive compensation costs of approximately $1.4 million offset by the reduction in costs resulting from the sale of the rebate processing business in December 2016.

The Corporate and other segment SD&A costs decreased by approximately $5.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily attributable to the gain on the sale of the rebate processing business of $3.9 million, lower salary and related costs of approximately $1.9 million, savings within professional fees of approximately $0.9 million offset by increased IT costs of approximately $1.0 million.

NATG continuing operations SD&A expense for 2017 totaled $0.3 million primarily for utilities, telephone and legal fees, $0.6 million for 2016 primarily for utilities, telephone, repairs & maintenance, and $23.1 million for 2015 primarily for payroll costs,


credit card fees, rent and utilities.  NATG continuing operations SD&A expense is primarily payroll costs, credit card fees, rent and utilities.

ETG and NATG discontinued operations SD&A expense totaled $22.1 million, $96.9 million and $221.0 million for each of 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

SPECIAL CHARGES, NET

In 2017 the Company incurred special charges of $30.9 million, of which $0.3 million is included in continuing operations within the NATG segment and $30.6 million is included in discontinued operations within the ETG and NATG segments.

The Company’s ETG segment incurred special charges related to the sale of the SARL Businesses of approximately $23.7 million, which included an $8.2 million loss on the sale of net assets, $14.4 million of cumulative translation adjustments, $1.1 million of legal, professional and other costs, $0.8 million recovery from settlement of an outstanding obligation related to the sale, $0.3 million of severance and other personnel costs and $0.5 million of costs related to a transitional services agreement. Of these charges previously mentioned, $1.4 million required the use of cash.

The Company expects that total additional charges related to the sale of the SARL Businesses will be less than $1.0 million which will be presented in discontinued operations. Additional charges may be incurred in the discontinued SARL Businesses related to disputed statutory tax indemnities given at closing.

The Company’s NATG segment incurred special charges for the year ended December 31, 2017 of approximately $7.2 million, approximately $6.5 million related to updating our future lease cash flows expectations related to previously exited retail stores of $0.3 million, which is included in continuing operations, and $6.2 million in discontinued operations as these charges related to the distribution center and the NATG corporate headquarters and $0.7 million related to ongoing restitution proceedings against certain former NATG executives.
The Company incurred special charges for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $15.4 million within ETG and NATG segments, of which $3.9 million is included in continuing operations and $11.5 million is included in discontinued operations.

The Company’s ETG segment incurred special charges during 2016 of approximately $3.7 million, of which $1.7 million is included within continuing operations and $2.0 million is included within discontinued operations. The $1.7 million related to the saleresolution of certain assets of its German business, including customer relationships and the employees of its Misco Germany branch. The Germany operations charges incurred included approximately $1.0 million for lease termination costs (includes $0.3 million benefit related to previous rent accruals), $0.6 million for professional fees related to the sale and approximately $0.1 million for write off of inventory and fixed assets.  The $2.0 million of special charges, included within discontinued operations, related to impairment charges related to goodwill and long-lived assets in the United Kingdom operations.liabilities.

The Company’s NATG segment incurred special charges in 2016 of approximately $11.7 million, of which $2.2 million is included in continuing operations and $9.5 million is included in discontinued operations.  Charges incurred included approximately $10.9 million for lease terminations and other exit costs (includes $3.3 million benefit of previous rent accruals) for the closing of the two remaining retail stores, a distribution center and the NATG corporate headquarters in 2016, approximately $2.0 million of additional lease termination costs (includes $0.1 million benefit of previous rent accruals) of our previously exited retail stores (present value of contractual gross lease payments net of sublease rental income, or settlement amount), $0.6 million for consulting expenses related to the lease terminations and $0.2 million for severance and related expenses.

NATG also incurred approximately $1.3 million of professional costs, related to the ongoing restitution proceedings against certain former NATG executives and professional costs related to the investigation conducted at the request of the US Attorney for the Southern District of Florida.  These charges were offset by approximately $1.3 million received as a partial payment related to the investigation, settlement, prosecution, and restitution proceedings related to the former NATG executives, $1.1 million benefit related to the settlement of vendor obligations, $0.5 million received from auction proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and approximately $0.4 million received when the buyer of NATG. exercised its option to acquire the consumer customer lists and related information of the NATG business.

The Company incurred special charges for the year 2015 of approximately $29.5 million within the ETG, NATG and IPG segments, of which $26.9 million is included within continuing operations and $2.6 million is included within discontinued operations. These charges included approximately $25.6 million attributable to the NATG segment for severances and lease termination costs related to the closing of 31 retail stores and a warehouse during 2015. Other charges incurred in 2015 include costs for additional legal and professional fees related to the previously disclosed investigation and settlement with former officers and employees and long-lived asset impairment charges.



IPG recorded special charges of approximately $1.0 million in 2015, within continuing operations, related to severance costs associated with the integration of P.E.G. of $0.4 million and $0.6 million for lease termination costs related to one of their leased facilities.

Special charges incurred in the ETG segment in 2015, within continuing operations, related to impairment charges of $0.3 million related to the long-lived assets in our Germany operations. The impairment charges resulted from negative cash flows in 2015 and a forecast for continued cash use.

Special charges included in ETG and NATG discontinued operations in 2015 totaled approximately $2.6 million. ETG charges included $0.7 million related to the previously disclosed exit of the Chief Executive of the EMEA Technology operations and an impairment charge of $0.4 million related to the long-lived assets in Italy, Spain and Sweden operations. The impairment charge resulted from negative cash flows in 2015 and a forecast for continued cash use in these entities. A favorable severance accrual adjustment of $0.1 million was also recorded in 2015 in ETG. Special charges of $1.6 million was included in NATG discontinued operations.






OPERATING MARGIN


IPG'sThe Company's operating margin increase of 400declined 140 basis points in 20172023 compared to 2016 was2022, primarily driven by a combination of increased net sales, improvedthe gross margin rate, lowered digital marketing spend, as well as savings from salary reductions realized from certain actions taken in the first quarter of 2017. These improvements and cost reductions were partiallydecline offset by increased variable compensation resulting from the improved financial performance of the business.

IPG’s operating margin decrease of 150 basis pointssavings in 2016 reflects the increased expenses for the larger Las Vegas distribution center,  including temporary help to ensure our service level is maintained during our transition to our new warehouse management and distribution system, increased internet advertising spending to drive traffic, increased salary and related costs due to investments in sales force and customer service staff, partially offset by a reduction of back office headcount, which was completed in the second quarter of 2016, as well as approximately $1.7 million related to an inventory adjustment the Company gained visibility into during the IT system conversion in the second quarter of 2016.



ETG's operating margin increase of 200 basis points compared to 2016 was driven by leverage of ETG's cost structure as revenues grew in 2017 as well as the elimination of Germany operating losses which were $4.7 million for the year 2016 as the result of the sale of that business in September 2016. Excluding the Germany operations,SD&A expenses. In 2022, operating margin increased 70 basis points comparedprimarily due to 2016.the product mix shift to in stock and private brand products and efficiencies in our marketing efforts.



Consolidated operating margin was impacted by special charges of $0.3 million, $3.9 million and $26.9 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


INTEREST AND OTHER EXPENSE, NET


Included in interestInterest and other expense, (income), net infrom continuing operations is interest expensewas $1.1 million for 2023 and 2022. These costs reflect the outstanding loan balance, utilized to partially fund the Indoff acquisition in May 2023, which were repaid in the third quarter of $0.4 million, $0.7 million2023 and $1.0to partially fund inflationary inventory costs in 2022. The Company also recorded foreign exchange losses of approximately $0.2 million in 2017, 20162023 and 2015, respectively. The interest expense is attributable to decreasing balances owed on outstanding capital lease obligations and credit facility charges.$0.3 million in 2022.


INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("TCJA") was enacted in the United States. The TCJA significantly changes U.S. corporate tax impacts by, among other things, lowering the corporate tax rate to 21% from 35% effective January 1, 2018, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a one-time repatriation tax on previously untaxed, accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. As a result of the new tax law, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118"). SAB 118 allows companies to record the tax impacts of the new law as provisional amounts during


a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date of the new law. The Company has recognized a provisional amount for the one-time repatriation tax of approximately $5.2 million and has included this amount in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company expects to complete its analysis of the historical earnings and profits of all of its foreign subsidiaries and record any adjustment to the provisional amount within the one year measurement period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be in place in the year in which they are expected to reverse. As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its net deferred tax assets in the U.S. at December 31, 2017 and recorded tax expense of approximately $10.3 million. On December 31, 2017 the French Parliament adopted the Finance Law for 2018. Under this law, French corporate income tax rates are reduced from 33.33% to 25% over a five year period. As a result of the scheduled reductions in the French corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its French net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recorded tax expense of approximately $0.5 million.


The Company recorded net tax benefits fromexpense in continuing operations for 20172023 of $5.3$24.5 million, and net tax benefits from discontinued operations of $3.7 million. The net benefitor 25.7%. Tax expense from continuing operations was primarily the result of the provisional repatriation tax recorded and the deferred tax remeasurment expenses which were more than offset by the reversal of valuation allowances against the Company's U.S. federal and certain state deferred tax assets and the utilization of net operating losses against pretax income and the repatriation tax.


The Company’s tax (benefit) expense is presented in both continuing and discontinued operations in 2017, 2016 and 2015. Tax benefit included in continuing operations was approximately $5.3 million in 2017 compared to $9.2 million expense in 2016.

Tax expense included in continuing operations was approximately $12.3 million in 2015 driven primarily by tax expense in Canada, Puerto Rico and certain U.S. states in both 2016 and 2015.  The decrease in tax expense in 2016 is primarily attributable to lower tax expense in the U.S. and EMEA.India operations, including tax expense for certain U.S. states. Non-deductible expenses, including executive compensation, was approximately $2.5 million. The increase in the tax rate in 2023 as compared to 2022 is attributed to higher foreign taxable net income inclusion in the U.S. and additional state tax expense resulting from the acquisition of Indoff.



The Company recorded net tax expense in continuing operations for 2022 of $25.7 million, or 24.8%, and a net tax expense in discontinued operations of $0.2 million. Tax expense from continuing operations was primarily the result of pretax income in the U.S. and India operations, including tax expense for certain U.S. states. Non-deductible expenses, including executive compensation, was approximately $3.0 million. Tax expense in discontinued operations is attributed to pretax income recorded in the discontinued North American Technology Products Group business.



Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources


Selected liquidity data (in millions):

 December 31, 
 20232022$ Change
Cash and cash equivalents$34.4 $28.5 $5.9 
Accounts receivable, net$130.7 $108.0 $22.7 
Inventories$150.8 $179.4 $(28.6)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$13.9 $9.8 $4.1 
Accounts payable$111.0 $96.9 $14.1 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$49.1 $43.2 $5.9 
Short-term debt$0.0 0.6 $(0.6)
Operating lease liabilities$14.1 $12.4 $1.7 
Working capital$155.6 $172.6 $(17.0)





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 December 31,  
 2017 2016 $ Change
Cash$184.5
 $149.7
 $34.8
Accounts receivable, net$174.3
 $148.6
 $25.7
Inventories$131.5
 $116.7
 $14.8
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$3.8
 $3.9
 $(0.1)
Accounts payable$196.1
 $181.3
 $14.8
Dividend payable$55.7
 $
 $55.7
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$64.0
 $49.2
 $14.8
Working capital$178.3
 $186.2
 $(7.9)
Historical Cash Flows
 Year Ended December 31,
 20232022
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations$112.0 $49.8 
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations$0.0 $0.4 
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations$(76.2)$(7.1)
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations$(29.7)$(29.7)
Effects of exchange rates on cash$(0.2)$(0.3)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents$5.9 $13.1 

Our primary liquidity needs are to support working capital requirements in our business, including the wind-down activities of the NATG and ETG businesses, funding recently declared and any future dividends, funding capital expenditures and inventory purchases, continuing investment in upgrading and expanding our technological capabilities specifically related to additional functionality and information technology infrastructure,enhanced navigation of our new web platform, continuing investment in upgrading our distribution footprint and funding acquisitions. We rely principally upon operating cash flowsflow and our credit facility to meet thesethose needs. We currently believe that current cash on hand, cash flow available from these sourcesoperations and our availability under our credit facilitiesfacility will be sufficient to fund our working capital and other cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. We believe our current capital structure and cash resources are adequate for our internal growth initiatives. To the extent our growth initiatives expand, including major acquisitions, we would seek to raise additional capital. We believe that, if needed, we can access public or private funding alternatives to raise additional capital.


Our working capital decreased due$17.0 million primarily related to declaration of dividends, increases inlower inventory balances and higher accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities balances compared to prior year.offset by increased accounts receivable and cash balances. Our inventory balance decrease is primarily associated with decreased cost of capitalized freight associated with normalizing costs of inbound ocean freight, as well as a reduction of safety stock levels, made possible by improved supply chain performance. Accounts receivable days outstanding were at 47.137.3 in 2017 down from 48.1 in 2016.  Inventory turns


were 7.4 in 20172023 compared to 8.038.3 in 20162022. Inventory turns were 5.3 in 2023 compared to 3.8 in 2022 and accounts payable days outstanding were 71.850.0 in 20172023 compared to 75.456.6 in 2016.2022. We expect that future accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable balances will fluctuate with net sales and the product mix of our net sales between consumer and business customers.sales.


Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $57.9$112.0 million resulting from changes in our working capital accounts, which used $8.3 million inattributable to cash compared to $50.7 million used in 2016, primarily the result of increased accounts receivable and inventory balances and the fluctuation in our accounts payable and accrued expenses balances. Cash generated from net income adjusted by other non-cash items which provided $66.2$85.3 million in 2023 compared to $27.1$88.0 million provided in 2022. This decrease is primarily the result of lower income in 2023 offset by these items in 2016, primarily related to the significant change in income from continuing operationsincreased depreciation and the change in the provision for deferred income taxes which reflects the reversal of certain valuation allowance account balances. Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $23.6 million in 2016 compared to $128.7 million during 2015, resulting fromamortization expenses. In addition, changes in our working capital accounts which used $50.7provided $26.7 million in 20162023 compared to $134.0$38.2 million providedused in 2015,2022, primarily the result of fluctuationschanges in our inventories balances due to the liquidation of inventories at our retail stores in 2015, accounts receivable,inventory and accounts payable and accrued expenses balances. Cash generated from net income (loss) adjusted by other non-cash items provided $27.1 million in 2016 compared to $5.32 million used in 2015, primarily the result of increased income from continuing operations, fluctuations in asset impairment charges and non-cash benefit items recorded and changes in gain (loss) on disposition and abandonment. Net cash used inprovided by operating activities from discontinued operations was $12.3 million, $33.8$0.0 million and $42.2$0.4 million for 2017, 2016in 2023 and 20152022, respectively.


Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations totaled $2.7 million, $1.9$76.2 million and $33.4$7.1 million for 2017, 20162023 and 2015, respectively.2022 respectively In 2017, investing activities included invested in warehouse pick modules, warehouse racking and mobile sales application software2023, $72.6 million was used for IPG segment. In 2016 investing activities included information and communication systems hardware and software, leasehold improvements and lift trucks for inventory and warehousing functions for IPG segment.  The acquisitionthe purchase of P.E.G. in 2015 used $24.8Indoff, offset by $0.3 million net of cash acquired, with the balance of $0.9$3.9 million along with $0.9 million of proceeds from the sale ofused for warehouse machinery and equipment for our former PC manufacturing facility.U.S. warehouses and new Canadian distribution center, leasehold improvements, computer equipment upgrades and molds. In 2015 other2022, investing activities includewas used for warehouse machinery and equipment, primarily related to our new Canadian distribution center, leasehold improvements, for racking,computer equipment and build out of our additional warehouse space for IPG segment, new office space for our France operations, expenditures for our inventory and warehousing functions in ETG and IPG and information and communications systems hardware and software, aggregating $10.0 million.  Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations was $0.1 million, $0.8 million and $1.3 million.software.


Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $11.5 million, $4.0 million and $2.9$29.7 million in 2017, 20162023 and 2015,2022, respectively. In 2017,2023, net cash used in financing activities was primarily for dividends paid during 2017 totaling $13.0related to the regular quarterly dividend of $0.20 per common share which totaled $30.6 million and net repayments of short-term borrowings of $0.6 million. Offsetting these payments, were net proceeds of $0.1 million used to repay outstanding capital lease obligations and $0.8 million used as paymentfrom the issuance of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through withholding shares offset by $2.4 million from proceedscommon stock from stock option exercises.exercises, net of payments for payroll taxes through shares withheld and proceeds of $1.4 million from the issuance of common stock from our employee stock purchase plan. In 20162022, net cash used in financing activities was primarily related to dividends paid. In 2015, we repaidthe regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per common share which totaled approximately $2.7 million of capital lease obligations and repurchased approximately $0.2 million of treasury stock.  Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations totaled $0, $0.1$27.6 million and $0.1net repayments of short-term borrowings of $3.9 million. Offsetting these payments, were proceeds from the issuance of common stock from stock option exercises, net of payments for payroll taxes through shares withheld, totaled $0.4 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.proceeds from the issuance of common stock from our employee stock purchase plan totaled $1.4 million.

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The Company maintains a $75.0$125.0 million secured revolving credit agreementfacility with one financial institution, which has a five year term, maturing on October 28, 202119, 2026 and provides for borrowings in the United States. The credit agreement contains certain operating, financial and other covenants, including limits on annual levels of capital expenditures, availability tests related to payments of dividends and stock repurchases and fixed charge coverage tests related to acquisitions.  The revolving credit agreement requires that a minimum level of availability be maintained. If such availability is not maintained, the Company will be required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined).  The borrowings under the agreement are subject to borrowing base limitations of up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable and the inventory advance rate computed as the lesser of 60%65% or 85% of the net orderly liquidation value (“NOLV”).   Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the Borrower’s assets, as defined, including all accounts, accounts receivable, inventory and certain other assets, subject to limited exceptions, including the exclusion of certain foreign assets from the collateral.  The interest rate under the amended and restated facility is computed at applicable market rates based on the London interbank offered rate (“LIBO”Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“NYFRB”) or the Prime Rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin varies based on borrowing base availability.  As of December 31, 2017,2023, eligible collateral under the credit agreement was $74.6$105.4 million, total availability was $73.1$102.8 million, total outstanding letters of credit were $2.9was $1.6 million, total excess availability was $70.2$101.2 million and there were no outstanding borrowings. The Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of the credit agreement in place as of December 31, 2017.2023.


Levels of earnings and cash flows are dependent on factors such as consolidated gross margin and selling, distribution and administrative costs, as a percentage of sales, product mix and relative levels of domestic and foreign sales. Unusual gains or expense items, such as special (gains) charges and settlements, may impact earnings and are separately disclosed.  We expect that past performance may not be indicative of future performance due to the competitive nature of our business where the segments we operate in.need to adjust prices to gain or hold market share is prevalent.




Macroeconomic conditions, such as business and consumer sentiment, may affect our revenues, cash flows or financial condition.  However, we do not believe that there is a direct correlation between any specific macroeconomic indicator and our revenues, cash flows or financial condition.  We are not currently interest rate sensitive, as we have significant cash balances and minimalno outstanding debt.


The expenses and capital expenditures and exit activities described above will require significant levels of liquidity, which we believe can be adequately funded from our currently available cash resources.resources, cash flow from operations and borrowing under our current credit facility. In 20182024 we anticipate capital expenditures to be in the range of up$6.0 to $8.0 million, though at this time we are not contractually committed to incur these expenditures. Over

In the past several years we have engaged in opportunistic acquisitions, choosing to pay the purchase price in cash, and may do so in the future as favorable situations arise.  However, a deep and prolonged period of reduced business spending could adversely impact our cash resources and force us to either forego future acquisition opportunities or to pay the purchase price in sharesusing stock, debt or a combination of our common stock,consideration which could have a dilutivean adverse effect on our earnings per share.earnings. We believe that our cash balances and future cash flows from operations and our availability under our credit facilitiesfacility will be sufficient to fund our working capital and other cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.


We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in money market funds or their equivalent that have maturities of less than three months and in non-interest bearing accounts that partially offset banking fees. As of December 31, 2017,2023, we had no investments with maturities of greater than three months.  Accordingly, we do not believe that our cash balances have significant exposure to interest rate risk. At December 31, 20172023 cash balances held in foreign subsidiaries totaled approximately $41.8$4.2 million. These balances are held in local country banks and are held primarily to support local working capital needs. The Company intends to repatriate excess foreign cash balances when available and when it is tax efficient. The Company had in excess of $214$131 million of liquidity (cash and an undrawn line of credit) in the U.S. as of December 31, 2017, which is sufficient to fund its U.S. operations and capital needs, including any dividend payments, for the foreseeable future.2023.


Material Cash Requirements

We are obligated under non-cancelable operating and finance leases for the rental of most of our facilities and certain of our equipment which expiresexpire at various dates through 2032. As of December 31, 2023 we were obligated for approximately $117.6 million under these non-cancelable operating leases. In 2024 we anticipate cash expenditures of approximately $19.0 million for these operating leases.  We have sublease agreements for unused space, as well as excess space in facilities we leaseare currently occupying, in the United States and Germany.Canada.  In the event the sub lessee is unable to fulfill its obligations, we would be responsible for remaining rents due under the leases.

Following is a summary of our contractual obligations for future principal payments on our debt, minimum rental payments on our non-cancelable operating leases and minimum payments on our other purchase obligations as of December 31, 2017 (in millions):

 Total 
Less than
1 year
 1-3 years 3-5 years 
More than
5 years
Contractual Obligations:         
          
Capital lease obligations$0.2
 0.1
 0.1
 
 
          
Non-cancelable operating leases, net of subleases120.3
 18.4
 38.1
 27.5
 36.3
          
Purchase & other obligations23.6
 4.4
 10.1
 9.1
 
          
Total contractual obligations$144.1
 22.9
 48.3
 36.6
 36.3


Our purchase and other obligations consist primarily of product purchase commitments for certain employment, agreementsconsulting and service agreements. As of December 31, 2023 we were obligated for approximately $32.3 million under these commitments. In 2024

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we anticipate cash expenditures of approximately $7.8 million related to these commitments. In addition to the contractual obligations noted above,previously mentioned commitments, we had $2.9$1.6 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of December 2017.31, 2023.


We are party to certain litigation, the outcome of which we believe, based on discussions with legal counsel, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.


Tax contingencies are related to uncertain tax positions taken on income tax returns that may result in additional tax, interest and penalties being paid to taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2017,2023, the Company had no material uncertain tax positions.

Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsDiscontinued Operations



The Company's discontinued operations include the former North American Technology Group business sold in December 2015 (see Note 1 and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).



Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. Certain accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. These judgments are based on historical experience, observation of trends in the industry, information provided by customers, forecasts of future economic conditions and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Management believes that full consideration has been given to all relevant circumstances that we may be subject to, and the consolidated financial statements of the Company accurately reflect management's best estimate of the consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company for the years presented. We identify below a number of policies that entail significant judgments or estimates, the assumptions and/or judgments used to determine those estimates and the potential effects on reported financial results if actual results differ materially from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with its customers utilizing the following steps:
Identifying the contract with the customer
Identifying the performance obligations under the contract
Determining the transaction price
Allocating transaction price to performance obligations, if necessary
Recognizing revenue as performance obligations are satisfied

The Company's invoice, and the terms and conditions of sale contained therein, constitutes the evidence of an arrangement and is a contract with the customer. The performance obligations are generally delivery of the products listed on the invoice and the transaction price for each product is listed. Allocation of transaction price is generally not needed. Performance obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized upon the shipment of goods from one of the Company’s distribution centers or drop shippers for most contracts or in certain cases revenue will be recognized upon delivery and acceptance by the customer. Customer acceptance occurs when the customer accepts the shipment. The Company's standard terms, provided on its invoices as well as on its websites, are included in communications with the customer and have standard payment terms of 30 days. Certain customers may have extended payment terms that have been pre-approved by the Company's credit department, but generally none extend longer than 90 days.
Provisions for sales returns and allowances are estimated based on historical data and are recorded concurrently with the recognition of revenue. These provisions are reviewed and adjusted periodically by the Company. Revenue is presented net of sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities. Revenue is reduced for any early payment discounts or volume incentive rebates offered to customers.

The Company’s revenue is shown as “Net sales” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and is measured as the determined transaction price, net of any variable consideration consisting primarily of rights to return product. The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling revenues as activities to fulfill its performance obligation. Billingsfor freight and shipping and handling are recorded in net sales and costs of freight and shipping and handling are recorded in cost of sales in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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The Company will record a contract liability in cases where customers pay in advance of the Company satisfying its performance obligation. The Company had approximately $3.3 million of contract obligations or liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and $0.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in the contract liability balance is related to the Indoff acquisition.

The Company offers customers rights to return product within a certain time, usually 30 days. The Company estimates its sales returns liability quarterly based upon its historical returns rates as a percentage of historical sales for the trailing twelve-month period. The total accrued sales returns liability was approximately $2.1 million at December 31, 2023 and $2.2 million at December 31, 2022, and was recorded as a refund liability in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Inventory Valuation

We value our inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value; cost being determined on the first-in, first-out method or average cost method. Excess and obsolete or unmarketable merchandise are written down based on historical experience, assumptions about future product demand and market conditions. If market conditions are less favorable than projected or if technological developments result in accelerated obsolescence, additional write-downs may be required. While obsolescence and resultant markdowns have been within expectations, there can be no guarantee that we will continue to experience the same level of markdowns we have in the past. The Company estimates the net realizable value of its inventory by considering factors such as inventory levels, historical write-off information, market conditions, estimated direct selling costs and physical condition of the inventory.

Our inventory reserve estimates for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 have not created,been materially different than our actual experience. However, if in the future our estimates are materially different than our actual experience we could have a material loss adjustment.

Business Combinations

We follow ASC 805, Business Combinations, for our acquisition accounting. ASC 805 provides a framework for entities to use in evaluating whether an integrated set of assets and are not partyactivities should be accounted for as an acquisition of a business or a group of assets. If the transaction is an acquisition of a business then the fair value of the transaction is used to any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entitiesestablish a new accounting basis of the acquired entity. The acquirer recognizes and measures the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their full fair values as of the date control is obtained.

On May 19, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff, a business-to-business direct marketer of material handling products, commercial interiors and business products with operations in North America, for approximately $72.6 million in cash. The transaction was accounted for using the purposeacquisition method of raising capital, incurring debt or operating our business. We do not have any arrangements or relationshipsaccounting and the fair value of the transaction was used to establish a new accounting basis of Indoff. The Company recognized and measured the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their full fair values as of the date of the acquisition.

The purchase price of Indoff was allocated between the net tangible assets acquired and the identified intangible assets, customer lists and trademarks, with entities that are not consolidated into the financial statements that are reasonably likelyresidual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. Estimates were used in determining the fair value of the customer lists and trademarks. The significant assumptions used to materially affect our liquidity orestimate the availabilityfair value of the acquired intangible assets include projected revenue growth rates, customer retention rates, weighted average cost of capital resources.rate, pretax earnings and resulting discounted cash flows. These assumptions are forward-looking and could be impacted byfuture business activity and market conditions. If in the future our estimates are determined to be materially different than our actual experience and these differences result in us failing to achieve projected results, we could have a material impairment of our intangible assets and/or goodwill.



Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information about recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

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We are exposed to market risks, which include changes in U.S. and international interest rates as well as changes in currency exchange rates (principally European Union Euros and Canadian Dollars) as measured against the U.S. Dollar and each other.


The translation of the financial statements of our operations located outside of the United States is impacted by movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in currency exchange rates as measured against the U.S. dollar may positively or negatively affect income statement, balance sheet and cash flows as expressed in U.S. dollars.  Sales would have fluctuated by approximately $49.6$6.8 million and pretax lossincome would have fluctuatedchanged by approximately $2.6$0.4 million if average foreign exchange rates changed by 10% in 2017. We have limited involvement with derivative financial instruments and do not use them for trading purposes.2023. We may enter into foreign currency options or forward exchange contracts aimed at limiting in part the impact of certain currency fluctuations, but as of December 31, 20172023 we had no outstanding forward exchange contracts.


Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our variable rate debt. Our variable rate debt consists of short-term borrowings under our credit facilities.  As of December 31, 2017, there were2023, we had no outstanding balancesdebt under our variable rate credit facility. A hypothetical change in average interest rates of one percentage point is not expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows over the next fiscal year.


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.


The information required by Item 8 of Part II is incorporated herein by reference to the Consolidated Financial Statements filed with this report; see Item 15 of Part IV.


Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.


None.


Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017.2023. Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.were not effective as of December 31, 2023 because of material weaknesses identified in the design and operation of certain key Information Technology General Controls (ITGCs) described below.


However, giving full consideration to the material weaknesses, the control deficiencies did not result in any identified misstatements, and the Company's management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting


The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.


Management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the
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design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their


costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting


The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.   Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework).  Based on thatthis evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting wasthese controls were not effective as of December 31, 2017.2023 due to material weaknesses in the design and operation of certain key Information Technology General Controls ("ITGCs").


TheDespite the finding of these material weaknesses, management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Annual Report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report. Additional detail on the nature of the material weaknesses, and managements conclusions can be found below.

On May 19, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff. As of December 31, 2023, we were in the process of integrating Indoff’s operations, including internal controls over financial reporting. Therefore, consistent with guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission that an assessment of internal controls over financial reporting of a recently acquired business may be omitted from management's evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures, management is excluding an assessment of such internal controls of Indoff from its evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Indoff represented approximately 6% and 9% of the Company's consolidated total assets and net sales at December 31, 2023, respectively.

Inadequate Information Technology General Controls and Business Process Controls

We identified material weaknesses in the design and operation of ITGCs related to our key accounting, reporting, and proprietary information technology (IT) systems, including related IT tools supporting the Company’s financial reporting processes and controls performed by the company in support of the SOC1’s for those applications, supported by third party service organizations. More specifically, the Company did not maintain effective IT general controls to verify appropriate implementation of (i) change management, including validating that changes to IT applications are appropriate and functioning as intended; (ii) logical access, including ensuring that access to IT applications is appropriate and is granted only to authorized users; and (iii) IT operations, including ensuring that critical batch and interface jobs are monitored and privileges are appropriately granted. Consequently, automated and IT dependent manual business process controls that rely upon information from the IT systems, including those in support of third party service organizations, were also deemed ineffective.

Ernst & Young LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an attestation report onaudited the effectiveness of the Company’sour internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, a copy2023 and issued an adverse report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the periods ending December 31 2023, and 2022, as stated in its report, which is included herein.


As a result of the identification of the material weaknesses, and prior to filing this Annual Report, along with our auditors, we performed further analysis and completed additional procedures intended to ensure our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Based on these procedures and analysis, and notwithstanding the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, our management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Annual Report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have certified that, based on each such officer’s knowledge, the financial statements, as well as the other financial information included in this Annual Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Annual Report. In addition, Ernst & Young LLP has issued an unqualified opinion on our financial statements, which is included in Part IV of this Annual Report, and we have developed a remediation plan for the material weaknesses, which is described below.

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Remediation of the Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company is in the process of implementing changes associated with the design, implementation, and monitoring of ITGCs in the areas of IT operations, user access, and change management for IT applications supporting all of the Company’s financial statement preparation and reporting processes to ensure that internal controls are designed and operating effectively. Our remediation plans will include:

Engaging an expert accounting advisory firm to evaluate the design of our controls as well as to assist with the documentation, remediation, and testing of the ITGCs over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Treadway Commission
Training of relevant personnel on the design and operation of our ITGCs over financial reporting
Implementation of controls that increase the frequency of periodic re-evaluation of user access privileges, including administrative access.
Adoption of the principles of limited access rights and access for all system users as well asthe rationalization of access privileges for all system users and critical transactions, based on job responsibilities considering segregation of duties.

We believe that these actions, collectively, will remediate the material weaknesses identified.However, we will not be able to conclude that we have completely remediated the material weaknesses until the applicable controls are fully implemented and operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through formal testing, that the remediate controls are operating effectively.We will continue to monitor the design and effectiveness of these and other processes, procedures, and controls and will make any further changes management deems appropriate.



Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting


ThereOther than the ongoing remediation plans described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ending December 31, 20172023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. As previously disclosed in the Form 10-Q filed for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, the Company is currently integrating Indoff LLC’s operations into its overall system of internal control over financial reporting and, if necessary, will make appropriate changes as it integrates Indoff LLC into the Company's overall internal control over financial reporting process.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Systemax Inc.Global Industrial Company

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Systemax Inc.’sGlobal Industrial Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Systemax Inc.because of the effect of the material weaknesses described below on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, Global Industrial Company (the Company) has not maintained in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2023, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of the acquired businesses, Indoff LLC, which is included in the 2023 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 6% of total assets as of December 31, 2023 and 9% of net sales for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Indoff LLC.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses have been identified and included in management’s assessment. Management has identified material weaknesses related to the ineffective design and operation of information technology ("IT") general controls for IT applications supporting the Company’s internal control over financial reporting processes. Consequently, automated and IT dependent manual business process controls that rely upon information from the IT systems were also deemed ineffective.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2017consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes. These material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2023 consolidated financial statements, of the Company and this report does not affect our report dated March 15, 201812, 2024, which expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control overOver Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal controlscontrol over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards requiredrequire that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definitions









35


Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A Company’scompany’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
March 12, 2024
/s/Ernst & Young LLP
36

New York, NY
March 15, 2018





Item 9B. Other Information.


During the three months ended December 31, 2023, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Global Industrial securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement".

Item 9C. Disclosures Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

None.
PART III


Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.


The information required by Item 10 of Part III is hereby incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 20182024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”).


We have adopted a Corporate Ethics Policy that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Any amendments to the Corporate Ethics Policy or any grant of a waiver from the provisions of the Corporate Ethics Policy requiring disclosure under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules will be disclosed on the Company’s website.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.


The information required by Item 11 of Part III is hereby incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.


Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.


The information required by item 12 of Part III is hereby incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.


Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence


The information required by Item 13 of Part III is hereby incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.


Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.


The information required by Item 14 of Part III is hereby incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement.


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PART IV


Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.



(a) 1.
Consolidated Financial Statements of Systemax Inc.Global Industrial CompanyReference

PCAOB ID: 42












2
Financial Statement Schedule:

The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this report and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements:

Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts60

Schedules not included with this additional financial data have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.




38

Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
 
Exhibits.
Exhibit
No.
Description
3
3.1
Exhibits.

Exhibit
No.
Description

3.1Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company's registration statement on Form S-1) (Registration No. 33-92052).

Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 1999).

Amended and Restated By-lawsCertificate of the Company (effective asAmendment of December 29, 2007, incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).

Amendment to the BylawsCertificate of the CompanyIncorporation (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated March 3, 2008)June 21, 2021).

4.1Second Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company (effective as of June 21, 2021 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated June 21, 2021).
4.1Stockholders Agreement (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 1995).

FormDescription of 1999 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan as amendedRegistrant's Securities (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated May 20, 2003).

Form of 2006 Stock Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to the Company’sCompany's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006)2021).

10.3Build-to-Suit Lease Agreement dated April 1995 among SYX Distribution Inc. (tenant), American National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago (trustee for the original landlord) and Walsh, Higgins & Company (contractor) (Naperville, IL Facility)(“Naperville Lease”) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1) (Registration No. 33-92052).

First Amendment, dated as of February 1, 2006, to the Naperville Lease between SYX Distribution Inc. (tenant) and Ambassador Drive LLC (landlord) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).

Lease Agreement, dated December 8, 2005, between Hamilton Business Center, LLC (landlord) and Global Equipment Company Inc. (tenant) and Hamilton Business Center, LLC (landlord) (Buford, GeorgiaGA facility) (the “Buford Lease”) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).

First Amendment, to the Buford Lease, dated June 12, 2006, to the Buford Lease, between Hamilton Business Center, LLC (landlord) and Global Equipment Company Inc. (tenant) and Hamilton Business Center, LLC (landlord) (Buford, Georgia distribution center)GA facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).

Employment Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2007, between the Company and Lawrence P. Reinhold (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).

Amendment No. 1, dated December 30, 2009, to the Employment Agreement between the Company and Lawrence P. Reinhold (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated December 30, 2009).

Lease Agreement, dated April 16, 2010, between Jefferson Project I LLC (landlord) and SYX Distribution Inc. (tenant) (Jefferson, GA facility) (the “Jefferson Lease”)  (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012).
First Amendment, dated August 24, 2010, to the Jefferson Lease, between Jefferson Project I LLC (landlord) and SYX Distribution Inc. (tenant) (Jefferson, GA facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012).
Lease Agreement, dated February 27, 2012, between PR I Washington Township NJ, LLC (landlord) and Global Equipment Company Inc. (tenant) (Robbinsville, NJ facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012).
Form of 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed April 29, 2010).
Employment Agreement, dated April 12, 2012, between the Company and Eric Lerner (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012).
Lease Agreement, dated December 10, 2014, between Prologis, L.P. (landlord) and Global Industrial Distribution Inc. (tenant) (Las Vegas, NV distribution center)facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014).


Amendment to the Term of the 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Supplemental Proxy Material filed May 18, 2015).
Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of October 28, 2016, by and among Systemax Inc.the Company and certain affiliates thereof and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Sole Bookrunner and Sole Lead Arranger, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated November 3, 2016).
Third Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of October 28, 2016, by and among Systemax Inc.the Company and certain affiliates thereof and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent for the lenders party to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated November 3, 2016).
Amended and Restated Lease dated December 14, 2016, by and between Addwin Realty Associates, LLC (landlord) and Global Equipment Company Inc. (tenant) and Addwin Realty Associates, LLC (landlord) (Port Washington, NY facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated December 16, 2016).
Employment Agreement, dated October 5, 2018, between the Company and Barry Litwin (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).
Amendment No. 1, dated January 7, 2020, to the Employment Agreement, between the Company and Barry Litwin (incorporated by reference to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
Form of Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed November 2, 2018).
Lease Agreement, dated April 18, 2019, by and between HLIT II CTC 3, L.P. (landlord) and Global Industrial Distribution Inc. (tenant) (DeSoto, TX facility) (exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019).
Lease Agreement, dated December 18, 2009, between Lakeview XII Ventures, LLC (landlord) and Global Industrial Distribution Inc. (as successor in interest through merger to C&H Service, LLC) (tenant) (Pleasant Prairie, WI facility) (the "PP" Lease) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020).
39

First Amendment, to the PP Lease, dated April 14, 2020, between Lakeview XII Ventures, LLC (landlord) and Global Industrial Distribution Inc.(as successor in interest through merger to C&H Service, LLC) (tenant) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020).
Second Amendment to the Buford Lease, dated November 20, 2006, between Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, for the benefit of its separate real estate account (as successor-in-interest to Hamilton Mill Business Center, LLC) (landlord) and Global Equipment Company Inc. (tenant) (Buford, GA facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020).
Third Amendment to the Buford Lease Agreement, dated September 16, 2020 between Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, for the benefit of its separate real estate account (as successor-in-interest to Hamilton Mill Business Center, LLC) (landlord) and Global Equipment Company Inc. (tenant) (Buford, GA facility) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020).
Form of 2020 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed April 22, 2020).
Employment Agreement, dated October 12, 2021, between the Company and Adina Storch (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021).
Amendment No. 1, dated December 2, 2021, to the Employment Agreement, between the Company and Adina Storch (incorporated by reference to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021).
Amendment No. 1, dated as of October 19, 2021, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among the Company and certain affiliates thereof, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Sole Bookrunner and Sole Lead Arranger, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021).
Amendment No. 2, dated as of June 28, 2022, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Global Industrial Company (f/k/a Systemax Inc.) and certain affiliates thereof, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Sole Bookrunner and Sole Lead Arranger, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022).
Amendment No. 3, dated as of November 29, 2022, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Global Industrial Company (f/k/a Systemax Inc.) and certain affiliates thereof, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Sole Bookrunner and Sole Lead Arranger, and the lenders from time to time party thereto. (incorporated by reference to the Company’s report on Form 8-K dated November 29, 2022).
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2023, by and among GIH Holdings Inc., Indoff Holdings, Inc., John Spreck Ross, as trustee of the Trust Agreement of John Spreck Ross dated 7/31/75, John S. Ross, Jr., Laura Ross Greiner, Jeffrey J. Ross, and Margaret Ross McDonough, as trustees of the Ross Family Irrevocable Trust No. 4 dated 11/23/2017, John Spreck Ross and Jeffrey J. Ross (incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023).
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Global Industrial Company 2020 Omnibus Long Term Incentive Plan (filed herewith).
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Global Industrial Company 2020 Omnibus Long Term Incentive Plan (filed herewith).
Form of Non-Qualified Option to Purchase under the Global Industrial Company 2020 Omnibus Long Term Incentive Plan (filed herewith).
Corporate Ethics Policy for Officers, Directors and Employees (revised as of February 2018) filed herewith)October 2021) (incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021).
Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herewith).
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith).
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
40

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
Global Industrial Company Clawback Policy, effective as of October 2, 2023 (filed herewith).
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCH101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)


*Exhibit    *Exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement




Item 16.    Form 10-K Summary.

None.


41

SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
SYSTEMAX INC.By: /s/ BARRY LITWIN
By: /s/ LAWRENCE REINHOLDBarry Litwin
Lawrence Reinhold
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 15, 201812, 2024


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SignatureTitleDate
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ RICHARD B. LEEDSExecutive Chairman and DirectorMarch 15, 201812, 2024
Richard B. Leeds
/s/ BRUCE LEEDSVice Chairman and DirectorMarch 15, 201812, 2024
Bruce Leeds
/s/ ROBERT LEEDSVice Chairman and DirectorMarch 15, 201812, 2024
Robert Leeds
/s/ LAWRENCE REINHOLDBARRY LITWINPresident and Chief Executive OfficerMarch 15, 201812, 2024
Lawrence ReinholdBarry Litwinand Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ THOMAS CLARKSenior Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerMarch 15, 201812, 2024
Thomas Clark(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ THOMAS AXMACHERVice President and ControllerMarch 12, 2024
Thomas Axmacher(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ ROBERT D. ROSENTHALDirectorMarch 12, 2024
Robert D. Rosenthal
/s/ CHAD M. LINDBLOOMDirectorMarch 12, 2024
Chad M. Lindbloom
/s/ THOMAS AXMACHERGARY S. MICHELVice President and ControllerDirectorMarch 15, 201812, 2024
Thomas AxmacherGary S. Michel(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ PAUL S. PEARLMANDirectorMarch 12, 2024
/s/ ROBERT ROSENTHALPaul S. PearlmanDirectorMarch 15, 2018
Robert Rosenthal
/s/ BARRY LITWINDirectorMarch 15, 2018
Barry Litwin
/s/ CHAD LINDBLOOMDirectorMarch 15, 2018
Chad Lindbloom

42




Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Systemax Inc. Global Industrial Company


Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Systemax Inc.Global Industrial Company (the Company) as of December 31, 20172023 and 2016, and2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 20172023 and 2016,2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 15, 201812, 2024 expressed an unqualifiedadverse opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the riskrisks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


















43



Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Measurement of Inventory Valuation Reserves
Description of
the Matter
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s net inventory balance was $150.8 million. As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, management records inventory at the lower of its cost or net realizable value. The valuation of inventory requires management to make assumptions and judgments about the recoverability of the inventory, which includes the consideration of slow-moving or obsolete inventory. To establish the inventory valuation reserves the Company considers factors such as market conditions, inventory levels, historical write-off information and assumptions regarding future demand and direct selling costs.

Auditing management’s inventory valuation reserves was complex as auditor judgment was necessary in evaluating the amounts that should be reserved based on the assumptions described above.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding and evaluated the design effectiveness of controls over the inventory reserve process, including controls over the assumptions described above, that are used in management’s calculation.

Our audit procedures to test the adequacy of the inventory valuation reserve included, among others, evaluating the appropriateness of management’s inputs to the inventory valuation reserve calculation, including testing the completeness and accuracy of the data used in management’s calculation such as historical write-off activity, direct selling costs, market prices and inventory levels for each product. We compared actual write-off activity and current market prices to the assumptions used in the inventory valuation reserve estimated by the Company in prior years. We also tested, the mathematical accuracy of the Company’s reserve calculation, performed inquiries of the Company’s management and obtained documentation to evaluate the Company’s estimate.














44


Valuation of Customer Lists from the Indoff LLC Acquisition
Description of
the Matter
As described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Indoff LLC for total consideration of $72.6 million, net of cash acquired. The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby the total purchase price was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value of such assets and liabilities.

Auditing the Company's accounting for its acquisition of Indoff LLC required complex auditor judgment due to the significant estimation uncertainty inherent in determining the fair value of the acquired customer lists. The significant estimation uncertainty was primarily due to the judgmental nature of the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of this intangible asset as well as the sensitivity of the respective fair value to the underlying significant assumptions. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the acquired customer lists included revenue growth rates, customer retention rate, EBITDA margin, royalty rate and discount rate. These significant assumptions are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over the valuation of customer lists from the Indoff LLC acquisition. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the valuation models and significant assumptions described above.

To test the estimated fair value of the acquired customer lists, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the appropriateness of the valuation methodologies and testing the significant assumptions discussed above and the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by the Company. For example, we compared the revenue growth rates and operating margins to the historical results of the acquired business. We also performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the customer lists that would result from changes in the significant assumptions. In addition, we involved internal valuation specialists to assist us in our evaluation of the valuation methodologies and certain significant assumptions used by the Company.




/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company'sCompany’s auditor since 2005.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP .
New York, NYNew York
March 15, 201812, 2024

45









SYSTEMAX INC.GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except for share data)
December 31,
 20232022
ASSETS:  
Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents$34.4 $28.5 
Accounts receivable, (net of allowance for credit losses of $2.9 and $2.3, respectively)130.7 108.0 
Inventories150.8 179.4 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets13.9 9.8 
Total current assets329.8 325.7 
Property, plant and equipment, net20.0 21.0 
Operating lease right-of-use assets84.4 90.3 
Deferred income taxes7.9 9.9 
Goodwill and intangibles69.3 6.6 
Other assets2.0 1.7 
Total assets$513.4 $455.2 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:  
Current liabilities:  
Accounts payable$111.0 $96.9 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities49.1 43.2 
Short term debt0.0 0.6 
Operating lease liabilities14.1 12.4 
Total current liabilities174.2 $153.1 
Operating lease liabilities81.4 89.1 
Other liabilities2.6 2.6 
Total liabilities258.2 244.8 
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:  
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 25 million shares; issued none0.0 0.0 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, authorized 150 million shares; issued 39,123,102 and 39,064,239 shares; outstanding 38,074,344 and 37,960,605 shares0.4 0.4 
Additional paid-in capital204.8 201.2 
Treasury stock at cost —1,048,758 and 1,103,634 shares(18.6)(19.5)
Retained earnings66.0 25.9 
Accumulated other comprehensive income2.6 2.4 
Total shareholders’ equity255.2 210.4 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$513.4 $455.2 
 December 31,
 2017 2016
ASSETS:   
Current assets:   
Cash$184.5
 $149.7
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $9.9 and $17.2174.3
 148.6
Inventories131.5
 116.7
Prepaid expenses and other current assets3.8
 3.9
Current assets of discontinued operations
 92.3
Total current assets494.1
 511.2
    
Property, plant and equipment, net15.1
 16.4
Deferred income taxes26.2
 4.2
Goodwill and intangibles14.5
 15.7
Other assets1.5
 1.5
Long term assets of discontinued operations
 17.1
Total assets$551.4
 $566.1
    
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
Accounts payable$196.1
 $181.3
Dividend payable55.7
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities64.0
 49.2
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
 94.5
Total current liabilities315.8
 325.0
    
Deferred income tax liability0.1
 0.3
Other liabilities23.7
 24.3
Long term liabilities of discontinued operations
 2.1
Total liabilities339.6
 351.7
    
Commitments and contingencies 
  
 

 

Shareholders’ equity: 
  
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 25 million shares; issued none

 

Common stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 150 million shares; issued 38,861,992 and 38,861,992 shares; outstanding 37,093,774 and 36,924,293 shares0.4
 0.4
Additional paid-in capital186.5
 185.5
Treasury stock at cost —1,768,218 and 1,937,699 shares(21.8) (23.9)
Retained earnings44.8
 73.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1.9
 (20.7)
Total shareholders’ equity211.8
 214.4
    
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$551.4
 $566.1


See notes to consolidated financial statements.

46


SYSTEMAX INC.GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)

Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Net sales$1,274.3 1,166.1 $1,063.1 
Cost of sales838.5 744.9 688.8 
Gross profit435.8 421.2 374.3 
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses339.3 316.0 286.3 
Operating income from continuing operations96.5 105.2 88.0 
Foreign currency exchange loss0.2 0.3 0.3 
Interest and other expense1.1 1.1 0.1 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes95.2 103.8 87.6 
Provision for income taxes24.5 25.7 17.5 
Net income from continuing operations70.7 78.1 70.1 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax0.0 0.7 33.2 
Net income$70.7 $78.8 $103.3 
Net income per common share from continuing operations:   
  Basic$1.85 $2.05 $1.85 
  Diluted$1.84 $2.04 $1.84 
Net income per common share from discontinued operations:
  Basic$0.00 $0.02 $0.88 
  Diluted$0.00 $0.02 $0.87 
Net income per common share:
  Basic$1.85 $2.07 $2.73 
  Diluted$1.84 $2.06 $2.71 
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares:   
Basic38.1 38.0 37.8 
Diluted38.2 38.1 38.0 
Dividends declared0.80 0.72 1.64 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Net sales$1,265.4
 1,170.3
 $1,243.5
Cost of sales914.0
 862.4
 933.0
Gross profit351.4
 307.9
 310.5
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses279.8
 276.3
 287.1
Special charges, net0.3
 3.9
 26.9
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations71.3
 27.7
 (3.5)
Foreign currency exchange loss
 1.3
 7.5
Interest and other expense, net0.5
 0.3
 0.7
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes70.8
 26.1
 (11.7)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes(5.3) 9.2
 12.3
Net income (loss) from continuing operations76.1
 16.9
 (24.0)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(35.7) (49.5) (75.8)
Net income (loss)$40.4
 $(32.6) $(99.8)
Basic and diluted EPS: 
  
  
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations-basic$2.06
 $0.45
 $(0.65)
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations-diluted$2.02
 $0.45
 $(0.65)
Net loss per share from discontinued operations-basic and diluted$(0.96) $(1.33) $(2.04)
Net income per share-basic$1.09
 $(0.88) $2.69
Net income per share-diluted$1.07
 $(0.88) $2.69
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares: 
  
  
Basic37.0
 37.2
 37.1
Diluted37.6
 37.2
 37.1
Dividends declared1.85
 0.10
 


See notes to consolidated financial statements.

47


SYSTEMAX INC.GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)

 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Net income (loss)$40.4
 $(32.6) $(99.8)
Other comprehensive loss: 
  
  
Foreign currency translation income (loss)8.2
 (4.9) (6.9)
Total comprehensive income (loss)$48.6
 $(37.5) $(106.7)
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Net income70.7 78.8 $103.3 
Other comprehensive income (loss):   
Foreign currency translation0.2 (0.9)(0.1)
Total comprehensive income$70.9 $77.9 $103.2 
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

48


SYSTEMAX INC.GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)

 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:   
Net income from continuing operations$70.7 $78.1 $70.1 
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization6.4 3.9 3.7 
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes2.0 0.0 (3.2)
Provision for credit losses3.2 1.6 2.8 
Compensation expense related to equity compensation plans3.0 4.5 2.9 
Gain on dispositions and abandonment0.0 (0.1)0.0 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Accounts receivable(2.6)(3.3)(7.4)
Inventories33.3 (7.0)(40.5)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(0.8)(1.8)0.4 
Income taxes(1.1)(7.1)3.9 
Accounts payable1.2 (17.0)19.7 
Accrued expenses, other current liabilities and other liabilities(3.3)(2.0)(4.8)
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations112.0 49.8 47.6 
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations0.0 0.4 2.2 
Net cash provided by operating activities112.0 50.2 49.8 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:   
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(3.9)(7.4)(3.4)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment0.0 0.3 0.0 
Purchase of Indoff LLC, net of cash acquired(72.3)0.0 0.0 
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(76.2)(7.1)(3.4)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:   
Dividends paid(30.6)(27.6)(62.5)
Borrowings under credit facility50.6 119.0 45.2 
Repayments under credit facility(51.2)(122.9)(40.7)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock0.6 0.8 4.9 
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld(0.5)(0.4)(3.0)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plans1.4 1.4 1.1 
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations(29.7)(29.7)(55.0)
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH(0.2)(0.3)0.0 
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH5.9 13.1 (8.6)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – BEGINNING OF YEAR28.5 15.4 24.0 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – END OF YEAR$34.4 $28.5 $15.4 
Supplemental disclosures:
49

 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:     
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$76.1
 $16.9
 $(24.0)
Adjustments to reconcile income (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: 
  
  
Depreciation and amortization5.1
 5.3
 5.9
Asset impairment and other non-cash benefit
 (0.2) 1.0
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes(17.8) 4.1
 4.3
Provision for returns and doubtful accounts1.3
 3.6
 6.7
Compensation expense related to equity compensation plans1.6
 1.7
 0.9
(Gain) loss on dispositions and abandonment(0.1) (4.3) (0.1)
      
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 
  
  
Accounts receivable(13.7) 24.2
 39.0
Inventories(9.6) 6.6
 139.8
Prepaid expenses and other current assets1.5
 5.5
 1.5
Income taxes payable (receivable)6.3
 (0.2) 0.8
Accounts payable2.9
 (73.2) (43.1)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities4.3
 (13.6) (4.0)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations57.9
 (23.6) 128.7
Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations(12.3) (33.8) (42.2)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities45.6
 (57.4) 86.5
      
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: 
  
  
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(2.8) (2.4) (10.0)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment0.1
 0.5
 1.4
Acquisition of Plant Equipment Group
 
 (24.8)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(2.7) (1.9) (33.4)
Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations(0.1) (0.8) (1.3)
Net cash used in investing activities(2.8) (2.7) (34.7)
      
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: 
  
  
Repayments of capital lease obligations(0.1) (0.3) (2.7)
Dividends paid(13.0) (3.7) 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock2.4
 
 
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld(0.8) 
 
Repurchase of treasury stock
 
 (0.2)
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations(11.5) (4.0) (2.9)
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations
 (0.1) (0.1)
Net cash used in financing activities(11.5) (4.1) (3.0)
      
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH3.5
 (1.2) 1.3
      
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH34.8
 (65.4) 50.1
CASH – BEGINNING OF YEAR149.7
 215.1
 165.0
      
CASH – END OF YEAR$184.5
 $149.7
 $215.1
Supplemental disclosures: 
  
  


Interest paid$0.4
 $0.7
 $0.7
Income taxes paid$5.8
 $5.8
 $4.1
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: 
  
  
Acquisitions of equipment through capital leases$0.3
 $
 $
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash operating and investing activities:Supplemental disclosures of non-cash operating and investing activities:  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating and finance leases
Operating and finance leases
Operating and finance leases
 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

50


Table of Contents
SYSTEMAX INC.GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions, except share data in thousands)

Common Stock  
Common Stock           Number
of Shares
Outstanding
AmountAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury
Stock,
At Cost
Retained (Deficit)
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total Equity
Number
of Shares
Outstanding
 Amount 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock,
At Cost
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Total Equity
Balances, December 31, 201436,808
 $0.4
 $184.3
 $(25.4) $209.2
 $(8.9) $359.6
Stock-based compensation expense 
  
 1.2
  
  
  
 1.2
Issuance of restricted stock86
  
 (1.1) 1.1
  
  
 
Exercise of stock options4
  
 
 
  
  
 
Surrender of fully vested options(25)  
   (0.2)  
  
 (0.2)
Change in cumulative translation adjustment 
  
  
  
  
 (6.9) (6.9)
Net loss 
  
  
  
 (99.8)  
 (99.8)
Balances, December 31, 201536,873
 $0.4
 $184.4
 $(24.5) $109.4
 $(15.8) 253.9
Stock-based compensation expense 
  
 1.7
  
  
  
 1.7
Issuance of restricted stock51
  
 (0.6) 0.6
  
  
 
Dividends

  
 

 

 (3.7)  
 (3.7)
Change in cumulative translation adjustment 
  
  
  
  
 (4.9) (4.9)
Net loss 
  
  
  
 (32.6)  
 (32.6)
Balances, December 31, 201636,924
 $0.4
 $185.5
 $(23.9) $73.1
 $(20.7) $214.4
Balances, December 31, 2020
Stock-based compensation expense 
  
 1.6
  
  
  
 1.6
Issuance of restricted stock68
  
 (0.8) 0.8
  
  
 
Stock withheld for employee taxes(48) 

 (0.3) (0.5) 

 

 (0.8)
Cancellation of restricted shares(8) 

 
 (0.1) 

 

 (0.1)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock158
 

 0.5
 1.9
 

 

 2.4
Dividends 
  
  
  
 (68.7)  
 (68.7)
Discontinued European entities cumulative translation adjustment          14.4
 14.4
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Change in cumulative translation adjustment
Change in cumulative translation adjustment
Change in cumulative translation adjustment 
  
  
  
  
 8.2
 8.2
Net income 
  
  
  
 40.4
  
 40.4
Balances, December 31, 201737,094
 $0.4
 $186.5
 $(21.8) $44.8
 $1.9
 $211.8
Balances, December 31, 2021
Stock-based compensation expense
Issuance of restricted stock
Stock withheld for employee taxes
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Dividends
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Change in cumulative translation adjustment
Net income
Balances, December 31, 2022
Stock-based compensation expense
Issuance of restricted stock
Stock withheld for employee taxes
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Dividends
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan
Change in cumulative translation adjustment
Net income
Balances, December 31, 2023
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
SYSTEMAX INC.GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.    SUMMARYBASIS OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESPRESENTATION


Systemax Inc.,Global Industrial Company, through its operating subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Global Industrial”), is primarily a direct marketervalue-added industrial distributor of brand namehundreds of thousands of industrial and private label products.maintenance, repair and operations ("MRO") products in North America going to market through a system of branded e-commerce websites and relationship marketers. The Company operates and is internally managed in twoone reportable segments - Industrial Products Group (“IPG”)business segment. The Company sells a wide array of industrial and Europe Technology Products Group (“ETG”). Smaller business operationsmaintenance, repair and corporate functions are aggregatedoperation products, markets the Company has served since 1949. Because of the large number of products and reported asproduct categories the additional segment – Corporate and Other (“Corporate”).  Company offers, providing information on the amount of revenue derived from transactions with external customers for each product or groupings of products is impractical.

As previously disclosed, on May 19, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff LLC ("Indoff"), a business-to-business direct marketer of material handling products, commercial interior products and business products with operations in North America, for approximately $72.6 million in cash, $5.2 million of which was placed into an escrow account for two years to secure the sellers’ indemnification obligations under the purchase agreement. Under the terms of the escrow agreement the escrow amount will be reduced to $2.5 million on the one year anniversary of the closing date. This acquisition expands the Company's presence in the second quarterMRO market in North America. The Indoff accounts are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from the date of 2017 and for all periods presented, the Company modified the presentation of certain costs associated with operating our distribution centers as well as with our Purchasing and Product Development personnel. Historically these costs had been included as a component of cost of sales and are now included within Selling, Distribution and Administrative expenses ("SD&A"). For the year ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, the costs reclassified from cost of sales to SD&A, included within continuingacquisition.

The Company's discontinued operations was $21.8 million, $38.9 million and $34.0 million, respectively,

As disclosed in our Form 8-K dated March 31, 2017, on March 24, 2017, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company executed a definitive securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain special purpose companies formed by Hilco Capital Limited (“Hilco” and together withinclude its management team partners, “Purchaser”).  Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Purchaser acquired all of the Company’s interests in Systemax Europe SARL, which included its subsidiaries, Systemax Business Services K.F.T., Misco UK Limited, Systemax Italy S.R.L., Misco Iberia Computer Supplies S.L., Misco AB, Global Directmail B.V. and Misco Solutions B.V. (collectively, the “SARL Businesses”). The SARL businesses were reported within the Company's Europeanformer North American Technology Products Group ("ETG") segment. The transaction closed immediately upon execution of the Purchase Agreement.

The Company retained its France technology value added reseller business, which is conducted throughwas sold in December 2015 and has been winding down its subsidiary, Inmac Wstore S.A.S., which was not part of the sale transaction.

The SARL Businesses were sold on a cash-free, debt-free basis; proceeds were nominal.   As part of the transaction, the Company retained a 5% residual equity position in the Purchaser’s acquiring entity, HUK 77 Limited, which is being accounted for on the cost method, to which no value was ascribed, a $3.3 million note receivable ($2.2 million balance at December 31, 2017 which was paid in full in January 2018) and provided limited transition services to Purchaser through December 19, 2017 under a transition services agreement. The note receivable is included in accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017.

operations since then. The sale of the SARL Businessesthis business met the “strategic shift with major impact” criteria as defined under Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which requires disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meettherefore, the definition of a discontinued operation. Under ASU 2014-08 in order for a disposal to qualify for discontinued operations presentation in the financial statements, the disposal must be a "strategic shift" with a major impact for the reporting entity. If an entity meets this threshold, and other requirements, only the components that were in operation at the time of disposal are presented as discontinued operations. Therefore, the current year and prior year results of the SARL Businessesformer North American Technology business are included in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.


TheRelated Party Transactions

During 2023 and 2022, the Company sold certain assetsincurred a de minimis amount of its Misco Germany businessrelated party transactions other than those disclosed within the leases disclosure. During 2021, the Company recorded approximately $3.1 million in 2016,professional fee expense from a law firm which had been reported as partemploys an immediate family member of its ETG segment. As this disposition was not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-08, prior year resultsone of the Misco Germany operations are presented within continuing operations. Also in 2016, the Company sold its rebate processing business, which had been reported as part of its Corporate segment, and this disposition was also not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-08, prior year results of the rebate processing business are presented within continuing operations.Company's Vice Chairmen.


In 2015, the Company announced a restructuring of its NATG business in March 2015. The NATG segment sold products categorized as Information and Communications Technology (“ICT”) and Consumer Electronics (“CE”) products.  These products included computers, computer supplies and consumer electronics which were marketed in North America. The Company followed the guidance under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-8, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which required disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation.   Under ASU 2014-8 in order for a disposal to qualify for discontinued operations presentation in the financial statements, the disposal must be a “strategic shift” with a major impact for the reporting entity. If the entity meets this threshold, only the components that were in operation at the time of disposal are presented as discontinued operations. The sale of the NATG business in December 2015 had a major impact on the Company and therefore met the strategic shift criteria. The NATG components in operation at the time of the sale were the B2B and Ecommerce businesses


2.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
and three remaining retail stores. Accordingly, these components and the results of operations have been adjusted in the accompanying financial statements to reflect their presentation in discontinued operations.
Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Systemax Inc.Global Industrial Company, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Systemax”).subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

ReclassificationsCertain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to current year presentation. As previously disclosed, in the second quarter of 2017 and for all periods presented the Company modified the presentation of certain costs associated with operating our distribution centers as well as with our Purchasing and Product Development personnel. Historically these costs had been included as a component of cost of sales and are now included within Selling, Distribution and Administrative expenses ("SD&A"). For the year ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, the costs reclassified from cost of sales to SD&A, included within continuing operations, was $21.8 million, $38.9 million and $34.0 million, respectively,
Fiscal Year — The Company’s fiscal year ends at midnight on the Saturday closest to December 31. For clarity of presentation herein, all fiscal years are referred to as if they ended on December 31. The fiscal year is divided into four fiscal quarters that each end at midnight on a Saturday.  Fiscal quarters will typically include 13 weeks, but the fourth quarter will include 14 weeks in a 53 week fiscal year.  For clarity of presentation herein, all fiscal quarters are referred to as if they ended on the traditional calendar month. The full year of 20172023, 2022 and 20162021 included 52 weeks compared to 2015 which had 53 weeks.
 
Use of Estimates Inin Financial Statements — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current business factors, and various other assumptions that the Company believes are necessary to consider to form a basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, the recorded amounts of revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company is subject to uncertainties such as the impact of future events, economic and political factors, and changes in the Company’s business environment, therefore, actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Changes in estimates are made when circumstances warrant. Such changes in estimates and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in reported results of operations; if material, the effects of changes in estimates are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the allowance for doubtful accounts, salescredit losses, product returns and allowances,liabilities, inventory reserves, allowances for cooperative advertising, vendor drop shipments, the carrying value of long‑lived assets (including goodwill and intangible assets), capitalization and amortization of software development costs, the provision for income taxes and related deferred tax accounts, certain accrued liabilities, revenue recognition, contingencies, sub-rental lease income,goodwill and intangible assets, litigation and related legal accruals and the value attributed to employee stock options and other stock‑based awards.accruals.

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Foreign Currency Translation — The Company has operations in numerous foreign countries. The functional currency of each foreign country is the local currency.  The financial statements of the Company’s foreign entities are translated into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency, using year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities, year to date average exchange rates for the statement of operations items and historical rates for equity accounts. Translation gains or losses are recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.


Cash and cash equivalents — The Company considers amounts held in money market accounts and other short-term investments, including overnight bank deposits, with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash. Cash overdrafts are classified in accounts payable.


Inventories — Inventories consist primarily of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by using the first-in, first-out method except in ETG where anor the average cost method. The Company estimates the net realizable value of its inventory by considering factors such as inventory levels, historical write-off information, market conditions, estimated direct selling costs and physical condition of the inventory.

Leases — The Company has operating and finance leases for office and warehouse facilities, headquarters, call centers, machinery and certain computer and communications equipment which provide the right to use the underlying assets in exchange for agreed upon lease payments, determined by the payment schedule contained in each lease. The Company determines if an arrangement is used.an operating or finance lease at the inception of the lease. The Company has elected not to apply recognition requirements to leases with terms of one year or less. All other leases are recorded on the balance sheet, with Operating lease Right-of-Use ("ROU") assets representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and Operating lease liabilities representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The ROU assets and corresponding liabilities are recorded based upon the net present value of the lease payments, discounted using interest rates determined by utilizing such factors as the Company's current credit facility terms, length of the lease term, the Company's expected debt credit rating and comparable company term loan yields. Certain leases may include options to extend the lease, however, the Company is not including any impact of such options in the valuation of its ROU assets or liabilities as they are not probable of being extended. The Company's lease agreements do not contain residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. The Company has sublease agreements for unused space as well as excess space in facilities we are currently occupying.


The Company’s lease portfolio consists primarily of operating leases which expire at various dates through 2032.

Property, Plant and Equipment — Property, plant and equipment isare stated at cost. Furniture, fixtures and equipment including equipment under capital leases, are depreciated using the straight-line or accelerated method over their estimated useful lives ranging from three years to tenfifteen years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives or the term of the respective leases.During 2023, the Company disposed of property, plant and equipment and accumulated depreciation of approximately $1.3 million. During 2022, the Company disposed of property, plant and equipment of approximately $3.0 million and accumulated depreciation of approximately $2.9 million.


Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations in the period realized.




Internal-Use Software - Internal‑use software is included in fixed assets and is amortized on a straight‑line basis over 3 years. The Company capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to minor upgrades, minor enhancements and maintenance activities are expensed as incurred.

Evaluation of Long-lived AssetsLong livedLong-lived assets are assets used in the Company’s operations and include definite-lived intangible assets, leasehold improvements, warehouseoperating lease right of use assets, property and similar propertyequipment used to generate sales and cash flows. Long livedLong-lived assets are testedevaluated for impairment utilizing a recoverability test. The recoverability test comparesby reviewing operating results, cash flows, future operating forecasts and anticipated future cash flows. Impairment is assessed by evaluating the carrying value of an asset group to theestimated undiscounted cash flows directly attributable to the asset group over the life of the primary asset.asset’s remaining life. If the undiscounted cash flows of an asset group is less than the carrying value of the asset group, the fair value of the asset group is then measured. If the fair value is also determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset group, the asset group is impaired.

In 2016,impaired and an impairment charge of approximately $1.7 million was recorded in the ETG segment discontinued operations in the United Kingdom as a result of negative cash flows in the business. .loss is recorded..


Business Combinations — The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred and liabilities assumed by the Company to the sellers and equity instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of (i) the total costs of acquisition over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets — Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired assets over the fair value of the assets acquired. Indefinite lived intangible assets are assets acquired in an acquisition that are non-amortizing. The Company operates in three reporting units and in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, the Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment. The Company performs a qualitative assessment of goodwillcurrent circumstances, such as a reporting units' operating results, cash flows, future operating forecasts and anticipated future cash flows to determine whetherthe existence of impairment indicators and to assess if it is more likely than not that the fair value of athe reporting unit or an indefinite lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount.value. If the qualitative assessment showsit
53

is determined that the fair value of the reporting unit exceedsor an indefinite lived intangible asset may be less than its carrying amount,value, the company is not required to complete the annual two step goodwillCompany will do a quantitative impairment test. If aIn the quantitative analysis is required to be performed for goodwill,test the faircarrying value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill has been assignedor an indefinite-lived intangible asset is determined using a discounted cash flow model.  A discounted cash flow model is also used to determinecalculated and compared with its fair value of indefinite-lived intangibles using projected cash flows of the intangible. Unobservable inputs related to these discounted cash flow models include projected sales growth, gross margin percentages, new business opportunities, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and growth in selling, distribution and administrative expense.value. Any excess of a reporting unit'sthe carrying amountvalue over fair value would be charged tois recorded as an impairment expense.loss.


For non-amortizing intangibles the Company performs a qualitative assessment to determine if there are indicators of impairment. If indicators of impairment exist, a fair market value analysis of the intangibles would be completed using a discounted cash flow model with inputs such as projected sales growth, gross margin percentages, new business opportunities, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and selling, distribution and administrative expense. Any excess of book carrying value over the fair market value of the intangible asset determined in the analysis would be charged to impairment expense.

In December 2016, the Company conducted an evaluation of the intangible assets in its ETG discontinued operations segment and IPG segment and concluded that assets were impaired in the United Kingdom and Mexico operations and impairment charges of approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, was recorded in the fourth quarter.

Income Taxes — The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and tax credit carry forwards and net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.


The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and a valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not expected to be realized.

The Company recognizes and measures uncertain tax positions using a two‑step approach. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Significant judgment is required to evaluate uncertain tax positions. The Company evaluates its uncertain tax positions on a regular basis. Its evaluations are based on a number of factors, including changes in facts and circumstances, changes in tax law, correspondence with tax authorities during the course of audit and effective settlement of audit issues. The Company’s


policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable —In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers to transfer goods and services. The new revenue recognition standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018. The new standard is required to be adopted using either a full-retrospective or a modified-retrospective approach. The Company will adopt the standard using the modified-retrospective approach beginning in 2018. The Company has completed an impact assessment and has determined that there will be no material impact to total revenues in our consolidated statements of income, accounting policies, business processes, internal controls or disclosures.

The Company recognizes sales of products, including shipping revenue, when persuasive evidence of an order arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. Generally, these criteria are met at the time the product is received by the customers when title and risk of loss have transferred except in our Industrial Products segment where title and risk pass at time of shipment. Allowances for estimated subsequent customer returns, rebates and sales incentives are provided when revenues are recorded. Revenues exclude sales tax collected. The Company evaluates collectability of accounts receivable based on numerous factors, including past transaction history with customers and their credit rating and provides a reserve for accounts that are potentially uncollectible. Trade receivables are generally written off once all collection efforts have been exhausted. Accounts receivable are shown in the consolidated balance sheets net of allowances for doubtful collections and subsequent customer returns.

Shipping and Handling Costs— The Company recognizes shipping and handling costs in cost of sales.

Advertising Costs — Expenditures for internet, television, local radio and newspaper advertising are expensed in the period the advertising takes place. Catalog preparation, printing and postage expenditures are amortized over the period of catalog distribution during which the benefits are expected, generally one to four months.

Net advertising expenses were $67.0 million, $71.4 million and $74.4 million during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations within continuing and discontinued operations.  Of the previously mentioned amounts, ETG discontinued operations net advertising expenses totaled $0.6 million during 2017 and $2.5 million during 2016 and 2015. NATG discontinued operations net advertising expenses totaled $0.3 million, $1.5 million and $7.5 million during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For 2017 and 2016 NATG advertising expense was primarily related to the wind down of outstanding accounts. The Company utilizes advertising programs to drive traffic to its websites, support vendors, including catalogs, internet and magazine advertising, and receives payments and credits from vendors, including consideration pursuant to volume incentive programs and cooperative marketing programs. The Company accounts for consideration from vendors as a reduction of cost of sales unless certain conditions are met showing that the funds are used for specific, incremental, identifiable costs, in which case the consideration is accounted for as a reduction in the related expense category, such as advertising expense. The amount of vendor consideration recorded as a reduction of selling, distribution and administrative expenses totaled $5.8 million, $6.4 million and $20.2 million during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Of the previously mentioned amounts, ETG discontinued operations amount of vendor consideration was $0.4 million, $2.6 million and $3.3 million during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. NATG discontinued operations vendor consideration for 2016 was $0.9 million in costs due primarily to vendor balance reconciliations and for 2015, NATG operations vendor consideration of $12.1 million was recorded as a reduction of selling, distribution and administrative expenses primarily in discontinued operations.

Stock Based Compensation — In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which modifies certain accounting aspects for share-based payments to employees including, among other elements, the accounting for income taxes and forfeitures, as well as classifications in the statement of cash flows.  The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017 and its adoption did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations when implemented in the first quarter of 2017. Under this guidance, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement rather than paid-in capital, which is a change required to be applied on a prospective basis in accordance with the new guidance. We adopted the cash flow presentation that requires presentation of excess tax benefits within operating activities on a prospective basis. Accordingly, for the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded discrete income tax benefits in the consolidated statement of operations of approximately $0.8 million, for excess tax benefits related to equity compensation. Additional amendments to the accounting for income taxes and minimum statutory withholding tax requirements had no impact on our results of operations. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares is disclosed in our consolidated statement of cash flows and has been applied retrospectively, Cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares was immaterial for 2016 and 2015.



The fair value of employee share options is recognized in expense over the vesting period of the options, using the graded attribution method.  The fair value of employee share options is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has used historical volatility in its estimate of expected volatility. The expected life represents the period of time (in years) for which the options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve. Stock-based compensation expense includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized over the expected term of the award.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share – Net income per common share - basic is calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods presented using the two class method of computing earnings per share. The two class method was used as the Company has outstanding restricted stock with rights to dividend participation for unvested shares.  Net income per common share - diluted was calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and included the equivalent shares for dilutive options outstanding during the respective periods, including unvested options. The dilutive effect of outstanding options and restricted stock issued by the Company is reflected in net income per share - diluted using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, options will only have a dilutive effect when the average market price of common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options.

The weighted average number of stock options outstanding included in the computation of diluted earnings per share was 0.4 million and the weighted average number of restricted stock awards included in the computation of diluted earnings per share was 0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Shares used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock of the Company outstanding would have been anti‑dilutive.  The weighted average number of stock options and restricted stock awards outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted income (loss) per share was 0.04 million shares, 1.3 million shares, and 1.0 million shares for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, due to their antidilutive effect.

Employee Benefit Plans- The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries participate in a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all U.S. employees.  Employees may invest 1% or more of their eligible compensation, limited to maximum amounts as determined by the Internal Revenue Service.  The Company provides a matching contribution to the plan, determined as a percentage of the employees’ contributions.  Aggregate expense to the Company for contributions to the plan was approximately $0.7 million in 2017, $0.4 million in 2016 and $0.9 million in 2015, respectively and of these amounts, NATG operations expense was zero in each of 2017 and 2016 and $0.4 million in 2015.

Fair Value Measurements - Financial instruments consist primarily of investments in cash, trade accounts receivable, debt and accounts payable.  The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments based on interest rates available to the Company.  At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. Cash is classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.  The Company’s debt is considered to be representative of its fair value because of its variable interest rate. The weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings was4.7%, 4.7% and 4.3%, in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The fair value of goodwill, non-amortizing intangibles and long lived assets is measured in connection with the Company’s annual impairment testing as discussed above.

Significant Concentrations -Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and accounts receivable.  The Company’s excess cash balances are invested with money center banks.  Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers and their geographic dispersion comprising the Company’s customer base.  The Company also performs on-going credit evaluations and maintains allowances for potential losses as warranted.

The Company purchases substantially all of our products and components directly from manufacturers and large wholesale distributors.  Two vendors accounted for 10% of more of our purchases in continuing operations in 2017: one vendor accounted for 16.0% and another vendor accounted for 12.0%. In 2016, two vendors accounted for 10% or more of our purchases: each vendor accounted for 13.6% of our purchases and in 2015, one vendor accounted for 11.2% and another accounted for 11.1% of our purchases.   

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Public companies in the United States are subject to the accounting and reporting requirements of various authorities, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These authorities


issue numerous pronouncements, most of which are not applicable to the Company’s current or reasonably foreseeable operating structure. Below are the new authoritative pronouncements that management believes are relevant to Company’s current operations.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard that amends the guidance for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers to transfer goods and services. The new revenue recognition standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018. The new standard is required to be adopted using either a full-retrospective or a modified-retrospective approach. The Company will adopt these standards using the modified-retrospective approach beginning on January 1, 2018. The Company has completed an impact assessment and has determined that there will be no material impact to total revenues in our consolidated statements of income, accounting policies, business processes, internal controls or disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-2 related to leases that outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model and supersedes the current lease guidance. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The new guidance must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach and will be effective for the Company starting in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which modifies certain accounting aspects for share-based payments to employees including, among other elements, the accounting for income taxes and forfeitures, as well as classifications in the statement of cash flows.  The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017 and its adoption did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations when implemented in the first quarter of 2017. Under this guidance, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement rather than paid-in capital, which is a change required to be applied on a prospective basis in accordance with the new guidance. We adopted the cash flow presentation that requires presentation of excess tax benefits within operating activities on a prospective basis. Accordingly, for the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded discrete income tax benefits in the consolidated statement of operations of approximately $0.8 million, for excess tax benefits related to equity compensation. Additional amendments to the accounting for income taxes and minimum statutory withholding tax requirements had no impact on our results of operations. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares is disclosed in our consolidated statement of cash flows and has been applied retrospectively, Cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares was immaterial for 2016 and 2015.


In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the second step from the goodwill impairment test. An entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity will recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, but the loss cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this pronouncement.

2.    DISPOSITIONS AND SPECIAL CHARGES
For 2017 and prior year periods the Company’s discontinued operations include the results of the SARL Businesses sold in March 2017 and the NATG business sold in December 2015 (See Note 1). The loss on the sale of the SARL Businesses totaled $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, which included an $8.2 million loss on the sale of net assets, $14.4 million of cumulative translation adjustments, $1.1 million of legal, professional and other costs, $0.8 million recovery from settlement of an outstanding obligation related to the sale, $0.3 million of severance and other personnel costs and $0.5 million of costs related to a transitional services agreement. Of these charges previously mentioned, $1.4 million required the use of cash.

NATG discontinued operations incurred special charges of approximately $6.9 million throughout the year ended December 31, 2017, of which $6.2 million primarily related to updating our future lease cash flows and $0.7 million related to ongoing restitution proceedings against certain former NATG executives.



Below is a summary of the impact on net sales and net loss and loss per share from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

A reconciliation of pretax loss of Discontinued operations to the Net loss of discontinued operations is as follows:

 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Net sales$117.0
 $521.6
 $1,664.6
Cost of sales102.9
 461.6
 1,516.8
Gross profit14.1
 60.0
 147.8
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses22.1
 96.9
 221.0
Special charges, net30.6
 11.5
 2.6
Operating loss from discontinued operations(38.6) (48.4) (75.8)
Foreign currency exchange loss0.8
 
 1.8
Interest and other expense (income), net
 0.3
 0.3
Loss of discontinued operations before income taxes(39.4) (48.7) (77.9)
Provision (benefit) for income tax(3.7) 0.8
 (2.1)
Net loss from discontinued operations$(35.7) $(49.5) $(75.8)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted$(0.96) $(1.33) $(2.04)
In September 2016 the Company sold the operating business of Misco Germany and in December 2016 the Company sold its rebate processing business. These divestitures were not considered a major strategic shift and the results of these businesses are reflected in continuing operations.

In 2017 the Company incurred special charges of $30.9 million, of which $0.3 million is included in continuing operations within the NATG segment and $30.6 million is included in discontinued operations within the ETG and NATG segments.
The Company expects that total additional charges related to the sale of the SARL Businesses will be less than $1.0 million which will be presented in discontinued operations.

The Company’s NATG segment incurred special charges for the year ended December 31, 2017 of approximately $7.2 million, with approximately $6.5 million related to updating our future lease cash flows expectations related to previously exited retail stores of which $0.3 million is included in continuing operations, and $6.2 million in discontinued operations as these charges related to the distribution center and the NATG corporate headquarters, and $0.7 million related to ongoing restitution proceedings against certain former NATG executives which is included in discontinued operations. Amounts that are unpaid at December 31, 2017 are recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The following table details the associated liabilities related to the ETG segment's severance and other costs recorded within discontinued operations, other restructuring charges that remain for the sale of Germany business in 2016 that is included in continuing operations and the NATG segment's lease liabilities and other costs and (in millions):
 ETG - Severance and other costs 
ETG – Lease
liabilities and
other costs
 
NATG – Workforce
reductions
 
NATG – Lease
liabilities and
other exit costs
 Total
Balance January 1, 2017$
 $1.2
 $
 $19.3
 $20.5
Charged to expense0.3
 
 
 6.5
 6.8
Paid or otherwise settled(0.3) 
 
 (6.8) (7.1)
Balance December 31, 2017$
 $1.2
 $
 $19.0
 $20.2
The following table details the associated liabilities incurred related to the Technology Products segments special charges (in millions) for 2016:



 
ETG -
Workforce
Reductions and
Personnel Costs
 ETG – Lease
liabilities and
other costs
 
NATG-
Workforce
Reductions
 NATG – Lease
liabilities and
other exit costs
 Total
Balance, January 1, 2016$0.3
 $
 $2.7
 $16.3
 $19.3
Charged to expense
 1.9
 0.2
 16.9
 19.0
Paid or otherwise settled(0.3) (0.7) (2.9) (13.9) (17.8)
Balance, December 31, 2016$
 $1.2
 $
 $19.3
 $20.5


3.    GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets:

The following table provides information related to the carrying value of goodwill (in millions):

 December 31, December 31,
 2017 2016
Balance, January 1$7.6
 $9.2
Impairment
 (0.4)
Reclassified to discontinued operations due to sale
 (1.2)
Balance, December 31$7.6
 $7.6
Due to the sale of the SARL businesses in March 2017, the Company has reclassified $1.2 million of goodwill at December 31, 2016, to long-term assets from discontinued operations.

In 2017, in the ETG segment, $1.8 million of trademarks that were considered definite-lived intangibles in the prior year are now considered indefinite lived based upon changes in circumstances. The following table provides information related to the carrying value of indefinite lived intangibles as of December 31, 2017 (in millions):
 December 31, December 31,
 2017 2016
Balance, January 1$0.7
 $0.7
France trademark1.8
 
Balance, December 31$2.5
 $0.7
    

Definite-lived intangible assets:
The following table summarizes information related to definite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 (in millions):


 December 31, 2017
 Amortization
Period (Years)
 Gross Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Book Value Weighted avg
useful life
Client lists5-10 yrs $2.3
 $0.9
 $1.4
 7.0
Leases3-6 yrs 0.8
 0.4
 0.4
 3.1
Domain name5 yrs 3.4
 0.8
 2.6
 3.8
Total  $6.5
 $2.1
 $4.4
 4.8

Due to the sale of the SARL businesses, the Company has reclassified net book value of definite-lived intangible assets of approximately $0.4 million to long term assets of discontinued operations. Also, in 2017, $1.8 million of trademarks that were considered definite-lived assets in the prior year is now considered indefinite-lived based upon changes in circumstances.

The following table summarizes information related to definite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2016 (in millions):

 December 31, 2016
 Amortization
Period (Years)
 Gross Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Book Value Weighted avg
useful life
Client lists5-10 yrs $2.3
 $0.6
 $1.7
 8.0
Leases3-6 yrs 0.8
 0.3
 0.5
 4.1
Domain name5 yrs 3.4
 0.2
 3.2
 4.8
          
Total  $6.5
 $1.1
 $5.4
 5.7

The aggregate amortization expense for these intangibles was approximately $1.0 million in 2017. The estimated amortization for future years ending December 31 is as follows (in millions):

2018$1.0
20191.0
20201.1
20210.7
2022 and after$0.6
Total$4.4
4.    PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following (in millions):

 December 31,
 2017 2016
Land improvements$0.8
 $0.8
Furniture and fixtures, office, computer and other equipment and software48.8
 47.1
Leasehold improvements16.8
 14.6
 66.4
 62.5
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization51.3
 46.1
Property, plant and equipment, net$15.1
 $16.4


Due to the sale of the SARL businesses in March 2017, net property, plant and equipment, at December 31, 2016, of $13.1 million, including capital leases of $0.2 million, have been reclassified to long term assets of discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheets.

Included in property, plant and equipment are assets under capital leases, as follows (in millions):

 2017 2016
Office, computer and other equipment$6.0
 $5.7
Less: Accumulated amortization5.6
 5.4
 $0.4
 $0.3

Depreciation charged to continuing operations for property, plant and equipment including capital leases in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $3.9 million, $4.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively.  ETG and NATG discontinued operations total depreciation expense was $0.4 million, $3.1 million and $5.5 million, for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

5.    CREDIT FACILITIES

The Company maintains a $75 million secured revolving credit agreement with one financial institution which has a five year term, maturing on October 28, 2021 and provides for borrowings in the United States.  The credit agreement contains certain operating, financial and other covenants, including limits on annual levels of capital expenditures, availability tests related to payments of dividends and stock repurchases and fixed charge coverage tests related to acquisitions.  The revolving credit agreement requires that a minimum level of availability be maintained. If such availability is not maintained, the Company will be required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined).  The borrowings under the agreement are subject to borrowing base limitations of up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable and the inventory advance rate computed as the lesser of 60% or 85% of the net orderly liquidation value (“NOLV”).   Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the borrower’s assets, as defined, including all accounts, accounts receivable, inventory and certain other assets, subject to limited exceptions, including the exclusion of certain foreign assets from the collateral.  The interest rate under the amended and restated facility is computed at applicable market rates based on the London interbank offered rate (“LIBO”), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“NYFRB”) or the Prime Rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin varies based on borrowing base availability.  As of December 31, 2017, eligible collateral under the credit agreement was $74.6 million, total availability was $73.1 million, total outstanding letters of credit were $2.9 million, total excess availability was $70.2 million and there were no outstanding borrowings.  The Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of the credit agreement in place as of December 31, 2017.
6.    ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in millions):

 December 31,
 2017 2016
Payroll and employee benefits$23.1
 $18.6
Advertising6.5
 6.3
Sales and VAT tax payable4.7
 3.4
Freight4.0
 3.2
Reorganization costs8.1
 7.6
Income taxes payable7.6
 0.6
Other10.0
 9.5
 $64.0
 $49.2
7.    SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-Based Compensation Plans



The Company currently has three equity compensation plans which reserve shares of common stock for issuance to key employees, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company. The following is a description of these plans:

The1999 Long-term Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (“1999 Plan”) - This plan was adopted in October 1999 with substantially the same terms and provisions as the 1995 Long-term Stock Incentive Plan. The number of shares that may be granted under this plan to a maximum of 7,500,000. The maximum number of shares granted per type of award to any individual may not exceed 1,500,000 in any calendar year and 3,000,000 in total. The ability to grant new awards under this plan ended on December 31, 2009 but awards granted prior to such date continue until their expiration.  A total of 158,375 options were outstanding under this plan as of December 31, 2017.

The 2006 Stock Incentive Plan For Non-Employee Directors - This plan, adopted by the Company’s stockholders in October, 2006, replaces the 1995 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. The Company adopted the plan so that it could offer directors of the Company who are not employees of the Company or of any entity in which the Company has more than a 50% equity interest (“independent directors”) an opportunity to participate in the ownership of the Company by receiving options to purchase shares of common stock at a price equal to the fair market value at the date of grant of the option and restricted stock awards. Awards for a maximum of 200,000 shares may be granted under this plan. A total of 5,000 options were outstanding under this plan as of December 31, 2017.

The 2010 Long-term Stock Incentive Plan (“2010 Plan”) - This plan was adopted in April 2010 with substantially the same terms and provisions as the 1999 Long-term Stock Incentive Plan. The maximum number of shares granted per type of award to any individual may not exceed 1,500,000 in any calendar year. Restricted stock grants and common stock awards reduce stock options otherwise available for future grant. Awards for a maximum of 7,500,000 shares may be granted under this plan. A total of 837,925 options and 191,267 restricted stock units were outstanding under this plan as of December 31, 2017.

Shares issued under our share-based compensation plans are usually issued from shares of our common stock held in the treasury.

Compensation cost related to non-qualified stock options recognized in operating results (selling, distribution and administrative expense) for 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $1.1 million, $0.8 million, and $0.2 million respectively, and of these amounts ETG segment's compensation cost related to non-qualified stock options was de minimis in 2017, approximately $0.1 million in 2016 and de minimis in 2015. NATG segment’s compensation cost related to non-qualified stock options was de minimis in 2016 and 2015. The related future income tax benefits recognized for 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Stock Options

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015:

 2017 2016 2015
Expected annual dividend yield2.4% % %
Risk-free interest rate2.26% 1.64% 1.73%
Expected volatility48.9% 44.4% 40.2%
Expected life in years4.00
 7.10
 6.30


The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options:

 Weighted Average
 2017 2016 2015
 Shares Weighted
Avg. Exercise
Price
 Shares Weighted
Avg. Exercise
Price
 Shares Weighted
Avg. Exercise
Price
Outstanding at beginning of year1,410,250
 $12.57
 954,625
 $15.98
 1,127,250
 $16.12
Granted10,000
 $24.36
 670,000
 $8.43
 25,000
 $10.62
Exercised(138,450) $13.49
 
 $
 (4,000) $6.30
Cancelled or expired(280,500) $16.04
 (214,375) $14.86
 (193,625) $16.29
Outstanding at end of year1,001,300
 $11.58
 1,410,250
 $12.57
 954,625
 $15.98
            
Options exercisable at year end588,802
  
 750,250
  
 832,125
  
Weighted average fair value per option granted during the year$10.69
  
 $3.94
  
 $4.44
  
The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $1.3 million in 2017 and de minimis in 2016 and 2015.

The following table summarizes information about options vested and exercisable or nonvested that are expected to vest (nonvested outstanding less expected forfeitures) at December 31, 2017:

Range of Exercise Prices 
Number
Exercisable
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in
millions)
$5.00
to$10.00
 505,738
 $8.53
 8.34 $12.5
$10.01
to$15.00
 306,375
 $13.00
 2.63 6.2
$15.01
to$20.00
 156,600
 $18.32
 4.47 2.3
$20.01
to$24.36
 10,000
 $24.36
 9.61 0.1
$5.00
to$24.36
 978,713
 $11.66
 5.94 $21.1
The aggregate intrinsic value in the tables above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last day of trading in 2017 and the exercise price) that would have been received by the option holders had all options been exercised on December 31, 2017. This value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock.

The following table reflects the activity for all unvested stock options during 2017:

 Shares 
Weighted
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2017660,000
 $4.02
Granted10,000
 $10.69
Vested(176,252) $4.84
Forfeited(81,250) $3.21
Unvested at December 31, 2017412,498
 $4.93



At December 31, 2017, there was approximately $1.0 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4714611872 . The total fair value of stock options vested during 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $0.9 million, $0.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

In August 2010, the Company granted 175,000 RSUs under the 2010 Plan to a key employee who is also a Company director.  These RSUs have none of the rights as other shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. This RSU award was a non-performance award which vests in ten equal annual installments of 17,500 units beginning May 15, 2011 and each May 15, thereafter.  Compensation expense related to this RSU award was approximately $0.1 million in 2017 and 2016 and $0.2 million during 2015.

In November 2011, the Company granted 100,000 RSUs under the 2010 Plan to a key employee who is also a Company director. These RSUs have none of the rights as other shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. This RSU award was a non-performance award which vests in ten equal annual installments of 10,000 units beginning November 14, 2012 and each November 14 thereafter.  Compensation expense related to this RSU award was approximately $0.1 million in 2017 and 2016 and $0.2 million, during 2015.

In January 2012 and March 2012, the Company granted 50,000 RSUs under the 2010 Plan to each of two key employees.  These RSUs have none of the rights as other shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. These RSU awards were non-performance awards which vest in ten equal annual installments of 10,000 units beginning January 3, 2013 and March 1, 2013, respectively, and each January 3 and March 1, thereafter. The termination without cause of one of these key employees during 2015 caused the accelerated vesting of the remaining 35,000 shares in accordance with the restricted stock agreement with the Company.  Compensation expense related to the remaining RSU award was approximately $0.1 million in 2017 and 2016 and combined compensation expense was approximately $0.4 million in 2015.

In July 2015, the Company granted 23,620 RSUs under the 2010 Plan to, at that time, a key employee. These RSU's had none of the rights as other shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. This RSU award was a non-performance award which was to vest in four equal annual installments of 5,905 units beginning July 6, 2015 and each July 6 thereafter.  This key employee was terminated in the third quarter of 2016 and this award was forfeited.   Compensation expense related to this RSU award was de minimis in 2016.

In February 2016, the Company granted 100,000 RSUs under the 2010 Plan to certain key employees, one of whom is also a Company director. These RSUs have none of the rights as other shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. The RSU awards were non-performance awards which vest in three annual installments beginning February 1, 2017. Compensation expense related to these RSU awards was approximately $0.2 million in 2017 and $0.5 million in 2016.

In October 2017 and November 2017, the Company granted 53,288 RSU's under the 2010 Plan to certain key employees. These RSUs have none of the rights as other shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. The RSU awarded in October 2017 was a non-performance award which vest in two installments: 1,844 units vested immediately and 1,844 units vest in April 2018. The RSU's granted in November 2017 of 49,600 units were performance awards which vest in up to three installments beginning December 2019. Combined compensation expense related to these performance and non-performance RSU awards was approximately $0.1 million during 2017.

Share-based compensation expense for restricted stock issued to Directors was $(0.1) million in 2017 due to the resignation of two Directors during the year and $0.1 million in each of 2016 and 2015. All of the above share-based compensation expense is recognized in selling, distribution and administrative expense in 2017, 2016 and 2015.

8.    INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("TCJA") was enacted in the United States. The TCJA significantly changes U.S. corporate tax impacts by, among other things, lowering the corporate tax rate to 21% from 35% effective January 1, 2018, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a one-time repatriation tax on previously untaxed, accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. As a result of the new tax law, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118"). SAB 118 allows companies to record the tax impacts of the new law as provisional amounts during a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date of the new law. The Company has recognized a provisional amount for the one-time repatriation tax of approximately $5.2 million and utilized its available net operating losses to offset this


tax. The Company expects to complete its analysis of the historical earnings and profits of all of its foreign subsidiaries and record any adjustment to the provisional amount within the one year measurement period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be in place in the year in which they are expected to reverse. As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its net deferred tax assets in the U.S. at December 31, 2017 and recorded tax expense of approximately $10.3 million. On December 31, 2017 the French Parliament adopted the Finance Law for 2018. Under this law, French corporate income tax rates are reduced from 33.33% to 25% over a five year period. As a result of the scheduled reductions in the French corporate income tax rate, the Company revalued its French net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recorded tax expense of approximately $0.5 million.

The Company will continue to analyze the impacts of the TCJA on its consolidated financial statements. Any additional impacts from the enactment of the TCJA will be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period.

The following table summarizes our U.S. and foreign components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
United States$47.8
 $8.6
 $(22.3)
Foreign23.0
 17.5
 10.6
Total$70.8
 $26.1
 $(11.7)

The following table summarizes the (benefit) provision for income taxes from continuing operations (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Current:     
Federal$0.7
 $0.1
 $3.1
State1.1
 1.2
 0.8
Foreign10.7
 3.8
 4.1
Total current$12.5
 $5.1
 $8.0
      
Deferred: 
  
  
Federal$(12.6) $
 $0.2
State(3.6) 1.1
 (0.2)
Foreign(1.6) 3.0
 4.3
Total deferred$(17.8) $4.1
 $4.3
TOTAL$(5.3) $9.2
 $12.3

Tax benefit (expense) from discontinued operations was $3.7 million, $(0.8) million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Income taxes are accrued and paid by each foreign entity in accordance with applicable local regulations.

A reconciliation of the difference between the income tax expense and the computed income tax expense based on the Federal statutory corporate rate is as follows (in millions):



 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Income tax at Federal statutory rate$24.8
 35.0 % $9.1
 35.0 % $(4.1) 35.0 %
Foreign taxes at rates different from the U.S. rate1.1
 1.6 % 0.8
 3.1 % 1.4
 (12.0)%
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit5.0
 7.1 % (0.7) (2.7)% (1.4) 12.0 %
Impact of state rate changes0.3
 0.5 % 1.4
 5.3 % 0.7
 (6.0)%
Changes in valuation allowances(21.7) (30.7)% (1.2) (4.6)% 15.9
 (135.8)%
Reversal of valuation allowances(29.4) (41.5)% 
  % 
  %
2017 TCJA, net deferred tax remeasurment and repatriation tax impacts15.7
 22.1 % 
  % 
  %
Non-deductible items(0.4) (0.6)% (0.3) (1.2)% 
  %
Other items, net(0.7) (1.0)% 0.1
 0.4 % (0.2) 1.7 %
Income tax$(5.3) (7.5)% $9.2
 35.3 % $12.3
 (105.1)%

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following (in millions):

 December 31,
 2017 2016
Assets:   
Accrued expenses and other liabilities$5.9
 $12.1
Inventory1.1
 1.5
Depreciation1.4
 0.6
Intangible & other8.1
 13.2
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards28.6
 46.5
Valuation allowances(18.9) (69.7)
Total non-current deferred tax assets26.2
 4.2
Liabilities: 
  
Non-current: 
  
Other$0.1
 $0.3
Total non-current liabilities$0.1
 $0.3

During 2017 the Company utilized approximately $26.4 million of U.S. federal net operating losses to offset U.S. federal pretax income and in the fourth quarter of 2017 the Company reversed approximately $29.4 million of valuation allowances against its U.S. federal and certain state deferred tax assets as the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be utilized. During the current year the Company recorded valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of approximately $0.6 million in jurisdictions where the Company has continued losses and the Company believes it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be utilized .

The Company has not provided for federal income taxes applicable to the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiary in India of approximately $1.4 million as of December 31, 2017, since these earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested. The Company has gross foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $33.9 million which expire through 2032 and gross U.S. federal net operating loss carry forwards of $35.9 million which expire through 2036. The Company records these benefits as assets to the extent that utilization of such assets is more likely than not; otherwise, a valuation allowance has been recorded. The Company has also provided valuation allowances for certain state deferred tax assets and net operating loss carryforwards where it is not likely they will be realized.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company has approximately $1.3 million in federal tax credit carryforwards expiring in years through 2026 and various amounts of state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards expiring through 2037.  The Company has recorded valuation allowances of approximately $18.9 million, including valuations against state deductibility of temporary differences including net operating losses carryforwards of $7.4 million, foreign tax credits of $1.3 million and tax effected temporary differences and net operating loss carryforwards in foreign jurisdictions of $10.2 million.



The Company is routinely audited by federal, state and foreign tax authorities with respect to its income taxes. The Company regularly reviews and evaluates the likelihood of audit assessments. The Company’s federal income tax returns have been audited through 2013. The Company has not signed any consent to extend the statute of limitations for any subsequent years. The Company’s significant state tax returns have been audited through 2009. The Company considers its significant tax jurisdictions in foreign locations to be France and Canada. The Company remains subject to examination in France for years after 2013 and in Canada for years after 2013.


In accordance with the guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes the Company recognizes the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit of an uncertain tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. To the extent we prevail in matters for which accruals have been established or are required to pay amounts in excess of accruals, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period could be affected.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable — The Company’s revenue is shown as “Net sales” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and is measured as the determined transaction price, net of any variable consideration consisting primarily of rights to return product. The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling revenues as activities to fulfill its performance obligation. Billingsfor freight and shipping and handling are recorded in net sales and costs of freight and shipping and handling are recorded in cost of sales in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company will record a contract liability in cases where customers pay in advance of the Company satisfying its performance obligation. The Company had approximately $3.3 million of contract obligations or liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and $0.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in the contract liability balance in 2023 is related to the Indoff acquisition.

The Company offers customers rights to return product within a certain time, usually 30 days. The Company estimates its sales returns liability quarterly based upon its historical return rates as a percentage of historical sales for the trailing twelve-month period. The total accrued sales returns liability was approximately $2.1 million at December 31, 2023 and $2.2 million at December 31, 2022, and was recorded as a refund liability in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Allowance for Credit Losses — The Company’s trade accounts receivable is one portfolio comprised of commercial businesses and public sector organizations operating in the U.S. and to a much lesser extent, Canada. The Company develops its allowances for credit losses, which represent an estimate of expected losses over the remaining contractual life of its receivables, considering customer financial condition, historical loss experience with its customers, current market economic conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions when appropriate. When the Company becomes aware of a customer's inability to meet its financial obligation, a specific reserve is recorded to reduce the receivable to the expected amount to be collected. For the balance of its trade receivables, the Company uses a loss rate method to estimate its credit loss reserve. Historical loss experience rates are calculated using receivable write offs over a trailing twelve-month period and comparing that to the average receivable balances over the same period. That rate is applied to the current accounts receivable portfolio, excluding accounts that have been specifically reserved. Any write offs incurred are recorded against the established reserves.

The Company grants credit to commercial business customers using an electronic application process that evaluates the customer's detailed credit report, reference responses, availability under credit facilities, existing liens, tenure of management and business history, among other factors. Credit terms are typically net 30 days payment required with larger businesses eligible for up to net 90 day terms, if qualified.

Shipping and Handling Costs — The Company recognizes shipping and handling costs in cost of sales.

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Table of Contents
Advertising Costs — Expenditures for internet, television, local radio and newspaper advertising are expensed in the period the advertising takes place. Catalog preparation, printing and postage expenditures are amortized over the fiscal year during which the benefits are expected.

Net advertising expenses were $79.8 million, $72.0 million and $65.3 million during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The Company utilizes advertising programs to drive traffic to its websites, support vendors, including catalogs, internet and magazine advertising, support brand awareness through sports marketing and other upper funnel brand advertising programs, and receives payments and credits from vendors, including consideration pursuant to volume incentive programs and cooperative marketing programs. The Company accounts for consideration from vendors as a reduction of cost of sales unless certain conditions are met showing that the funds are used for specific, incremental, identifiable costs, in which case the consideration is accounted for as a reduction in the related expense category, such as advertising expense.

Net Income Per Common Share — Net income per common share - basic is calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods presented using the two-class method of computing earnings per share. The two-class method was used as the Company has outstanding restricted stock with rights to dividend participation for unvested shares.  Undistributed net income is allocated between common shares outstanding and participating securities to the extent that each security may share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. Undistributed net losses are not allocated to our participating securities as these participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Net income per common share - diluted was calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and included the equivalent shares for dilutive options outstanding during the respective periods, including unvested options. The dilutive effect of outstanding options and restricted stock issued by the Company is reflected in net income per share - diluted using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, options will only have a dilutive effect when the average market price of common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options.

Employee Benefit Plans — The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries participate in a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering substantially all U.S. employees.  Employees may invest 1% or more of their eligible compensation, limited to maximum amounts as determined by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company provides a matching contribution to the plan, determined as a percentage of the employees’ contributions.  Aggregate expense to the Company for contributions to the plan was approximately $1.9 million in 2023 and $1.5 million in 2022 and $1.4 million in 2021.

Fair Value Measurements — Fair value accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value standards establish the fair value hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in valuation techniques. There are three levels to the fair value hierarchy (Level 1 is the highest priority and Level 3 is the lowest priority):
Level 1 -Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 -Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 -Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity

Financial instruments consist primarily of investments in cash, trade accounts receivable, debt and accounts payable. The Company determines the fair value of financial instruments based on interest rates available to the Company. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying amount of outstanding debt is considered to be representative of its respective fair values due to its variable interest rate. Cash is classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.  

The fair value of goodwill, non-amortizing intangibles and long-lived assets is measured in connection with the Company’s annual impairment testing as discussed above.

The weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings was7.6%in 2023, 4.4% in 2022 and 4.3% in 2021.

Significant Concentrations — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and accounts receivable.  The Company’s excess cash balances are invested with money center banks. 
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Table of Contents
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers and their geographic dispersion comprising the Company’s customer base.  The Company also performs on-going credit evaluations and maintains allowances for potential losses as warranted.

The Company purchases substantially all of its products and components directly from both large and small manufacturers as well as large wholesale distributors.  No supplier accounted for 10% or more of our product purchases in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Most private brand products are manufactured by third parties to our specifications.   

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Public companies in the United States are subject to the accounting and reporting requirements of various authorities, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These authorities issue numerous pronouncements, most of which are not applicable to the Company’s current or reasonably foreseeable operating structure.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires public business entities to disclose consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

3.CREDIT LOSSES

The following is a rollforward of the allowances for credit losses related to the Company's receivables for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):

December 31,
20232022
Balance at beginning of period$2.3 $2.5 
Current period provision3.2 1.6 
Write-offs - trade accounts receivable(2.6)(1.8)
Balance at end of period
$2.9 $2.3 




4.ACQUISITION

On May 19, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Indoff, a business-to-business direct marketer of material handling products, commercial interiors and business products with operations in North America, for approximately $72.6 million in cash, $5.2 million of which was placed into an escrow account for two years to secure the sellers’ indemnification obligations under the purchase agreement. Under the terms of the escrow agreement the escrow amount will be reduced to $2.5 million on the one year anniversary of the closing date. This acquisition expands the Company's presence in the MRO market in North America. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair value assigned to the identified intangible assets acquired were based on assumptions and estimates made by management. The total associated transaction costs of the acquisition were approximately $1.0 million and were recorded in selling, distribution and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company acquired in the transaction customer lists and trademark assets and will be amortizing them over a ten-year period which will result in approximately $3.0 million in annual amortization expense. The acquisition was an asset acquisition for tax purposes and as such, the customer lists, trademarks and goodwill resulting from this acquisition will be tax deductible over a fifteen-year period. The Indoff accounts are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.

The Company prepared a preliminary purchase price fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition. The fair value allocation has not yet been finalized, principally related to the measurement of the acquired
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net working capital. Amounts below could change, potentially materially, as we finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The following table details the preliminary fair values as of the acquisition date (in millions):

Purchase price:$72.6 
Less:
   Cash0.3 
   Accounts receivable23.0 
   Inventories4.6 
   Prepaid expenses and other current assets2.5 
   Property, plant and equipment0.3 
   Operating lease right-of-use assets0.8 
   Customer lists24.1 
   Trademarks6.2 
   Other assets0.1 
Total identifiable assets acquired$61.9 
   Accounts payable(12.9)
   Accrued expenses and other current liabilities(5.9)
   Deferred revenue(4.2)
   Operating lease liabilities(0.8)
Total identifiable liabilities acquired$(23.8)
Net identifiable assets acquired38.1 
Goodwill$34.5 
Total net assets acquired$72.6 

The amount allocated to goodwill reflects the benefits the Company expects to realize from the growth of the acquisition's operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Indoff generated revenue and net income of approximately $116.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

The Company’s unaudited pro forma revenue and net income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 below have been prepared as if the Indoff acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022. The pro forma information reflects certain adjustments related to the acquisition. This information is provided for illustrative purposes and does not purport to be indicative of the actual results that would have been achieved by the Company for the periods presented (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Net sales$1,338.0 $1,347.5 
Net income from continuing operations$73.3 $86.2 
Net income per common share, diluted, from continuing operations$1.92 $2.26 

Nonrecurring charges directly related to the transaction of approximately $1.1 million, net of tax, have been eliminated from 2023 net income from continuing operations. Results for 2023 include approximately $1.9 million of amortization expense, related to the intangible assets acquired.






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5.LEASES
The Company has operating and finance leases for office and warehouse facilities, headquarters, call centers, machinery and certain computer and communications equipment which provide the right to use the underlying assets in exchange for agreed upon lease payments, determined by the payment schedule contained in each lease. The Company’s lease portfolio consists primarily of operating leases which expire at various dates through 2032.

The Company's operating lease costs, included in continuing operations, was $17.0 million, $15.4 million and $13.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Information relating to operating leases for continuing and discontinued operations as of December 31, 2023 and, 2022:
Year Ended December 31,
 20232022
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases7.2 years8.2 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases5.4 %5.4 %
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating and finance lease obligations$6.3 $34.5 

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in millions):
Year Ending December 31Operating Leases
2024$19.0 
202517.8 
202615.7 
202711.9 
202812.0 
Thereafter41.2 
Total lease payments117.6 
Less: interest(22.1)
Total present value of lease liabilities$95.5 

The Company currently leases its headquarters office facility from an entity owned by the Company’s principal shareholders. Total rent expense recorded to related parties was $1.0 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The Company has sublease agreements for unused facilities which expire at various dates through 2028. Total sublease income of $4.1 million, $2.7 million and $1.3 million was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Future rent streams related to sublease agreements consists of $4.9 million to be collected in less than one year, $8.6 million to be collected between one and three years and $1.7 million to be collected between three and five years.


6.REVENUE

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Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company believes its presentation of revenue by geography most reasonably depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company's revenue and cash flows are affected by economic and industry factors, including fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. and Canada. The following table presents the Company's revenue, from continuing operations, by geography for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Net sales:
United States$1,206.3 $1,094.3 $993.9 
Canada68.0 71.8 69.2 
Consolidated$1,274.3 $1,166.1 $1,063.1 



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7.    GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

The following table provides information related to the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets (indefinite-lived and definite-lived) (in millions):

December 31,
20232022
Goodwill$40.0 $5.5 
Definite-lived intangibles28.6 0.4 
Indefinite-lived intangibles0.7 0.7 
Balances, December 31$69.3 $6.6 


Indefinite-lived intangible assets:

The following table provides information related to the carrying value of indefinite lived intangibles as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in millions):
December 31,
20232022
Domain names$0.7 $0.7 

Definite-lived intangible assets:
The following table summarizes information related to definite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 (in millions):
 December 31, 2023
Amortization
Period (Years)
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Book ValueWeighted avg
useful life
Client lists10 yrs$26.1 $3.3 $22.8 9.3
Trademarks10 yrs6.2 0.4 5.8 9.4
Total $32.3 $3.7 $28.6 9.3

The following table summarizes information related to definite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
 December 31, 2022
Amortization
Period (Years)
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Book ValueWeighted avg
useful life
Client lists10 yrs$2.0 $1.6 $0.4 2.1
Domain Name5 yrs3.4 3.4 0.0 0.0
Total $5.4 $5.0 $0.4 2.1

The aggregate amortization expense for these intangibles was approximately $2.1 million in 2023. The estimated amortization for future years ending December 31 is as follows (in millions):
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2024$3.2 
20253.0 
20263.0 
20273.0 
20283.0 
Thereafter13.4 
Total$28.6 

8.    DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The Company's discontinued operations include the former North American Technology Group which was sold in December 2015 and has been winding down operations since then (see Note 1).

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net loss from the discontinued North American Technology business was de minimis. Net income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 totaled $0.7 million and $33.2 million, respectively. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company recorded net income of approximately $22.7 million primarily related to the resolution of certain liabilities of its previously discontinued operations.

The Company has substantially completed the wind-down activities related to the former North American Technology Group business, although certain activities related to sublet facilities continue. The net assets and liabilities of discontinued operations are immaterial other than the exit costs. The Company expects that total additional exit charges related to discontinued operations after this year may aggregate up to $0.5 million.



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9.    PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following (in millions):
 December 31,
 20232022
Land improvements$0.8 $0.8 
Furniture and fixtures, office, computer and other equipment and software43.0 42.4 
Leasehold improvements15.6 14.2 
 59.4 57.4 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization39.4 36.4 
Property, plant and equipment, net$20.0 $21.0 
Depreciation charged to continuing operations for property, plant and equipment in 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $4.3 million, $3.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively, and is reported within selling, distribution and administrative expenses. During 2023, the Company disposed of property, plant and equipment and accumulated depreciation of $1.3 million. During 2022, the Company disposed of property, plant and equipment of approximately $3.0 million and accumulated depreciation of $2.9 million.

10.    CREDIT FACILITIES AND SHORT-TERM DEBT

The Company maintains a $125.0 million secured revolving credit facility with one financial institution. This facility has a five-year term, maturing on October 19, 2026 and provides for borrowings in the United States. The credit agreement contains certain operating, financial and other covenants, including limits on annual levels of capital expenditures, availability tests related to payments of dividends and stock repurchases and fixed charge coverage tests related to acquisitions.  The revolving credit agreement requires that a minimum level of availability be maintained. If such availability is not maintained, the Company will be required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined).  The borrowings under the agreement are subject to borrowing base limitations of up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable and the inventory advance rate computed as the lesser of 65% or 85% of the net orderly liquidation value (“NOLV”).   Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the borrower’s assets, as defined, including all accounts, accounts receivable, inventory and certain other assets, subject to limited exceptions, including the exclusion of certain foreign assets from the collateral.  The interest rate under the amended and restated facility is computed at applicable market rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“NYFRB”) or the Prime Rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin varies based on borrowing base availability.  As of December 31, 2017,2023, eligible collateral under the credit agreement was $105.4 million, total availability was $102.8 million, total outstanding letters of credit was $1.6 million, total excess availability was $101.2 million and there were no outstanding borrowings. The Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of the credit agreement in place as of December 31, 2023.
11.    ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in millions):
December 31,
 20232022
Payroll and employee benefits$23.0 $22.5 
Freight7.3 7.7 
Deferred revenue3.5 0.0 
Sales and GST taxes payable3.9 2.9 
Product returns liability2.1 2.2 
Other9.3 7.9 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$49.1 $43.2 
12. NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE

Net income per common share - basic was calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods presented using the two-class method of computing earnings per share.  The two-
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class method was used as the Company has outstanding restricted stock with rights to dividend participation for unvested shares. Undistributed net income is allocated between common shares outstanding and participating securities to the extent that each security may share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. Undistributed net losses are not allocated to our participating securities as these participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Net income per common share - diluted was calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and included the equivalent shares for dilutive options outstanding during the respective periods, including unvested options.  The dilutive effect of outstanding options and restricted stock issued by the Company is reflected in net income per share - diluted using the treasury stock method.  Under the treasury stock method, options will only have a dilutive effect when the average market price of common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share under the two-class method for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions, except for per share amounts):

Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Net income from continuing operations$70.7 $78.1 $70.1 
Less: Distributed net income available to participating securities(0.2)(0.1)(0.3)
Less: Undistributed net income available to participating securities(0.2)(0.2)0.0 
Numerator for basic net income per share:
Undistributed and distributed net income available to common shareholders$70.3 $77.8 $69.8 
Add: Undistributed net income allocated to participating securities0.2 0.2 0.0 
Less: Undistributed net income reallocated to participating securities(0.2)(0.2)0.0 
Numerator for diluted net income per share:
Undistributed and distributed net income available to common shareholders$70.3 $77.8 $69.8 
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic net income per share38.1 38.0 37.8
Effect of dilutive securities0.1 0.1 0.2
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted net income per share38.2 38.1 38.0 
Net income per share from continuing operations:
Basic$1.85 $2.05 $1.85 
Diluted$1.84 $2.04 $1.84 
Net income from discontinued operations$0.0 $0.7 $33.2 
Less: Distributed net income available to participating securities$0.0 $0.0 $0.0 
Less: Undistributed net income available to participating securities$0.0 $0.0 $(0.2)
Numerator for basic net income per share:
Undistributed and distributed net income available to common shareholders$0.0 $0.7 $33.0 
Add: Undistributed net income allocated to participating securities$0.0 $0.0 $0.2 
Less: Undistributed net income reallocated to participating securities$0.0 $0.0 $(0.2)
Numerator for diluted net income per share:
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Undistributed and distributed net income available to common shareholders$0.0 $0.7 $33.0 
Net income per share from discontinued operations:
Basic$0.00 $0.02 $0.88 
Diluted$0.00 $0.02 $0.87 
Net income per share:
Basic$1.85 $2.07 $2.73 
Diluted$1.84 $2.06 $2.71 
Potentially dilutive securities0.2 0.1 0.1 

Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and performance share units excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share where the combined exercise price and average unamortized fair value are greater than the average market price of Global Industrial Company's common stock, and their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.


13.    STOCK REPURCHASES

In 2018, the Company's Board of Director's approved a share repurchase program with a repurchase authorization of up to two million shares of the Company's common stock. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, no shares were repurchased. In 2020, the Company repurchased 392,337 common shares for approximately $7.2 million. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the Plan was approximately 1,375,000 at December 31, 2023.

14.    SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The Company currently has two equity compensation plans which reserve shares of common stock for issuance to key employees, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company. The following is a description of these plans:

The 2010 Long-term Stock Incentive Plan (“2010 Plan”) - This plan was adopted in April 2010 and allows the Company to issue incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock based awards authorized by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Options and awards issued under this plan expire ten years after the options and awards are granted. The maximum number of shares granted per type of award to any individual may not exceed 1,500,000 in any calendar year. Restricted stock grants and common stock awards reduce stock options otherwise available for future grant. Awards for a maximum of 7,500,000 shares may be granted under this plan. The Company is no longer granting options or awards under this plan. A total of 313,863 options and 13,118 restricted stock units were outstanding under this plan as of December 31, 2023.

The 2020 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (“2020 Omnibus Plan”) - This plan was adopted in June 2020 and allows the Company to issue incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock based awards authorized by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Options and awards issued under this plan expire ten years after the options and awards are granted. The maximum number of shares granted per type of award to any individual may not exceed 1,500,000 in any calendar year (or $10.0 million in the case of cash performance awards). Restricted stock grants and common stock awards reduce stock options otherwise available for future grant. Awards for a maximum of 7,500,000 shares may be granted under this plan. A total of 227,794 options and 219,735 restricted stock units were outstanding under this plan as of December 31, 2023.

The fair value of employee share options is recognized in expense over the vesting period of the options, using the graded attribution method. The fair value of employee share options is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has calculated its dividend yield by dividing the annualized regular quarterly dividend by the current stock price at grant date. The Company has used historical volatility in its estimate of expected volatility. The
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expected life represents the period of time (in years) for which the options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve. Stock-based compensation expense includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized over the expected term of the award.

The fair value of the restricted stock ("RSU") and performance restricted stock ("PRSU") is the closing stock price on the NYSE of the Company's common stock on the date of grant or the closing stock price of the Company's common stock on the last business day prior to the grant date. Upon delivery, a portion of the RSU or PRSU award may be withheld to satisfy the statutory withholding taxes. The remaining RSUs or PRSUs will be settled in shares of the Company's common stock after the vesting period and on the prescribed delivery date. These RSUs and PRSUs have none of the rights of outstanding shares of common stock, other than rights to cash dividends, until common stock is distributed. The PRSUs awarded in 2023 are entitled to cash dividends on the vested, not unvested, units.

Shares issued under our share-based compensation plans are usually issued from shares of our common stock held in the treasury.

Compensation cost related to non-qualified stock options recognized in continuing operations (selling, distribution and administrative expenses) for 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0.9 million, $1.3 million, and $1.1 million respectively. The related future income tax benefits recognized for 2023 and 2022 was $0.2 million, respectively, and $0.3 million in 2021.

Stock Options

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted in 2023, 2022 and 2021:
 202320222021
Expected annual dividend yield2.5 %2.0 %1.4 %
Risk-free interest rate4.06 %1.85 %0.75 %
Expected volatility49.9 %52.8 %51.9 %
Expected life in years4.85.05.0
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options:
 Weighted Average
 202320222021
 SharesWeighted
Avg. Exercise
Price
SharesWeighted
Avg. Exercise
Price
SharesWeighted
Avg. Exercise
Price
Outstanding at beginning of year509,212 $25.65 463,304 $24.28 661,024 $19.78 
Granted80,976 $28.99 79,025 $32.65 110,112 $38.02 
Exercised(25,967)$20.25 (29,917)$22.87 (196,639)$15.37 
Canceled or expired(22,564)$33.01 (3,200)$26.61 (111,193)$26.87 
Outstanding at end of year541,657 $26.10 509,212 $25.65 463,304 $24.28 
Options exercisable at year end333,796  297,889  223,158  
Weighted average fair value per option granted during the year$11.30  $13.07  $18.50  
The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.3 million in 2023 and 2022 and $4.5 million in 2021.

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The following table summarizes information about options vested and exercisable or non-vested that are expected to vest (non-vested outstanding less expected forfeitures) at December 31, 2023:
Range of Exercise PricesOptions Outstanding and
Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in
millions)
$5.00 to$15.00 41,500 $5.91 2.74$1.4 
$15.01 to$25.00 299,579 $23.55 5.254.6 
$25.01 to$35.00 149,988 $30.86 8.601.2 
$35.01 to$45.00 50,590 $43.64 7.240.0 
$5.00 to$45.00 541,657 $26.10 6.17$7.2 

The aggregate intrinsic value in the tables above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last day of trading in 2023 and the exercise price) that would have been received by the option holders had all options been exercised on December 31, 2023. This value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock.

The following table reflects the activity for all unvested stock options during 2023:
 SharesWeighted
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023211,323 $12.84 
Granted80,976 $11.30 
Vested(65,686)$12.79 
Forfeited(18,752)$12.47 
Unvested at December 31, 2023207,861 $12.29 

At December 31, 2023, there was approximately $0.9 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.67 years. The total fair value of stock options vested during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0.9 million, $1.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units


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The following table reflects the activity for restricted stock awards, excluding the restricted stock issued to Directors (in millions, except shares data):
Year GrantedShares GrantedOutstanding at December 31, 2023Rights to Cash DividendOther Participation RightsPerformance AwardCompensation Expense
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
201930,251 6,050 YesNoneNo0.0 0.1 0.1 
2019149,412 YesNoneYes0.0 0.3 0.1 
202028,272 7,068 YesNoneNo0.1 0.1 0.2 
202043,330 YesNoneYes(0.1)0.1 0.1 
202125,371 12,685 YesNoneNo0.2 0.3 0.4 
202132,874 7,836 YesNoneYes(0.1)0.2 0.3 
202260,808 36,267 YesNoneNo0.5 0.8 0.0 
202232,875 20,544 YesNoneYes0.0 0.6 0.0 
202381,127 78,592 YesNoneNo0.9 0.00.0
202356,222 51,150 YesNoneYes0.00.00.0
Total$1.5 $2.5 $1.2 


Share-based compensation expense reported within continuing operations for restricted stock issued to Directors was $0.2 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is recorded within selling, distribution and administrative expenses. A total of 8,164 shares were granted to Directors during 2023 and a total of 12,661 restricted stock units from the 2020 Omnibus Plan are outstanding to the Directors as of December 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2023, there was approximately $4.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested RSU's, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.25 years.

Total compensation expense related to RSU and performance RSU's reported within continuing operations was approximately $1.7 million, $2.7 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is recorded within selling, distribution and administrative expenses.

The following table reflects the activity for all unvested restricted stock during 2023:
SharesWeighted
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023149,225 $33.24 
Granted145,513 $27.50 
Vested(38,971)$31.79 
Forfeited(22,914)$29.87 
Unvested at December 31, 2023232,853 $30.22 


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Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan - This plan was approved by the Company's stockholders in December 2018 and a reserve of 500,000 shares of common stock has been established under this plan. The Company adopted this plan, the terms of which allow for eligible employees (as defined in the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan) to participate in the purchase, during each six month purchase period, of up to a maximum of 10,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a purchase price equal to 85% of the closing price at either the start date or the end date of the stock purchase period, whichever is lower. Compensation expense recognized in selling, distribution and administrative expenses related to this plan totaled $0.4 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2023 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, 238,890 shares remain reserved for issuance under this plan. Employees purchased 58,863 shares of common stock during fiscal year 2023 at an average price per share of $23.83. During fiscal year 2022, employees purchased 53,143 shares of common stock at an average price per share of $26.16 and during fiscal year 2021, employees purchased 55,248 shares of common stock at an average per share price of $20.09.



15.    INCOME TAX

    The following table summarizes our U.S. and foreign components of income from continuing operations before income taxes (in millions): 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
United States$91.6 $104.0 $84.5 
Foreign3.6 (0.2)3.1 
Total$95.2 $103.8 $87.6 

The following table summarizes the (benefit) provision for income taxes from continuing operations (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Current:   
Federal$18.1 $21.2 $16.8 
State4.2 4.3 3.8 
Foreign0.2 0.2 0.1 
Total current$22.5 $25.7 $20.7 
Deferred:   
Federal$0.9 $0.0 $(0.6)
State0.2 0.1 (0.2)
Foreign0.9 (0.1)(2.4)
Total deferred$2.0 $0.0 $(3.2)
Total tax provision$24.5 $25.7 $17.5 

Tax expense from discontinued operations was $0.0 million, $0.2 million and $10.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Income taxes are accrued and paid by each foreign entity in accordance with applicable local regulations.

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A reconciliation of the difference between the income tax expense and the computed income tax expense from continuing operations based on the Federal statutory corporate rate is as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Income tax at Federal statutory rate$20.0 21.0 %$21.8 21.0 %$18.4 21.0 %
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit3.5 3.7 %3.7 3.7 %2.9 3.3 %
Reversal of valuation allowances0.0 0.0 %0.0 0.0 %(3.4)(3.8)%
Stock based compensation(0.1)(0.1)%0.0 0.0 %(0.8)(0.9)%
Non-deductible items0.5 0.5 %0.7 0.6 %0.5 0.5 %
Other items, net0.6 0.6 %(0.5)(0.5)%(0.1)(0.1)%
Income tax$24.5 25.7 %$25.7 24.8 %$17.5 20.0 %


The deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following (in millions):
 December 31,
 20232022
Assets:  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities$1.9 $1.6 
Inventory2.2 2.9 
Operating lease obligations23.6 25.3 
Intangible & other1.9 0.4 
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards6.3 8.1 
Valuation allowances(5.2)(5.8)
Total deferred tax assets$30.7 $32.5 
Liabilities:  
Operating lease right-of-use assets$21.0 $22.6 
Other1.9 0.1 
Total deferred tax liabilities$22.9 $22.7 

The following table summarizes the changes in valuation allowance (in millions):

Balance at
Beginning of
Period
Benefit Recognized in ExpenseWrite-offsOther Balance at
End of Period
2023$(5.8)$0.0 $0.5 $0.1 $(5.2)
2022$(6.1)$0.0 $0.3 $0.0 $(5.8)

During 2023 the Company utilized approximately $4.1 million in foreign and state NOL carryforwards to reduce the current year tax expense. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has foreign NOLs of $5.2 million which expire through 2037 and foreign tax credit carryforwards of $0.4 million expiring in years through 2028. The Company has recorded valuation allowances of approximately $5.2 million, consisting of valuations against foreign NOLs of $4.8 million and $0.4 million against foreign tax carryforwards. Valuation allowances have been recorded against these assets as the Company believes it is more likely than not that these NOLs, temporary differences and foreign tax credits will not be utilized in the near future.

The Company has not provided for federal income taxes applicable to the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries, primarily in India and Canada, of approximately $2.6 million as of December 31, 2023, since these earnings are considered permanently reinvested in the subsidiaries. If the Company ceases to be permanently reinvested in its foreign subsidiaries, the Company may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on undistributed earnings and may need to record a deferred tax liability for any outside basis difference in its investments in its foreign subsidiaries.

58


Under the TCJA each U.S. shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation ("CFC") must include in its gross taxable income in any tax year the aggregate net GILTI, or net income, of its CFCs. In 2023 the Company has included in taxable income the net income of its subsidiaries in Canada and India. The Company has elected to treat GILTI expense as a period cost when incurred.

The Company is routinely audited by federal, state and foreign tax authorities with respect to its income taxes. The Company regularly reviews and evaluates the likelihood of audit assessments. The Company’s federal income tax returns have been audited through 2016. The Company has not signed any consent to extend the statute of limitations for any subsequent years. The Company’s significant state tax returns have been audited through 2016. The Company considers its significant tax jurisdictions in foreign locations to be Canada and India.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no uncertain tax positions. Interest and penalties, if any, are recorded in income tax expense. There were no accrued interestsinterest or penalty charges related to unrecognized tax benefits recorded in income tax expense in 2017, 20162023, 2022 or 2015.2021.


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9.


16.    COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER MATTERS


Leases- The Company is obligated under operating lease agreements for the rental of certain office and warehouse facilities and equipment which expire at various dates through August 2032. The Company currently leases its headquarters office/warehouse facility in New York from an entity owned by the Company’s three principal shareholders and senior executive officers. The Company also acquires certain computer, communications equipment, and machinery and equipment pursuant to capital lease obligations.

At December 31, 2017, the future minimum annual lease payments for capital and third-party operating leases were as follows (in millions):
 
Capital
Leases
 
Operating
Leases
 Total
2018$0.1
 $20.9
 $21.0
20190.1
 15.5
 15.6
2020
 14.2
 14.2
2021
 10.9
 10.9
2022
 9.6
 9.6
2023-2027
 38.3
 38.3
2028-2032
 17.2
 17.2
Thereafter
 
 
Total minimum lease payments0.2
 126.6
 126.8
Less: sublease rental income
 6.3
 6.3
Lease obligation net of subleases0.2
 $120.3
 $120.5
Less: amount representing interest
  
  
Present value of minimum capital lease payments (including current portion of $0.2M)$0.2
  
  
Annual rent expense aggregated approximately $13.5 million, $17.7 million and $26.4 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Included in rent expense was $0.9 million in 2017, $0.9 million in 2016, $1.0 million in 2015, to related parties. Rent expense is net of sublease income of $0.4 million for 2017, $0.4 million for 2016, and $0.1 million for 2015, respectively. Discontinued ETG and NATG operations annual rent expense totaled approximately $0.8 million, $5.2 million and $14.2 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The operating lease agreements generally provide for rental payments on a graduated basis and for options to renew, which could increase future minimum lease payments if exercised. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight‑line basis over the lease period and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. Deferred rent represents the difference between


actual operating lease payments due and straight‑line rent expense. The excess is recorded as a deferred rent liability in the early periods of the lease, when cash payments are generally lower than straight‑line rent expense, and are reduced in the later periods of the lease when payments begin to exceed the straight‑line expense. The Company also accounts for leasehold improvement incentives within its deferred rent liability.

Other Matters

The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings which may include commercial, employment, tax, customs and trade, customer, vendor, personal injury, creditors rights and health and safety law matters, as well as VAT tax disputes in European jurisdictions in which it has done business, and which are handled and defended in the ordinary course of business.  In addition, the Company is from time to time subjected to various assertions, claims, proceedings and requests for damages and/or indemnification concerning sales channel practices and intellectual property matters, including patent infringement suits involving technologies that are incorporated in a broad spectrum of products the Company sells or that are incorporated in the Company’s e-commerce sales channels, as well as trademark/copyright infringement claims.  The Company is also audited by (or has initiated voluntary disclosure agreements with) numerous governmental agencies in various countries, including U.S. Federal and state authorities, as well as Canadian authorities, concerning potential income tax and/or sales tax and unclaimed property liabilities.tax. These matters are in various stages of investigation, negotiation and/or litigation. The Company is also being audited by an entity representing 21 states seeking recovery of “unclaimed property”.  The Company is complying with the unclaimed property audit and is providing requested information. The Company intends to vigorously defend these matters and believes it has strong defenses. In September 2017 the Company and certain subsidiaries comprising its former NATG "Tiger" consumer electronics business were sued in United States District Court, Northern District of California by a software publisher alleging that the NATG subsidiaries violated certain contractual sales channel restrictions resulting in claims of breach of contract and trademark/copyright infringement. The matter is at a very early stage and the Company is assessing the claims and its defenses; the Company cannot predict the outcome of this matter and believes the potential damages, if any, cannot be estimated at this time.


Although the Company does not expect, based on currently available information, that the outcome in any of these matters, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations, the ultimate outcome is inherently unpredictable.  Therefore, judgments could be rendered or settlements entered, that could adversely affect the Company’s operating results or cash flows in a particular period.  The Company regularly assesses all of its litigation and threatened litigation as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability, and records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihood of loss as probable and estimable.  In this regard, the Company establishes accrual estimates for its various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred at the date of the financial statements and the loss can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 20172023 the Company has established accruals for certain of its various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings based upon estimates of the most likely outcome in a range of loss or the minimum amounts in a range of loss if no amount within a range is a more likely estimate.  The Company does not believe that at December 31, 20172023 any reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued would be material to the financial statements.


10.    SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION

The Company operates and is internally managed in two reportable business segments— IPG and ETG. Smaller business operations and corporate functions are aggregated and reported as the additional segment - Corporate . On March 24, 2017, the Company sold its SARL Businesses and its continuing ETG operations now only include those in France. Prior year comparatives will include France, and the divested German operations which was sold in September 2016.


On September 2, 2016 the Company sold certain assets of its Misco Germany operations which had been reported as part of its ETG segment.  As this disposition was not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-8, prior and current year results of the German operations are presented within continuing operations in the Consolidated Financial Statements.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales of Misco Germany included in continuing operations were $33.9 million and the net loss, including approximately $1.7 million of intercompany charges, was $6.4 million. The Company recorded special charges related to this transaction of approximately $1.7 million.

On December 31, 2016, the Company sold all of its issued and outstanding membership interests of its rebate processing business which had been reported as part of its Corporate segment.  As this disposition was not a strategic shift with a major impact as defined under ASU 2014-8, prior and current year results of the rebate processing business are presented within continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales of the rebate


processing business included in continuing operations were $3.6 million and the net loss was $2.3 million, including intercompany charges of $0.1 million. The Company recorded a gain of approximately $3.9 million on this sale.

The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”).  The CEO, in his role as Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), evaluates segment performance based on operating income (loss) from continuing operations. The CODM reviews assets and makes significant capital expenditure decisions for the Company on a consolidated basis only.  The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company.  Corporate costs not identified with the disclosed segments are grouped as “Corporate and other expenses.”

Financial information relating to the Company’s continuing operations by reportable segment was as follows (in millions):


60
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Net Sales:     
IPG$791.8
 $715.6
 $698.6
ETG473.6
 451.1
 441.7
NATG
 
 97.8
Corporate and other
 3.6
 5.4
Consolidated$1,265.4
 $1,170.3
 $1,243.5
Depreciation and Amortization Expense: 
  
  
IPG$3.9
 $3.6
 $3.8
ETG0.5
 0.8
 0.5
NATG
 
 0.6
Corporate and other0.7
 0.9
 1.0
Consolidated$5.1
 $5.3
 $5.9
      
Operating Income (Loss): 
  
  
IPG$69.6
 $34.3
 $43.7
ETG24.5
 14.5
 13.0
NATG(0.6) (2.8) (38.2)
Corporate and other expenses(22.2) (18.3) (22.0)
Consolidated$71.3
 $27.7
 $(3.5)
      
Total Assets 
  
  
IPG$220.4
 $201.5
 $203.8
ETG188.0
 165.2
 140.5
ETG - discontinued
 109.4
 166.4
NATG13.6
 6.9
 151.6
Corporate and other129.4
 83.1
 47.8
Consolidated$551.4
 $566.1
 $710.1



Financial information relating to the Company’s continuing operations by geographic area was as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 2017 2016 2015
Net Sales:     
United States$759.4
 $692.3
 $676.8
France473.6
 417.2
 382.6
Other Europe
 33.9
 59.1
Other North America32.4
 26.9
 125.0
Consolidated$1,265.4
 $1,170.3
 $1,243.5
      
Long-lived Assets: 
  
  
United States$13.9
 $15.4
 $18.1
France1.2
 1.0
 1.1
Other Europe and Asia
 
 0.1
Consolidated$15.1
 $16.4
 $19.3
Net sales are attributed to countries based on location of selling subsidiary.
11.    QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

Quarterly financial data, excluding discontinued operations, is as follows (in millions, except for per share amounts):

 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
2017       
Net sales$302.5
 $313.0
 $319.3
 $330.6
Gross profit$81.8
 $91.5
 $89.6
 $88.5
Net income from continuing operations$10.3
 $19.3
 $14.1
 $32.4
Net income per common share from continuing operations: 
  
  
  
Basic$0.29
 $0.52
 $0.38
 $0.87
Diluted$0.28
 $0.52
 $0.37
 $0.85
        
2016 
  
  
  
Net sales$286.8
 $297.7
 $290.2
 $295.6
Gross profit$75.9
 $78.0
 $75.7
 $78.3
Net income from continuing operations$1.5
 $2.3
 $1.6
 $11.5
Net income per common share from continuing operations: 
  
  
  
Basic$0.04
 $0.06
 $0.04
 $0.31
Diluted$0.04
 $0.06
 $0.04
 $0.31


SYSTEMAX INC.

SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

For the years ended December:
(in millions)

Description 
Balance at
Beginning of
Period
 
Charged to
Expenses
 Write-offs Other 
Balance at
End of Period
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts           
2017 $10.0
 $1.3
 $(9.2) $
 $2.1
(1) 
2016 $7.2
 $3.6
 $(0.8) $
 $10.0
(2) 
2015 $3.7
 $6.7
 $(3.4) $0.2
 $7.2
 
            
Allowance for sales returns  
  
  
  
  
 
2017 $1.6
 $1.8
 $
 $(1.6)
(3) 
$1.8
 
2016 $3.5
 $1.6
 $
 $(3.5)
(3) 
$1.6
 
2015 $7.8
 $3.5
 $
 $(7.8)
(3) 
$3.5
 
            
Allowance for inventory returns  
  
  
  
  
 
2017 $(0.8) $(0.9) $
 $0.8
(3) 
$(0.9) 
2016 $(2.7) $(0.8) $
 $2.7
(3) 
$(0.8) 
2015 $(6.4) $(2.7) $
 $6.4
(3) 
$(2.7) 
            
Allowance for deferred tax assets  
  
  
  
  
 
2017 $69.7
 $(28.6) $(3.0) $(19.2) $18.9
 
2016 $64.0
 $6.0
 $(1.9) $1.6
 $69.7
 
2015 $35.8
 $28.6
 $
 $(0.4) $64.0
 
(1)
Excludes approximately $0.4 million of reserves related to non-trade receivables.
(2)
Excludes approximately $5.6 million of reserves related to notes receivable and tax refund receivables.
(3)
Amounts represent gross revenue and cost reversals to the estimated sales returns and allowances accounts.




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