UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
2022
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ________________ to________________
Commission file number 001-38248
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RumbleOn, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada46-3951329
Nevada
46-3951329
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)
901 W Walnut Hill Lane
Irving Texas
75038
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code) 
4521 Sharon Road, Suite 370,
Charlotte, North Carolina 28211
(Address of principal executive offices)
(704) 448-5240(214) 771-9952
(Registrant’sRegistrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of exchange on which registered
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par valueRMBLThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large"large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”" "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “smaller reporting company”"emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.




Large accelerated filer¨Accelerated filerx
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
¨
Smaller reporting companyx
Emerging growth company¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report Yes ☒ No ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No
x
As of June 30, 2017,2022, the aggregate market value of shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $18.0$149.7 million.
The number of shares of Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding on February 23, 2018March 15, 2023 was 11,928,54116,273,768 shares. In addition, 1,000,00050,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value, were outstanding on February 23, 2018.March 15, 2023.

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement relating to its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2022 are incorporated herein by reference in Part III.





RUMBLEON, INC.
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Table of Contents to
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the Year Ended December 31, 20172022

Table of Contents

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PART I
Item 1. 
Business.

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Overview
Annual Report on Form 10-K
RumbleOn, Inc., a Nevada corporation, operates a capital light disruptive e-commerce platform facilitatingfor the ability of both consumers and dealers to Buy-Sell-Trade-Finance pre-owned vehicles in one online location. Our goal is to transform the way pre-owned vehicles are bought and sold by providing users with the most efficient, timely and transparent transaction experience. Our initial focus is the market for vin specific pre-owned vehicles with an initial emphasis on motorcycles and other powersports.Year Ended December 31, 2022
ITEM 1.    BUSINESS.
In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Form 10-K"), we"we," "our," "us," "RumbleOn," and the "Company" refer to RumbleOn, Inc., formerly Smart Server, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries at December 31, 2022, unless the context requires otherwise.
Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements
This 2022 Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements as “RumbleOn,” “RMBL,”defined in the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,”Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts," "projects," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar words.expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in our actual results include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this 2022 Form 10-K, and in particular, the risks discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" in Item 1A and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update forward-looking statements, except as required by law.
Market and Industry Data
Serving both consumers and dealers, through our online marketplace platform, we make cash offers for the purchase of pre-owned vehicles. In addition, we offer a large inventory of pre-owned vehicles for sale along with third-party financing and associated products. Our operations are designed to be scalable by working through an infrastructure and capital light model that is achievable by virtue of a synergistic relationship with our regional partners, consisting of dealers and auctions. We utilize regional partners in the acquisition of pre-owned vehicles as well as to provide inspection, reconditioning and distribution services. Correspondingly, we earn fees and transaction income, while our regional partners earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales and fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs.
Our business model is driven by a technology platform we acquired in February 2017, through our acquisition of substantially allSome of the assets of NextGen Dealer Solutions, LLC (“NextGen”). The acquired system provides integrated vehicle appraisal, inventory management, customer relationshipmarket and lead management, equity mining, and other key services necessary to drive the online marketplace. Over the past 16 years, the developers of the software have designed and built, for large multi-national clients, a number of dealer and, what we believe to be, high quality applications solutions.
Our business combines a comprehensive online buying and selling experience with a vertically-integrated supply chain solution that allows us to buy and sell high quality vehicles to and from consumers and dealers transparently and efficiently at a value-oriented price. Using our website or mobile application, consumers and dealers can complete all phases of a pre-owned vehicle transaction. Our online buying and selling experience allows consumers to:
Sell us a vehicle. We address the lack of liquidity availableindustry data contained in the market for a cash sale of a vehicle by consumers and dealers through our cash offer to buy program. Dealers and consumers can sell us a vehicle independent of a purchase. Using our free and simple appraisal tool, consumers and dealers can receive a haggle-free, guaranteed 3-day firm cash offer for their pre-owned vehicle within minutes and, if accepted, receive prompt payment. Our cash offer to buythis 2022 Form 10-K is based on the use of extensive pre-owned retail and wholesale vehicle market data. When a consumer accepts our offer, we ship their vehicles to our closest regional partner where the vehicle is inspected, reconditioned and prepared for pending sale. We believe buying pre-owned vehicles directly from consumers is the primary driver of our source of supply for sale and a key to our ability to offer competitive pricing to buyers. By being one of the few online sources for consumers to receive cash for their vehicle, we have a significant opportunity to buy product at a lower cost since dealer and auction markup is eliminated from these consumer purchases. In addition, we believe our willingness to provide cash offers and purchase a customer’s vehicle sight unseen, whetherindependent industry publications or not the customer is buying a vehicle from us, provides a competitive sourcing advantage for vehicles.
Purchase a pre-owned vehicle. Our 100% online marketplace approach to retail consumer and dealer distribution addresses the many issues currently facing the consumer and dealer distribution marketplace for pre-owned vehicles, a marketplace we believe is primed for a disruptive change. We believe the issues facing the marketplace include: (i) heavy use of inefficient listing sites, (ii) a highly fragmented dealer network; (iii) a limited selection of high quality pre-owned vehicles for sale; (iv) negative consumer perception of the current buying experience; and (v) a massive consumer shift to online retail. We offer consumers and dealers a large selection of pre-owned vehicles at a value-oriented price that can be purchased in a seamless transaction in minutes. In addition to a transparent buying experience, our no haggle pricing, coupled with an inspected, reconditioned and certified vehicle, backed by a fender-to-fender warranty and a 3-day money back guarantee, addresses consumer dissatisfaction with the current buying processes in the marketplace. As of December 31, 2017, including vehicles of our dealer partners, we have 751 pre-owned vehicles listed for sale on our website, where consumers can select and purchase a vehicle, including arranging financing, directly from their desktop or mobile device. Selling pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers is the key driver of our business.
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Finance a purchase. Customers can pay for their vehicle using cash or we will provide a range of finance options from unrelated third parties such as banks or credit unions. Customers fill out a short online application form, and, if approved, apply the financing to their purchase.
Protect a purchase. Customers have the option to protect their vehicle with unrelated third-party branded Extended Protection Plans (“EPPs”) and vehicle appearance protection products as part of our online checkout process. EPPs include extended service plans which are designed to cover unexpected expenses associated with mechanical breakdowns and guaranteed asset protection, which is intended to cover the unpaid balance on a vehicle loan in the event of a total loss of the vehicle or unrecovered theft. Vehicle appearance protection includes products aimed at maintaining vehicle appearance.
To enable a seamless consumer and dealer experience, we are building a vertically-integrated pre-owned vehicle supply chain marketplace, supported by proprietary software systems and data which include the following attributes:
Vehicle sourcing and acquisition. We acquire virtually all of our pre-owned vehicle inventory directly from consumers and dealers. Using pre-owned retail and wholesale vehicle market data obtained from a variety of internal and external data sources, we evaluate a significant number of vehicles daily to determine their fit with consumer demand, internal profitability targets and our existing inventory mix. The supply of pre-owned vehicles is influenced by a variety of factors, including: the total number of vehicles in operation; the rate of new vehicle sales, which in turn generate pre-owned vehicles; and the number of pre-owned vehicles sold or remarketed through our consumer and dealer channels. Based on the large number of vehicles remarketed each year, consumer acceptance of our cash offer to buy, and the large size of the United States market relative to our needs,other publicly available information. Although we believe that these independent sources are reliable, we have not independently verified and cannot assure you as to the accuracy or completeness of pre-ownedthis information. As a result, you should be aware that the market and industry data contained herein, and our beliefs and estimates based on such data, may not be reliable.
Our Company
RumbleOn is the nation's first, largest, and only publicly-traded, technology-based platform in the powersports industry. Headquartered in the Dallas Metroplex, RumbleOn is revolutionizing the customer experience for outdoor enthusiasts across the country and making powersport vehicles will continueaccessible to be sufficientmore people in more places than ever before. We are transforming the powersports customer experience by giving consumers what they want - a wide selection, great value and quality, transparency, and an easy, friction-free transaction. Every element of our business, from inventory procurement to meet our current and future needs.
Inspection, reconditioning and logistics. After acquiring a vehicle, we transport itfulfillment to overall ease of transactions, whether online or on-site at one of our closest regional partners who are paid55 retail locations, has been built for a singular purpose – to perform an inspection and to recondition the vehicle to meet “RumbleOn Certified” standards. High quality photographs are then taken, the vehicle is listed for sale on Rumbleon.com and the regional partner stores the vehicle pending delivery to the buyer. This process is supported bycreate a custom pre-owned vehicle inventory management system, which tracks vehicles through each stage of the inspection, reconditioning and logistic process. The ability to leverage and provide a high margin source of incremental revenue to the existing network of regional partners in return for providing inspection, reconditioning, logistics and distribution support reduces our need for any significant investment in retail or reconditioning facilities.
Corporate History
RumbleOn, Inc. was originally incorporatedcustomer experience without peer in the Statepowersports industry.
Although our primary focus is on the customer experience and building market share in the powersports industry, during 2022 we participated in the wholesale automotive industry through our wholly-owned distributors of Nevada in October 2013 as a development stage companyused automotive inventory, Wholesale, Inc. ("Wholesale Inc") and our exotics retailer AutoSport USA, Inc., which does business under the name Smart Server, Inc.Got Speed. In July 2016, Berrard Holdings Limited Partnership (“Berrard Holdings”) acquired 5,475,000 sharesthe third quarter of common stock2022, we announced we would be winding down our wholesale automotive business, which we expect to complete during the first half of 2023. Our logistics services company, Wholesale Express, LLC ("Wholesale Express"), provides freight brokerage services facilitating transportation for dealers and consumers.
Incorporated in Nevada in 2013, we have been building the Company from the prior owner of such shares pursuant to an AmendedRumbleOn brand and Restated Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 13,vision since 2016. The shares acquiredLed by Berrard Holdings represented 99.5% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Steven Berrard, a director and our Chief Financial Officer, has voting and dispositive control over Berrard Holdings. The aggregate purchase price of the shares was $148,141. In addition, at the closing, Berrard Holdings loaned the Company, and the Company executed a promissory note, in the principal amount of $191,858 payable to Berrard Holdings. Effective August 31, 2017, the note was amended to increase the principal amount by $5,500 to $197,358 in aggregate amount payable to Berrard Holdings.
In October 2016, Berrard Holdings sold an aggregate of 3,312,500 shares of the Company’s common stock to Marshall Chesrown, our Chairman of the Boardco-founder, chairman, and Chief Executive Officer Marshall Chesrown, we have achieved and certain other purchasers.built upon key milestones:
April 2017: launched RumbleOn.com.
October 2017: celebrated our initial listing on The 2,412,500 sharesNasdaq Stock Market.
October 2018: acquired Wholesale Inc and Wholesale Express.
August 2021: acquired the RideNow companies (the “RideNow Transaction”), a collection of 41 retail powersports locations with a geographic footprint spanning primarily the Sunbelt.
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September 2021: processed the first powersports vehicle through our Orlando Fulfillment Center.
February 2022: completed the initial funding of our captive consumer finance facility, RumbleOn Finance.
February 2022: acquired Freedom Powersports (the “Freedom Transaction”), adding ten retail locations in North Texas, one in Alabama, and two in Georgia.
February 2022: unveiled the regional management structure, anchored by Mr. Chesrown represented 43.9%tenured team members of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. The remaining shares owned by Berrard Holdings after giving effect to the transaction represented 39.3% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock.RideNow.
September 2022: opened our Fulfillment Center in Concord, North Carolina.
On November 28, 2016, the Company completed2022: acquired Powersports Honda franchise in North Texas.
December 2022: acquired two full line Polaris franchises in North Texas.
January 2023: opened our Fulfillment Center in Las Vegas, Nevada.
February 2023: acquired Red Hills powersports, a private placement with certain purchasers, with respect to the sale of an aggregate of 900,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a purchase price of $1.50 per share for total consideration of $1,350,000 (the “2016 Private Placement”). In connection with the 2016 Private Placement, the Company also entered into loan agreements, pursuant to which the purchasers would loan to the Company their pro rata share of up to $1,350,000single retail location representing 10 brands, in the aggregate upon the request of the Company at any time on or after January 31, 2017 and before November 1, 2020.Tallahassee, Florida.
On January 8, 2017, the CompanyMarch 2023: entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “NextGen Agreement”)engagement letter with NextGen, Halcyon Consulting, LLC (“Halcyon”),J.P. Morgan to review our balance sheet initiatives and members of Halcyon signatory thereto (“Halcyon Members,” and together with Halcyon,options.
These key events well-position RumbleOn as the “Halcyon Parties”) pursuant to which NextGen agreed to sell tofirst mover in transforming the Company substantially all of the assets of NextGen in exchange for a payment of approximately $750,000 in cash, the issuance to NextGen of 1,523,809 unregistered shares of Company common stock (the “Purchaser Shares”), the issuance of a subordinated secured promissory note issued by the Company in favor of NextGen in the amount of $1,333,333 (the “Acquisition Note”) and the assumption by the Company of certain specified post-closing liabilities of NextGen under the contracts being assigned to the Company as part of the transaction (the “NextGen Acquisition”). On February 8, 2017, the Company assigned to NextGen Pro, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“NextGen Pro”), the right to acquire NextGen’s assets and liabilities (but not any other rights or obligations under the NextGen Agreement).
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On January 9, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) and stockholders holding 6,375,000 of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to change the name Smart Server, Inc. to RumbleOn, Inc. and to create an additional class of Company common stock. The Certificate of Amendment became effective on February 13, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), after the notice and accompanying Information Statement describing the amendment was furnished to non-consenting stockholders of the Company in accordance with Nevada and Federal securities law.
Immediately before approving the Certificate of Amendment, the Company had authorized 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value (the “Authorized Common Stock”), including 6,400,000 issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Outstanding Common Stock,” and together with the Authorized Common Stock, the “Common Stock”). Pursuant to the Certificate of Amendment, the Company designated 1,000,000 shares of Authorized Common Stock as Class A Common Stock (the “Class A Common Stock”), which Class A Common Stock ranks pari passu with all of the rights and privileges of the Common Stock, except that holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to 10 votes per share of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding and (ii) all other shares of Common Stock, including all shares of Outstanding Common Stock were deemed Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”), which Class B Common Stock are identical to the Class A Common Stock in all respects, except that holders of Class B Common Stock will be entitled to one vote per share of Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding.
On January 9, 2017, the Company’s Board and stockholders holding 6,375,000 of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock approved the issuance to (i) Mr. Chesrown of 875,000 shares of Class A Common Stock in exchange for an equal number of shares of Class B Common Stock held by Mr. Chesrown, and (ii) Mr. Berrard of 125,000 shares of Class A Common Stock in exchange for an equal number of shares of Class B Common Stock held by Mr. Berrard.
Also, on February 8, 2017 (the “Closing Date”), RumbleOn and NextGen Pro completed the NextGen Acquisition in exchange for approximately $750,000 in cash, the Purchaser Shares, the Acquisition Note, and the other consideration described above. The Acquisition Note matures on the third anniversary of the Closing Date (the “Maturity Date”). Interest accrues and will be paid semi-annually (i) at a rate of 6.5% annually from the Closing Datepowersports industry through the second anniversary of such date and (ii) at a rate of 8.5% annually from the second anniversary of the Closing Date through the Maturity Date. The Company’s obligations under the Acquisition Note are secured by substantially all the assets of the NextGen Pro pursuant to an Unconditional Guaranty Agreement (the “Guaranty Agreement”), by and among NextGen and NextGen Pro, and a related Security Agreement between the parties, each dated as of the Closing Date. Under the terms of the Guaranty Agreement, NextGen Pro has agreed to guarantee the performance of all of the Company’s obligations under the Acquisition Note.
On March 31, 2017, we completed funding of the second tranche of the 2016 Private Placement. The purchasers were issued 1,161,920 shares of Class B Common Stock and notes in the aggregate principal amount of $667,000, (the “Private Placement Notes”), in consideration of cancellation of loan agreements having an aggregate principal amount committed by the purchasers of $1,350,000. 
Also on March 31, 2017, we completed the sale of 620,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, at a price of $4.00 per share for aggregate proceeds of $2,480,000 in a private placement offering, (the “2017 Private Placement.”) We sold an additional 37,500 shares of Class B Common Stock in connection with the 2017 Private Placement on April 30, 2017. Our officers and directors acquired 175,000 shares of Class B Common Stock in the 2017 Private Placement. Proceeds from the 2017 Private Placement were used to complete the launch of our website, acquire vehicle inventory, continue development of our platform, and for working capital purposes.
On October 23, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten public offering (the “2017 Public Offering”) of 2,910,000 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock at a price of $5.50 per share for net proceeds to the Company of approximately $14.5 million. In connection with the 2017 Public Offering, on October 19, 2017, the Class B Common Stock uplisted from the OTCQB and began trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “RMBL.”
customer experience focused, technology based, Omnichannel platform.
Our Strategy
RumbleOn’s strategy is to provide a 100% online supply chain marketplace solution for the retail distribution of pre-owned vehicles to consumersIndustry and dealers, while providing regional partners access to software solutions and services allowing them to earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales leads, and fees earned from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs. The recognition of the need for the RumbleOn solutions is the result of our management team gaining a clear understanding of the key drivers of complete supply chain solutions to create a different and disruptive way to both acquire and distribute pre-owned vehicles online from their deep experience in the automotive sector with disruptive businesses such as: AutoNation™, Auto America™, and Vroom™. We believe that there is a significant opportunity to disrupt the pre-owned marketplace in powersports and recreational vehicles as it suffers from many of the same negative consumer sentiments and dealer practices that existed in the automotive sector prior to the advent of and the significant influx of new entrants with improved business models. In addition, the powersports and recreation vehicle segment lacks the significant competition that exists in the automotive sector due to its fragmented dealer network, relative size and the niche nature of its products. Management believes consumers prefer to transact through a well-designed simple online/mobile solution, with a broad selection of pre-owned vehicles at highly competitive prices. RumbleOn applications provide a cash offer financing options and logistics/delivery solutions designed to provide an exceptional consumer experience. We intend to replicate and improve upon the positive attributes of the various “Sell us your car” and other related programs that have proven successful in automotive retail for entities such as AutoNation™, CarMax™, Carvana™, Vroom™ and others.
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RumbleOn’s regional partner strategy is focused on creating a synergistic relationship wherein regional partners have the ability to leverage the RumbleOn online marketplace and partner services offerings to drive increased revenue through the purchase or sale of pre-owned vehicles via the online marketplace platform and the ability to earn fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs. Regional partners have the ability to show the complete RumbleOn vehicle inventory on their website and have access to preferred pricing on the acquisition of vehicles. We intend to add additional regional partners to our network and we are currently in discussions with a number of other potential partners regarding joining the network. We believe that our operations, designed to be both capital and infrastructure light, will leverage the regional partner network to provide inspection, reconditioning and distribution, thus minimizing the number of warehouse locations, reconditioning centers and logistics facilities we operate. We plan to primarily operate a centralized headquarter, call center, and limited number of strategically located warehouses as needed.
RumbleOn’s initial focus was on pre-owned Harley-Davidson motorcycles as it provided a targeted, identifiable segment to establish the functionality of the platform and the RumbleOn brand. Harley-Davidson is a highly regarded and dominant brand (representing approximately 50% market share of new 601cc+ on-road motorcycles according to both Harley-Davidson public filings and the Motorcycle Industry Council) in the motorcycle market, with a base of over three million pre-owned motorcycles registered for use in the United States. According to Harley-Davidson, as disclosed in their 2017 investor meeting presentation, and management estimates, each year approximately 400,000 pre-owned Harley-Davidsons are sold, with Harley-Davidson dealers selling approximately 125,000 units, 250,000 units sold in private consumer and independent dealer transactions, and 25,000 sold via other means. As our business has evolved we have expanded into other powersports and recreational vehicle with a strong emphasis on the “metric” brands of motorcycles (Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki, etc.) which essentially doubles the available market and is a natural extension as these vehicles are often sold or traded for Harley-Davidson vehicles. The metric market and dealer profile closely mirror that of the Harley-Davidson market although it is more highly fragmented and the average pre-owned vehicle selling price is less than a pre-owned Harley Davidson. In addition, many of the metric dealers also retail other powersport vehicles including ATVs, UTVs, snowmobiles and personal watercraft providing RumbleOn an opportunity for product extensions by leveraging existing regional partner relationships.
Our Growth Strategy
Opportunity
We intend to transform the way pre-owned vehicles are bought and sold and thereby significantly grow our business and gain market share by targeting the large number of private consumer transactions driven by listing only sites such as Craigslist. Management believes a significant number of pre-owned vehicle transactions are completed on a peer to peer basis. We believe these transactions are highly inefficient and consumers view the process as cumbersome. Our online consumer direct sourcing strategy, wherein we make a cash offer to a consumer or dealer utilizing our website or mobile application allows us to deliver value pricing on our vehicles for sale. We believe our large-scale inventory of pre-owned vehicles for sale, coupled with our 100% online marketplace platform, transparent selling process, certified and reconditioned pre-owned vehicles and ability to offer financing and ancillary products provides a unique customer experience as compared to current alternatives when purchasing a pre-owned vehicle. We believe we can aggressively drive RumbleOn brand recognition and awareness at a relatively low expense by utilizing digital, social media and guerrilla marketing techniques, as there are few national competitors and consumers are very brand focused and loyal. For example, approximately 15 key motorcycle events, such as Daytona Bike Week and the Sturgis Bike Rally, attract millions of attendees annually, many of whom are motorcycle and other powersport and recreational vehicle enthusiasts. We intend to have a significant presence at these type of events, with onsite advertising and sales facilities to build brand awareness. In addition, we anticipate engaging with or sponsoring powersport groups, providing us a targeted audience to which to market RumbleOn and showcase the ease with which they can buy, sell, or trade a vehicle online. Once powersports and recreational vehicle enthusiasts have sampled our website, we believe the unique experience will be compelling and drive organic growth. Over time, management believes we will build a proprietary database of customers and their interests, which will facilitate customer retention and cross sell activities.
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Our Market
We currently operate primarily in the powersports and recreational vehicle market withindustry, offering significant scale and breadth of products. The Motorcycle Industry Council estimates that in 2014, 9.2 million people owned 10.1 millionproducts and our platform from which we will provide our only of its kind powersports customer experience. From our view, powersports includes motorcycles, in the United States. 87% of these were on-highway models, our initial targeted segment. According to the Powersports Business 2016 Market Data Book, or the 2016 Market Data book, pre-owned motorcycle registrations were 1.1 million units in 2015 with new unit sales of approximately 573,000 or approximately $7 billion in new vehicle sales. The owner demographic is favorable to the market outlook as millennials and baby boomers are maturing into the median ranges. The owner group is characterized by brand loyal riding enthusiasts. According to the Motorcycle Industry Council, in 2014 the median owner age was 47 years with a median income of $62,200 which is approximately 10% above the United States’ average. The dealer market is fragmented with an estimated 10,000 outlets authorized to sell powersports and recreation vehicles that include new and pre-owned motorcycles, scooter, and all-terrain vehicles.
Theside-by-sides, ATV, UTV/side-by-side,UTV, snowmobile, and personal watercraft vehicle, or PWC, markets, are a logical next extension for our platform, as there is significant overlap("PWC") along with related parts and components. If you add in the motorcycle dealer base with dealerslargely unaccounted for but significant peer-to-peer market in used powersports, which RumbleOn believes represents up to 70% of these products. According to data from Power Product Marketing andused powersports transactions, the 2016 Market Data Book, there were approximately 630,000 salestotal addressable powersports market is likely in excess of ATV/UTV/Side-by-sides in 2015. There are approximately 1.2 million snowmobiles registered$100 billion.
The powersports marketplace in the United States (another 600,000 in Canada) and in 2016, approximately 95,000 snowmobiles were sold in the United States and Canada. Lastly, according the National Marine Manufacturers Association and the Personal Watercraft Industry Association, in 2015 there were more than 54,000 new PWCs sold in the United States and there are currently approximately 1.2 million PWCs registered in the United States.
As we look to further extend the platform, the two largest adjacent segments are represented by the recreational boating and recreational vehicle (motor vehicle or trailer equipped with living space and amenities found in a home) industries. According to the National Marine Manufacturers Association, there were approximately 15.7 million recreational boats in the United States in 2014, and there were approximately 940,000 sales of pre-owned boats in 2014. Correspondingly, the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association estimates that currently more than 8.9 million households own an RV and in 2017 there will be over 470,000 shipments of RVs from manufacturers to dealers.
Competition
The United States pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicle marketplace is highly fragmented, and wefragmented. We face competition from traditional franchised dealers who sell both new and pre-ownedused vehicles; independent used powersports dealers; online and mobile sales platforms; and private parties. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our industry are delivering an outstanding consumer experience, competitive sourcing of vehicles,quality inventory, breadth and depth of product selection, and value pricing.
Our competitors vary in size and breadth of their product offerings. We believe that our principal competitive advantages in pre-owned vehicle retailing includespowersports sales include our ability to provide a high degree of customer satisfaction with the buying experience by virtue of our low, no-haggle pricesplatform. We provide customers the opportunity to experience RumbleOn's offerings online, in-store, and through our 100% online marketplace platform including our website and mobile application and ourapp, or any combination of those three options. Our ability to make a cash offer to purchase a vehicle with our customer-friendly salespurchase process, and our breadth of selection of the most popular makes and models available online and in-store provides competitive sourcing and sales.
RumbleOn's Solution - Creating the Future of Powersports
RumbleOn is creating a best-in-class experience in powersports for our customers. Doing so requires offering unmatched choice and selection and replicating an outstanding customer experience throughout the lifecycle of powersports ownership, one customer and one transaction at a time.
Customers come to RumbleOn's 55 retail locations as well as our more than 60 websites to shop for new and highest-quality used powersports products as well as for parts, accessories and merchandise. We address the entire powersports market. We are reimagining and revolutionizing the customer experience on our website. In addition,technology-led, internet-based platforms, and we believeare doing so for everyone - from the powersports enthusiast to the novice, and everyone in between - with a focus on four key initiatives:
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Creating an end-to-end ownership experience means we are not focused solely on the initial transaction with a customer. Rather, our willingnesscustomer experience enables building lifelong connectivity to makeeach customer. With each customer interaction, we focus on key touch points that continue to keep our customers engaged throughout their powersports ownership experience. Quality assurance, clear and consistent pricing, professional pickup and delivery, customization, after sales service, and guarantees are just a cash offerfew of the ways we are building a reliable and consistent customer experience. Our offerings, and our entire customer experience, are designed to purchaseturn a customer’s vehicle, whether or notsingle transaction into a lifetime relationship.
Providing the customer is buyinglargest and best selection of highest-quality inventory enables us to provide many offerings to all powersports customers coast to coast. We are well-positioned to acquire high-quality used vehicles through the strength of our online Cash Offer Tool, a vehicle from us, provides aunique and important competitive sourcing advantage for retail vehicles allowing us to offer value-oriented pricing. We believeRumbleOn. Affording our customers the principal competitive factors for our ancillary products and services include an ability to offervisit a full suiteretail location and receive cash for their used powersports unit instantaneously gives them peace of productsmind, and provides us the opportunity to drive a meaningful amount of incremental used inventory onto our platform. We are also leveraging robust data from the Cash Offer Tool and from the information acquired from our acquisitions and now being gathered from our 55 RideNow Powersports retail locations to ensure that the right vehicle is in the right place at competitive prices delivered in an efficient mannerthe right time - with the right price.
Building the premier destination for new and used powersports vehicles and introducing more used inventory to our showrooms as well as online attracts new customers to our platform and, most importantly, new riders to the customer.industry due to affordability. We are focused on both new and used, retail sales, however, the opportunity to dramatically increase the number of used powersports unit sales presents our greatest near-term opportunity, as new vehicle inventory supply normalizes. We can better control used inventory than new because used is not dependent on a manufacturer's production, allocation, or distribution constraints. In fact, our broad access to used inventory is - and will competecontinue to be - an important differentiator for RumbleOn in any market environment.
Our Growth Strategies
The key metric to our powersports business is retail vehicle unit sales, both online and in-store. Unit sales drives revenue and provides the opportunity to build additional revenue through financing, parts, merchandise, and accessories, each of which are higher margin revenue streams. As we scale our business, we will create additional opportunities to expand revenue streams. However, additional revenue opportunities begin with retail vehicle unit sales and, as a variety of entities in offering these products including banks, finance companies, insurance and warranty providers and extended vehicle service contract providers. We believeresult, our competitive strengths ingrowth strategy is focused on this category will include ourmetric.
Our ability to deliver productsincrease vehicle unit sales is a function of our market penetration in an efficient manner to customers utilizing our technologyexisting markets, the number of markets we operate in, and our ability to partnerbuild and maintain our brands by offering great value, transparency, and an outstanding customer experience.
Optimize Our Inventory Selection and Centralization
We continue to optimize and broaden the selection of new and used powersports vehicles we make available to our customers. Expanding our inventory selection enhances the customer experience by ensuring each visitor, either online or in-store, finds a vehicle that matches his or her preferences. Optimizing our new inventory significantly depends on continuing our outstanding relationships with our manufacturers ("OEM"). As a result of these relationships, during 2022, we added 60 new franchises to our retail locations, primarily organically, and including three key participantstuck-in acquisitions in our North Texas market. Optimizing our used inventory selection depends on our ability to source and acquire enough high-quality used vehicles, and our ability to use data to ensure each categoryused vehicle is at the right place, at the right time, at the right price.
We continue implementing our fulfillment strategy with near real-time inventory replenishment to make the right powersports units available in the right quantities at the right locations. This centralization of inventory will launch company-
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wide virtual selling through access to all company-owned inventory rather than only those vehicles that might be available at an individual location. Fulfillment will increase the probability that our customers can find their powersports unit of choice on our platform, thereby enhancing the customer experience while eliminating geographic boundaries. With digital inventory integration and over 60 individual websites sharing content and increasing available data, RumbleOn will be top-of-mind for powersports searches. All of the technology infrastructure required has been launched or is under development and will be implemented throughout 2023 and beyond.
Continue to Innovate and Extend Our Technology Leadership
We continue expanding our competitive dominance with leading-edge technology. From our founding, we have been laying the groundwork to offer a full suitefriction-free and fully integrated customer experience both online and in-store. We are building the technology engine to enable this integration, while methodically expanding our retail footprint, driving towards online selling without geographic boundaries. With this goal in mind, we intend to launch our new corporate website under the RumbleOn brand during the first half of products2023 and our all new RideNow-branded website later in the second quarter of 2023. Our RideNow website will have unmatched features for our customers, allowing them to see all inventory in one place and it will have the ability to push inventory to individual dealer websites, resulting in a better online presence and customer experience. The plan calls for the constant roll out of new features, as our online presence improves and matures. In conjunction with our integrated CRM, we plan to launch online soft and hard credit pulls and lending pre-qualifications, just to name a few of the exciting features. Lastly, in the first half of 2023, we intend to roll out a new internally developed reporting technology that will increase visibility across our enterprise, improve sales reporting, and provide real time actionable data at the store level. Store managers will now see how they are performing versus expectations and how they compare in real time with their peers across the country.
From the start of RumbleOn, one key differentiator and a lynch pin to the competitive prices. Lastly,advantage we have built in powersports is our Cash Offer Tool, which supplies proprietary data for thousands of unique Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) inputs. In addition to actual retail sales and transaction data from the acquired RideNow and Freedom Powersports' databases. Marrying this data creates a data-driven "market maker" that does not exist in the industry today. Integrating real-time pricing and sales data from in-store transactions will also enable us to further optimize offers and pricing.
We will continue to make significant investments in improving and adding to our online customer offering, subject to our performance and available operating cash flow as we intend to self-fund these initiatives. We believe that the complexity of the traditional powersports retail transaction provides substantial opportunity for our planned technology investments and that our leadership and continued growth will enable us to invest responsibly in further enhancing the customer experience.
Enhancing Our In-store Experience
Beyond innovative technology and inventory integration, we use our retail locations to augment the online experience- and vice versa - to offer a simple, friction-free customer experience. A key component to transforming the customer experience to support our growth strategy is enhancing the in-store experience and we are strategically expanding our geographic retail footprint. In early 2022, we added 13 additional competitors may enterretail locations, entrenching our position in the businessesNorth Texas market and expanding our geographic foot print to Alabama and Georgia. In addition, during the first quarter of 2023, we acquired an important multi-line retail location in Tallahassee, Florida, further expanding our dominance in North Florida. We currently operate in 55 retail locations, three fulfillment or hybrid fulfillment/retail locations to open (with four more expected during 2023), one used powersports center, as shown below.



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We employ three primary considerations for expanding our brick-and-mortar presence: (1) attract great people, (2) identify desired locations, and (3) implement appropriate and balanced brand mix.
Attracting Great People. We believe any great customer experience in powersports begins with great people providing consumers the opportunity to fulfill their passion. From our executive team to our customer facing professionals to our back-office and corporate personnel, the RumbleOn team is singularly focused on transforming the customer experience in powersports, both online and in-store. As we expand our physical presence, whether through new retail locations or as we build out our fulfillment centers, finding great people who believe in our mission is key.
Identifying Desired Locations. We believe desired geography means more than finding new markets; it also means making sure we can put the right powersports vehicle in the right place at the right price to maximize our return on the asset. This is a key goal of our fulfillment centers. And of course, we are always looking for strategic acquisition candidates, whether a large group such as Freedom Powersports or a key tuck-in opportunity to improve the capabilities of an existing location.
Implementing Appropriate Brand Mix. Powersports retail provides the opportunity to put many different new brands under one roof along with the proper mix of used inventory. Of course, having that opportunity and taking advantage of that opportunity correctly are two different things. Our outstanding relationships with our OEMs have provided us the opportunity to organically add more than 60 new franchises to our existing retail locations. And we continue leveraging our used inventory sourcing advantage to keep our retail locations fully stocked with the right mix of preferred brands based on data and market share, and thereby further enhance the customer experience.
A fourth consideration also plays a role as we enhance our in-store experience through organic and acquisitive growth: any such investments remain subject to a prudent use of our financial and other resources based on our performance and our available cash from operations as we intend to self-fund our growth.
Develop Broad Consumer Awareness of Our Brand
We believe that creating a unified customer experience, requires a single consumer-facing brand for all our retail locations. During 2022, we began rolling out the “RideNow Powersports” brand across all our retail locations and the
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foundation will be our technology, our infrastructure, and our corporate culture. We are in the early stages of this rollout, and we are encouraged by the impact on performance and the excitement it has clearly created.
RumbleOn Technology
Innovative technology continues to underpin every endeavor at RumbleOn through our ongoing mission to disrupt the powersports industry and our focus on the customer experience. We leverage technology and data to drive change. At a high-level, we believe there are five main areas where leveraging these innovations provides us a competitive advantage and improves the customer experience: (1) our proprietary supply chain pricing and distribution software; (2) our Omnichannel and mobile-first web application; (3) centralized CRM and Inventory; (4) Dealer network support channels; and (5) Data warehousing & reporting, enterprise wide.
(1) RumbleOn's proprietary supply chain and distribution software:
Looks at the overall supply chain and reconfigures inventory for the purpose of acquisition and distribution. Our technology aggregates multiple data sources in real-time, tracking and cataloging inventory across the country.
Analyzes real-time market data to inform our acquisition decisions, continually capturing and archiving such data using advanced algorithms to calibrate pricing and estimate freight and reconditioning expenses. The values are then used in our Cash Offer Tool to quickly determine a fair and reasonable, non-negotiable offer.
(2) RumbleOn's mobile-first web application strategy:
Enhances our website and mobile application to provide a compelling customer experience, from the front-end user interface and powerful search tools to enabling secure data, document, and payment exchanges between parties. We also optimize search engine marketing to provide a lower overall cost of customer acquisition.
(3) Centralized customer relationship management and centralized inventory
Enhanced hub of combined RumbleOn, RideNow, and Freedom Powersports customer repositories for marketing, support and service.
Enterprise-wide centralized inventory, enhancing distribution, pricing, allocation and growth.
(4) Dealer network support channels
New enhancements for our dealerships, provides on-demand pricing, transfers of allocation through streamlined workflows at the pace of business to benefit the needs of our customers.
(5) Data warehousing and reporting, enterprise-wide
The combined digital intelligence from RideNow, Freedom Powersports, and RumbleOn has produced a rich eco-system of available data to promote growth across all facets of the business concerning parts, service, sales, marketing, and retention.
To deliver our supply chain software and on-line strategies, RumbleOn leverages its proprietary and exclusive-use technology portfolio, which includes:
A series of modeling tools & technologies for consolidating internal and external data to provide profitability estimates for inventory available for purchase;
A proprietary series of inventory management and business intelligence technologies that tracks the lifecycle of a vehicle from acquisition through delivery;
An automated photography technology that combines high-quality photos to produce an interactive, 360-degree virtual tour of the vehicle;
A catalog of websites that includes advanced filtering and search technology that assist multi-lead generation across participating partners; and
A proprietary transportation management system and assignment technology to optimize the transport of purchased inventory for acquisition and dealer distribution.
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In addition to our proprietary/exclusive use technology, we will operate.also rely on third party technology, including the following:
A cloud based network infrastructure for hosting websites, inventory data, CRM-Data/reporting;
Software libraries, development environments, and tools;
Services to allow customers to digitally sign contracts; select local services; and
Online customer service call center management software.
In short, our business is driven by data and technology at all stages of the process, from acquisition, inventory purchasing, reconditioning, photography, transportation, and annotation through in-store or online merchandising, sales, financing, trade-ins, logistics, and delivery.
We protect our technology and other intellectual property through a combination of trademarks, domain names, copyrights, trade secrets, patented technology, and contractual provisions and restrictions on access and use of our proprietary information and technology. We have a portfolio of trademark registrations in the United States, including registrations for "RumbleOn," the RumbleOn logo, "RideNow," and the RideNow logo. We are the registered holder of a variety of domestic and international domain names, including "rumbleon.com."
Operational Structure
The following chart summarizes our organizational structure as of December 31, 2022. This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not reflect all legal entities owned or controlled by us:
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Seasonality
Historically, the powersports industry has been seasonal with traffic and sales strongest in the spring and summer quarters. Sales and traffic are typically slowest in the fallwinter quarter but increase typically in February and March,the spring season, coinciding with tax refund season.refunds and improved weather conditions. Given this seasonality, we expect our quarterly results of operations, including
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Intellectual Property
our revenue, gross profit, net income (loss), and Proprietary Rights
Our brand image is a critical element of our business strategy.  As of December 31, 2017,cash flow to vary accordingly. Over time, we have a trademark registration for “RumbleOn”expect to normalize to seasonal trends, using data and various applications pending withlogistics to move inventory to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
right place, at the right time, at the right price.
Government Regulation
Various aspects of our business are or may be subject, directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal and state laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such laws or regulations may result in the suspension or termination of our ability to do business in affected jurisdictions or the imposition of significant civil and criminal penalties, including fines or the award of significant damages against us and our dealers in class action or other civil litigation.
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State Motor Vehicle Sales, Advertisingvehicles, both new and Brokering Laws
The advertisingpre-owned, related products and saleservices, and third-party finance products, are subject to the state and local dealer licensing requirements in the jurisdictions in which we have retail or wholesale locations. Regulators of new or pre-owned motor vehicles is highly regulated by the statesjurisdictions where our customers reside, but in which we do business. Althoughnot have a dealer or financing license could require that we obtain a license or otherwise comply with various state regulations. Despite our belief that we are not subject to the licensing requirements of those jurisdictions in which we do not anticipate selling new vehicles,have a physical presence, regulators may seek to impose punitive fines for operating without a license or demand we seek a license in those jurisdictions, any of which may inhibit our ability to do business in those jurisdictions, increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Consumer Finance. The financing we offer customers is subject to federal and state regulatory authorities or third parties could takelaws regulating the position that someadvertising and provision of consumer finance options, the collection of consumer credit and financial information, along with requirements related to online payments and electronic funds transfers, the regulations and state licenses applicable depend upon whether RumbleOn Finance or a third-party is the entity extending credit to such customers. Most states regulate retail installment sales, including setting a maximum interest rate, caps on certain fees, or maximum amounts financed. In addition, certain states require that finance companies file a notice of intent or have a sales finance license or an installment sellers license in order to solicit or originate installment sales in that state.
Logistics and Transportation. Our Wholesale Express logistics operations, which brokers and facilitates the transportation of vehicles primarily between and among dealers, oris subject to motor-carrier rules and regulations promulgated by the manner inUnited States Department of Transportation ("DOT") and the states through which powersports and recreationaltheir customers' vehicles are advertisedtransported. Additionally, the vendors whom Wholesale Express relies upon are subject to federal and sold generally are directly applicablestate regulation concerning transport vehicle dimensions, transport vehicle conditions, driver motor vehicle record history, driver alcohol and drug testing, and driver hours of service. More restrictive limitations on vehicle weight and size, condition, trailer length and configuration, methods of measurement, driver qualifications, or driver hours of service may increase the costs charged to Wholesale Express by its vendors, which may adversely affect our business.financial condition, operating results, and cash flows. If our products and services are determinedwe fail to not comply with relevant regulatory requirements,the DOT regulations or if those regulations become more stringent, we could be subject to significant civilincreased inspections, audits, or compliance burdens. Regulatory authorities could take remedial action including imposing fines, suspending, or shutting down our Wholesale Express operations.
Environmental Laws and criminal penalties, including fines, or the awardRegulations. We are subject to a variety of significant damages in class action or other civil litigation as well as orders interfering with our ability to continue providing our productsfederal, state, and services in certain states. In addition, even absent such a determination, to the extent dealers are uncertain about the applicability of such laws and regulations to our business, we may lose, or have difficulty increasing the number of dealers in our network, which would affect our future growth.
Several states havelocal environmental laws and regulations that strictlypertain to our operations. The regulations concern material storage, air quality, waste handling, and water pollution control. The regulations also regulate or prohibitour use and operation of gasoline storage tanks, gasoline dispensing equipment, oil tanks, and paint booths among other things. Our business involves the brokeringuse, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, including motor recreational vehicles or the makingoil, gasoline, solvents, lubricants, paints, and other substances. We manage our compliance through permitting and operational control.
Facilities and Personnel. Our facilities and business operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and health and safety, and our employment practices are subject to various laws and regulations, including complex federal, state, and local wage and hour and anti-discrimination laws. We may also be liable for employee misconduct and violations of so-called “bird-dog” payments by dealers to third parties in connection with the sale of motor vehicles through persons other than licensed salespersons. If our products or services are determined to fall within the scope of such laws or regulations we may be forced to implement new measures, which could be costly, to reduce our exposure to those obligations, including the discontinuation of certain products or services in affected jurisdictions. Additionally, such a determination could subject us to significant civil or criminal penalties, including fines, or the award of significant damages in class action or other civil litigation.
In addition to generally applicable consumer protection laws, many states in which we may do business either have or may implement laws and regulations that specifically regulate the advertising for sale of new or pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles. These state advertising laws and regulations may not be uniform from state to state, sometimes imposing inconsistent requirements on the advertiser of a new or pre-owned recreational vehicle. If the content displayed on the websites we operate is determined or alleged to be inaccurate or misleading, we could be subject to significant civil and criminal penalties, including fines, or the award of significant damages in class action or other civil litigation. Moreover, such allegations, even if unfounded or decided in our favor, could be extremely costly to defend, could require us to pay significant sums in settlements, and could interfere with our ability to continue providing our products and services in certain states.are subject.
Federal Advertising Regulations
Regulations. The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”("FTC"), has authority to take actions to remedy or prevent advertising practices that it considers to be unfair or deceptive and that affect commerce in the United States. If the FTC takes the position in the future that any aspect of our business constitutes an unfair or deceptive advertising practice, responding to such allegations could require us to pay significant damages, settlements, and civil penalties, or could require us to make adjustments to our products and services, any or all of which could result in substantial adverse publicity, loss of participating dealers, lost revenue, increased expenses, and decreased profitability.
Federal Antitrust Laws
Laws. The antitrust laws prohibit, among other things, any joint conduct among competitors that would lessen competition in the marketplace. Some of the information that we may obtain from dealers may be sensitive and, if
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disclosed inappropriately, could potentially be pre-owned by dealers to impede competition or otherwise diminish independent pricing activity. A governmental or private civil action alleging the improper exchange of information, or unlawful participation in price maintenance or other unlawful or anticompetitive activity, even if unfounded, could be costly to defend and adversely impact our ability to maintain and grow our dealer network.
business.
In addition, governmental or private civil actions related to the antitrust laws could result in orders suspending or terminating our ability to do business or otherwise altering or limiting certain of our business practices, including the manner in which we handle or disclose pricing information, or the imposition of significant civil or criminal penalties, including fines or the award of significant damages against us in class action or other civil litigation.
Other. In addition to these laws and regulations that apply specifically to our business, we are also subject to laws and regulations affecting public companies, including securities laws and the listing rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq"). The violation of any of these laws or regulations could result in administrative, civil, or criminal penalties or in a cease-and-desist order against our business operations, any of which could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, sales and results of operations. We have incurred and will continue to incur capital and operating expenses and other costs to comply with these laws and regulations.
The foregoing description of laws and regulations to which we are or may be subject is not exhaustive, and the regulatory framework governing our operations is subject to continuous change. The enactment of new laws and regulations or the interpretation of existing laws and regulations in an unfavorable way may affect the operation of our business, directly or indirectly, which could result in substantial regulatory compliance costs, civil or criminal penalties, including fines, adverse publicity, loss of participating dealers, lost revenue, increased expenses, and decreased profitability. Further, investigations by government agencies, including the FTC, into allegedly anticompetitive, unfair, deceptive or other business practices by us, could cause us to incur additional expenses and, if adversely concluded, could result in substantial civil or criminal penalties and significant legal liability.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2017,2022, we hadapproximately 40 employees all of which are full-time.
2,717 full time and 84 part-time employees.
Available Information
Our Internet website is www.rumbleon.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), are available, free of charge, under the Investor Relations tab of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. You may also read and copy any materials we file withAdditionally, the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Interneta website located at www.sec.gov that contains the information we file or furnish electronically with the SEC.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS.
Risk Factors
InvestingDescribed below are certain risks to our business and the industry in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Investorswhich we operate. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the financial and allother information contained in this 2022 Form 10-K and in our other public disclosures. If any of the following risks occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations,cash flows, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected. As a result, our future results could differ materially from historical results and from guidance we may provide regarding our expectations for future financial performance and the trading price of our Class B common stock could decline.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to effectively remediate this material weakness and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, investors could lose confidence in our financial and other information set forthpublic reporting, which would harm our business.
We are required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”). Section 404 of SOX requires public companies to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting (“ICOFR”). In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our ICOFR allowing management to report on the effectiveness of our ICOFR. In addition, we are required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our ICOFR. The standard of effectiveness for ICOFR is that we have controls and procedures in thisplace that provide “reasonable assurance that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis.” This process of implementation, evaluation, and attestation is costly and time-consuming. We have hired and may need to continue to employ both internal and external resources with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge to maintain and evaluate our ICOFR.
In our Annual Report on Form 10-K includingfor the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”), we identified material weaknesses in our ICOFR relating to our legacy RumbleOn operations. As discussed in this 2022 Form 10-K, we have remediated and subsequently tested the impacted controls and have determined that the material weaknesses identified in the 2021 Form 10-K have been remediated as of December 31, 2022. In addition, as discussed in this 2022 Form 10-K, we identified a material weakness in our ICOFR for the year ended December 31, 2022 relating to our control environment following the integration of the RideNow business and incorporation of the acquired business into the Company’s control environment. If we are unable to effectively remediate this material weakness and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may fail to prevent or detect material misstatements in our financial statements, in which case investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and related notescompleteness of our financial statements.
We have incurred significant indebtedness, which could adversely affect us, including our business flexibility, and “Management’s Discussionwill increase our interest expense.
In connection with the RideNow Transaction and AnalysisFreedom Transaction, we substantially increased indebtedness which has had and will continue to have the effect, among other things, of Financial Conditionreducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and Resultseconomic conditions and substantially increasing our interest expense. The increased levels of Operations,” before decidingindebtedness, including the applicable interest payments, could also reduce funds available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes, and may create competitive disadvantages for us relative to investcompetitors with lower debt levels. If our financial performance does not meet our current expectations, then our ability to service the indebtedness may be adversely impacted.
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our common stock. If anyfloorplan payables, revolving credit facility, and our other debt instruments that could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
Our floorplan payables, revolving credit facility, and other debt instruments are subject to variable interest rates. Accordingly, our interest expense will fluctuate with changing market conditions and will increase if interest rates rise. Instability or disruptions of the eventscapital markets, including credit markets, or developments described below occur,the deterioration of our financial condition due to internal or external factors, could restrict or prohibit our access to capital markets and increase our financing costs. In addition, our net new inventory carrying cost (new vehicle floorplan interest expense net of floorplan assistance that we receive from powersports manufacturers) may increase due to changes in interest rates, inventory levels, and manufacturer assistance. We cannot assure you that a significant increase in interest rates or decrease in manufacturer floorplan assistance would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations, or cash flows.
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The powersports industry is sensitive to unfavorable changes in general economic conditions and various other factors that could be materially or adversely affected. As a result, the market price of our common stock could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have a limited operating history and we cannot assure you we will achieve or maintain profitability.
Our business model is unproven, and we have a limited operating history. We are only in the initial development stage of our business. We expect to make significant investments in the further development and expansion of our business and these investments may not result in the successful development, operation, or growth of our business on a timely basis or at all. We may not generate sufficient revenue and we may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including a lack ofaffect demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, our ability to implement our strategy and our results of operations.
Our future performance will be impacted by general economic conditions including among other things: changes in employment levels; consumer demand, preferences and confidence levels; the availability and cost of credit; fuel prices; levels of discretionary personal income; inflation; and interest rates. Recently, inflation has increased throughout the U.S. economy. Inflation can adversely affect us by increasing competition, weakness in the powersports,costs of labor, fuel and recreational vehicle industries generally,other costs as well as by reducing demand for powersports vehicles. In addition, rapid changes in fuel prices can cause shifts in consumer preferences which are difficult to accommodate given the long lead-time of inventory acquisition. Inflation is also often accompanied by higher interest rates, which could reduce the fair value of our outstanding debt obligations. Changes in interest rates can also significantly impact new and used vehicle sales and vehicle affordability due to the direct relationship between interest rates and monthly loan payments, a critical factor for many powersports buyers, and the impact interest rates have on customers’ borrowing capacity and disposable income. We have experienced, and continue to experience, increases in the prices of labor, fuel, and other riskscosts of providing service.
Powersports consumers may not accept our transformative business model.
As described throughout this 2022 Form 10-K, we are transforming the traditional powersports customer experience and building the first and only true Omnichannel experience in these Risk Factors,the industry. Also, in building this Omnichannel experience, we expect to incur significant expenses and face various other challenges, such as expanding our customer experience team and building out a fulfillment and logistics network. If customers do not accept our products, services, and offerings we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown factors relatingnot benefit from the investments needed to build this transformative customer experience to the developmentextent anticipated or at all. Any of these risks, if realized, could materially and operationadversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of our business. Accordingly, weoperations.
We may not be able to successfully develop and operate our business, generate revenue, or achieve or maintain profitability.
Our annual and quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly or may fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.
We expect our operating results to be subject to annual and quarterly fluctuations, and they will be affected by numerous factors, including:
a change in consumer discretionary spending;
a shift in the mix and type of vehicles we sell which could result in lower sales price and lower gross profit;
weather, which may impact the ability or desire for potential end customers to consider whether they wish to own a powersports and recreational vehicle;
the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, development activities relating to our software development and services, which may change from time to time;
our ability to attract, hire and retain qualified personnel;
expenditures that we will or may incur to acquire or develop additional product and service offerings;
future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies; and
the changing and volatile U.S., European and global economic environments.
If our annual or quarterly operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our Class B Common Stock could decline substantially. Furthermore, any annual or quarterly fluctuations in our operating results may, in turn, cause the price of our stock to fluctuate substantially. We believe that annual and quarterly comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.
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The initial development and progress of our business to date may not be indicative of our future growth prospects and, if we continue to grow rapidly, we may not be able to manage our growth effectively.
We expect that, in the future, as our revenue increases, our rate of growth will decline. In addition, we will not be able to grow as fast or at all if we do not accomplish the following:
maintain and grow our regional partner network;
increase the number of usersvehicles to satisfy consumer demand or our expectations for the business.
A material part of our productsplan is predicated on being able to have sufficient inventory, both new and services,used, to satisfy customer demand or meet our financial objectives. New inventory is ultimately controlled by our OEMs and in particular the number of unique visitorstheir willingness to our websiteallocate inventory to us and our branded mobile applications;
increase the number of transactions between our userstheir ability to manufacture and both RumbleOn and our regional partners;
introduce third party ancillary products and services;
acquiredistribute a sufficient number of pre-owned vehicles at attractive cost;given the ongoing environment of manufacturing slowdowns, computer chip shortages, and
sell sufficient number logistic/transportation challenges (collectively, the “Demand/Supply Imbalances”). Used inventory is acquired directly from consumers via our online Cash Offer Tool or consumer trade-in transactions. If the channels for new or used vehicle acquisition were disrupted, for example as a result of pre-owned vehicles at acceptable prices.
Weanother COVID-like lockdown, technology challenges, non-acceptance of online transactions, poor customer ratings, or other such events, the Company may not successfully accomplish anyhave enough inventory to meet customer demand, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of these objectives. We plan to continue our investment in future growth. We expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on:
marketing and advertising;

product and service development; including investments in our website, business processes, infrastructure, inventory, product and service development team and the development of new products and services and new features for existing products; and
general administration, including legal, accounting and other compliance expenses related to being a public company.
In addition, our anticipated growth may place and may continue to place significant demands on our management and our operational and financial resources. As we grow, we expect to hire additional personnel. Also, our organizational structure will become more complex as we add additional staff, and we will need to ensure we adequately develop and maintain operational, financial and management controls as well as our reporting systems and procedures.
operations.
We may require additional financing or capital to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities,growth challenges or unforeseen circumstances. If financing or capital is not available on terms acceptable to us or at all, we may not be able to develop and grow our business as anticipated and our business, operating results, and financial condition may be harmed.
We intend to continue to makemaking investments to support the development and growth of our business and, we may require additionalbusiness. Additional financing or capital to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. However, additional funds may not be available when we need them,it, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Volatility in the credit markets may also have an adverse effect on
Although we intend to self-fund our abilitygrowth initiatives, if we determine to obtain debt financing. Also, the incurrence of leverage, the debt service requirements resulting therefrom, and the possibility of a need for financing or any additional financing could have important and negative consequences, including the following: (a) the Company’s ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, or general corporate or other purposes may be impaired in the future; (b) certain future borrowings may be at variable rates of interest, which will expose the Company to the risk of increased interest rates; (c) the Company may need to use a portion of the money it earns to pay principal and interest on their credit facilities, which will reduce the amount of money available to finance operations and other business activities, repay other indebtedness, and pay distributions; and (d) substantial leverage may limit the Company’s flexibility to adjust to changing economic or market conditions, reduce their ability to withstand competitive pressures and make them more vulnerable to a downturn in general economic conditions.
If we raise additional fundscapital through further issuances of equity or convertible debt, securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, could adversely impact our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances could be significantly limited, and our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects could be adversely affected.
Investments made in the development, growth, and expansion of our business may not yield our expected results and may not result in successful growth of our business.
We expect to make significant investments in the further development and expansion of our business and these investments may not result in the development, growth, or expansion of our business on a timely basis or at all. We may not generate sufficient revenue and we may incur significant losses in the future for several reasons, including a lack of demand for our products and services, increasing competition, and weakness in the powersports industry generally. We may encounter
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unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, and delays, relating to the development and operation of our business, as well as our organic and acquisition growth strategies. Accordingly, we may not be able to successfully develop, grow, and expand our business, generate revenue, or achieve and maintain profitability.
We have and may continue to acquire strategic retail locations and other complementary businesses and technologies, which could divert management's attention, and otherwise disrupt our operations and impact our operating results.
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to grow our business in response to the demands of consumers, other constituents within the powersports industry, and competitive pressures. In the past, we have met these demands in part by acquiring complementary businesses and technologies.
The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult; time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisition opportunities. The risks we face in connection with our acquisition strategy include:
diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to addressing acquisition integration challenges;
integration of the acquired company's accounting, management information, human resources, and other administrative systems;
coordination of technology, research and development, and sales and marketing functions;
retention of employees from the acquired company;
cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization;
the need to implement or improve controls, procedures, and policies at a business that before the acquisition may have lacked effective controls, procedures, and policies;
potential write-offs of intangibles or other assets acquired in such transactions that may have an adverse effect on our operating results in a given period; and
liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition.
Our failure to address these risks or other matters encountered in connection with future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business generally. As discussed in the preceding risk factors elsewhere in this 2022 Form 10-K, we currently intend to self-fund our growth initiatives, and acquisition growth. Nevertheless, some future acquisitions could result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, or the impairment of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition.
We may experience difficulties integrating acquired businesses.
Achieving the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions will depend in significant part upon our integrating any acquired entity's businesses, operations, processes, and systems in an efficient and effective manner. We may not be able to accomplish the integration process smoothly, successfully, or on a timely basis, which may result in unforeseen expenses or the failure to recognize the anticipated benefits of acquired businesses. The necessity of coordinating geographically separated organizations, systems of controls, and facilities, in addition to addressing possible differences in business backgrounds, corporate cultures, and management philosophies may increase the difficulties of integration. Companies operate numerous systems and controls, including those involving management information, accounting and finance, legal and regulatory compliance, inventory intake and control, sales, billing, employee benefits, and payroll. The integration of an acquired company's operations requires the dedication of significant internal and external resources, which may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day business of the company and be costly. Employee uncertainty and lack of focus during the integration process may also disrupt the business of the Company. Any inability of management to successfully and timely integrate an acquired company could have a material adverse effect on the business and results of operations of the Company and result in not achieving the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.
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To the extent we acquire additional businesses, we may incur substantial costs.
We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, a number of Contentsnon-recurring costs associated with our acquisitions. The substantial majority of these non-recurring costs will consist of transaction and regulatory costs related to acquisitions. We will also incur transaction fees and costs related to formulating and implementing integration plans, including system consolidation costs and employment-related costs. We continue to assess the magnitude of these costs, and additional unanticipated costs may be incurred from the acquisitions and integration. Although we anticipate that the elimination of duplicative costs and the realization of other efficiencies and synergies related to the integration should allow us to offset integration-related costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, or at all.
We depend on key personnel to operate our business, and if we are unable to retain, attract, and integrate qualified personnel, our ability to develop and successfully grow our business could be harmed.
We believe our success will depend on the efforts and talents of our executives and employees, including Marshall Chesrown, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. In addition, the loss of any senior management, regional operations directors, or other key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate, and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we fail in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
Our annual and quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly or may fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.
We expect our operating results to be subject to annual and quarterly fluctuations and these results will be affected by numerous factors, including:
a change in consumer discretionary spending and other macroeconomic conditions;
a shift in the mix and type of vehicles we sell, which could result in lower sales price and lower gross profit;
the timing and cost of development and operating activities relating to our business, which may change from time to time;
expenditures that we may incur to advance our growth strategies; and
future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies.
If our annual or quarterly operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price per share of our Class B common stock could fluctuate or decline substantially. We believe that annual and quarterly comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.
The failure to develop and maintain our brands could harm our reputation among current customers or adversely impact our ability to attract new customers.
Developing and maintaining the RideNow and RumbleOn brands will depend largely on the success of our efforts to maintain the trust of and deliver value to our users. If our current and potential users perceive that we are not focused on providing them with a better pre-owned powersports experience, our reputation and the strength of our brand will be adversely affected.
Consumers are increasingly shopping for new and used vehicles, vehicle repair and maintenance services, and other vehicle products and services online and through mobile applications, including through third-party online and mobile sales platforms, with which we compete. If we fail to preserve the value of our retail brands, maintain our reputation, or attract consumers to our Omnichannel offering, our business could be adversely impacted.
Complaints or negative publicity about our business practices, our marketing and advertising campaigns, our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, data privacy and security issues, and other aspects of our business, irrespective of their validity, could diminish users' confidence in and the use of our products and services and adversely affect our brands. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop, maintain, or enhance our brands, and failure to do so would harm our business growth prospects and operating results.
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The success of our business relies heavily on our marketing and branding efforts, especially with respect to our RideNow brand at retail locations, the RideNow and RumbleOn websitewebsites, and our branded mobile applications, and these efforts may not be successful.
We believe that an important component of our development and growth will be the business derived from the RideNow retail brand and the RumbleOn website and our branded mobile applications. Because RideNow and RumbleOn is aare consumer brand,brands, we rely heavily on marketing and advertising to increase the visibility of this brand with potential users of our products and services.
Our business model relies on our ability to scale rapidly and to decrease incremental user acquisition costs as we grow. Some of our methods of marketing and advertising may not be profitable because they may not result in the acquisition of a sufficient users visiting our website and mobile applications such that we may recover these costs by attaining corresponding revenue growth. If we are unable to recover our marketing and advertising costs through increases in user traffic and in the number of transactions by users of our platform, it could have a material adverse effect on our growth, results of operations and financial condition.
The failure to develop and maintain our brand could harm our ability to grow unique visitor traffic and to expand our regional partner network.
Developing and maintaining the RumbleOn brand will depend largely on the success of our efforts to maintain the trust of our users and dealers and to deliver value to each of our users and dealers. If our potential users perceive that we are not focused primarily on providing them with a better pre-owned vehicle buying experience, our reputation and the strength of our brand will be adversely affected.
Complaints or negative publicity about our business practices, our marketing and advertising campaigns, our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the integrity of the data that we provide to users, data privacy and security issues, and other aspects of our business, irrespective of their validity, could diminish users’ and dealers’ confidence in and the use of our products and services and adversely affect our brand. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop, maintain or enhance our brand, and failure to do so would harm our business growth prospects and operating results.
We rely on Internet search engines to drive traffic to our website, and if we fail to appear prominently in the search results, our traffic would decline, and our business would be adversely affected.
We depend in part on Internet search engines and social media such as Google™, Bing™, and Facebook™ to drive traffic to our website. For example, when a user searches the internet for a particular type of powersports or recreational vehicle, we will rely on a high organic search ranking of our webpages in these search results to refer the user to our website. However, our ability to maintainobtain such high, non-paid search result rankings is not within our control. Our competitors’competitors' Internet search engine and social media efforts may result in their websites receiving a higher search result page ranking than ours, or Internet search engines could revise their methodologies in a way that would adversely affect our search result rankings. If Internet search engines or social media companies modify their search algorithms or display technologies in ways that are detrimental to us, or if our competitors’competitors' efforts are more successful than ours, overall growth in our user base could slow or our user base could decline. Internet search engine providers could provide recreation vehicle dealer and pricing information directly in search results, align with our competitors or choose to develop competing services. Any reduction in the number of users directed to our website through Internet search engines could harm our business and operating results.
A significant disruption in service on our website or of our mobile applications could damage our reputation and result in a loss of consumers, which could harm our business, brand, operating results, and financial condition.
Our brand, reputation, and ability to attract consumers, affinity groups, and advertisers depend on the reliable performance of our technology infrastructure and content delivery. We may experience significant interruptions with our systems in the future. Interruptions in these systems, whether due to system failures, computer viruses, or physical or electronic break-ins, could affect the security or availability of our products on our website and mobile application, and prevent or inhibit the ability of consumers to access our products. Problems with the reliability or security of our systems could harm our reputation, result in a loss of consumers, dealers, and affinity group marketing partners, and result in additional costs.
We intend to locate our communications, network, and computer hardware used to operate our website and mobile applications at facilities in various parts of the country to minimize the risk and create an environment where we can remain online if one of the facilities in which our equipment is housed goes offline. Nevertheless, we willdo not own or control the operation of these facilities, and our systems and operations willmay be vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, acts of war, electronic and physical break-ins, computer viruses, earthquakes, and similar events. The occurrence of any of these events could result in damage to our systems and hardware or could cause them to fail.
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Problems faced by any third-party web hosting providers we may utilize could adversely affect the experience of our consumers. Any third-party web hosting providers could close their facilities without adequate notice. Any financial difficulties, up to and including bankruptcy, faced by any third-party web hosting providers or any of the service providers with whom they contract may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. If our third-party web hosting providers are unable to keep up with our growing capacity needs, our business could be harmed.
Any errors, defects, disruptions, or other performance or reliability problems with our network operations could cause interruptions in access to our products, as well as delays and additional expense in arranging new facilities and services, and could harm our reputation, business, operating results, and financial condition.
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We may be unable to maintain or grow relationships with information data providers or may experience interruptions in the data feeds they provide, which may limit the information that we are able to provide to our users and regional partners as well as adversely affect the timeliness of such information and may impair our ability to attract or retain consumers and our regional partners and to timely invoice all parties.
We expect to receive data from third-party data providers, including our partner network, of dealers, dealer management system data feed providers, data aggregators and integrators, survey companies, purveyors of registration data, and possibly others. There may be some instances in which we use this information to collect a transaction fee from those dealers and recognize revenue from the related transactions.
From time to time, we may experience interruptions in one or more data feeds that we receive from third-party data providers, particularly dealer management system data feed providers, in a manner that affects our ability to timely invoice the dealers inoperate our network.business. These interruptions may occur for a number of reasons, including changes to the software used by these data feed providers and difficulties in renewing our agreements with third-party data feed providers. Additionally, when an interruption ceases, we may not always be able to collect the appropriate fees and any such shortfall in revenue could be material to our operating results.
If we are unable to provide a compelling powersport or recreation vehicle buying experience to our users, the number of transactions between our users, RumbleOn and dealers will decline, and our revenue and results of operations will suffer harm.
We cannot assure you that we are able to provide a compelling vehicle buying experience to our users, and our failure to do so will mean that the number of transactions between our users, RumbleOn and dealers will decline, and we will be unable to effectively monetize our user traffic. We believe that our ability to provide a compelling powersport and recreation vehicle buying experience is subject to a number of factors, including:
our ability to launch new products that are effective and have a high degree of consumer engagement; and
compliance of the dealers and regional auctions within our network with applicable laws, regulations and the rules of our platform.
If key industry participants, including powersports and recreation vehicle dealers and regional auctions, perceive us in a negative light or our relationships with them suffer harm, our ability to operate and grow our business and our financial performance may be damaged.
We anticipate that we will derive a significant portion of our revenue from fees paid by existing powersports and recreation vehicle dealers for dealer services we may provide them. In addition, we intend to utilize a select set of regional partners to perform services for our benefit, including, among other things, vehicle reconditioning, vehicle storage and vehicle photography. If our relationships with our network of regional partners suffer harm in a manner that leads to the departure of these regional partners from our network, then our ability to operate our business, grow revenue, and lower our costs will be adversely affected.
We cannot assure you that we will maintain strong relationships with the regional partners in our network or that we will not suffer partner attrition in the future. We may also have disputes with regional partners from time to time, including relating to the collection of fees from them and other matters. We may need to modify our products, change pricing or take other actions to address regional partner concerns in the future. If we are unable to create and maintain a compelling value proposition for regional partners to become and remain in our network, our network will not grow and may begin to decline. If a significant number of these regional partners decided to leave our network or change their financial or business relationship with us, then our business, growth, operating results, financial condition and prospects could suffer. Additionally, if we are unable to attract regional partners to our network, our growth could be impaired.
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The growth of our business relies significantly on our ability to increase the number of regional partners in our network such that we are able to increase the number of transactions between our users and regional partners. Failure to do so would limit our growth.
Our ability to grow the number of regional partners in our network is an important factor in growing our business. We are a new participant in the powersport and recreational vehicle industry, our business may be viewed in a negative light by powersports and recreation vehicle dealerships, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or grow the number of regional partners in our network.
Our ability to grow our complementary product offerings may be limited, which could negatively impact our development, growth, revenue, and financial performance.
As we introduce or expand additional offerings forto our platform, such as recreation vehicle trade-ins, lead management, transaction processing, financing, maintenance, and insurance, we may incur losses or otherwise fail to enter these markets successfully. Our expansion into these markets may place us in competitive and regulatory environments with which we are unfamiliar and involves various risks, including the need to invest significant resources and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved for several years, if at all. In attempting to establish such new product offerings, we may incur significant expenses and face various other challenges, such as expanding our sales force and management personnel to cover these markets and complying with complicated regulations that apply to these markets. In addition, we may not successfully demonstrate the value of these ancillary products to consumers or dealers, and failure to do so would compromise our ability to successfully expand into these additional revenue streams.
We rely on third-party financing providers to finance a portion of our customers' vehicle purchases.
We rely on third-party financing providers to finance a portion of our customers’ vehicle purchases.
We rely on third-party financing providers to finance a portion of our customers’customers' vehicle purchases. Accordingly, our revenue and results of operations are partially dependent on the actions of these third parties. We provide financing to qualified customers through a number of third-party financing providers. If one or more of these third-party providers cease to provide financing to our customers, provide financing to fewer customers or no longer provide financing on competitive terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, sales and results of operations. Additionally, if we were unable to replace the current third-party providers upon the occurrence of one or more of the foregoing events, it could also have a material adverse effect on our business, sales and results of operations.
We rely on third-party providers to supply extended protection products ("EPP")to our customers.
We rely on third-party providers to supplyEPP products to our customers. Accordingly, our revenue and results of operations will be partially dependent on the actions of these third-parties.third parties. If one or more of these third-party providers cease to provide EPP, products, make changes to their products or no longer provide their products on competitive terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, revenue and results of operations. Additionally, if we were unable to replace the current third-party providers upon the occurrence of one or more of the foregoing events, it could also have a material adverse effect on our business, revenue and results of operations.
Our sales of powersports/recreationpowersports vehicles may be adversely impacted by increased supply of and/or declining prices for new or pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles and excess supply of new powersports and recreational vehicles.
We believe when prices for pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles have declined, it can have the effect of reducing demand among retail purchasers for new powersports and recreational vehicles (atat or near manufacturer’smanufacturer's suggested retail prices).prices. Further, thevehicle manufacturers of powersports and recreational vehicles can and do take actions that influence the markets for new and pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles. For example, introduction of new models with significantly different functionality, technology, or other customer satisfiers can result in increased supply of pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles, and a corresponding decrease in price of pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles. Also, while historically manufacturers have taken steps designed to balance production volumes for new powersports and recreational vehicles with demand, those steps have not always proven effective. In other instances, manufacturers have chosen to supply new powersports and recreational vehicles to the market in excess of demand at reduced prices which has the effect of reducing demand for pre-owned powersports and recreational vehicles.
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We rely on a number of third parties to perform certain operating and administrative functions for the Company.
us.
We rely on a number of third parties to perform certain operating and administrative functions for us. We may experience problems with outsourced services, such as unfavorable pricing, untimely delivery of services, or poor quality. Also, these third parties may experience adverse economic conditions due to difficulties in the global economy that could lead to difficulties supporting our operations. In light of the amount and types of functions that we will outsource, these service provider risks could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
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We participate in a highly competitive market, and pressure from existing and new companies may adversely affect our business and operating results.
We face significant competition from both existing powersport retailers as well as companies that provide listings, information, lead generation, and powersportspowersport-buying and recreation vehicle buyingselling services designed to reach businesses and consumers and enable dealers to reach these consumers. We willconsumers and inventory sources.
Our current and future competitors may include:
traditional powersport dealerships that could increase investment in technology and infrastructure to compete fordirectly with our online model;
internet and online powersports sites that could change their models to directly compete with us, such as Amazon, eBay Motors, Google, and CycleTrader; and
manufacturers seeking to have a share of overall powersports and recreation vehicle purchases as well as powersport and recreation vehicle dealer’s marketing and technology spend. To the extent that powersports and recreation vehicle dealers view alternative strategiesdirect relationship with customers or to be superior to RumbleOn, we may not be able to maintain or grow the number of dealers in our network, we may sell fewer powersports and recreation vehicles to users of our platform, and our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed.
support their dealer networks.
We also expect that competitors, both new competitorsand existing, will continue to enter the online powersports and recreation vehicletraditional powersports retail industry with competing brands, business models, products, and services, which could make it difficult to acquire inventory, attract customers, and sell vehicles at a profitable price. For example, traditional dealerships could transition their selling efforts to the internet, allowing them to more efficiently sell powersports across state lines and compete directly with our online offering and no-haggle pricing model. Some of these companies have an adverse effect on our revenue, businesssignificantly greater resources than we do and financial results.
may be able to provide customers access to a greater inventory of vehicles at lower prices or purchase vehicles from consumers at higher prices while delivering a competitive overall experience.
Our competitors could significantlymay also impede our ability to expandreach consumers in certain jurisdictions. For example, our network of dealers and regional auctions and to reach consumers. Our competitors may also developincrease their search engine optimization efforts and market new technologies that render our existing or future products and services less competitive, unmarketable or obsolete. In addition, if our competitors develop products or services with similar or superior functionality to our solutions, we may need to decrease the pricesoutbid us for our solutions in order to remain competitive. If we are unable to maintain our current pricing structure due to competitive pressures, our revenue will be reduced, and our operating results will be negatively affected.
search terms on various search engines.
Our current and potential competitors may have significantly moregreater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we have, and the ability to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and support of their products and services. Additionally, they may have more extensive recreation vehicle industry relationships, than we have, longer operating histories, and greater name recognition.recognition than we have. As a result, these competitors may be better able to respond more quickly with new technologies and to undertake more extensive marketing or promotional campaigns. If we are unable to compete with these companies, the demand for our used vehicles, products, and services could substantially decline.
In addition, if one or more of our competitors were to merge or partner with another of our competitors, the change in the competitive landscape could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Our competitors may also establish or strengthen cooperative relationships with our current or future third-party data providers, technology partners, or other parties with whom we may have relationships, thereby limiting our ability to develop, improve, and promote our solutions. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and competitive pressures may harm our revenue, business, and financial results.
Restrictive covenants in our debt agreements could limit our growth initiatives and implementation of our business strategy.
Our debt agreements impose operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions limit our ability and that of our subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) make investments or loans; (iii) create liens; (iv) consummate mergers and similar fundamental changes; (v) make restricted payments; (vi) make investments in unrestricted subsidiaries; (vii) enter into transactions with affiliates; and (viii) use proceeds from asset sales.
We may be prevented from taking advantage of business opportunities that arise because of the limitations imposed on us by the restrictive covenants under our debt agreements. The restrictions contained in the covenants could: (i) limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, to meet capital needs, or otherwise to restrict our activities or business strategy; and
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(ii) adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, enter into acquisitions or divestitures to engage in other business activities that would be in our interest.
A breach of any of these covenants or our inability to comply with the required financial ratios or financial condition tests could result in a default under our debt agreements that, if not cured or waived, could result in acceleration of all indebtedness outstanding thereunder and cross-default rights under our other debt. In addition, in the event of an event of default under our credit facilities, the affected lenders could foreclose on the collateral securing such credit facility and require repayment of all borrowings outstanding thereunder. If the amounts outstanding under the credit facilities or any of our other indebtedness were to be accelerated, our assets may not be sufficient to repay in full the amounts owed to the lenders or to our other debt holders.
Seasonality or weather trends may cause fluctuations in our unique visitors, revenue and operating results.
Our revenue trends are likely to be a reflection of consumers’ recreationconsumers' vehicle buying patterns. WhileBecause different types of recreation vehicles are designed for different seasons, (motorcycles are typically for non-snow seasons, while snowmobiles are typically designed for winter), our revenue may be cyclical if, for example, powersport and recreation vehicles and powersports and recreational dealers continue to represent a large percentage of our revenue.cyclical. Historically, the powersports industry has been seasonal, with traffic and sales strongest in the spring and summer quarters. Sales and traffic are typically slowest in the fall quarter but increase in Februaryspring and March,summer, coinciding with tax refund season.season and the coming warmer months. Our business will also be impacted by cyclical trends affecting the overall economy, specifically the retail recreation vehicle industry, as well as by actual or threatened severe weather events.
Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emission of greenhouse gases could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for the powersports vehicles we sell.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has adopted rules under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act that require: (1) a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles; (2) certain construction and operating permit reviews for greenhouse gas emissions from certain large stationary sources; and (3) monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from specified sources on an annual basis. The adoption of any laws or regulations requiring significant increases in fuel economy requirements or new federal or state restrictions on emissions of greenhouse gases from our operations or on vehicles and automotive fuels in the U.S. could adversely affect demand for those vehicles and require us to incur costs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases associated with our operations.
We collect, process, store, share, disclose and use personal information and other data, and our actual or perceived failure to protect such information and data could damage our reputation and brand and harm our business and operating results.
We collect, process, store, share, disclose, and use personal information and other data provided by consumers, dealers and auctions. We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to effect secure transmission of such information. We may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches. Any failure or perceived failure to maintain the security of personal and other data that is provided to us by consumers and dealers could harm our reputation and brand and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability, any of which could harm our business and operating results. In addition, from time to time, it is possible that concerns will be expressed about whether our products, services, or processes compromise the privacy of our users. Concerns about our practices with regard to the collection, use or disclosure of personal information or other privacy related matters, even if unfounded, could harm our business and operating results.
There are numerous federal, state, and local laws around the world regarding privacy and the collection, processing, storing, sharing, disclosing, using, and protecting of personal information and other data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and which may be costly to comply with and may be inconsistent between countries and jurisdictions or conflict with other rules. We generally comply with industry standards and are subject to the terms of our privacy policies and privacy-related obligations to third parties. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection, to the extent possible. However, it is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in new ways or in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices or that new regulations could be enacted. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to consumers or other third parties, or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of sensitive information, which may include personally identifiable information or other user data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could cause consumers and recreation vehicle dealers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Additionally, if vendors, developers, or other third parties that we work with violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may also put consumer or dealer information at risk and could in turn harm our reputation, business, and operating results.
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Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could harm our business and operating results.
A portion of our success may be dependent on our intellectual property, the protection of which is crucial to the success of our business. We expect to rely on a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret, and copyright law and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property. In addition, we will attempt to protect our intellectual property, technology, and confidential information by requiring our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreements and third parties to enter into nondisclosure agreements. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property, or technology and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property, or technology. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our website features, software, and functionality or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary.
Competitors may adopt service names similar to ours, thereby harming our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to user confusion. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other registered trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of the term “RumbleOn”"RumbleOn" or “RMBL.”
"RMBL."
We currently hold the “RumbleOn.com”numerous Internet domain name and various other related domain names. The regulation of domain names in the United States is subject to change. Regulatory bodies could establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars, or modify the requirements for holding domain names. As a result, we may not be able to acquire or maintain all domain names that use the name RideNow, RumbleOn, or RMBL.
We may in the future be subject to intellectual property disputes, which are costly to defend and could harm our business and operating results.
We may from time to timetime-to-time face allegations that we have infringed the trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other intellectual property rights of third parties, including from our competitors or non-practicing entities.
Patent and other intellectual property litigation may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict and may require us to stop offering some features, purchase licenses, or modify our products and features while we develop non-infringing substitutes or may result in significant settlement costs.
In addition, we use open sourceopen-source software in our products and will use open sourceopen-source software in the future. From time to time, we may face claims against companies that incorporate open sourceopen-source software into their products, claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the source code, the open sourceopen-source software or derivative works that were developed using such software, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms, of the applicable open sourceopen-source license. These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our platform or services, any of which would have a negative effect on our business and operating results.
Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could harm our business, our operating results and our reputation.
We provide transportation services and rely on external logistics to transport vehicles. Thus, we are subject to business risks and costs associated with the transportation industry. Many of these risks and costs are out of our control, and any of them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We dependprovide transportation services and rely on key personnelexternal logistics to operatetransport vehicles between and among customers or distribution network providers, and auction partners. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with the transportation industry such as weather, traffic patterns, gasoline prices, recalls affecting our business,vehicle fleet, local and iffederal regulations, vehicular crashes, insufficient internal capacity, rising prices of external transportation vendors, fuel prices, taxes, license and registration fees, insurance premiums, self-insurance levels, difficulty in recruiting and retaining qualified drivers, disruption of our technology systems, and increasing equipment and operational costs. Our failure to successfully manage our logistics and fulfillment process could cause a disruption in our inventory supply chain and distribution, which may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
A failure to obtain or maintain adequate insurance coverage could adversely affect our results of operations.
Although we have been able to obtain reasonably priced insurance coverage to meet our requirements in the past, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future. For example, catastrophic events can result in decreased coverage
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limits, more limited coverage, and increased premium costs or deductibles. If we are unable to retain, attract and integrate qualified personnel, our abilityobtain adequate insurance coverage, we would be subject to develop and successfully grow our business could be harmed.
We believe our success will depend onincreased out-of-pocket expenses in the efforts and talentsevent of our executives and employees, including Marshall Chesrown, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Steven R. Berrard, our Chief Financial Officer. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. In addition, the loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy,a claim and we may not be able to find adequate replacementsprocure certain contracts, either of which could materially adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or liquidity.
Our cash could be adversely affected if the financial institutions in which we hold our cash fail.
The company maintains cash deposits in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured banks. At any given time, the bank deposit balances may exceed the FDIC insurance limits. These balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions in which we deposit monies fail or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets.
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated impacts on economic activity have and may continue to have material adverse effects on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
The COVID-19 pandemic began negatively impacting the global economy in the first quarter of 2020 and continued to affect the global economy and supply chain throughout 2022. The pandemic has affected both consumer demand and the global supply of powersports vehicles, increasing demand for powersports vehicles at times, while also negatively impacting powersports manufacturers' ability to produce enough inventory to meet demand.
Inventory constraints driven by Demand/Supply Imbalances, coupled with strong consumer demand, have led, at times, to low new and used vehicle inventory and a high new and used vehicle pricing environment, which has driven retail new powersports vehicle unit sales volumes lower across the industry since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. New powersports vehicle and certain parts production levels began to improve in mid-2022; however, there is a risk that higher production levels and new powersports vehicle inventory on hand may not result in incremental retail new vehicle sales volume, which could result in vehicle price discounts that could adversely impact our revenues and other financial results.
The powersports retail industry is sensitive to unfavorable changes in general economic conditions and various other factors that could affect demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Future performance at our retail locations will be impacted by general economic conditions including: changes in employment levels; consumer demand, preferences and confidence levels; the availability and cost of credit; fuel prices; levels of discretionary personal income; and interest rates. We are also subject to economic, competitive, and other conditions prevailing in the various markets in which we operate our retail locations, even if those conditions are not prominent nationally.
Retail powersports sales are cyclical and historically have experienced periodic downturns characterized by oversupply and weak demand, which could result in a need to lower the prices at which we sell our powersports offering, which would reduce revenue per vehicle sold and margins. Additionally, a shift in consumer’s vehicle preferences driven by pricing, fuel costs or other factors may have a material adverse effect on our revenue, margins, and results of operations.
Adverse conditions affecting one or more of the powersports manufacturers with which we hold franchises, or their inability to deliver a desirable mix of vehicles could have a material adverse effect on our new vehicle retail business.
Historically, our retail locations have generated most of their revenue through new vehicle sales and related sales of higher-margin products and services, such as finance and insurance products and vehicle-related parts and service. As a result, business and results of operations depends on various aspects of vehicle manufacturers’ operations, many of which are outside of its control. Our ability to sell new vehicles is dependent on its manufacturers’ ability to design and produce, and willingness to allocate and deliver to us, a desirable mix of popular new vehicles that consumers demand. Popular vehicles may often be difficult to obtain from manufacturers for a number of reasons, including the fact that manufacturers generally allocate their vehicles based on sales history and associated capital expenditures. Further, if a manufacturer fails to produce desirable vehicles or develops a reputation for producing undesirable vehicles or produces vehicles that do not comply with applicable laws or government regulations, our revenue could be adversely affected as consumers shift their vehicle purchases away from that brand.
Although we seek to limit dependence on any one OEM, there can be no assurance the brand mix allocated and delivered to us will be sufficiently diverse to protect us from a significant decline in the desirability of vehicles manufactured
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by a particular manufacturer or disruptions in a manufacturer’s ability to produce vehicles. For the year ended December 31, 2022, OEMs representing 10% or more of RumbleOn’s revenue from new powersports vehicle sales were as follows:
Manufacturer (Vehicle Brands):% of Total
New Vehicle Revenue
Polaris29.9%
BRP25.1%
Harley-Davidson12.3%
In addition, the powersports manufacturing supply chain spans the globe. As such, supply chain disruptions may affect the flow of vehicle and parts inventories to an OEM’s manufacturing partners or to us. Such continued disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Substantial competition in powersports sales and services may have a material adverse effect on our business.
The powersports retail and service industry is highly competitive with respect to price, service, location, and selection. Our competition includes: (i) franchised powersport dealerships in its markets that sell the same or similar new and used vehicles; (ii) privately negotiated “peer-to-peer” sales of used powersport vehicles; (iii) other used powersport vehicle retailers, including regional and national rental companies; (iv) internet-based used powersport vehicle brokers that sell used vehicles to consumers; (v) service center and parts supply chain stores; and (vi) independent service and repair shops.
We do not have a material cost advantage over other retailers in purchasing new vehicles from manufacturers. We typically rely on our advertising, merchandising, sales expertise, service reputation, strong local branding, and location to sell our products. Because our dealer agreements grant only a non-exclusive right to sell a manufacturer’s product within a specified market area, our revenue, gross profit, and overall profitability may be materially adversely affected if competing dealerships expand their market share. Further, our vehicle manufacturers may decide to award additional franchises in our markets in ways that negatively impact our sales.
We are dependent on our relationships with the manufacturers of vehicles we sell and are subject to restrictions imposed by these vehicle manufacturers. Any of these restrictions or any changes or deterioration of these relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We are dependent on our relationships with the manufacturers of the vehicles we sell, which have the ability to exercise a great deal of control and influence over our day-to-day operations, as a result of the terms of its our agreements with them. We may obtain new vehicles from manufacturers, service vehicles, sell new vehicles, and display vehicle manufacturers’ trademarks only to the extent permitted under these agreements. The terms of these agreements may conflict with our interests and objectives and may impose limitations on key aspects of our operations, including our acquisition strategy.
For example, manufacturers can set performance standards with respect to sales volume, sales effectiveness, and customer satisfaction, and require us to obtain manufacturer consent before we can acquire dealerships selling a manufacturer’s vehicles. From time to time, we may be precluded under agreements with certain manufacturers from acquiring additional franchises, or subject to other adverse actions, to the extent we are not meeting certain performance criteria at existing stores until performance improves in accordance with the agreements, subject to applicable state franchise laws. In addition, many vehicle manufacturers place limits on the total number of franchises that any group of affiliated dealerships may own and certain manufacturers place limits on the number of franchises or share of total brand vehicle sales that may be maintained by an affiliated dealership group on a national, regional or local basis, as well as limits on store ownership in contiguous markets, which limits may be applicable to the Company as a result of the Transaction. If we reach any of these limits, we may be prevented from making further acquisitions, or we may be required to dispose of certain dealerships, which could adversely affect our future growth. We cannot provide assurance that manufacturers will approve future acquisitions timely, basis,if at all, which could significantly impair the execution of our acquisition strategy.
Manufacturers can also establish new franchises or relocate existing franchises, subject to applicable state franchise laws. The establishment or relocation of franchises in our current markets could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, and results of operations of our retail locations in the market in which the action is taken.
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If vehicle manufacturers reduce or discontinue sales incentive, warranty, or other promotional programs, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
We benefit from sales incentive, warranty, and other promotional programs of vehicle manufacturers that are intended to promote and support their respective new vehicle sales. Key incentive programs include: (i) customer rebates on new vehicles; (ii) dealer incentives on new vehicles; (iii) special financing or leasing terms; (iv) warranties on new and used vehicles; and (v) sponsorship of used vehicle sales by authorized new vehicle dealers.
Vehicle manufacturers often make changes to their incentive programs. Any reduction or discontinuation of manufacturers’ incentive programs for any reason, including a supply and demand imbalance, may reduce our sales volume which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.
If state laws that protect powersports retailers are repealed, or weakened, our retail locations may be more susceptible to termination, non-renewal, or renegotiation of their dealer agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Applicable state laws generally provide that a vehicle manufacturer may not terminate or refuse to renew a dealer agreement unless it has first provided the dealer with written notice setting forth “good cause” and stating the grounds for termination or non-renewal. Some state laws allow dealers to file protests or petitions or allow them to attempt to comply with the manufacturer’s criteria within a notice period to avoid the termination or non-renewal. Our agreements with certain manufacturers contain provisions that, among other things, attempt to limit the protections available to dealers under these laws, and, though unsuccessful to date, manufacturers’ ongoing lobbying efforts may lead to the repeal or revision of these laws. If these laws are repealed in the states in which we operate, manufacturers may be able to terminate our franchises without providing advance notice, an opportunity to cure or a showing of good cause. Without the protection of these state laws, it may also be more difficult for us to renew dealer agreements upon expiration. Changes in laws that provide manufacturers the ability to terminate our dealer agreements could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We operate in a highly regulated industry and are subject to a wide range of federal, state and local laws and regulations. Failure to comply with current or new laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and reputation.
We are subject to a wide range of federal, state, and local laws and regulations, such as those relating to motor vehicle, retail installment sales, leasing, finance and insurance, marketing, licensing, consumer protection, consumer privacy, escheatment, anti-money laundering, environmental, vehicle emissions and fuel economy, and health and safety. The regulatory bodies that regulate our business include, at all. the federal level: the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the FTC, the DOT, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration, the Department of Justice, and the Federal Communications Commission; at the state level: various state dealer licensing authorities, state consumer protection agencies including state attorney general offices, and state financial and insurance regulatory agencies; and at the municipal level our business is regulated by various municipal authorities covering licensing, zoning, occupancy, and tax obligations. We are subject to compliance audits of our operations by many of these authorities.
Vehicle Sales. Our executive officerssale and purchase of vehicles, both new and pre-owned, related products and services and third-party finance products, are at-will employees,subject to the state and local dealer licensing requirements in the jurisdictions in which means theywe have retail or wholesale locations. Regulators of jurisdictions where our customers reside, but in which we do not have a dealer or financing license could require that we obtain a license or otherwise comply with various state regulations. Despite our belief that we are not subject to the licensing requirements of those jurisdictions in which we do not have a physical presence, regulators may terminateseek to impose punitive fines for operating without a license or demand we seek a license in those jurisdictions, any of which may inhibit our ability to do business in those jurisdictions, increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Consumer Finance. The financing we offer customers is subject to federal and state laws regulating the advertising and provision of consumer finance options, the collection of consumer credit and financial information, along with requirements related to online payments and electronic funds transfers, of whether RumbleOn Finance or a third-party is the entity extending credit to such customers. Most states regulate retail installment sales, including setting a maximum interest rate, caps on certain fees, or maximum amounts financed. In addition, certain states require that finance companies file a notice of intent or have a sales finance license or an installment sellers license in order to solicit or originate installment sales in that state.
Logistics and Transportation. Our Wholesale Express logistics operations, which brokers and facilitates the transportation of vehicles primarily between and among dealers, is subject to motor-carrier rules and regulations promulgated by the DOT and the states through which their customers’ vehicles are transported. Additionally, the vendors whom Wholesale
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Express relies upon are subject to federal and state regulation concerning transport vehicle dimensions, transport vehicle conditions, driver motor vehicle record history, driver alcohol and drug testing, and driver hours of service. More restrictive limitations on vehicle weight and size, condition, trailer length and configuration, methods of measurement, driver qualifications, or driver hours of service may increase the costs charged to Wholesale Express by its vendors, which may adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows. If we fail to comply with the DOT regulations or if those regulations become more stringent, we could be subject to increased inspections, audits, or compliance burdens. Regulatory authorities could take remedial action including imposing fines, suspending, or shutting down our Wholesale Express operations.
Environmental Laws and Regulations. We are subject to a variety of federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations that pertain to our operations. The regulations concern material storage, air quality, waste handling, and water pollution control. The regulations also regulate our use and operation of gasoline storage tanks, gasoline dispensing equipment, oil tanks, and paint booths among other things. Our business involves the use, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, including motor oil, gasoline, solvents, lubricants, paints, and other substances. We manage our compliance through permitting and operational control.
Facilities and Personnel. Our facilities and business operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and health and safety, and our employment relationship with us atpractices are subject to various laws and regulations, including complex federal, state, and local wage and hour and anti-discrimination laws. We may also be liable for employee misconduct and violations of laws or regulations to which we are subject.
Federal Advertising Regulations. The FTC has authority to take actions to remedy or prevent advertising practices that it considers to be unfair or deceptive and that affect commerce in the United States. If the FTC takes the position in the future that any time, and their knowledgeaspect of our business constitutes an unfair or deceptive advertising practice, responding to such allegations could require us to pay significant damages, settlements, and industrycivil penalties, or could require us to make adjustments to our products and services, any or all of which could result in substantial adverse publicity, loss of participating dealers, lost revenue, increased expenses, and decreased profitability.
Federal Antitrust Laws. The antitrust laws prohibit, among other things, any joint conduct among competitors that would be extremely difficult to replace. We cannot ensurelessen competition in the marketplace. Some of the information that we willmay obtain from dealers may be ablesensitive and, if disclosed inappropriately, could potentially be pre-owned by dealers to retainimpede competition or otherwise diminish independent pricing activity. A governmental or private civil action alleging the servicesimproper exchange of any members of our senior managementinformation, or unlawful participation in price maintenance or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employeesunlawful or retaining and motivating existing employees, our businessanticompetitive activity, even if unfounded, could be materiallycostly to defend and adversely affected.
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We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.
Our success will depend, in part, onimpact our ability to maintain and grow our business in responsedealer network.In addition, governmental or private civil actions related to the demands of consumers, dealers and other constituents within the powersports and recreation vehicle industry as well as competitive pressures. In some circumstances, we may determineantitrust laws could result in orders suspending or terminating our ability to do so through the acquisitionbusiness or otherwise altering or limiting certain of complementary businesses and technologies rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisitions. The risks we face in connection with acquisitions include:
diversion of management time and focus from operating our business practices, including the manner in which we handle or disclose pricing information, or the imposition of significant civil or criminal penalties, including fines or the award of significant damages against us in class action or other civil litigation.
Other. In addition to addressing acquisition integration challenges;
coordination of technology, researchthese laws and development and sales and marketing functions;
transition of the acquired company’s usersregulations that apply specifically to our websitebusiness, we are also subject to laws and mobile applications;
retentionregulations affecting public companies, including securities laws and Nasdaq listing rules. The violation of employees from the acquired company;
cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization;
integrationany of the acquired company’s accounting, management information, human resources, and otherthese laws or regulations could result in administrative, systems;
the need to implementcivil or improve controls, procedures, and policies at a business that prior to the acquisition may have lacked effective controls, procedures, and policies;
potential write-offs of intangiblescriminal penalties or other assets acquired in such transactions that may have an adverse effect our operating results in a given period;
liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including patent and trademark infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities, and other known and unknown liabilities; and
litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, consumers, former stockholders, or other third parties.
Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities, and harmcease-and-desist order against our business generally. Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, or the impairment of goodwill,operations, any of which could harmdamage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, sales and results of operations. We have incurred and will continue to incur capital and operating expenses and other costs to comply with these laws and regulations.
The foregoing description of laws and regulations to which we are or may be subject is not exhaustive, and the regulatory framework governing our operations is subject to evolving interpretations and continuous change. Violation of the laws or regulations to which we are subject could result in consumer class actions or other lawsuits, government investigations, and administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions against us and, which may include significant fines and penalties that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition. Also,condition and future prospects.
We are subject to risks associated with imported product restrictions or limitations, foreign trade and currency fluctuations.
Our business involves the anticipated benefitssale of any acquisitionsvehicles, parts, or vehicles composed of parts that are manufactured outside the United States. As a result, its operations are subject to risks of doing business outside of the United States and importing merchandise, including import duties, exchange rates, trade restrictions, work stoppages, natural or man-made disasters, and general political and socio-economic conditions in other countries. The United States or the countries from which our products are imported may, not materializefrom time to time, impose new quotas, duties, tariffs, or other restrictions or limitations, or adjust presently
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prevailing quotas, duties, or tariffs. The imposition of new, or adjustments to prevailing, quotas, duties, tariffs, or other restrictions or limitations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Relative weakness of the extent we anticipateU.S. dollar against foreign currencies in the future may result in an increase in costs to us and in the retail price of such vehicles or at all.
parts, which could discourage consumers from purchasing such vehicles and adversely impact its revenue and profitability.
Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock
The trading price for our Class B Common Stock
Our largest stockholders may have the ability to exert substantial influence over actions to be volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in per share price.taken or approved by our stockholders.
Our Class B Common Stock is listed for trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the trading symbol “RMBL,” however historically there has been a limited public market for our Class B Common Stock. The liquidity of any market for the sharesAt March 15, 2023, two of our Class B Common Stock will depend onstockholders beneficially owned approximately 32.5% of the Company’s voting power. As a number of factors, including:
result, these individuals may have the number of stockholders;
ability to exert substantial influence over actions to be taken or approved by our operating performance and financial condition;
the market for similar securities;
the extent of coverage of us by securities or industry analysts; and
the interest of securities dealers in making a marketstockholders. Also, in the shares of our common stock.
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The market price for our Class B Common Stockfuture, these stockholders may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the priceacquire or dispose of shares of our Class B Common Stock could decline significantly if our future operating results fail to meetcommon stock and thereby increase or exceeddecrease their ownership stake in us. Significant fluctuations in the expectationslevels of market analysts and investors and actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results could negatively affect our share price.
Other factors may also contribute to volatility of the priceownership of our Class B Common Stocklargest stockholders could impact the volume of trading, liquidity, and could subject our Class B Common Stock to wide fluctuations. These include, but are not limited to:
developments in the financial markets and worldwide or regional economies;
announcements of innovations or new products or services by us or our competitors;
announcements by the government relating to regulations that govern our industry;
significant sales of our Class B Common Stock or other securities in the open market;
variations in interest rates;
changes in the market valuations of other comparable companies; and
changes in accounting principles.
Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and an even greater percentage of the Company’s voting power and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval.
Our executive officers and directors as a group beneficially own shares of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock representing approximately 74.5% in aggregate of our voting power, including approximately 62.5%in aggregate voting power held by Messrs. Chesrown and Berrard as the only holders of our 1,000,000 outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock, which has ten votes for each one share outstanding. As a result, these stockholders have the ability to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders are able to control elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that you may believe are in your best interest as a stockholder or to take other action that you may believe are not in your best interest as a stockholder. This may also adversely affect the market price of our Class B Common Stock.
common stock.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class B Common Stockcommon stock may be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our business model, our intellectual property or our stock performance, or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Because our Class B Common Stock may be deemed a low-priced “penny” stock, an investment in our Class B Common Stock should be considered high risk and subject to marketability restrictions.
When the trading price of our Class B Common Stock is $5.00 per share or lower, it is deemed a penny stock, as defined in Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act, and subject to the penny stock rules of the Exchange Act specified in rules 15g-1 through 15g-10. Those rules require broker-dealers, before effecting transactions in any penny stock, to:
deliver to the customer, and obtain a written receipt for, a disclosure document;
disclose certain price information about the stock;
disclose the amount of compensation received by the broker-dealer or any associated person of the broker-dealer;
send monthly statements to customers with market and price information about the penny stock; and
in some circumstances, approve the purchaser’s account under certain standards and deliver written statements to the customer with information specified in the rules.
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Consequently, if our Class B Common Stock is $5.00 per share price or lower, the penny stock rules may restrict the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell the Class B Common Stock and may affect the ability of holders to sell their Class B Common Stock in the secondary market and the price at which such holders can sell any such securities. These additional procedures could also limit our ability to raise additional capital in the future.
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock is restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our Class B Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class B Common Stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class B Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Class B Common Stock.
On February 8, 2017, our executive officers, directors, and certain stockholders entered into an Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”), restricting the stockholders’ ability to transfer shares of our common stock through the earlier of (i) October 19, 2017, or (ii) the date on which we receive at least $3,500,000 in proceeds of any equity financing, subject to certain exceptions. Approximately 7.3 million shares of our Class B Common Stock were subject to these restrictions. In addition to the Stockholders Agreement, our executive officers, directors and certain stockholders entered into lock-up agreements, which restricted the sale of our common stock by such parties through December 31, 2017. Approximately 7.1 million shares of our Class B Common Stock were subject to these lock-up agreements. In addition, approximately 6.3 million shares of our Class B Common Stock are currently subject to a contractual lock-up through April 21, 2018 with the underwriters of the 2017 Public Offering. Subject to certain limitations, including sales volume limitations with respect to shares held by our affiliates, following April 21, 2018, substantially all of our outstanding shares of common stock will become eligible for sale. Sales of stock by the stockholders currently subject to these lock-ups could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.
We do not currently or for the foreseeable future intend to pay dividends on our common stock.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future on the shares of common stock. We intend to reinvest any earning in the development and expansion of our business. As a result, any return on your investment in our common stock will be limited to the appreciation in the price of our common stock, if any.
We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act of 2012,currently subject to reduced reporting requirements so long as we are considered a "smaller reporting company" and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growthsmaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”), and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from variouscurrently subject to reduced reporting requirements thatso long as we are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holdingconsidered a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved."smaller reporting company." We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we maycurrently rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We will remain an “emerging growth company”are subject to risks associated with proxy contests and other actions of activist stockholders.
Publicly traded companies have increasingly become subject to campaigns by activist investors advocating specific corporate actions. On March 15, 2023, two former directors and current shareholders, William Coulter and Mark Tkach, issued a press release regarding their announced intention to nominate five individuals for three seats that they believe are up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner iffor election at our revenue exceeds $1 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Our Board of Directors welcomes open communications with all of our stockholders. However, if the market valueCompany and Messrs. Coulter and Tkach cannot reach an agreement in connection with their proposed nominations, there may be a contested election at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. A proxy contest or related activities on the part of any activist stockholders, could adversely affect our business for a number of reasons, including the following:
Responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million.Board of Directors, management, and our employees;
Even if we no longer qualifyPerceived uncertainties as an “emerging growth company,” we may still be subject to reduced reporting requirements so long as we are considered a “smaller reporting company.”
Manythe future direction of the exemptions available for emerging growth companies are also availableCompany may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and may make it more difficult to smaller reporting companies like us that have less than $75 million of worldwide common equity held by non-affiliates. So, although we may no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still be subject to reduced reporting requirements.
attract and retain qualified personnel, business partners, customers, and
23


16
Tableothers important to our success, any of Contents
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, stockholderswhich could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harmnegatively affect our business and the trading priceour results of operations and financial condition;
A successful proxy contest could result in a change in control of our common stock.
Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary forBoard, and such an event could subject us to provide reliable financial reportscertain contractual obligations under several material agreements; and together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures,
If nominees advanced by activist stockholders are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required newelected or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing by us conducted in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or any subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changesappointed to our financial statementsBoard with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively and timely implement our strategic plans or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controlsto realize long-term value from our assets, and this could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which couldturn have a negativean adverse effect on the trading priceour business and on our results of our common stock.operations and financial condition.
We are required to disclose changes made in our internal controls and procedures on a quarterly basis and our management will be required to assess the effectiveness of these controls annually. However, for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. We could be an “emerging growth company” for up to five years. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation.

Anti-takeover provisions may limit the ability of another party to acquire us, which could causeadversely impact our stock price to decline.
price.
Nevada law and our charter, bylaws, and other governing documents contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us, even if doing so may be beneficial to our stockholders, which could cause our stock price to decline. In addition, these provisions could limit the price investors would be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
ItemITEM 1B.    
Unresolved Staff Comments.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
24



ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES.

At December 31, 2022, our operations comprised 55 powersports retail locations, six fulfillment centers, and ten other facilities that serve our automotive operations, logistics business, fulfillment and vehicle storage, and field support needs.
Powersports Retail Locations and Fulfillment Centers
BMW Motorcycles of Huntsville+1
AL
RideNow Powersports Kansas City+4
KS
RideNow Powersports Huntsville+1
AL
Indian Motorcycle Concord+5
NC
Harley-Davidson of TucsonAZ
RumbleOn Fulfillment Concord+5
NC
Old Pueblo Harley-DavidsonAZ
Ducati Las Vegas+6
NV
RideNow Powersports Apache JunctionAZ
Indian Las Vegas+6
NV
RideNow Powersports GoodyearAZRideNow Powersports on BoulderNV
RideNow Powersports on InaAZRideNow Powersports on RanchoNV
RideNow Powersports SurpriseAZRumbleOn Fulfillment - Las VegasNV
RideNow Powersports TucsonAZIndian- Slingshot CincinnatiOH
Tucson IndianAZPowder Keg Harley-DavidsonOH
Arrowhead Harley-DavidsonAZFort Thunder Harley-DavidsonOK
Chandler Harley-DavidsonAZRumbleOn Fulfillment - BristolPA
Indian Motorcycle Chandler+2
AZRideNow Powersports SturgisSD
RideNow Powersports Chandler+2
AZBlack Gold Harley-DavidsonTX
BMW Chandler+2
AZRideNow Powersports Burleson*TX
Indian Motorcycle Peoria+3
AZRideNow Powersports DecaturTX
RideNow Powersports Peoria+3
AZRideNow Powersports Fort Worth*TX
RideNow 3333 PhoenixAZ
RideNow Powersports Hurst+
TX
RideNow Powersports PhoenixAZ
BMW Motorcycles of Hurst+
TX
Roadrunner Harley-DavidsonAZRumbleOn Fulfillment - Fort WorthTX
El Cajon Harley-DavidsonCACentral Texas Harley-DavidsonTX
RideNow SoCalCADallas Harley-DavidsonTX
RideNow GainesvilleFLRideNow Powersports Dallas*TX
RideNow Powersports Beach BlvdFLRideNow Powersports DentonTX
RumbleOn Fulfillment - OcalaFLRideNow Powersports Farmers BranchTX
RideNow Powersports OrlandoFLRideNow Powersports Lewisville*TX
Indian Motorcycle Daytona BeachFLRideNow Powersports Weatherford*TX
RideNow Powersports OcalaFLRideNow Powersports McKinney*TX
RideNow Powersports Daytona BeachFL
RideNow Powersports Austin+7
TX
RideNow Powersports JacksonvilleFL
BMW Austin+7
TX
Warhorse Harley-DavidsonFLRideNow Powersports ForneyTX
RideNow Powersports CantonGARideNow Powersports GeorgetownTX
RideNow Powersports McDonough*GARattlesnake Mountain Harley-DavidsonWA
Indian Motorcycle Kansas City+4
KSRideNow Powersports Tri-CitiesWA
(*) Owned property, subject to lien. All other properties are leased.
(+) These seven retail locations occupy the same building.


Item 2. 
Properties.25


We currently maintain our corporate offices at 4521 Sharon Road, Suite 370, Charlotte, NC 28211. We currently have no monthly rent, nor do we accrue any expense for monthly rent for our corporate offices, although we pay for internet and telephone services at these offices.
We sublease our Dallas, Texas operations center and pay approximately $3,700 a month.  This sublease expires on April 30, 2018.  We believe we can extend the sublease on a month-to-month basis while we look for a new, larger location for our operations team and we expect that the terms of any lease we enter will be at market rates.  We are a co-leasee on a warehouse space in Missouri from which we operate our licensed dealer operation; total shared monthly rent for the building is $4,250.  Also, we pay for space to store vehicles on a monthly basis in Washington state from a dealer that is separate and distinct from the location of the dealership, on the same terms as paid by the dealer. This facility serves as our northwestern regional distribution center. Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2017 is $30,000 for rent owed to the dealer. For additional information, see Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence - Test Dealer.
Item 3. 
Legal Proceedings.




ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.proceedings as set forth in Item 103 of Regulation S-K, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. As previously disclosed in the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, as filed on November 8, 2022, the Company reached a global and binding settlement with the former primary owners of RideNow. The settlement agreement resolved all then pending claims before the Delaware Chancery Court, released certain potential and future claims between the parties, and resulted in no incremental consideration exchanging hands.
ItemITEM 4.    
Mine Safety Disclosures.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not Applicable.
26
17

PART II
PART II
ItemITEM 5.    
Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchase Of Equity Securities
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
As of October 29, 2017, our Class B common stockCommon Stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol RMBL.“RMBL.” Before October 29, 2017, our common stock traded on the OTCQB Market under the symbol RMBL,“RMBL,” and before January 1, 2017, our common stock was not traded, except for 5,000250 shares, which traded on the OTC Markets Pink Sheets on January 22, 2016 at a price of $0.245 per share. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock for the period indicated:
Year Ending December 31, 2017
 
High
 
 
Low
 
First Quarter
 $5.00 
 $0.00 
Second Quarter
 $7.00 
 $3.40 
Third Quarter
 $9.50 
 $6.50 
Fourth Quarter
 $10.00 
 $4.05 
2016.
Holders of Common Stock
As of February 23, 2018,March 15, 2023, we had approximately 4365 stockholders of record of 11,928,541 issued and16,273,768 outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock and two holders of record of 1,000,000 issued and50,000 outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends. We currently do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future on the shares of common stock. We intend to reinvest any earning in the development and expansion of our business. Any cash dividends in the future to common stockholders will be payable when, as and if declared by our board of directors, based upon the Board’s assessment of:
our financial condition;
earnings;
need for funds;
capital requirements;
prior claims of preferred stock to the extent issued and outstanding; and
other factors, including any applicable law.
Board's assessment. Therefore, there can be no assurance that any dividends on the common stock will ever be paid.
ITEM 6.    [RESERVED.]


Item 6. 
Selected Financial Data.27



ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This item is not applicable, as we are considered a smaller reporting company.

18
Item 7. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in this annual report.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included in this 2022 Form 10-K. Unless differences among reportable segments are material to an understanding of our business taken as a whole, we present the discussion in this MD&A on a consolidated basis. Terms not defined in this MD&A have the meanings ascribed to them in the Consolidated Financial Statements. All dollars are reported in thousands, except per share and per unit amounts.
Organization
RumbleOn was incorporated in October 2013 under the laws of the State of Nevada as SmartServer, Inc. In 2016, following the acquisition of SmartServer by RumbleOn founders Marshall Chesrown and Steven Berrard, we changed our name to RumbleOn, Inc. Since that time, we have grown our business through organic development and strategic acquisitions into the first and only true Omnichannel powersports retailer. Headquartered in the Dallas Metroplex, RumbleOn is revolutionizing the customer experience for outdoor enthusiasts across the country and making powersport vehicles accessible to more people, in more places than ever before.
Overview
RumbleOn operatesis the nation’s first and largest technology-based online and in-store marketplace in powersports, leveraging proprietary technology to transform the powersports supply chain from acquisition of supply through distribution of retail and wholesale. RumbleOn provides an unparalleled technology suite and ecommerce experience, a capital light disruptive e-commerce platform facilitatingnational footprint of physical locations, and full-line manufacturer representation to transform the ability of both consumers and dealers to Buy-Sell-Trade-Finance pre-owned vehicles in one online location.entire customer experience. Our goal is to transformintegrate the way pre-ownedbest of both the physical and the digital, and make the transition between the two seamless.
We buy and sell new and used vehicles are boughtthrough multiple company-owned websites and sold by providing users with the most efficient, timely and transparent transaction experience. Our initial focus is the market for vin specific pre-owned vehicles with an emphasis on motorcycles and other powersports.
Serving both consumers and dealers, through our online marketplace platform, we make cash offers for the purchase of pre-owned vehicles. In addition, we offer a large inventory of pre-owned vehicles for sale along with third-party financing and associated products. Our operations are designed to be scalable by working through an infrastructure and capital light model that is achievable by virtue of a synergistic relationship with our regional partners, including dealers and auctions. We utilize regional partners in the acquisition of pre-owned vehiclesaffiliate channels, as well as via our proprietary cash offer tool and network of more than 55 company-owned retail locations and fulfillment centers at December 31, 2022 primarily located in the Sunbelt. Deepening our presence in existing markets and expanding into new markets through strategic acquisitions perpetuates our mission to provide inspection, reconditioningchange the customer experience in powersports and distribution services. Correspondingly, we can earn fees and transaction income, whilebuild market share, which together represent our regional partners can earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales and fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs.
North Star. Our business model is driven by acash offer technology platform we acquiredbrings in February 2017, through our acquisition of substantially all of the assets of NextGen. The acquired system provides integrated vehicle appraisal, inventory management, customer relationship and lead management, equity mining, and other key services necessary to drive the online marketplace. Over the past 16 years, the developers of the software have designed and built, for large multi-national clients, a number of dealer and, what we believe to be, high quality applications solutions.inventory, which attracts more riders and drives volume in used unit sales. As a result of our growth to date, RumbleOn enjoys a leading, first-mover position in the highly fragmented $100 billion+ powersports market.
RumbleOn’s powersports business offers motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility terrain vehicles, personal watercraft, and all other powersports products, parts, apparel, and accessories. Facilitating our platform, RumbleOn’s retail distribution locations represent all major OEMs and their representative brands, including those listed below.
Key Operation Metrics
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As
RumbleOn’s Representative Brands
AlumacraftIntenseSoul Saver (bicycles)
ArgoKawasakiSpecialized (bicycles)
BenelliKayoSpeed/UTV
Bennington (boats)Kayo SportsSpyder
Blazer BoatsKTMSSR
BMWLynx (Snowmobiles)SSR Motorsports
Can-AmMAGICTILT Jet skisSTACYC (electric)
CF MotoManitouSuzuki
Crevalle BoatsManitou (Boats)TideWater
Cub Cadet (mowers)Mercury (Boats)Tidewater (Boats)
DucatiPolarisTIGE (Boats)
Gas-GasPolaris SlingshotTimbersled (Snow)
Hammerhead Off-RoadRanger BoatsTrailmaster (off-road/gocarts)
Harley-DavidsonRykerTriumph
HisunScarabVanderhall
HondaSea-DooWellcraft (Boats)
Huricane BoatsSegway PowersportsYamaha
IndianSki-DooYamaha Marine
Indian MotorcyclesSlingshotZero Motorcycles
RumbleOn leverages technology and data to streamline operations, improve profitability, and drive lifetime engagements with our business expands we willcustomers by offering a best-in-class customer experience with unmatched Omnichannel capabilities. Our Omnichannel platform offers consumers the fastest, easiest, and most transparent transactions available in powersports. RumbleOn customers have access to the most comprehensive powersports vehicle offering, including the ability to buy, sell, trade, and finance online, in store at any of our brick-and-mortar locations, or both. RumbleOn offers financing solutions for consumers; trusted physical retail and service locations; online and in-store instant cash offers, and unparalleled access to pre-owned inventory; and apparel, parts, service, and accessories.
KEY OPERATING METRICS
We regularly review a number of key operating metrics to evaluate our business,segments, measure our progress, and make strategicoperating decisions. Our key operating metrics reflect what we believe will be the keyprimary drivers of our growth,business, including increasing brand awareness, maximizing the opportunity to source the purchase of low cost pre-owned vehicles from consumers and dealers, whileand enhancing the selection and timing of vehicles we make available for sale to our customers.Our key operating metrics also demonstrate our ability
RumbleOn completed its business combinations with RideNow Powersports, the nation’s largest powersports retailer group with 41 retail locations, primarily across the Sunbelt (“RideNow”) on August 31, 2021 (the “RideNow Closing Date”). On February 18, 2022 (the “Freedom Closing Date”), the Company completed its acquisition of Freedom Powersports, LLC (“Freedom Powersports”) and Freedom Powersports Real Estate, LLC (“Freedom Powersports - RE” and together with Freedom Powersports, the “Freedom Entities”), a retailer group with 13 retail locations in Texas, Georgia, and Alabama.
The Key Operating Metrics table below includes the results of the Freedom Entities exclusively from the Freedom Closing Date through December 31, 2022. Please note that results of RideNow and Freedom Powersports prior to translate these drivers into salesthe RideNow Closing Date and Freedom Closing Date are not reflected in the presentation below. Increases in line items within the powersports segment are primarily the result of the acquisitions and the reader should note that most period-over-period dollar comparisons (as opposed to monetize these retail sales through a varietyper unit amounts) are materially impacted by the introduction of product offerings.the new businesses (the “Acquisition Effect”).
29


 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Vehicles sold
  678 
  - 
Regional partners
  21 
  - 
Average monthly unique users
  97,877 
  - 
Vehicle inventory available on website
  751 
  - 
Average days to sale
  38 
  - 
Total average gross margin per vehicle
 $750 
  - 

Powersports and Automotive Segments
Vehicles SoldRevenue
We define vehicles sold as the numberRevenue of pre-owned vehicles sold to consumers and dealers in each period, netis comprised of returns under our three-day return policy. We view vehicles sold as a key measure of our growth for several reasons. First, vehicles sold is the primary driver of our revenue and, indirectly, gross profit, since vehicle sales, enable multiple complementary revenue streams, including financing, vehicle service contracts and trade-ins. Second, growth in vehicles sold increases the base of available customers for referrals and repeat sales. Third, growth in vehicles sold is an indicator of our ability to successfully scale our logistics, fulfillment, and customer service operations.
Regional Partners
Our operations are designed to be scalable by working through an infrastructure and capital light model that is achievable by virtue of a synergistic relationship with regional partners. We utilize these regional partners in the acquisition of powersport vehicles and regional partner locations provide inspection, reconditioning and distribution services. Correspondingly, we earn fees and transaction income, and regional partners earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales, leads, and fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs. As regional partners are added throughout the U.S., the cost and time associated with distribution programs will be significantly reduced as the pickup and delivery of pre-owned vehicles will become more localized thus reducing shipping costs and the average days to sale for pre-owned vehicles.
19
Average Monthly Unique Users
We define a monthly unique user as an individual who has visited our website within a calendar month, based on data provided by Google Analytics. We calculate average monthly unique users as the sum of monthly unique users in a given period, divided by the number of months in that period, including vehicles of our dealer partners. We view average monthly unique users as a key indicator of the strength of our brand, the effectiveness of our advertising and merchandising campaigns and consumer awareness.
Vehicle Inventory Available on Website
We define vehicle inventory available on website as the number of pre-owned vehicles listed for sale on our website on the last day of a given reporting period, including vehicles of our dealer partners. Until we reach an optimal pooled inventory level, we view pre-owned vehicle inventory available as a key measure of our growth. Growth in available pre-owned vehicle inventory increases the selection of pre-owned vehicles available to consumers and dealers on a nationwide basis, which we believe will allow us to increase the number of pre-owned vehicles we sell.
Average Days to Sale
We define average days to sale as the average number of days between vehicle acquisition by us and delivery to a customer for all pre-owned vehicles sold in a period. However, this metric does not include any pre-owned vehicles that remain unsold at period end. We view average days to sale as a useful metric due to its impact on pre-owned vehicle average selling price. We anticipate that average days to sale will increase in future periods until we reach an optimal pooled inventory level and fully scale our acquisition and sales channel processes.
Total Average Gross Margin per Vehicle
We define total average gross margin per vehicle as the aggregate gross margin in a given period divided by pre-owned vehicles sold in that period. Total average gross margin per vehicle is driven by sales of pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers which, provides an opportunity to generate finance and insurance products bundled with retail vehicle sales (“F&I”), and parts, service contract revenue from consumer sales. and accessories/merchandise (“PSA”).We believe average gross margin per vehicle is a key measure of our growthsell both new and long-term profitability.
COMPONENTS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue
Revenue is derived from two primary sources: (1) the Company’s online marketplace, which is the largest source of revenue and includes: (i) the sale of pre-owned vehicles through consumerretail and dealerwholesale channels. F&I and PSA revenue is almost exclusively earned through retail channels. Automotive sales channels; (ii) vehicle financing; (iii) vehicle service contracts;are almost exclusively via wholesale channels, and (iv) retail merchandise sales; and (2) subscription and other fees relatingtherefore, contribute to the RumbleOn software solution, which includes: (i) a vehicle appraisal process; (ii) inventory management system; (iii) customer relationship and lead management program; (iv) equity mining (v) implementation: and (vi) training.
The Company recognizes revenue when allvery small portion of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (ii) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (iii) the amount to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (iv) the collection of the Company’s payment is probable.
See Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1 “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Revenue Recognition” for a further description of the Company’s revenue recognition.
Pre-owned Vehicle Sales
We sell pre-owned vehicles through consumer and dealer sales channels.F&I revenue. These multiple sales channels provide us the opportunity to maximize profitability through increased sales volume and lower average days to sale by selling tothrough the channel where the opportunity is the greatest at any given time based on customer demand, market conditions or inventory availability. The number of pre-owned vehicles sold to any given channel may vary from period to period based on customer demand, market conditions and available inventory.
20
Pre-owned vehicle sales representthese factors. Subject to the aggregate sales of pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers through our website or at auctions. We generate gross profit on pre-owned vehicle sales from the difference between the vehicle selling price and our cost of sales associated with acquiring the vehicle and preparing it for sale. Weresulting Demand/Supply Imbalances, as discussed elsewhere in this MD&A, we expect pre-owned vehicle sales to increase as we begin to utilize a combination of brand building as well asand direct response channels to efficiently source and scale our addressable markets while expanding our suite of product offerings to consumers who may wish to trade-in or to sell us their vehicle independent of a retail sale. Factors primarily affecting pre-owned vehicle sales include the number of retail pre-owned vehicles sold and the average selling price of these vehicles. At this stage of our development, changes in both retail pre-owned vehicles sold and in average selling price will drive changes in revenue.
Gross Profit
The number of pre-owned vehicles we sell dependsGross profit generated on our volume of website traffic, our inventory levels and selection, the effectiveness of our branding and marketing efforts, the quality of our customer sales experience, our volume of referrals and repeat customers, the competitiveness of our pricing, competition and general economic conditions. On a quarterly basis, the number of pre-owned vehicles we sell is also affected by seasonality, with demand for pre-owned vehicles reaching the high point in the first half of each year, commensurate with the timing of tax refunds, and diminishing through the rest of the year, with the lowest relative level of pre-owned vehicle sales expected to occur in the fourth calendar quarter.
Our average retail selling price depends on the mix of pre-owned vehicles we acquire and hold in inventory, retail market prices in our markets, our average days to sale, and our pricing strategy. We may choose to shift our inventory mix to higher or lower cost pre-owned vehicles, or to opportunistically raise or lower our prices relative to market to take advantage of supply or demand imbalances, which could temporarily lead to average selling prices increasing or decreasing. Additionally, we have shifted away from our initial focus on solely acquiring and selling of higher priced pre-owned Harley-Davidson motorcycles to acquiring a mix of both Harley Davidson and lower priced pre-owned powersports vehicles that is a better representation of the overall powersport market. As a result of this change in mix, we expect our average selling price of pre-owned vehicles will decline from current levels, however we anticipated the decrease in average selling price to be offset, in part, by an increase in volume sales of metric brands. We anticipate however that our gross margin percentage will be the same or could improve.
The number of pre-owned vehicles sold to dealers at auctions is determined based on a number of factors including: (i) filling auction sales channel market demand opportunities to maximize sales and gross margin; (ii) a need to balance the Company’s overall inventory mix and quantity levels against days to sales targets; and (iii) a need to liquidate those pre-owned vehicles that do not meet the Company’s quality standards to be sold through Rumbleon.com.
Other Sales and Revenue
We generate other sales and revenue primarily through:
Vehicle Financing.Customers can pay for their pre-owned vehicle using cash or we offer a range of finance options through unrelated third-parties such as banks or credit unions. These third-party providers generally pay us a fee either in a flat amount or in an amount equal to the difference between the interest rates charged to customers over the predetermined interest rates set by the financial institution. We may be charged back for fees in the event a contract is prepaid, defaulted upon, or terminated.
Vehicle Service Contracts. At the time of pre-owned vehicle sale, we provide customers, on behalf of unrelated third parties who are the primary obligors, a range of other related products and services, including EPP products and vehicle appearance protection. EPP products include extended service plans (“ESPs”), which are designed to cover unexpected expenses associated with mechanical breakdowns and guaranteed asset protection (“GAP”), which is intended to cover the unpaid balance on a vehicle loan in the event of a total loss of the vehicle or unrecovered theft. Vehicle appearance protection includes products aimed at maintaining vehicle appearance. We receive commissions from the sale of these product and service contracts and have no contractual liability to customers for claims under these products. The EPPs and vehicle appearance protection currently offered to consumers provides coverage up to 60 months (subject to mileage limitations), while GAP covers the customer for the term of their finance contract. At that time commission revenue will be recognized at the time of sale, net of a reserve for estimated contract cancellations. The reserve for cancellations will be estimated based upon historical industry experience and recent trends and will be reflected as a reduction of Other sales revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and a component of Accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our risk related to contract cancellations is limited to the revenue that we receive.
Retail Merchandise Sales. We sell branded and other merchandise and accessories at events.
21
Subscription and other fees
We generate subscription fees from regional partners under a license arrangement that provides access to our software solution and ongoing support. Regional partners and other dealers pay a monthly subscription fee for access to and ongoing support for portions of the RumbleOn software solution, which includes: (i) vehicle appraisal process; (ii) inventory management system; (iii) customer relationship and lead management program; (iv) equity mining; (v) implementations and (vi) training. Regional partners and dealers may also be charged an initial software installation and training fee. Regional Partners and dealers do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software and may cancel the license for these products and services by providing a 30-day notice. Installation and training do not have value to the user without the license and ongoing support and maintenance.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue is comprised of: (i) cost of pre-owned vehicle sales; (ii) cost of other sales and revenue products; and (iii) costs of subscription and other fees.
Cost of vehicle sales to consumers and dealers includes the cost to acquire pre-owned vehicles and the reconditioning and transportation costs associated with preparing these vehicles for resale. Vehicle acquisition costs are driven by the mix of vehicles we acquire, the source of those vehicles and supply and demand dynamics in the vehicle market. Reconditioning costs are billed by third-party providers and include parts, labor, and other repair expenses directly attributable to specific pre-owned vehicles. Transportation costs consist of costs incurred to transport the vehicles from the point of acquisition. Cost of pre-owned vehicle sales also includes any necessary adjustments to reflect vehicle inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
Cost of other sales and revenue products includes primarily the costs of (i) extended service protection; (ii) vehicle appearance products; and (iii) guaranteed asset protection.
Cost of subscription fee revenue includes the (i) cost of various data feeds from third parties; (ii) costs for hosting of the customer-facing website; (iii) commissions for new sales; and (iv) implementation and training costs for new and existing dealers.
Vehicle Gross Margin
Gross margin is generated on pre-owned vehicle sales fromreflects the difference between the vehicle selling price and ourthe cost of salesrevenue associated with acquiring the vehicle and preparing it for sale. Cost of revenue includes the vehicle acquisition cost, inbound transportation cost, and particularly for pre-owned vehicles, reconditioning costs (collectively, we refer to reconditioning and transportation costs as “Recon and Transport”).The aggregate dollar gross margins achieved fromprofit and gross profit per vehicle vary across vehicle type, make, model, etc. as well as through retail and wholesale channels, and with regard to gross profit per vehicle, are not necessarily correlated with the consumer and dealer salessale price. Vehicles sold through retail channels are different. Pre-owned vehicles sold to consumers through our website generally have the highest dollar gross margin sinceprofit per vehicle given the vehicle is sold directly to the consumer.Pre-owned vehicles soldthrough wholesale channels, including directly to other dealers are sold at a price below the retail price offeredor through auction channels, including via our dealer-to-dealer auction market, generally have lower margins and do not include other ancillary gross profit attributable to consumers, thus the dealerfinancing and RumbleOn are sharing the gross margin. accessory.Factors affecting gross marginprofit from period to period include the mix of pre-ownednew versus used vehicles sold, the distribution channel through which they are sold, the sources from which we acquire and hold inacquired such inventory, retail market prices, our average days to sale, and our pricing strategy. We may opportunistically choose to shift our inventory mix to higher or lower cost vehicles, or to opportunistically raise or lower our prices relative to market to take advantage of supply or demand imbalancesDemand/Supply Imbalances in our sales channels, which could temporarily lead to average selling prices and gross marginsprofits increasing or decreasing in any given channel. Additionally,
Vehicles Sold
We define vehicles sold as the number of vehicles sold through both wholesale and retail channels in each period, net of returns. Vehicles sold is the primary driver of our revenue and, indirectly, gross profit. Vehicles sold also enables complementary revenue streams, such as financing. Vehicles sold increases our base of customers and improves brand awareness and repeat sales. Vehicles sold also provides the opportunity to successfully scale our logistics, fulfillment, and customer service operations.
Total Gross Profit per Unit (Powersports Segment)
Total gross profit per unit is the aggregate gross profit of the powersports segment in a given period, divided by retail powersports units sold in that period. The aggregate gross profit of the powersports segment includes gross profit generated from the sale of new and used vehicles, income related to the origination of loans originated to finance the vehicle, revenue earned from the sale of F&I products including extended service contracts, maintenance programs, guaranteed auto protection, tire and wheel protection, and theft protection products, gross profit on the sale of PSA products, and gross profit generated from wholesale sales of vehicles.
Total Gross Profit per Unit (Automotive Segment)
Total gross profit per unit is the aggregate gross profit of the automotive segment in a given period, divided by total automotive units sold in that period.
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Vehicle Logistics Segment
Revenue
Revenue is derived from freight brokerage agreements with dealers, distributors, or private party individuals to transport vehicles from a point of origin to a designated destination. The freight brokerage agreements are fulfilled by independent third-party transporters who must meet our performance obligations and standards. Wholesale Express is considered the principal in the delivery transactions since it is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service. In the normal course of operations, Wholesale Express also provides transportation services to Wholesale Inc.
Vehicles Delivered
We define vehicles delivered as the number of vehicles delivered from a point of origin to a designated destination under freight brokerage agreements with dealers, distributors, or private parties. Vehicles delivered are the primary driver of revenue and in turn profitability in the vehicle logistics segment.
Total Gross Profit Per Unit
Total gross profit per vehicle transported represents the difference between the price received from non-affiliated customers and our cost to contract an independent third-party transporter divided by the number of third party vehicles transported.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to December 31, 2021
Year Ended December 31,
20222021YoY
Change
Revenue
Powersports$1,033,919 $323,303 $710,616 
Automotive334,273 460,888 (126,615)
Parts, service, accessories247,562 66,969 180,593 
Finance and insurance, net123,576 29,133 94,443 
Vehicle logistics54,038 43,878 10,160 
Total revenue$1,793,368 $924,171 $869,197 
Gross Profit
Powersports$194,151 $58,431 $135,720 
Automotive10,850 30,746 (19,896)
Vehicle logistics11,878 9,600 2,278 
Parts, service, accessories112,204 30,267 81,937 
Finance and insurance123,576 29,133 94,443 
Total Gross Profit$452,659 $158,177 $294,482 
Total SG&A Expenses$366,387 $164,077 $202,310 
Operating Loss$(287,122)$(8,868)$(278,254)
Net Loss$(261,513)$(9,725)$(251,788)
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
$120,096 $31,013 $89,083 
_________________________
(1)Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of operating performance that does not represent and should not be considered an alternative to net loss or cash flow from operations, as determined by GAAP. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure to us and to our investors because it excludes certain financial and capital structure items that we do not believe directly reflect our core business and may not be indicative of our recurring operations, in part because they may vary widely across time and within our industry independent of the performance of our core business. See the section titled “Adjusted EBITDA” below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Loss.

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Revenue
Total revenue increased by $869,197 to $1,793,369 for the year ended December 31, 2022compared to $924,171 in 2021. Revenue from powersports vehicles, F&I, and PSA increased $985,652 in total, with new vehicle sales contributing $471,340, a category which the Company has shifted awaydid not sell before the acquisitions of RideNow and Freedom Powersports. The overall increase in revenue was partially offset by a decrease of $126,615 in automotive revenue, primarily the result of macroeconomic factors in the automotive market and the Company’s decision to focus growth in its more profitable powersports segment.
On a unit basis, the Company sold 46,271 more vehicles in 2022 than in 2021, driven by an increase of 53,883 units sold through retail channels resulting from its initial focusthe Acquisition Effect, partially offset by 7,612 fewer units sold through wholesale channels.
Gross Profit
Gross profit increased in total by $294,482 during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021, driven collectively by the Acquisition Effect of significantly greater vehicle sales, partially offset by a decrease in the gross margin dollars per unit sold. Gross profit attributable to powersports vehicles, F&I, and PSA increased $312,100, primarily driven by the Acquisition Effect, while gross profit attributable to vehicle logistics and transportation increased $2,278. The overall increases were partially offset by a decrease of ($19,896) in gross profit attributable to the automotive segment, driven primarily by softening Demand/Supply Imbalances and lower sales volume in the automotive segment.


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Powersports Metrics (dollars in thousands except per unit)
Year Ended December 31,
20222021YoY
Change
Revenue
New retail vehicles$640,972 $169,632 $471,340 
Used vehicles
Retail371,695 86,072 285,623 
Wholesale21,252 67,599 (46,347)
Total used vehicles392,947 153,671 239,276 
Finance and insurance, net123,576 29,133 94,443 
Parts, service and accessories247,562 66,969 180,593 
Total revenue$1,405,057 $419,405 $985,652 
Gross Profit
New retail vehicles$125,828 $33,278 $92,550 
Used vehicles
Retail67,378 10,609 56,769 
Wholesale945 14,545 (13,600)
Total used vehicles68,323 25,154 43,169 
Finance and insurance, net123,576 29,133 94,443 
Parts, service and accessories112,204 30,267 81,937 
Total gross profit$429,931 $117,832 $312,099 
Vehicle Unit Sales
New retail vehicles41,64910,55531,094
Used vehicles
Retail28,1515,59922,552
Wholesale3,6136,231(2,618)
Total used vehicles31,76411,83019,934
Total vehicles sold73,41322,38551,028
Revenue per vehicle
New retail vehicles$15,390 $16,071 $(681)
Used vehicles
Retail13,204 15,373 (2,169)
Wholesale5,882 10,849 (4,967)
Total used vehicles12,371 12,990 (619)
Finance and insurance, net1,770 1,803 (33)
Parts, service and accessories3,547 4,146 (599)
Total revenue per retail vehicle$19,825 $21,778 $(1,953)
Gross Profit per vehicle
New vehicles$3,021 $3,153 $(132)
Used vehicles$2,151 $2,126 $25 
Finance and insurance, net$1,770 $1,803 $(33)
Parts, service and accessories$1,608 $1,874 $(266)
Total gross profit per vehicle (1)
$6,159 $7,294 $(1,135)
____________________
(1) Calculated as total gross profit divided by new and used retail powersports units sold.
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Revenue
Total powersports vehicle revenue increased by $985,652 to $1,405,057 for the year ended December 31, 2022compared to $419,405 in 2021. The Acquisition Effect specific to new vehicles, F&I and PSA revenue accounted for approximately $471,340, $94,443, and $180,593, respectively, of the increase; the Company did not sell new vehicles prior to the acquisitions of RideNow and Freedom Powersports. The total number of vehicles sold increased by 51,028 to 73,413 for the year ended December 31, 2022, driven primarily from the Acquisition Effect; new vehicle sales accounted for 31,094 of the increase, used units sold through retail channels increased by 22,552, offset by 2,618 fewer used units sold through wholesale channels. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company earned, on solely acquiringaverage, $13,943 more in total revenue per vehicle from retail customers than wholesale customers. Overall, the average revenue per vehicle decreased by $1,953 from $21,778 to $19,825, much of which is attributable to price levels normalizing during the year ended December 31, 2022 as Demand/Supply Imbalances softened in the overall market.
We believe that average revenue per vehicle is a relatively high number given historical trends for these businesses and sellingwe attribute that to a combination of (i) product mix, with in demand vehicles like UTVs and side-by-sides commanding higher priced pre-owned Harley-Davidson motorcycles to acquiring a mixprices, supplemented by (ii) elevated pricing of both Harley Davidsonnew and lower priced pre-owned powersportsused vehicles given the Demand / Supply Imbalance. We anticipate that is a better representationunit purchasing levels and sales will continue to grow as we increase penetration in existing markets, build out fulfillment centers and acquire new dealers.
Gross Profit
Powersports vehicle gross profit increased by $312,099 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021. This increase in gross profit was primarily due to the Acquisition Effect; $92,550 was specific to new vehicles, $56,769 was due to used retail vehicle sales and F&I, and PSA collectively accounted for $176,380 of the increase. The overall powersport market. Becauseincreases in gross profit were partially offset by a decrease of this change$(13,600) in mix our averagegross profit from used wholesale vehicle sales, as the Company shifted towards selling pricevehicles through its more profitable retail channels where feasible. Gross profit per retail vehicle sold decreased $(1,135) per unit, from $7,294 in 2021 to $6,159 in 2022. Macroeconomic conditions were the primary driver of pre-owned vehicles will decline from current levels; however, we anticipate the decrease in average selling pricegross profit per unit, as the Demand / Supply Imbalance and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic softened throughout the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting in more competitive market pricing.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to be offset,December 31, 2021
Automotive Metrics (dollars in part,thousands except per unit)
Year Ended December 31,
20222021YoY
Change
 Revenue$334,273$460,888$(126,615)
Gross Profit$10,850$30,746$(19,896)
Vehicles sold7,62412,381(4,757)
Revenue per vehicle$43,845$37,225$6,620
Gross Profit per vehicle$1,423$2,483$(1,060)
Revenue
Total automotive vehicle revenue decreased by$(126,615) to $334,273 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $460,888 for 2021 as a result of (4,757) fewer vehicles sold. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company made a strategic decision to purchase and sell fewer automotive units due to less favorable macroeconomic conditions as compared to the same period in 2021. The decreases are primarily the result of softening macroeconomic conditions and softening of the Demand/Supply Imbalances during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Gross Profit
Automotive vehicle gross profit decreased by $(19,896) to $10,850 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $30,746 in 2021. The decrease is primarily the result of a 42.7% decrease in gross profit per vehicle sold and a 38.4% decrease in automotive vehicles sold during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to December 31, 2021
Vehicle Logistics Metrics - before intercompany eliminations (dollars in thousands except per unit)
Year Ended December 31,
20222021YoY
Change
Revenue$57,317$48,804$8,513
Gross Profit$12,307$9,600$2,707
Vehicles transported89,68584,5405,145
Revenue per vehicle transported$639$577$62
Gross Profit per vehicle transported$137$114$23
Revenue
Total revenue increased by $8,513 or 17.4% to $57,317 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $48,804 in 2021. The increase in total revenue resulted from the transport of 89,685 vehicles at revenue per vehicle transported of $639 compared to revenue from the transport of 84,540 vehicles at a revenue per vehicle transported of $577 in 2021.
In the normal course of operations, the Company utilizes transportation services of its vehicle logistics and transportation services segment. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, intercompany freight services provided by Wholesale Express were $3,278 and $4,925, respectively and were eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.
Gross Profit
Total gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased $2,707 or 28.2% to $12,307, or $137 per vehicle transported, as compared to $9,600 or $114 per vehicle transported in 2021. The increased gross profit was attributed to an increase in volume salesboth number of metric brands. We anticipate however that ourvehicles transported as well as higher revenue per vehicle transported and gross margin percentage will be the same or could improve.profit per vehicle transported.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to December 31, 2021
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expenses include costs and expenses for compensation and benefits, advertising and marketing, development and operating our product procurement and distribution system, managing our logistics system, establishing our dealer partner arrangements, and other corporate overhead expenses, including expenses associated with technology development, legal, accounting, finance, and business development. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include the transportation cost associated with selling vehicles but excludes the cost of reconditioning, inspecting, and auction fees which are included in Cost of revenue. Selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase substantially in future periods as we execute and aggressively expand our business through increased marketing spending and the addition of management and support personnel to ensure we adequately develop and maintain operational, financial and management controls as well as our reporting systems and procedures.procedures, but we anticipate they will decline as a percentage of sales revenue.
December 31,YOY
20222021Change
Compensation and related costs$213,300 $63,473 $149,827 
Stock based compensation9,372 29,219 (19,847)
Advertising and marketing31,327 14,425 16,902 
Technology development and software3,352 1,992 1,360 
Facilities43,413 9,568 33,845 
General and administrative65,623 45,400 20,223 
Total SG&A Expenses$366,387 $164,077 $202,310 
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $202,310 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021. In each case other than technology development and software, the increases were the result of the Acquisition Effect,
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with over 2,000 additional employees, marketing initiatives at the store level, general and administrative costs associated with a larger team, and lease/facility expense related to 55+ new locations from the RideNow Transaction and Freedom Transaction. In the case of technology and development, the Company continued to drive forward strategic technology projects focused on inventory management, infrastructure, and integration efforts.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization is comprised of the: (i) amortization of capitalized and acquired technology development; and (ii) depreciation of vehicle, furniture and equipment. Depreciation and amortization will continueincreased by $16,976 to increase as continued investments are made in connection with the expansion and growth of the business.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest incurred on notes payable and other long-term debt, which was used to fund, startup costs and expenses, technology development, inventory, our transportation fleet, property and equipment and the acquisition of NextGen.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States (“GAAP”) requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has defined a company’s critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of the company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, we have identified the critical accounting policies and judgments addressed below. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results. For additional information, see Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Note 1 “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.” Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments, or conditions.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is derived from two primary sources: (1) the Company’s online marketplace, which is the largest source of revenue and includes: (i) the sale of pre-owned vehicles through consumer and dealer sales channels; (ii) vehicle financing; (iii) vehicle service contracts; (iv) retail merchandise sales; and (2) subscription and other fees relating to the RumbleOn software solution, which includes: (i) a vehicle appraisal process; (ii) inventory management system; (iii) customer relationship and lead management program; (iv) equity mining; (v) implementation: and (vi) training.
The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (ii) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (iii) the amount to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (iv) the collection of the Company’s payment is probable.
The Company sells pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers primarily through our website or regional partners, which include auctions. Revenue from pre-owned vehicle sales is recognized when the vehicle is delivered, a sales contract is signed, and the purchase price has either been received or collectability has been established, net of a reserve for returns. Our return policy allows customers to return their purchases within three days from delivery. Our reserve for sales returns is estimated using historical experience and trends. The establishment of reserves for sales returns is dependent on a number of variables. In future periods additional provisions may be necessary due to a variety of factors, including changing customer return patterns due to the maturation of the online vehicle buying market, macro- and micro- economic factors that could influence customer return behavior and future pricing environments. If these factors result in adjustments to sales returns, they could significantly impact our future operating results.
Revenue for sales fees is recognized upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer, when the sales contract is signed, and the purchase price has either been received or collectability has been established.
Vehicle finance fee revenue is recognized upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer, when the sales contract is signed, and the financing has been arranged. The Company may be charged back for a fee in the event a contract is prepaid, defaulted upon, or terminated. Our risk related to contract cancellations is limited to the commissions that we receive. Cancellations will fluctuate depending on the customer financing default or prepayment rates and shifts in customer behavior. To the extent that actual experience differs from historical trends, there could be adjustments to our finance contract cancellation reserves.
Commission revenue on vehicle service contracts is recognized at the time of sale, net of a reserve for estimated contract cancellations. The reserve for cancellations is estimated based on historical experience and recent trends. Our risk related to contract cancellations is limited to the commissions that we receive. Cancellations will fluctuate depending on the customer financing default or prepayment rates, and shifts in customer behavior, including those related to changes in the coverage or term of the product. To the extent that actual experience differs from historical trends, there could be adjustments to our contract cancellation reserves.
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Subscription fees for access to the RumbleOn software solution are paid monthly and revenue recognition commences when the installation of the software is complete, acceptance has occurred, and collectability of a determinable amount is probable. Other fees are comprised of software installation and training. Revenue is recognized when installation and training is complete, acceptance has occurred, and collectability of a determinable amount is probable.
Vehicle Inventory
Pre-owned vehicle inventory is accounted for pursuant to ASC 330, Inventory and consists of pre-owned vehicles primarily acquired from consumers and includes the cost to acquire and recondition a pre-owned vehicle. Reconditioning costs are billed by third-party providers and includes parts, labor, and other repair expenses directly attributable to a specific vehicle. Transportation costs are expensed as incurred. Pre-owned inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Vehicle inventory cost is determined by specific identification. Net realizable value is based on the estimated selling price less costs to complete, dispose and transport the vehicles. Selling prices are derived from historical data and trends, such as sales price and inventory turn data of similar vehicles, as well as independent market resources. Each reporting period, the Company recognizes any necessary adjustments to reflect pre-owned vehicle inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is recognized in Cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Purchase Accounting for Business Combinations
On February 8, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of NextGen, which was accounted under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. Under the purchase method of accounting, the cost, including transaction costs, of approximately $4,750,000 to acquire NextGen was preliminarily allocated to the underlying net assets, based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. at the time the acquisition was consummated, the Company valued the purchase price to acquire NextGen based upon the fair value of the consideration paid which included 1,523,809 shares of Class B Common Stock issued at a negotiated fair value.
The judgments made in determining the estimated fair value and expected useful lives assigned to each class of assets and liabilities acquired can significantly impact net income (loss). For example, different classes of assets will have useful lives that differ. Consequently, to the extent a longer-lived asset is ascribed greater value under the purchase method than a shorter-lived asset there may be less amortization recorded in a given period.
Determining the fair value of certain assets and liabilities acquired requires significant judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. As provided by the accounting rules, the Company used the one-year period following the consummation of the acquisition to finalize the estimates of the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired. One of the areas that requires more judgment in determining fair values and useful lives is intangible assets. To assist in this process, the Company obtained an appraisal from an independent valuation firm for certain intangible assets. While there are a number of different methods used in estimating the value of the intangibles acquired, there are two approaches primarily used: discounted cash flow and market multiple approaches. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the two approaches include: projected future cash flows (including timing); discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in the future cash flows; perpetual growth rate; determination of appropriate market comparables; and the determination of whether a premium or a discount should be applied to comparables. Most of these assumptions were based on available historical information. As a result of this valuation during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company finalized the preliminary purchase price allocation recorded at the acquisition date and made a measurement period adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation which included: (i) an increase to technology development of $1,500,000; (ii) a decrease in goodwill of $1,390,000; (iii) a decrease to customer contracts of $10,000; and (iv) a decrease to non-compete agreements of $100,000. The measurement period adjustment also resulted in a $166,250 net increase in accumulated amortization and amortization expense previously recorded for the nine-months ended September 30, 2017. This measurement period adjustment has been recorded in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Consolidated Financial Statements as if the measurement period adjustment had been made on February 8, 2017, the date of the acquisition. The company made these measurement period adjustments to reflect facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and did not result from intervening events subsequent to such date. See Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Note 2 “Acquisitions” for additional discussion.
Goodwill
The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component). A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available, and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. The Company has concluded that currently it has one reporting unit.
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We performed our test for impairment at the end of the fourth quarter of 2017 using a two-step quantitative process. Under the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and step two of the impairment test (measurement) must be performed. Step two of the impairment test, if necessary, requires the estimation of the fair value for the assets and liabilities of a reporting unit in order to calculate the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined by management and includes the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Management utilized the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow technique as a means for estimating fair value. This discounted cash flow analysis requires various assumptions including those about future cash flows, transactional and customer growth rates and discount rates. Expected cash flows will be based on historical customer growth and the growth in transactions, including attrition, future strategic initiatives and continued long-term growth of the business. The discount rates used for the analysis will reflect a weighted average cost of capital based on industry and capital structure adjusted for equity risk and size risk premiums. These estimates can be affected by factors such as customer and transaction growth, pricing, and economic conditions that can be difficult to predict. There was no impairment of goodwill as of December 31, 2017.
Common Stock Warrants
The Company accounts for common stock warrants in accordance with applicable accounting guidance provided in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement. Any warrants that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) provide the Company with a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) provided that such warrants are indexed to the Company’s own stock is classified as equity. The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any warrants that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the Company’s control), (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) or (iii) that contain reset provisions that do not qualify for the scope exception. The Company assesses classification of its common stock warrants at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities is required. The Company’s freestanding derivatives consisting of 218,250 warrants to purchase common stock that were issued to underwriters in connection with the October 23, 2017 public offering of Class B common stock satisfied the criteria for classification as equity instruments as these warrants do not contain cash settlement features or variable settlement provision that cause them to not be indexed to the Company’s own common stock. We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to value the derivative warrant as an equity instrument. The Black-Scholes pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions for: (i) risk-free interest rate; (ii) volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock; and (iii) expected dividend yield. As a result, if factors change and different assumptions are used, the warrant equity value and the change in estimated fair value could be materially different. Generally, as the market price of our common stock increases, the fair value of the warrant increases, and conversely, as the market price of our common stock decreases, the fair value of the warrant decreases. Also, a significant increase in the volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock, in isolation, would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement; and a significant decrease in volatility would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
Stock Based Compensation
The Company is required to make estimates and assumptions related to our valuation and recording of stock-based compensation expense under current accounting standards. These standards require all share-based compensation to employees to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their respective grant date fair values over the requisite service periods and also requires an estimation of forfeitures when calculating compensation expense.
On June 30, 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved a Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) under which restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other equity awards may be granted to employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Twelve percent (12%) of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock from time to time are reserved for issuance under the Plan. The Company estimates the fair value of awards granted under the Plan on the date of grant. The fair value of an RSU is based on the average of the high and low market prices of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the date of grant and is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over its vesting period. Stock incentive plans requires judgment, including estimating the expected term the award will be outstanding, volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock and the amount of the awards that are expected to be forfeited. We have estimated forfeitures based on historic employee behavior under similar stock-based compensation plans. The fair value of stock-based compensation is affected by the assumptions selected. A significant increase in the market price of the Company’s common stock, in isolation, would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement on future issuances; and a significant decrease in would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement on future issuances. See Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Note 1 “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies—Stock-Based Compensation.”
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Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Update 2015-11 Inventory (Topic 330), Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory,which requires inventory to be stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Vehicle inventory cost is determined by specific identification. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price less costs to complete, dispose and transport the vehicles. Selling prices are derived from historical data and trends, such as sales price and inventory turn times of similar vehicles, as well as independent, market resources. Each reporting period the Company recognizes any necessary adjustments to reflect vehicle inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value through cost of revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance, ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350):Simplifying the test for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance simplifies subsequent goodwill measurement by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under this update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The standard must be applied prospectively. Upon adoption, the standard will impact how the Company assesses goodwill for impairment.  The Company will adopt this guidance for periods after January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table provides our results of operations for each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, including key financial information relating to our business and operations. This financial information should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-owned vehicle sales
 $7,020,070 
 $- 
Other sales and revenue
  159,230 
  - 
Subscription fees
  126,602 
  - 
Total revenue
  7,305,902 
  - 
 
    
    
Cost of revenue
  7,027,793 
  - 
Selling general and administrative
  7,586,999 
  211,493 
Depreciation and amortization
  668,467 
  1,900 
Total expenses
  15,283,259 
  213,393 
 
    
    
Operating loss
  (7,977,357)
  (213,393)
 
    
    
Interest expense
  595,966 
  11,698 
 
    
    
Net loss before provision for income taxes
  (8,573,323)
  (225,091)
 
    
    
Benefit for income taxes
  - 
  513 
 
    
    
Net Loss
 $(8,573,323)
 $(224,578)
Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2016
Revenue
Total revenue increased $7,305,902$23,079 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as2022 compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in revenue was driven by the initial launch of our e-commerce platform, including the launch of the RumbleOn website, expanded inventory selection, enhanced social media advertising, aggressive event marketing efforts, increased brand awareness and customer referrals. We anticipate that pre-owned vehicle sales will continue to grow as we increase our available online pre-owned vehicle inventory while continuing to efficiently source and scale our addressable markets of consumers and dealers through brand building and direct response marketing.
Sales of pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers through our online marketplace increased $7,020,070$6,103 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was driven by the sale of 678 pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealer during the year ended December 31, 2017. The average selling price of the pre-owned vehicles sold for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $10,363. The average selling price of pre-owned vehicles sold will fluctuate from period to period as a result of changes in the sales mix to consumers and dealers in any given period. The Company continues to transition from its initial focus on solely acquiring and selling higher priced Harley-Davidson motorcycles to acquiring a mix of both Harley Davidson and lower priced powersports vehicles that is a better representation of the overall powersport market. Because of this change in mix our average selling price will decline from current levels; however, we anticipate the decrease in average selling price to be offset, in part, by an increase in volume sales of metric brands. We anticipate however that our gross margin percentage will be the same or could improve from current levels. There were no sales of pre-owned vehicles to consumers or dealers for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Other sales and revenue increased $159,230 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily driven by the increase in pre-owned vehicles sold to consumers which led to an increase in loans originated and sold, vehicle service contracts and retail merchandise sales. There were no loans originated and sold, vehicle service contracts or retail merchandise sales for the year ended December 31, 2016.
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Subscription and other fees
Subscription and other fee revenue increased $126,602 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was comprised of subscription and onboarding fees generated by dealers utilizing our software. There were no Subscription or other fee revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Expenses
Cost of Revenue
Total cost of revenue increased $7,027,793 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was driven by the: (i) sale of pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers; (ii) sale of related products from the pre-owned vehicle sales to consumer; and (iii) costs and expenses associated with the subscription and onboarding fee revenue generated from dealers during the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no sales of pre-owned vehicles, subscription or other fee revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Cost of pre-owned vehicle sales increased $6,840,841 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was driven by the sale of 678 pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers during the year ended December 31, 2017. The average cost of the pre-owned vehicles sold for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $9,730 excluding auction fees, transportation and reconditioning cost. There were no sales of pre-owned vehicles to consumers or dealers for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Cost of other sales and revenue increased $79,029 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily driven by the increase in pre-owned vehicle sold to consumers which led to an increase in loans originated and sold, vehicle service contracts and retail merchandise sales. There were no loans originated and sold, vehicle service contracts or retail merchandise sales for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Cost of subscription and other fee revenue increased $107,923 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016.  Costs and expenses related to subscription and other fee revenue included: (i) various data feeds from third parties; (ii) hosting of the customer facing website; (iii) commissions for new sales; and (iv) implementation and training of new and existing dealers. There were no cost and expenses related to subscription or other fee revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Selling, general and administrative
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Selling general and administrative:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and related costs
 $3,111,363 
 $- 
Advertising and marketing
  1,731,028 
  - 
Professional fees
  890,580 
  153,668 
Technology development
  452,957 
  - 
General and administrative
  1,401,071 
  57,825 
 
 $7,586,999 
 $211,493 
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $7,375,506 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase is a result of the initial launch of our e-commerce platform, including the launch of our website and mobile application which resulted in: (i) an increase in expenses associated with advertising and marketing; (ii) increase headcount associated with the development and operating our product procurement and distribution system, managing our logistics system; (iii) continued investment in technology development; (iv) transportation cost associated with selling vehicles; and (v) other corporate overhead costs and expenses, included legal, accounting, finance and business development.
Compensation and related costs increased $3,111,363 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was driven by the growth in headcount at our Dallas, Texas operations center and Charlotte, North Carolina corporate office and included payroll related cost and expenses, benefits and stock-based compensation related to new hires in our marketing, product and inventory management, accounting, finance, information technology, and administration departments. As our business continues to grow these expenses will increase as we add headcount in all areas of the business.
Advertising and marketing increased $1,731,028 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period of 2016. The increase was from the costs associated with the launch of our website and mobile application, aggressive event marketing and development of a multi-channel approach to consumers and dealers. We began to utilize a combination of brand building and direct response channels to efficiently source and scale our addressable markets. Our paid advertising efforts included advertisements through search engine marketing, social media, inventory site listing, retargeting, organic referral, display, direct mail and branded pay-per-click channels. We believe our strong consumer and dealer focus ensures loyalty which will drive both high participation in the buy and selling process while increasing referrals. In addition to our paid channels, in future periods we intend to attract new customers through increased media spending and public relations efforts and further invest in our proprietary technology platform.
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Professional fees increased $736,912 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily a result of legal, accounting and other professional fees and expenses incurred in connection with the: (i) NextGen Acquisition; (ii) 2017 Private Placement; (iii) second tranche of 2016 Private Placement; (iv) Senior Secured Promissory Notes (defined below); (v) the 2017 Public Offering; (vi) Nasdaq listing; and (vii) various corporate matters resulting from the growth and expansion of the RumbleOn business plan. See Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Note 2 “Acquisitions,” Note 5—”Notes Payable”, and Note 6—”Stockholders’ Equity” for additional discussion.
Technology development costs consist principally of (i) development activities including payroll and related expenses billed by a third-party contractor involved in application, content, production, maintenance, operation, and platform development for new and existing products and services, (ii) technology infrastructure expenses, and (iii) costs of Company employees devoted to the development and maintenance of software products. Technology development expenses increased $452,957 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. Total technology costs and expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $959,743 of which $506,786 was capitalized.  For the year ended December 31, 2017, a third-party contractor billed $914,099 of the total technology development costs. The amortization of capitalized technology development costs for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $588,519, which included $125,000 of amortization resulting from the increase in capitalized technology development costs associated with a measurement period adjustment for the NextGen Acquisition that was recorded in the 4th quarter as if the measurement period adjustment had been made on February 8, 2017, the date of the acquisition. There were no technology development costs incurred and no amortization of capitalized development costs for the period end December 31, 2016. We expect our technology development expenses to increase as we continue to upgrade and enhance our technology infrastructure, invest in our products, expand the functionality of our platform and provide new product offerings. We also expect technology development expenses to continue to be affected by variations in the amount of capitalized internally developed technology.
General and administrative expenses increased $1,343,246 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase is a result of the cost and expenses associated with the continued progress made in the development of our business, the establishment of our Dallas operations center and meeting the requirements of being a public company. General and administrative costs and expenses included: (i) insurance; (ii) advisor and various filing fees for financing transactions; (iii) office supplies and process application software; (iv) public and investor relations; (v) transportation cost associated with selling vehicles; and (vi) travel.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $666,567 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 and was comprised of the: (i) amortization of capitalized technology development and (ii) depreciation of vehicle, furniture and equipment.2021. The increase in depreciation and amortization is a result of the cumulative investments made in connection with the expansion and growthdevelopment of the business which for the year ended December 31, 2017 included: (i)included capitalized technology acquisition and development costs of $506,786;$7,003 and (ii) the purchase of vehicles, furniture$10,355 in additions to property and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $1,266 of $622,513.capitalized technology acquisition and development costs and $2,707 in additions to property and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2017,2022, amortization of capitalized technology development was $588,519 which included $166,250$4,711 as compared to $1,710 for the same period of additional amortization resulting from2021. Amortization of non-compete agreements was $10,601 during the year ended December 31, 2017 measurement2022 as compared to $2,479 for the same period adjustment.of 2021. Depreciation and amortization on vehicle, furniture, equipment and equipmentleasehold improvements was $78,048. Depreciation and amortization on furniture and equipment$7,766 as compared to $210 for the same periods in 2016 was $1,900. There was no amortizationperiod of capitalized technology development costs2021.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $37,463 to $53,868 for the year ended December 31, 2016. See Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 2—”Acquisitions” for additional discussion.
Interest Expense
2022 compared to $16,405 in 2021. Interest expense increased $584,268 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in interest expense resulted from: (i)consists of interest on a higher level of debt outstanding;the: (i) term loan credit agreement (the “Oaktree Credit Facility”); (ii) various floorplan facilities, including the conversion of the BHLP Note;used powersports inventory financing credit facility with J.P. Morgan; (iii) the amortization of the beneficial conversion feature on the Private Placement Notes;private placement notes; and (iv) the amortization of the original issue discount on the Senior Secured Promissory Notes.convertible senior notes. The conversion of the BHLP Note resulted in a $196,076 charge to interest expense for the remaining balance of the beneficial conversion feature, net of deferred taxes and is includedincrease in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2017. Interest expense2022 as compared to the same period of 2021 is primarily related to the acquisition of Freedom Powersports, as we borrowed $84,500 in new debt from the Oaktree Credit Facility to finance the Freedom Transaction. In addition, the Company assumed floorplan facilities as part of the Freedom Transaction, which were used throughout the year ended December 31, 2022 to finance the purchase of inventory. Overall higher interest rates on the Private PlacementCompany’s borrowings throughout the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period of 2021 also contributed to higher interest expense. See Note 10-Notes Payable and Lines of Credit for additional discussion.
Seasonality
Historically, both the powersports and automotive industries have been seasonal with traffic and sales strongest in the spring and summer quarters. Sales and traffic are typically slowest in the winter quarter but increase typically in the spring season, coinciding with tax refunds and improved weather conditions. Given this seasonality, we expect our quarterly results of operations, including our revenue, gross profit, profit/loss, and cash flow to vary accordingly. Over time, we expect to normalize to seasonal trends in both segments, using data and logistics to move inventory to the right place, at the right time, at the right price.
Derivative Liability
In connection with our various financings, we undertake an analysis of each financial instrument to determine the appropriate accounting treatment, including which, if any require bifurcation into liability and equity components; we have determined that the following financings have such components:
Convertible Senior Notes
In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, a derivative liability was recorded at issuance with an interest make whole provision of $21 based on a lattice model using a stock price of $14.60, and estimated volatility of 55.0% and risk-free rates over the entire 10-year yield curve.
The change in value of the derivative liability for the year ended December 31, 20172022 and 2021 was $158,740approximately $39 and $(8,799), respectively, and is included in change in derivative liability in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The value of the derivative liability as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $26 and $66, respectively.
Oaktree Warrant
In connection with providing the debt financing for the RideNow Transaction, and pursuant to the commitment letter executed on March 15, 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase $40,000 of shares of Class B common stock to Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. and its lender affiliates (the “Warrant”). The initial warrant liability and deferred financing charge recognized was $10,950. The warrant liability was subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date and any change in fair value was recognized as a component of change in derivative liability in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair
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value of the Warrant was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation based on a combination of level 1 and level 2 inputs. Upon closing of the RideNow Transaction, the warrants were considered equity linked contracts indexed to the Company’s stock and therefore met the equity classification guidance. As a result, the $19,700 was reclassified to additional paid-in-capital. The $10,950 deferred financing charge was reclassified as part of the debt discount related to the Oaktree Credit Agreement. The recognition of the warrant liability and deferred financing charge and the reclassification of the warrant liability to additional paid-in capital and the reclassification of the deferred financing charge to debt discount are non-cash items.
Stock-Based Compensation
In connection with the closing of the RideNow Transaction and the execution of the certain Executive Employment Agreements, the Company accelerated the vesting of and waived certain market-based share price hurdles for all then outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for all participants, which included $126,076resulted in excess of debt discount. Interest expense on the NextGen Notes$23,943 of incremental stock-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $76,457. Interest2021.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income (loss) or net income (loss) as a measure of operating performance or cash flows or as a measure of liquidity. Non-GAAP financial measures are not necessarily calculated the same way by different companies and should not be considered a substitute for or superior to U.S. GAAP.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) adjusted to add back interest expense, depreciation and amortization, changes in derivative liabilities and certain recoveries, income tax benefits, and other non-recurring costs, as these charges and expenses are not considered a part of our core business operations and are not necessarily an indicator of ongoing, future company performance.
Adjusted EBITDA is one of the primary metrics used by management to evaluate the financial performance of our business. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it is frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. Further, we believe it is helpful in highlighting trends in our operating results, because it excludes, among other things, certain results of decisions that are outside the control of management, while other measures can differ significantly depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure and capital investments.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, adjustments to calculating Adjusted EBITDA are primarily comprised of:
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations,
Transaction costs associated with the RideNow Transaction and Freedom Transaction, which primarily include professional fees and third-party costs,
Purchase accounting adjustments, which represent one-time expenses related to the Freedom Transaction and RideNow Transaction,
Forgiveness of the PPP loan,
Lease expense associated with favorable related party leases in excess of contractual lease payments,
Charges for the settlement of disputes and claims with former minority shareholders of RideNow,
Expenses attributable to a discontinued project in Fort Worth, Texas,
Charges for impairment of goodwill and franchise rights,
Gain on the Senior Secured Promissory Notes forsale of a dealership,
Costs attributable to unused lease costs, and
Other non-recurring costs, which includes items not indicative of our ongoing operating performance. For the year ended December 31, 20172022, the balance was $161,075 which included $150,000primarily comprised of original issue discount amortization. Interest expense forintegration costs and professional fees associated with the Freedom Transaction and the RideNow Transaction, technology implementation, legal matters, establishment
37



of the ROF secured loan facility, and a death benefit to the estate of the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer and director. For the year ended December 31, 20162021, the balance was $11,698primarily related to litigation expenses and was attributeda death benefit to the Convertible Note Payable-Related party. See Item 8estate of Part II,the Company’s former Chief Financial StatementsOfficer and Supplementary Data—Note 5—”Notes Payable”director.
The following tables reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to net loss for additional discussion.the periods presented:
December 31,
20222021
Net loss$(261,513)$(9,725)
Add back:
Interest expense53,869 16,405 
Depreciation and amortization23,079 6,103 
Income tax benefit(72,598)(21,665)
EBITDA$(257,163)$(8,882)
Adjustments:
Change in derivative and warrant liabilities(39)8,799 
Costs attributable to store openings and closures233 $— 
Expenses for discontinued project in Fort Worth, Texas2,141 $— 
Gain on sale of dealership(3,898)— 
Impairment of goodwill and franchise rights350,315 — 
Insurance proceeds— (3,135)
Lease expense associated with favorable related party leases in excess of contractual lease payments1,340 — 
Settlement costs8,381 — 
Other non-recurring costs9,792 2,025 
PPP Loan forgiveness(2,509)(2,682)
Purchase accounting related177 1,388 
Stock based compensation9,372 29,219 
Transaction costs1,954 4,281 
Adjusted EBITDA$120,096 $31,013 




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29

Table of Contents



Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are available cash, amounts available under our floor plan lines of credit, and monetization of our retail loan portfolio. On October 26, 2022, the Company entered into a $75,000 used powersports inventory financing credit facility with J.P. Morgan.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we drew $84,500 from the Oaktree Credit Facility, which was used to finance a portion of the cash consideration for the Freedom Transaction. On December 31, 2022, the Company paid down $15,000 towards the Oaktree Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2022, the Oaktree Credit Facility provides for up to $35,500 in additional financing that may be used for acquisitions and up to an additional $100,000 in incremental financing that may be used for acquisitions and working capital purposes.
Our financial statements reflect estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the carrying values of the Company’s assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The judgments, assumptions and estimates used by management are based on historical experience, management’s experience, and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions made by management, actual results could differ materially from these judgments and estimates, which could have a material impact on the carrying values of the Company’s assets and liabilities and the results of operations.
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes the continuity of operations, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities as they come due in the normal course of business. Management believes that current working capital, results of operations, and existing financing arrangements are sufficient to fund operations for at least one year from the financial statement date.
We had the following liquidity resources available as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: 
December 31,
20222021
Cash$48,579 $48,974 
Restricted cash (1)
10,0003,000 
Total cash and restricted cash58,579 51,974 
Availability under short-term revolving facilities137,518 124,116 
Committed liquidity resources available$196,097 $176,090 
(1) Amounts included in restricted cash are primarily comprised of the deposits required under the Company’s various floorplan lines of credit and RumbleOn Finance line of credit.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, excluding operating lease liabilities and the derivative liability, the outstanding principal amount of indebtedness was $599,815 and $384,585, respectively, summarized in the table below. See Note 10-Notes Payable and Lines of Credit, Note 11-Convertible Notes, and Note 12-Stockholders Equity to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this 2022 Form 10-K for further information on our debt.
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December 31,
20222021
Asset-Based Financing:
Inventory$225,431 $97,278 
Total asset-based financing225,431 97,278 
Term loan facility346,066 279,300 
RumbleOn Finance secured loan facility25,000 — 
Unsecured senior convertible notes38,750 39,006 
PPP and other loans— 4,472 
Total debt635,247 420,056 
Less: unamortized discount and debt issuance costs(35,432)(35,471)
Total debt, net$599,815 $384,585 
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows.
December 31,
20222021
Net cash used in operating activities$(18,887)$(32,177)
Net cash used in investing activities(82,204)(378,831)
Net cash provided by financing activities107,696 459,466 
Net increase in cash$6,605 $48,458 
Operating Activities
Our primary sources of operating cash flows forresult from the sales of new and pre-owned vehicles and ancillary products. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are purchases of inventory, parts and merchandise, cash used to acquire customers, technology development, and personnel-related expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
 $(9,623,493)
 $(19,976)
Net cash used in investing activities
  (1,879,298)
  (45,515)
Net cash provided by financing activities
  19,322,863 
  1,412,358 
Net increase in cash
 $7,820,072 
 $1,346,867 
Operating Activities
Net2022, net cash used in operating activities increased $9,603,517of $(18,887) decreased by $13,290 compared to $9,623,493net cash used in operating activities of $(32,177) in 2021, primarily driven by higher operating income. Excluding charges for the forimpairment of goodwill and franchise rights of $350,315 recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to same period in 2016. The increase in2022, net cash used is primarily due to a $8,348,745 increase in our net loss offset by an increase in the net change operating assets and liabilities of $2,894,953 and a $1,640,181 increase in non-cash expense items. The increase in the net loss for the for the year ended December 31, 2017 was a result of the continued expansion and progress made on our business plan, including a significant increase in marketing and advertising spend in connection the launch of the Company’s website, www.rumbleon.com, acquisition of vehicle inventory, continue development of the Company’s business and for working capital purposes.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activitiesincome before taxes increased $1,833,783 to $1,879,298 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared with 2016. The increase in cash used for investment activities was primarily for the purchase of NextGen, $506,786 in costs incurred for technology development and the purchase of $622,514 of vehicles, furniture and equipment.
On February 8, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of NextGen in exchange for $750,000 in cash, plus 1,523,809 unregistered shares of Class B Common Stock of the Company and a subordinated secured promissory note issued by the Company in favor of NextGen in the amount of $1,333,334 (the “NextGen Note”). The NextGen Note matures on the third anniversary of the closing date (the “Maturity Date”). Interest accrues and will be paid semi-annually (i) at a rate of 6.5% annually from the closing date through the second anniversary of such date and (ii) at a rate of 8.5% annually from the second anniversary of the closing date through the Maturity Date. In connection with the closing of the NextGen Acquisition, certain investors of the Company accelerated the funding of the second tranche of their investment totaling $1,350,000. The investors were issued 1,161,920 shares of Class B Common Stock and promissory notes in the amount of $667,000. See Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” “Financing Activities” and Item 8 of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 5—”Notes Payable” for additional discussions.
Financing Activities
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Net cash provided by financing activities increased $17,910,505 to $19,322,863 for the year ended December 31, 2017$47,594 as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase is primarily a result of the: (i) 2017 Private Placement of Class B Common Stock at a price of $4.00 per share with proceeds of $2,630,000; (ii) second tranche2021.
The majority of the 2016 Private Placementchanges in finance receivables are accompanied by changes in line of Class B Common Stock with proceeds of $683,040credit and $667,000 in promissory notes; (iii) Senior Secured Promissory Notes proceeds of $1,500,000 (iv) the 2017 Public Offering of 2,910,000 Class B Common Stock at a price of $5.50 with proceeds of approximately $14.5 million, and (v) Line of credit-floor plan advances of $1,081,593. The proceedsnotes payable, which are issued to fund powersports vehicle loans originated by RumbleOn Finance. Proceeds from the 2017 Private Placement, the second trancheRumbleOn Finance line of the 2016 Private Placement, the Senior Secured Promissory Notes, 2017 Public Offering and Line of credit-floor plancredit were used to complete the launch of the Company’s website,www.rumbleon.com, acquire vehicle inventory, technology development, continue development of the Company’s business and for working capital purposes.
On February 8, 2017, in connection with the NextGen Acquisition, the Company issued the NextGen Note. Interest accrues and will be paid semi-annually (i) at a rate of 6.5% annually from the closing date through the second anniversary of such date and (ii) at a rate of 8.5% annually from the second anniversary of the closing date through the Maturity Date. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the outstanding balance under the NextGen Note shall become immediately due and payable upon election of the holder. The Company’s obligations under the NextGen Note are secured by substantially all the assets of NextGen Pro, pursuant to an Unconditional Guaranty Agreement (the “Guaranty Agreement”), by and among NextGen and NextGen Pro, and a related Security Agreement between the parties, each dated as of February 8, 2017. Under the terms of the Guaranty Agreement, NextGen Pro has agreed to guarantee the performance of all the Company’s obligations under the NextGen Note. Interest expense on the NextGen Notes$25,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $76,457. See Item 82022 and are separately reflected as cash from financing activities. Due to the presentation differences between finance receivables and proceeds from the RumbleOn Finance line of Part II, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 5—”Notes Payable” for additional discussion.
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On March 31, 2017, the Company completed funding of the second tranche of the 2016 Private Placement (as defined below). The investors were issued 1,161,920 shares of Class B Common Stock of the Company and promissory notes (the “Private Placement Notes”) in the amount of $667,000, in consideration of cancellation of loan agreements having an aggregate principal amount committed by the purchasers of $1,350,000. Under the terms of the Private Placement Notes, interest shall accruecredit on the outstandingconsolidated statements of cash flows, fluctuations in these amounts can have a significant impact on our operating and unpaid principal amounts until paidfinancing cash flows without affecting our overall liquidity, working capital or cash flows.
Investing Activities
Our primary use of cash for investing activities is for technology development and acquisitions to expand our operations. Cash used in full. The Private Placement Notes mature on March 31, 2020. Interest accrues at a rate of 6.5% annually from the closing date through the second anniversary of such date and at a rate of 8.5% annually from the second anniversary of the closing date through the maturity date. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the outstanding balance under the Private Placement Notes shall become immediately due and payable upon election of the holders. Based on the relative fair values attributed to the Class B Common Stock and promissory notes issued in the 2016 Private Placement, the Company recorded a debt discount on the promissory notes of $667,000 with the corresponding amounts as addition to paid in capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense until the scheduled maturity of the Private Placement Notes in March 2020 using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate at December 31, 2017 was 26.0%. Interest expense on the Private Placement Notesinvesting activities for the year ended December 31, 20172022 was $158,740, which included debt discount amortization$82,204, a decrease of $126,076$296,627 compared to 2021.  
The decrease in cash used in investing activities results was primarily driven by a decrease of $301,730 in cash used in acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used for acquisitions net of cash received of $69,584 was primarily comprised of: (i) $64,346 in cash used for the acquisition of Freedom Powersports, (ii) $4,733 for the acquisition of two Polaris franchises in Texas, and (iii) $505 for the acquisition of a Honda franchise in Texas. For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used for acquisitions net of cash received of $371,314 was primarily comprised of cash used for the acquisitions of RideNow and RNBeach, LLC (“Beach”).
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The overall decrease for the year ended December 31, 2017.See Item 82022 was partially offset by an increase of Part II, “Financial Statements$5,132 in capitalized technology development costs as compared to 2021.
Financing Activities
Cash flows from financing activities primarily relate to our short and Supplementary Data—Note 5—Notes Payable” for additional discussion.
On March 31, 2017, the Company completed the sale of 620,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001, at a price of $4.00 per share for aggregatelong-term debt activity and proceeds of $2,480,000 in the private placement (the “2017 Private Placement”). Officers and directors of the Company acquired 175,000 shares of Class B Common Stock in the 2017 Private Placement. In May 2017, the Company completed the sale of an additional 37,500 shares of Class B Common Stock in the 2017 Private Placement. Proceeds from the 2017 Private Placement wereequity issuances which have been used to complete the launch of the Company’s website,www.rumbleon.com, acquire vehicle inventory, continue development of the Company’s platform,provide working capital and for working capital purposes.See Item 8general corporate purposes, including paying down our short-term revolving facilities. Cash provided by financing activities was $107,696 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $459,466 for 2021. The $(351,770) decrease in cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period of Part II, “Financial Statements2021 was a result of: (i) a decrease of ($191,241) in proceeds from two stock offerings that occurred in 2021; (ii) a decrease of ($176,951) in net proceeds from senior secured debt; and Supplementary Data—Note 6—Stockholders’ Equity” for additional discussion.
On September 5, 2017 the Company executed Senior Secured Promissory Notes (the “Senior Secured Promissory Notes”)(iii) an increase in favorrepayments of several investors, including certain executive officersdeb and directorsmortgage notes of the Company, in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000 (“Principal Amount”)$(49,235), which includes an aggregate original issue discounta voluntary principal repayment of $150,000. The proceeds$15,000 to the CompanyOaktree Credit Facility. The overall decrease was partially offset by (i) an increase of $32,362 in borrowings from the Senior Secured Promissory Notes, net of original issuance discount, was $1,500,000. The Senior Secured Promissory Notes were secured by an interest in all the Company’s Collateral, as such term was defined in the Senior Secured Promissory Notes. The Senior Secured Promissory Notes maturity was September 15, 2018 and borer interest at a rate equal to 5% per annum through December 31, 2017, and a rate of 10% per annum thereafter. Interest was payable monthly in arrears. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the outstanding balance under the Senior Secured Promissory Notes would become immediately due and payable upon election of the holders. The Principal Amount and any unpaid interest accrued thereon could be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to the Maturity Date without premium or penalty upon five days prior written notice to the Noteholder. If the Company consummated in one or more transactions financing of any nature resulting in net proceeds available to the Company of $5,000,000 or more, then the Noteholders could require the Company to prepay the Senior Secured Promissory Notes on thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Company. The original issue discount was amortized to interest expense through repayment of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes using the effective interest method. On October 23, 2017, the Company completed the 2017 Public Offering and used approximately $1,661,075 of the net proceeds of the offering for the repayment of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000, plus accrued interest of $11,075, which resulted in the termination of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes.
On October 23, 2017, the Company completed the 2017 Public Offering of 2,910,000 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock at a price of $5.50 per share for net proceeds to the Company of approximately $14.5 million. In connection with the 2017 Public Offering, on October 19, 2017, the Class B Common Stock uplisted from the OTCQB and began trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “RMBL”. The Company used $1,661,075 of the net proceeds of the 2017 Public Offering for the repayment of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes. See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 6—Stockholders’ Equity” for a further discussion.
On November 2, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary RMBL Missouri, LLC (the “Borrower”), entered into anon-trade floor plan lines, (ii) an increase of $25,000 in borrowings on the RumbleOn Finance line of credit (the “Credit Line”) with NextGear Capital, Inc. (“NextGear”)to fund loan receivables, and (iii) an increase of $8,297 in the amount of $2,000,000, or such lesser sum which may be advanced to or on behalf of the Borrower from time to time, pursuant to that certain Demand Promissory Note and Loan and Security Agreement. As of November 2, 2017, the effective rate of interest was 6.5%. Advances and interest under the Credit Line are due and payable upon demand, but, in general, in no event later than 150 days from the date of request for the advance (or the date of purchase in the case of a universal funding agreement) or of the receivable, as applicable. The Credit Line is secured by a grant of a security interest in the vehicle inventory and other assets of the Borrower and payment is guaranteed by the Company pursuant to a guaranty in favor of NextGear and its affiliates. On February 20, 2018, the Company notified NextGear that it was terminating the Credit Line, and all security or other credit documents entered into in connection therewith.  At the time of the notification, there was no indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Line.
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Year Ended December 31, 2016
On July 13, 2016, the Company entered into an unsecured convertible note (the “BHLP Note”) with Berrard Holdings, an entity owned and controlled by a current officer and director, Mr. Berrard, pursuant to which the Company was required to repay $191,858 on or before July 13, 2026 plus interest at 6% per annum. The BHLP Note was also convertible into common stock, in whole, at any time before maturity at the option of the holder at the greater of $0.06 per share or 50% of the price per share of the next qualified financing which is defined as $500,000 or greater. Effective August 31, 2016, the principal amount of the BHLP Note was amended to include an additional $5,500 loaned to the Company, on the same terms. On November 28, 2016, the Company completed its qualified financing at $1.50 per share which established the conversion price per share for the BHLP Note of $0.75 per share, resulting in the principal amount of the BHLP Note being convertible into 263,144 shares of Class B Common Stock. As such, November 28, 2016 became the “commitment date” for determining the value of the BHLP Note conversion feature. Because there had been no trading in the Company’s common stock since July 2014, other than the purchase by Berrard Holdings of 99.5% of the outstanding shares in a single transaction, the Company used the Monte Carlo simulation to determine the intrinsic value of the conversion feature of the BHLP Note, which resulted in a value in excess of the principal amount of the BHLP Note. Thus, the Company recorded a note discount of $197,358 with the corresponding amount as an addition to paid in capital. This note discount was amortized to interest expense until the scheduled maturity of the BHLP Note in July 2026 or until it was converted using the effective interest method. On March 31, 2017, the Company issued 275,312 shares of Class B Common Stock upon full conversion of the BHLP Note, having an aggregate principal amount, including accrued interest, of $206,484 and a conversion price of $0.75 per share. In connection with the conversion of the BHLP Note, the remaining debt discount of $196,076 was charged to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the related deferred tax liability was credited to Additional paid in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 5—Notes Payable” for additional discussion.
On November 28, 2016, the Company completed a private placement with certain purchasers, with respect to the sale of an aggregate of 900,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a purchase price of $1.50 per share for total consideration of $1,350,000 (the “2016 Private Placement”). In connection with the 2016 Private Placement, the Company also entered into loan agreements, pursuant to which the purchasers would loan to the Company their pro rata share of up to $1,350,000 in the aggregate upon the request of the Company at any time on or after January 31, 2017 and before November 1, 2020. On March 31, 2017, the Company completed the second tranche of the 2016 Private Placement. See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 5—Notes Payable” for additional discussion.
Investment in Growth
At December 31, 2017, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents totaling $9,170,652. Since inception, our operations have been financed primarily by net proceeds from the sales of shares of our Class B common stock and proceeds from the issuance of indebtedness. We have incurred cumulative losses of $9,019,300 from our operations throughnotes during the year ended December 31, 2017 and expect to incur additional losses in the future. We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. However, our cash requirements for the next twelve months are significant2022 as we have begun to aggressively invest in the growth of our business and we expect this investment to continue. We plan to invest heavily in inventory, marketing, technology and infrastructure to support the growth of the business. These investments are expected to increase our negative cash flow from operations and operating losses at least in the near term, and our limited operating history makes predictions of future operating results difficult to ascertain. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that are early in their development, particularly companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. Such risks for us include an evolving business model, advancement of technology and the management of growth. To address these risks, we must, among other things, continue our development of relevant applications, stay abreast of changes in the marketplace, as well as implement and successfully execute our business and marketing strategy. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in addressing such risks, and the failure to do so can have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Also, on February 16, 2018, the Company, through Borrower, entered into an Inventory Financing and Security Agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with Ally Bank, a Utah chartered state bank (“Ally Bank”) and Ally Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ally” together with Ally Bank, the “Lender”), pursuant to which the Lender may provide up to $25 million in financing, or such lesser sum which may be advanced to or on behalf of the Borrower from time to time, as part of its floorplan vehicle financing program. Advances under the Credit Facility require the Company maintain 10.0% of the advance amount as restricted cash. Advances under the Credit Facility will bear interest at a per annum rate designated from time to time by the Lender and will be determined using a 365/360 simple interest method of calculation, unless expressly prohibited by law. Advances under the Credit Facility, if not demanded earlier, are due and payable for each vehicle financed under the Credit Facility as and when such vehicle is sold, leased, consigned, gifted, exchanged, transferred, or otherwise disposed of. Interest under the Credit Facility is due and payable upon demand, but, in general, in no event later than 60 days from the date of request for payment.  Upon any event of default (including, without limitation, the Borrower’s obligation to pay upon demand any outstanding liabilities of the Credit Facility), the Lender may, at its option and without noticecompared to the Borrower, exercise its right to demand immediate paymentsame period of all liabilities and other indebtedness and amounts owed to Lender and its affiliates by the Borrower and its affiliates. The Credit Facility is secured by a grant of a security interest in the vehicle inventory and other assets of the Borrower and payment is guaranteed by the Company pursuant to a guaranty in favor of the Lender, and secured by the Company pursuant to a General Security Agreement.2021.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2017,December 31, 2022, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
Emerging GrowthAcquisition of Freedom Powersports
On February 18, 2022, the Company
We are closed on the acquisition of Freedom Powersports, which included all business and real estate assets, subject to customary net working capital and indebtedness adjustments, for an “emerging growth company”aggregate consideration of approximately $129,971. The aggregate consideration consisted of approximately $83,291 for the Freedom Powersports business and approximately $46,680 for acquired real estate properties, including the payoff of outstanding mortgage debt on the real estate assets in the aggregate amount of approximately $27,025. The aggregate consideration was paid using cash on hand, $84,500 drawn from the Company’s delayed draw facility under the federal securities lawsOaktree Credit Facility, and will bethe issuance of 1,048,718 restricted shares of RumbleOn Class B common stock. The restricted shares were subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. In addition, Section 107a six-month lock-up and resale registration rights.
Funding of RumbleOn’s Consumer Finance Subsidiary
On February 4, 2022, RumbleOn Finance (“ROF”) and ROF SPV I, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of RumbleOn, entered into a secured loan facility (“Consumer Finance Facility”) primarily to provide up to $25,000 for the underwriting of consumer loans underwritten by ROF. Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch (“Credit Suisse”) is the managing agent of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantageloan agreement, and RumbleOn Finance is the borrower. All loans under this agreement are secured by certain collateral including the consumer finance loans purchased by the ROF Consumer Finance Facility.
Credit Suisse provided customary representations and covenants under the agreements which include financial covenants and collateral performance covenants. Loans sold to or in the ROF Consumer Finance Facility are subject to certain eligibility criteria, concentration limits and reserves.
Related Party Software License
On January 19, 2022, the Audit Committee approved, and the Company entered into two agreements with Bidpath Incorporated, a company owned by Adam Alexander, a director of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) ofCompany, that provides the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for complyingCompany with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing not to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements and involves risks and uncertainties that could materially affect expected results of operations, liquidity, cash flows, and business prospects. These statements include, among other things, statements that:
We have(i) a limited operating history and we cannot assure you we will achieve or maintain profitability;
Our annual and quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly or may fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline;
The initial development and progress of our business to date may not be indicative of our future growth prospects and, if we continue to grow rapidly, we may not be able to manage our growth effectively;
We may require additional capital to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances. If capital is not available on terms acceptable to us or at all, we may not be able to develop and grow our business as anticipated and our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed;
The success of our business relies heavily on our marketing and branding efforts, especially with respectperpetual, non-exclusive license to the RumbleOn website and our branded mobile applications, and these efforts may not be successful;
The failure to develop and maintain our brand could harm our ability to grow unique visitor traffic and to expand our dealer network;
We rely on Internet search engines and social media to drive traffic to our website, and if we fail to appear prominently in the search results, our traffic would decline, and our business would be adversely affected;
A significant disruption in service on our website or of our mobile applications could damage our reputation and result in a loss of consumers, which could harm our business, brand, operating results, and financial condition;
We may be unable to maintain or grow relationships with information data providers or may experience interruptions in the data feeds they provide, which may limit the information that we are able to provide to our users and dealersthen-current source code, as well as adversely affectall future source code, of foundational technology for our inventory management platform, and (ii) support and maintenance services, all of which remain in development as of December 31, 2022.
The Company has made cash payments totaling $3,600 for the timeliness of such informationlicense during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company pays, on monthly basis since the agreement was signed, $30 for the support and may impair our abilitymaintenance services. The initial term is thirty-six (36) months but can be terminated by either party at any time by providing sixty (60) days' notice to attract or retain consumers and our dealers and to timely invoice all parties;
the other party.
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If key industry participants, including powersports
Repayment of Convertible Note
On January 31, 2022, the Company made its final scheduled payment on the convertible note entered into on February 3, 2019 in connection of the acquisition of AutoSport. The carrying amount on the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 was $0.
Critical Accounting Policies and recreation vehicle dealersEstimates
The discussion and regional auctions, perceive us in a negative light or our relationships with them suffer harm, our ability to operate and grow our business andanalysis of our financial performance may be damaged;
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If we are unable to provide a compelling recreation vehicle buying experience to our users, the number of transactions between our users, RumbleOn and dealers will decline, and our revenuecondition and results of operations will suffer harm;
are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, impacting our reported results of operations and financial condition.
Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities and the recognition of income and expenses. Management considers these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The significant accounting policies and estimates which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described below. Refer to Note 1 — Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this 2022 Form 10-K, for more detailed information regarding our critical accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
We adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. ASC 606 prescribes a five-step model that includes: (1) identify the contract; (2) identify the performance obligations; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied. Based on the manner in which we historically recognized revenue, the adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the amount or timing of our revenue recognition, and we recognized no cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption.
For vehicles sold at wholesale to dealers we satisfy our performance obligation for vehicles sales when the wholesale purchaser obtains control of the underlying vehicle, which is upon delivery when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership and control pass to the dealer. We recognize revenue at the amount we expect to receive for the pre-owned vehicle, which is the fixed price determined at the auction. The purchase price of the wholesale vehicle is typically due and collected within 30 days of delivery of the wholesale vehicle.
For vehicles sold to consumers the purchase price is set forth in the customer contracts at a stand-alone selling price which is agreed upon prior to delivery. We satisfy our performance obligation for pre-owned vehicle sales upon delivery when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership and control pass to the customer. We recognize revenue at the agreed upon purchase price stated in the contract, including any delivery charges, less an estimate for returns. Our return policy allows customers to initiate a return during the first three days after delivery. Estimates for returns are based on an analysis of historical experience, trends and sales data. Changes in these estimates are reflected as an adjustment to revenue in the period identified. The amount of consideration received for pre-owned vehicle sales to consumers includes noncash consideration representing the value of trade-in vehicles, if applicable, as stated in the contract. Prior to the delivery of the vehicle, the payment is received, or financing has been arranged. Payments from customers that finance their purchases with third parties are typically due and collected within 30 days of delivery of the pre-owned vehicle. In future periods additional provisions may be necessary due to a variety of factors, including changing customer return patterns due to the maturation of the online vehicle buying market, macro- and micro-economic factors that could influence customer return behavior and future pricing environments. If these factors result in adjustments to sales returns, they could significantly impact our future operating results. Revenue excludes any sales taxes, title and registration fees, and other government fees that are collected from customers.
Vehicle logistics revenue is generated primarily by entering into freight brokerage agreements with dealers, distributors, or private party individuals to transport vehicles from a point of origin to a designated destination. The transaction price is based on the consideration specified in the customer's contract. A performance obligation is created when the customer under a transportation contract submits a bill of lading for the transport of goods from origin to destination. These performance obligations are satisfied as the shipments move from origin to destination. The freight brokerage agreements are fulfilled by independent third-party transporters. While the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling to customers, these transporters
The growth of our business relies significantly on our ability to increase the number of dealers and regional auctions in our network such that we are able to increase the number of transactions between our users, dealers and auctions. Failure to do so would limit our growth;42


Our ability to grow our complementary product offerings may be limited, which could negatively impact our development, growth, revenue and financial performance;

are obligated to meet our performance obligations and standards. Performance obligations are short-term, with transit days less than one week. Generally, customers are billed either upon shipment of the vehicle or on a monthly basis, and remit payment according to approved payment terms, generally not to exceed 30 days. Revenue is recognized as risks and rewards of transportation of the vehicle is transferred to the owner during delivery. Wholesale Express is considered the principal in the delivery transactions since it is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service. As a result, revenue is recorded gross.
We relyIn the fourth quarter of 2022 and as first announced on third-party financing providersthe Company’s third quarter earnings call which took place on November 9, 2022, the Company disclosed its plan to finance a significant portionexplore strategic alternatives for its automotive segment.The Company is now expecting to wind down its wholesale automotive business in the first half of our customers’ vehicle purchases;
Our2023. The Company’s 2023 revenue forecast only includes the sales of powersports/recreational vehicles may be adversely impacted by increased supplythe remaining inventory at December 31, 2022, which represents a substantial reduction in revenues and earnings compared to historical periods.Management expects operations of and/or declining pricesthe automotive segment to cease in fiscal year 2023 and its cash flow forecast reflects such facts and timelines.
Business Combinations
Total consideration transferred for pre-owned powersportsacquisitions is allocated to the tangible and recreational vehiclesintangible assets acquired and excess supplyliabilities assumed, if any, based on their fair values at the dates of new powersportsacquisition. This purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and recreational vehicles;
We relyassumptions with respect to intangible assets and other fair value adjustments with respect to certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on a number of third parties to perform certain operating and administrative functions for the Company;
We participate in a highly competitive market, and pressure from existing and new companies may adversely affect our business and operating results;
Seasonality or weather trends may cause fluctuations in our unique visitors, revenue and operating results;
We collect, process, store, share, disclose anddetailed valuations that use personal information and other data, and our actual or perceived failure to protect such information and data could damage our reputation and brand and harm our business and operating results;
Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could harm our business and operating results;
We may in the future be subject to intellectual property disputes, which are costly to defend and could harm our business and operating results;
Resultsassumptions determined by management. Any excess of operations from quarter to quarter may be volatile as a result of the impact of fluctuations inpurchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While we use our outstanding warrants;
best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

We dependuse the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including franchise rights. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. We base our assumptions on key personnelestimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, etc. We base the discount rates used to operate our business,arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition on the time value of money and if we are unablecertain industry-specific risk factors. We believe the estimated purchased franchise rights and non-compete intangible asset amounts so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third-party would pay for the assets.
Refer to retain, attract and integrate qualified personnel, our ability to develop and successfully grow our business could be harmed;
We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results;
The trading priceNote 2. Acquisitions for our Class B Common Stock may be volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in per share price;
Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and an even greater percentagefurther discussion of the Company’s voting powerbusiness combinations.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and willliabilities assumed in business combinations. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of October 1st, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist.
We have three reportable segments, operating segments, and reporting units, as defined in GAAP for segment reporting and goodwill testing: (1) powersports, (2) automotive and (3) vehicle logistics, each of which is separately evaluated for purposes of goodwill testing. We first review qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount; if we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then our goodwill is not considered to be ableimpaired. However, if based on the qualitative assessment we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if we elect to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval;
bypass the optional qualitative assessment as provided for under GAAP, we proceed with performing the quantitative impairment test.
Fair value estimates used in the quantitative impairment test are calculated using a combination of the income and market approaches. The income approach is based on the present value of future cash flows of each reporting unit, while the market approach is based on certain multiples of selected guideline public companies or selected guideline transactions. The approaches incorporate a number of market participant assumptions including future growth rates, discount rates, income tax rates and market activity in assessing fair value and are reporting unit specific. If the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. We recognize any impairment loss in operating income.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline;43


Because our Class B Common Stock may be deemed a low-priced “penny” stock, an investment in our Class B Common Stock should be considered high risk and subject to marketability restrictions;

AThe fair value measurement associated with the quantitative goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets test is based on significant portion of our total outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock is restricted from immediate resale but may be sold intoinputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Significant changes in the near future. Thisunderlying assumptions used to value goodwill and franchise rights could causesignificantly increase or decrease the fair value estimates used for impairment assessments.
As disclosed in Note 8, the Company performed its annual goodwill and franchise rights impairment test on October 1, 2022 and subsequently updated its quantitative impairment test as of December 31, 2022 because a triggering event was identified due to declines in the Company’s market pricecapitalization and other factors occurring in the fourth quarter of our Class B Common Stock2022. Impairment amounts recognized in the Company’s 2022 annual financial statements represent aggregate impairment charges recognized from both the October 1 and December 31, 2022 quantitative impairment tests.
In connection with its fourth quarter 2022 goodwill impairment test, the Company recognized noncash goodwill impairment charges of $26,039 to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well;
We do not currently orthe Company’s automotive reporting unit and $218,646 to the Company’s powersports reporting unit for the foreseeable future intendyear ended December 31, 2022. The estimated fair value of the Company’s vehicle logistics reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and no impairment was required. The Company also recognized noncash franchise rights impairment charges of $105,630 to pay dividendsthe Company’s powersports segment resulting from its fourth quarter 2022 impairment tests.
Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on our common stock;
We are an “emerging growth company” underFinancial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which amends the JOBS Actguidance on the impairment of 2012,financial instruments by requiring measurement and we cannot berecognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and earlier adoption is permitted beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases(Topic 842): Effective Dates (“ASU 2019-10”). The purpose of this amendment is to create a two-tier rollout of major updates, staggering the effective dates between larger public companies and all other entities. This granted certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicableclasses of companies, including Smaller Reporting Companies (“SRCs”), additional time to emerging growthimplement major FASB standards, including ASU 2016-13. Larger public companies will make our common stock less attractivestill have an effective date for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All other entities are permitted to investors;
defer adoption of ASU 2016-13, and its related amendments, until the earlier of fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 for its fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023, and does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
EvenIn March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if wecertain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. Additionally, entities can elect to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain conditions are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the Board's monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848." This ASU defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company”, we may still be subjectpermitted to reduced reporting requirements so long as we are considered a “smaller reporting company”;
If we fail to maintain anapply the relief in Topic 848. These new standards were effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, stockholders could lose confidence in our financialupon issuance and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock;
Anti-takeover provisions may limit the ability of another party to acquire us, which could cause our stock price to decline;
other risks and uncertainties detailed in this report;
as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, the following sections: Item 1 “Business,” Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words suchapplied to applicable contract modifications. While our senior secured debt and many of our floorplan arrangements utilize LIBOR as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,”a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate, some of our floorplan arrangements have already transitioned to utilizing an alternative benchmark rate. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of the transition from LIBOR to alternative reference interest rates. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR, the establishment of alternative rates or benchmarks, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are basedthe corresponding effects on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include,cost of capital but aredo not limited to, those discussed in this Annual Reportexpect a significant impact on Form 10-K, and in particular, the risks discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release theour consolidated financial position, results of any revisionoperations, and cash flows.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to these forward-looking statements, except as requiredbe recognized and measured by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliancethe acquirer on such forward-looking statements.
the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606
Item44



instead of being recorded at fair value. The Company will adopt ASU 2021-08 for its fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023, and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
ITEM 7A.    
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
This item in not applicable as we are currently considered a smaller reporting company.
ItemITEM 8.    
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
See Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules beginning on page F-1 of this 2022 Form 10-K.
ItemITEM 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

ItemITEM 9A.
Controls and Procedures.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, Marshall Chesrown and Steven R. Berrard, have evaluated the effectiveness of ourWe maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in RuleRules 13a-15(e)and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act) Act of 1934,as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on their evaluation, Messrs. Chesrown and Berrard concludedamended (the "Exchange Act”), that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclosebe disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chiefprincipal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO”), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of that date due to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as described below.
Management’sManagement's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. These internal controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the reported financial information is presented fairly, that disclosures are adequate and that the judgments inherent in the preparation of financial statements are reasonable. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal controls, including the possibility of human error and overriding of controls. Consequently, an effective internal control system can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance with respect to reporting financial information.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: (i) pertainis a process designed to maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary forregarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles andGAAP in the receipts and expendituresUnited States.
As of company assets are made and in accordance with ourDecember 31, 2022, management and directors authorization; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
35
Management has undertakenconducted an assessment of the effectiveness of ourthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in the Internal Control – “Internal Control—Integrated FrameworkFramework” (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).Commission. Based uponon this evaluation,assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2022, because of an identified material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below.
Remediation of Previously Identified Material Weaknesses & Other Remediation Activities
As previously disclosed in Part II Item 9A Controls and Procedures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as follows:
Information technology general controls particularly as such controls related to user access, program change management, and ineffective complementary user-organization controls, which limited management’s ability to rely on technology dependent controls relevant to the preparation of our financial statements.
Controls over the period end close process, including the review and approval process of journal entries, balance sheet account reconciliations, segregation of duties conflicts, and consolidation of intercompany entries.
Documentation and design of controls over the recording and reconciliation of inventory.
Review of key assumptions and estimates related to purchase accounting for significant acquisitions.
The control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring components of the Company’s internal control framework such that internal control weaknesses were not detected, communicated, addressed with mitigating control activities, or remediated in a timely manner.
45



In 2022, we implemented measures designed to improve internal control over financial reporting to remediate the control deficiencies that led to the material weaknesses described above. The remediation measures taken included:
We hired a new Chief Financial Officer.
We have engaged third-party resources to support our internal control testing and remediation efforts and act as subject matter experts, and hired additional resources to oversee remediation efforts.
We have hired a Head of Internal Audit, a senior level position reporting directly to the Audit Committee, to implement and oversee a newly established Internal Audit department.
We hired a Vice President of Tax, Chief Technology Officer, and other key accounting and financial reporting positions, including a Vice President of Financial Planning and Analysis, to augment our accounting staff. We believe these additional accounting and finance personnel will enhance our compliance and oversight regarding internal control over financial reporting.
We have conducted a risk assessment over our internal control environment, including reviewing and prioritizing individual control deficiencies for remediation, including those which aggregated to the above material weaknesses.
We have documented and in the process of executing remediation action items, including the expansion of mitigating controls where appropriate.
We have implemented tools to enhance and centralize general information technology components.
We have implemented reporting to provide periodic updates to our Audit Committee on the status of the remediation activities.
As of December 31, 2022, management determined the enhancements to controls noted above have been in place for a sufficient period of time and has concluded, through testing, that the material weaknesses identified above as of December 31, 2021 have been remediated. However, as described below, we identified a material weakness as of December 31, 2022 related to the integration of the RideNow business and incorporation of the acquired business into the Company’s control environment.
Material Weakness Following the Integration of the RideNow Business
As part of the Company’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2022, management identified the following material weakness:
There was an insufficient number of accounting resources to facilitate an effective control environment following the integration of the RideNow business and incorporation of the acquired business into the Company’s control environment. Consequently, the Company did not effectively operate process-level control activities related to elimination of intercompany transactions, review and approval of certain reconciliations, accounting estimates accounting for non-routine transactions, and management review controls.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on the material weakness described above, we have concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was effectivenot effective.
As set forth below, management has taken and will continue to take steps to remediate the material weakness identified as of December 31, 2017.2022. Notwithstanding this material weakness, we have performed additional analyses and procedures to enable management to conclude that our consolidated financial statements included in this 2022 Form 10-K fairly present in all material respects our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
You should also consider that we have excluded from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting the acquired Freedom entities in accordance with appropriate guidance from the SEC. These acquired entities comprise total assets of $122,204 (or 12% of total assets of the Company) and total revenue of $203,994 (or 11% of total revenue of the Company) included in our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. For additional information about the Freedom Transaction, see Note 2— Acquisitions, in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this 2022 Form 10-K.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of ourOur independent auditors, Grant Thornton LLP, a registered public accounting firm, regardingare appointed by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. As a result of the material weakness described above, Grant Thornton LLP has issued an
46



adverse opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. reporting as of December 31, 2022, which appears in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this 2022 Form 10-K.
Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuantRemediation Plan
In response to the temporary rulesmaterial weakness discussed above, we plan to continue efforts already underway to remediate internal control over financial reporting, which include the following:
We are committed to hiring additional accounting resources with the required technical expertise and clearly defined roles & responsibilities.
We are evaluating system enhancements to automate the consolidation and elimination of intercompany transactions.
We are in process of enhancing the Securitiesoverall review and Exchange Commissionapproval process relating to elimination of these entries.
We are enhancing review and approval controls related to reconciling certain accruals and accounting estimates.
We are in the process of implementing proper governance and reporting over the execution of these remediation action items, including expansion of mitigating controls where appropriate.
Management and our Audit Committee will monitor these specific remedial measures and the effectiveness of our overall control environment. The material weakness will not be considered remediated, however, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that permitthese controls are operating effectively. We can provide no assurance as to when the companyremediation of these material weaknesses will be completed to provide only the management’s report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
for an effective control environment.
Changes in Internal Control Overover Financial Reporting
ThereOther than described above in Item 9A, Controls and Procedures, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d)and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during our most recent fiscalthe quarter ended December 31, 2022, that havehas materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. 
Other Information.
ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION.
None.
ITEM 9C.    DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
None.

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36

Table of Contents

PART III
PART III
ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
Item 10. 
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors and Executive Officers
Below are the names of and certainThe information regarding our executive officers and directors:
NameAgePosition
Marshall Chesrown60Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Steven R. Berrard63Chief Financial Officer and Director
Denmar Dixon55Director
Kartik Kakarala40Director
Mitch Pierce60Director
Kevin Westfall62Director
Richard A. Gray, Jr.70Director
Marshall Chesrown has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since October 24, 2016. Mr. Chesrown has over 35 years of leadership experience in the automotive retail sector. From December 2014required by this item is incorporated by reference to September 2016, Mr. Chesrown served as Chief Operating Officer and as a director of Vroom.com, an online direct car retailer (“Vroom”). Mr. Chesrown served as Chief Operating Officer of AutoAmerica, an automotive retail company, from May 2013 to November 2014. Previously, Mr. Chesrown served as the President of Chesrown Automotive Group from January 1985 to May 2013, which was acquired by AutoNation, Inc., a leading automotive retail company, in 1997. Mr. Chesrown served as Senior Vice President of Retail Operations for AutoNation from 1997 to 1999. From 1999 to 2013, Mr. Chesrown served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Blackrock Development, a real estate development company widely known for development of the nationally recognized Golf Club at Black Rock. Mr. Chesrown filed for personal bankruptcy in May 2013, which petition was discharged in January 2017.
We believe that Mr. Chesrown possesses attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board, including his extensive experience in the automotive retail sector.
Steven R. Berrard has served as our Chief Financial Officer since January 9, 2017 and served as Interim Chief Financial Officer from July 13, 2016 through January 9, 2017 and as Chief Executive Officer from July 13, 2016 through October 24, 2016. Mr. Berrard served as Secretary from July 13, 2016 through June 30, 2017 and has served on our Board since July 13, 2016. Mr. Berrard served as a director of Walter Investment Management Corp. (“Walter Investment”) from 2010 until May 2017. Mr. Berrard served on the Board of Directors of Swisher Hygiene Inc., a publicly traded industry leader in hygiene solutions and products, from 2004 until May 2014. Mr. Berrard is the Managing Partner of New River Capital Partners, a private equity fund he co-founded in 1997. Mr. Berrard was the co-founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer of AutoNation from 1996 to 1999. Prior to joining AutoNation, Mr. Berrard served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Blockbuster Entertainment Group, at the time the world’s largest video store operator. Mr. Berrard served as President of Huizenga Holdings, Inc., a real estate management and development company, and served in various positions with subsidiaries of Huizenga Holdings, Inc. from 1981 to 1987. Mr. Berrard was employed by Coopers & Lybrand (now PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”)) from 1976 to 1981. Mr. Berrard currently serves on the Board of Directors of Pivotal Fitness, Inc., a chain of fitness centers operating in a number of markets in the United States. He has previously served on the Boards of Directors of Jamba, Inc., (2005 – 2009), Viacom, Inc., (1987 – 1996), Birmingham Steel (1999 – 2002), HealthSouth (2004 – 2006), and Boca Resorts, Inc. (1996 – 2004). Mr. Berrard earned his B.S. in Accounting from Florida Atlantic University.
We believe that Mr. Berrard’s management experience and financial expertise is beneficial in guiding our strategic direction. He has served in senior management and/or on the Board of several prominent, publicly traded companies. In several instances, he has led significant growth of the businesses he has managed. In addition, Mr. Berrard has served as the Chairman of the audit committee of several boards of directors.
Denmar Dixon has served on our Board since January 9, 2017. Mr. Dixon served as a director of Walter Investment from April 2009 (andRumbleOn’s Proxy Statement for its predecessor since December 2008) until June 2016. Effective October 2015, Mr. Dixon was appointed Chief Executive Officer and President2023 Annual Meeting of Walter Investment and served until his resignation effective June 2016. Mr. Dixon previously served as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Vice President of Walter Investment since January 2010 and Chief Investment Officer of Walter Investment since August 2013. Before becoming an executive officer of Walter Investment, Mr. Dixon also served as a member of Walter Investment’s Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and as Chairman of the Compensation and Human Resources Committee. Before serving on the Board of Walter Investment, Mr. Dixon was electedStockholders to the board of managers of JWH Holding Company, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Walter Industries, Inc., in anticipation of the spin-off of Walter Investment Management, LLC from Walter Industries, Inc. (now known as Walter Energy, Inc.). In 2008, Mr. Dixon founded Blue Flame Capital, LLC, a consulting, financial advisory and investment firm. Before forming Blue Flame, Mr. Dixon spent 23 years with Banc of America Securities, LLC and its predecessors. At the time of his retirement, Mr. Dixon was a Managing Director in the Corporate and Investment Banking group and held the position of Global Head of the Basic Industries Group of Banc of America Securities.
37
We believe that Mr. Dixon possesses attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board, including his extensive business development, mergers and acquisitions and capital markets/investment banking experience within the financial services industry. As a director, he provides significant input into, and is actively involved in, leading our business activities and strategic planning efforts. Mr. Dixon has significant experience in the general industrial, consumer and business services industries.
Kartik Kakarala was appointed to our Board immediately following the completion of the NextGen Acquisition in February 2017. Mr. Kakarala is the Chief Executive Officer of Halcyon Technologies, a global software solutions company. He is responsible for sales, business development and innovation, as well as the creation of technology assets. He has been responsible for the growth of a number of strategic, horizontal competencies, and vertical business units like automotive, utilities, finance and healthcare practices. Mr. Kakarala served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of NextGen from January 2016 to February 2017, which was acquired by us in February 2017, providing inventory management solutions to the power sports, recreational vehicle and marine sectors in North America. He served as Chief Executive Officer and President of NextGenAuto from July 2013 to December 2015. Mr. Kakarala served as Co-Founder and Managing Partner of Red Bumper from July 2010 to August 2014, a company which provided used car inventory management solutions used by thousands of automotive dealers across North America and which was later acquired by ADP in 2014. Mr. Kakarala served as Director/Co-Founder of GridFirst solutions since 2012, a company providing home automation solutions to energy customers. Mr. Kakarala holds a Master’s degree in Computer Science from University of Houston.
We believe that Mr. Kakarala possesses attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board, as he is regarded as a pioneer in developing several systems in the automotive industry including CRM, ERP, inventory management and financial applications.
Mitch Pierce has served on our Board since January 9, 2017. Mr. Pierce has over 35 years of leadership experience in the automotive retail sector. Mr. Pierce served as the President of Tempe Toyota Group from January 1985 to June 1997, which was acquired by AutoNation in 1997. Mr. Pierce served as a Regional Vice President of Retail Operations for AutoNation from 1997 to 2003. Mr. Pierce currently owns one of the five largest Toyota stores in United States and is a partner in six other major auto dealerships. Mr. Pierce is a board member of the Southern California Toyota Dealers. He served on the National Dealer Council for Toyota Dealers in 1996-97. He is Past Chairman of the Arizona Automobile Dealer Association.
We believe that Mr. Pierce possesses attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board, including his more than 30 years of executive experience in the automotive retail sector and broad base of business knowledge and experience.
Kevin Westfall has served on our Board since January 9, 2017. Mr. Westfall was a co-founder and served as Chief Executive Officer of Vroom from January 2012 through November 2015. Previously, from March 1997 through November 2011, Mr. Westfall served as Senior Vice President of Sales and Senior Vice President of Automotive Finance at AutoNation. Mr. Westfall was a founder of BMW Financial Services in 1990 and served as its President until March 1997. Mr. Westfall also served as Retail Lease Manager of Chrysler Credit Corporation from 1987 until 1990 and as President of World Automotive Imports and Leasing from 1980 until 1987.
We believe that Mr. Westfall possesses attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board, including his more than 30 years of executive experience in automotive retail and finance operations.
Richard A. Gray, Jr., has served on our Board since October 1, 2017. Mr. Gray has served as President of Gray & Co. Realtors, Inc., a licensed real estate service provider he founded, since 1987. Gray & Co. Realtors has been involved in the development, liquidation, the joint venture, and management of commercial real estate, representing both U.S. investors and foreign investors, and since 1998, has also been involved in raising venture capital for startup and additional round funding for public companies in the technology sector. Before Gray & Co. Realtors, he served as a broker at Wiggins Gray Interests, a company focused on development of retail and office properties in Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, as well as office, industrial, land and retail brokerage from 1985 to 1987. Before Wiggins Gray Interests, he served at Hudson & Hudson Realtors from 1973 to 1985, Murray Investment Company from 1971 to 1973, and Borden Chemical Company from 1969 to 1971. Mr. Gray has also served as a director of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Migra Tech, and Equitable Bank. Mr. Gray received his BBA from Texas Tech University.
We believe that Mr. Gray possesses attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of our Board, including his extensive experience in funding technology sector public companies.
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Corporate Governance Principles and Code of Ethics
Our Board is committed to sound corporate governance principles and practices. Our Board’s core principles of corporate governance are set forth in our Corporate Governance Principles, which were adopted by our Board in May 2017. In order to clearly set forth our commitment to conduct our operations in accordance with our high standards of business ethics and applicable laws and regulations, our Board also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which is applicable to all directors, officers and employees. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Corporate Governance Principles are available on our corporate website at www.rumbleon.com. You also may obtain without charge a printed copy of the Code of Ethics and Corporate Governance Principles by sending a written request to: Investor Relations, RumbleOn, Inc., 4521 Sharon Road, Suite 370, Charlotte, North Carolina 28211. Amendments or waivers of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be provided on our website within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.  
Board of Directors and Committees
The business and affairs of our company are managed by or under the direction of the Board. The Board is composed of seven members. The Board has not appointed a lead independent director; instead the presiding director for each executive session is rotated among the Chairs of the committees of our Board.
Pursuant to our bylaws, our Board may establish one or more committees of the Board however designated, and delegate to any such committee the full power of the Board, to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Our Board has established three separately designated standing committees to assist the Board in discharging its responsibilities: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The charters for our Board committees set forth the scope of the responsibilities of that committee. The Board will assess the effectiveness and contribution of each committee on an annual basis. The charters for our Board committees were adopted by the Board in May 2017. These charters are available at www.rumbleon.com, and you may obtain a printed copy of any of these charters by sending a written request to: Investor Relations, RumbleOn, Inc.
Audit Committee. The Board, by unanimous consent, established an Audit Committee in January 2017. Effective October 1, 2017, the members of this committee are Messrs. Dixon (chair), Westfall, and Gray. The Board has determined that Mr. Dixon is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K and is the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
The primary function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities by overseeing our accounting and financial processes and the audits of our financial statements. The independent auditor is ultimately accountable to the Audit Committee, as representatives of the stockholders. The Audit Committee has the ultimate authority and direct responsibility for the selection, appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of our independent auditor that is engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for us (including the resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditors regarding financial reporting), and the independent auditor must report directly to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee also is responsible for the review of proposed transactions between us and related parties. For a complete description of the Audit Committee’s responsibilities, you should refer to the Audit Committee Charter.
Compensation Committee. In January 2017, the Board, by unanimous consent, established a Compensation Committee. Effective October 1, 2017, the members of the Compensation Committee are Messrs. Westfall (chair), Dixon, and Pierce. The Compensation Committee was established to, among other things, administer and approve all elements of compensation and awards for our executive officers. The Compensation Committee has the responsibility to review and approve the business goals and objectives relevant to each executive officer’s compensation, evaluate individual performance of each executive in light of those goals and objectives, and determine and approve each executive’s compensation based on this evaluation. For a complete description of the Compensation Committee’s responsibilities, you should refer to the Compensation Committee Charter.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. In January 2017, the Board, by unanimous consent, established a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Effective October 1, 2017, the current members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Messrs. Pierce (chair), Gray, and Dixon. The Nominating Committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to become members of the Board or any committee thereof; recommending nominees for election as directors at each annual stockholder meeting; recommending candidates to fill any vacancies on the Board or any committee thereof; and overseeing the evaluation of the Board. For a complete description of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee’s responsibilities, you should refer to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider all qualified director candidates identified by various sources, including members of the Board, management and stockholders. Candidates for directors recommended by stockholders will be given the same consideration as those identified from other sources. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing each candidate’s biographical information, meeting with each candidate and assessing each candidate’s independence, skills and expertise based on a number of factors. While we do not have a formal policy on diversity, when considering the selection of director nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers individuals with diverse backgrounds, viewpoints, accomplishments, cultural background and professional expertise, among other factors.
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Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that our directors, executive officers and persons who beneficially own 10% or more of our stock filefiled with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our stock and our other equity securities. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, duringSEC within 120 days after the year ended December 31, 2017, our directors, executive officers and greater than 10% beneficial owners complied with all such applicable filing requirements, except (i) each of Messrs. Pierce and Gray untimely filed a Form 3 (ii) Mr. Kakarala untimely filed a Form 4 reporting one transaction, and (iii) each of Messrs. Dixon, Pierce, Westfall and Gray untimely reported one transaction, which transactions were reported on Form 5s.
Item 11. 
Executive Compensation.
Executive and Director Compensation
Summary Compensation
No compensation was earned or paid to our executive officers during the two years ended December 31, 2017.
Executive Employment Arrangements
Marshall Chesrown
We have not entered into an employment agreement or arrangement with Mr. Chesrown. Accordingly, he is employed as our Chief Executive Officer on an at-will basis. Mr. Chesrown currently receives an annual salary of $250,000.
Mr. Chesrown is eligible for equity compensation under our equity compensation plans, as determined from time to time by the compensation committee of our Board, however through the date of this filing, no grants of equity awards have been made to Mr. Chesrown.
Steven Berrard
We have not entered into an employment agreement or arrangement with Mr. Berrard. Accordingly, he is employed as our Chief Financial Officer on an at-will basis. Mr. Berrard currently receives an annual salary of $250,000.
Mr. Berrard is eligible for equity compensation under our equity compensation plans, as determined from time to time by the compensation committee of our Board, however through the date of this filing, no grants of equity awards have been made to Mr. Berrard.
Non-Employee Director Compensation
We have not yet established a policy for non-employee director compensation. As of December 31, 2017, no compensation had been paid to our non-employee directors, except (i) consulting fees paid to our director Kartik Kakarala under the terms of a consulting agreement with us, which we further describe under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions - Consulting Agreement” and (ii) an award of 35,000 restricted stock units under the RumbleOn, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) to Messrs. Dixon, Pierce, Westfall and Gray.

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2022.
ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The following table summarizesinformation required by this item is incorporated by reference to RumbleOn’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the compensation paid to our non-employee directors forSEC within 120 days after the year ended December 31, 2017.2022.
Name
 
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash
 
 
Stock Awards (1)(2)
 
 
All Other Compensation
 
 
Total
 
Denmar Dixon
  - 
 $122,500 
 $- 
 $122,500 
Kartik Kakarala
  - 
 $- 
 $40,000 
 $40,000(3)
Mitch Pierce
  - 
 $122,500 
 $- 
 $122,500 
Kevin Westfall
  - 
 $122,500 
 $- 
 $122,500 
Richard A. Gray, Jr.
  - 
 $188,300 
 $- 
 $188,300 
ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
____________
(1) 
Represents restricted stock units granted under the Incentive Plan. Represents the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. In determining the grant date fair value, we used $3.50 per share exceptThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference to RumbleOn’s Proxy Statement for Mr. Gray for which we used $5.38 per share. The restricted stock units vest over a three-year period utilizing the following vesting schedule: (i) 20% on the first anniversaryits 2023 Annual Meeting of the grant date; (ii) 30% on the second anniversary of the grant date; and (iii) 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date.
(2) 
As of December 31, 2017, each of Messrs. Dixon, Pierce, Westfall and Gray held 35,000 restricted stock units.
(3) 
Represents consulting fees paidStockholders to Mr. Kakarala pursuant to the consulting agreement. For additional information regarding these consulting fees, see Certain Relationships and Related Transactions - Consulting Agreement below.
Item 12. 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. In accordancebe filed with the SEC rules, shares of our common stock that may be acquired upon exercise or vesting of equity awards within 60120 days of the date of the table below are deemed beneficially owned by the holders of such options and are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of any other person.
As of February 23, 2018, 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and 11,928,541 shares of Class B Common Stock were issued and outstanding. The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of February 23, 2018, by (i) each of our directors and executive officers, (ii) all of our directors and executive officers as a group, and (iii) each stockholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock. To the best of our knowledge, except as otherwise indicated, each of the persons named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of common stock beneficially owned by such person, except to the extent such power may be shared with a spouse. To our knowledge, none of the shares listed below are held under a voting trust or similar agreement, except as noted. To our knowledge, there is no arrangement, including any pledge by any person of our securities or any of our parents, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of our company.
Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each person listed on the table is c/o RumbleOn, Inc., 4521 Sharon Road, Suite 370, Charlotte, NC 28211.
 
 
No. of Shares of Class A Common Stock Owned
 
 
Percentage of Class A
Ownership
(1)(2)
 
 
No. of Shares of Class B Common Stock Owned
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of Class B Ownership
(1)(3)
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
Named Executive Officers and Directors:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall Chesrown(4)
  875,000 
  87.5%
  1,739,656 
 
  14.6%
Steven R. Berrard(5)
  125,000 
  12.5%
  1,970,000 
 
  16.5%
Denmar Dixon(6)
  - 
  - 
  1,024,179 
(11)
  8.6%
Kartik Kakarala(7)
  - 
  - 
  1,523,809 
       
  12.8%
Mitch Pierce(8)
  - 
  - 
  44,500 
(11)
  * 
Kevin Westfall
  - 
  - 
  19,500 
(11)
  * 
Richard A. Gray
  - 
  - 
  25,000 
       
  * 
All directors and executive officers as a group(7) persons(9)
  1,000,000 
  100.0%
  6,346,644 
    
  53.2%
5% Stockholders:
    
    
    
    
    
Ralph Wegis(10)
  - 
  - 
  891,537 
    
  7.5%
Halcyon Consulting, LLC(7)
  - 
  - 
  1,523,809 
    
  12.8%
41
____________
*Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%.
(1)
Calculated in accordance with applicable rules of the SEC.
(2)
Based on 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding as of February 21, 2018. The Class A Common Stock has ten votes for each share outstanding compared to one vote for each share of Class B Common Stock outstanding. As of February 23, 2018, the holders of the Class A Common Stock have in aggregate, including shares of Class B Common Stock held by them, voting power representing 62.5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(3)
Based on 11,928,541 shares of Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding as of February 23, 2018.
(4)
As of February 23, 2018, Mr. Chesrown had voting power representing approximately 47.8% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(5)
Shares are owned directly through Berrard Holdings, a limited partnership controlled by Steven R. Berrard. Mr. Berrard has the sole power to vote and the sole power to dispose of each of the shares of common stock which he may be deemed to beneficially own. As of February 23, 2018, Mr. Berrard had voting power representing approximately 14.7% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(6)
982,179 shares are owned directly through Blue Flame Capital, LLC, an entity controlled by Mr. Dixon, 6,900 shares are held by Mr. Dixon’s spouse, 100 shares are held by Mr. Dixon’s son and 28,000 shares are directly held by Mr. Dixon. Mr. Dixon has the sole power to vote and the sole power to dispose of each of the shares of common stock which he may be deemed to beneficially own. As of February 23, 2018, Mr. Dixon had voting power representing approximately 4.4% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(7)
Shares are owned indirectly through Halcyon Consulting, LLC, a limited liability company owned by Kartik Kakarala and his brother, Srinivas Kakarala.  Kartik Kakarala has shared power to vote and shared power to dispose of such shares of common stock with his brother.  As of February 23, 2018, Mr. Kakarala had voting power representing approximately 6.9% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(8)
37,500 shares are held through Pierce Family Trust.
(9)
As of February 23, 2018, all directors and executive officers as a group had voting power representing approximately 74.5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(10)
As of February 23 2018, Mr. Wegis had voting power representing approximately 4.1% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.
(11)
Includes 7,000 restricted stock units that vest on March 31, 2018.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
On January 9, 2017, our Board approved the adoption of the Incentive Plan, subject to stockholder approval at our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. On June 30, 2017, the Incentive Plan was approved by our stockholders at the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The purposes of the Incentive Plan are to attract, retain, reward and motivate talented, motivated and loyal employees and other service providers, or the Eligible Individuals, by providing them with an opportunity to acquire or increase a proprietary interest in our company and to incentivize them to expend maximum effort for the growth and success of our company, so as to strengthen the mutuality of the interests between such persons and our stockholders. The Incentive Plan allows us to grant a variety of stock-based and cash-based awards to Eligible Individuals. Twelve percent of our issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock from time to time are reserved for issuance under the Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2017, 11,928,541 shares of our Class B Common Stock were issued and outstanding, resulting in up to 1,431,424 shares of our Class B Common Stock available for issuance under the Incentive Plan. We have not maintained any other equity compensation plans since our inception.
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2017, with respect to all of our compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance:
Plan Category
Number of securities
to be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders
741,000(1)
$4.14
690,424(2)
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders
-
-
-
____________
(1) Represents restricted stock units outstanding under the Incentive Plan.
(2) Represents securities remaining available for future issuance under the Incentive Plan.

42
Item 13. 
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
We have been a party to the following transactions since January 1, 2016, in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and in which any director, executive officer, or holder of more than 5% of any class of our voting stock, or any member of the immediate family of or entities affiliated with any of them, had or will have a material interest.
Related Party Loans Before Change in Control
As of December 31, 2015, we had loans of $141,000 and accrued interest of $13,002 due to an entity that is owned and controlled by a family member of Pamela Elliot, a former officer and director of our company.  All convertible notes and related party notes outstanding, including interest, of $175,909 as of July 13, 2016 were paid in full in July 2016 in connection with the change in control. 
2016 Financing
On July 13, 2016, Berrard Holdings acquired 5,475,000 shares of our common stock from our former sole director and executive officer. The shares acquired by Berrard Holdings represented 99.5% of our issued and outstanding common stock. The aggregate purchase price for the shares was $148,141.75, which Berrard Holdings paid from cash on hand. In addition, at the closing, Berrard Holdings loaned us, and we and issued to Berrard Holdings the BHLP Note, pursuant to which we were required to repay $191,858 on or before July 13, 2026 plus interest at 6% per annum. The BHLP Note was convertible into common stock at any time before maturity at the greater of $0.06 per share or 50% of the price per share of the next “qualified financing,” which was defined as an offering resulting in net proceeds to us of $500,000 or greater. Effective August 31, 2016, the principal amount of the BHLP Note was amended to include an additional $5,500 loaned to us. On November 28, 2016, we completed a qualified financing at $1.50 per share, which established the conversion price per share for the BHLP Note of $0.75 per share. On March 31, 2017, we issued 275,312 shares of common stock upon conversion of the BHLP Note, which on such date had an aggregate principal amount, including accrued interest, of $206,484. In connection with the conversion of the BHLP Note, the remaining debt discount of $196,076 was charged to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the related deferred tax liability was credited to Additional paid in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
November 2016 Private Placement
On November 28, 2016, we completed the 2016 Private Placement of an aggregate of 900,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.50 per share for total consideration of $1,350,000. In connection with the 2016 Private Placement, the Company also entered into loan agreements with the investors pursuant to which the investors would loan the Company their pro rata share of up to $1,350,000 in the aggregate upon our request any time on or after January 31, 2017 and before November 1, 2020, pursuant to the terms of a convertible promissory note attached to the loan agreements.
In connection with the 2016 Private Placement, Blue Flame, an entity controlled by Denmar Dixon, one of the Company’s directors, paid $250,000 for 166,667 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. Also, in connection with the private placement, Ralph Wegis, a holder of more than 5% of our common stock, paid $799,999.50 for 533,333 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.
On March 31, 2017, we completed funding of the second tranche of the 2016 Private Placement, pursuant to which the investors each received their pro rata share of (1) 1,161,920 shares of common stock and (2) the Private Placement Notes, in consideration of cancellation of loan agreements having an aggregate principal amount committed by the purchasers of $1,350,000. The Private Placement Note was not convertible. As a result, Blue Flame received 645,512 shares of Class B Common Stock and a promissory note in the principal amount of $370,556, and Mr. Wegis received 258,204 shares of Class B Common Stock, and a promissory note in the principal amount of $148,222. As of December 31, 2017, the amount outstanding on the promissory notes, including accrued interest was $388,703 and $155,481 for Blue Flame and Mr. Wegis, respectively. Interest expense on the promissory notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $88,189 and $35,276 which included debt discount amortization2022.
ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to RumbleOn’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of $70,042 and $28,017 for Blue Flame and Mr. Wegis, respectively. The interest was chargedStockholders to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and included in accrued interest under long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Test Dealer
A key component of the Company’s business model is to utilize regional partners in the acquisition of pre-owned vehicles as well as utilize these regional partners to provide inspection, reconditioning and distribution services. Correspondingly, the Company will earn fees and transaction income, and the regional partner may earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales, leads, and fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs. In connectionbe filed with the development of the regional partner program, the Company tested various aspects of the program by utilizing a dealership to which Mr. Chesrown, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer has provided financing in the form of a $400,000 convertible promissory note (the “Dealer”). The note matures on May 1, 2019, interest is payable monthly at 5% per annum and can be converted into a 25% ownership interest in the Dealer at any time. Revenue recognized by the Company from the Dealer forSEC within 120 days after the year ended December 31, 2017 was $1,618,958 or 22.1% of total revenue.
43
2022.
Item 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
TableThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference to RumbleOn’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Contents
In addition, the Company presently subleases warehouse space from the Dealer that is separate and distinct from the location of the dealership, on the same terms as paid by the Dealer. This subleased facility serves as the northwestern regional distribution center for the Company. Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2017 is $30,000 for rent owedStockholders to the Dealer.
Consulting Agreement
In connectionbe filed with the NextGen Acquisition, on February 8, 2017, we entered into a Consulting Agreement with Kartik Kakarala, who formerly served as the Chief Executive Officer of NextGen and now serves as a director on our Board. Under the Consulting Agreement, Mr. Kakarala serves as our consultant. The Consulting Agreement may be cancelled by either party, effective upon delivery of a written notice to the other party. Mr. Kakarala’s compensation pursuant to the Consulting Agreement is $5,000 per month.  DuringSEC within 120 days after the year ended December 31, 2017, we paid a total of $40,000 under the Consulting Agreement.2022.
Services Agreement
In connection with the NextGen Acquisition, on February 8, 2017, we entered into a Services Agreement with Halcyon, to provide development and support services to us. Mr. Kakarala currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Halcyon. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, we pay Halcyon hourly fees for specific services, set forth in the Services Agreement, and such fees may increase on an annual basis, provided that the rates may not be higher than 110% of the immediately preceding year’s rates. We reimburse Halcyon for any reasonable travel and pre-approved out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with its services to us. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we paid a total of $914,099 under the Services Agreement. For information relating to the NextGen Acquisition and Halcyon and payments made to Halcyon, see Business - Corporate History.
March 2017 Private Placement
On March 31, 2017, we completed the 2017 Private Placement of 620,000 shares of our Class B Common Stock at a price of $4.00 per share for aggregate proceeds of $2.48 million. We sold an additional 37,500 shares in connection with the 2017 Private Placement on April 30, 2017. Our officers and directors acquired 175,000 shares of Class B Common Stock in the 2017 Private Placement as follows: Mr. Chesrown – 62,500 shares, Mr. Berrard (through Berrard Holdings) – 62,500 shares, Mr. Pierce (through Pierce Family Trust) – 37,500 shares, and Mr. Westfall – 12,500 shares.   
2017 Bridge Note Financing
On September 5, 2017, the Company executed $1,650,000 (“Principal Amount”) of Senior Secured Promissory Notes (the “Notes”) in favor of several investors, including certain executive officers and directors of the Company. The Notes included an aggregate of $150,000 in original issue discount. Officers and directors held $1,214,144 of the Notes. On October 23, 2017, the Company completed a public offering and used $1,661,075 of the net proceeds of the offering for the repayment of the Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000, plus accrued interest, which resulted in the termination of the Notes. Officers and directors received in the aggregate principal amount of $1,218,122, plus accrued interest of $4,144. For the year ended December 31, 2017 interest on the officer and director Notes was $118,121, including $110,000 of debt discount amortization and is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following executive officers and directors participated in the Bridge Note financing in the principal amounts set forth below:
Name
 
Position
 
Principal Amount
 
 
Original Issue Discount
 
Steven R. Berrard (1)
 
CFO and Director
 $275,000 
 $25,000 
Denmar Dixon (2)
 
Director
 $275,000 
 $25,000 
Kartik Kakarla
 
Director
 $137,500 
 $12,500 
Mitch Pierce (3)
 
Director
 $275,000 
 $25,000 
_____________
(1) Through Berrard Holdings and through his spouse.
(2) Through Blue Flame Capital, LLC.
(3) Through Pierce Family Trust.

44
Related Party Transaction Policy
In May 2017, our Board adopted a formal policy that our executive officers, directors, holders of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, and any member of the immediate family of and any entity affiliated with any of the foregoing persons, are not permitted to enter into a related party transaction with us without the prior consent of the Audit Committee, or other independent members of our Board if it is inappropriate for the Audit Committee to review such transaction due to a conflict of interest. Any request for us to enter into a transaction with an executive officer, director, principal stockholder, or any of their immediate family members or affiliates, in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000 must first be presented to the Audit Committee for review, consideration and approval. In approving or rejecting any such proposal, the Audit Committee is to consider the relevant facts and circumstances available and deemed relevant to the audit committee, including, whether the transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction. Except for the Bridge Note financing, the related party transactions described above were entered into prior to the adoption of this policy.
Director Independence
Our Board has determined that all of our directors, other than Messrs. Chesrown, Berrard, and Kakarala, qualify as “independent” directors in accordance with the listing requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market. The NASDAQ independence definition includes a series of objective tests regarding a director’s independence and requires that the Board make an affirmative determination that a director has no relationship with us that would interfere with such director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.
Item 14. 
Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
Scharf Pera & Co., PLLC (“Scharf Pera”) has served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm since December 2016, and audited the financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.
The following table sets forth Scharf Pera’s fees for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Audit Fees (1)
 $63,635 
 $12,273(2)
Audit-Related Fees
  - 
  - 
Tax Fees
  - 
  - 
All Other Fees (3)
  20,032 
  - 
Total
 $83,667 
 $12,273 
_____________
(1)
Audit fees consist of fees paid to Scharf Pera during 2017 for the (i) audit of the Company’s year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (ii) review of the Company’s unaudited 2017 Quarterly financial statements. Scharf Pera billed no fees during the year ended December 31, 2016.
(2)
During the year ended December 31, 2016, Seale & Beers billed the Company an aggregate of $12,273 in audit fees.
(3)
All other fees consist of fees billed in 2017 for review of Registration Statements.48


Policy for Approval of Audit and Permitted Non-Audit Services
The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and related procedures requiring its pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services to be rendered by its independent registered public accounting firm. These policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the provision of such services do not impair the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence. These services may include audit services, audit related services, tax services and other services. The policy provides for the annual establishment of fee limits for various types of audit services, audit related services, tax services and other services, within which the services are deemed to be pre-approved by the Audit Committee. The independent registered public accounting firm is required to provide to the Audit Committee back up information with respect to the performance of such services.
All services provided by Scharf Pera during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approved by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has delegated to its Chair the authority to pre-approve services, up to a specified fee limit, to be rendered by the independent registered public accounting firm and requires that the Chair report to the Audit Committee any pre-approved decisions made by the Chair at the next scheduled meeting of the Audit Committee.

45
PART IV
Table of ContentsITEM 15.    EXHIBITS and FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
PART IV
Item 15. 
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)
We have filed the following documents as part of this Annual Report2022 Form 10-K:
1.The financial statements listed in the "Index to Financial Statements" on Form 10-K:
page F-1 are filed as part of this report.
2.Financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3.Exhibits included or incorporated herein: See below.
1.The financial statements listed in the “Index to Financial Statements” on page F-1 are filed as part of this report.
2.Financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3.Exhibits included or incorporated herein: See below.
Exhibit NumberDescription
Asset Purchase Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 26, 2018, by and among RumbleOn, Inc., RMBL Tennessee, LLC, Wholesale Holdings, Inc., Steven Brewster and Janet Brewster, Wholesale, LLC, and Steven Brewster as of January 8, 2017representative, and for limited purposes, Marshall Chesrown and Steven R. Berrard. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 31, 2018).
Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 29, 2018, by and among RumbleOn, Inc., RMBL Tennessee, LLC, Wholesale Holdings, Inc., Steven Brewster and Janet Brewster, Wholesale, LLC, and Steven Brewster as representative (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 31, 2018).
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated October 26, 2018, by and among RumbleOn, Inc. Steven Brewster, Justin Becker, and Steven Brewster as representative. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 31, 2018).
Plan of Merger and Equity Purchase Agreement, dated March 12, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 15, 2021).
Joinder and First Amendment to Plan of Merger and Equity Purchase Agreement, dated June 17, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 9, 2017)June 21, 2021).
AssignmentSecond Amendment to Plan of AssetMerger and Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2017July 20, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 in2.1 to the Company’s AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K,8-K, filed on February 14, 2017)July 27, 2021).
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 8, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 9, 2021).
Articles of Incorporation filed on October 24, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(a) in the Company’sCompany's Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed on March 20, 2014).
By-Laws, as Amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 in the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 14, 2017).
Amendment to the Amended Bylaws of RumbleOn, Inc., dated August 31, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 7, 2021).
Amended and Restated Bylaws of RumbleOn, Inc., dated October 8, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 8, 2021).
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, filed on February 13, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 in the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 14, 2017).
Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated February 8, 2017Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, filed on June 25, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 28, 2018).
Certificate of Designation for the Series B Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 31, 2018).
Certificate of Change (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 19, 2020).
Certificate of Amendment. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 in the Company’s AnnualQuarterly Report on Form 10-K,10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, filed on February 14, 2017)August 4, 2021).
Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 8, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 14, 2017).
Stockholder’s Agreement, dated October 24, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 28, 2016).
Sample Stock Certificate – Class B Common Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 in the Company’sCompany's Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed on September 27, 2017).
Form of Warrant to Purchase Class B Common Stock, dated October 18, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 in the Company’sCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 24, 2017).
49



Consulting Agreement,Warrant, dated February 8, 2017April 30, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34.1 in the Company’sCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 1, 2018).
Warrant to Purchase Class B Common Stock, dated October 30, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 31, 2018).
Indenture, dated January 14, 2020, between RumbleOn, Inc. and Wilmington Trust National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 16, 2020).
Form of 6.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2025 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.8) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 15, 2019).
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 14, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 15, 2019).
Description of Registrant's Securities (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 14, 2017)May 29, 2020).
Services Agreement,Warrant, dated February 8, 2017 (Portions of this Exhibit have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a request for Confidential treatment)March 12, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44.1 in the Company’s AnnualCompany's Current Report on Form 10-K,8-K, filed on February 14, 2017)March 15, 2021).
Data Confidentiality Agreement, dated February 8, 2017 (PortionsForm of thisWarrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit have been omitted and4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuantSEC on September 7, 2021).
First Amendment to a request for confidential treatment.)Warrant to Purchase Class B Common Stock, dated July 15, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 in10.1 to the Company’s AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K,8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2017)July 16, 2021).
#2017 RumbleOn, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan + (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’sCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 9, 2017).
#Form of Loan AgreementAmendment to the RumbleOn, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’sCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 21, 2016)May 22, 2019).
Smart Server, Inc. Form of Promissory Note Exchange & Subscription Agreement, dated January 10, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 16, 2020).
Form of Joinder & Amendment, dated January 10, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’sCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 21, 2016)January 16, 2020).
PromissoryForm of Investor Note Exchange Agreement, dated January 10, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 16, 2020).
Form of New Investor Note, dated July 13, 2016January 10, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 16, 2020).
Form of Security Agreement, dated January 14, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 16, 2020).
COVID-19 Stimulus Customer Agreement, dated May 1, 2020, by and between Wood & Huston Bank and RumbleOn, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’sCompany's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 19, 2016)May 7, 2020).
  46
Exhibit NumberDescription
Amendment to Promissory Note,COVID-19 Stimulus Customer Agreement, dated August 31, 2016May 1, 2020, by and between Wood & Huston Bank and Wholesale, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1110.2 in the Company’s AnnualCompany's Current Report on Form 10-K,8-K, filed on February 14, 2017)May 7, 2020).
Unconditional GuarantyCOVID-19 Stimulus Customer Agreement, dated May 1, 2020, by and between Wood & Huston Bank and Wholesale Express, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1210.3 in the Company’s AnnualCompany's Current Report on Form 10-K,8-K, filed on February 14, 2017)May 7, 2020).
Security AgreementPaycheck Protection Program Note, dated May 1, 2020, executed by RumbleOn, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1310.4 in the Company’s AnnualCompany's Current Report on Form 10-K,8-K, filed on February 14, 2017)May 7, 2020).
NextGen PromissoryPaycheck Protection Program Note, dated February 8,May 1, 2020, executed by Wholesale, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 7, 2020).
Paycheck Protection Program Note, dated May 1, 2020, executed by Wholesale Express, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 7, 2020).
#Amendment to the RumbleOn, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s QuarterlyCompany's Current Report on Form 10-Q,8-K, filed on May 15, 2017)August 26, 2020).
RumbleOn, Inc. Form ofSecured Promissory Note, dated March 12, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 15, 2021).
Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, dated March 12, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 15, 2021).
Amended and Restated Secured Promissory Note, dated April 8, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 5, 2017)8, 2021).
50



#Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement of RumbleOn, Inc., dated September 29, 2017 Stock Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, filed on August 4, 2021).
Credit Agreement, dated August 31, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 into the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 5, 2017)September 7, 2021).
Form of Senior Secured Promissory Note,First Supplemental Indenture, dated September 5, 2017 (IncorporatedAugust 31, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 11, 2017)7, 2021).
#Demand Promissory NoteExecutive Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2021, between Marshall Chesrown and Loan and Security Agreement, in favor of NextGear Capital,RumbleOn, Inc., dated November 2, 2017 (Incorporated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2021).
#Executive Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2021, between William Coulter and RumbleOn, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2021).
#Executive Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2021, between Mark Tkach and RumbleOn, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2021).
#Executive Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2021, between Peter Levy and RumbleOn, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2021).
#Executive Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2021, between Beverley Rath and RumbleOn, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2021).
Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, dated November 8, 2021 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 into the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 8, 2017)9, 2021).
Corporate Guaranty, in favor of NextGear Capital, Inc., dated November 2, 2017. (Included in Exhibit 10.15)Subsidiaries*
SubsidiariesConsent of Grant Thornton LLP*
Consent of Scharf Pera & Co., PLLC.
FORVIS, LLP (formerly Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP)*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
CertificationCertifications of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
CertificationCertifications of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.*
101.SCGXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.*
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.*
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.*
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.*
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.*
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)*
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
#Management Compensatory Plan

*Furnished herewith
+Management Compensatory Plan
ItemITEM 16.    
FormFORM 10-K Summary.
SUMMARY.
Registrants may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Form 10-K under this Item 16. The Company has elected not to include such summary information.

51

47

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

RumbleOn, Inc.
RumbleOn, Inc.
Date: February 27, 2018By:  
/s/ Marshall Chesrown
Date: March 16, 2023By:/s/ Marshall Chesrown
Marshall Chesrown
Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SignatureTitleDate
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ Marshall Chesrown
Chairman of the Board of Directors andFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Marshall Chesrown
Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Steven R. Berrard
Blake Lawson
Director and Chief Financial OfficerFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Steven R. BerrardBlake Lawson(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Denmar Dixon
Adam Alexander
DirectorFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Denmar DixonAdam Alexander
/s/ Richard A. Gray, Jr.
Shin Lee
DirectorFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Richard A. Gray, Jr.Shin Lee
/s/ Kartik Kakarala
Peter Levy
DirectorFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Kartik KakaralaPeter Levy
/s/ Mitch Pierce
Michael Marchlik
DirectorFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Mitch PierceMichael Marchlik
/s/ Keven Wetfall
Kevin Westfall
DirectorFebruary 27, 2018March 16, 2023
Kevin Westfall

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IndexIndex to Financial Statements
FF--22
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (FORVIS, LLP (formerly Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP), Charlotte, North Carolina, PCAOB Firm ID No. 686)
 F-3
F-6
F-4
F-7
 F-5
F-8
 F-6
F-9
 F-7
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Table of Contents

RumbleOn, Inc. Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Stockholders of RumbleOn, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statementsfinancial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RumbleOn, Inc. (a Nevada corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and2022, the related consolidated statements of income,operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended December 31, 2017,2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, thefinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Companyas of December 31, 2017 and 2016,2022, and the results of itsoperations and itscash flows for each of the two years in the periodyear ended December 31, 2017,2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 16, 2023 expressed an adverse opinion.
Basis for Opinion
opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Impairment of goodwill and franchise rights of Powersports Reporting Unit
As described further in note 8 to the financial statements, the Company performed impairment testing of goodwill and franchise rights of the Powersports reporting unit. As a result of performing the impairment tests, the Company recorded $218.6 million of goodwill impairment expense and $105.6 million of impairment expense associated with the Company’s franchise rights. The Company estimates the fair values of its reporting units using a combination of discounted cash flow analysis and market-based valuation methodologies. Management utilized a third-party valuation firm to assist with determining the estimated fair values used in the aforementioned impairment tests.
The principal consideration for our determination that impairment of goodwill and franchise rights of the Powersports reporting unit is a critical audit matter is the degree of auditor judgment required to assess the reasonableness of key inputs to valuation models used by management to estimate these fair values. Specifically, the key inputs which we determined required especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments included: (1) forecasted cash flows of the Powersports reporting unit and the attribution of those cash flows to certain assets of the reporting unit, (2) the implied control premium and (3) discount rates used to estimate the present values of the Powersport reporting unit’s forecasted cash flows. Performing audit procedures to evaluate management’s assumptions required the need to involve valuation specialists.
F-2



Our audit procedures related to the impairment of goodwill and franchise rights of the Powersports reporting unit included the following, among others:
We tested the design and operating effectiveness of relevant controls relating to management’s preparation and review of the forecasted cash flows and the discount rate applied, and review of the methodologies applied by third-party valuation specialists engaged by the Company.
We assessed the reasonableness of forecasted cash flows by comparing the forecasted cash flows with historical results and the Company’s budget.
With the assistance of a valuation specialist:
We evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rate applied to forecasted cash flows.
We evaluated the reasonableness of attribution of the Company’s forecasted cash flows to various asset classes necessary to compute the fair value of the Company’s franchise rights.
We evaluated the reasonableness of the implied control premium by comparing to a range of control premiums observed from similar transactions.
Valuation of Acquired Franchise Rights Intangible Assets

As described further in note2 to the financial statements, the Company closed the acquisition of the Freedom Powersports business on February 18, 2022. Additionally, in 2022 the Company completed its business combination accounting related to the Company’s acquisition of the RideNow business, which closed on August 31, 2021. The value of acquired franchise rights was $39.7 million for Freedom Powersports and $296.5 million for RideNow. Business combination accounting requires management to estimate the acquisition date fair values of the consideration exchanged and to record acquired assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The Company utilized a third-party valuation firm to assist management in estimating the fair value measurements.
The principal consideration for our determination that the valuation of the acquired franchise rights intangible assetsis a critical audit matter is the degree of judgment necessary to determine if key inputs to valuation models used by management to estimate the fair values of the acquired franchise rights intangible assets were reasonable in the circumstance. Specifically, those key inputs which we determined to require especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments included: 1) forecasted cash flows attributable to the acquired franchise rights for each acquisition, and 2) the discount rate applied to those net cash flows to measure the estimated fair values of the acquired franchise rights. Performing audit procedures to evaluate management’s assumptions required the need to involve valuation specialists.
Our audit procedures related to the valuation of acquired franchise rights referenced above included the following, among others:
We tested the design and operating effectiveness of relevant controls relating to management’s preparation and review of the forecasted cash flows and the discount rate applied, and review of the methodologies applied by third-party valuation specialists engaged by the Company.
We assessed the reasonableness of the forecasted cash flows by comparing the forecasted cash flows with historical results.
With the assistance of a valuation specialist, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rates applied to forecasted cash flows.

/s/ Scharf Pera & Co., PLLCGRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 20162022.
Dallas, Texas
March 16, 2023
F-3



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Shareholders
RumbleOn, Inc.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RumbleOn, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ FORVIS LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2021 to 2022.

Charlotte, North Carolina
April 8, 2022
February 27, 2018
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Shareholders
RumbleOn, Inc.
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of RumbleOn, Inc. (a Nevada corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described in the following paragraphs on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management’s assessment.
The Company did not have a sufficient number of accounting resources with assigned responsibilities and accountability for the design and operation of internal controls over financial reporting following the integration of the RideNow business and incorporation of the acquired business into the Company’s control environment. As a consequence, the Company did not

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F-2
effectively operate process-level control activities related to elimination of intercompany transactions, review and approval of certain reconciliations, accounting estimates, accounting for non-routine transactions and management review controls.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. The material weakness identified above was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2022 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated March 16, 2023 which expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Our audit of, and opinion on, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not include the internal control over financial reporting of Freedom Powersports, LLC and Freedom Powersports Real Estate, LLC (collectively, the “Freedom Entities”), a wholly-owned subsidiary, whose financial statements reflect total assets and revenues constituting approximately 12 and 11 percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. As indicated in Management’s Report, the Freedom Entities were acquired during 2022. Management’s assertion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting excluded internal control over financial reporting of the Freedom Entities.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON
Dallas, Texas
March 16, 2023
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Table of Contents

RumbleOn,RumbleOn, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2017 and 2016(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
 $9,170,652 
 $1,350,580 
Accounts receivable, net
  577,107 
  - 
Inventory
  2,834,666 
  - 
Prepaid expense
  308,880 
  1,667 
Total current assets
  12,891,305 
  1,352,247 
 
    
    
Property and equipment, net
  3,360,832 
  - 
Goodwill
  1,850,000 
  - 
Other assets
  50,693 
  45,515 
Total assets
 $18,152,830 
 $1,397,762 
 
    
    
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
    
    
 
    
    
Current liabilities:
    
    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 $1,179,216 
 $219,101 
Accrued interest payable
  33,954 
  - 
Current portion of long-term debt
  1,081,593 
  - 
Total current liabilities
  2,294,763 
  219,101 
 
    
    
Long term liabilities:
    
    
Note payable
  1,459,410 
  1,282 
Accrued interest payable - related party
  32,665 
  5,508 
Deferred tax liability
  - 
  78,430 
Total long-term liabilities
  1,492,075 
  85,220 
 
    
    
Total liabilities
  3,786,838 
  304,321 
 
    
    
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 4, 5, 7, 12, 13)
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
Stockholders’ equity:
    
    
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
  - 
  - 
Common A stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and none outstanding at December 31, 2016
  1,000 
  - 
Common B stock, $0.001 par value, 99,000,000 shares authorized, 11,928,541 and 6,400,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016
  11,929 
  6,400 
Additional paid in capital
  23,372,360 
  1,534,015 
Subscriptions receivable
  - 
  (1,000)
Accumulated deficit
  (9,019,297)
  (445,974)
Total stockholders’ equity
  14,365,992 
  1,093,441 
 
    
    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 $18,152,830 
 $1,397,762 
December 31,
20222021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash$48,579 $48,974 
Restricted cash10,000 3,000 
Accounts receivable, net33,758 40,166 
Inventory331,721 201,666 
Prepaid expense and other current assets7,424 6,335 
Total current assets431,482 300,141 
Property and equipment, net76,078 21,417 
Right-of-use assets161,822 133,112 
Goodwill21,142 260,922 
Intangible assets, net247,413 302,066 
Deferred tax assets58,115 — 
Other assets31,158 10,091 
Total assets$1,027,210 $1,027,749 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and other current liabilities$82,618 $77,317 
Vehicle floor plan note payable225,431 97,278 
Current portion of senior secured debt, convertible debt, and notes payable3,645 4,476 
Total current liabilities311,694 179,071 
Long -term liabilities:
Senior secured note317,494 253,438 
Convertible debt, net31,890 29,242 
Line of credit and notes payable25,000 150 
Operating lease liabilities126,695 114,687 
Deferred tax liabilities— 7,586 
Other long-term liabilities8,422 11,930 
Total long-term liabilities509,501 417,033 
Total liabilities821,195 596,104 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21)
Stockholders' equity:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, 50,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 16,184,264 and 14,882,022 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively1615
Additional paid in capital585,937550,055
Accumulated deficit(375,619)(114,106)
Class B stock in treasury, at cost, 123,089 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2021(4,319)(4,319)
Total stockholders' equity206,015431,645
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$1,027,210 $1,027,749 
See Accompanying Notesaccompanying notes to Financial Statements.
consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

RumbleOn,RumbleOn, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
For the Years Ended December 31,
20222021
Revenue:
Vehicles sales
     Powersports$1,033,919 $323,303 
     Automotive334,273 460,888 
Parts, service and accessories247,562 66,969 
Vehicle logistics54,038 43,878 
Finance and insurance, net123,576 29,133 
Total revenue1,793,368 924,171 
Cost of revenue:
Powersports839,768264,872
Automotive323,423430,142
Parts, service and accessories135,35836,702
Vehicle logistics42,16034,278
Total cost of revenue1,340,709765,994
Gross profit452,659158,177
Selling, general and administrative366,387164,077
Impairment of goodwill and franchise rights350,315
Insurance recovery(3,135)
Depreciation and amortization23,0796,103
Operating loss(287,122)(8,868)
Interest expense(53,868)(16,405)
Other income4,331 — 
Change in derivative liability39 (8,799)
Forgiveness of PPP Loan2,509 2,682 
Loss before income taxes(334,111)(31,390)
Income tax benefit(72,598)(21,665)
Net loss$(261,513)$(9,725)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and fully diluted15,871,0056,920,318
Loss per share – basic and fully diluted$(16.48)$(1.41)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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RumbleOn, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
For the Two Years Ended December 31, 20172022 and 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue:
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Pre-owned vehicle sales
 $7,020,070 
 $- 
Other sales and revenue
  159,230 
  - 
Subscription fees
  126,602 
  - 
Total Revenue
  7,305,902 
  - 
 
    
    
Expenses:
    
    
Cost of revenue
  7,027,793 
  - 
Selling, general and administrative
  7,586,999 
  211,493 
Depreciation and amortization
  668,467 
  1,900 
Total expenses
  15,283,259 
  213,393 
 
    
    
Operating loss
  (7,977,357)
  (213,393)
 
    
    
Interest expense
  595,966 
  11,698 
 
    
    
Net loss before benefit for income taxes
  (8,573,323)
  (225,091)
 
    
    
Benefit for income taxes
  - 
  513 
 
    
    
Net loss
 $(8,573,323)
 $(224,578)
 
    
    
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and fully diluted
  9,917,584 
  5,581,370 
 
    
    
Net loss per share - basic and fully diluted
 $(0.86)
 $(0.04)
Class A Common SharesClass B Common SharesAdditional Paid in
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Common B SharesTotal
Stockholders'
Equity
(Deficit)
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, December 31, 202050,000 $— 2,191,633 $$108,949 $(104,381)— $— $4,570 
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost— — 6,102,027 191,235 — — — 191,241 
Issuance of common stock for restricted stock units— — 878,118 (1)— — — — 
Issuance of common stock in acquisition— — 5,833,333 200,953 — — — 200,959 
Treasury stock purchases— — (123,089)— — — 123,089 (4,319)(4,319)
Issuance of warrant    — — — — 19,700 — — — 19,700 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 29,219 — — — 29,219 
Net loss— — — — — (9,725)— — (9,725)
Balance, December 31, 202150,000 — 14,882,022 15 550,055 (114,106)123,089 (4,319)431,645 
Issuance of common stock for restricted stock units— — 255,970 — — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock in acquisition— — 1,048,718 26,510 — — — 26,511 
Shares cancelled in connection with Freedom acquisition— — (2,446)— — — — — — 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 9,372 — — — 9,372 
Net loss— — — — — (261,513)— — (261,513)
Balance, December 31, 202250,000 $— 16,184,264 $16 $585,937 $(375,619)123,089 $(4,319)$206,015 
See Accompanying Notesaccompanying notes to Financial Statements.
consolidated financial statements.

F-8
F-4

Table of Contents

RumbleOn,RumbleOn, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
For the Two Years Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
Preferred Shares
 
 
Common A Shares
 
 
Common B Shares
 
 
Additional Paid in
 
 
Subscriptions
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
Total Stockholder's
 
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Capital
 
 
Receivable
 
 
Deficit
 
 
Equity (Deficit)
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
  - 
 $- 
  - 
 $- 
  5,500,000 
 $5,500 
 $64,500 
 $(5,000)
 $(221,396)
 $(156,396)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Cash received for subscription receivable
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
 $5,000 
  - 
  5,000 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Donated capital
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  2,000 
  - 
  - 
  2,000 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of common stock
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  900,000 
  900 
  1,349,100 
  (1,000)
  - 
  1,349,000 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Beneficial conversion feature, net of deferred taxes
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  118,415 
  - 
  - 
  118,415 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net loss
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (224,578)
  (224,578)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Balance, December 31, 2016
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  6,400,000 
 $6,400 
 $1,534,015 
 $(1,000)
 $(445,974)
 $1,093,441 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Exchange of common stock
  - 
  - 
  1,000,000 
  1,000 
  (1,000,000)
  (1,000)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,523,809 
  1,524 
  2,665,142 
  - 
  - 
  2,666,666 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of stock in private placements
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  657,500 
  658 
  2,629,342 
  - 
  - 
  2,630,000 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of common stock in connection with loan Agreement
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,161,920 
  1,162 
  1,348,878 
  - 
  - 
  1,350,040 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of common stock in connection with conversion of a Note Payable-related Party, net of debt discount
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  275,312 
  275 
  284,639 
  - 
  - 
  284,914 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity offering
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  2,910,000 
  2,910 
  14,407,321 
  1,000 
  - 
  14,411,231 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Stock-based compensation
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  503,023 
  - 
  - 
  503,023 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net loss
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (8,573,323)
  (8,573,323)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Balance, December 31, 2017
  - 
 $- 
  1,000,000 
 $1,000 
  11,928,541 
 $11,929 
 $23,372,360 
  - 
 $(9,019,297)
 $14,365,992 
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
F-5
RumbleOn, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Two Years Ended December 31, 20172022 and 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 $(8,573,323)
 $(224,578)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
    
    
Depreciation and amortization
  668,467 
  1,900 
Amortization of debt discount
  276,076 
  1,282 
Interest expense on conversion of debt
  196,076 
  - 
Share based compensation expense
  503,023 
  - 
Impairment of asset
  - 
  792 
Increase in deferred tax liability
  - 
  (513)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
    
    
Increase in prepaid expenses
  (307,213)
  (1,667)
Increase in inventory
  (2,834,666)
  - 
Increase in accounts receivable
  (577,107)
  - 
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  960,115 
  210,302 
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable
  70,237 
  (7,494)
Increase in other assets
  (5,178)
  - 
 
    
    
Net cash used in operating activities
 $(9,623,493)
 $(19,976)
 
    
    
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
    
    
Cash used for acquisitions
  (750,000)
  - 
Technology development
  (506,786)
  - 
Purchase of other assets
  - 
  (45,515)
Purchase of property and equipment
  (622,512)
  - 
Net cash used in investing activities
  (1,879,298)
  (45,515)
 
    
    
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
    
    
Proceeds from note payable
  3,248,593 
  214,358 
Repayments for notes payable
  (1,650,000)
  (158,000)
Proceeds from sale of common stock
  17,724,270 
  1,354,000 
Donated capital
  - 
  2,000 
Net cash provided by financing activities
  19,322,863 
  1,412,358 
 
    
    
NET CHANGE IN CASH
  7,820,072 
  1,346,867 
 
    
    
CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD
  1,350,580 
  3,713 
 
    
    
CASH AT END OF PERIOD
 $9,170,652 
 $1,350,580 
20222021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss$(261,513)$(9,725)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization23,079 6,103 
Amortization of debt discount6,383 4,386 
Forgiveness of PPP Loan(2,509)(2,682)
Stock based compensation expense9,372 29,219 
Impairment loss on goodwill and franchise rights350,315 — 
Loss (gain) from change in value of derivatives(39)8,799 
Deferred taxes(76,637)(22,545)
Originations of loan receivables, net of principal payments received(27,934)— 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable5,913 (9,756)
Inventory(102,323)(53,226)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(248)(1,102)
Other assets284 (4,528)
Other liabilities1,606 4,748 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(4,904)3,013 
Floor plan trade note borrowings60,268 15,119 
Net cash used in operating activities(18,887)(32,177)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Cash used for acquisitions; net of cash received(69,584)(371,314)
Technology development(7,003)(1,871)
Purchase of property and equipment(5,617)(5,646)
Net cash used in investing activities(82,204)(378,831)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from new secured debt84,500 261,451 
Repayments of debt and mortgage notes(49,235)— 
Repayments of issuance of notes(2,117)(10,413)
Increase in borrowings from non-trade floor plans49,548 17,187 
Proceeds from RumbleOn Finance (“ROF”) credit facility for the purchase of consumer finance loans25,000 — 
Net proceeds from sale of common stock— 191,241 
Net cash provided by financing activities107,696 459,466 
NET CHANGE IN CASH6,605 48,458 
CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD51,974 3,516 
CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD$58,579 $51,974 
See Accompanying accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9



Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements

F-6
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Notes to Financial Statements
NOTE 1 –DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
OrganizationRumbleOn is the nation's first, largest, and only publicly-traded, technology-based platform in the powersports industry. Headquartered in the Dallas Metroplex, RumbleOn is revolutionizing the customer experience for outdoor enthusiasts across the country and making powersport vehicles accessible to more people in more places than ever before. We are transforming the powersports customer experience by giving consumers what they want - a wide selection, great value and quality, transparency, and an easy, friction-free transaction. Every element of our business, from inventory procurement to fulfillment to overall ease of transactions, whether online or on-site at one of our 55 retail locations, has been built for a singular purpose – to create a customer experience without peer in the powersports industry.
Although our primary focus is on the customer experience and building market share in the powersports industry, during 2022 we participated in the wholesale automotive industry through our wholly-owned distributors of used automotive inventory, Wholesale, Inc. ("Wholesale Inc") and our exotics retailer AutoSport USA, Inc., which does business under the name Got Speed. In the third quarter of 2022, we announced we would be winding down our wholesale automotive business, which we expect to complete during the first half of 2023. Our logistics services company, Wholesale Express, LLC ("Wholesale Express"), provides freight brokerage services facilitating transportation for dealers and consumers.
On August 31, 2021 (the “RideNow Closing Date”), RumbleOn, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in October 2013 undercompleted its business combination with RideNow Powersports, the laws of the State of Nevada, as Smart Server, Inc.nation's largest powersports retailer group (“Smart Server”RideNow”). On February 13, 2017,18, 2022 (the “Freedom Closing Date”), the Company changedcompleted its name from Smart Server, Inc.acquisition of Freedom Powersports, LLC (“Freedom Powersports”) and Freedom Powersports Real Estate, LLC (“Freedom Powersports - RE”) and together with Freedom Powersports, the “Freedom Entities”), a retailer group with 13 locations in Texas, Georgia, and Alabama (refer to RumbleOn, Inc.Note 2 - Acquisitions).
In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company disclosed its plan to explore strategic alternatives for its automotive business.The Company is now expecting to wind down the wholesale automotive business during the first half of 2023.
DescriptionBasis of BusinessPresentation
Smart Server was originally formed to engage inThe consolidated financial statements include the business of designing and developing mobile application payment software for smart phones and tablet computers. After Smart Server ceased its technology development activities in 2014, it had no operations and nominal assets, meeting the definition of a “shell company” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and regulations thereunder.
In July 2016, Berrard Holdings Limited Partnership (“Berrard Holdings”) acquired 99.5% of the common stockaccounts of the Company from the principal stockholder. Shortly after the Berrard Holdings common stock purchase, the Company began exploring the development of a capital light e-commerce platform facilitating the ability of both consumers and dealers to Buy-Sell-Trade-Finance pre-owned recreation vehiclesits wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in one online location. The Company’s goal is for the platform to be widely recognized as the leading online solution for the sale, acquisition, and distribution of recreation vehicles by providing users with the most efficient, timely and transparent experience.
The Company’s business plan is currently driven by a technology platform it acquired on February 8, 2017 from NextGen Dealer Solutions, LLC (“NextGen”), which the Company owns and operates through its wholly-owned subsidiary NextGen Pro, LLC (“NextGen Pro”). The NextGen platform provides vehicle appraisal, inventory management, customer relationship management and lead management, equity mining, and other key services necessary to drive the online marketplace. For additional information, see Note 2— “Acquisitions.”
Serving both consumers and dealers, through our online marketplace platform, we make cash offers for the purchase of pre-owned vehicles. In addition, we offer a large inventory of pre-owned vehicles for sale along with third-party financing and associated products. Our operations are designed to be scalable by working through an infrastructure and capital light model that is achievable by virtue of a synergistic relationship with regional partners. We utilize regional partners in the acquisition of pre-owned vehicles as well as to provide inspection, reconditioning and distribution services. Correspondingly, we earn fees and transaction income, and regional partners will earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales, leads, and fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs.
Year end
In October 2016, the Company changed its fiscal year-end from November 30 to December 31.
Use of Estimates
consolidation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAPU.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, and liabilities, revenuerevenues and expenses and related disclosuresthe disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, inventory valuation, depreciable lives, carrying value of intangible assets, sales returns, receivables valuation, restructuring-related liabilities, taxes, and contingencies.liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. Amounts and percentages may not total due to rounding.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The Company followsconsiders all cash accounts and all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash or cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260-Earnings per share. Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) calculations are determined by dividingCompany did not have any investments with maturities less than three months. At times, the Company has cash balances in domestic bank accounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these cash concentrations. The Company only uses highly rated financial institutions to hold its cash deposits.
Restricted Cash
Amounts included in restricted cash primarily represent the deposits required under the Company's short-term revolving facilities and any undistributed amounts collected on the finance receivables pledged under the Company's finance receivable facilities as explained in Note 10- Notes Payable and Lines of Credit.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculations are determined by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common sharesan allowance for doubtful accounts, includes certain amounts due from third-party finance providers and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding. During periods when common stock equivalents, if any, are anti-dilutive they are not considered in the computation.
F-7
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is derived from two primary sources: (1) the Company’s online marketplace, which is our largest source of revenue and includes: (i) the sale of pre-owned vehicles through consumer and dealer sales channels; (ii) vehicle financing; (iii) vehicle service contracts; and (iv) retail merchandise sales and (2) subscriptioncustomers, and other fees relating to the RumbleOn software solution, which includes: (i) a vehicle appraisal process; (ii) inventory management system; (iii) customer relationship and lead management program; (iv) equity mining (v) implementation; and (vi) training.
miscellaneous receivables.The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) thereallowance for doubtful accounts is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (ii) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (iii) the amount to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (iv) the collection of the Company’s payment is probable.
Pre-owned Vehicle Sales
The Company sells pre-owned vehicles to consumers and dealers primarily through our website or regional auctions. The source of these vehicles is primarily from the Company’s cash offer to buy program and customers who trade-in their existing vehicles when making a pre-owned vehicle purchase. Revenue from pre-owned vehicle sales is recognized when the vehicle is delivered, a sales contract is signed, and the purchase price has either been received or collectability has been established, net of a reserve for returns. We allow the customer to return the vehicles we sell with a 3-day, money-back guarantee. Pre-owned vehicle sales revenue is recognized net of a reserve for returns, which isestimated based on historical experience and trends.
Retail Merchandise Sales
Accounts receivable, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, includes certain amounts due from customers. The Company sells brandedestimates the allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable by considering a number
F-10



of factors, including overall credit quality, age of outstanding balances, historical write-off experience and other merchandisespecific account analysis that projects the ultimate collectability of the outstanding balances. Ultimately, actual results could differ from these assumptions.
Property and accessoriesEquipment
Property and equipment is stated at eventscost less accumulated depreciation and recognizes sales revenue, netamortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of sales taxes at the time it sells the merchandise or in the case of online sales when the merchandise is delivered to the customer and payment has been received.
Vehicle Financing
Consumers can pay for their vehicle using cashasset’s estimated useful life or the Company offers a range of finance options through unrelated third-parties such as banks or credit unions. These third-party providers generally pay the Company a fee either in a flat amount or in an amount equal to the difference between the interest rates charged to customers over the predetermined interest rates set by the financial institution. The Company may be charged back for commissions in the event a contract is prepaid, defaulted upon, or terminated. Revenue for these finance fees are recognized upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer, when the sales contract is signed, and the financing has been arranged.lease term, if applicable.
Vehicle Service Contracts
At the time of vehicle sale, the Company provides customers, on behalf of unrelated third parties who are the primary obligors, a range of other related products and services, including extended protection plan products and vehicle appearance protection. Extended protection plan products include extended service plans that are designed to cover unexpected expenses associated with mechanical breakdowns and guaranteed asset protection, which is intended to cover the unpaid balance on a vehicle loan in the event of a total loss of the vehicle or unrecovered theft. Vehicle appearance protection includes products aimed at maintaining vehicle appearance. The Company receives commissions from the sale of these product and service contracts and has no contractual liability to customers for claims under these products. The extended protection plan and vehicle appearance protection currently offered to consumers provide coverage up to 60 months (subject to mileage limitations), while guaranteed asset protection covers the customer for the term of their finance contract. 
Commission revenue on vehicle sales contracts is recognized at the time of sale, net of a reserve for estimated contract cancellations. The reserve for cancellations is estimated based upon historical industry experience and recent trends and is reflected as a reduction of Other sales revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and a component of Accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our risk related to contract cancellations is limited to the commission revenue that we receive. 
Subscription Fees
Subscription fees are generated from dealer partners, under a license arrangement that provides access to our software solution and ongoing support. Unless waived by the Company dealers pay a monthly subscription fee for access to and ongoing support for portions of the RumbleOn software solution which includes: (i) a vehicle appraisal process; (ii) inventory management system; (iii) customer relationship and lead management program; and (iv) equity mining. Dealers may also be charged an initial software installation and training fee. Dealers do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software and may cancel the license for these products and services by providing a 30-day notice. Installation and training do not have value to the user without the license and ongoing support and maintenance. Revenue for installation and training is recognized when complete, acceptance has occurred, and collectability of a determinable amount is probable. Because a dealer has the right to cancel the license with 30 days’ notice revenue recognition of monthly subscription fees commences upon completion of installation, acceptance has occurred, and collectability of a determinable amount is probable.
F-8
Purchase Accounting for Business Combinations
The Company accounts for acquisitions by allocating the fair value of the consideration transferred to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of the acquisition and any remaining difference is recorded as goodwill. Adjustments may be made to the preliminary purchase price allocation when facts and circumstances that existed on the date of the acquisition surface during the allocation period subsequent to the preliminary purchase price allocation, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition. Contingent consideration is recorded at fair value based on the facts and circumstances on the date of the acquisition and any subsequent changes in the fair value are recorded through earnings each reporting period.
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment at least annually. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year. Goodwill will also be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component). A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available, and management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. The Company has concluded that currently it has one reporting unit. Goodwill is being amortized for income tax purposes over a 15-year period.
We performed our test for impairment at the end of the fourth quarter of 2017 using a two-step quantitative process. Under the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and step two of the impairment test (measurement) must be performed. Step two of the impairment test, if necessary, requires the estimation of the fair value for the assets and liabilities of a reporting unit in order to calculate the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined by management and includes the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Fair value can be determined by utilizing a combination of valuation methods, including EBITDA and revenue multiples (market approach) and the present value of discounted cash flows (income approach). Management utilized the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow technique as a means for estimating fair value. This discounted cash flow analysis requires various assumptions including those about future cash flows, transactional and customer growth rates and discount rates. Expected cash flows will be based on historical customer growth and the growth in transactions, including attrition, future strategic initiatives and continued long-term growth of the business. The discount rates used for the analysis will reflect a weighted average cost of capital based on industry and capital structure adjusted for equity risk and size risk premiums. These estimates can be affected by factors such as customer and transaction growth, pricing, and economic conditions that can be difficult to predict. There was no impairment of Goodwill as of December 31, 2017. In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance, ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the test for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance simplifies subsequent goodwill measurement by eliminating Step two from the goodwill impairment test. The Company will adopt this guidance for periods after January 1, 2018. For additional information, see Note 1 “Recent Pronouncements.”
Other Assets
Included in “Other assets” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are amounts related to acquired internet domain names which are considered to be an indefinite lived intangible assets. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment, at a minimum, on an annual basis using an income approach or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired. There was no impairment of indefinite lived assets as of December 31, 2017.
Long-Lived Assets
Estimated Useful LivesLife
Buildings25 years
Leasehold Improvements15 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment3-15 years
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. RecoverabilityImpairments are recognized when the sum of assets to be held and used are measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future netundiscounted estimated cash flows expected to be generated byresult from the use of the asset is less than the carrying value of the asset. If such assets or asset groupsCosts of significant additions, renewals, and betterments, are consideredcapitalized and depreciated. Maintenance and repairs are charged to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized will be measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets or asset groups exceeds the related fair values. The Company also performs a periodic assessment of the useful lives assigned to the long-lived assets.
F-9
expense when incurred. See Note 6 — Property and Equipment, Net for additional information on property and equipment.
Technology Development Costs
Technology development costs are accounted for pursuant to ASCAccounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles — - Goodwill and Other. Technology development costs include internally developed software and website applications that are used by the Company for its own internal use and to provide services to its customers, which include consumers, dealer partners and ancillary service providers. Under the terms of these customer arrangements the Company retains the revenue generating technology and hosts the applications on its servers and mobile applications. The customer does not have a contractual right to take possession of the software during the term of the arrangement and are not permitted to run the software itself or contract with another party unrelated to the entity to host the software. Technology development costs consist principally of (i) development activities including payroll and related expenses billed by a third-party contractor involved in application, content, production, maintenance, operation, and platform development for new and existing products and services, (ii) technology infrastructure expenses, and (iii) costs of Company employees devoted to the development and maintenance of software products. Technology and content costs for design, maintenance and post-implementation stages of internal-use software and general website development are expensed as incurred. For costs incurred to develop new website functionality as well as new software products and significant upgrades to existing internally used platforms or modules, capitalization begins during the application development stage and ends when the software is available for general use. Capitalized technology development is amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 3three to 7five years. The Company will perform periodic assessment of the useful lives assigned to capitalized software applications. Additionally,
Accounting for Business Combinations
Total consideration transferred for acquisitions is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition. This purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to intangible assets and other fair value adjustments with respect to certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

We use the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including franchise rights. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. We base our assumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, etc. We base the discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition on the time value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. We believe the estimated purchased franchise rights and non-compete intangible asset amounts so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third-party would pay for the assets.
On August 31, 2021, the Company from time-to-time may abandon additional development activities relating to specific software projects or applicationscompleted its acquisition of RideNow. The Company finalized its accounting for consideration transferred, assets acquired, and charge accumulated costs to technology development expenseliabilities assumed in the third quarter of 2022; all adjustments were recorded
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within the measurement period, such determinationthat ended on August 31, 2022. Total goodwill acquired as part of the RideNow acquisition was $207,675.
On February 18, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of the Freedom Entities. Consideration transferred for acquired assets and liabilities assumed has been recorded on a provisional basis as of December 31, 2022. Total goodwill acquired as part of the Freedom Entities acquisition was $29,099.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Intangible assets are recognized and recorded at their acquisition date fair values. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of franchise rights, and definite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of non-compete agreements, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the relevant contractual terms. Goodwill and intangible assets are tested for impairment annually as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. We have three reportable segments and reporting units as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting and goodwill testing: (1) powersports, (2) automotive and (3) vehicle logistics.
Management analyzes goodwill and intangible assets associated with these segments for potential impairment. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine if it is made.more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. However, if based on the qualitative assessment we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if we elect to bypass the optional qualitative assessment as provided for under GAAP, we proceed with performing the quantitative impairment test.
Fair value estimates used in the quantitative impairment test are calculated using a combination of the income and market approaches. The income approach is based on the present value of future cash flows of each reporting unit, while the market approach is based on certain multiples of selected guideline public companies or selected guideline transactions. The approaches incorporate a number of market participant assumptions including future growth rates, discount rates, income tax rates and market activity in assessing fair value and are reporting unit specific. If the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. We recognize any impairment loss in operating income.
Vehicle InventoryThe fair value measurement associated with the quantitative goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets test is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Significant changes in the underlying assumptions used to value goodwill and franchise rights could significantly increase or decrease the fair value estimates used for impairment assessments.
As disclosed in Note 8, the Company performed its annual goodwill and franchise rights impairment test on October 1, 2022 and subsequently updated its quantitative impairment test as of December 31, 2022 because a triggering event was identified due to declines in the Company’s market capitalization and other factors occurring in the fourth quarter of 2022. Impairment amounts recognized in the Company’s 2022 annual financial statements represent aggregate impairment charges recognized from both the October 1 and December 31, 2022 quantitative impairment tests.
Vehicle inventoryIn connection with its fourth quarter 2022 goodwill impairment test, the Company recognized noncash goodwill impairment charges of $26,039 to the Company’s automotive reporting unit and $218,646 to the Company’s powersports reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2022. The estimated fair value of the Company’s vehicle logistics reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and no impairment was required. The company also recognized noncash franchise rights impairment charges of $105,630 to the Company’s powersports reporting unit resulting from its fourth quarter 2022 impairment tests.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is accounteda lease at inception by evaluating if the asset is explicitly or implicitly identified or distinct, if the Company will receive substantially all of the economic benefit or if the lessor has an economic benefit and the ability to substitute the asset. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for pursuantthe lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to ASC 330, Inventory make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company assesses whether the lease is an operating or finance lease at its inception. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. To calculate the present value, the Company uses the implicit rate in the lease when readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is based on collateralized borrowings of similar assets with terms that approximate the lease term when available and when
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collateralized rates are not available, it uses uncollateralized rates with similar terms adjusted for the fact that it is an unsecured rate. The operating lease ROU asset is the initial lease liability adjusted for any prepayments, initial indirect costs incurred by the Company, and lease incentives. The Company's operating leases are included in right-of-use assets, current portion lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company's finance leases are included in property and equipment and financing lease liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Other Assets
Other assets consist of various items, including long-term finance receivables, debt issuance costs associated with lines of credit, lease deposits, and other long-term assets.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of various items payable within one year, including, among other items, accruals for capital expenditures, sales tax, compensation and benefits, vehicle licenses and fees, interest expense, reserves for returns and cancellations, and advertising expenses.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue consists primarily of pre-owned and wholesale vehicle sales as well as vehicle logistics and transportation services. See Note 3 – Revenue for additional information on our significant accounting policies related to revenue recognition.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of vehicle sales includes the cost to acquire vehicles and recondition a pre-owned vehicle.the reconditioning and transportation costs associated with preparing the vehicles for resale. Reconditioning costs are billed by third-party providers and includesinclude parts, labor, overhead costs, and other vehicle repair expenses directly attributable to a specific vehicle.vehicles. Transportation costs are expensed as incurred. Pre-owned inventory is stated at the lowerconsist of cost or net realizable value. Pre-owned vehicle inventory cost is determined by specific identification. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price less costs incurred to complete, dispose and transport the vehicles. Selling prices are derivedvehicles from historical data and trends, such as sales price and inventory turn timesthe point of similar vehicles, as well as independent market resources. Each reporting period, the Company recognizesacquisition. Cost of revenue also includes any necessary adjustments to reflect pre-owned vehicle inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value through Cost of revenuevalue.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses include costs and expenses for compensation and benefits, advertising to consumers and dealers, development and operating our product procurement and distribution system, managing our logistics system, transportation cost associated with selling vehicles, establishing our dealer partner arrangements, and other corporate overhead expenses, including expenses associated with technology development, legal, accounting, finance, and business development.
Advertising and Marketing Expenses
Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising and marketing expenses were $31,327 and $14,425 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
Valuation Allowance for Accounts Receivable
Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employee directors. The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the grantee’s requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The Company estimates the allowancefair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option valuation model while market-condition based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model as these awards are tied to a market condition. Key assumptions used in estimating the fair value of options are dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected term.
We record deferred tax assets for doubtful accountsawards that result in deductions on our income tax returns, based on the amount of compensation expense recognized and the statutory tax rate in the jurisdiction in which we will receive a deduction. Differences between the deferred tax assets recognized for accounts receivable by considering a number of factors, including overall credit quality, age of outstanding balances, historical write-off experiencefinancial reporting purposes and specific account analysis that projects the ultimate collectability ofactual tax deduction reported on the outstanding balances. Ultimately, actual results could differ from these assumptions.income tax return are recorded in income tax expense. See Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity for additional information on stock-based compensation.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
Defined Contribution Plan
The Company considers all cash accountssponsors the RumbleOn, Inc. 401(k) Plan and all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with an original maturityRumbleOn 401(k) Plan (the "Retirement Savings Plans"), for eligible employees. Employees electing to participate in the Retirement Savings Plans may contribute up to 75% of three months or lesstheir annual eligible compensation. The Company provides matching contributions for employee contributions on a discretionary basis. Employer contributions to be cash or cash equivalents. Asthe plan, net of forfeitures, were approximately $192 and $722 for the year ended December 31, 20172022 and 2016,2021. Employer contributions are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company did not have any investments with maturities greater than three months.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and consistsaccompanying consolidated statements of capitalized technology development costs, furniture and equipment. Depreciation and amortization is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets. Costs of significant additions, renewals and betterments, are capitalized and depreciated. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred.
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operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 20172022 and December 31, 2016.2021. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values. These financial instruments include cash, prepaid expenses and accounts payable. Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for cash and payables because they are short term in nature and their carrying amounts approximate fair values or they are payable on demand.
ASC Topic 820-10-30-2,-FairFair Value Measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are from sources independent of the Company, whereas unobservable inputs reflect the Company’sCompany's assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:
Level 1: The preferred inputs to valuation efforts are “quotedUnadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities,” with the caveat that the reporting entity must have access to that market. Information at this level is based on direct observations of transactions involving the same assets and liabilities, not assumptions, and thus offers superior reliability. However, relatively few items, especially physical assets, actually trade in active markets.
liabilities.
Level 2: FASB acknowledged that active markets for identical assets and liabilities are relatively uncommon and, even when they do exist, they may be too thin to provide reliable information. Inputs otherOther than quoted market prices included in Level 1, that are observable in the market for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are Level 2 inputs.
not active; or model-derived valuations or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3: If inputs from levels 1Inputs are unobservable and 2 are not available, FASB acknowledgesreflect management’s estimates of assumptions that fair value measures of many assets and liabilities are less precise. The board describes Level 3 inputs as “unobservable,” and limits theirmarket participants would use by saying they “shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available.” This category allows “for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity forpricing the asset or liability.
Embedded Conversion Features
The Company evaluates embedded conversion features within convertible debt under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (“ASC 815”) to determine whether the embedded conversion feature(s) should be bifurcated from the host instrument and accounted for as a derivative at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. If the conversion feature does not require derivative treatment under ASC 815, the instrument is evaluated under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”). Under the ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability atand equity components of the measurement date”. Earlierconvertible debt instruments that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer's economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for our convertible debt instruments is that the equity component is required to be included in the standard, FASB explains that “observable inputs”additional paid-in capital section of stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheets and the value of the equity component is treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the notes. As a result, we are gathered from sources other thanrequired to record non-cash interest expense as a result of the reporting company and that they are expectedamortization of the discounted carrying value of the convertible debt to reflect assumptions made by market participants.their face amount over the term of the convertible debt.
Beneficial Conversion Feature
From time to time, the Company has issued convertible notes that have conversion prices that create an embedded beneficial conversion feature pursuant to the guidelines established by the ASC Topic 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options.470-20. The Beneficial Conversion Feature (“BCF”) of a convertible security is normally characterized as the convertible portion or feature of certain securities that provide a rate of conversion that is below market value or in-the-money when issued. The Company records a BCF related to the issuance of a convertible security when issued and also records the estimated fair value of any conversion feature issued with those securities. Beneficial conversion features that are contingent upon the occurrence of a future event are recorded when the contingency is resolved.
The BCF of a convertible note is measured by allocating a portion of the note’s proceeds to the conversion feature, if applicable, and as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note equal to the intrinsic value of the conversion feature, both of which are credited to additional paid-in-capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the note using the effective interest method. The Company calculates the fair value of the conversion feature embedded in any convertible security using either a)an open-form binomial option pricing model (“lattice model”) that simulates, in a non-linear, risk-neutral framework, the Black Scholes valuation model, or b) a discount cash flow analysis tested for sensitivity to key Level 3 inputs using Monte Carlo simulation.stock price of the Company’s common stock.
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Common Stock Warrants
The Company accounts for common stock warrants in accordance with applicable accounting guidance provided in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)ASC 815,Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement. Any warrants that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) provide the Company with a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) provided that such warrants are indexed to the Company’sCompany's own stock is classified as equity. The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any warrants that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the Company’sCompany's control), (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) or (iii) that contain reset provisions that do not qualify for the scope exception. The Company assesses classification of its common stock warrants at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities is required. The Company’sCompany's freestanding derivatives consisting of 218,250 warrants to purchase common stock that were issued to underwriters in connection with the October 23, 2017 public offering of Class B common stock satisfiedfinancing satisfy the criteria for classification as equity instruments as these warrants do not contain cash settlement features or variable settlement provision that cause them to not be indexed to the Company’sCompany's own stock.
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Cost of Revenue
Cost of vehicle sales includes the cost There are 16,530 warrants to acquire vehicles and the reconditioning and transportation costs associated with preparing the vehicles for resale. Vehicle acquisition costs are driven by the mix of vehicles the Company acquires, the source of those vehicles, and supply and demand dynamics in the vehicle market. Reconditioning costs are billed by third-party providers and include parts, labor, and other repair expenses directly attributable to specific vehicles. Transportation costs consist of costs incurred to transport the vehicles from the point of acquisition. Cost of sales also includes any necessary adjustments to reflect vehicle inventorypurchase common stock outstanding at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
Cost of subscription and other fee revenue includes the (i) various data feeds from third parties; (ii) hosting of the customer facing website; (iii) commissions for new sales; and (iv) implementation and training of new and existing customers. These costs and expenses are charged to Cost of revenue as incurred.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses include costs and expenses for compensation and benefits, advertising to consumers and dealers, development and operating our product procurement and distribution system, managing our logistics system, transportation cost associated with selling vehicles, establishing our dealer partner arrangements, and other corporate overhead expenses, including expenses associated with technology development, legal, accounting, finance, and business development.
Advertising and Marketing Costs
Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising and marketing expenses was $1,731,028 for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no advertising and marketing costs incurred for2022 consisting of: (i) 10,913 warrants issued to underwriters in connection with the year ended December 31, 2016.
Stock-Based Compensation
On June 30,October 23, 2017 the Company’s shareholders approved a Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) under which restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other equity awards may be granted to employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Twelve percent (12%) of the Company’s issued and outstanding sharespublic offering of Class B Common Stock from timecommon stock; (ii) 5,617 warrants issued to time are reserved for issuance undera lender in connection with the Plan. The Company estimates the fair value of awards granted under the Plan on the date of grant. The fair value of an RSU is based on the average of the high and low market prices of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the date of grant and is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over its vesting period; to date, substantially all the RSUs issued vest over a three-year period utilizing the following vesting schedule: (i) 20% on the first anniversary of the grant date; (ii) 30% on the second anniversary of the grant date; and (iii) 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date.2018 financings. During the year ended December 31, 20172021, the Company granted 741,000 RSUs underissued warrants (the “Oaktree Warrants”) to purchase $40,000 of shares of Class B common stock to Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. and its lender affiliates connection with providing the Plan to membersdebt financing for the RideNow transaction. In August 2021, the exercise price of the Board of Directors, officers and employees. Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2017warrants was $503,023. and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no stock-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017 total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs was $2,258,718set at $33.00 per share and the weighted average period over which this cost is expectedaggregate number of shares of Class B common stock underlying the Oaktree Warrants was 1,212,121. During the third quarter of 2022, the exercise price of the warrants were adjusted to $31.50 per share.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs are accounted for pursuant to FASB ASU 2015-3, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-3”). ASU 2015-3 requires that debt issuance costs be recognized is 2.5 years.
presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent with the presentation of debt discounts.
Income Taxes
The Company follows ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), for recording the provision for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability each period. If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future changes in such valuation allowance are included in the provision for deferred income taxes in the period of change. Deferred income taxes may arise from temporary differences resulting from income and expense items reported for financial accounting and tax purposes in different periods.
The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. ASC Topic 740 only allows the recognition of those tax benefits that have a greater than fifty percent50% likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the Company reviewed its tax positions and determined there were no outstanding, or retroactive tax positions with less than a fifty percent50% likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, therefore this standard has not had a material effect on the Company.
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The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its total unrecognized tax benefitspositions within the next 12 months.
Loss Per Share
The Company follows the ASC Topic 260, Earnings per share. Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) calculations are determined by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculations are determined by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding. During periods when common stock equivalents, if any, are anti-dilutive they are not considered in the computation. Common share and dilutive common share equivalents include: (i) Class A common: (ii) Class B common; (iii) restricted stock units; (iv) stock options; (v) warrants to acquire Class B common stock; and (vi) shares issued in connection with convertible debt.
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Recent Pronouncements
Effective in the Current Period.
The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Update 2015-11 Inventory (Topic 330), Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory,which requires inventory to be stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Vehicle inventory cost is determined by specific identification. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price less costs to complete, dispose and transport the vehicles. Selling prices are derived from historical data and trends, such as sales price and inventory turn times of similar vehicles, as well as independent, market resources. Each reporting period the Company recognizes any necessary adjustments to reflect vehicle inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value through Cost of revenue in the accompanying Consolidated statements of operations.
Effective in Future Periods
In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2014-09) related to revenue recognition. This ASU, along with subsequent ASUs issued to clarify certain provisions and the effective date of ASU 2014-09, provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and the timing of when it is recognized. The entity will recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. This standard will become effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted using either a full retrospective method, which requires a restatement of prior periods presented, or a modified retrospective method with the cumulative effect of applying the standard recognized at the date of adoption. We will adopt this standard for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. While we continue to assess all potential impacts of this standard, we generally do not expect adoption of the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We primarily sell products and recognize revenue at the point of sale or delivery to customers, at which point the earnings process is deemed to be complete. Our performance obligations are clearly identifiable, and we do not anticipate significant changes to the assessment of such performance obligations or the timing of our revenue recognition upon adoption of the new standard. Our primary business processes are consistent with the principles contained in the ASU, and we do not expect significant changes to those processes, our internal controls or systems. We are still evaluating the impact of the new standard on our financial statement disclosures.
In FebruaryJune 2016, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2016-02) related to2016-13, Financial instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which amends the accountingguidance on the impairment of financial instruments by requiring measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for leases. This pronouncement requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet while also disclosing key information about those lease arrangements. Under the new guidance, lease classification as either a finance lease or an operating lease will affect the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. The classification criteria to distinguish between finance and operating leases are generally consistent with the classification criteria to distinguish between capital and operating leases under existing lease accounting guidance. This pronouncementfinancial assets held. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We expect to adopt the new standard for our fiscal year2019, and earlier adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2018. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with practical expedients available for election as a package. We do not expect that this standard will have a material effect on our Consolidated balance sheets since we currently do not have a significant numberfirst quarter of leases in effect.
fiscal 2019. In May 2016,November 2019, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2016-12)No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which provided narrow scope improvementsDerivatives and practical expedients relatedHedging (Topic 815), and Leases(Topic 842): Effective Dates (“ASU 2019-10”). The purpose of this amendment is to create a two-tier rollout of major updates, staggering the effective dates between larger public companies and all other entities. This granted certain classes of companies, including Smaller Reporting Companies (“SRCs”), additional time to implement major FASB standards, including ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The improvements address completed contracts and contract modifications at transition, noncash consideration, the presentation of sales taxes and other taxes collected from customers, and assessment of collectability when determining whether a transaction represents a valid contract. The pronouncement has the same2016-13. Larger public companies had an effective date as the new revenue standard, which is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All other entities are permitted to defer adoption of ASU 2016-13, and its related amendments, until the earlier of fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Under the current SEC definitions, the Company meets the definition of an SRC as of the ASU 2019-10 issuance date and is adopting the deferral period for ASU 2016-13. The Company will adopt this pronouncementASU 2016-13 for ourits fiscal year beginning January 1, 20182023, and dodoes not expect it to have a material effectimpact on our Consolidatedits consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016,March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. Additionally, entities can elect to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain conditions are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the Board's monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848." This ASU defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. These new standards were effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to applicable contract modifications. While our senior secured debt and many of our floorplan arrangements utilize LIBOR as a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate, some of our floorplan arrangements have already transitioned to utilizing an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2016-15) relatedalternative benchmark rate. We are continuing to evaluate the classificationimpact of certain cash receiptsthe transition from LIBOR to alternative reference interest rates. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR, the establishment of alternative rates or benchmarks, and the corresponding effects on our cost of capital but do not expect a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash paymentsflows.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the statementacquisition date in accordance with ASC 606 instead of cash flows.being recorded at fair value. The pronouncement provides clarification guidance on eight specific cash flow presentation issues that have developed due to diversity in practice. The issues include, but are not limited to, debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and cash receipts from payments on beneficial interests in securitization transactions. The pronouncement is effectiveCompany will adopt ASU 2021-08 for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We plan to adopt this pronouncement for ourits fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018,2023, and dodoes not expect it to have a material effectimpact on our Consolidatedthe Company’s financial statements.
NOTE 2 – ACQUISITIONS
RideNow Transaction
On the RideNow Closing Date, RumbleOn completed its business combination with RideNow (“RideNow Transaction”). Pursuant to the Plan of Merger and Equity Purchase Agreement, as amended (the “RideNow Agreement”), on the RideNow Closing Date, there were both mergers and transfers of ownership interests comprising in aggregate the RideNow Transaction. For the mergers, five newly-created RumbleOn subsidiaries were merged with and into five RideNow entities (“Merged RideNow Entities”) with the Merged RideNow Entities continuing as the surviving corporations and with the Company obtaining ownership of these entities through these mergers and the transfers noted below.Merged RideNow Entities owned powersports retail locations approximately 30% of RideNow retail location. For the transfers of ownership interest, the Company acquired all the outstanding equity interests of 21 entities comprising the remaining 70% of the RideNow’s retail
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locations (“Acquired RideNow Entities”, and together with the Merged RideNow Entities, the “RideNow Entities”). As a result of the RideNow Transaction, the Company obtained 100% of the voting equity interests of the RideNow Entities.
TableOn the RideNow Closing Date, RideNow equity holders received cash consideration of Contents$400,400 and 5,833,333 shares of RumbleOn’s Class B Common Stock, valued at $200,958 based on the close price of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Closing Date. Additionally at closing, the Company paid $1,793 to satisfy certain transaction expenses incurred by RideNow and effectively settled a $1,734 payable from RideNow to RumbleOn arising from vehicle sales from RumbleOn to RideNow in the ordinary course of business prior to the RideNow Closing Date. The Company also recorded a payable for amounts owed to RideNow equity holders. Cash paid, acquiree transaction expenses paid at closing, and elimination of the preexisting payable from RumbleOn all approximate their fair value due to short-term nature of these items.
The cash consideration for the RideNow Transaction was funded from (i) the Company’s underwritten public offering of 5,053,029 shares of Class B common stock, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $154,443 (the “August 2021 Offering”), and (ii) net proceeds of approximately $261,000 pursuant to the Oaktree Credit Facility entered into on the RideNow Closing Date (as further described in Note 10 - Notes Payable and Lines of Credit. The remaining funds received from these financing transactions were used for working capital purposes.
The following table summarizes the final components of consideration transferred by the Company for the RideNow Transaction:
In January 2017,
Cash$400,400 
Class B Common Stock200,958 
Acquiree transaction expenses paid by the Company at closing1,793 
Elimination of preexisting payable from RideNow to RumbleOn1,734 
Total purchase price consideration$604,885 
RideNow Estimated Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Assumed
All of RideNow’s acquired assets and liabilities, including goodwill recognized as a result of the FASB issued new guidance, ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles–GoodwillRideNow Transaction, have been included in the Company’s Powersports reporting segment, as the RideNow business is entirely within the Company’s Powersports segment.
The Company finalized its valuation of assets acquired, including intangible assets, and Other (Topic 350): Simplifyinghas recorded appropriate adjustments to the test for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance simplifies subsequent goodwillpurchase price allocation during the measurement by eliminating Step 2period. The preparation of the valuation required the use of significant assumptions and estimates. Critical estimates included, but were not limited to, future expected cash flows, including projected revenues and expenses, and the applicable discount rates. These estimates were based on assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable. However, actual results may differ from these estimates.
The Company uses the goodwill impairment test. Under this update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparingincome approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including franchise rights. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a reporting unit withpresent value. The Company bases its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge forassumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, retention factors, etc. Discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the amount by whichdate of acquisition are based on the carrying amount exceedstime value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. The Company believes the reporting unit’sestimated purchased franchise rights and non-compete agreements amounts so determined represent the fair value; however,value at the loss recognized shoulddate of acquisition, and do not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. a third-party would pay for such assets.
The new standard is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The standard must be applied prospectively. Upon adoption,following amounts represent the standard will impact how the Company assesses goodwill for impairment. We plan to adopt this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, and do not expect it to have a material effect on our Consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 - ACQUISITIONS
On February 8, 2017, the Company acquired substantially allfinal determination of the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as a result of NextGenthe RideNow Transaction.
F-17



Assets acquired:
Cash$34,436 
Contracts in transit10,878 
Accounts receivable10,142 
Inventory127,080 
Prepaid expenses1,785 
Right-of-use assets22,912 
Right-of-use assets - related parties124,243 
Property & equipment18,707 
Franchise rights296,542 
Other intangible assets, net21,558 
Other assets92 
Total assets acquired668,375 
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities39,883 
Notes payable - floor plan47,161 
Lease liabilities22,912 
Lease liabilities - related parties106,966 
Notes payable4,382 
Notes payable - related parties2,167 
Deferred tax liabilities41,484 
Other long-term liabilities6,210 
Total liabilities assumed271,165 
Total net assets acquired397,210 
Goodwill207,675 
Total consideration$604,885 
The Company assumed two promissory notes liabilities with aggregate principal and accrued interest of $2,821 as of the RideNow Closing Date due to entities controlled by former directors and executive officers of the Company. Amounts due under these notes have been paid in exchangefull as of December 31, 2022.
The Company expects it will be able to amortize, for $750,000tax purposes, $130,385 of goodwill.
Freedom Transaction
On November 8, 2021, RumbleOn entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement to acquire 100% of the equity interests of the Freedom Entities, and completed the acquisition (the “Freedom Transaction”) on the Freedom Closing Date. The Freedom Entities own and operate powersports retail dealerships, including associated real estate, involving sales, financing, and parts and service of new and used motorcycles, ATVs, UTVs, scooters, side-by-sides, sport bikes, cruisers, watercraft, and other powersports vehicles.
We accounted for the Freedom Transaction as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the terms of the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, all outstanding equity interests of the Freedom Entities were acquired for total provisional consideration of $97,237, consisting of $70,569 paid in cash, plus 1,523,809 unregisteredincluding certain transaction expenses paid on behalf of the Freedom Entities' equity holders, and issuance of 1,048,718 shares of Class B Common Stockcommon stock
F-18



with a value of $26,511 on the Freedom Closing Date. On June 22, 2022, 2,446 shares of Class B common stock held in escrow were cancelled as part of the Company, which were issued at a negotiated fair value of $1.75 per share and a subordinated secured promissory note issuedfinal purchase price adjustment.
The following table summarizes the provisional consideration transferred by the Company in favor of NextGen in the amount of $1,333,334 (the “NextGen Note”). The NextGen Note matures on the third anniversary of the closing date (the “Maturity Date”). During the fourth quarter of 2017, the company finalized the preliminary purchase price allocation recorded at the acquisition date and made a measurement period adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation which included:(i) an increase to technology development of $1,500,000; (ii) a decrease in goodwill of $1,390,000; (iii) a decrease to customer contracts of $10,000; and (iv) a decrease to non-compete agreements of $100,000. The measurement period adjustment also resulted in a $166,250 net increase in accumulated amortization and amortization expense previously recorded for the nine-months ended September 30, 2017. This measurement period adjustment has been recordedFreedom Transaction:
Cash$70,569 
Class B common stock26,511 
Acquiree transaction expenses paid by the Company at closing157 
Total provisional purchase price consideration$97,237 
The table below represents, as of December 31, 2017 and is reflected in2022, the table below. The company made these measurement period adjustments to reflect facts and circumstances that existed asprovisional determination of the acquisition datefair value of the identifiable assets acquired and did not resultliabilities assumed from intervening events subsequentthe Freedom Entities, and as such, it remains subject to such date.finalization. The measurement period adjustment did not have a material impact on the Company’s net loss in any period during the year ended December 31, 2017.

F-14
The following table presentsCompany finalized the purchase price considerationallocation on February 18, 2023. All acquired assets and liabilities, including provisional goodwill, recognized as a result of December 31, 2017:the Freedom Transaction have been included in the Company’s Powersports reporting segment.
Estimated fair value of assets:
Cash$6,381 
Contracts in transit1,170 
Accounts receivable1,089 
Inventory24,809 
Prepaid expenses214 
Property & equipment50,228 
Right-of-use assets2,876 
Other intangible assets2,167 
Franchise rights39,661 
Other assets287 
Total assets acquired$128,882 
Estimated fair value of liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities$5,407 
Notes payable - floor plan18,337 
Lease liabilities2,002 
Deferred revenues3,495 
Mortgage notes26,809 
Notes payable4,693 
Total liabilities assumed60,743 
Total net assets acquired68,139 
Goodwill29,098 
Total provisional purchase price consideration$97,237 
 
 
Preliminary
Purchase
Price
Allocation
 
 
Cumulative
Measurement
Period
Adjustment
 
 
Final
Purchase
Price
Allocation
 
Net tangible assets acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technology development
  1,400,000 
  1,500,000 
  2,900,000 
 
    
    
    
Customer contracts
  10,000 
  (10,000)
  - 
 
    
    
    
Non-compete agreements
  100,000 
  (100,000)
  - 
 
    
    
    
Tangible assets acquired
  1,510,000 
  1,390,000 
  2,900,000 
 
    
    
    
Goodwill
  3,240,000 
  (1,390,000)
  1,850,000 
 
    
    
    
Total purchase price
  4,750,000 
  - 
  4,750,000 
 
    
    
    
Less: Issuance of shares
  (2,666,666)
  - 
  (2,666,666)
 
    
    
    
Less: Debt issued
  (1,333,334)
  - 
  (1,333,334)
 
    
    
    
Cash paid
 $750,000 
 $- 
 $750,000 
The Company assumed notes payable and mortgage notes liabilities of $31,502 on the Freedom Closing Date. The outstanding balance of these liabilities were repaid in the first quarter of 2022 and are reflected as cash outflows from financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company funded the cash portion of the Freedom Transaction, transaction expenses, notes payable, and mortgage note repayments through an $84,500 draw on the Oaktree Credit Agreement (as defined below) and use of approximately $12,013 of available cash resources.
Supplemental pro forma information
The Company expects it will be able to amortize, for tax purposes, $30,018 of goodwill.
The results of operations of NextGen since the acquisition dateFreedom Entities from the Freedom Closing Date forward are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The following supplemental pro forma information presents the financial results as if the acquisitionConsolidated Financial Statements and include revenues of NextGen was made as$203,994 and pre-tax earnings of January 1, 2017$23,016 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and on January 1, 20162022. Acquisition related costs of $1,263 were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2016.2022 and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Supplemental pro forma information (Unaudited)
ProThe following unaudited pro forma adjustmentsfinancial information presents consolidated information of the Company as if the RideNow Transaction and Freedom Transaction were completed at December 31, 2020.
F-19



December 31,
20222021
Pro forma revenue$1,817,080 $1,800,294 
Pro forma net income (loss)$(261,322)$51,928 
Net income (loss) per share-basic$(16.34)$3.25 
Weighted average number of shares-basic15,994,713 15,994,713 
Net income (loss) per share-fully diluted$(16.34)$3.25 
Weighted average number of shares-fully diluted15,994,713 15,994,713 
NOTE 3 –REVENUE
Our revenue consists of new vehicles sales, retail and wholesale used vehicle sales, sales of finance and insurance products, sales of parts, service, accessories, and apparel, and transportation brokerage services.
New and Used Powersports Vehicles
The Company sells new and used powersports vehicles. The transaction price for a powersports vehicle sale is determined with the customer at the time of sale. Customers often trade in their own powersports vehicle to apply toward the purchase of a retail new or used powersports vehicle. The “trade-in” powersports vehicle is a type of noncash consideration measured at fair value, based on external and internal market data for a specific powersports vehicle, and applied as payment of the contract price for the purchased powersports vehicle.
When the Company sells a new or used powersports vehicle, transfer of control typically occurs at a point in time upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer, which is generally at the time of sale, as the customer is able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all benefits from the powersports vehicle at such time. Except for limited circumstances, the Company does not directly finance its customer’s purchases or provide leasing. In many cases, the Company arranges third- party financing for the retail sale or lease of powersports vehicles to customers in exchange for a fee paid to the Company by a third-party financial institution. The Company receives payment directly from the customer at the time of sale or from a third-party financial institution (referred to as contracts-in-transit) within a short period of time following the sale. The Company establishes provisions, which are not significant, for estimated returns and warranties on the basis of both historical information and current trends.
Parts and Service
The Company sells parts and vehicle services related to customer-paid repairs and maintenance, repairs and maintenance under manufacturer warranties and extended service contracts, and collision-related repairs. The Company also sells parts through wholesale and retail counter channels.
Each repair and maintenance service is a single performance obligation that includes both the parts and labor associated with the vehicle service. Payment for each vehicle service work is typically due upon completion of the service, which is generally completed within a short period from contract inception. The transaction price for repair and maintenance services is based on the parts used, the number of labor hours applied, and standardized hourly labor rates. The performance obligation for repair and maintenance service are satisfied over time and create an asset with no alternative use and with an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Revenue is recognized over time based on a direct measurement of labor hours, parts and accessories that are allocated to open service and repair orders at the end of each reporting period. As a practical expedient, the time value of money is not considered since repair and maintenance service contracts have a duration of one year or less. The transaction price for wholesale and retail counter parts sales is determined at the time of sale based on the quantity and price of each product purchased. Payment is typically due at time of sale, or within a short period following the sale. The Company establishes provisions, which are not significant, for estimated parts returns based on historical information and current trends. Delivery method of wholesale and retail counter parts vary.
The Company generally considers control of wholesale and retail counter parts to transfer when the products are shipped, which typically occurs the same day as or within a few days of sale. The Company also offers customer loyalty points for parts and services for select franchises. The Company satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue when the loyalty points are redeemed. Amounts deferred related to the customer loyalty programs are insignificant.
F-20



Finance and Insurance
The Company sells and receives commissions on the following types of finance and insurance products: extended service contracts, maintenance programs, guaranteed auto protection, tire and wheel protection, and theft protection products, among others. The Company offers products that are sold and administered by independent third parties, including the vehicle manufacturers’ captive finance subsidiaries.
Pursuant to the arrangements with these third-party providers, the Company sells the products on a commission basis. For the majority of finance and insurance product sales, the Company’s performance obligation is to arrange for the provision of goods and services by another party. The Company’s performance obligation is satisfied when this arrangement is made, which is when the finance and insurance product is delivered to the end customer, generally at the time of the vehicle sale. As agent, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount of any fee or commission to which it expects to be entitled, which is the net amount of consideration that it retains after paying the third-party provider the consideration received in exchange for the goods or services to be fulfilled by that party.
There are no significant judgements or estimates required in determining the satisfaction of the performance obligations or the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations. As revenue are recognized at a point-in-time, costs to obtain the customer (i.e. commissions) do not require capitalization.
Vehicle Logistics
Vehicle logistics revenue is generated primarily by entering into freight brokerage agreements with dealers, distributors, or private party individuals to transport vehicles from a point of origin to a designated destination. The Company’s subsidiary, Wholesale Express, provides these services. The transaction price is based on the consideration specified in the customer's contract. A performance obligation is created when the customer under a transportation contract submits a bill of lading for the transport of goods from origin to destination. These performance obligations are satisfied as the shipments move from origin to destination. The freight brokerage agreements are fulfilled by independent third-party transporters. While the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling to customers, these transporters are obligated to meet our performance obligations and standards. Performance obligations are short-term, with transit days less than one week. Generally, customers are billed either upon shipment of the vehicle or on a monthly basis, and remit payment according to approved payment terms, generally not to exceed 30 days. Revenue is recognized as risks and rewards of transportation of the vehicle are transferred to the owner during delivery. Wholesale Express is considered the principal in the delivery transactions since it is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service. As a result, revenue is recorded gross.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The significant majority of the Company’s revenue is from contracts with customers. In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by major lines of goods and services and timing of transfer of goods and services. We have determined that these categories depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

F-21



Revenue from contracts with customers consists of the following:

December 31,
20222021
Revenue
New vehicles$640,972 $169,632 
Used vehicles
Powersports392,947 153,671 
Automotive334,273 460,888 
Total used vehicles727,220 614,559 
Total new and used vehicles1,368,192 784,191 
Parts, service and accessories247,562 66,969 
Vehicle logistics54,038 43,878 
Finance and insurance, net123,576 29,133 
Total revenue$1,793,368 $924,171 
Timing of revenue recognition
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$1,633,285 $882,750 
Good and services transferred over time160,083 41,421 
Total revenue$1,793,368 $924,171 

NOTE 4 –ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
Accounts receivable consists of the following as of December 31,
20222021
Contracts in transit$13,546 $9,141 
Trade receivables10,534 20,061 
Factory receivables (1)
6,139 4,003 
Finance receivables (2)
4,575 7,622 
34,794 40,827 
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts1,036 661 
$33,758 $40,166 

(1) Factory receivables represents amounts due primarily from manufacturer for holdbacks, rebates, co-op advertising, warranty and supplies returns.
(2) Finance receivables originated in connection with the Company’s vehicle sales.
Finance receivables are stated net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company uses the allowance method to account for uncollectible finance receivables. The allowance for doubtful accounts is increased by charges to bad debt expense and decreased by actual write-offs (net of recoveries). A receivables is written off when the Company determines it is uncollectible. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on the Company’s past collection experience, knowledge of the customer, and aging of the receivables. During the years ended December 31, 20172022 and 2016 primarily include adjustments2021, management wrote off $1,433 and $76, respectively, of finance receivables considered to reflect additional depreciation and amortizationbe uncollectible.

F-22



NOTE 5 – INVENTORY
Inventory, net of $61,866 and $352,576, respectively, related to technology development and identifiable intangible assets recorded as partreserves, consists of the acquisition,following as of December 31,
20222021
New powersport vehicles$174,986 $68,244 
Pre-owned vehicles:
Powersport vehicles115,430 77,418 
Automobiles8,248 32,512 
Parts, accessories and other33,057 23,492 
Inventory$331,721 $201,666 
Floor plan notes payable as of December 31,
20222021
Floor plans notes payable - trade$75,387 $15,119 
Floor plans notes payable - non-trade150,04482,159
Floor plan notes payable$225,431 $97,278 
Floor plan notes payable - trade reflects amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new and, to a lesser extent, used vehicle inventory with corresponding manufacturers' captive finance subsidiaries (“trade lenders”). Floor plan notes payable-non-trade represents amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new and used vehicle inventories with non-trade lenders. Changes in vehicle floor plan notes payable- trade are reported as operating cash flows and changes in floor plan notes payable-non-trade are reported as financing cash flows in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
New inventory costs are generally reduced by manufacturer holdbacks, incentives, floor plan assistance, and non-reimbursement-based manufacturer advertising rebates, while the related vehicle floor plan payables are reflective of the gross cost of the vehicle. The vehicle floor plan payables, as shown in the above table, will generally also be higher than the inventory cost due to the timing of the sale of a vehicle and payment of the related liability. Vehicle floor plan facilities are due on demand, but in the case of new vehicle inventories, are generally paid within several business days after the related vehicles are sold. Vehicle floor plan facilities are primarily collateralized by vehicle inventories and related receivables.
New vehicle floor plan facilities generally utilize Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or Average Daily Balance (“ADB”)-based interest rates, which generally ranged between 7% and 16% as of December 31, 2022. Used vehicle floor plan facilities generally utilize prime, SOFR or ADB-based interest rates, which ranged between 6% and 16% as of December 31, 2022. The aggregate capacity to finance our inventory under the new and used vehicle floor plan facilities was $407,680 as of December 31, 2022. The Company cannot predict the effect of the discontinuance of LIBOR or the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks on interest expense relatedas of December 31, 2022. The Company is evaluating alternative benchmarks, which may include the SOFR.
Inventory serves as collateral under floor plan notes payable borrowings. The inventory balance in its entirety also serves as collateral under the Oaktree Credit Facility. Refer to the NextGen Note 10 - Notes Payable and Lines of $27,353 and $85,772, respectively.Credit for further detail.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Pro forma revenue
 $7,312,428 
 $138,141 
Pro forma net loss
 $(8,710,513)
 $(2,450,829)
 
    
    
Loss per share-basic and fully diluted
 $(0.86)
 $(0.34)
 
    
    
Weighted average common shares and common stock equivalents outstanding-Basic and fully diluted
  10,076,227 
  7,105,179 


F-23
F-15

Table of Contents

NOTE 36 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
The following table summarizes property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization as of December 31, 2017
 20222021
Land$11,472 $— 
Buildings and improvements36,257 3,240 
Leasehold improvements14,226 7,097
Equipment5,416 4,367
Furniture and fixtures2,560 312
Technology development15,824 12,879
Vehicles7,718 1,525
Total property and equipment93,473 29,420
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization17,395 8,003
Total$76,078 $21,417
Depreciation and 2016:amortization expense was $23,079 in 2022 and $6,103 in 2021.
Total technology development and software costs incurred were $10,355 and $2,707 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Of the total development and software costs incurred, approximately $7,003 and $1,266, was capitalized in the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Approximately $4,711 and $1,441, were recorded as amortization expense related to capitalized technology development costs in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Vehicles
 $472,870 
  - 
Furniture and equipment
  149,643 
  - 
Technology development
  3,406,786 
  - 
Total property and equipment
  4,029,299 
  - 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
  668,467 
  - 
 
 $3,360,832 
  - 
NOTE 7 – LEASES
AmortizationLease Commitments
We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception and depreciation on Propertywhether such leases are operating or financing leases. For each lease agreement, the Company determines its lease term as the non-cancellable period of the lease and Equipmentincludes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is determinedreasonably certain that it will exercise that option. We use these options in determining our capitalized financing and right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. To determine the discount rate to use in determining the present value of the lease payments, we use the rate implicit in the lease if determinable, otherwise we use our incremental borrowing rate.
F-24



The following table reflects the balance sheet presentation of our lease assets and liabilities:
LeasesBalance Sheet Classification20222021
Assets:
OperatingRight of use assets$161,822 $133,112 
FinanceProperty and equipment, net— 3,240 
Total right-of-use assets$161,822 $136,352 
Liabilities:
Current
OperatingAccounts payable and other current liabilities$24,075 $19,155 
FinanceAccounts payable and other current liabilities— 1,094 
Non-Current
OperatingLong-term portion of operating lease liabilities126,695 114,687 
FinanceOther long-term liabilities— 2,869 
Total lease liabilities$150,770 $137,805 
Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 5 years.
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the company finalized the preliminary purchase price allocation of the NextGen acquisition and made a measurement period adjustment to increase the amount of the preliminary purchase price that was allocated to technology development from $1,400,000 to $2,900,000 and increased the amount of amortization previously reportedlease term. Total operating lease expenses for the nine-month periodyears ended September 30, 2017 by $200,000.For additional information, see Note 2 “Acquisitions”
At December 31, 2017, capitalized technology development2022 and 2021 were $31,357 and $7,431, respectively.
The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company's operating and financing leases are as follows:
20222021
Weighted average lease term (years) - operating leases14.614.9
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases14.0 %14.0 %
Weighted average lease term (years) - finance leases— 19.7
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases— %15.0 %
The following table provides information related to the lease costs were $3,406,786of finance and operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Lease ExpenseIncome Statement Classification20222021
OperatingSelling, general and administrative expenses$31,357 $7,431 
Finance:
Amortization of ROU assetsDepreciation and amortization expense— 55 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense— 165 
Total lease costs$31,357 $7,651 
F-25



In connection with the RideNow Transaction, the Company entered into related party leases for 24 properties. The following table provides information related to the portion of lease assets and liabilities which includes $2,900,000 of software acquired in the NextGen transaction. Total technology development costs incurred was $959,743are attributable to related party leases at December 31, 2022:
LeasesBalance Sheet ClassificationDecember 31, 2022
Assets:
Right of use assets – related party$105,264 
All other right of use assets56,558 
TotalRight-of-use assets$161,822 
Liabilities:
Current:
Current portion of lease liabilities – related party$14,492 
Current portion of lease liabilities – all other leases9,583 
Total current liabilitiesAccounts payable and other current liabilities$24,075 
Non-Current:
Long-term portion of lease liabilities – related party$93,713 
Long-term portion of lease liabilities – all other leases32,982 
Total non-current liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities$126,695 
Total lease liabilities$150,770 
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the year ended December 31, 20172022 and 2021 was as follows:
20222021
Cash payments for operating leases$25,864 $6,644 
New operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities$18,111 $94,544 
The following table summarizes the future minimum payments for operating leases at December 31, 2022:
Year ending December 31,Amount
2023$27,840 
202427,341 
202525,690 
202623,883 
202722,838 
Thereafter273,762 
Total lease payments401,354 
Less imputed interest(250,584)
Present value of operating lease liabilities$150,770 

NOTE 8 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following is a summary of which $506,786 was capitalized and $452,957 was charged to expensethe changes in the accompanying Consolidated statementscarrying amount of operations. goodwill, franchise rights and other and other intangible assets as of December 31,
F-26



20222021
Goodwill$21,142 $260,922 
Other intangible assets
Franchise rights - indefinite life$236,678 $282,350 
Other intangibles23,795 22,175 
260,473 304,525 
Less: accumulated amortization13,060 2,459 
Intangible assets, net$247,413 $302,066 
The amortizationfollowing is a summary of capitalized technology development coststhe changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. In 2022, the Company recorded certain adjustments in the measurement period pertaining to intangible assets and goodwill.
PowersportsAutomotiveVehicle LogisticsTotal
Balance at December 31, 2020$— $26,039$848$26,887
RideNow acquisition234,035234,035
Balance at December 31, 2021234,03526,039848260,922
RideNow purchase accounting adjustments(26,777)(26,777)
Freedom Powersports acquisition29,09829,098
Other immaterial additions related to acquisitions2,584— 2,584
Impairment charges(218,646)(26,039)(244,685)
Balance at December 31, 2022$20,294 $— $848 $21,142 

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying amount of franchise rights during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. All franchise rights were allocated to the Company’s powersports reporting unit during the years then ended.

Total
Balance at December 31, 2020$— 
RideNow acquisition282,350
Balance at December 31, 2021282,350
RideNow purchase price adjustments14,542
Freedom Powersports acquisition39,661
Other immaterial additions related to acquisitions2,168
Purchase of Honda Franchise487
Purchase of 4Wheels Franchise3,100
Impairment charges(105,630)
Balance at December 31, 2022$236,678
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we changed the date of our annual impairment test for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets from December 31st to October 1st. This voluntary change was $588,519made to better align the timing of the assessment with the Company’s planning and forecasting process that now incorporates the operations of the Freedom Entities and RideNow that were acquired in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and to give the Company additional time to complete the annual assessment in advance of year-end reporting. The Company commenced its annual impairment process as of October 1, 2022. In addition, the Company updated its quantitative impairment testing for goodwill and franchise rights, an indefinite-lived intangible asset as of December 31, 2022 because a triggering event was identified due to declines in the Company’s market capitalization and other factors occurring in the fourth quarter of 2022.
F-27



As part of the impairment testing process, the Company considered a number of factors including, but not limited to, current macroeconomic conditions such as inflation, economic growth, and interest rate movements, industry and market considerations, stock price performance (including performance relative to peers), and financial performance of the Company’s reporting units. The aggregate results of the Company’s fourth quarter assessments resulted in (i) noncash goodwill impairment charges of $26,039 to the Company’s automotive reporting unit and $218,646 to the Company’s powersports reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no technology development costs incurred2022, and no amortization(ii) noncash franchise rights impairment charges of capitalized development costs for$105,630 to the year endedCompany’s powersports reporting unit.
Other definite-lived intangibles of $23,795 is primarily comprised of assets related to non-compete agreements as of December 31, 2016. Depreciation expense on vehicles, furniture and equipment2022. The Company evaluates intangible assets for impairment at least annually,or when triggering events occur. No triggering events or impairment of non-compete agreements was $79,948 and $475, respectively for the years endednoted as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.2022.
Estimated annual amortization expense related to other intangibles:
2023$7,908 
20242,658 
202599 
2026— 
2027— 
Thereafter— 
$10,665 

NOTE 49 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND OTHER ACCRUEDCURRENT LIABILITIES
The following table summarizes accounts payable and other accruedcurrent liabilities as of December 31, 20172022 and 2016:2021:
20222021
Accounts payable$15,599 $10,028 
Accrued interest1,755 3,649 
Accrued payroll13,900 9,449 
Current portion of lease liabilities24,075 20,249 
Customer deposits5,446 5,732 
State and local taxes10,413 8,287 
Professional fees1,873 5,637 
Other accrued expenses9,557 14,286 
Total$82,618 $77,317 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Accounts payable
 $1,094,310 
 $219,101 
Accrued Payroll
  79,288 
  - 
Other accrued expenses
  5,618 
  - 
 
 $1,179,216 
 $219,101 

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Table of Contents

NOTE 510 – NOTES PAYABLE
AND LINES OF CREDIT
Notes payable and lines of credit consisted of the following as of December 31, 2017
20222021
Term Loan Credit Agreement maturing on August 31, 2026. Amortization payments are required quarterly. Interest rate at December 31, 2022 was 11.92%.$346,066 $279,300 
RumbleOn Finance line of credit dated February 4, 2022 and maturing on February 4, 2025. Interest rate at December 31, 2022 was 7.25%.25,000 — 
PPP Loans maturing on April 1, 2025. Balance was forgiven during the year ended December 31, 2022.— 2,534 
Unsecured note payable to P&D Motorcycles.— 1,031 
Unsecured notes payable to RideNow Management, LLLP, a related party through equal
ownership by two former directors of the Company.
— 907 
Total principal amount371,066 283,772 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs(28,572)(25,862)
Total long-term debt342,494 257,910 
Less: Current portion of long-term debt(3,645)(4,322)
Long-term debt, net of current portion$338,849 $253,588 

As of December 31, 2022, future principal debt payments are due as follows:
2023$3,645 
20243,645 
202528,645 
2026335,131 
2027— 
Total debt payments$371,066 

Floor plan notes payable as of December 31,
20222021
Floor plan notes payable - trade$75,387 $15,119 
Floor plan notes payable - non-trade150,04482,159
Floor plan notes payable$225,431 $97,278 
Floor plan notes payable-trade reflects amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new and, 2016:to a lesser extent, used vehicle inventory with corresponding manufacturers' captive finance subsidiaries (“trade lenders”). Floor plan notes payable-non-trade represents amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new andused vehicle inventories with non-trade lenders. Changes in vehicle floor plan notes payable- trade are reported as operating cash flows and changes in floor plan notes payable-non-trade are reported as financing cash flows in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
New inventory costs are generally reduced by manufacturer holdbacks, incentives, floor plan assistance, and non-reimbursement-based manufacturer advertising rebates, while the related vehicle floor plan payables are reflective of the gross cost of the vehicle. The vehicle floor plan payables, as shown in the above table, will generally also be higher than the inventory cost due to the timing of the sale of a vehicle and payment of the related liability. Vehicle floor plan facilities are due on demand, but in the case of new vehicle inventories, are generally paid within several business days after the related vehicles are sold. Vehicle floor plan facilities are primarily collateralized by vehicle inventories and related receivables.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Notes payable-NextGen dated February 8, 2017. Interest is payable semi-annually at 6.5% through February 9, 2019 and 8.5% through maturity which is February 8, 2020.
 $1,333,334 
 $- 
 
    
    
Notes payable-private placement dated March 31, 2017. Interest is payable at maturity and accrues at 6.5% through March 31, 2019 and 8.5% through maturity which is March 31, 2020.
  667,000 
  - 
 
    
    
Convertible note payable-related party dated July 13, 2016. Interest rate of 6.0% which is accrued and paid at maturity. Note matures on July 26, 2026. Note is convertible into common stock, in whole at any time before maturity at the option of the holder at $.75 per share.
  - 
  197,358 
 
    
    
Line of credit-floor plan dated November 2, 2017. Facility provides up to $2,000,000 of available credit secured by vehicle inventory and other assets. Interest rate at December 31, 2017 was 6.5%. Principal and interest is payable on demand.
  1,081,593 
  - 
 
    
    
Less: Debt discount
  (540,924)
  (196,076)
 
 $2,541,003 
 $1,282 
Current portion
  1,081,593 
  - 
Long-term portion
 $1,459,410 
 $1,282 
New vehicle floor plan facilities generally utilize LIBOR or ADB (Average Daily Balance)-based interest rates, which generally ranged between 7% and 16% as of December 31, 2022. Used vehicle floor plan facilities generally utilize prime, LIBOR or ADB-based interest rates, which ranged between 6% and 16% as of December 31, 2022. The aggregate capacity to finance our inventory under the new and used vehicle floor plan facilities was $407,680 as of December 31, 2022.
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Note Payable-NextGen
Term Loan Credit Agreement
On the RideNow Closing Date, the Company entered into a new Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Oaktree Credit Agreement”) among the Company, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Administrative Agent”). The Oaktree Credit Agreement provides for secured credit facilities in the form of a $280,000 principal amount of initial term loans (the “Initial Term Loan Facility”) and a $120,000 in aggregate principal amount of delayed draw term loans (the “Delayed Draw Term Loans Facility”). The proceeds from the Initial Term Loan Facility was used to consummate the RideNow Transaction and to provide for working capital. Loans under the Delayed Draw Term Loans Facility are subject to customary conditions precedent for facilities of this type including the need to meet certain financial tests and become available six (6) months after the RideNow Closing Date and are unavailable to be drawn after the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the RideNow Closing Date.
On February 8, 2017,18, 2022, in conjunction the Freedom Transaction, the Company drew down $84,500 against the Oaktree Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, the Oaktree Credit Agreement provides for up to $120,000, of which $35,500 is available, in additional financing that may be used for acquisitions and up to an additional $100,000 in incremental financing that may be used for acquisitions or working capital purposes. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company made a voluntary principal repayment of $15,000 to the Oaktree Credit Facility.
The loan is reported on the balance sheet as senior secured debt net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $24,927, including the fair value of stock warrant of $10,950. Borrowings under the Oaktree Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal, at the Company’s option, to either (a) LIBOR (with a floor of 1.00%), plus an applicable margin of 8.25% or (b) a fluctuating adjusted base rate in effect from time to time, plus an applicable margin of 7.25%. At the Company’s option, one percent (1.00%) of such interest may be payable in kind. The interest rate on December 31, 2022, was 11.92%. Interest expense for the year December 31, 2022 was $42,211, which included amortization of $6,411 related to the discount and debt issuance costs. While the Oaktree Credit Agreement notes that SOFR may be selected as the alternative benchmark rate, this has not been determined as of December 31, 2022. As such, the Company cannot predict the effect of the discontinuance of LIBOR or the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks on interest expense as of December 31, 2022.
Obligations under the Oaktree Credit Agreement are secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its domestic wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) although certain assets of the Company and Subsidiary Guarantors are subject to a first-priority lien in favor of floor plan lenders, and such liens and priority are subject to certain other exceptions. The Subsidiary Guarantors also guarantee the obligations of the Company under the Oaktree Credit Agreement.
In connection with providing the acquisition of NextGen,debt financing for the RideNow Transaction, and pursuant to the commitment letter executed on March 15, 2021, the Company issued a subordinated secured promissory notewarrant to purchase $40,000 of shares at an exercise price of $33.00 per share of Class B common stock to Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. and its lender affiliates (the “Warrant”). During the third quarter of 2022, the exercise price of the Warrant was adjusted to $31.50 and the expiration date was extended to July 25, 2023. The initial warrant liability and deferred financing charge recognized was $10,950. The warrant liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date and any change in favorfair value is recognized as a component of NextGenthe change in derivative liability in the amountConsolidated Statements of $1,333,334. Interest accrues and will be paid semi-annually (i) at a rate of 6.5% annually from the closing date through the second anniversary of such date and (ii) at a rate of 8.5% annually from the second anniversaryOperations. The fair value of the Warrant was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation based on a combination of level 1 and level 2 inputs. Upon closing date throughof the Maturity Date. UponRideNow Transaction, the occurrencewarrants were considered equity linked contracts indexed to the Company’s stock and therefore met the equity classification guidance. As a result, the $19,700 was reclassified to additional paid-in-capital. The $10,950 deferred financing charge was reclassified as part of any eventthe debt discount related to the Oaktree Credit Agreement. The recognition of default, the outstanding balancewarrant liability and deferred financing charge and the reclassification of the warrant liability to additional paid-in capital and the reclassification of the deferred financing charge to debt discount are non-cash items.
Oaktree provided customary representations and covenants under the NextGen Note shall become immediately dueOaktree Credit Agreement which include financial covenants and payable upon electioncollateral performance covenants.
RumbleOn Finance Line of Credit
On February 4, 2022, RumbleOn Finance and ROF SPV I, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of RumbleOn, entered into a Consumer Finance Facility primarily to provide up to $25,000 for the underwriting of consumer loans underwritten by ROF. Credit Suisse is the managing agent of the holder. The Company’s obligationsloan agreement, and RumbleOn Finance is the borrower. All loans under the NextGen Notethis agreement are secured by substantially allcertain collateral including the assetsconsumer finance loans purchased by the ROF Consumer Finance Facility.
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Credit Suisse provided customary representations and covenants under the agreements which include financial covenants and collateral performance covenants. Loans sold to or in the ROF Consumer Finance Facility are subject to certain eligibility criteria, concentration limits and reserves.
Floor Plan Notes Payable
The Company relies on its floorplan vehicle financing credit lines (“Floorplan Lines”) to finance new and used vehicle inventory at its retail locations and for the wholesale segment. Floor plan notes payable - trade reflects amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of NextGen Pro, pursuantspecific new and, to an Unconditional Guaranty Agreementa lesser extent, used vehicle inventory with corresponding manufacturers' captive finance subsidiaries (“trade lenders”). Floor plan notes payable-non-trade represents amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new and used vehicle inventories with non-trade lenders. Changes in vehicle floor plan notes payable- trade are reported as operating cash flows and changes in floor plan notes payable-non-trade are reported as financing cash flows in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Inventory serves as collateral under floor plan notes payable borrowings. The inventory balance in its entirety also serves as collateral under the Oaktree Credit Agreement.
On August 31, 2021, the Company entered into a Floorplan Line with AFC (the “Guaranty Agreement”“AFC Credit Line”), by and among NextGen and NextGen Pro, and a related Security Agreement between. Advances under the parties, each datedAFC Credit Line are limited to $35,000 as of February 8, 2017. Under the terms of the Guaranty Agreement, NextGen Pro has agreed to guarantee the performance of all the Company’s obligations under the NextGen Note.December 31, 2022. Interest expense on the NextGen NotesAFC Credit Line for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $1,600 and $1,849, respectively.
On October 26, 2022, the Company entered into a Floorplan Line with J.P. Morgan (the “J.P. Morgan Credit Line”). Advances under the J.P. Morgan Credit Line are limited to $75,000 as of December 31, 2022. Interest expense on the J.P. Morgan Credit Line for the year ended December 31, 20172022 was $76,457.$66.
Paycheck Protection Program Loans
Notes Payable-Private Placement
On March 31, 2017,May 1, 2020, the Company, completed fundingand its wholly owned subsidiaries Wholesale and Wholesale Express (together, the “Subsidiaries”, and with the Company, the “Borrowers”), each entered into loan agreements and related promissory notes (the “SBA Loan Documents”) to receive U.S. Small Business Administration Loans (the “SBA Loans”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) established under the CARES Act, in the aggregate amount of $5,177 (the “Loan Proceeds”). The balance of the second tranchePPP loans was forgiven by the SBA during the year ended December 31, 2022.

NOTE 11 – CONVERTIBLE NOTES
As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding convertible promissory notes net of debt discount and issue costs are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Face
Amount
Debt
Discount
Carrying
Amount
Face
Amount
Debt
Discount
Carrying
Amount
Convertible senior notes$38,750 $6,860 $31,890 $38,750 $9,508 $29,242 
Convertible notes-Autosport:
 $1,536 unsecured note154154
38,7506,86031,89038,9049,50829,396
Less: Current portion154154
Long-term portion$38,750 $6,860 $31,890 $38,750 $9,508 $29,242 
Convertible Senior Notes
On January 10, 2020, the Company entered into a Note Exchange and Subscription Agreement, as amended by a Joinder Agreement (together, the "New Note Agreement"), with the investors in the 2019 Note Offering, pursuant to which the Company agreed to complete (i) a note exchange pursuant to which $30,000 of the 2016 Private Placement (as defined below)Old Notes would be cancelled in exchange for a new series of 6.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the "New Notes," and together with the Old Notes, the "Notes") and (ii) the issuance of additional New Notes in a private placement in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act as a sale not involving any public offering (the "2020 Note Offering"). On
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January 14, 2020, the Company closed the 2020 Note Offering. The investorsproceeds for the 2020 Note Offering after deducting for payment of accrued interest on the Old Notes and offering-related expenses were approximately $8,272.
The New Notes were issued 1,161,920on January 14, 2020 pursuant to an Indenture (the "New Indenture"), by and between the Company and the Trustee. The New Note Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants by the Company and customary closing conditions. The New Notes bear interest at 6.75% per annum, payable semiannually on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on July 1, 2020. The New Notes may bear additional interest under specified circumstances relating to the Company's failure to comply with its reporting obligations under the New Indenture or if the New Notes are not freely tradeable as required by the New Indenture. The New Notes mature on January 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased pursuant to their terms.
The initial conversion rate of the New Notes is 25 shares of Class B Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Company and promissory notes (the “Private Placement Notes”)New Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of $40.00 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain events as set forth in the amount of $667,000, in consideration of cancellation of loan agreements having an aggregate principal amount committed by the purchasers of $1,350,000. Under the terms of the Private Placement Notes, interest shall accrue on the outstandingNew Indenture but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid principal amounts until paid in full. The Private Placement Notes mature on March 31, 2020. Interest accrues at a rate of 6.5% annually from the closing date through the second anniversary of such date and at a rate of 8.5% annually from the second anniversary of the closing date through the maturity date. Uponinterest. In addition, upon the occurrence of any event of default, the outstanding balance under the Private Placement Notes shall become immediately due and payable upon election of the holders. Based on the relative fair values attributed to the Class B Common Stock and promissory notes issued in the 2016 Private Placement, the Company recorded a debt discount on the promissory notes of $667,000 with the corresponding amounts as addition to paid in capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense until the scheduled maturity of the Private Placement Notes in March 2020 using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate at December 31, 2017 was 26.0%. Interest expense on the Private Placement Notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $158,740, which included debt discount amortization of $126,076 for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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Notes Payable-Senior Secured Promissory Notes
On September 5, 2017, the Company executed Senior Secured Promissory Notes (the “Notes”) in favor of several investors, including certain executive officers and directors of the Company, in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000 (“Principal Amount”), which includes an aggregate original issue discount of $150,000. The proceeds to the Company from the Senior Secured Promissory Notes, net of original issuance discount, was $1,500,000. The Senior Secured Promissory Notes are secured by an interest in all the Company’s Collateral, as such term is"make-whole fundamental change" (as defined in the Senior Secured Promissory Notes. The Senior Secured Promissory Notes mature on September 5, 2018 and bear interest at a rate equal to 5% per annum through December 31, 2017, and a rate of 10% per annum thereafter. Interest is payable monthly in arrears. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the outstanding balance under the Senior Secured Promissory Notes shall become immediately due and payable upon election of the holders. The Principal Amount and any unpaid interest accrued thereon may be prepaid byNew Indenture), the Company at any time priorwill, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its New Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. Before July 1, 2024, the New Notes will be convertible only under circumstances as described in the New Indenture. No adjustment to the maturity date without premiumconversion rate as a result of conversion or penalty upon five days prior written noticea make-whole fundamental change adjustment will result in a conversion rate greater than 62.0 shares per $1,000 in principal amount.
The New Indenture contains a "blocker provision" which provides that no holder (other than the depository with respect to the noteholder. If the Company consummates in onenotes) or more transactions financing of any nature resulting in net proceeds available to the Company of $5,000,000 or more, then the noteholders may require the Company to prepay the Senior Secured Promissory Notes on thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Company. The original issue discount is amortized to interest expense until the scheduled maturity of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes in September 2018 using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate at September 30, 2017 was 10.0%. Interest expense on the Senior Secured Promissory Notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $161,075 which included $150,000 of original issue discount amortization. On October 23, 2017, the Company completed a public offering and used approximately $1,661,075 of the net proceeds of the offering for the repayment of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000, plus accrued interest, which resulted in the termination of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes.
Line of Credit-Floor Plan
On November 2, 2017, the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary RMBL Missouri, LLC (the “Borrower”), entered into a floor plan line of credit (the “Credit Line”) with NextGear Capital, Inc. (“NextGear”) in the amount of $2,000,000, or such lesser sum which may be advanced to or on behalf of the Borrower from time to time, pursuant to that certain Demand Promissory Note and Loan and Security Agreement. Any advance under the Credit Line bears interest on a per annum basis from the date of the request of such advance (or date of the financed receivable, as applicable), based upon a 360-day year, and such interest shall be compounded daily until such outstanding advances are paid in full at a rate of interest set forth in schedules published by NextGear. As of November 2, 2017, the effective rate of interest is 6.5%. Advances and interest under the Credit Line are due and payable upon demand, but, in general, in no event later than 150 days from the date of request for the advance (or the date of purchase in the casebeneficial owner of a universal funding agreement), or ofNew Note shall have the receivable, as applicable. Upon any event of default (including, without limitation, the Borrower’s obligation to pay upon demand any outstanding liabilities of the Credit Line), NextGear may, at its option and without notice to the Borrower, exercise its right to demand immediate payment of all liabilities and other indebtedness and amounts owed to NextGear and its affiliates by the Borrower and its affiliates. The Credit Line is secured by a grant of a security interest in the vehicle inventory and other assets of the Borrower and payment is guaranteed by the Company pursuant to a guaranty in favor of the NextGear and its affiliates.
Convertible Note Payable-Related Party
On July 13, 2016, the Company entered into an unsecured convertible note (the “BHLP Note”) with Berrard Holdings, an entity owned and controlled by a current officer and director, Mr. Berrard, pursuant to which the Company was required to repay $191,858 on or before July 13, 2026 plus interest at 6% per annum. The BHLP Note was also convertible into common stock, in whole, at any time before maturity at the option of the holder at the greater of $0.06 per share or 50% of the price per share of the next qualified financing which is defined as $500,000 or greater. Effective August 31, 2016, the principal amount of the BHLP Note was amended to include an additional $5,500 loaned to the Company, on the same terms. On November 28, 2016, the Company completed its qualified financing at $1.50 per share which established the conversion price per share for the BHLP Note of $0.75 per share, resulting in the principal amount of the BHLP Note being convertible into 263,144receive shares of Class B Common Stock. As such, November 28, 2016 became the “commitment date” for determining the value of the BHLP Note conversion feature. Because there had been no trading in the Company’s common stock since July 2014, other than the purchase by Berrard Holdings of 99.5% of the outstanding shares in a single transaction, the Company used the Monte Carlo simulation to determine the intrinsic value of the conversion feature of the BHLP Note, which resulted in a value in excess of the principal amount of the BHLP Note. Thus, the Company recorded a note discount of $197,358 with the corresponding amount as an addition to paid in capital. This note discount was amortized to interest expense until the scheduled maturity of the BHLP Note in July 2026 or until it was converted using the effective interest method. On March 31, 2017, the Company issued 275,312 shares of Class B Common Stock upon full conversion of the BHLP Note, having an aggregate principal amount, including accrued interest, of $206,484 and a conversion price of $0.75 per share. In connection with the conversion of the BHLP Note, the remaining debt discount of $196,076 was charged to interest expense in the Consolidated statements of operations and the related deferred tax liability was credited to Additional paid in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
F-18
NOTE 6 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
On January 9, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved, subject to stockholder approval, the adoption of the RumbleOn, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), On June 30, 2017, the Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The purposes of the Plan are to attract, retain, reward and motivate talented, motivated and loyal employees and other service providers (“Eligible Individuals”) by providing them with an opportunity to acquire or increase a proprietary interest in the Company and to incentivize them to expend maximum effort for the growth and success of the Company, so as to strengthen the mutuality of the interests between such persons and the stockholders of the Company. The Plan will allow the Company to grant a variety of stock-based and cash-based awards to Eligible Individuals. Twelve percent (12%) of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock from time to time are reserved for issuance under the Plan. As of December 31, 2017, 11,928,541 shares are issued and outstanding, resulting in up to 1,431,424 shares available for issuance under the Plan. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has granted 741,000 RSUs under the Plan to certain officers and employees of the Company. The aggregate fair value of the RSUs, net of expected forfeitures was $2,761,740. The RSUs generally vest over a three-year period as follows: (i) 20% on the first anniversary of the grant date; (ii) 30% on the second anniversary of the grant date; and (iii) 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. The fair value of the grant is amortized over the period from the grant date through the vesting dates. Compensation expense recognized for these grants for the year ended December 31, 2017 is $503,023. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has approximately $2,258,718 in unrecognized stock-based compensation, with an average remaining vesting period of 2.5 years.
On January 9, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders holding 6,375,000 of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”), to change the name of the Company to RumbleOn, Inc. and to create an additional class of common stock of the Company, which was effective on February 13, 2017 (the “Effective Date”).
Immediately before approving the Certificate of Amendment, the Company had authorized 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value (the “Authorized Common Stock”), including 6,400,000 issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Outstanding Common Stock, and together with the Authorized Common Stock, the “Common Stock”). Pursuant to the Certificate of Amendment, the Company designated 1,000,000 shares of Authorized Common Stock as Class A Common Stock (the “Class A Common Stock”), which Class A Common Stock ranks pari passu with all of the rights and privileges of the Common Stock, except that holders of the Class A Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding, and all other shares of Common Stock, including all shares of Outstanding Common Stock shall be deemed Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”), which Class B Common Stock is identical to the Class A Common Stock in all material respects, except that holders of the Class B Common Stock are entitledupon conversion to one vote per sharethe extent that, following receipt of such shares, such holder or beneficial owner would be the beneficial owner of more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding.Stock.
Also on January 9, 2017, the Company’s BoardThe New Notes are subject to events of Directors and stockholders holding 6,375,000default typical for this type of the Company’s issued and outstanding sharesinstrument. If an event of common stock approved the issuance to (i) Marshall Chesrowndefault, other than an event of 875,000 sharesdefault in connection with certain events of Class A Common Stock in exchange for an equal number of shares of Class B Common Stock held by Mr. Chesrown, and (ii) Steven R. Berrard of 125,000 shares of Class A Common Stock in exchange for an equal number of shares of Class B Common Stock held by Mr. Berrard, effective at the time the Certificate of Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada.
On February 13, 2017, the Effective Date, the Company filed the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada changing the Company’s name to RumbleOn, Inc. and creating the Class A and Class B Common Stock. Also on the Effective Date, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to Messrs. Chesrown and Berrard in exchange for an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock held by them. Also on the Effective Date, the Company amended its bylaws to reflect the name change to RumbleOn, Inc. and to reflect the Company’s primary place of business as Charlotte, North Carolina.
On March 31, 2017, the Company completed the sale of 620,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001, at a price of $4.00 per share for aggregate proceeds of $2,480,000 in the private placement (the “2017 Private Placement”). Officers and directorsbankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company acquired 175,000 shares of Class B Common Stock inor any significant subsidiary, occurs and is continuing, the 2017 Private Placement. In May 2017,Trustee by notice to the Company, completedor the saleholders of an additional 37,500 shares of Class B Common Stockat least 25% in the 2017 Private Placement. Proceeds from the 2017 Private Placement were used to complete the launchprincipal amount of the Company’s website, www.rumbleon.com, acquire vehicle inventory, continue developmentoutstanding New Notes by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare 100.0% of the Company’s platform,principal of and for working capital purposes.accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the New Notes then outstanding to be due and payable. The New Notes also contain conversion features related to certain events, which include liquidation or dissolution, as well as fundamental changes to the structure or ownership of the Company.
On June 30, 2017,In connection with the 2020 Note Offering, on January 14, 2020, the Company filedentered into a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”)registration rights agreement with the Note Investors, pursuant to which the Company has agreed to file with the SEC coveringa shelf registration statement registering the resalesale, on a continuous or delayed basis, of 8,993,541 sharesall of Class B Common Stock issued in the NextGen acquisitionNew Notes and to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the 2017 Private Placementshelf registration statement to become or be declared effective under the Securities Act no later than May 29, 2020 (which date was adjusted for certain intervening events, including the COVID-19 pandemic). The registration statement was filed on June 19, 2020 and other shares previously held by our stockholders, including our officers and directors. The SEC declared the Registration Statement effective on July 7, 2017.June 30, 2020. In connection with the filing of the Registration Statement, our officersregistration statement, the Company deregistered the Old Notes previously registered for resale.
The Company accounted for the exchange of the Old Notes and directorsthe issuance of the New Notes in accordance with the conversion guidance in ASC 470-20 “Debt – Debt with Conversion and certain stockholders entered intoOther Option” (“ASC 470-20”) and determined that the exchange of the Old Notes for the New Notes required derecognition of the Old Notes given that the difference in the fair value of the embedded the conversion feature of the New Notes relative to the Old Notes was in excess of 10 percent of the Old Notes conversion feature fair value. In derecognizing the Old Notes, the Company recognized a lock-up agreement restricting, throughgain of $188 equal to difference between the fair value of the Old Notes liability immediately prior to extinguishment and the carry amount of the liability component of the Old Notes, including any all-unamortized debt issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2020. The remaining consideration of $2,593 was allocated to the reacquisition of the equity component and recognized as a reduction of stockholder's equity during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The New Notes are not redeemable by the Company before January 14, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Senior Notes, at its option, on or after January 14, 2023 if the last reported sale price of the Class B common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Senior Notes.
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The Convertible Senior Notes rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Senior Notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of current or future subsidiaries of the Company (including trade payables). The Convertible Senior Notes were accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 470, Debt and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which required bifurcation of the liability and equity components. The Company determined the carrying amount of the liability component was $25,280 and represents the present value of the Convertible Senior Notes cash flows using an implied discount rate of 18.7% which is a yield applicable to similar debt instruments that do not have the conversion feature. After allocation of the initial proceeds to the liability components, the remaining amount was allocated to the equity component and recorded as additional paid in capital. The Company recorded $13,529 in total debt discount related to the Convertible Senior Notes which included $60 of debt issuance costs. The Company allocates costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification The Company further valued a derivative liability in connection with the interest make-whole provision at $21 on the issuance date based on a lattice model. This amount was recorded as a debt discount and is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes using the effective interest rate. The derivative liability is remeasured at each reporting date, and the change in fair value of $45 is included in change in derivative liability in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The value of the derivative liability as of December 31, 2022 was $66.
The interest expense recognized with respect to the Convertible Senior Notes for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
20222021
Contractual interest expense$2,616 $2,616 
Amortization of debt discounts2,647 2,229 
Total$5,263 $4,845 

NOTE 12 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Stock-Based Compensation
On June 30, 2017, the resaleCompany’s shareholders approved a Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) allowing for the issuance of an aggregateRestricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), Stock Options (“Options”), Performance Units, and other equity awards (collectively “Awards”). As of 6,848,800December 31, 2022, the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan was 2,700,000 shares of ourClass B common stock. To date, most RSU and Option awards are service/time based vested over a period of up to three years. The Company has also granted performance-based awards and market condition-based awards with vesting schedules that are typically dependent on achieving a particular objective within thirty-six months. In connection with the closing of the RideNow Transaction, the Company accelerated all the outstanding RSU awards for all participants and waived certain market-based share price hurdles for all market-based awards on the RideNow Closing Date. This waiver was accounted for as a modification of the awards. The fair value of the awards was remeasured as of effective date of the waiver, and the change in fair value was fully expensed during the year ended December 31, 2022 given the concurrent delivery of such shares.
The Company estimates the fair value of all awards granted under the Plan on the date of grant. In the case of time or service based RSU awards, the fair value based on the share price of the Class B Common Stock on the date of the award. Performance Awards use the share prices of the Class B Common Stock but the Company, both at grant and each subsequent quarter, considers whether to a apply discount to the fair in situations where the Company believes there is risk that the relevant performance metrics may not be met. Options are calculated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model while market-condition based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model as these awards are tied to a market condition. Both the Black-Sholes and Monte-Carlo simulations utilize multiple input variables to determine the probability of the Company’s Class B stock price being at certain prices over certain time periods, resulting in an implied value to the holder. On September 30, 2021, the Audit Committee approved the issuance of 154,731 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock held by them and subjectas a gift of a death benefit to the Registration Statement.estate of Mr. Steven R. Berrard, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer and a director. Mr. Berrard was one of the Company’s founders.
We generally expense the grant-date fair value of all awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. However, the acceleration of awards as described above resulted in the awards being expensed in the three-months ended September 30,
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2021. The following table reflects stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
For the Years Ended December 31,
20222021
Restricted stock units$9,372 $29,188 
Options31
Total stock-based compensation$9,372 $29,219 
TableAs of Contents
On October 23, 2017,December 31, 2022, there are 2,380 Options and 588,948 RSUs outstanding. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding equity awards was approximately $15,741 which the Company completed an underwritten public offeringexpects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 2,910,000approximately 13 months.
As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized stock-based amortization related to outstanding RSU and stock awards and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized subsequent to December 31, 2022 is presented in the table below. Total unrecognized equity will be adjusted for actual forfeitures.
Unrecognized
Stock Based
Compensations
Related to
Outstanding
Awards
Remaining
Weighted-Average
Amortization
Period (in years)
Restricted stock units$15,741 1.09
Options
Total unrecognized stock-based amortization$15,741 1.09
Restricted Stock Units
RSU activity during the years ending December 31, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
Number of
RSUs
Weighted
-Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2020443,843$13.26 
Granted1,320,78237.03 
Vested(723,334)32.52 
Forfeited(129,163)15.86 
Outstanding at December 31, 2021912,12837.48 
Granted551,15027.92 
Vested(271,596)35.36 
Forfeited(162,734)34.19 
Cancellation of units under LTIP plan(440,000)35.47 
Outstanding at December 31, 2022588,948$31.92 
Expected to vest588,948$31.92 
Non-qualified Stock Options
Non-qualified stock options allow recipients to purchase shares of Class B common stock at a fixed exercise price. The fixed exercise price is equal to the price of a share of Class B common stock at the time of grant. The options expire ten years after the grant date and typically vest 20% between nine-months and one-year after the grant date and thereafter in quarterly installments of 7.5% and 12.5% during the 2nd and 3rd vesting years, respectively.
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Number of
Options
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20202,751$79.76 9.6
Options granted— 
Options exercised— 
Options forfeited or expires(200)81.60 
Outstanding at December 31, 20212,55179.62 8.7
Options granted— 
Options exercised— 
Options forfeited or expires(171)81.60 
Outstanding at December 31, 20222,380$79.48 6.7
Vested / exercisable at December 31, 20222,380$79.48 7.7
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2022$— 7.7

Security Offerings
In January 2020, the Company realized approximately $10,780 in net proceeds from public offering of 1,170,000 shares of Class B Common Stock at a public price of $5.50$11.40 per share for(the “2020 Public Offering”).
On May 18, 2020, the Company effected a one-for-twenty reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”).
On April 8, 2021, the Company realized approximately $36,797 in net proceeds from public offering of 1,048,998 shares of Class B common stock at a price to the Companypublic of approximately $14,500,000 after deducting$38.00 per share (the “April 2021 Offering”). In conjunction with the underwriting discount and offering fees and expenses payable byRideNow Transaction, on August 31, 2021, the Company (the “Offering”). Theraised approximately $154,443 in net proceeds from the sale of 5,053,029 shares of Class B common stock at a price to the public of $33.00 per share.
Warrant
In connection with providing the debt financing for the RideNow Transaction, and pursuant to the commitment letter executed on March 15, 2021, the Company also granted the underwriters a 30-day option, which expires on November 19, 2017,issued warrants to purchase up to an additional 436,500$40,000 of shares of Class B common stock to cover over-allotments.Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. and its lender affiliates (the “Warrant”). The Company used $1,661,075initial Warrant liability and deferred financing charge recognized was $10,950. The warrant liability was subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date and any change in fair value was recognized as a component of change in derivative liability in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the net proceedsWarrant was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation based on a combination of level 1 and level 2 inputs. There was no gain or loss recorded related to the Warrant liability during the three-months ended March 31, 2021 as there was no significant changes in the fair value between March 12, 2021 and March 31, 2021. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the fair value of the Offering forwarrant liability was increased $2,224 to $13,174. On August 31, 2021, the repaymentfair value of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000, plus accrued interest, which resulted in the terminationwarrant liability was increased $6,526 to $19,700. Upon closing of the Senior Secured Promissory Notes.RideNow transaction, the Oaktree warrants were considered equity linked contracts indexed to RumbleOn’s stock and therefore met the equity classification guidance under ASC 815-40. As a result, the $19,700 was reclassified to additional paid-in-capital. The Company intends to use the remaining net proceeds$10,950 deferred financing charge was reclassified as part of the Offering for workingdebt discount related to the Oaktree Credit Agreement. The recognition of the warrant liability and deferred financing charge and the reclassification of the warrant liability to additional paid-in capital and general corporate purposes, which may include purchases of additional inventory held for sale, increased spending on marketing and advertising and capital expenditures necessary to grow the business.
Also, in connection with the Offering, on October 19, 2017, the Class B Common Stock uplisted from the OTCQB and began trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “RMBL.”
At December 31, 2016, the Company was authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value (the “Authorized Common Stock”), including 6,400,000 issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Outstanding Common Stock, and together with the Authorized Common Stock, the “Common Stock”). Pursuant to the Certificate of Amendment, the Company designated 1,000,000 shares of Authorized Common Stock as Class A Common Stock (the “Class A Common Stock”), which Class A Common Stock ranks pari passu with allreclassification of the rights and privileges of the Common Stock, except that holders of the Class A Common Stockdeferred financing charge to debt discount are entitled to ten votes per share of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding, and (ii) all other shares of Common Stock, including all shares of Outstanding Common Stock shall be deemed Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”), which Class B Common Stock will be identical to the Class A Common Stock in all respects, except that holders of the Class B Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share of Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding.On November 28, 2016, the Company completed a private placement with certain purchasers, with respect to the sale of an aggregate of 900,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a purchase price of $1.50 per share for total consideration of $1,350,000 (the “2016 Private Placement”). In connection with the 2016 Private Placement, the Company also entered into loan agreements, pursuant to which the purchasers would loan to the Company their pro rata share of up to $1,350,000 in the aggregate upon the request of the Company at any time on or after January 31, 2017 and before November 1, 2020. On March 31, 2017, the Company completed the second tranche of the 2016 Private Placement. For additional information, see Note 5“Notes Payable.”non-cash items.
NOTE 713 – COMMON STOCK WARRANTS
In connection with the October 23, 2017 public offering of 2,910,000145,500 shares of Class B common stock, the Company issued to underwriters warrants to purchase 218,25010,913 shares of Class B common stock, which was equal to 7.5% of the aggregate number of shares of Class B common stock sold in the Offering. The Warrants are exercisable at a per share price of $6.325,$126.50, which was equal to 115%115.0% of the Offering price per share of the shares sold in the Offering. The Warrants are exercisableOffering and expire on April 20, 2023. In
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April, 2018, pursuant to the Loan Agreement by and among Hercules Capital, the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Company issued Hercules a warrant to purchase 4,091 (increasing to 5,455 if a fourth tranche in the principal amount of up to $5,000 is advanced at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-year period commencing one year from the effective dateparties agreement) shares of the registration statement relatedCompany's Class B Common Stock (the “Hercules April Warrant”) at an exercise price of $110.00 per share (the “Hercules April Warrant Price”). The Hercules April Warrant is immediately exercisable and expires on April 30, 2023. In October, 2018, under an amendment to the Offering.Loan Agreement, the company issued Hercules a warrant to purchase 1,048 shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock (the “Hercules October Warrant”) at an exercise price of $143.13 per share (the “Hercules October Warrant Price”). The Hercules October Warrant is immediately exercisable and expires on October 30, 2023. The Hercules warrants contain anti-dilutive provisions that increase the number of shares covered by the warrants in the event the Company makes a New Issuance (as defined in the Loan Agreement) for no consideration or consideration that is less than the Warrant Prices. The following table summarizes the warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
20222021
Warrants outstanding at the beginning of the year16,53016,530
New warrant issuances to Hercules
Adjustment to the Hercules warrants due to the anti-dilutive provisions
Warrants outstanding at the end of the year16,53016,530
The Company has classified the warrants as equity in accordance with ASC 815. The fair value of the warrants were valued at issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
Underwriter
Warrants
Hercules April
Warrants
Hercules October
Warrants
Warrants exercise price$126.50 $110.00 $143.20 
Fair value price per share of common stock$110.00 $101.40 $114.60 
Volatility62.0%70.0%70.0%
Expected term remaining (years)4.04.04.0
Risk-free interest rate1.31%2.79%2.94%
Discount for lack of marketability20.0%20.0%20.0%
Dividend yield
Fair value at initial valuation date$505,273 $208,369 $59,292 
Warrants exercise price
$6.325
Fair value price per share of common stock
$5.50
Warrants outstanding
218,250
Volatility
62.0%
Expected term remaining (years)
5.0
Risk-free interest rate
1.31%
Dividend yield
-

NOTE 14 – LOSS PER SHARE
The dividend yield assumptionCompany computes basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighed-average number of zeroshares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is based uponcomputed giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and presently have no intention to do so. The risk-free interest rate used for each warrant classified as a derivative is equal to the U.S. Treasury rate. The expected term is based on the remaining contractual livesperiod.
For purposes of the warrants at the valuation date. Since the Company’s stock was not traded frequently in the years before the valuation date the volatility may not reasonably reflect the Company’s true volatility. Therefore, we relied on the average volatility of selected comparable companies. There were no warrants exercised or forfeitedthis calculation for the year ended December 31, 2017. There was no aggregate intrinsic value2022, 588,948 of unvested RSUs, 2,380 of stock options, 1,212,121 of Oaktree Warrants to purchase shares of Class B common stock, 16,531 of other warrants to purchase shares of Class B Common Stockand 982,107 shares of Class B Common Stock issuable in connection with convertible debt are considered common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the warrants atcalculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effect is antidilutive.
For purposes of this calculation for the year ended December 31, 2017.
The fair value2021, 912,128 of unvested RSUs, 2,551 of stock options, 1,212,121 of warrants to purchase shares of Class B Common Stock, 16,531 of other warrants to purchase shares of Class B Common Stockand 982,107 shares of Class B Common Stock issuable in connection with convertible debt are considered common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the warrants atcalculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the initial valuation date was $505,273.
effect is antidilutive.
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Table of Contents

NOTE 815 – SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
The following table summarizes the detail of selling, general and administrative expenseexpenses for the years ended December 31,
20222021
Advertising, marketing and selling$31,327 $14,425 
Compensation and related costs213,300 63,473 
Facilities43,413 9,568 
General and administrative65,623 45,400 
Stock based compensation9,372 29,219 
Technology development and software3,352 1,992 
$366,387 $164,077 

NOTE 16 – INCOME TAXES
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
20222021
Current
Federal$3,742 $— 
State290 880 
Total current income tax expense4,032 880 
Deferred
Federal(62,724)(21,028)
State(13,906)(1,517)
Total deferred income tax benefit(76,630)(22,545)
Income tax benefit$(72,598)$(21,665)
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Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between amounts recorded for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for tax purposes. The major components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward$16,767 $20,316 
Business interest carryforward8,777 2,992 
Stock-based compensation477 796 
Accounts receivable allowance528 209 
Lease liabilities36,032 33,008 
Inventory reserve1,530 290 
Goodwill and intangible assets34,945 — 
Transaction costs1,269 1,027 
Accrued liabilities1,782 57 
Total deferred tax assets102,107 58,695 
Valuation allowance(708)— 
Deferred tax assets, net101,399 58,695 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles and goodwill— 30,614 
Right-of-use assets38,657 32,740 
Debt issuance costs amortization830 1,173 
Property and equipment3,797 1,754 
Total deferred tax liabilities43,284 66,281 
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)$58,115 $(7,586)
A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate of 21% to the Company's effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
20222021
U.S. Federal statutory rate21.0%21.0%
State and local, net of federal benefit3.5%(13.0)%
Derivative expense—%(5.9)%
Executive compensation—%(8.5)%
Other0.2%(0.7)%
Stock-based compensation(0.3)%0.5%
Goodwill impairment(6.8)%—%
IRC Section 338(h)(10) election4.3%—%
Change in valuation allowance(0.2)%75.6%
Effective tax rate21.7%69.0%
In assessing the recovery of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of future deferred tax assets, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. In estimating future taxable income, the Company relies upon assumptions and estimates about future
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activities, including the amount of future federal and state pretax operating income that the Company will generate; the reversal of temporary differences; and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. Based on this analysis, and as a result of the future taxable income generated by the RideNow acquisition, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized, and accordingly released its full valuation allowance of $23,742 during 2021.
The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize the deferred tax assets. Management evaluated the realizability of the Company’s state net operating loss carryforwards and made the decision to record a valuation allowance against certain state net operating losses as it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized due to the changes in the Company’s state footprint as a result of the planned repositioning associated with the wholesale business. Accordingly, a valuation allowance of $708 has been established against these state net operating losses. Management reevaluates the positive and negative evidence at each reporting period.
Changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 related primarily to the increase in state net operating loss carryforwards in 2022, and release of the Company’s valuation allowance in 2021 were as follows:
20222021
Valuation allowance as of beginning of the year$— 23,742 
Increases recorded to income tax provision708 — 
Decreases recorded as a benefit to income tax provision— (23,742)
Valuation allowance as of end of year$708 $— 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards of $73,213 and $91,246, all of which were generated in years ending after December 31, 2017 and 2016:can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company’s state net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 are $19,852, a portion of which begin to expire in 2029. As a result of various ownership changes, the Company’s federal and state net operating losses are subject to limitations under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 382. Pursuant to the Company’s Section 382 analysis, the net operating losses generated prior to 2017 were determined to be not realizable as they arose from a different trade or business and were written off as part of the Company’s income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022. Due to the Company’s projected income in future years and the indefinite-lived nature of its remaining net operating losses, none of these attributes are expected to expire unutilized as a result of the IRC Section 382 limitation analysis.
The Company does not have unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes both accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company has not recorded any interest and penalties on any unrecognized tax benefits since its inception. Based on the statutes of limitations in the applicable jurisdictions in which the Company operates, tax years 2017 through 2021 remain open to examination by the U.S. federal and state taxing jurisdictions, as carryforward attributes generated in prior years may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or state tax authorities if they have or will be used in a future period. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions. There are currently no federal or state audits in progress for any tax years.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Selling, General and Administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and related costs
 $3,111,363 
 $- 
Advertising and marketing
  1,731,028 
  - 
Professional fees
  890,580 
  153,668 
Technology development
  452,957 
  - 
General and administrative
  1,401,071 
  57,825 
 
 $7,586,999 
 $211,493 
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ("IRA") was signed into law. The IRA includes implementation of a new alternative minimum tax, an excise tax on stock buybacks, and significant tax incentives for energy and climate initiatives, among other provisions. The Company is evaluating the provisions included under the IRA and does not expect the provisions to have a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 917 – SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The following table includes supplemental cash flow information, including noncash investing and financing activity for the years ended December 31, 20172022 and 2016:2021:
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
 $203,578 
 $17,909 
 
    
    
Note payable issued on acquisition
 $1,333,334 
 $- 
 
    
    
Conversion of notes payable-related party
 $206,209 
 $- 
 
    
    
Issuance of shares for acquisition
 $2,666,666 
 $- 
20222021
Cash paid for interest$49,377 $12,075 
Fair value of 1,048,718 Class B common stock issued in the Freedom Transaction$26,511 $— 
Cash paid for taxes, net$6,581 $— 

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F-21
TableThe following table provides a reconciliation of Contents
NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES
U.S. Tax Reform
On December 22, 2017, legislation commonly knowncash and restricted cash reported within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Act, was signed in to law. The Tax Act, among other changes, reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires taxpayers to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings.  On December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any foreign subsidiaries2022 and the international aspects2021:
20222021
Cash and cash equivalents$48,579 $48,974 
Restricted cash (1)
10,000 3,000 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$58,579 $51,974 
(1)Amounts included in restricted cash are primarily comprised of the Tax Act are not applicable.
In connection with the initial analysis of the impact of the Tax Act, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 26.1%. The remeasurement ofdeposits required under the Company’s deferred tax balance was primarily offset by applicationvarious floorplan lines of its valuation allowance.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effectcredit and RumbleOn Finance line of temporary difference between amounts recorded for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for tax purposes. The major components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
 
2017  
 
 
2016
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net operating loss carryforward
 $2,281,369 
 $87,614 
Stock-based compensation
  131,465 
  - 
Total deferred income taxes
  2,412,834 
  87,614 
 
    
    
Deferred tax liabilities:
    
    
Basis difference in property and equipment
  114,150 
  - 
Basis difference in goodwill
  32,190 
  - 
Debt discount-private placement
  116,840 
  78,430 
Total deferred tax liabilities
  263,180 
  78,430 
Net deferred tax asset
  2,149,654 
  9,184 
 
    
    
Valuation allowance
  (2,149,654)
  (87,614)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
 $- 
 $(78,430)
A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate on income tax rate on continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
U.S. Federal statutory rate
  34.0%
  34.0%
Impact of tax reform on net deferred tax assets
  (13.0)
  - 
State and local, net of Federal benefit
  5.1%
  6.0%
Valuation allowance
  (26.1)%
  (39.9)%
Effective tax rate
  - 
  0.01%
No current provision for Federal income taxes was required for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the Company’s operating losses. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has operating loss carryforwards of $8,740,879 and $230,564, respectively, which begin to expire in 2033. We have provided a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets of $2,149,654 and $87,614 for the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In assessing the recovery of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of future deferred tax assets, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
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credit.
NOTE 11 – LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted net loss per share for the year ended, 2017 did not include 735,000 of restricted stock units or 218,250 of warrants to purchase shares of Class B Common Stock as their inclusion would be antidilutive. There were no restricted stock units or warrants outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2016.
NOTE 1218 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Promissory Notes
On March 31, 2017,In connection with the RideNow Transaction, the Company completedassumed two promissory notes totaling principal and accrued interest of $2,821 as of August 31, 2021 due to entities controlled by former directors and executive officers of the saleCompany. Amounts due under these two promissory notes have been paid in full as of 620,000December 31, 2022.
August 2021 Offering
In connection with the RideNow Transaction, on March 12, 2021, the Company and its subsidiary, NextGen Pro, LLC (“NextGen Pro”), executed a secured promissory note with BRF Finance Co., LLC (“BRF Finance”), an affiliate of B. Riley Securities, Inc., one of the underwriters in this offering, pursuant to which BRF Finance loaned the Company $2,500 (the “Bridge Loan”). The Bridge Loan matures on the earlier of September 30, 2021 or, after May 1, 2021, upon the issuance of debt or equity above $2,650. The Bridge Loan was secured by certain intellectual property assets held by NextGen Pro and interest on the loan was at a rate of 12% annually. The Bridge Loan, and all accrued interest was paid upon the closing of the RideNow Transaction.
Denmar Dixon, a former director of the Company, purchased 13,636 shares of Class B Common Stockcommon stock in the 2017 Private Placement. Officers and directorsAugust 2021 Offering at the public price of the Company acquired 175,000 shares of Class B Common Stock in the 2017 Private Placement. In May 2017, the Company completed the sale of an additional 37,500 shares of Class B Common Stock in the 2017 Private Placement. For additional information, see Note 6 “Stockholders’ Equity.”$33.00 per share.
RideNow Leases
A key component of the Company’s business model is to regional partners in the acquisition of pre-owned vehicles as well as utilize these regional partners to provide inspection, reconditioning and distribution services. Correspondingly, the Company will earn fees and transaction income, and the regional partner may earn incremental revenue and enhance profitability through increased sales, leads, and fees from inspection, reconditioning and distribution programs. In connection with the developmentRideNow Transaction, the Company entered into related party leases for 24 properties consisting of dealerships and offices. Each related party lease is with a wholly owned subsidiary of the regional partner program,Company as the tenant and an entity controlled by former directors and executive officers of the Company, tested various aspectsas the landlord. The initial aggregate base rent payment for all 24 leases is approximately $1,229 per month, and each lease commenced a new 20-year term on September 1, 2021, with each lease containing annual 2% increases on base rent.
RideNow Reinsurance Products
The Company sells extended service contracts, prepaid maintenance, GAP insurance, theft protection and tire and wheel products on vehicles sold to customers. Affiliate reinsurance companies previously controlled by and owned primarily by former directors and executives officers of the program by utilizing a dealership to which Mr. Chesrown, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer has provided financingCompany participated in the formprofits of a $400,000 convertible promissory note.these products sold through the RideNow locations. The note matures on May 1, 2019, interest is payable monthly at 5% per annum and can be converted into a 25% ownership interest in the Dealer at any time. Revenue recognizedtotal amount paid by the Company from the Dealer forto these affiliated companies totaled approximately $139 during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $1,618,958 or 22,1%2022. The related party relationship ended February 1, 2022.
Payments to Coulter Management Group LLLP
The company made $250 in payments to Coulter Management Group LLLP, an entity owned by two former directors and executive officers of total Revenue. Included in Cost of Revenue for the Company, at December 31, 2017 includes $1,451,712 or 20.6% of Total Cost of Sales. Included in Accounts receivable at December 31, 2017 is $449,119 owed to the Company by the Dealer.
In addition, the Company presently subleases warehouse space from the Dealer that is separate and distinct from the location of the dealership, on the same terms as paid by the Dealer. This subleased facility serves as the northwestern regional distribution center for the Company. Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2017 is $30,000 for rent owed to the Dealer.
In connection with the NextGen acquisition, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”) with Kartik Kakarala, who formerly served as the Chief Executive Officer of NextGen and now serves as a director of the Company. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, Mr. Kakarala serves as a consultant to the Company. The Consulting Agreement may be cancelled by either party, effective upon delivery of a written notice to the other party. Mr. Kakarala’s compensation pursuant to the Consulting Agreement is $5,000 per month. Forduring the year ended December 31, 20172022.
Payments to RideNow Management, LLLP
The Company made $11 and $479 in payments to RideNow Management, LLLP, an entity owned equally by two former directors and executive officers of the Company, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. On June 27, 2022, the Company paid $40,000 underoff a loan of $673 to RideNow Management LLLP.
Beach Agreement
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On December 31, 2021, the Consulting Agreement. This amountCompany acquired all the business assets of RNBeach, LLC (“Beach”) from former directors and executive officers of the Company. The total purchase price to acquire all the business assets of Beach was approximately $5,528, and cash paid was approximately $5,368.
Bidpath Software License
On January 19, 2022, the Audit Committee approved, and the Company entered into two agreements with Bidpath Incorporated, a company owned by Adam Alexander, a director of the Company that provides the Company with (i) a perpetual, non-exclusive license to the then-current source code, as well as all future source code, of foundational technology for our inventory management platform, and (ii) support and maintenance services, all of which remain in development as of December 31, 2022.
The Company has made cash payments totaling $3,600 for the license during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company pays, on monthly basis since the agreement was signed, $30 for the support and maintenance services. The initial term is includedthirty-six (36) months but can be terminated by either party at any time by providing sixty (60) days' notice to the other party.
Ready Team Grow, LLC
The Company paid $199 to Ready Team Grow, LLC for employee recruiting services during the year ended December 31, 2022. Ready Team Grow, LLC is an entity owned by the domestic partner of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

NOTE 19 - SEGMENT REPORTING
Business segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in Selling, generaldeciding how to allocate resources and administrative expensesin assessing operating performance. Our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business. We have determined that we have three reportable segments as defined in GAAP for segment reporting: (1) powersports, (2) automotive, and (3) vehicle logistics. Our powersports and automotive segments consist of the sale of new and used vehicles. The powersports segment consists of the distribution principally of motorcycles and other powersports vehicles, while the automotive segment distributes cars and trucks. Our vehicle logistics segment provides nationwide transportation brokerage services between dealerships and auctions. Our vehicle logistics reportable segment has been determined to represent one operating segment and reporting unit. The accounting policies of the segments are the same and are described in Note 1.
The following table summarizes revenue, operating income (loss), depreciation and amortization, and interest expense which are the measure by which management allocates resources to its segments to each of our reportable segments.
PowersportsAutomotiveVehicle Logistics
Eliminations(1)
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Total assets$1,870,738 $12,862 $3,857 $(860,247)$1,027,210 
Revenue$1,404,964 $334,432 $57,317 $(3,344)$1,793,369 
Operating income (loss)$(264,914)$(27,130)$4,896 $26 $(287,122)
Depreciation and amortization$22,970 $68 $41 $— $23,079 
Interest expense$(52,163)$(1,704)$(1)$— $(53,868)
Change in derivative liability$39 $— $— $— $39 
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Total assets$1,200,253 $453,752 $14,913 $(641,169)$1,027,749 
Revenue$419,443 $460,888 $48,804 $(4,964)$924,171 
Operating income (loss)$(22,519)$9,905 $3,746 $— $(8,868)
Depreciation and amortization$5,981 $95 $27 $— $6,103 
Interest expense$(14,288)$(2,111)$(6)$— $(16,405)
Change in derivative liability$(8,799)$— $— $— $(8,799)
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(1)Intercompany investment balances related to the acquisitions of Wholesale, Inc. and Wholesale Express, RideNow, and Freedom Powersports, and receivables and other balances related intercompany activities are eliminated in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenue and costs for intercompany services have been eliminated in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For additional information, see Note 2 “Acquisitions.”
In connection with the NextGen acquisition, the Company entered into a Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with Halcyon Consulting, LLC (“Halcyon”), to provide development and support services to the Company. Mr. Kakarala currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Halcyon. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, the Company will pay Halcyon hourly fees for specific services, set forth in the Services Agreement, and such fees may increase on an annual basis, provided that the rates may not be higher than 110% of the immediately preceding year’s rates. The Company will reimburse Halcyon for any reasonable travel and pre-approved out-of-pocket expenses in connection with its services to the Company. For the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company paid $914,099 under the Services Agreement.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had promissory notes of $370,556 and accrued interest of $18,147 due to an entity controlled by a director and to the director of the Company. The promissory notes were issued in connection with the completion of the 2016 Private Placement on March 31, 2017. Interest expense on the promissory notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $158,740 which included debt discount amortization of $126,076. The interest was charged to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and included in accrued interest under long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On September 5, 2017, the Company executed $1,650,000 (“Principal Amount”) of Senior Secured Promissory Notes (the “Notes”) in favor of several investors, including certain executive officers and directors of the Company. The Notes included an aggregate of $150,000 in original issue discount. Officers and directors held $1,214,144 of the Notes. On October 23, 2017, the Company completed a public offering and used $1,661,075 of the net proceeds of the offering for the repayment of the Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,650,000, plus accrued interest, which resulted in the termination of the Notes. Officers and directors received in the aggregate principal amount of $1,218,122, plus accrued interest of $4,144. For the year ended December 31, 2017 interest on the officer and director Notes was $118,121, including $110,000 of debt discount amortization and is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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As of December 31, 2016, the Company had the BHLP Note payable of $197,358 and accrued interest of $5,508 due to an entity that is owned and controlled by a current officer and director of the Company. On March 31, 2017, the Company issued 275,312 shares of Class B Common Stock upon full conversion of the BHLP Note. The accrued interest is included in accrued interest under Long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information, see Note 5 “Notes Payable.”
As of December 31, 2015, the Company had loans of $141,000 and accrued interest of $13,002 due to an entity that is owned and controlled by a family member of an officer and director of the Company. All convertible notes and related party notes outstanding as of July 13, 2016 were paid in full in July 2016.
NOTE 1320 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Matters
TheFrom time to time, the Company is subject toinvolved in various claims and legal proceedings and claims whichactions that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Although occasional adverse decisions (or settlements) may occur,the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company believesdoes not believe that the final dispositionultimate resolution of such mattersany legal actions, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’sits financial position, results of operations, liquidity, and capital resources.
Future litigation may be necessary to defend the Company by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or cash flows. Asto establish its own proprietary rights. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
On November 8, 2022, the Company reached a comprehensive global and binding settlement agreement with former primary RideNow owners. The settlement agreement resolved all claims which were pending before the Delaware Chancery Court, released certain potential and future claims between the parties, and resulted in no incremental consideration exchanging hands.
During the year ended December 31, 20172022, the Company incurred $8,381 in charges for a settlement reached with former minority shareholders of RideNow. The charges were expensed as incurred and 2016 we were not awareare included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of any threatened or pending litigation.Operations.

NOTE 1421 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
RumbleOn Finance - Consumer Finance Facility
At December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance on our ROF Consumer Finance Facility was $25,000. On February 16, 2018, the Company, through Borrower, entered into an Inventory FinancingJanuary 31, 2023, after the balance sheet date of this 2022 Form 10-K, our finance company did not meet the interest rate spread requirement set forth in our ROF Consumer Finance Facility as a result of increased interest rates and Security Agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with Ally Bank, a Utah chartered state bank (“Ally Bank”) and Ally Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ally” together with Ally Bank, the “Lender”), pursuant to which the Lender may provide up to $25 million in financing, or such lesser sum which may be advanced to or on behalflimited growth of our consumer finance business. As of the Borrower from timefiling date, the lender has indicated no current intention to time, as part of its floorplan vehicle financing program. Advances under the Credit Facility require the Company maintain 10.0%request repayment of the advance amountprincipal balance due under this facility, which, net of restricted and unrestricted cash balances, is approximately $13,600 as restricted cash. Advances underof such date. We intend to sell the Credit Facility will bear interestloan portfolio held at a per annum rate designated from time to time byRumbleOn Finance and pay off the Lender and will be determined using a 365/360 simple interest method of calculation, unless expressly prohibited by law. Advances underoutstanding balance during the Credit Facility, if not demanded earlier, are due and payable for each vehicle financed under the Credit Facility as and when such vehicle is sold, leased, consigned, gifted, exchanged, transferred, or otherwise disposed of. Interest under the Credit Facility is due and payable upon demand, but, in general, in no event later thannext 60 days from the date of request for payment.  Upon any event of default (including, without limitation, the Borrower’s obligation to pay upon demand any outstanding liabilities of the Credit Facility), the Lender may, at its option and without notice to the Borrower, exercise its right to demand immediate payment of all liabilities and other indebtedness and amounts owed to Lender and its affiliates by the Borrower and its affiliates. The Credit Facility is secured by a grant of a security interest in the vehicle inventory and other assets of the Borrower and payment is guaranteed by the Company pursuant to a guaranty in favor of the Lender, and secured by the Company pursuant to a General Security Agreement.
On February 20, 2018, the Company notified NextGear that it was terminating the Credit Line, and all security or other credit documents entered into in connection therewith.  At the time of the notification, there was no indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Line. 
days.

F-24F-42