UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-K
 
(Mark One)
[X]ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020
 
[   ]TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from [____] to [____]
Commission file number 001-15757
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
33-0224167
(State or other jurisdiction of
of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
13500 Evening Creek Drive N.,11440 West Bernardo Court, Suite 550300
San Diego, CA 9212892127
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(858) 673-8600
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareIWSYOTCQB Marketplace
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ]  No [X]
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] No [X]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such a shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes [X]  No [   ]
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  [   ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and emerging“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:
 
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non–Accelerated filer Small reporting company
  Emerging growth company 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes [   ]  No [X]
 
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2018,2020, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported on the OTCQB marketplace was $67,362,450.$33,822,224. This number excludes shares of common stock held by affiliates, executive officers and directors.
 
As of March 26, 2019,2021, there were 98,510,466274,919,339 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
 
 

 
 
 
IMAGEWARE IMAGEWARESYSTEMS, INC.
 
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 20182020
 
TableTable of Contents
 
   Page
  
 

1

149

21

21

21

21
 
  
 

22

22

23

3840

3941

3941

3941

3941
    


 

4042

4446

5451

5756

5958
 

  
 

60
 
 56
6056
6263
 
 
 
-i-
 
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
 
  This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,”“expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements in this Annual Report. Additionally, statements concerning future matters such as the development of new products, sales levels, expense levels and other statements regarding matters that are not historical are forward-looking statements.
 
Although forward-looking statements in this Annual Report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by us. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in or anticipated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include without limitation those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this Annual Report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Annual Report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. 
-ii-
 
PARPATRT I
 
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
BUSINESS
 
ImageWare Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation since 2005 and previously incorporated in California in 1987 as a California corporation, has its principal place of business at 13500 Evening Creek Drive N,11440 West Bernardo Court, Suite 550,300, San Diego, California 92128.92127. We maintain a corporate website at http://www.iwsinc.com. Our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), is currently listed for quotation on the OTCQB marketplace under the symbol “IWSY.”“IWSY”. As used in this Annual Report, “we,us,our,ImageWare,ImageWare Systems,” “Company” or the our Company” refers to ImageWare Systems, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries.
 
Overview

ImageWare Systems, Inc. (the(“ImageWare,” theCompany,” “we,” “our”) isprovides defense-grade biometric identification and authentication solutions to safeguard your data, products, services or facilities. We are experts in biometric authentication and consideredpioneer and leaderpreeminent patent holder of multimodal biometrics IP, having many of the most-cited patents in the emerging market for biometrically enabled software-based identity management solutions. Using those human characteristics that are unique to us all, the Company creates software that provides a highly reliable indication of a person’s identity. The Company’s “flagship” product is theindustry. Our patented IWS Biometric Engine®. The Company’s productsEngine® is one of the most accurate and fastest biometrics matching engines in the industry, capable of our patented biometrics fusion. Part of our heritage is in law enforcement, having built the first statewide digital booking platform for United States local law enforcement in the late 1990’s – and having more than three decades of experience in the challenging government sector creating biometric smart cards and logical access for millions of individuals. We are useda “biometrics first” company, leveraging unique human characteristics to manage and issue secure credentials including national IDs, passports, driver licenses and access control credentials. provide unparalleled accuracy for identification while protecting your identity. 
The Company’s products also provide law enforcement and public safety sector with integrated mug-shot,biographic, mugshot, SMT, and fingerprint LiveScan andcapture for booking, in addition to investigative capabilities. The Company also provides comprehensive authentication security software using biometrics to secure physical and logical access to facilities, or computer networks or internetInternet sites. Biometric technology is now an integral part of all markets that the Company addresses, and all of the products are integrated into theevery product leverages our patented IWS Biometric Engine.Engine®. 

The Company is also a leading developer of mobile and cloud-based identity management solutions providing patented biometric authentication solutions for the enterprise. The Company delivers next-generation biometrics as an interactive and scalable cloud-based solution. The Company brings together cloud and mobile technology to offer multi-factor authentication for smartphone users, for the enterprise, and across industries. The Company has introduced a set of mobile and cloud solutions to provide biometric user authentication, including the GoVerifyID® mobile application and cloud-based SaaS solutions. These solutions include GoMobile Interactive (“GMI”), which provides patented, secure, dynamic messaging. More recently, the Company has introduced GoVerifyID® Enterprise Suite, which provides turnkey integration with Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Active Directory, and security products from CA, HPE, IBM, and SAP. These solutions are marketed and sold to businesses across many industries. For the healthcare industry, the Company also developed and markets a patented, FDA-Cleared, biometrically-secure enterprise-level platform for patient engagement and medication adherence.
Historically, we have marketed our products to government entities at the federal, state and local levels. However, the emergence of cloud-based computing, a mobile market that demands increased security and interoperable systems, and the proven success of our products in the government markets, have enabled us to enlarge our target market focus to include the emerging consumer and non-government enterprise marketplace.
-1-
Our biometric technology is a core software component of an organization’s security infrastructure and includes a multi-biometric identity management solution for enrolling, managing, identifying and verifying the identities of people by the physical characteristics of the human body. We develop, sell and support various identity management capabilities within government (federal, state and local), law enforcement, commercial enterprises, and transportation and aviation markets for identification and verification purposes. Our IWS Biometric EngineEngine® is a patented biometric identity management software platformand authentication database built for multi-biometric enrollment, management and authentication, managing population databases of virtually unlimited sizes.authentication. It is hardware agnostic and can utilize different types of biometric algorithms. It allows different types of biometrics to be operated at the same time on a seamlessly integrated platform. It is also offered as a Software Development Kit (“SDK”) based search engine,, enabling developers and system integrators to implement a biometric solutionsolutions or integrate biometric capabilities, into existing applications without having to derive biometric functionality from preexisting applications. The IWS Biometric Engine combined with our secure credential platform, IWS EPI Builder, provides a comprehensive, integrated biometric and secure credential solution that can be leveraged for high-end applications such as passports, driver licenses, national IDs, and other secure documents.
 
Our secure credential solutions empower customers to design and create smart digital identification wristbands and badges for access control systems. We develop, sell and support software and design systems that utilize digital imaging and biometrics for photo identification cards, credentials and identification systems. Our products in this market consist of IWS EPI Suite and IWS EPI Builder. These products allow for production of digital identification badges and related databases and records and can be used by, among others, schools, airports, hospitals, corporations and governments. We have added the ability to incorporate multiple biometrics into the ID systems with the integration of IWS Biometric Engine®.
The Company is also a developer of a biometric based multi-factor authentication (“MFA”) Cloud-based service. ImageWare Authenticate (formerly, GoVerify ID®) brings together Cloud and mobile technologies to offer biometric multi-factor authentication for the enterprise, and across industries. ImageWare Authenticate consists of mobile and desktop clients, and the backend system which is a Cloud-based Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) servicing Cloud-based biometric template matching requests. ImageWare Authenticate comes in two offerings, Workforce and Customer. ImageWare Authenticate Customer is leveraged by product developers to enable biometric authentication for their consumers. For the enterprise, ImageWare Authenticate Workforce provides turnkey integration with Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Active Directory, CA SSO, IBM Security Access Manager (“ISAM”), SAP Cloud Platform, Fujitsu's RunMyProcess, Palo Alto Networks VPN and HPE’s Aruba ClearPass. These integrations provide multi-modal biometric authentication to replace or augment passwords for use with enterprise and consumer class systems.
-1-
Our law enforcement solutions enable agencies to quickly capture, archive, search, retrieve, and share digital images, fingerprints and other biometrics, as well as criminal history records on a stand-alone, networked, wireless or web-basedWeb-based platform. We develop, sell and support a suite of modular software products used by law enforcement and public safety agencies to create and manage criminal history records and to investigate crime. Our IWS Law Enforcement solution consists of five software modules: Capture and Investigative modules, which provide a criminal booking system with related databases, as well as the ability to create and print mug photo/SMTscars, marks, and tattoos (SMT), as well as image lineups and electronic mug-books; a Facial Recognition module, which uses biometric facial recognition to identify suspects; a Web module, which provides access to centrally stored records over the Internet in a connected or wireless fashion; and a LiveScan module, which incorporates LiveScan capabilities into IWS Law Enforcement platform providing integrated fingerprint and palm print biometric management for civil and law enforcement use. The IWS Biometric EngineEngine® is also available to our law enforcement clients and allows them to capture and search using other biometrics such as iris or DNA.
Our secure credential solutions empower customers to create secure and smart digital identification documents with complete ID systems. We develop, sell and support software and design systems that utilize digital imaging and biometrics in the production of photo identification cards, credentials and identification systems. Our products in this market consist of IWS EPI Suite and IWS EPI Builder. These products allow for production of digital identification cards and related databases and records and can be used by, among others, schools, airports, hospitals, corporations or governments. We have added the ability to incorporate multiple biometrics into the ID systems with the integration of IWS Biometric Engine to our secure credential product line.
Our GoVerifyID products support multi-modal biometric authentication including, but not limited to, face, voice, fingerprint, iris, palm, and more. All the biometrics can be combined with or used as replacements for authentication and access control tools, including tokens, digital certificates, passwords, and PINS, to provide the ultimate level of assurance, accountability, and ease of use for corporate networks, web applications, mobile devices, and PC desktop environments. GoVerifyID provides patented multi-modal biometric identity authentication that can be used in place of passwords or as a strong second factor authentication method. GoVerifyID is provided as a cloud-based Software-as a-Service (“SaaS”) solution, thereby, eliminating complex IT deployment of biometric software and eliminating startup costs. GoVerifyID works with existing mobile devices, eliminating the need for specialized biometric scanning devices typically used with most biometric solutions.biometrics.
 
GoVerifyID was built to work seamlessly with our patented technology portfolio, including GoMobile Interactive®, the secure dynamic messaging system, and the ultrascalable IWS Biometric Engine that provides anonymous biometric matching and storage. GoVerifyID is secure, simple to use, and designed to provide instant identity authentication by engaging with the biometric capture capabilities of each user’s mobile device. GoVerifyID also provides a fully open SDK for organizations that require the utmost in flexibility.
Our GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite for Windows easily and seamlessly integrates with a user’s existing Microsoft ecosystem/infrastructure to support the user’s extended workforce. GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite secures corporate networks from end-to-end – both applications and data – on client, server, and cloud systems with flexible user login policies to address varied trust requirements. Our GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite works with the smart devices that the workforce already uses, including iOS/Android smartphones and tablets.
-2-


Our GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite for Windows provides biometric authentication for the Microsoft ecosystem that secures enterprise security without compromising agility, productivity, or user experience. Its comprehensive architecture offers biometric authentication for the complete range of enterprise stakeholders, delivering secure enterprise applications and workspaces to internal employees, partners, suppliers and vendors, and customers. Out of Band authentication is provided via universally available devices, such as smartphones and tablets. In-band authentication can be enabled via fingerprint readers, iris scanners, and any Windows Biometric Framework compatible device. The server component provides easy centralized management of biometric authentication policies for all users, using a standard Snap-In to the Microsoft Management Console. It provides greater user assurance and Single Sign-On (“SSO”) convenience for all corporate systems and cloud applications. There is no compromise in agility or user experience.
GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite also provides options for seamless integration with leading Enterprise Identity and Access Management (“IAM”) solutions including CA SSO, IBM Security Access Manager (“ISAM”), SAP Cloud Platform, and HPE’s Aruba ClearPass. These turnkey integrations provide multi-modal biometric authentication to replace or augment passwords for use with enterprise and consumer class systems. 
Recent Developments
 
CreationNew Products

In July 2020, we introduced BioIntellic™, our standalone, highly scalable anti-spoofing detection feature (embedded in the IWS Biometric Engine®) to ensure secure onboarding. BioIntellic™ bolsters our joint offering with our existing proofing partner in the African market, Contactable, and also supports our existing MTN business as well as drives new business in the African region and beyond.

In October 2021, we completed a new QuickCapture Mobile software product that resides on the Laxton Chameleon 5 and 8 devices. QuickCapture Mobile will be an inherent part of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stockour newest generation law enforcement platform, called LE 2.0. This powerful solution allows officers, public safety and military personnel in the field to have dynamic data on a perpetrator in the palm of their hands.
 
In December 2020, we reached code completion of our GoVerifyID product, now renamed to Imageware Authenticate, which introduced a new administration portal for easier management and usability of the product along with compatibility with many other 3rd party identity and Cloud services, through the inclusion of identity protocols SAML and OIDC.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. As of March 2021, the global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, and the extent to which COVID-19 may impact our business and markets we serve will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken both in the United States and other countries. We are continuing to vigilantly monitor the situation with our primary focus on health and safety of our employees and clients.
The Series D Financing
On September 10, 2018,November 12, 2020 and December 23, 2020, the Company filedconsummated private placements of 12,060 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series D Preferred"), resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $12.06 million, less fees and expenses (the “Series D Financing”). The gross proceeds include approximately $2.2 million in principal amount due and payable under the terms of certain term loans issued by the Company on September 29, 2020 (“Bridge Notes”), which Bridge Notes were converted into Series D Preferred at Closing (the “Conversion”). The issuance of the Series D Preferred was made pursuant to securities purchase agreements, dated September 28, 2020 (the "Purchase Agreement"), by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (the "Purchasers"), for the sale of the Series D Preferred at a purchase price of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred. The holders of Series D Preferred may voluntarily convert their shares of Series D Preferred into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at any time that is at least ninety days following the issuance date, at the conversion price calculated by dividing the Stated Value by the conversion price of $0.0583 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustments as set forth in Section 5(e) of the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series CD Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, designating 1,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“(the "Series C PreferredD Certificate"), each share with a stated value of $10,000 per share.
Series C Financing
From September 10, 2018 through September 21, 2018, the Company offered and sold an aggregate of 1,000. Dividends on shares of Series CD Preferred will be paid prior to any junior securities, and are to be paid at a purchase pricethe rate of $10,0004% of the Stated Value (as defined in the Series D Certificate) per share (the “Series C Financing”). The aggregate gross proceeds toper annum in the Company from the Series C Financing were $10,000,000. Issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the Series C Financing were approximately $1,211,000, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $8,789,000.
Amendment to Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On September 10, 2018, the Company filed an Amendment to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, to increase the numberform of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series A Preferred”), authorized for issuance thereunder to 38,000 shares, in order to permit the Debt Exchange (as defined below).D Preferred.
 
Debt Exchange
On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into exchange agreements (the “Exchange Agreements”) with Neal Goldman and Charles Crocker, pursuant to which Messrs. Goldman and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively,fourth anniversary of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owed under the termsIssuance Date (as defined in the Series D Certificate), or in the event of their respective linesthe consummation of credit for an aggregatea Change of 6,896Control (as defined in the Series D Certificate), if any shares of Series AD Preferred are outstanding, then each holder of Series D Preferred shall have the right (the “DebtExchange”). As a result of the Debt Exchange, all indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations arising under the respective lines of credit were cancelled and deemed satisfied in full. Messrs. Goldman and Crocker are members of the Company’s Board of Directors and related parties.
Declaration of Special Dividend
Concurrently with the Series C Financing, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend (the “Special Dividend”) for holders of the Series A Preferred (each a “Holder Redemption Right”), pursuantat such holder’s option, to which each Holder received a warrant (“Dividend Warrant”)require the Company to purchase 39.87redeem all or any portion of such holder’s shares of Company Common Stock for everySeries D Preferred at the Liquidation Preference Amount per share of Series AD Preferred held,plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends, if any, (such price, the “Holder Redemption Price”), which resultedHolder Redemption Price shall be paid in the issuance of Dividend Warrants to the Holders as a group to purchase an aggregate of 1,493,856 shares of Common Stock. Each Dividend Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and is exercisable immediately upon issuance; cash.provided, however, that a Dividend Warrant may only be exercised concurrently with the conversion of shares of Series A Preferred held by a Holder into shares of Common Stock. In addition, each Dividend Warrant held by a Holder shall expire on the earliest to occur of (i) the conversion of all Series A Preferred held by such Holder into Common Stock, (ii) the redemption by the Company of all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred held by such Holder, (iii) the Dividend Warrant no longer representing the right to purchase any shares of Common Stock, and (iv) the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance. 
 
 
 
-3--2-
 
 
Industry Background
BiometricsIn connection with the sale of the Series D Preferred, we granted certain registration rights to the Investors with respect to the Conversion Shares and Secure Credential MarketsDividend Shares, pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement by and among us and the Investors. The registration statement registering the Conversion Shares and Dividend Shares was declared effective by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)on February 12, 2021.
 
The identity Solutions and access management market are expected to grow from $7.2 billion in 2015 to $12.78 billion by 2020, at an expected Compound Annual Growth Rate (“ProductsCAGR”) of 12.2%. This growth is based on a growing demand for compliance management requirements and increasing trends in mobility devices and applications. The main drivers are:
Banking, Financial Services & Insurance
Telecommunications
Public Sectors
Audit and regulation compliance is a key driving force in the market; it is growing at the highest rate and will likely continue to grow through 2020.
Identity management solutions are rapidly moving into risk-based programs focused on enforcement of access control and entitlement management. The enterprise is achieving major benefits from costs, but still lacks the capability to manage time-sensitive processes, including manual approvals and provisioning.
Cloud services to date, though increasing, still suffer from a perceived lack of security. However, large enterprises are rapidly adopting cloud models, especially in centralizing the management of identities. This adoption is being done by still using on premise identity management solutions, but also venturing into the cloud as well. This means that the use of the hybrid model, utilizing both cloud and in-house identity management solutions, is increasing.
 
We believeare a "biometrics first" security company who brings the biometric identity management market will continuehighest level of security to grow as the role of biometrics becomes more widely adopted for enhancing securitysystems, data and complying with government regulationsplaces, by identifying and initiatives and as biometric capture devices become increasingly mobile, robust and cost effective.authenticating people through biometrics. Our biometric and secure credentialing solutions are meeting the requirements and standards for true multi-modal biometric identity management systems, as well as providing scalability to support evolving functionality.
Some of the industries that can benefit from biometric-based identity management and are a major part of our examples include:
Healthcare
Access to patient health records
Sharing patient records with other staff
Remote access to clinical portals
Entering Certified Physician Order Entry (“CPOE”) systems
Submitting electronic prescriptions (“e-Rx”)
Banking
Login for online banking
Verifying transactions madefocused on a banking website
Mobile banking apps
ATM access
Retail/e-Commerce
Online store purchases
Login for a mobile store with a mobile device
Verifying purchases on a website or at mobile stores
Sending coupons and offers to mobile devices
-4-
Government
Airport security
Customs security
Rail ticketing
Internet access on trains and planes
Police and fire services
Armed forces
Law Enforcement and Public Safety Markets
The United States law enforcement and public safety markets are composed of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies. Our target customers include local police and sheriff’s departments, primary state law enforcement agencies, prisons, special police agencies, county constable offices, and federal agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security, FBI, DEA and ICE.
In addition, police agencies in foreign countries have shown interest in using the full range of IWS Law Enforcement products to meet the growing need for a flexible yet robust booking/investigative solution that includes the routine use of IWS Facial Recognition as well as the ability to use other biometrics. We continue to target agencies in foreign countries for our biometric and law enforcement solutions.
Law enforcement customers require demanding end-to-end solutions that incorporate robust features and functionalities, such as biometric and secure credentialing capabilities, as well as instant access to centrally maintained records for real time verification of identity and privileges. Law enforcement has long used the multiple biometrics of fingerprint and face in establishing an individual’s identity record. More recently, law enforcement is seeking capability to utilize additional biometrics such as iris and DNA. The Company’s multi-biometric platform product, the IWS Biometric Engine, allows Company customers to use as many different biometrics as desired all on a single, integrated platform.
Many law enforcement agencies are also moving toward a more shared experience where specific pieces of suspect/arrest data may be viewed by outside agencies allowing a suspect’s identity to be quickly defined with the end goal being the swift apprehension of the subject.
Products and Services
Our identity management solutions are primarily focused around biometrics and secure credentials providing complete, cross-functional interoperable systems and interoperable systems. Our biometric and secure credentialing products provide complete and interoperable solutions with features and functions required throughout the entire identity management life cycle, enabling users the flexibility to make use of any desired options, such as identity proofing and enrollment, card issuance, maintenance and access control. Our solutions offer a significant benefit that one vendor’s solution is used throughout the various stages, from establishing an applicant’s verified identity, to issuance of smart card-based credentials, to the usage and integration to physical and logical access control systems.
These solutions improve global communication, the integrity and authenticity of access control to facilities and information systems, as well as enhance security, increase efficiency, reduce identity fraud, and protect personal privacy.
We categorize our identity management products and services into three basic markets: (i) Biometrics, (ii) Secure Credential, and (iii) Law Enforcement and Public Safety. We offer a series of modular products that can be seamlessly integrated into an end-to-end solution or licensed as individual components.
Biometrics
Our biometric product line consists of the following:open architecture.
 
GoMobile InteractiveTM
In July 2013, the Company introduced its mobile biometric identity management platform, GoMobile InteractiveTM(“GMI”). Based upon acquired patented messaging platform technology, combined with the Company’s patented IWS Biometric Engine®, GMI allows global business, service and content providers to offer users biometric security for their products, services and content on the Android or iPhone operating systems. GMI includes a standalone application that can be used as a turnkey solution, as well as an SDK, enabling integration with existing mobile applications for Android and iPhone. Targeted verticals for the product include mobile banking and value transfer, retail, healthcare and entertainment services. By supporting multi-modal biometrics on a mobile device, the Company is able to offer an out-of-band security solution that is far superior to traditional password or PIN protection, which are now failing and costing businesses billions of dollars. In addition, the GMI service supports dynamic information gathering, allowing clients to learn about their users through the use of interactive surveys that can be secured using biometrics.
-5-
IWS Biometric Engine
. This is a biometric identity management platformand authentication database for multi-biometric enrollment, management and authentication, managing population databases of unlimited sizes without regard to hardware or algorithm. Searches can be 1:1 (verification), 1:N (identification), X:N (investigative) and N:N (database integrity). IWS Biometric Engine is technology and biometric agnostic, enabling the use of biometric devices and algorithms from any vendor, and thewith current support of the following biometric types: finger, face, iris, hand geometry, palm, signature, DNA, voice, 3D face and retina.voice. We leverage the IWS Biometric Engine is a second-generation solution from the CompanyEngine® to create products that is based on field-proven ImageWare technology solutions that have been used to manage millions of biometric records since 1997 and is ideal for a variety of applications, including: criminal booking, background checks (civil and criminal), watch list, visa/passport and border control (air, land and sea), physical and logical access control, and other highly-secure identity management environments. The Company believes that this product will be very attractive to the emerging commercial and consumer markets as they deploy biometric identity management systems.
Our IWS Biometric Engine is scalable, and biometric images and templates can be enrolled either live or offline. Because it stores the enrolled images, a new algorithm can be quickly converted to support new or alternate algorithms and capture devices. The IWS Biometric Engine is built to be hardware “agnostic,” and currently supports over 100 hardware capture devices and over 70 biometric algorithms.
The IWS Biometric Engine is available as an SDK, as well as a platform for custom configurations to meet specific customer requirements. The added suite of products providesprovide government, law enforcement, public safety, border management and enterprise businesses, with a wide variety of application-specific solutions that address specific governmentproblems, mandates and technology standards.  It also provides users with the ability to integrate into existing legacy systems and expand based upon specific customer requirements. This enables users to integrate a complete solution or components as needed. The application suite of products includes packaged solutions for:
HSPD-12 personal identity verification
Border management
Applicant identity vetting
Mobile acquisition
Physical access control
Single-Sign-On and logical access control
IWS PIV Management Application.  The Company provides a set of Enterprise Server products within our complete PIV solution, and these software products supply server-based features and functions, while the use case for PIV requires client-based presentation of PIV data and workflow. The IWS PIV Management Application supplies the web-based graphical user interface that presents the user or client interface to the various server functions. Since the server-based applications perform specific functions for specific phases of the PIV life cycle, these server-based applications need to be bound together with additional workflow processes. The IWS PIV Management Application meets this need with software modules that interface and interconnect the server-based applications.
 
IWS PIV Middleware.ImageWare Authenticate. The IWS PIV Middleware product, which is NIST certified and listed on the GSA approved product list, is a library of functions that connect a card reader & PIV card on the hardware side with a software application. The library implements the specified PIV Middleware API functions that support interoperability of PIV Cards. This software has been developed in conformance with the FIPS-201 specification, and the software has been certified by the NIST Personal Identification Verification Program (“NPIVP”) Validation Authority as being compliant.
IWS Background Server.  The IWS Background Server is a software application designed specifically for government and law enforcement organizations to support the first stage of biometric identity management functions such as identity proofing and vetting. IWS Background Check Server automatically processes the submission of an applicant’s demographic and biographic data to investigative bureaus for background checks prior to issuing a credential.
-6-
IWS Desktop Security.  IWS Desktop Security is a highly flexible, scalable and modular authentication management platform that is optimized to enhance network security and usability. This architecture provides an additional layer of security to workstations, networks and systems through advanced encryption and authentication technologies. Biometric technologies (face, fingerprint, iris, voice or signature), can be seamlessly coupled with TPM chips to further enhance corporate security. USB tokens, smart cards and RFID technologies can also be readily integrated.Additional features include:
Support for multiple authentication tools, including Public Key Infrastructure (“PKI”) within a uniformed platform and Privilege Management Infrastructure (“PMI”) technology, to provide more advanced access control services and assure authentication and data integrity;
Integration with IWS Biometric Engine for searching and match capabilities (1:1, 1:N and X:N);
Integration with IWS EPI Builder for the production and management of secure credentials;
Support for both BioAPI and BAPI standards;
Supports a Single-Sign-On feature that securely manages Internet Explorer and Windows application ID and password information;
Supports file and folder encryption features; and
Supports various operating systems, including Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003.
IWS Biometric Quality Assessment & Enhancement (IWS Biometric IQA&E). The IWS Biometric IQA&E is a biometric image enhancement and assessment solution that assists government organizations with the ability to evaluate and enrich millions of biometric images automatically, saving time and costs associated with biometric enrollment while maintaining image and database integrity.
The IWS Biometric IQA&E improves the accuracy and effectiveness of biometric template enrollments. The software may be used stand-alone or in conjunction with the IWS Biometric Engine. IWS Biometric IQA&E provides automated image quality assessment with respect to relevant image quality standards from organizations such as International Civil Aviation Organization, National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”), International Organization for Standards (“ISO”) and American Association of Motor Vehicle Association (“AAMVA”). IWS Biometric IQA&E also enables organizations to conduct multi-dimensional facial recognition, which further enhances accuracy for numerous applications, including driver licenses, passports and watch lists.
IWS Biometric IQA&E automatically provides real-time biometric image quality analysis and feedback to improve the overall effectiveness of biometric images, thus increasing the biometric verification performance, and maintaining database and image data integrity. IWS Biometric IQA&E provides a complete platform that includes an image enhancement library for biometric types including face, finger and iris.
Secure Credential
Our secure credential products consist of the following:
GoVerifyID®.On November 14, 2016, the Company introduced GoVerifyID® Enterprise Suite,GoVerify ID®, now known as ImageWare Authenticate, a multi-modal, multi-factor biometric authentication, solutionMFA product, for the enterprise market. An algorithm-agnostic solution, GoVerify ID Enterprise Suite is an end-to-endmarkets on November 14, 2016. ImageWare Authenticate supports multimodal biometric platform that seamlessly integratesCloud-based matching and authentication including, but not limited to, face, voice, fingerprint, iris, palm, and more. All the biometrics can be combined with an enterprise’s existing Microsoft infrastructure, offering businesses a turnkey biometric solution for quick deployment. The Company feels that this product hasauthentication and access control tools, including tokens, digital certificates, passwords, and PINS, to provide the potential to dramatically accelerate adoption of its biometric solution due to the worldwide prevalence of enterprise use of the Microsoft infrastructure. Working across the entire enterprise ecosystem, GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite offers a consistent user experience and centralized administration with the highestultimate level of security, flexibility,assurance, accountability, and usability. GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite embodies the following characteristics:
Mobile-workforce friendly—With GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite userease of use for corporate networks, web applications, mobile devices, and PC desktop environments. ImageWare Authenticate provides multimodal biometric identity authentication logins are possible for a tablet or laptop even when disconnected from the corporate network. Additionally, GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite offers a consistent user authentication experience across all login environments;
Hybrid cloud—GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite is linked from the cloud to an enterprise’s Microsoft infrastructure and is backward compatible with Windows 7, 8 and 10. Additionally, because the solution is SaaS-based, it can easily scale to process hundreds of millions of transactions and store just as many biometrics; and
Seamless integration—GoVerifyID Enterprise Suite is a snap-in to the Microsoft Management console andthat can be centrally managed atused in place of passwords or as a strong second factor authentication method. ImageWare Authenticate is provided as a Cloud-based SaaS solution, thereby, eliminating complex IT deployment of biometric software and eliminating startup costs. ImageWare Authenticate works with existing mobile devices, eliminating the server. Additionally,need for specialized biometric scanning devices typically used with most biometric solutions. We enhanced the solution allows for seamless movement as it integrates with Active Directory using an organization’s existing Microsoft security infrastructure.
-7-
IWS Card Management.  The IWS Card Management System (“CMS”) is a comprehensive solution to supportproduct and manage the issuance of smart cards complete with the following capabilities:completed this work on December 31, 2020. We relaunched ImageWare Authenticate on February 1, 2021.
Biometric enrollment and identity proofing with Smart Card encoding of biometrics;
Flexible models of central or distributed issuance of credentials;
Customizable card life-cycle workflow managed by the CMS; and
Integration of the CMS data with other enterprise solutions, such as physical access control and logical access control (i.e. Single-Sign-On).
 
IWS EPI Suite.This is an ID software solution for producing, issuing, and managing secure credentials and personal identification cards.cards, also called biometric smart badges. It is used by many human resource departments, along with other corporate groups, to enroll employees and print physical badges which may be used later for physical access. Users can efficiently manage large amounts of data, images and card designs, as well as track and issue multiple cards per person, automatically populate multiple cards and eliminate redundant data entry. IWS EPI Suite was designed to integrate with our customers’ existing security and computing infrastructure. We believe that this compatibility may be an appealing feature to corporations, government agencies, transportation departments, school boardsschools, and other public institutions.
 
IWS EPI Builder.This is an SDK and a leading secure credential component of identity management and security solutions, providing all aspects of ID functionality from image and biometric capture to the enrollment, issuance and management of secure documents. It contains components which developers or systems integrators can use to support and produce secure credentials, including national IDs, passports, International Civil Aviation Office -compliant travel documents, smartcards and driver licenses. IWS EPI Builder enables organizations to develop custom identification solutions or incorporate sophisticated identification capabilities into existing applications including the ability to capture images, biometric and demographic data; enable biometric identification and verification (1:1 and 1:X); as well as support numerous biometric hardware and software vendors. It also enables users to add electronic identification functionality for other applications, including access control, tracking of time and attendance, point of sale transactions, human resource systems, school photography systems, asset management, inventory control, warehouse management, facilities management and card production systems.
IWS We intend to update the EPI PrintFarm.  While it is the last stage of PIV Card Issuance, the PIV smart card printing process is by no means the least important stage. Production printing of tens of thousands of PIV cards requires a significant investmentSuite and a well-engineered system. The IWS EPI PrintFarm software offers a cost-effective, yet high-performance method for high-volume card printing.
IWS PIV Encoder.  PIV smart cards must be programmed with specific mandatory data, digital signaturesBuilder platforms in late 2021 and programs in order to maintain the interoperability as well as the security features specified for the cards. The IWS PIV Encoder could be considered to be a complex device driver that properly programs the PIV smart cards. The Encoder interacts with the CMS for data payload elements. It interacts with the Certificate Authority to encrypt or sign the PIV smart card data with trusted certificates. Finally, it acts as the application-level device driver to make the specific PIV smart card encoding system properly program the smart card, regardless if the system is a standalone encoding system or one integrated into a card printer.
Law Enforcement and Public Safety
We believe our integrated suite of softwareoffer these products significantly reduces the inefficiencies and expands the capabilities of traditional booking and mug shot systems. Using our products, an agency can create a digital database of thousands of criminal history records, each including one or more full-color facial images, finger and palm prints, biographic text information and images of other distinctive physical features such as scars, marks and tattoos (“SMT’s”). This database can be quickly searched using text queries, or biometric technology that can compare biometric characteristics of an unknown suspect with those in the database.Cloud.
Our investigative software products can be used to create, edit and distribute both mug photo and SMT photo lineups of any size. In addition, electronic mug books display hundreds of images for a witness to review and from which electronic selections are made. The Witness View software component records the viewing of a lineup (mug photo or SMT) detailing the images provided for viewing along with the image or images selected. In addition to a printed report, the Witness View module provides a non-editable executable file (.exe) that may be played on any computer for court exhibit viewing purposes.
    
 
 
-8--3-
 
 
Our IWS Law Enforcement solution consists of software modules, which may also be purchased individually. The IWS Law Enforcement Capture and Investigative modules make up our booking system and database. Our add-on modules include LiveScan, Facial Recognition, Law Enforcement Web and Witness View as well as the IWS Biometric Engine.
IWS Law Enforcement.IWS Law Enforcement is a digital booking, identification and investigative solutionplatform that enables users to digitally capture, store, search and retrieve images and demographic data, including mug shots,mugshots and line ups, fingerprints and SMT’s.scars, marks and tattoos (SMT’s). Law enforcement may choose between submitting fingerprint data directly to the State Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”), FBI criminal repository, or other agencies as required. Additional features and functionality include real-time access to images and data, creation of photo lineups and electronicor electric mug books, and production of identification cards and credentials. IWS Law Enforcement also uses off-the-shelf, biometric hardware and is designed to comply with open industry standards so that it can operate on an array of systems ranging from a stand-alone personal computer or handheld to a wide area network.larger, integrated systems. To avoid duplication of entries, the system can be integrated easily with several other information storage and retrieval systems, such as a records/jail management system (“RMS/JMS”) or an automated fingerprint identification system. We intend to update the Law Enforcement platform in first half of 2021 and offer the full suite in the Cloud as a SaaS offering.
The IWS Law Enforcement platform contains the following components:
 
Capture.This software module allows users to capture and store a variety of images (facial, SMT and others such as evidence photos) as well as biographical text information. Each record includes images and text information in an easy-to-view format made up of fields designed and defined by the individual agency. Current customers of this module range from agencies that capture a few thousand mug shots per year to those that capture hundreds of thousands of mug shots each year.
 
LiveScan.This software module is FBI certified and complies with the FBI Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”) Image Quality Specifications (“IQS”) while utilizing FBI certified LiveScan devices from most major vendors. LiveScan allows users to capture single to ten prints and palm data, providing an integrated biometric management solution for both civil and law enforcement use. By adding LiveScan capabilities, law enforcement organizations further enhance the investigative process by providing additional identifiers to identify suspects involved in a crime. In addition, officers no longer need to travel to multiple booking stations to capture fingerprints and mug shots.mugshots. All booking information, including images, may be located at a central designation and from there routed to the State AFIS or FBI criminal history record repository.
 
Investigative.This software module allows users to search the database created with IWS Law Enforcement. Officers can conduct text searches in many fields, including file number, name, alias, distinctive features, and other information, such as gang membership and criminal history. The Investigative module creates a catalogue of possible matches, allowing officers or witnesses to save time by looking only at mug shots that closely resemble the description of the suspect. This module can also be used to create a line-up of similar facial images from which a witness may identify the suspect.
Facial Recognition.  This software module uses biometric facial recognition and retrieval technology to help authorities identify possible suspects. Images taken from surveillance videos or photographs can be searched against a digital database of facial images to retrieve any desired number of faces with similar characteristics. This module can also be used at the time of booking to identify persons using multiple aliases. Using biometrics-based technology, the application can search through thousands of facial images in a matter of seconds, reducing the time it would otherwise take a witness to flip through a paper book of facial images that may or may not be similar to the description of the suspect. The Facial Recognition module then creates a selection of possible matches ranked in order of similarity to the suspect, and a percentage confidence level is attributed to each possible match. The application incorporates search engine technology, which we license from various facial recognition algorithm providers.
LE Web.  This software module enables authorized personnel to access and search agency booking records stored in IWS Law Enforcement through a standard web browser from within the agency’s intranet. This module allows remote access to the IWS Law Enforcement database without requiring the user to be physically connected to the customer’s network. This application requires only that the user have access to the Internet and authorization to access the law enforcement agency’s intranet.
 
EPI Designer for Law Enforcement.The EPI Designer for LE software is a design solution created for the IWS Law Enforcement databases based on the IWS EPI Suite program. This program allows integration with various IWS databases for the production of unique booking/inmate reports, wristbands, photo ID cards, Wanted or BOLO fliers, etc., created from the information stored in booking records. Designs can be created in minutes and quickly added to the IWS Law Enforcement system, allowing all users with appropriate permissions immediate access to the newly added form.
Quick Capture. Quick Capture is a multiple biometric capture application that dynamically adapts to a client’s required use case, including different city, state, and federal charge codes. With it, you can collect a variety of biometrics (face, finger, palm, iris, voice, etc.) using a variety of biometric hardware in the order desired as well as any needed biographic information associated with the subjects.
 
 
 
-9--4-
 
 
BioIntellic. BioIntellic is a facial matching and anti-spoofing product integrated into ImageWare Authenticate. It is designed to prevent presentation attacks, by ensuring the captured biometric image is that of a live individual, not a picture of 3D mask. BioIntellic is also available as a standalone product, enabling companies to quickly integrate facial matching and liveness detection into their offerings.
Maintenance and Customer Support
 
We offerMaintenance and support enrollment entitles software and hardware supportlicense customers to our customers. Customers can contract with us for technical support that enables themservices, including telephone and email support, problem resolution services, and the right to use a toll-free number to speak with our technicalreceive unspecified product upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support center for softwareperiod. Maintenance and support service fees are an important source of recurring revenue, and general assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. As many of our government customers operate around the clockwe invest continuing resources into providing maintenance and perceive our systems as critical to their day-to-day operations, a very high percentage contract for technical support.  For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, maintenance revenue accounted for approximately 60% and 62% of our total revenue, respectively.
Software Customization and Fulfillment
We directly employ computer programmers and retain independent programmers to develop our software and perform quality control. We provide customers with software that we specifically customize to operate on their existing computer system. We work directly with purchasers of our system to ensure that the system they purchase will meet their unique needs. We configure and test the system either at our facilities or on-site and conduct any customized programming necessary to connect the system with any legacy systems already in place. We can also provide customers with a complete computer hardware system with our software already installed and configured. In either case, the customer is provided with a complete turnkey solution, which can be used immediately. When we provide our customers with a complete solution including hardware, we use off-the-shelf computers, cameras and other components purchased from other companies such as Dell or Hewlett Packard. Systems are assembled and configured either at our facilities or at the customer’s location.support services.
 
Customers
 
We have a wide variety of domestic and international customers. Most of our IWS Law Enforcement customers are government agencies at the federal, state and local levels in the United States. Our secure credential products areStates and Canada, but we also being used in Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. have clients outside of North America. For the year ended December 31, 2018, one customer2020, two customers accounted for approximately 36%61% or $1,573,000$2,921,000 of total revenue and had $0 trade receivables of approximately $250,000 as of the end of the year.  For the year as compared to one customer thatended December 31, 2019, two customers accounted for approximately 25%37% or $1,089,000$1,301,000 of total revenue and had $201,000 trade receivables of approximately $161,000 as of the end of the December 31, 2017.year.
 
Our Strategy
 
Our strategy is to provide patented open-architected identity management solutions including multi-biometric, secure credentialbe a “biometric first” cybersecurity company bringing the highest level of security to systems, data and places by identifying and authenticating people through biometrics. We sell to governments, law enforcement technologies that are stand alone, integrated and/or bundled withand public safety, as well as enterprises, through key partners including channel relationships and large systems integrators such as United Technology Security, GCR, Unisys, Lockheed Martin, IBM and Fujitsu, among others. Key elements ofwith our strategy for growth include the following:
Fully Exploit the Biometrics, Access Control and Identification Markets
The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security coupled with the movement by governments around the world to authenticate the identity of their citizens, employees and contractors has accelerated the adoption of biometric identification systems that can provide secure credentials and instant access to centrally maintained records for real-time verification of identity and access (physical and logical) privileges. Using our products, an organization can create secure credentials that correspond to records, including images and biographic data, in a digital database. A border guard or customs agent can stop an individual to quickly and accurately verify his identity against a database of authorized persons, and either allow or deny access as required. Our technology is also standards based and applied to facilitate activities such as federal identification mandates while complying with personal identification verification standards such as HSPD-12, International Civil Aviation Organization standards, American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators driver licenses, voter registration, immigration control and welfare fraud identification. We believe that these or very similar standards are applicable in markets throughout the world.own direct sales team.
 
With the identity management market growing at a rapid pace, biometric identifiers are becoming recognizedrecent COVID-19 events, remote work and accepted as integral componentssocial distancing have quickly been brought to the identification processforefront of society. And while the impact of these events will be seen in the publiccoming years, many problems have been immediately realized by corporations and private sectors. As biometricgovernment agencies, who are diligently looking for solutions to operate in a new business environment.
Within a matter of weeks, corporations and government agencies have had to heavily rely upon remote access technologies (facial recognition, fingerprint, iris, etc.) are adopted, identification systems must be updated to enable work continuity through the pandemic. This increase in employees remotely accessing sensitive corporate systems has increased the risk of both cybercrime and unintentional information leaks. This risk is also increased by the fact that many employees now use a mixture of personal and corporate owned devices on the job, a trend known as, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD).
Verification of an individual through biometrics is an effective way to authenticate users accessing sensitive information and systems. ImageWare Authenticate provides this functionality and is already integrated in many of the authentication systems leveraged by large companies and agencies to manage the identities of their employees and users. We will market and sell ImageWare Authenticate as a solution for protecting corporate data to the most relevant business verticals during this time of increased susceptibility to broad cyberattacks, such as malware, viruses, trojans, ransomware infections and phishing attacks.
Additionally, social distancing and the need to limit personal contact throughout everyday life is driving governments and corporations to deploy new ways to continue work and commerce while minimizing contact points between individuals. We believe this trend will increase the acceptance and use of biometrics as a means of contactless and touchless authentication for health, retail, finance/banking, government services, higher education and transportation.
Scaling out biometrics across these verticals is going to require new methods and solutions to support the increased number of users and transactions. With our decades of experience innovating and scaling government grade biometric solutions and our years executed strategy of creating multimodal, vendor agnostic solutions, ImageWare has had a rich portfolio of products and solutions to address these new challenges brought on by the pandemic. 
-5-
Additionally, the law enforcement community continues to be an important market and customer base. Over the past few years, innovation within our law enforcement product line has been static, which has resulted in revenue being primarily driven from support and maintenance. Recently ImageWare released a new product offering to the law enforcement sector called, QuickCapture Mobile. Quick Capture Mobile streamlines the process of capturing biometrics from perpetrators on a mobile, PC-based device, in the field. The law enforcement market will immediately benefit from this product. We have built our solutionsbelieve we can develop the Quick Capture product to enable the incorporation of one or multiple biometrics, which can be associated with a recordservice other verticals such as; corporate, telecommunications, academia, hospitality and stored both in a database and on a card for later retrieval and verification without regard to the specific hardware employed. entertainment.
We believe the increasing demand for biometric technology will drive demand for our solutions. Our identity managementIn the coming year, we will work to develop an Identity Platform, which combines all of our products are builtonto one end-to-end, Cloud-based platform, allowing large clients to accommodate the use of biometricsdo enrollments (Enroll, Verify, Credential and meet the demanding requirements across the entire identity life cycle.
-10-
Expand Law Enforcement and Public Safety Markets
We intend to use our successful installations with customers such as the Arizona Department of Public Safety and the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department as reference accounts, and to market IWS Law Enforcement as a superior technological solution. Our recent additionAuthenticate). The building blocks of the LiveScan module and support for local AFISIdentity Platform consist of upgrades to our IWS Law Enforcement will enhance its functionalitycurrent standalone products (IWS LE, EPI Builder, and value to the law enforcement customerImageWare Authenticate) as well as increasea new identity proofing product, to be developed to verify the potential revenue the Company can generate from a system sale. We primarily sell directlyauthenticity of government issued IDs. The Enroll, Verify, Credential and Authenticate workflow, is foundational to the law enforcement community. Our sales strategy is to increase sales to newmajority of governments and existing customers, including renewing supporting maintenance agreements. We have also established relationships with large systems integrators such as Sagem Morpho to OEM our law enforcement solution utilizing their worldwide sales force. We will focus our sales efforts in the near term to establish IWS Law Enforcement as the integrated mug shotcorporate opportunities we compete for, and LiveScan system adopted in as many countries, states, large counties and municipalities as possible. Once we havetherefore, a system installed in a region, we intend to then sell additional systems or retrieval seats to other agencies within the primary customer’s region and in neighboring regions. In addition, we plan to market our integrated investigative moduleskey to the Identity Platform. This single platform which allows a customer including Facial Recognition, Webto create a digital identity fully vetted against a government issued ID, use it thereafter for a reliable biometric authentication and WitnessView. As customer databases of digital mug shots grow, we expectmanage that identity through its life cycle is compelling. We are scheduling the perceived value of our investigative modules, and corresponding revenue from sales of those modules, will also grow.Identity Platform to be completed in late 2021.
 
Software as a Service Business Model
With the advent of cloud-based computing and the proliferation of smart mobile devices, which allow for reliable biometric capture and the need to secure access to data, products and services, the Company believes that the market for multi-biometric solutions will expand to encompass significant deployments of biometric systems in the commercial and consumer markets. The Company therefore intends to leverage the strength of its experience servicing existing government clients who have deployed the Company’s products for large populations, as well as its foundational patent portfolio in the field of multi-modal biometrics and the fusion of multiple biometric algorithms, to address the growing commercial and consumer market. As part of its marketing plan, the Company offered new versions of its product suite on a SaaS model during 2016. This new business model, which is intended to supplement the Company’s existing business model, will allow new commercial and consumer clients to biometrically verify identity in order to access data, products or services from mobile and desktop devices.
Mobile Applications
The Company strengthened its patent portfolio in June 2012 with the purchase of four U.S. patents relating to wireless technology from Vocel. These patents, combined with the Company’s existing foundational patents in the areas of biometric identification, verification, enrollment and fusion, provide a unique and protected foundation on which to build interactive mobile applications that are secured using biometrics.
The combination of our biometric identification technologies and wireless technologies has led to the development of the IWS Interactive Messaging System, which is a push application platform secured by biometrics that transforms mobile devices into a complete mobile ID, enabling companies to create applications that allow a range of unprecedented activities, from secure sharing of sensitive information to biometrically securing a mobile wallet. Identity authentication, using multi-modal biometrics gives users the confidence that their personal information is secure while the push marketing capabilities of the technology allow companies unparalleled interactivity that can be personalized to the needs and interests of their customers.
Sales and Marketing
 
We market and sell our products in most major world markets directly through our directsalesforce and indirectly through channel partners, including resellers, distributors and systems integrators. Our sales force includes both field, and through indirect distribution channels, including systems integrators. As of December 31, 2018, we hadinside sales, which provides us a lower-cost channel for additional sales into existing customers and account representatives based domestically in the District of Columbia, California, Colorado, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas and Illinois and internationally in Japan, Chile and Mexico. Geographically,for expanding our sales and marketing force consisted of thirteen persons: ten persons in the United States, and three persons internationally as of December 31, 2018.customer base.
 
International Operations
We are a global company. We are headquartered in San Diego, California with a remote office in Ottawa, Canada. Our direct sales organization is supported by technical experts. Our technical expertsmain business operations are available by telephone and conduct on-site customer presentationsbased in support ofSan Diego, California. We regularly seek out opportunities to efficiently expand our sales professionals.operations in international locations that offer highly talented resources as a way to maximize our global competitiveness.
Software Licenses
 
The typical sales cyclebulk of our revenue presently is generated from new subscription and historical maintenance payments for IWS Biometric Engine and IWSour software solutions for Law Enforcement, includesBadging, Identity Management, and Multi-factor Access, MFA.  We currently have four primary revenue sources:
- Annual Maintenance of our Law Enforcement Solution;
- Perpetual license revenue of our Badging Solution;
- Term Subscriptions of our ImageWare Authenticate solution; and  
- Professional Services fees associated with implementation and training for our customers.
We are actively engaged in simplifying our revenue sources, migrating our existing customers Annual Maintenance, and perpetual license agreements to more consistent and sustainable subscription models.
Software as a pre-sale process to define the potential customer’s needs and budget,Service Business Model
We also provide an on-site demonstration and conversations between the potential customer and existing customers. Government agencieson-demand SaaS offering for ImageWare Authenticate. SaaS offerings will be offered on a subscription term-limited basis. We are typically required to purchase large systems by includingexploring offering additional products as SaaS offerings on a list of requirements in a Request for Proposal, known as an “RFP,” and by allowing several companies to openly bid for the project by responding to the RFP. If our response is selected, we enter into negotiations for the contract and, if successful, ultimately receive a purchase order from the customer. This process can take anywhere from a few months to over a year.subscription term-limited basis.
 
 
 
-11--6-
 
 
Our Biometric and ID products are also sold to large integrators, direct via our sales force and to end users through distributors. Depending on the customer’s requirements, there may be instances that require an RFP. The sales cycle can vary from a few weeks to a year.Competition
 
In addition Biometric Market
The market to our direct sales force,provide biometric systems to the identity management market is evolving and we have developed relationships withface competition from a number of systems integrators who contract with government agencies forsources. We believe that the installation and integrationstrength of large computer and communication systems. By acting as a subcontractor to these systems integrators, we are able to avoid the time consuming and often-expensive task of submitting proposals to government agencies, and we also gain access to large clients.our competitive position is based on:
 
We also work
Our ability to provide a system which enables the enrollment, management and authentication of multiple biometrics managing population databases of unlimited sizes;
Searches can be 1:1 (verification), 1:N (identification), and N:N (database integrity); and
The system is technology and biometric agnostic, enabling the use of biometric devices and algorithms from any vendor, and the support of the following biometric types: finger, face, iris, palm and voice
Our multifactor-biometric product faces competition from Duo, HYPR, Daon and Aware Inc., none of which have offerings with companies that offer complementarythe scope and flexibility of our IWS Biometric Engine and its companion suite of products where valueor relevant patent protection. 
Credential Market
Due to the breadth of our software offering in the secure credential market space, we face differing degrees of competition in certain market segments. The strength of our competitive position is created through product integration. Through teaming arrangements, we are able to enhance based upon:
our products and to expand ourstrong brand reputation with a customer base, through the relationshipswhich includes small and contracts of our strategic partners.medium-sized businesses, Fortune 1000 corporations and large government agencies;
 
We plan to continue to market and sell
the ease of integrating our products internationally. Some of the challenges and risks associated with international sales include the difficulty in protecting our intellectual property rights, difficulty in enforcing agreements through foreign legal systems and volatility and unpredictability in the political and economic conditions of foreign countries. We believe we can work to successfully overcome these challenges.technology into other complex applications;
 
Competition
the leveraged strength that comes from offering customers software tools, packaged solutions and web-based service applications that support a wide range of hardware peripherals; and
traditional NFC access control systems are easily hacked
Our software faces competition from a number of companies, like HID Global, ASSA ABLOY, Gemalto, as well as small, regionally based companies.
 
The Law Enforcement and Public Safety Markets
 
Due to the fragmented nature of the law enforcement and public safety market and the modular nature of our product suite, we face different degrees of competition with respect to each IWS Law Enforcement module. We believe the principal bases on which we compete with respect to all of our products are:
 
the unique ability to integrate our modular products into a complete biometric, LiveScan, imaging and investigative system;
 
our reputation as a reliable systems supplier;
 
the usability and functionality of our products; and
 
the responsiveness, availability and reliability of our customer support.support; and
 
Our
hardware agnostic across many biometric vendors.
   Our law enforcement product line faces competition from other companies such as DataWorks Plus, Idemia, Gemalto and 3M.NEC. Internationally, there are often a number of local companies offering solutions in most countries.
Secure Credential Market
Due to the breadth of our software offering in the secure credential market space, we face differing degrees of competition in certain market segments. The strength of our competitive position is based upon:
our strong brand reputation with a customer base, which includes small and medium-sized businesses, Fortune 500 corporations and large government agencies;
the ease of integrating our technology into other complex applications; and
the leveraged strength that comes from offering customers software tools, packaged solutions and web-based service applications that support a wide range of hardware peripherals.
Our software faces competition from Datacard Corporation, a privately held manufacturer of hardware, software and consumables for the ID market, as well as small, regionally based companies.
Biometric Market
The market to provide biometric systems to the identity management market is evolving and we face competition from a number of sources. We believe that the strength of our competitive position is based on:
our ability to provide a system which enables the enrollment, management and authentication of multiple biometrics managing population databases of unlimited sizes;
searches can be 1:1 (verification), 1:N (identification), X:N (investigative), and N:N (database integrity); and
the system is technology and biometric agnostic, enabling the use of biometric devices and algorithms from any vendor, and the support of the following biometric types: finger, face, iris, hand geometry, palm, DNA, signature, voice, 3D face and retina.
  
 
-12--7-
 
 
Our multi-biometric product faces competition from French-based Safran, Irish-based Daon, 3M and Aware Inc., none of which have offerings with the scope and flexibility of our IWS Biometric Engine and its companion suite of products or relevant patent protection.
Intellectual Property
 
We rely on trademark, patent, trade secret and copyright laws and confidentiality and license agreements to protect our intellectual property. We have several federally registered trademarks, including the trademark ImageWare and IWS Biometric Engine, as well as trademarks for which there are pending trademark registrations with the United States, Canadian and other International Patent & Trademark Offices.
 
We hold several issued patents and have several other patent applications pending for elements of our products. We believe we have the foundational patents regarding the use of multiple biometrics and continue to be an IP leader in the biometric arena. It is our belief that this intellectual property leadership will create a sustainable competitive advantage.
We are an early pioneer in the first to fileof patents related to multi-modal biometrics and currently are thea worldwide leader in multi-modal biometric patents, with 2227 issued patents worldwide and 2514 pending or allowed patent applications worldwide as well. The Company’s patents pending. These technologies allow biometric matching using any type of biometric modality for identity verification while protecting the privacy of an individual. It is our belief that such technology will be critical to providing biometric management solutions for the consumer market where privacy protection has been a historical issue and barrier to biometric adoption.are as follows:
 
The Company strengthened its patent portfolio in June 2012 with the purchase of four U.S. patents relating to wireless technology from Vocel. These patents, combined with the Company’s existing foundational patents in the areas of biometric identification, verification, enrollment and fusion, provide a unique and protected foundation on which to build interactive mobile applications that are secured using biometrics.US Issued Patents - 17
US Allowed Patents - 1
US Patent Applications - 3
 
We regard our software as proprietary and retain title to and ownership of the software we develop. We attempt to protect our rights in the software primarily through patents and trade secrets. We have not published the source code of most of our software products and require employees and other third parties who have access to the source code and other trade secret information to sign confidentiality agreements acknowledging our ownership and the nature of these materials as our trade secrets.International Issued Patents - 10
International Patent Applications - 10
 
Despite these precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized parties to copy or reverse-engineer portions of our products. Although our competitive position could be threatened by disclosure or reverse engineering of this proprietary information, we believe that copyright and trademark protection are less important than other factors, such as the knowledge, ability, and experience of our personnel, name recognition and ongoing product development and support.Total Worldwide Issued Patents - 27
Total Worldwide Allowed Patents - 1
Our software products are licensed to end users under a perpetual, nontransferable, nonexclusive license that stipulates which modules can be used and how many concurrent users may use them. These forms of licenses are typically not signed by the licensee and may be more difficult to enforce than signed agreements in some jurisdictions.Total Worldwide Patent Applications - 14
 
Employees
 
We had a total of 73 and 6444 full-time employees as of December 31, 20182020. In 2020, we had 40 employees based in the United States, three employees based in Canada and 2017, respectively.one employee based in Mexico. Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.
 
Environmental Regulation
 
Our business does not require us to comply with any particular environmental regulations.
 
Additional Available Information
 
We make available, free of charge, at our corporate website (http://www.iwsinc.com) copies of our annual reports filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and all amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. We also provide copies of our Forms 8-K, 10-K, 10-Q, and proxy statements at no charge to investors upon request. Additionally, all reports filed by us with the SEC are available free of charge via EDGAR through the SEC website at www.sec.gov.www.sec.gov.
 
 
-13--8-
 
 
ITEM 1A.
RISRISKK FACTORS
 
Our business is subject to significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this Annual Report, including our financial statements and related notes, before you decide to invest in our Common Stock. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially harmed, the trading price of our Common Stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we currently believe may materially affect us; however, they may not be the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that may harm our business. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligations to update any risk factors.
   
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
Available cash resources maywill be insufficient to provide for our working capital needs for the next twelve months. In the event such cash resources are insufficient to provide for our working capital requirements,As a result, we will need to raise additional capital to continue as a going concern.
 
Duringthe year ended December 31, 2018, we consummated a preferred stock offering resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $10.0 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2018, we entered into an Exchange Agreement with the holders of our related party lines of credit aggregating $6.0 million in principal borrowings and accrued unpaid interest incurred under the lines of credit of approximately $0.9 million, whereby the holders agreed to exchange their notes and interest for an aggregate 6,896 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred stock. As a result of this exchange, all amounts owed by the Company under the lines of credit were deemed satisfied in full. At December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, we had positivenegative working capital of approximately $3,078,000.$19,349,000 and $1,653,000, respectively. Our principal source of liquidity at December 31, 20182020 and 2019 consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $5,694,000.
$8,345,000 and $1,030,000, respectively. Considering the financings consummated in 2020, as well as our projected cash requirements, and assuming we are unable to generate incremental revenue, our available cash maywill be insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements for the next twelve months from the date of this filing. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. To address our working capital requirements, management mayintends to seek additional equity and/or debt financing through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity securities orand may seek strategic or other transactions intended to increase shareholder value. There are currently no formal committed financing arrangements to support our projected cash shortfall, including commitments to purchase additional debt and/or equity securities, or other agreements, and no assurances can be given that we will be successful in raising additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity securities, or entering into any other transaction that addresses our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
We have a history of significant recurring losses totaling approximately $186.6$213.2 million at December 31, 20182020 and $170.5$203.2 million atand December 31, 2017,2019, and these losses may continue in the future.
 
As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $186.6$213.2 million and $170.5$203.2 million, respectively, and these losses may continue in the future. We expect to continue to incur significant sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expense. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability, and we may never achieve profitability.
Our loan under the Paycheck Protection Program may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification for the loan.
We have received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $1.57 million under the Payroll Protection Program (“PPP Loan”), which was established under the CARES Act and is administered by the SBA (“PPP”). Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP Loan recipients can apply for loan forgiveness. The potential loan forgiveness for all or a portion of PPP Loan is determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loan proceeds over the 24 weeks after the loan proceeds are disbursed for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if PPP Loan recipients terminate employees or reduce salaries during the covered period. The unforgiven portion of our PPP Loan, if any, is payable over two years at an interest rate of 1%, with a deferral of payments for the first six months. We have utilized all the proceeds from the PPP Loan for purposes consistent with the PPP. While we currently believe that our use of the loan proceeds will meet the conditions for forgiveness of the PPP Loan, the Series D Financing may affect the Company's ability to have the PPP Loan forgiven under the PPP and there can be no assurance that forgiveness for any portion of the PPP Loan will be obtained.
-9-
Additionally, the Company is evaluating whether the Series D Financing will prevent the Company from qualifying for loan forgiveness. In the event the SBA determines that the Series D Financing disqualifies the Company for loan forgiveness under the PPP, the Company will be required to repay all $1.57 million of the PPP Loan by May 4, 2022, with interest accruing at 1%.
  
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future.
 
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past. These fluctuations in operating results are the consequence of the following, amongst other things:
 
varying demand for and market acceptance of our technology and products;
 
changes in our product or customer mix;
 
the gain or loss of one or more key customers or their key customers, or significant changes in the financial condition of one or more of our key customers or their key customers;
 
our ability to introduce, certify and deliver new products and technologies on a timely basis;
 
the announcement or introduction of products and technologies by our competitors;
 
competitive pressures on selling prices;
 
costs associated with acquisitions and the integration of acquired companies, products and technologies;
 
our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies, products and technologies;
 
our accounting and legal expense; and
 
general economic conditions.
 
-14-
These factors, some of which are not within our control, will likely continue in the future. To respond to these and other factors, we may need to make business decisions that could result in failure to meet financial expectations. If our quarterly operating results fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could drop suddenly and significantly. Most of our expense, such as employee compensation and inventory, is relatively fixed in the short term. Moreover, our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future revenue levels. As a result, if our revenue for a particular period was below our expectations, we may not be able to proportionately reduce our operating expense for that period. Any revenue shortfall would have a disproportionately negative effect on our operating results for the period.
 
We depend upon a small number of large system sales ranging from $100,000 to in excess of $2,000,000several million dollars and we may fail to achieve one or more large system sales in the future.
 
Historically, we have derived a substantial portion of our revenue from a small number of sales of large, relatively expensive systems, typically ranging in price from $100,000 to $2,000,000. If we fail to receive orders for these large systems in a given sales cycle on a consistent basis, our business could be significantly harmed. Further, our quarterly results are difficult to predict because we cannot predict in which quarter, if any, large system sales will occur in a given year. As a result, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations are not a good indication of our future performance. In some future quarters, our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, in which case the market price of our Common Stock may decrease significantly.
 
-10-
Our lengthy sales cycle may cause us to expend significant resources for one year or more in anticipation of a sale to certain customers, yet we still may fail to complete the sale.
When considering the purchase of a large computerized identity management system,product, potential customers may take as long as eighteen months to evaluate different systemssolutions and obtain approval for the purchase. Under these circumstances, if we fail to complete a sale, we will have expended significant resources and received no revenue in return. Generally, customers consider a wide range of issues before committing to purchase our products, including product benefits, ability to operate with their current systems, product reliability and their own budgetary constraints. While potential customers are evaluating our products, we may incur substantial selling costs and expend significant management resources in an effort to accomplish potential sales that may never occur. In times of economic recession, our potential customers may be unwilling or unable to commit resources to the purchase of new and costly systems.
 
A significant number of our customers and potential customers are local, state, and federal government agencies that are subject to unique political and budgetary constraints and have special contracting requirements, which may affect our ability to obtain new and retain current government customers.
 
A significant number of our customers are government agencies. These agencies often do not set their own budgets and therefore have little control over the amount of money they can spend from quarter-to-quarter or year-to-year. In addition, these agencies experience political pressure that may dictate the manner in which they spend money. Due to political and budgetary processes and other scheduling delays that may frequently occur relating to the contract or bidding process, some government agency orders may be canceled or substantially delayed, and the receipt of revenue or payments from these agencies may be substantially delayed. In addition, future sales to government agencies will depend on our ability to meet government contracting requirements, certain of which may be onerous or impossible to meet, resulting in our inability to obtain a particular contract. Common requirements in government contracts include bonding requirements, provisions permitting the purchasing agency to modify or terminate at will the contract without penalty, and provisions permitting the agency to perform investigations or audits of our business practices, any of which may limit our ability to enter into new contracts or maintain our current contracts.
 
One customerTwo customers accounted for approximately 36%61% of our total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, and two customers accounted for approximately 25%37% of our total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2017.2019. In the event of any material decrease in revenue from this customer,these customers, or if we are unable to replace the revenue through the sale of our products to additional customers, our financial condition and results from operations could be materially and adversely affected.
 
During the yearsyear ended December 31, 2020, two customers accounted for approximately 61% or $2,921,000 of our total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, one customer2019, two customers accounted for approximately 36%37% or $1,573,000$1,301,000 of our total revenue, and 25% or $1,089,000of our total revenue, respectively.revenue. If this customerthese customers were to significantly reduce itstheir relationship with the Company, or in the event thethat we are unable to replace the revenue through the sale of our products to additional customers, our financial condition and results from operations could be negatively impacted, and such impact would be material.
 
We face competition from companies with greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources, and, if we are unable to compete effectively with these competitors, our market share may decline and our business could be harmed.
We face competition from other established companies. A number of our competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, significantly greater financial, technological, sales, marketing and other resources than we do. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements, more quickly develop new products or devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products and services than we can. Likewise, their greater capabilities in these areas may enable them to better withstand periodic downturns in the identity management solutions industry and compete more effectively on the basis of price and production. In addition, new companies may enter the markets in which we compete, further increasing competition in the identity management solutions industry.
We believe that our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including the type and quality of our products and the strength of our brand names, as well as many factors beyond our control. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced profit margins, loss of market share and an inability to generate cash flows that are sufficient to maintain or expand the development and marketing of new products, any of which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
 
 
-15--11-
 
RISKS RELATED TO OUR TECHNOLOGY
 
We occasionally rely on systems integrators to manage our large projects, and if these companies do not perform adequately, we may lose business.
 
We occasionally act as a subcontractor to systems integrators who manage large projects that incorporate our systems, particularly in foreign countries.systems. We cannot control these companies, and they may decide not to promote our products or may price their services in such a way as to make it unprofitable for us to continue our relationship with them. Further, they may fail to perform under agreements with their customers, in which case we might lose sales to these customers. If we lose our relationships with these companies, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.
 
We are dependent uponSome third parties for the successful integration ofintegrate our products, and/software into their platforms or the launch of our products.solutions. Any delay in the integration of our productssoftware or the launch of third-party products may materially affect our results from operations and financial condition.
 
              Our current marketing strategy involves the distributionWe sell some of our productssoftware through larger product partners and/or resellers that will either resell our product alongside theirs, OEM a white label version of our products, or sell our products fully integrated into their offerings. Our strategy leaves us largelyIn these cases, we are dependent upon the successful rollout of our products by our distribution partners. We have experienced delays in the rollout of our products due to these factors during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, and no assurances can be given that we will not experience delays in the future. Any delays negatively affect our results from operations and financial condition.
If our security measures or those of our third-party data center hosting facilities, Cloud computing platform providers, or third-party service partners, are breached, and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data, our data or our IT systems, or authorized access is blocked or disabled, our services may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our services, and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities.
Our services involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ and our customers’ customers’ proprietary and other sensitive data, including financial information and other personally identifiable information. While we have security measures in place, they may be breached as a result of efforts by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored organizations or nation-states. Our security measures could also be compromised by employee error or malfeasance, which could result in someone obtaining unauthorized access to, or denying authorized access to our IT systems, our customers’ data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data, our data or our IT systems.
We take extraordinary measures to ensure identity authentication of users who access critical IT infrastructure, including but not limited to, two-factor, multi-factor and biometric identity verification. This substantially reduces the threat of unauthorized access by bad actors using compromised user credentials.
Because the techniques used to breach, obtain unauthorized access to, or sabotage IT systems change frequently, grow more complex over time, and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate or implement adequate measures to prevent against such techniques.
Our services operate in conjunction with and are dependent on products and components across a broad ecosystem and, if there are security vulnerabilities in one of these components, a security breach could occur. In addition, our internal IT systems continue to evolve, and we are often early adapters of new technologies and new ways of sharing data and communicating internally and with partners and customers, which increases the complexity of our IT systems. These risks are mitigated by our ability to maintain and improve business and data governance policies and processes and internal security controls, including our ability to escalate and respond to known and potential risks.
-12-
In addition, our customers may authorize third-party technology providers to access their customer data, and some of our customers may not have adequate security measures in place to protect their data that is stored on our servers. Because we do not control our customers or third-party technology providers, or the processing of such data by third-party technology providers, we cannot ensure the integrity or security of such transmissions or processing. Malicious third parties may also conduct attacks designed to temporarily deny customers access to our services.
A security breach could expose us to a risk of loss or inappropriate use of proprietary and sensitive data, or the denial of access to this data. A security breach could also result in a loss of confidence in the security of our services, damage our reputation, negatively impact our future sales, disrupt our business and lead to legal liability. Finally, the detection, prevention and remediation of known or potential security vulnerabilities, including those arising from third-party hardware or software may result in additional direct and indirect costs, for example additional infrastructure capacity to mitigate any system degradation that could result from remediation efforts.
RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
 
If the patents we own or license, or our other intellectual property rights, do not adequately protect our products and technologies, we may lose market share to our competitors and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
 
Our success depends significantly on our ability to protect our rights to the technologies used in our products. We rely on patent protection, trade secrets, as well as a combination of copyright and trademark laws and nondisclosure, confidentiality and other contractual arrangements to protect our technology. However, these legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep any competitive advantage. In addition, we cannot be assured that any of our current and future pending patent applications will result in the issuance of a patent to us. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) may deny or require significant narrowing of claims in our pending patent applications, and patents issued as a result of the pending patent applications, if any, may not provide us with significant commercial protection or may not be issued in a form that is advantageous to us. We could also incur substantial costs in proceedings before the PTO. These proceedings could result in adverse decisions as to the claims included in our patents.
 
Our issued and licensed patents and those that may be issued or licensed in the future may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing related products. Additionally, upon expiration of our issued or licensed patents, we may lose some of our rights to exclude others from making, using, selling or importing products using the technology based on the expired patents. We also must rely on contractual rights with the third parties that license technology to us to protect our rights in the technology licensed to us. Although we have taken steps to protect our intellectual property and technology, there is no assurance that competitors will not be able to design around our patents. We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology. We cannot assure you that we can meaningfully protect all our rights in our unpatented proprietary technology or that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary products or processes or otherwise gain access to our unpatented proprietary technology. We seek to protect our know-how and other unpatented proprietary technology with confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees. However, such agreements may not provide meaningful protection for our proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of the agreements or in the event that our competitors discover or independently develop similar or identical designs or other proprietary information. In addition, we rely on the use of registered and common law trademarks with respect to the brand names of some of our products. Our common law trademarks provide less protection than our registered trademarks. Loss of rights in our trademarks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. If we fail to apply for intellectual property protection or if we cannot adequately protect our intellectual property rights in these foreign countries, our competitors may be able to compete more effectively against us, which could adversely affect our competitive position, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
-16--13-
 
If third parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling certain products.
 
Whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues, the determination of which is often uncertain. We face the risk of claims that we have infringed on third parties’ intellectual property rights. Searching for existing intellectual property rights may not reveal important intellectual property and our competitors may also have filed for patent protection, which is not yet a matter of public knowledge, or claimed trademark rights that have not been revealed through our availability searches. Our efforts to identify and avoid infringing on third parties’ intellectual property rights may not always be successful. Any claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement, even those without merit, could: 
 
increase the cost of our products;
 
be expensive and time consuming to defend;
 
result in us being required to pay significant damages to third parties;
 
force us to cease making or selling products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;
 
require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrand our products;
 
require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property, the terms of which may not be acceptable to us;
 
require us to indemnify third parties pursuant to contracts in which we have agreed to provide indemnification to such parties for intellectual property infringement claims;
 
divert the attention of our management; and
 
result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of the affected products until the litigation is resolved.
 
In addition, new patents obtained by our competitors could threaten a product’s continued life in the market even after it has already been introduced.
 
If our security measures or those of our third-party data center hosting facilities, cloud computing platform providers, or third-party service partners, are breached, and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data, our data or our IT systems, or authorized access is blocked or disabled, our services may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our services, and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities.REGULATORY AND LEGAL RISK FACTORS
 
Our services involve the storageFailure to comply with federal, state and transmission of our customers’international laws and regulations and our customers’ customers’ proprietarycontractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection and other sensitiveconsumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data includingprotection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial information and other personally identifiable information. While we have security measures in place, they may be breached as a result of efforts by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored organizations or nation-states. Our security measures could also be compromised by employee error or malfeasance, which could result in someone obtaining unauthorized access to, or denying authorized access to our IT systems, our customers’ data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data, our data or our IT systems.condition.
 
We take extraordinary measurescollect and maintain significant amounts of personal data and other data relating to ensure identity authenticationour customers and employees. A variety of users who access critical IT infrastructure, including butfederal, state and international laws and regulations, and certain industry standards, govern or apply to our collection, use, retention, sharing and security of consumer data. We are subject to certain laws, regulations, contractual obligations and industry standards (including, for example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI-DSS) relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, which are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices may not limitedcomply or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to two-factor, multi-factor and biometric identity verification. This substantially reduces the threatcomply with our privacy policies or with any federal, state or international laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of unauthorized access by bad actors using compromised user credentials.

Because the techniques usedconduct, regulatory guidance, orders to breach, obtain unauthorized access to, or sabotage IT systems change frequently, grow more complex over time, and generally are not recognized until launched against a target,which we may be unablesubject or other legal or contractual obligations relating to anticipateprivacy, data protection, information security or implement adequate measuresconsumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other liabilities or require us to prevent againstchange our operations and/or cease or modify our use of certain data sets. Any such techniques.
claim, proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers and suppliers or an inability to process credit card payments and may result in the imposition of monetary penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business.
 
 
-17--14-
 
Our services operateForeign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection often are more restrictive than those in conjunctionthe United States. The European Union, for example, traditionally has imposed stricter obligations under its laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection than the United States. In May 2018 the European Union's new regulation governing data practices and privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became effective and substantially replaced the data protection laws of the individual European Union member states. The law requires companies to meet more stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals in the EU than were required under predecessor EU requirements. In the United Kingdom, a Data Protection Bill that substantially implements the GDPR also became law in May 2018. The law also increases the penalties for non-compliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to €20.0 million or 4% of a company's worldwide turnover, whichever is higher. The GDPR and other similar regulations require companies to give specific types of notice and in some cases seek consent from consumers and other data subjects before collecting or using their data for certain purposes, including some marketing activities. Outside of the European Union, many countries have laws, regulations, or other requirements relating to privacy, data protection, information security, and consumer protection, and new countries are adopting such legislation or other obligations with and are dependent on products and components across a broad ecosystem and, as illustrated by the recent Spectre and Meltdown threats, if there are security vulnerabilities in oneincreasing frequency. Many of these components, a security breach could occur. In addition, our internal IT systems continue to evolve and we are often early adapterslaws may require consent from consumers for the use of new technologies and new ways of sharing data and communicating internally and with partners and customers,for various purposes, including marketing, which increases the complexity of our IT systems. These risks are mitigated bymay reduce our ability to maintainmarket our products. There is no harmonized approach to these laws and improveregulations globally. Consequently, we increase our risk of non-compliance with applicable foreign data protection laws by operating internationally. We may need to change and limit the way we use personal information in operating our business and may have difficulty maintaining a single operating model that is compliant. In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data governanceprotection, information security and consumer protection. For example, California recently adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which provides new data privacy rights for consumers and new operational requirements for businesses. The CCPA includes a statutory damages framework and private rights of action against businesses that fail to comply with certain CCPA terms or implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. The CCPA went into effect in January 2020. The effects of the CCPA potentially are significant, however, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and processesto incur substantial costs and internalexpenses in an effort to comply. As a general matter, compliance with laws, regulations, and any applicable rules or guidance from self-regulatory organizations relating to privacy, data protection, information security controls, includingand consumer protection, may result in substantial costs and may necessitate changes to our business practices, which may compromise our growth strategy, adversely affect our ability to escalateacquire customers, and respond to known and potential risks.
In addition, our customers may authorize third-party technology providers to access their customer data, and some of our customers may not have adequate security measures in place to protect their data that is stored on our servers. Because we do not control our customers or third-party technology providers, or the processing of such data by third-party technology providers, we cannot ensure the integrity or security of such transmissions or processing. Malicious third parties may also conduct attacks designed to temporarily deny customers access to our services.
A security breach could expose us to a risk of loss or inappropriate use of proprietary and sensitive data, or the denial of access to this data. A security breach could also result in a loss of confidence in the security of our services, damage our reputation, negatively impact our future sales, disruptotherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and lead to legal liability. Finally, the detection, prevention and remediation of known or potential security vulnerabilities, including those arising from third-party hardware or software may result in additional direct and indirect costs, for example additional infrastructure capacity to mitigate any system degradation that could result from remediation efforts.
We operate in foreign countries and are exposed to risks associated with foreign political, economic and legal environments and with foreign currency exchange ratesoperating results..
We have significant foreign operations. As a result, we are exposed to risks, including among others, risks associated with foreign political, economic and legal environments and with foreign currency exchange rates. Our results may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflation measures, currency conversions, collection of receivables abroad and rates and methods of taxation.
We depend on key personnel, the loss of any of whom could materially adversely affect future operations.
Our success will depend to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of our executive officers and other key personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of these key employees and any negative market or industry perception arising from the loss of such services could have a material adverse effect on us and the trading price of our Common Stock. Our business will also be dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. Acquiring and keeping these personnel could prove more difficult or cost substantially more than estimated and we cannot be certain that we will be able to retain such personnel or attract a high caliber of personnel in the future.
 
We may have additional tax liabilitiesassessments.
 
We are subject to income taxes in the United States. Significant judgments are required in determining our provisions for income taxes. In the course of preparing our tax provisions and returns, we must make calculations where the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. Our tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and state tax authorities. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations. If the ultimate determination of taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our operating results, cash flows, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
 
We face competition from companiesoperate in foreign countries and are exposed to risks associated with greater financial, technical, sales, marketingforeign political, economic and other resources,legal environments and if we are unable to compete effectively with these competitors, our market share may decline and our business could be harmedforeign currency exchange rates.
 
We face competition from other established companies. A number of our competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, significantly greater financial, technological, sales, marketing and other resources than we do.significant foreign operations. As a result, our competitorswe are exposed to risks, including among others, risks associated with foreign political, economic and legal environments and with foreign currency exchange rates. Our results may be ableadversely affected by, among other things, changes in government policies with respect to respond more quickly than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements, more quickly develop new products or devote greater resources to the promotionlaws and saleregulations, anti-inflation measures, currency conversions, collection of their productsreceivables abroad and services than we can. Likewise, their greater capabilities in these areas may enable them to better withstand periodic downturns in the identity management solutions industryrates and compete more effectively on the basismethods of price and production. In addition, new companies may enter the markets in which we compete, further increasing competition in the identity management solutions industry.

We believe that our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including the type and quality of our products and the strength of our brand names, as well as many factors beyond our control. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced profit margins, loss of market share and an inability to generate cash flows that are sufficient to maintain or expand the development and marketing of new products, any of which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
taxation.
 
 
-18--15-
   
Risks Related to Our SecuritiesGOVERNANCE RISKS AND RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES
 
Our Common Stock is subject to “penny stock” rules.
 
Our Common Stock is currently defined as a “penny stock” under Rule 3a51-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act. “Penny stocks”Act which are subject to Rules 15g-2 through 15g-7 and Rule 15g-9, which impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and institutional accredited investors. Among other things, for transactions covered by these rules, a broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. Consequently, these rules may affect the ability of broker-dealers to sell our Common Stock and affect the ability of holders to sell their shares of our Common Stock in the secondary market. To the extent our Common Stock is subject to the penny stock regulations, the market liquidity for our shares will be adversely affected.
 
Our stock price has been volatile, and your investment in our Common Stock could suffer a decline in value.
 
There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities, which is unrelated to the financial performance of the companies issuing the securities. These broad market fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you pay for those shares due to fluctuations in the market price of our Common Stock caused by changes in our operating performance or prospects and other factors.
  
Some specific factors that may have a significant effect on our Common Stock market price include:
 
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or future prospects;
 
our announcements or our competitors’ announcements of new products;
 
the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
 
strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
 
-16-
new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
 
changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
 
changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;
 
developments regarding our patents or proprietary rights or those of our competitors;
 
our inability to raise additional capital as needed;
 
substantial sales of Common Stock underlying warrants and preferred stock;
 
concern as to the efficacy of our products;
 
changes in financial markets or general economic conditions;
 
sales of Common Stock by us or members of our management team; and
 
changes in stock market analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding our Common Stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally.
-19-
  
Our future sales of our Common Stock could adversely affect its price and our future capital-raising activities could involve the issuance of equity securities, which would dilute shareholders’ investments and could result in a decline in the trading price of our Common Stock.
 
We may sell securities in the public or private equity markets if and when conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time. Sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Common Stock and our ability to raise capital. We may issue additional Common Stock in future financing transactions or as incentive compensation for our executive management and other key personnel, consultants and advisors. Issuing any equity securities would be dilutive to the equity interests represented by our then-outstanding shares of Common Stock. The market price for our Common Stock could decrease as the market takes into account the dilutive effect of any of these issuances. Furthermore, we may enter into financing transactions at prices that represent a substantial discount to the market price of our Common Stock. A negative reaction by investors and securities analysts to any discounted sale of our equity securities could result in a decline in the trading price of our Common Stock.
     
The holders of our preferred stockPreferred Stock (as defined below) have certain rights and privileges that are senior to our Common Stock, and we may issue additional shares of preferred stockPreferred Stock without stockholder approval that could have a material adverse effect on the market value of the Common Stock.
 
Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue a total of up to four5.0 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Preferred Stock”) and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including voting rights, of the preferred stock,Preferred Stock, which typically are senior to the rights of the Common Stock, without any further vote or action by the holders of our Common Stock. The rights of the holders of our Common Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of the preferred stockPreferred Stock that have been issued or might be issued in the future. Preferred stockStock also could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. This could delay, defer, or prevent a change in control. Furthermore, holders of our preferred stockPreferred Stock may have other rights, including economic rights, senior to the Common Stock. As a result, their existence and issuance could have a material adverse effect on the market value of the Common Stock. We have in the past issued and may from time to time in the future issue, preferred stockPreferred Stock for financing or other purposes with rights, preferences, or privileges senior to the Common Stock. As of March 18, 2019,26, 2021, we had three fourseries of preferred stockPreferred Stock outstanding, the Series A Preferred, stock,Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, stock and Series C Preferred stock.D Preferred.   
-17-
 
The provisions of our Series A Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series A Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $1,000 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, there were 14,911 and 37,467 shares of our Series A Preferred outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series A Preferred.
The provisions of our Series A-1 Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series A-1 Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $1,000 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 14,782 and 0 shares of our Series A-1 Preferred outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had no cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series A-1 Preferred.
 
The provisions of our Series B Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series B Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $2.50 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, there were 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred outstanding. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series B Preferred of approximately $8,000.
 
The provisions of our Series CD Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series CD Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $10,000$1,000 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 2017,2020 and 2019, there were no22,863.28 and 0 shares of Series CD Preferred outstanding.outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we had no cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series CD Preferred.
The conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock and the exercise of approximately $0.currently outstanding warrants could result in significant dilution to the holders of our common stock.
The holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Stock Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock may elect to convert their shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2020, we had outstanding: (i) 14,911 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 74,555,000 shares of Common Stock; (ii) 14,782 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 73,910,000 shares of Common Stock; (iii) 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 46,029 shares of Common Stock; and (iv) 22,863.28 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 392,166,023 shares of Common Stock. In addition to our outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, as of December 31, 2020, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 753,775 shares of our Common Stock.
The conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, as well as the exercise of our outstanding warrants could result in significant dilution to existing common shareholders, adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.
 
Upon the occurrence of certain events, we may be required to redeem all or a portion of our Series C Preferred.Preferred Stock.
 
On September 10, 2018, we filed the Series C COD with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, pursuant to which Holders of the Series Ccertain of our Preferred Stock may require us to redeem all or any portion of such Holder’s shares of Series C Preferred at a price per share equal to the Stated Value plus all accrued and unpaid dividends at any timeStock within specific date from and after the third anniversary of the issuance date or in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Series C COD)Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of each class of Preferred Stock). We cannot assure you that we will maintain sufficient cash reserves or that our business will generate cash flow from operations at levels sufficient to permit us to redeem our shares of Series C Preferred Stock if and when required to do so. In the event we have insufficient cash available or do not have access to additional third-party financings on commercially reasonable terms or at all to complete such redemption, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Certain large shareholders may have certain personal interests that may affect the Company.
 
As a result of the securities issued to GoldmanNantahala Capital Management, LLC (“Nantahala Capital Management”), and the related entities controlled by Neal Goldman, a member of our Board of Directors (together, “Nantahala Capital Management, (i) Blackwell Partners LLC - Series A, (ii) Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership, (iii) Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership, (iv) Nantahala Capital Partners SI, LP, (v) NCP QR Limited Partnership, and (vi) Silver Creek CS SAV, L.L.C. (collectively, "GoldmanNantahala"), GoldmanNantahala beneficiallyowns, in the aggregate, approximately 39.5%37% of the Company’s outstanding voting securities as of March 26, 2019.2021.  As a result, GoldmanNantahala has the potential ability to exert influence over both the actions of the Board of Directors and the outcome of issues requiring approval by the Company’s shareholders. This concentration of ownership may have effects such as delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company that may be favored by other shareholders or preventing transactions in which shareholders might otherwise recover a premium for their shares over current market prices.
-20-
  
Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company.
 
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes preferred stock,Preferred Stock, which carries special rights, including voting and dividend rights. With these rights, preferred stockholdersholders of Preferred Stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us.
 
We are also subject
-18-
Our Amended Charter designates courts within the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, and the federal district courts for the United States of America for claims brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amended Charter”) require that, to the anti-takeover provisionsfullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of Section 203an alternative forum, a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for each of the following:
any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company;
any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders;
any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Under theseLaw or the Company’s Amended Charter, or the Amended and Restated Bylaws; or
any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
Furthermore, the Amended Charter sets forth that the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forum for the resolution of any causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Because the applicability of the exclusive forum provision is limited to the extent permitted by law, we believe that the exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the provision and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal law under the Securities Act in the types of lawsuits to which they apply, the provisions if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third party from making a takeover offerhave the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and could delay or prevent a change of control. For purposes of Section 203, “interested stockholder” means, generally, someone owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in Section 203.officers.
 
We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock for the foreseeable future.
 
We have never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock and do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid on the Common Stock for the foreseeable future. The payment of any cash dividend by us will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, capital, regulatory requirements and financial condition. Furthermore, the terms of our Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, Series C Preferred and Series CD Preferred directly limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock.
 
-19-
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to risks arising from epidemic diseases, such as the recent global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus.
The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic, has spread across the globe and is impacting worldwide economic activity. A pandemic, including COVID-19 or other public health epidemics, pose the risk that we or our employees, contractors, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on our business, the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on global economic conditions which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition, including impairing our ability to raise capital when needed.
COVID-19 has prevented employees from returning to physical offices. In many cases, our potential customers in the government or commercial enterprise-side like to test our software in their labs with their systems and hardware. Potential customers have been unable to do this and that has caused purchase decisions to be delayed as these employees who would be testing are now working from their homes and can’t simulate test environments.  COVID-19 has further led to a distributed work environment. Decision makers are now working from their homes, from all different parts of a state or country. Some have weak or no Internet connections, making it harder to review paperwork to decide on a large financial purchase. Some decision makers want to have more conversations with more people, and mull over decisions longer, versus in the past, when an individual could walk into a decision makers office and garner more rapid approval. Some countries have limits on how many people are permitted to gather in one meeting or have been hit particularly hard with many residents suffering and dying from the COVID-19 virus. There is a new paradigm emerging in making critical decisions from a video conference calls versus in person.
An economic recession had set in from the pandemic in 2020. Some companies are not receiving payments and in turn are not making payments to us, causing impairments in our ability to pay others. COVID-19 has led to some of our customers and potential customers being stricken with the virus causing them to not be able to work for many weeks and therefore causing delays for us in our projects or decisions.  Technology partners have slowed down and/or laid off employees, impacting us downstream because decisions makers have been furloughed or the work has been passed to new employees who need to come up to speed on a particular project. The closing/downsizing of our offices due to COVID-19 has further caused employees to work from home on unsecured personal Wifi networks, and as such, working from home may cause security breaches such as malware, ransomware, and Phishing attempts. These attempts in some cases have knocked out their ability to have a connection and be able to work until their IT department resolves their issues.
This outbreak could decrease spending, adversely affect demand for the Company’s products, and harm the Company’s business and results of operations.  It is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on the Company’s business or results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, at this time.
We depend on key personnel, the loss of any of whom could materially adversely affect future operations.
Our success will depend to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of our executive officers and other key personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of these key employees and any negative market or industry perception arising from the loss of such services could have a material adverse effect on us and the trading price of our Common Stock. Our business will also be dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. Acquiring and keeping these personnel could prove more difficult or cost substantially more than estimated and we cannot be certain that we will be able to retain such personnel or attract a high caliber of personnel in the future.
-20-
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLUNRESOLVEDVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
None.
  
ITEM 2.
PPROPERTIESROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters areis located in San Diego, California where we occupy 8,511 square feetand is currently leased on a month-to-month basis. We sublet our former headquarters effective March 1, 2021. As of office space. The lease for such office space commenced on November 1, 2018 and terminates on April 30, 2025. Annual base rent over the lease term approximates $361,000 per year. Prior to November 1, 2018, we leased 9,927 square feet of office spaceDecember 31, 2020, in San Diego, California for approximately $30,000 per month pursuant to a lease agreement that expired in October 2018.
In addition to our corporate headquarters, we also occupiedlease properties in the following spaces at December 31, 2018:
1,508 square feet inlocations: Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, atCanada; Portland, Oregon; Mexico City, México. Management believes that leaving the former headquarters and subleasing the space saves the company money. The new corporate headquarters space is small and adequate for our needs today. When the company reaches cash flow positive, we will be looking for a cost of approximately $3,000 per month untilnew space that takes into account the expiration of the lease on March 31, 2021;
9,720 square feet indistributed workforce. We downsized our Portland, Oregon atengineering office in 2020 and are actively advertising the space to be subleased. The San Diego headquarters suite has been sublet effective March 1, 2021 and the headquarters moved to a cost of approximately $22,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on February 28, 2023;smaller office within San Diego. We maintain an office in Ottawa, Canada and
183 square feet of office space in Mexico City, Mexico, at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month until September 30, 2019.
México for our employees and business in those markets. The Tokyo, Japan office was closed in 2020.
 

 ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
There is currently no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of the Company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting the Company, our Common Stock, any of our subsidiaries or of the Company’s or our subsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.
 
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
None.N/A.
 
 
  PARTPART II
 
ITEM 5.
MARKETMARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Market Information
 
Our Common Stock does not trade on an established securities exchange. Our Common Stock is quoted under the symbol “IWSY” on the OTCQB marketplace. Any OTCQB marketplace quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
 
The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices for our Common Stock for each quarter in 2018 and 2017:
2018 Fiscal Quarters
 
High
 
 
Low
 
First Quarter
 $2.24 
 $1.50 
Second Quarter
 $1.90 
 $1.08 
Third Quarter
 $1.44 
 $0.86 
Fourth Quarter
 $1.01 
 $0.55 
2017 Fiscal Quarters
 
High
 
 
Low
 
First Quarter
 $1.39
 $0.98
Second Quarter
 $1.24
 $0.81
Third Quarter
 $1.50
 $0.83
Fourth Quarter
 $1.62
 $1.25
Holders
 
As of March 26, 2019,2021, we had approximately 197278 registeredholders of record of our Common Stock. A significant number of our shares of Common Stock were held in street name and, as such, we believe that the actual number of beneficial owners of our Common Stock is significantly higher.
 
Dividends
 
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our Common Stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
 
As of December 31, 2018,2020 and 2017,2019, we had cumulative undeclared dividends of approximately $0 relating to our Series A Preferred, $0 related to our Series A-1 Preferred, $8,000 relating to our Series B Preferred, $0 related to our Series C Preferred, and $0 related to our Series CD Preferred.
 
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
 
For a discussion of our equity compensation plans, please see Item 11 of this Annual Report.
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
 
We issued certain equity securities in unregistered transactions during 2020 and fiscal year 2018.2019. All of the securities issued in non-registered transactions were issued in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) and/or Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and were reported in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.2020 and through the date of this report.
 
ITEM 6.
SELECTEDSELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The disclosures in this section are not required because we qualify as a smaller reporting company under federal securities laws.
 

 
-22-
 

ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S MANAGEMENT’SDISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us, which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including (without limitation) the disclosures made under the captions “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors,”Factors”, and in the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Overview
The Company is a pioneer and leader in the emerging market for biometrically enabled software-based identity management solutions.biometric identification and authentication software. Using those human characteristics that are unique to us all, we createthe Company creates software that provides a highly reliable indication of a person’s identity. Our “flagship” product is our patented IWS Biometric Engine®. Scalable for small city business or worldwide deployment, our IWS Biometric Engine is a multi-biometric software platform that is hardware and algorithm independent, enabling the enrollment and management of unlimited population sizes. It allows a user to utilize one or more biometrics on a seamlessly integrated platform. OurThe Company’s products are used to manage and issue secure credentials, including national IDs, passports, driver licenses and access control credentials. OurThe Company’s products also provide law enforcement with integrated mug shot,mugshot, fingerprint LiveScan fingerprint and investigative capabilities. WeThe Company also provideprovides comprehensive authentication security software using biometrics to secure physical and logical access to facilities or computer networks or Internet sites. Biometric technology is now an integral part of all markets we addressthe Company addresses, and all ofthe products leveraged by our products are integrated into thepatented IWS Biometric Engine. Engine®
 
With the advent of cloud-based computing and the proliferation of smart mobile devices, which allow for reliable biometric capture and the need to secure access to data, products and services, the Company believes that the market for multi-biometric solutions will expand to encompass significant deployments of biometric systems in the commercial and consumer markets. The Company therefore intends to leverage the strength of its experience servicing existing government clients who have deployed the Company’s products for large populations, as well as its foundational patent portfolio in the field of multi-modal biometrics and the fusion of multiple biometric algorithms, to address the growing commercial and consumer market.
Our biometric technology is a core software component of an organization’s security infrastructure and includes a multi-biometric identity management solution for enrolling, managing, identifying and verifying the identities of people by the physical characteristics of the human body. We develop, sell and support various identity management capabilities within government (federal, state and local), law enforcement, commercial enterprises, and transportation and aviation markets for identification and verification purposes. Our IWS Biometric EngineEngine® is a patented biometric identity management software platformand authentication database built for multi-biometric enrollment, management and authentication, managing population databases of virtually unlimited sizes.authentication. It is hardware agnostic and can utilize different types of biometric algorithms. It allows different types of biometrics to be operated at the same time on a seamlessly integrated platform. It is also offered as an a Software Development Kit (“SDK based search engine,”), enabling developers and system integrators to implement a biometric solutionsolutions or integrate biometric capabilities into existing applications without havingapplications. 
Our secure credential solutions empower customers to derive biometric functionality from pre-existing applications. Thedesign and create smart digital identification wristbands and badges for access control systems. We develop, sell and support software and design systems that utilize digital imaging and biometrics for photo identification cards, credentials and identification systems. Our products in this market consist of IWS EPI Suite and IWS EPI Builder. These products allow for production of digital identification badges and related databases and records and can be used by, among others, schools, airports, hospitals, corporations and governments. We have added the ability to incorporate multiple biometrics into the ID systems with the integration of IWS Biometric Engine combinedEngine®.
The Company is also a developer of a biometric based multi-factor authentication (MFA) Cloud-based service. ImageWare Authenticate brings together Cloud and mobile technologies to offer multi-factor authentication for the enterprise, and across industries. ImageWare Authenticate consists of mobile and desktop clients, and the backend system which is a Cloud-based Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) servicing Cloud-based biometric template matching requests. ImageWare Authenticate comes in two offerings, Workforce and Customer. ImageWare Authenticate Customer is leveraged by product developers to enable biometric authentication for their consumers. For the enterprise, ImageWare Authenticate Workplace provides turnkey integration with our secure credential platform, IWS EPI Builder, provides a comprehensive, integratedMicrosoft Windows, Microsoft Active Directory, CA SSO, IBM Security Access Manager (“ISAM”), SAP Cloud Platform, Fujitsu's RunMyProcess, Palo Alto Networks VPN and HPE’s Aruba ClearPass. These integrations provide multi-modal biometric authentication to replace or augment passwords for use with enterprise and secure credential solution that can be leveraged for high-end applications such as passports, driver licenses, national IDs, and other secure documents.consumer class systems.
 

Our law enforcement solutions enable agencies to quickly capture, archive, search, retrieve, and share digital images, fingerprints and other biometrics, as well as criminal history records on a stand-alone, networked, wireless or web-basedWeb-based platform. We develop, sell and support a suite of modular software products used by law enforcement and public safety agencies to create and manage criminal history records and to investigate crime. Our IWS Law Enforcement solution consists of five software modules: Capture and Investigative modules, which provide a criminal booking system with related databases as well as the ability to create and print mug photo/SMTscars, marks, and tattoos (SMT), as well as image lineups and electronic mugbooks;mug-books; a Facial Recognition module, which uses biometric facial recognition to identify suspects; a Web module, which provides access to centrally stored records over the Internet in a connected or wireless fashion; and a LiveScan module, which incorporates LiveScan capabilities into IWS Law Enforcement platform providing integrated fingerprint and palm print biometric management for civil and law enforcement use. The IWS Biometric EngineEngine® is also available to our law enforcement clients and allows them to capture and search using other biometrics such as iris or DNA.multiple biometrics.
 
 
 
-23-
 
 
Our secure credential solutions empower customers to create secure and smart digital identification documents with complete ID systems. We develop, sell and support software and design systems which utilize digital imaging and biometrics in the production of photo identification cards, credentials and identification systems. Our products in this market consist of IWS EPI Suite and IWS EPI Builder. These products allow for the production of digital identification cards and related databases and records and can be used by, among others, schools, airports, hospitals, corporations or governments. We have added the ability to incorporate multiple biometrics into the ID systems with the integration of IWS Biometric Engine to our secure credential product line.Recent Market Conditions
 
Our enterprise authentication software includesDuring March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the IWS Desktop Security product, which isWorld Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of a comprehensive authentication management infrastructure solution providing added layersnovel strain of security to workstations, networks and systems through advanced encryption and authentication technologies. IWS Desktop Security is optimized to enhance network security and usability, and uses multi-factor authentication methods to protect access, verify identity and help secure the computing environment without sacrificing ease-of-use features such as quick login. Additionally, IWS Desktop Security provides an easy integration with various smart card-based credentials including the Common Access Cardcoronavirus (“CACCOVID-19”), Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (“HSPD-12”), Personal Identity Verification (“PIV”) credential, and Transportation Worker Identification Credential (“TWIC”) with an organization’s access control process. IWS Desktop Security provides the crucial end-point component of a Logical Access Control System (“LACS”), and when combined with a Physical Access Control System (“PACS”), organizations benefit from a complete door to desktop access control and security model..
 
Recent DevelopmentsThe pandemic has significantly impacted the economic conditions both in the United States and worldwide, with accelerated effects in February 2020 through the date of this Annual Report, as federal, state and local governments react to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in both the worldwide and the United States economies. The situation is rapidly changing and additional impacts to our business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change including the timing of lifting any restrictions or office closure requirements.
 
CreationThe full extent of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
On September 10, 2018,COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the Company filed the Certificate of Designations, Preferences,duration and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, designating 1,000 sharesspread of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as Series C Convertible Preferred stock, each share with a stated value of $10,000 per share.
Series C Financing
From September 10, 2018 through September 21, 2018,pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets and any new information that may emerge concerning the Company offered and sold an aggregate of 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Series C Financing was $10,000,000. Issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the Series C Financing were approximately $1,211,000, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $8,789,000.
Amendment to Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On September 10, 2018, the Company filed an Amendment to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, to increase the number of shares of Series A Preferred authorized for issuance thereunder to 38,000 shares, in order to permit the Debt Exchange.
Debt Exchange
On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into Exchange Agreements with Neal Goldman and Charles Crocker, pursuant to which Messrs. Goldman and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owed under the terms of their respective lines of credit for an aggregate of 6,896 shares of Series A Preferred. As a resultseverity of the Debt Exchange, all indebtedness, liabilities andvirus, its spread to other obligations arising underregions as well as the respective lines of credit were cancelled and deemed satisfied in full. Messrs. Goldman and Crocker are members of the Company’s Board of Directors and related parties.
-24-
Declaration of Special Dividendactions taken to contain it, among others.
 
Concurrently withOn March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the Series C Financing, the Company’s Board“Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of Directors declared the Special Dividend for Holders of the Series A Preferred, pursuant to which each Holder received a Dividend Warrant to purchase 39.87 shares of Company Common Stock for every share of Series A Preferred held, which resulted in the issuance of Dividend Warrantsemployer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the Holders as a groupnet interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions and technical corrections to purchase an aggregate of 1,493,856 shares of Common Stock. Each Dividend Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and is exercisable immediately upon issuance; provided, however, that a Dividend Warrant may only be exercised concurrently with the conversion of shares of Series A Preferred held by a Holder into shares of Common Stock. In addition, each Dividend Warrant held by a Holder shall expire on the earliest to occur of (i) the conversion of all Series A Preferred held by such Holder into Common Stock, (ii) the redemption by the Company of all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred held by such Holder, (iii) the Dividend Warrant no longer representing the right to purchase any shares of Common Stock, and (iv) the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance.
tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property.
 
The Company continues to examine the impact that the CARES Act may have on our business. Currently the Company is unable to determine the impact that the CARES Act will have on our financial condition, results of operation or liquidity. 
Critical Accounting Estimates
 
The discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to utilize accounting policies and make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingencies as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during a fiscal period. The SEC considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to a company’s financial condition and results of operations, and if it requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application.
 
Significant estimates include the evaluation of our ability to continue as a going concern, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, recoverability of goodwill, assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of share basedshare-based payments, assumptions used in the application of fair value methodologies to calculate the fair value differential of theSeries D Preferred Stock Exchange (as defined below), fair value ofand financial instruments issued with and affected by the Series D Preferred Financing (defined below), fair value of financial instruments with and affected by the Series C Financing,Preferred (defined below), fair value of Series A Preferred (defined below), fair value of Series A-1 Preferred (defined below), assumptions used in the application of revenue recognition policies, assumptions used in the derivation of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate used in the computation of the Company’s operating lease liabilities and assumptions used in the application of fair value methodologies to calculate the fair value of pension assets and obligations. Actual results could differ from estimates.
 
The following are our critical accounting policies because we believe they are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require critical management judgments and estimates about matters that are uncertain. If actual results or events differ materially from those contemplated by us in making these estimates, our reported financial condition and results of operations for future periods could be materially affected.
-24-
 
Revenue Recognition. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method.
 
In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
 
The core principle of the standard is that we should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following five step model:
 
1.
Identify the contract with the customer;
 
2.
Identify the performance obligation in the contract;
 
3.
Determine the transaction price;
 
4.
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 
5.
Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
-25-
  
At contract inception, we assess the goods and services promised in a contract with a customer and identify as a performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either: (i) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or (ii) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. We recognize revenue only when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.
  
Determining the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations as well as the transaction price and the amounts allocated to performance obligations requires judgement.
 
We disclose disaggregation of our customer revenue by classes of similar products and services as follows:
 
Software licensing and royalties;
 
Sales of computer hardware and identification media;
 
Services; and
 
Post-contract customer support.
  
Software licensing and royalties
 
Software licenses consist of revenue from the sale of software for identity management applications. Our software licenses are functional intellectual property and typically provide customers with the right to use our software in perpetuity as it exists when made available to the customer. We recognize revenue from software licensing at a point in time upon delivery, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
Royalties consist of revenue from usage-based arrangements and guaranteed minimum-based arrangements. We recognize revenue for royalty arrangements at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied.
 
Computer hardware and identification media
 
We generate revenue from the sale of computer hardware and identification media. Revenue for these items is recognized upon delivery of these products to the customer, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
-25-
Services
 
Services revenue is comprised primarily of software customization services, software integration services, system installation services and customer training. Revenue is generally recognized upon completion of services and customer acceptance provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
Post-contract customer support (“PCS”)
 
Post contract customer supportPCS consists of maintenance on software and hardware for our identity management solutions. We recognize PCS revenue from periodic maintenance agreements. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the respective maintenance periods provided no significant obligations remain. Costs related to such contracts are expensed as incurred.
 
Arrangements with multiple performance obligations
 
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. In addition to selling software licenses, hardware and identification media, services and post-contract customer support on a standalone basis, certain contracts include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on our best estimate of the relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for a performance obligation is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The primary methods used to estimate standalone selling price are as follows: (i) the expected cost-plus margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service and (ii) the percent discount off of list price approach.
  
-26-
Contract costs
 
We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period is one year or less.
 
Other items
 
We do not offer rights of return for our products and services in the normal course of business.
 
Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenue.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.  We provide an allowance for our accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from our customers’ inability to pay. We determine the amount of allowance by analyzing historical losses, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, and the age of the accounts receivable balances and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
 
ValuationImpairment of Goodwill, Other Intangible and Long-Lived Assets.The Company accounts for its intangible assets under the provisions of ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.”Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, intangible assets with a definite life are analyzed for impairment under ASC 360-10-05 “Property, Plant and Equipment” and intangible assets with an indefinite life are analyzed for impairment under ASC 360 annually, or more often if circumstances dictate. The Company performs its annual goodwillsimplified impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year, or if required, at the end of each fiscal quarter.year. In December 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The provisions of ASU 2017-04 eliminate the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. Entities that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts will no longer be required to perform a qualitative assessment assuming they pass the simplified impairment test.
 
The Company did not record any goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 20182020 or 2017.2019.
-26-
 
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their net book value may not be recoverable. When such factors and circumstances exist, the Company compares the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amount. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, based on market value when available, or discounted expected cash flows, of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The Company’s management currently believes there is no impairment of its long-lived assets. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions will not change or demand for the Company’s products under development will continue. Either of these could result in future impairment of long-lived assets.
 
There are many management assumptions and estimates underlying the determination of an impairment loss, and estimates using different, but reasonable, assumptions could produce significantly different results. Significant assumptions include estimates of future levels of revenue and operating expense. Therefore, the timing and recognition of impairment losses by us in the future, if any, may be highly dependent upon our estimates and assumptions. There can be no assurance that goodwill impairment will not occur in the future.
 
Stock-Based Compensation.  At December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan for employees and nonemployee directors, which authorizes the granting of various equity-based incentives including stock options and restricted stock.
 
The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, consistent with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation. The fair value of stock options granted is recognized to expense over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense is reported in general and administrative, sales and marketing, engineering and customer service expense based upon the departments to which substantially all of the associated employees report and credited to additional paid-in capital.  
   
-27-
ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. For the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life, and interest rates. The Company is required to make various assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company has determined that the best measure of expected volatility is based on the historical weekly volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. Historical volatility factors utilized in the Company’s Black-Scholes computations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 ranged from 57% and 6483%. The Company has elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the SEC approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The expected term used by the Company to value the grants issued in 20182020 and 20172019 as computed by this method was 5.17 years. The effect of the difference between the actual historical expected life and the simplified method was immaterial. The interest rate used is the risk-free interest rate and is based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term. Interest rates used in the Company’s Black-Scholes calculations were 2.6%averaged 2.58% for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. Dividend yield is zero, as the Company does not expect to declare any dividends on the Company’s common shares in the foreseeable future.
 
In addition to the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the estimated forfeiture rate at the time of valuation is a critical assumption. The Company has estimated an annualized forfeiture rate of approximately 0%5.0% for corporate officers, 4.1% for members of the Board of Directors and 6.0%15.0% for all other employees. The Company reviews the expected forfeiture rate annually to determine if that percent is still reasonable based on historical experience.
 
Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences related to temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes at each year-end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary based on the weight of available evidence, if it is considered more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax expense is the sum of current income tax plus the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. 
-27-
 
ASC 740-10 requires a company to first determine whether it is more-likely-than-not (defined as a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits as of the reporting date, assuming that taxing authorities will examine the position and have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets this more-likely-than-not threshold is then measured and recognized at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized upon effective settlement with a taxing authority.
 
We recognize and measure uncertain tax positions in accordance with GAAP, pursuant to which we only recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Any tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We report a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. GAAP further requires that a change in judgment related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions be recognized in earnings in the quarter of such change. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
 
We file annual income tax returns in multiple taxing jurisdictions around the world. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, we believe that our analysis of income tax reserves reflects the most likely outcome. We adjust these reserves, if any, as well as the related interest, in light of changing facts and circumstances. Settlement of any particular position could require the use of cash.
 
Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the Company’s provision for income taxes. No assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company adjusts these items in light of changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
 
-28-
The Internal Revenue Code (the “Revenue Code”) limits the availability of certain tax credits and net operating losses that arose prior to certain cumulative changes in a corporation’s ownership resulting in a change of control of the Company. The Company’s use of its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards will be significantly limited because the Company believes it underwent “ownership changes,”changes”, as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, in 1991, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2011, 2012, 2018 and 2012,2020, though the Company has not performed a study to determine the limitation. The Company has reduced its deferred tax assets to zero relating to its federal and state research credits because of such limitations. The Company continues to disclose the tax effect of the net operating loss carryforwards at their original amount as the actual limitation has not yet been quantified. The Company has also established a full valuation allowance for substantially all deferred tax assets due to uncertainties surrounding its ability to generate future taxable income to realize these assets. Since substantially all deferred tax assets are fully reserved, future changes in tax benefits will not impact the effective tax rate. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets. If it is determined at some time in the future that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance would be reduced accordingly at that time.
 
    On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the CARES Act into law, which, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property.
    The Company continues to examine the impact that the CARES Act may have on our business. Currently the Company is unable to determine the impact that the CARES Act will have on our financial condition, results of operation or liquidity.
-28-
Fair-Value Measurements. The Company accounts for fair value measurements in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
  
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:
 
Level 1Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
Level 3Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).
Level 1- Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2- Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
Level 3- Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).
 
Assessing the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability. Determining whether a fair value measurement is based on Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 inputs is important because certain disclosures are applicable only to those fair value measurements that use Level 3 inputs. The use of Level 3 inputs may include information derived through extrapolation or interpolation which involves management assumptions as well as valuation techniques employing Monte Carlo simulation methodologies, binomial stock price modelsmethodologies.
Lease Liabilities and variable conversion probabilities.Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets
The Company is a party to certain contractual arrangements for office space which meet the definition of leases under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842 – Leases (“ASC 842”). In accordance with ASC 842, the Company has determined that such arrangements are operating leases and accordingly the Company has, as of January 1, 2019, recorded operating lease right-of-use assets and related lease liability for the present value of the lease payments over the lease terms using the Company’s estimated weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of approximately 14.5%. The Company has utilized the practical expedient regarding lease and nonlease components and has combined such items into a single combined component. The Company has also utilized the practical expedient regarding leases of twelve months or less and has excluded such leases from its computation of lease liability and related right-of-use assets. The Company has also elected the optional transition package of practical expedients which include:
A package of practical expedient to not reassess:
Whether a contract is or contains a lease
Lease classification
Initial direct costs
 
For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 into the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Results of Operations
This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction withStatements for the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Comparison of Results for Fiscal YearsYear Ended December 31, 2018 and 20172020.
  
Product Revenue
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Product Revenue
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and royalties
 $1,334 
 $1,248 
 $86 
  7%
Percentage of total net product revenue
  76%
  77%
    
    
Hardware and consumables
 $133 
 $94 
 $39 
  41%
Percentage of total net product revenue
  7%
  6%
    
    
Services
 $294 
 $272 
 $22 
  8%
Percentage of total net product revenue
  17%
  17%
    
    
Total net product revenue
 $1,761 
 $1,614 
 $147 
  9%
 
 
-29-
 
 
Comparison of Results for Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Product Revenue
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Product Revenue
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and royalties
 $872 
 $489 
 $383 
  78%
Percentage of total net product revenue
  39%
  53%
    
    
Hardware and consumables
 $84 
 $96 
 $(12)
  (13)%
Percentage of total net product revenue
  4%
  10%
    
    
Services
 $1,275 
 $338 
 $937 
  277%
Percentage of total net product revenue
  57%
  37%
    
    
Total net product revenue
 $2,231 
 $923 
 $1,308 
  142%
Software and royalty revenue increased 7%78% or approximately $86,000$383,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017. 2019.This increase is attributable to higher identification project related revenue of approximately $193,000 and higher$539,000, offset by lower law enforcement project related revenue of approximately $76,000, offset by$11,000, lower royalty revenue of approximately $116,000 and lower sales of boxed identity management software sold through our distribution channel of approximately $18,000 and lower royalty revenue of approximately $165,000$29,000. The increase in identification project related revenue and law enforcement project revenue is reflective of the expansion of the Company’s identity management software base combined with the sale of additional software licenses sold into existing identification projects caused by increased end-user utilization.utilization during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The decrease in our law enforcement project revenue resulted from a decrease in the timing of procurement by our law enforcement customers. The decrease in boxed identity management software sold through our distribution channel reflects slightly lower procurement from two of our channel partnersboth domestic and international customers and the decrease in royalty revenue results primarily from lower reported usage from certain customers.reflects the expiration of a minimum royalty contract.
 
Revenue from the sale of hardware and consumables increased 41% ordecreased approximately $39,000$12,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 20172019 due to an increasea decrease in project related solutions containing hardware. and consumable sales primarily to law enforcement customers.
  
Services revenue is comprised primarily of software integration services, system installation services and customer training. Such revenue increased 8% or approximately $22,000$937,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017,2019, due to an increase in the service element of project related work completed during the year ended December 31, 2018.2020.
 
We believe that the period-to-period fluctuations of identity management software revenue in project-oriented solutions are largely due to the timing of government procurement with respect to the various programs we are pursuing. Although no assurances can be given, based on management’s current visibility into the timing of potential government procurements and potential partnerships and current pilot programs, we believe that we will see an increase in government procurement and implementations with respect to identity management initiatives during 2019;initiatives; however, government procurement initiatives, implementations and pilots are frequently delayed and extended as was the case in the year ended December 31, 2018, and we cannot predict the timing of such initiatives.
 
As discussed more fully elsewhere in this Annual Report, the full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact our ability to close sales transactions and on capital and financial markets and any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others.
-30-
During the twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2018,2020, we continuedhave focused on strategically updating our effortsproducts with the latest mobile and cloud technology prioritized by market opportunities. We relaunched ImageWare Authenticate (formerly GoVerify ID®) in July 2020. This relaunch includes a new container and microservices-based architecture along with refreshed mobile and desktop clients. We believe these updates will result in additional customers implementing our ImageWare Authenticate solution. Additionally, we have focused on the integration of the suite of products that comprise our Identity Platform. Throughout 2021 we plan to move the Biometric Engine intocontinue to enhance our Identity Platform products, including our EPI (our biometric smart access cards) and law enforcement offerings by leveraging cloud and mobile markets,technologies to improve both functionality and expandvalue to the customer. Management believes that these initiatives will result in the expansion of our end-user marketsolutions into non-governmentboth law enforcement and non-governmental sectors including commercial, consumer and healthcare applications. Our approach to the markets we serve is to partner with larger integrators as resellers who have both the infrastructure and resources to sell into the worldwide market. We rely upon these partners for guidance as to when they expect revenue for our products to begin to ramp. During the year ended December 31, 2018 we saw additional customers implement GoVerify ID®, our cloud based mobile biometric authentication software as a service. Management believes thatapplications, further resulting in additional implementations will occur throughout 2019 resulting in increased identities under management, although no assurances can be given.of both our ImageWare Authenticate products and Identity Platform products.
 
 Maintenance Revenue
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 

Maintenance Revenue
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total maintenance revenue
 $2,643 
 $2,679 
 $(36)
  (1)%
 $2,554 
 $2,583 
 $(29)
  (1)%
 
Maintenance revenue was approximately $2,643,000$2,554,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, as compared to approximately $2,679,000$2,583,000 for the corresponding periods in 2017.2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, identity management maintenance revenue was approximately $1,344,000$1,264,000 as compared to $1,311,000$1,275,000 for the comparable period in 2017.2019. The increasedecrease of $11,000   in identity managementidentification software maintenance revenue of approximately $33,000 reflects the expansion of our installed base. Law enforcement maintenance revenue was approximately $1,299,000 for the twelve monthsyear ended December 201831, 2020 as compared to $1,368,000 for the comparablecorresponding period in 2017. This decrease of approximately $69,0002019 is primarily due toreflective of the expiration of certain maintenance contracts combined with the timing of the commencement of maintenance services related to a certain customer. The decrease of $18,000 in law enforcement maintenance revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period of 2019 is reflective of the expiration of certain maintenance contracts.
 
We anticipate growth of our maintenance revenue through the retention of existing customers combined with the continued expansion of our installed base resulting from the completion of project-oriented work; however, we cannot predict the timing of this anticipated growth, if ever.growth.
 
-30-
Cost of Product Revenue
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
Cost of Product Revenue:
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and royalties
 $11 
 $39 
 $(28)
  (72)%
 $54 
 $36 
 $18 
  50%
Percentage of software and royalty product revenue
  1%
  3%
    
  6%
  7%
    
Hardware and consumables
 $92 
 $64 
 $28 
  44%
 $52 
 $66 
 $(14)
  (21)%
Percentage of hardware and consumables product revenue
  69%
  68%
    
  62%
  69%
    
Services
 $102 
 $49 
 $53 
  108%
 $694 
 $116 
 $578 
  498%
Percentage of services product revenue
  35%
  18%
    
  54%
  34%
    
Total product cost of revenue
 $205 
 $152 
 $53 
  (35)%
 $800 
 $218 
 $582 
  267%
Percentage of total product revenue
  12%
  9%
    
  36%
  24%
    
 
The cost of software and royalty product revenue decreasedincreased approximately $28,000 during$18,000 from higher software and royalty revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared2020 of approximately $383,000 due to a significant percentage of the corresponding periodrevenue increase containing solutions with extremely minimal third-party software costs.In addition to changes in 2017. This decrease, despite highercosts of software and royalty product revenue caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of approximately $86,000, is due primarilyproducts can vary as a percentage of product revenue from period to the 2018 period containing significantdepending upon level of software customization and third-party software license revenue with no associated customization costs.content included in product sales during a given period
-31-
 
The cost of product revenue for our hardware and consumable sales during the year ended December 31, 2018 increased2020 decreased approximately $28,000$14,000 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017, 2019due primarily to higherlower hardware and consumable product revenue of approximately$39,000 $12,000 during the 2018 period.2020 period.
 
CostThe cost of services revenue increased approximately$53,000 $578,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017. This increase reflects2019 due to higher service revenue of approximately $22,000combined with$937,000. Cost of services revenue as a percentage of service revenue increased to 54% for the incurrenceyear ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 34% for the corresponding 2019 period. This increase reflects the one-time impact of certain non-recoverable projectadditional service costs incurred due to implementation difficulties combined with the composition of labor resources utilized in the completion of the service element.In addition to for a particular customer. Although changes in costs of services product revenue are sometimes caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of services can also vary as a percentage of service revenue from period to period depending upon both the level and complexity of professional service resources utilized in the completion of the service element.
   
Cost of Maintenance Revenue
 
Maintenance cost of revenue
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
 
 2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
Total maintenance cost of revenue
 $671 
 $839 
 $(168)
  (20)%
 $448 
 $425 
 $23 
  5
Percentage of total maintenance revenue
  25%
  31%
    
  18%
  16%
    
 
Cost of maintenance revenue decreasedincreased approximately $168,000$23,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017, resulting principally from2019 despite lower maintenance revenue of approximately $29,000. This increase is reflective of higher maintenance labor costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 20172019 due primarily to the composition of engineering resources used in the provision of maintenance services and reductions in headcount in our customer support department.services.
 
Product Gross Profit 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product gross profit
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and royalties
 $1,323 
 $1,209 
 $114 
  9%
Percentage of software and royalty product revenue
  99%
  97%
    
    
Hardware and consumables
 $41 
 $30 
 $11 
  37%
Percentage of hardware and consumables product revenue
  31%
  32%
    
    
Services
 $192 
 $223 
 $(31)
  (14)%
Percentage of services product revenue
  65%
  82%
    
    
Total product gross profit
 $1,556 
 $1,462 
 $94 
  6%
Percentage of total product revenue
  88%
  91%
    
    
-31-
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product gross profit
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and royalties
 $818 
 $453 
 $365 
  81%
Percentage of software and royalty product revenue
  94%
  93%
    
    
Hardware and consumables
 $32 
 $30 
 $2 
  7%
Percentage of hardware and consumables product revenue
  38%
  31%
    
    
Services
 $581 
 $222 
 $359 
  162%
Percentage of services product revenue
  46%
  66%
    
    
Total product gross profit
 $1,431 
 $705 
 $726 
  103%
Percentage of total product revenue
  64%
  76%
    
    
  
Software and royalty gross profit increased 9%81% or approximately $114,000$365,000 for the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017,2019, due primarily to higher software and royalty revenue of approximately $86,000$383,000 combined with lowerhigher software and royalty cost of revenue of approximately $28,000$18,000 for the same periodperiod. This. This relationship is reflective revenue increase with only a minimal increase in software and royalty cost of approximately $694,000revenue in license revenue withreflects extremely low costs for the 2018 year.third-party software costs. In addition to changes in costs of software and royalty product revenue caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of products can vary as a percentage of product revenue from period to period depending upon level of software customization and third-party software license content included in product sales during a given period.
 
-32-
Hardware and consumables gross profit increased approximately $11,000$2,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, as compared to the 2017 period.This increase resulted from higher sales of2019 period, due primarily to lower hardware and consumables in project solutionsconsumable revenue of approximately$39,000 $12,000 combined with corresponding higherlower cost of hardware and consumables productconsumable revenue of$28,000 approximately $14,000. These decreases result from a decrease in project related solutions containing hardware and consumable components.
Services gross profit increased approximately $359,000 for the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017.
Services gross profit decreased2019 due to higher service revenue of approximately $94,000 during$937,000 combined with higher service cost of revenue of $578,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018,2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017, with such2019. The decrease primarily resultingin services gross profit as a percentage of services revenue fromhigher service revenue of approximately $22,000offsetby higher cost of service revenue of approximately $53,000for 66% in the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared2019 to 46% in the corresponding period in 2017.  These higher costs reflectof 2020 reflects the incurrenceone-time impact of certain non-recoverable projectadditional service costs incurred duein the completion of the service element for a particular customer. Although changes in costs of services product revenue are sometimes caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of services can also vary as a percentage of service revenue from period to implementation difficulties combined with a higher compositionperiod depending upon both the level and complexity of more expensive labor resources.professional service resources utilized in the completion of the service element.
  
Maintenance Gross Profit 
Maintenance gross profit
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
 
 2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
Total maintenance gross profit
 $1,972 
 $1,840 
 $132 
  7%
 $2,106 
 $2,158 
 $(52)
  (2)%
Percentage of total maintenance revenue
  75%
  69%
    
  82%
  84%
    
 
Gross profit related to maintenance revenue increased 7%decreased 2% or approximately $132,000$52,000 for the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017.2019. This increase results fromdecrease reflects lower maintenance revenue of approximately $36,000 due to the expiration of certain Law Enforcement maintenance contracts offset by lower$29,000 combined with higher cost of maintenance revenue of approximately $168,000 due$23,000. The decrease in maintenance revenue results from the timing of maintenance revenue recognition related to headcount reductions in oura certain customer service department combined with lowerthe expiration of certain maintenance labor costs incurred duringcontracts. The increase cost of maintenance revenues for the sameyear ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 is due primarily to the composition of engineering resources used in the provision of maintenance services. The decrease in maintenance revenue results from the timing of maintenance revenue recognition related to a certain contract. Maintenance gross profit can change from period to period depending upon both the level and complexity of engineering resources utilized in the provision of the maintenance services. 
 
Operating Expense  
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
Operating expense
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
$ Change
 
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
 $4,285
 $3,723
 $562 
  15%
 $4,102 
 $3,614 
 $488 
  14%
Percentage of total net revenue
 97%
  87%
    
  86%
  103%
    
Sales and marketing
 $3,571 
 $2,816 
 $755 
  27%
 $2,936 
 $3,937 
 $(1,001)
  (25)%
Percentage of total net revenue
  81%
  66%
    
  61%
  112%
    
Research and development
 $7,351 
 $6,324 
 $1,027 
  16%
 $5,706 
 $7,488 
 $(1,782)
  (24)%
Percentage of total net revenue
  167%
  147%
    
  119%
  214%
    
Depreciation and amortization
 $51 
 $68 
 $(17)
  (25)%
 $72 
 $71 
 $1 
  1%
Percentage of total net revenue
  1%
  2%
    
  2%
    
-33-
 
General and Administrative Expense
 
General and administrative expense is comprised primarily of salaries and other employee-related costs for executive, financial, and other infrastructure personnel. General legal, accounting and consulting services, insurance, occupancy and communication costs are also included with general and administrative expense.
  
-32-
The dollar increase of approximately $562,000$488,000 in general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 20172019 is comprised of the following major components:
 
DecreaseOverall decrease in personnel related expense of approximately $49,000;$55,000 is due to reductions in employer contributions to employee benefit plans of approximately $230,000 offset by higher personnel expenses of approximately $175,000 due to the effects of various senior management changes;
 
Increases in professional services of approximately $538,000,$252,000 which includes higher legal fees of approximately $197,000, higher patent-related  legal and other fees of approximately $155,000 resulting from the Company’s efforts to monetize certain patents, higher contractor and contract service expenses of approximately $23,000 and higher general corporate expense of $16,000 offset by reductions in Board of Director fees of approximately $132,000 due primarily to additional members, higher patent-related fees of approximately $29,000, higher auditing fees of approximately $304,000, higher general corporate expense of approximately $10,000, higher$6,000, lower investor and public relations fees of approximately $39,000$106,000 and higher legallower audit fees of approximately $24,000;$27,000,
 
Increase in travel, insurances, licenses, dues, rent, and office related costs and other of approximately $199,000;$21,000;
 
DecreaseIncrease in financing related expense of approximately $131,000;$66,000; and
 
Increase in stock-based compensation expense related to options and restricted stock units ("RSU’s") of approximately $5,000.$204,000.
 
We continue to focus our efforts on achieving additional future operating efficiencies by reviewing and improving upon existing business processes and evaluating our cost structure. We believe these efforts will allow us to continue to gradually decrease our level of general and administrative expense expressed as a percentage of total revenue.
 
Sales and Marketing Expense
 
Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of the salaries, commissions, other incentive compensation, employee benefits and travel expense of our sales, marketing, and business development.development personnel.
 
The dollar increase in sales and marketing expensedecrease of approximately $755,000$1,001,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017,2019 is primarily comprised of the following major components:
 
IncreaseDecrease in personnel related expense of approximately $689,000$369,000 driven primarily by headcount increases;reductions;
 
IncreaseDecrease in contractor and contract services of approximately $88,000$388,000 resulting from decreasedlower contract service expense of approximately $303,000 which includes lower dues and subscription expense, and reduced utilization of certain sales consultants of approximately $171,000 offset by increased marketing dues and subscription expense and contract services of approximately $259,000$85,000.;;
 
Decrease in travel, trade show expense and office related expense of approximately $5,000;$257,000;
 
Decrease in stock-based compensation expense of approximately $4,000;$45,000; and
 
DecreaseIncrease in our Mexico sales office expense and other of approximately $13,000.$58,000 due to certain personnel separation expenses.
  
We anticipate that the level
-34-
 
Research and Development Expense
 
Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries, employee benefits and outside contractors for new product development, product enhancements, custom integration work and related facility costs.
 
Research and development expense increaseddecreased approximately $1,027,000$1,782,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, as compared to the corresponding period in 2017,2019, due primarily to the following major components:
 
IncreaseDecrease in personnel related expense of approximately $552,000$1,092,000 due to headcount increases;reductions;
 
IncreaseDecrease in contractor fees and contract services of approximately $350,000 for services related to the accelerated development of mobile identity management applications;$537,000;
 
Decrease in stock-based compensation of approximately$3,000; and
Increase in rent, office related expense and engineering tools and supplies of approximately $128,000.$128,000; and
 
-33-Decrease in stock based-compensation expense of approximately $25,000.
Our level of expenditures in research and development reflects our belief that to maintain our competitive position in markets characterized by rapid rates of technological advancement, we must continue to invest significant resources in new systems and software as well as continue to enhance existing products.
 
Depreciation and Amortization
 
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, depreciation and amortization expense decreasedincreased approximately $17,000$1,000 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017.2019. The relatively small amount of depreciation and amortization reflects the relatively small property and equipment carrying value. The decrease is reflective of the full depreciation of certain fixed assets.
 
Interest Expense (Income), Net
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, we recognized interest income of $78,000$2,000 and interest expense of $541,000. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized interest income of $43,000 and interest expense of $634,000.
$104,000. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 contains the following components:
Approximately $8,0002020 was comprised of amortization expense of deferred financing fees related to the Lines of Credit;
Approximately $162,000 of amortization expense of recognized beneficial conversion feature related to the Lines of Credit borrowings; and
Approximately $371,000 related to coupon interestapproximately $94,000 on our 8% Line of Credit borrowings.
Interest expense forrelated party notes payable and approximately $10,000 on notes payable under the year ended December 31, 2017 contains the following components:
Approximately $11,000 of amortization expense of deferred financing fees related to the Lines of Credit;
Approximately $198,000 of amortization expense of recognized beneficial conversion feature related to the Lines of Credit borrowings; and
Approximately $425,000 related to coupon interest on our 8% Line of Credit borrowings.
Other Income
PPP Loan program. For the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, we recognized otherinterest income of approximately $4,000$90,000 and otherinterest expense of $0.
Other income for the year ended December 31, 2018 is comprised of approximately$4,000from miscellaneous receipts.Expense
 
For the year ended December 31, 2017,2020, we recognized other income of approximately $125,000$0 and other expense of $0.approximately $4,000. Other incomeexpense for the year ended December 31, 20172020 is comprised of approximately $75,0004,000 in late payment penalty fees.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized other income of approximately $0 fromand other expense of $1,000. Other expense for the write offyear ended December 31, 2019 is comprised of certain accruedapproximately$1,000 in foreign transaction expense due the expiration of the legal statute of limitations on such liabilities. Other income also includes $50,000 from the sale of one of the Company’s non-utilized trademarks..
 
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, we recognized approximately $232,000$369,000 from the increasedecrease of derivative liabilities arising from the consummation of the Series C FinancingConvertible Preferred Stock financing in September 2018.2019 (“Series C Financing”). Such increasedecrease was determined by management using fair value methodologies and is included as an expensenon-cash income under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in our consolidated statement of operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2018.2020. Also for the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized approximately $1,883,000 from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities arising from the Series D Financing. Such decrease was determined by management using fair value methodologies and is included as non-cash income under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in our consolidated statement of operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized approximately $696,000 from the decrease of derivative liabilities arising from the consummation of the Series C Financing in September 2019. Such decrease was determined by management using fair value methodologies and is included as non-cash income under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in our consolidated statement of operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2019.
 
 
 
-34--35-
 
Income Tax Expense
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a net expense of approximately $11,000 from income taxes, as compared to a benefit of $124,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
During the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, we recorded an expense for income taxes of $11,000$7,000 and a$10,000, respectively. These tax benefit of $124,000, respectively. The tax benefit reflects the reversal of a prior year accrual related to foreign taxes which expired due to the expiration of the statute of limitation on this foreign tax liability. The 2018 tax expense relatesexpenses relate to taxes on income generated in certain foreign jurisdictions offset by research and development tax credits generated in certain foreign jurisdictions.
 
We have incurred consolidated pre-tax losses during the years ended December 31, 2018,2020, and 2017,2019, and have incurred operating losses in all prior periods. Management has determined that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit from such losses will not be realized.realized and has established a full valuation allowance for any tax benefits. Accordingly, we did not record a benefit for income taxes for these periods.
 
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
 
Historically, our principal sources of cash have included customer payments from the sale of our products, proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock and proceeds from the issuance of debt, including our Lines of Credit (defined below).debt. Our principal uses of cash have included cash used in operations, product development, and payments relating to purchases of property and equipment. We expect that our principal uses of cash in the future will be for product development, including customization of identity management products for enterprise and consumer applications, further development of intellectual property, development of SaaS capabilities for existing products as well as general working capital and capital expenditure requirements.capital. Management expects that, as our revenue grows, our sales and marketing and research and development expense will continue to grow, albeit at a slower rate and, as a result, we will need to generate significant net revenue to achieve and sustain income from operations.
 
Series A FinancingLincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC
 
On September 18, 2017, the Company offered and sold a total of 11,000 shares of Series A Preferred at a purchase price of $1,000 per share (the “Series A Financing”). As a result of the Series A Financing, the Company generated net proceeds of approximately $10.9 million.
In addition, on September 18, 2017,April 28, 2020, the Company entered into exchange agreementsa purchase agreement, and as amended on June 11, 2020 (the “Lincoln Purchase Agreement”), and a registration rights agreement (the “Lincoln Registration Rights Agreement”) with holdersLincoln Park Capital fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) pursuant to which Lincoln Park committed to purchase up to $10,250,000 of all outstandingour Common Stock.
Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, including stockholder approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, Series F Convertible Preferred Stockcapital stock to 350 million shares, obtained from our shareholders effective June 9, 2020, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Exchanged Preferred”), pursuantLincoln Park is obligated to which holderspurchase up to $10,250,000 of the Exchanged Preferred agreed to cancel their respective shares of Exchanged Preferred in exchange for sharesCommon Stock. Future sales of Series A Preferred (the “PreferredCommon Stock Exchange”), resultingunder the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at our sole discretion, over the 24-month period commencing on July 8, 2020, and the other conditions set forth in the issuance toPurchase Agreement are satisfied (such date on which all of such conditions are satisfied, the holders of Exchanged Preferred of an aggregate total of 20,021 shares of Series A Preferred.
Series C Financing
On September 10, 2018,“Commencement Date”). During the Company offered and sold a total of 890 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share, and on September 21, 2018,year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an additional 110aggregate of 5,700,000 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase priceCommon Stock to Lincoln Park under the terms of $10,000 per share. The total netthe Lincoln Purchase Agreement resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company wereof approximately $8,789,000, after deducting insurance costs incurred in conjunction with the Series C Financing.$918,000.
 
LinesAfter the Commencement Date, on any business day over the term of Creditthe Lincoln Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 125,000 shares of its Common Stock on such business day (the “Regular Purchase”), subject to increases under certain circumstances as provided in the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of Common Stock for each such Regular Purchase will be based on prevailing market prices of the Company’s Common Stock immediately preceding the time of sale as computed under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. In each case, Lincoln Park’s maximum commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $500,000. In addition to Regular Purchases, provided that the Company presents Lincoln Park with a Lincoln Park Purchase Notice for the full amount allowed for a Regular Purchase, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to make accelerated purchases and additional accelerated purchases as described in the Lincoln Purchase Agreement.
 
Lines of credit consistPursuant to the terms of the following:
($ in thousands)
December 31,
2018
  December 31,
2017
Lines of Credit with Related Parties
8% convertible lines of credit. Face value of advances under lines of credit $0 at December 31, 2018 and $6,000 at December 31, 2017. Discount on advances under lines of credit is $0 at December 31, 2018 and $226 at December 31, 2017. Maturity date was December 31, 2018; however, the lines of credit were terminated on September 10, 2018, as more thoroughly discussed below.
$
$5,774
Total lines of credit to related parties
5,774
Less current portion
(5,774)
Long-term lines of credit to related parties
$
$
Lincoln Purchase Agreement, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Lincoln Park shares of Common Stock under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in the beneficial ownership by Lincoln Park and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).
 
The Lincoln Purchase Agreement and the Lincoln Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time, at no cost or penalty. The Company issued to Lincoln Park 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock in consideration for entering into the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to this issuance, $400,000 was recorded by the Company as a deferred stock issuance cost. Such amount is recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet under the caption “Other assets”. Such deferred stock issuance costs will be recognized as a charge against paid in capital in proportion to securities sold under this Lincoln Purchase Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized approximately $36,000, respectively, as a charge against paid in capital relating to securities sold under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement.
 Due to the terms of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement as described above, management is not currently expecting the related proceeds from the Lincoln Purchase Agreement to be sufficient to sustain operations for an extended period of time.
 
 
-35--36-
 
Series D Preferred Stock Financings
On September 10, 2018,November 12, 2020 and December 23, 2020, the Company entered into Exchange Agreements with Neal Goldmanconsummated private placements of 12,060 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series D Preferred"), resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $12.06 million, less fees and Charles Crocker, pursuant to which Messrs. Goldmanexpenses (the “Series D Financing”). The gross proceeds included approximately $2.2 million in principal amount due and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owedpayable under the terms of their respective linescertain term loans issued by the Company on September 29, 2020 (“Bridge Notes”), which Bridge Notes were converted into Series D Preferred at Closing (the “Conversion”). The issuance of creditthe Series D Preferred was made pursuant to securities purchase agreements, dated September 28, 2020 (the "Series D Purchase Agreement"), by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (the "Purchasers"), for an aggregatethe sale of 6,896the Series D Preferred at a purchase price of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred. The holders of Series D Preferred may voluntarily convert their shares of Series A Preferred. As a result of the Debt Exchange, all indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations arising under the respective lines of credit were cancelled and deemed satisfied in full.
The following table sets forth the Company’s activity under its former Lines of Credit for the periods indicated:
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2016
$2,650
     Borrowings under Lines of Credit
3,350
     Repayments
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2017
$6,000
     Borrowings under Lines of Credit
     Exchanges
(6,000)
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2018
$
For a more detailed discussionD Preferred into shares of the Company’s former LinesCommon Stock at any time that is at least ninety days following the issuance date, at the conversion price calculated by dividing the Stated Value by the conversion price of Credit,$0.0583 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustments as set forth in Section 5(e) of the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series D Certificate"). Dividends on shares of Series D Preferred will be paid prior to any junior securities, and are to be paid at the rate of 4% of the Stated Value (as defined in the Series D Certificate) per share per annum in the form of cash or shares of Series D Preferred.
Concurrently with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Investors executed (i) a Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC within thirty days of closing to register the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series D Preferred; (ii) a Series C Exchange Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company and certain holders of the Company’s Series C Preferred agreed to exchange their Series C Preferred, with a liquidation preference of approximately $10.0 million, for Series D Preferred at closing; and (iii) a Term Loan and Security Agreement (“Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which each investor signatory thereto agreed to make a term loan to the Company, secured by all assets of the Company, in an amount equal to 20% of such investor’s purchase commitment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (“Bridge Loan”), which Bridge Loan, plus accrued interest, rolled into, and was used to purchase, Series D Preferred at Closing.
 Bridge Loan
Concurrently with the execution of the Series D Purchase Agreement, the Company and certain investors in the Series D Financing executed the Loan Agreement, pursuant to which each such investor signatory thereto (the "Investors") agreed to the Bridge Loan, secured by all assets of the Company, in an amount equal to 20% of such Investor’s purchase commitment as set forth in the Series D Purchase Agreement, which Bridge Loan, plus accrued interest, rolled into, and was used to purchase, Series D Preferred at Closing. For more information regarding the Series D Purchase Agreement, the Investors, the Loan Agreement, and the Bridge Loan, see Note 5, Related Parties 1, Description of Business and Operations to thesethe consolidated financial statements.statements.
Pursuant to the Bridge Loan, the Company received proceeds of $2,187,000 in September 2020.  The Bridge Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 12% and is due and payable in arrears on the earlier of the Loan Conversion Date, as such term is defined in the Loan Agreement, or six months after the disbursement of the Bridge Loan. All amounts due and payable pursuant to the Bridge Loan are automatically convertible, without further action by the Investors, into shares of Series D Preferred at closing at a purchase price of $1,000 for each share of Series D Preferred. The repayment of all amounts due under the terms of the Loan Agreement are secured by all assets of the Company. On November 12, 2020, contemporaneously with the closing of the Series D Preferred Financing, all amounts due under the Bridge Loan were converted into shares of Series D Preferred Stock.
 
Going Concern and Management’s Plan
 
At December 31, 2018,2020, we had positivenegative working capital of approximately $3,078,000,$19,349,000 as compared to anegative working capital deficit of approximately $415,000$1,653,000 at December 31, 2017. Our principal sources2019.Included in our negative working capital as of liquidity at December 31, 2018 consisted2020 are $24,128,000 of cash andderivative liabilities which are not required to be settled in cash equivalents except in the event of $5,694,000. Our principal sourcesthe consummation of liquiditya Change of Control or at any time after the fourth anniversary of the Series D Preferred issuance, at which time the holders of the Series D Preferred may require the Company to redeem in cash any or all of the holder’s outstanding Series D Preferred at an amount equal to the Series D Liquidation Preference Amount. At December 31, 2017 consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $7,317,000.2020 the Liquidation Preference Amount totaled $22,863,000.
 
ConsideringOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the United States and global economies and may affect the Company's operations and those of third parties on which the Company relies. Additionally, as the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to assess or predict, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial markets may reduce our projectedability to access capital, which could negatively impact the Company's short-term and long-term liquidity. These effects could have a material impact on the Company's liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which the Company relies.
To address our working capital requirements, management has instituted several cost cutting measures and has utilized cash requirements,proceeds from borrowing under the PPP loan, sales of our Common Shares utilizing the Lincoln Park facility and assumingclosing of the Series D Financing to satisfy the Company’s working capital requirements. However, we are unable to generate incremental revenue,believe our available cash maybalances will be insufficient to satisfy our cash requirementsrequirement for the next twelve months from the date of this filing. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. To address our working capital requirements, management mayintends to seek additional equity and/or debt financing through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity securities or may seek strategic or other transactions intended to increase shareholder value. Theresecurities. Other than the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, there are currently no formal committed financing arrangements to support our projected cash shortfall, including commitments to purchase additional debt and/or equity securities, or other agreements, and no assurances can be given that we will be successful in raising additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity securities, or entering into any other transaction that addresses our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
InHowever, in view of the matters described in the preceding paragraph,paragraphs, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which, in turn, is dependent upon the Company’s ability to continue to raise capital and generate positive cash flows from operations. However, theThe Company, however, operates in markets that are emerging and highly competitive. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional capital, operate at a profit or generate positive cash flows in the future. Therefore, management’s plans do not alleviate the substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
 
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
 
Operating Activities
 
Net cash used in operating activities was $10,310,000approximately $8,009,000 during the year ended December 31, 20182020 as compared to $8,703,000$11,267,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017.2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, net cash used in operating activities consisted of net loss of $12,550,000$7,253,000 and an increase in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $489,000.$438,000. Those amounts in addition to approximately $1,194,000 of non-cash income, including $2,252,000 in income from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities offset by $862,000 in stock-based compensation, $72,000 in depreciation and amortization and $124,000 from the application of rent deposits. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we generated cash of $690,000 from decreases in current assets offset by $20,000 from increases in our operating leases right-of-use assets and used cash of $410,000 through decreases in current liabilities and deferred revenue offset by increases of $178,000 in pension liability.
Net cash used in operating activities was $11,267,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to $10,310,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities consisted of net loss of $11,581,000 and an increase in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $287,000. Those amounts were offset by approximately $1,751,000$723,000 of non-cash costs including $1,298,000and $696,000 in non-cash income. Non-cash costs were $652,000 in stock-based compensation $170,000 in debt issuance cost amortization and beneficial conversion feature amortization, $51,000$71,000 in depreciation and amortization, and $232,000amortization. Non-cash income consisted of $696,000 in the change in fair value of derivative liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, we used cash of $593,000$209,000 from increases in current assets offset by $168,000 from decreases in our operating leases right-of-use assets and generated cash of $1,081,000$357,000 through increases in current liabilities and deferred revenue excluding debt.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, net cash used in operating activities consisted of net loss of $10,069,000 and an increase in operating cash from changes in assets and liabilities of $195,000. We also incurred $1,171,000 in net non-cash costs including $1,151,000 in stock based compensation, $209,000 in debt issuance cost amortization and debt discount amortization, $15,000 in provision for losses on accounts receivable and $68,000 in depreciation and amortization offset by $272,000 of non-cash income primarily$32,000 used from the write-off of certain accrued expense due to the expiration of the statute of limitations of $222,000 and $50,000 from the sale of one of the Company’s non-utilized trademarks. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we used cash of $282,000 from increasesdecreases in current assets and generated cash of $477,000 through increases in current liabilities and deferred revenue, excluding debt.contract costs.
  
Investing Activities
 
NetThere was no net cash used inor generated from investing activities wasfor $240,000for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $45,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.2020. For the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, we used cash of $240,000$31,000 to fund capital expenditures of leasehold improvements and office furniture.For the year ended December 31, 2017,we used cash of $5,000 to fund capital expenditures of computer equipment, software and furniture and fixtures.This level of fixed asset purchases resulted primarily from the replacement of older items.expenditures.
 
Financing Activities
 
WeCash generated cash of $8,900,000 from financing activities was approximately $15,475,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $14,495,0002020, which consisted of cash of approximately $12,060,000 generated from the sale of 12,060 forshares of Series D Preferred. Such amount includes $2,187,000 received by the Company in the form of a Bridge Loan which was converted into shares of Series D Preferred before recognition of approximately $726,000 in cash direct stock issuance costs. We also generated cash of approximately $900,000 from the issuance of related party notes payable and generated cash of $1,571,000 from the issuance of the PPP Loan under the CARES Act. Also in the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, we generated cash of approximately $162,000$2,360,000 from the exercisesales of 235,852 stock options resulting in the issuance of 235,85215,700,000 shares of Common Stock and generatedbefore recognition of approximately $64,000 in direct stock issuance costs. We used cash of $10,000,000 in gross proceeds from the Series C Financing, offset by $1,211,000 in offering costs. During the year ended December 31, 2018, weapproximately $575,000 to repay certain related party notes payable and used cash of approximately $51,000 for the payment of dividends on our Series B Preferred stock. DuringPreferred.
Cash generated from financing activities was approximately $6,635,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 we2019, which consisted of cash generated cash of $11,000,000 from the Series A Financing, offset by $63,000 in offering costs, generated $3,350,000 from borrowings under the former Lines of Credit and generated approximately $259,000$166,000 from the exercise of 369,004351,334 stock options resulting in the issuance of 369,004351,334 shares of Common Stock. WeStock, and cash generated of $6,520,000 from the sale of 5,954,545 shares of Common Stock, offset by cash used cash of approximately $51,000 for the payment of dividends on our Series B Preferred stock.
Debt
At December 31, 2017, the Companyhad $6,000,000 in outstanding debt and $527,000 in related accrued but unpaid interest. As a result of the Debt Exchange consummated on September 10, 2018, the Lines of Credit and all indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations arising thereunder were terminated, cancelled and deemed satisfied in full. As a result, no future borrowings are available under the Lines of Credit.
Contractual Obligations
Total contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2018 are summarized in the following table (in thousands):
 
 
Payment Due by Year
 
 
 
Total
 
 
Less than 1 Year
 
 
1-3 Years
 
 
3-5 Years
 
 
More than 5 Years
 
Operating lease obligations
 $3,312 
 $480 
 $1,257 
 $1,575 
 $ 
Total
 $3,312 
 $480 
 $1,257 
 $1,575 
 $ 
Stock.
    
Real Property Leases
 
Our corporate headquarters areis located in San Diego, California, where we now occupy 8,511approximately 500 square feet of office space at a cost of approximately $30,000$2,000 per month. We entered into this facility’s lease was in July 2018February 2021 and this new lease commenced on NovemberMarch 1, 20182021 and terminatesis on April 30, 2025.a month-to-month basis. In addition to our corporate headquarters, we also occupied the following spaces at December 31, 2018:
2020:
 
1,508 square feet in Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, at a cost of approximately $3,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on March 31, 2021;2021. The Company extended this lease for a 30-day period and is currently evaluating alternative premises which the Company believes are readily available;
 
9,720 square feet in Portland, Oregon, at a cost of approximately $22,000$23,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on February 28, 2023; and
 
183 square feet of office space in Mexico City, Mexico, at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month   until September 30, 2019.2021.
 
Prior to entering into the newour current lease agreement in July 2018January 2021 and moving our corporate headquarters to a new location, we occupied 9,9278,511 square feet of office space in San Diego, at a cost of approximately $30,000 per month. In January 2021, we entered in a subleasing agreement for our previously occupied corporate headquarters located in San Diego, California. The term of the sublease commences on April 1, 2021 and expires on April 20, 2025 coterminous with the expiration of the Company's master lease. Sublease payments due the Company approximate $26,000 per month over the term of the sublease.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
Stock-based compensation related to equity options and restricted stock has been classified as follows in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Cost of revenue
 $19 
 $15 
 $13 
General and administrative
  840 
  655 
  550 
  347 
Sales and marketing
  216 
  220 
  163 
  148 
Research and development
  197 
  200 
  134 
  135 
    
    
Total
 $1,272 
 $1,094 
 $862 
 $643 
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
At December 31, 2018,2020, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, special purpose or variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we did not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. As a result, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships. We do not have relationships and transactions with persons or entities that derive benefits from their non-independent relationship with us or our related parties except as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), or other standard setting bodies, which are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company’s management believes the impact of recently issued standards not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption. See Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
 
Impact of Inflation
 
The primary inflationary factor affecting our operations is labor costs, and we do not believe that inflation has materially affected earnings during the past four years. Substantial increases in costs and expense, particularly labor and operating expense, could have a significant impact on our operating results to the extent that such increases cannot be passed along to customers and end users.
 
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVEQUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVEQUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Our business extends to countries outside the United States, and we intend to continue to expand our foreign operations. As a result, our revenue and results of operations are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates, and other uncertainties inherent in doing business in more than one currency. In addition, our operations are exposed to risks that are associated with changes in social, political, and economic conditions in the foreign countries in which we operate, including changes in the laws and policies that govern foreign investment, as well as, to a lesser extent, changes in United States laws and regulations relating to foreign trade and investment.
 
We had approximately $88,000$23,000 and $76,000$104,000 in revenue from sources outside the United States for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. We made payments in foreign currencies to fund our foreign operations of approximately $1,009,000$1,015,000 and $889,000$983,000 for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. Changes in currency exchange rates affect the relative prices at which we sell our products and purchase goods and services. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate the effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing, results of operations, or financial condition. We do not use foreign currency exchange contracts or derivative financial instruments for hedging or speculative purposes. To the extent foreign sales become a more significant part of our business in the future, we may seek to implement strategies which make use of these or other instruments in order to minimize the effects of foreign currency exchange on our business.
 
 
 
-38--40-
 
ITEM 8.
FINANCIALFINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm are included in Item 15 of this Annual Report.
 
ITEM 9.CHANGES
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
None.
 
ITEM 9A.
CCONTROLSONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our Management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15I and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of December 31, 2018.2020. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.  In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework.
 
(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
 
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.2020. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2018,2020 our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C., our independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which report is included in Part IV below.
 
(c) Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.
 
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have determined that there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report identified in connection with the evaluation described in the above paragraph that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
ITEM 9B.
OOTHERTHER INFORMATION
 
Not applicable.
-39-
PART III
ITEM 10.                        
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Board of Directors and executive officers currently consist of the persons named in the table below. Each director serves for a one-year term, until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until earlier resignation or removal. Our bylaws provide that the number of directors shall not be less than four, but no more than ten. The directors and executive officers are as follows:
NameAgePrincipal Occupation/Position Held With the Company
Mr. S. James Miller, Jr.65Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Mr. Wayne Wetherell66Senior Vice President of Administration, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer
Mr. David Harding49Senior Vice President, Chief Technical Officer
Mr. David Somerville58Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing
Mr. David Carey74Director
Mr. Guy Steve Hamm71Director
Mr. David Loesch74Director
Mr. John Cronin64Director
Mr. Neal Goldman74Director
Mr. Dana W. Kammersgard63Director
Mr. Charles Frischer52Director
Mr. Robert T. Clutterbuck68Director
S. James Miller, Jr. has served as our Chief Executive Officer since 1990 and Chairman of the Board since 1996. He also served as our President from 1990 until 2003. From 1980 to 1990, Mr. Miller was an executive with Oak Industries, Inc., a manufacturer of components for the telecommunications industry. While at Oak Industries, Mr. Miller served as a director and as Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Chairman/President of Oak Industries’ Pacific Rim subsidiaries. He has a J.D. from the University of San Diego School of Law and a B.A. from the University of California, San Diego.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Miller possesses substantial managerial expertise leading the Company through its various stages of development and growth, beginning in 1990 when Mr. Miller joined the Company as President and Chief Executive Officer, and that such expertise is extremely valuable to the Board of Directors and the Company as it executes its business plan. In addition, the Board of Directors values the input provided by Mr. Miller given his legal experience.
Wayne Wetherell has served as our Senior Vice President, Administration and Chief Financial Officer since August 1996 and additionally as our Secretary and Treasurer since October 2005. From 1996 to May 2001, he served as Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Wetherell was the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Bilstein Corporation of America, a manufacturer and distributor of automotive parts. From 1980 to 1990 Mr. Wetherell served in various financial roles culminating as Director of Financial Planning and Analysis for Oak Industries, Inc., a manufacturer of components for the telecommunications industry traded on the NYSE. Mr. Wetherell holds a B.S. degree in Management and a M.S. degree in Finance from San Diego State University.
David Hardinghas served as our Sr. Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since January 2006. Mr. Harding has more than 25 years of technology implementation and management experience, is responsible for strategic design, technology infrastructure and core strategy from concept through delivery. Before joining us, Mr. Harding was the Chief Technology Officer at IC Solutions, Inc., where he was responsible for all technology departments including the development and management of software development, IT and quality assurance, as well as their respective hardware, software and human resource budgets from 2001 to 2003. He was the Chief Technology Officer at Thirsty.com from 1999 to 2000, the Chief Technology Officer at Fulcrum Point Technologies, Inc., from 1996 to 1999, and consultant to Access360, which is now part of IBM/Tivoli, from 1995 to 1996.
-40-
David Somervillehas served as our Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing since January 2018. Mr. Somerville has spent over 20 years working in executive, consulting, and advisory board positions for public and private companies, supporting the world’s major service providers, enterprises, and government agencies. Mr. Somerville leads our Sales and Marketing efforts and is responsible for bringing our industry leading, patented biometric platforms to mobile and desktop users around the globe via strategic partnerships and direct sales. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Somerville held senior executive sales and business development positions at leading companies in the cybersecurity industry, including Norse Networks Inc. from January 2017 to January 2018, Fortscale Inc. from March 2016 to January 2017, Norse Corporation Inc. from September 2014 to February 2016, Cloudmark Inc. (now Proofpoint Inc.) from 2005 to March 2014, and Network Equipment Technologies, where he has consistently achieved global market leadership positions in the service provider, enterprise, and government markets. From April 2014 to September 2014, he served as the Principal at David Somerville Consulting. Mr. Somerville holds a Bachelor of Science degree in communications and electronic engineering with a minor in business studies from Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland.
David Carey was appointed to the Board in February 2006. Mr. Carey is a former Executive Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Mr. Carey briefly served on the Board of Cybergy, Inc., a public company, resigning in October 2015 and currently is the Chairman of Proxy Boards for Leonard DRS Technologies and OnPoint Consulting. In addition, he is a member of the Proxy Board for Informatica Federal Operations, Corp. Mr. Carey also serves on a number of Advisory Boards. In addition, Mr. Carey worked for the CIA for 32 years until 2001. During his career at the CIA, Mr. Carey held several senior positions including that of Executive Director, often referred to as the Chief Operating Officer, or No. 3 person in the agency. Mr. Carey is a graduate of Cornell University and the University of Delaware.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Carey’s experience as a former Executive Director of the CIA, his experience dealing with IT security matters, and the extensive contacts gained over his career working within the intelligence and security community, provide the Board with specialized expertise that assists the Company in the specific industries in which it operates.
Guy Steve Hamm was appointed to the Board in October 2004. Mr. Hamm served as CFO of Aspen Holding, a privately held insurance provider, from December 2005 to February 2007. In 2003, Mr. Hamm retired from PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he was a national partner-in-charge of middle market. Mr. Hamm was instrumental in growing the Audit Business Advisory Services (“ABAS”) Middle Market practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he was responsible for $300 million in revenue and more than 100 partners. Mr. Hamm is a graduate of San Diego State University.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Hamm’s experience in public accounting, together with his management experience as a Chief Financial Officer, provide the Audit Committee of the Board with the expertise needed to oversee the Company’s finance and accounting professionals, and the Company’s independent public accountants.
David Loesch was appointed to the Board in September 2001 after 29 years of service as a Special Agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigations (“FBI”). At the time of his retirement from the FBI, Mr. Loesch was the Assistant Director in Charge of the Criminal Justice Information Services Division of the FBI. Mr. Loesch was awarded the Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Executive in 1998 and has served on the board of directors of the Special Agents Mutual Benefit Association since 1996. He is also a member of the International Association of Chiefs of Police and the Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI, Inc. In 1999, Mr. Loesch was appointed by former Attorney General Janet Reno to serve as one of 15 original members of the Compact Council, an organization charged with promulgating rules and procedures governing the use and exchange of criminal history records for non-criminal justice use. Mr. Loesch served in the United States Army as an Officer with the101st Airborne Division in Vietnam. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Canisius College and a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice from George Washington University. Mr. Loesch continues to work as a private consultant on criminal justice information sharing and the use of biometrics to help identify criminals and individuals of special concern.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Loesch’s extensive service as a Special Agent with the FBI, together with his knowledge of security issues relevant to the Company’s products and markets, provides the Company and the Board of Directors with relevant input regarding the industries in which the Company competes, and the markets served by the Company. 
 
 
 
-41-
 
John CroninPA was appointedRT III
ITEM 10. 
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The following sets forth certain information regarding each of our directors and executive officers.
NameAgeTitle/Position Held with the Company
Kristin Taylor53President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Jay B. Lewis62Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
James M. Demitrieus72Director
Douglas Morgan68Director
Lauren C. Anderson63Director 
There are no familial relationships between any of the Company’s executive officers and directors listed above.

The following biographical information regarding the foregoing directors and officers of the Company following the Board Restructuring is presented below:
Kristin Taylor, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Ms. Taylor serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer since her appointment in March 2020 and as a member of our Board since May 2020, and is a seasoned innovative technology executive with over 20 years of experience in leading organizational modernization and developing go-to-market strategies. She formerly served as Principal of Veritas Lux since November 2019 and principal of Kristin Taylor Consulting since 2012, in which she developed a proprietary algorithmic methodology to weigh and rank the most influential global technical analysts. From 2017 to 2019, Ms. Taylor served as Global Vice President of Worldwide Analyst Relations at IBM and led the efforts to modernize and transform IBM's analyst relations organization to drive revenue, not just influence. From 2013 to 2017, she served as Vice President, Global Analyst and Public Relations at MediaTek, the third largest fabless semiconductor company in the world with a $30 billion market cap, where she led the buildout of a new global Public and Analyst Relations organization to penetrate the North American, European, Latin American, Russian and Indian markets. Prior to that, she served in various positions of increasing responsibility with Qualcomm from 1998 to 2010 including: Head of Industry Analyst Relations, Senior Director of Business Development, and Director of Information Technology. Ms. Taylor developed and commercialized a highly successful embedded computing module, designed for notebook computers which thrust Qualcomm into the computing sector in 2006 to create hundreds of millions of valuation as they expanded from mobile. Ms. Taylor earned her Bachelor's degree in Sociology and Business Management from the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire.
Jay B. Lewis, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Lewis serves as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since his appointment on January 8, 2021. On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021. Mr. Lewis has over 20 years of experience as a senior financial officer of high growth public companies, and has raised over $300 million of capital including public and private equity, high-yield and other debt and executed over $400 million of M&A transactions.  Mr. Lewis previously served as the Chief Financial Officer of ID Watchdog, Inc. from 2011 until 2017. ID Watchdog provided subscription-based identity theft protection and resolution services to individuals throughout the United States. Prior to the Board in February 2012. Mr. Cronin is currently Managing DirectorAugust 2017 sale to Equifax, Inc. it was a public company traded on the TSX Venture Exchange. As Chief Financial Officer he managed all finance, accounting, public company reporting, investor relations, tax matters and Chairman of ipCapital Group, Inc. (“ipCG”), an intellectual property consulting firm Mr. Cronin founded in 1998. During his time with ipCG, Mr. Cronin created both a unique ipCapital SysI(R) Methodology for consulting,human resources as well as a world-class licensing and transaction process, and worked with over 700 companies, including more than 10% of the Fortune 500.other administrative functions. Prior to forming ipCG, Mr. Cronin spent over 17 years at IBM and became its top inventor with over 100 patents and 150 patent publications. He created and ran the IBM Patent Factory,ID Watchdog, Lewis served in various senior finance roles, including as Chief Financial Officer of Jones Media Networks, Ltd., which was essential in helping IBM become number one in US patents,owned cable television networks and the team that contributed tofourth largest network radio company in the startupUnited States, and successas Vice President of IBM’s licensing program. Additionally,Finance and Treasurer of Jones International, Ltd., a holding company with controlling interests in cable television and other media and technology companies. Mr. Cronin servesLewis is a Certified Public Accountant, an alumnus of EY, a Big-4 public accounting firm, and holds a Bachelor's degree in accounting from the University of Wyoming.
James M. Demitrieus.  Mr. Demitrieus was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors on November 13, 2020. From March 2018 to present, Mr. Demitrieus has served as Managing Director of Jameson Associates, a specialty investment management and financial advisory firm.  Prior to Jameson, he served in multiple positions at Vermont Electric Power Company (“VELCO”), Armor Designs, Inc., Document Security Systems, and Primal Fusion, Inc., and GraphOnEyelock Corporation beginning in 2009, including Chief Executive Officer from 2010 to 2018.  Eyelock Corporation provides iris based biometric solutions to various business verticals.  Prior to Eyelock Corporation, he served in various senior executive roles, including as President of Sherwood Valve, a division of Harsco Corporation, and as a memberChief Executive Officer at Aluma Systems.  Earlier in Mr. Demitrieus’ career, he served in numerous senior accounting and finance roles, including with the public accounting firm of the advisory board for innoPad, Inc. HeArthur Andersen & Co.  Mr. Demitrieus holds a B.S. and a M.S.in electrical engineering, and a B.A. degreeBachelor's in PsychologyBusiness Administration from theAdelphi University of Vermont.in New York.
 
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Cronin’s experience developing and extracting the value from intellectual property, and his experience serving on, and advising, boards of directors, will contribute to deliberations of our Board of Directors, and assist the Company as it capitalizes on the opportunities presented by its portfolio of intellectual property assets.
Neal GoldmanDemitrieus was appointed to the Board in August 2012. Mr. Goldman is currently president, chief compliance officer and a director of Goldman Capital Management, Inc., an employee owned investment advisor that he founded in 1985. Additionally, Mr. Goldman is Chairman of Charles and Colvard, LTD, a specialty jewelry company. Mr. Goldman also servedselected as a member of the Board due to his experience in the field of Directorsbiometrics, as well as his extensive management, finance and Compensation Committee for Blyth, Inc., a New York Stock Exchange-listed designer and marketer of home decorative and fragrance products.
Mr. Goldman isaccounting experience, that management believes will provide the Board with valuable insights regarding monetizing the Company’s largest shareholderproduct offerings and has significant investment experience.  As a result, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Goldman can provide valuable guidance to the Board of Directors as it seeks to build shareholder value.
Dana Kammersgardwas appointed to the Board in May of 2016. Mr. Kammersgard is currently the Executive Vice President, Cloud Systems and Solutions for Seagate Technology, where he is responsible for all storage systems related products and strategies. Prior to joining Seagate Systems in 2015, he served as the President, CEO and a director of Dot Hill System Corp. (“Dot Hill”) since March 2006. He served as President of Dot Hill from August 2004 to March 2006. From August 1999 to August 2004, Mr. Kammersgard served as Dot Hill’s Chief Technical Officer. Mr. Kammersgard was a founder of Artecon, where he served as a director from its inception in 1984 until the company’s merger with Box Hill Systems Corp. in August 1999. At Artecon, Mr. Kammersgard served in various positions, including Secretary and Senior Vice President of Engineering from March 1998 until August 1999, and as Vice President of Sales and Marketing from March 1997 until March 1998. Prior to cofounding Artecon, Mr. Kammersgard was the Director of Software Development at Calma, a division of General Electric Company. Mr. Kammersgard holds a B.A. in chemistry from the University of California, San Diego.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Kammersgard’s engineering and technical experience, coupled with his senior executive management experience with technology companies, is valuable to the Company’s Board of Directors and senior management given the technical issues and marketing challenges facing the Company.
Charles Frischerwas appointed to the Board in September of 2017.Mr. Frischer currently works as self-employed private investor, a role he has occupied since 2009, and serves as General Partner of LF Partners, LLC. Previously, he served as a Principal at Zephyr Management, L.P. from 2005 to 2008. Prior to that, he served as a Senior Vice President at Capri Capital, where he originated commercial loans, from 1995 to 2005, and as General Manager of Ericson Memorial Studios from 1993 to 1994. Mr. Frischer holds a B.A. from Cornell University.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Frischer’s background with capital markets and public companies is valuable to the Company’s Board of Directors and senior management.
Robert T. Clutterbuckwas appointed to the Board as a Series A Director in September of 2017. Mr. Clutterbuck is the Founder, and has served as the Managing Director and Portfolio Manager at Clutterbuck Capital Management LLC, since 2006. Mr. Clutterbuck gained more than 30 years of experience at McDonald & Company Investments, Inc., where he specialized in advising affluent clients, professionals and corporate executives on investment management, financial planning, estate preservation and wealth transfer strategies. During his time at McDonald & Company, Mr. Clutterbuck served as Chairman and Chief Executive Partner of Key Capital Partners, and as Chief Executive Officer of McDonald Investments Inc. from 2000 to 2002. Prior to 2000, Mr. Clutterbuck served in several senior management positions within McDonald Investments Inc., including as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Managing Director of McDonald & Co. Securities, Inc., as Treasurer of McDonald & Co. Investments, Inc., and as President and Chief Operating Officer of McDonald & Co. Securities, Inc. Currently, Mr. Clutterbuck serves as an Independent Director of Westmoreland Resources GP, LLC (NYSE: WMLP), a position he has held since January 6, 2015. Mr. Clutterbuck holds a B.A. from Ohio Wesleyan University and an M.B.A from the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School of Business.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Clutterbuck’s background with capital markets and public companies is valuable to the Company’s Board of Directors and senior management. 
intellectual property.
   
Douglas Morgan. Mr. Morgan was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors on November 24, 2020. From March 2019 to present, Mr. Morgan has served as an Advisory Board member and Consultant to Clyra Medical Technologies, a biotechnology company specializing in wound healing and antimicrobial solutions, and prior to that as a Consultant to the public parent company, BioLargo (symbol: BLGO) on business strategy and a capital raise.  He is CEO of Performance Strategies, Inc., a business and technology consulting firm where he has worked with companies across numerous sectors including security, payments and biotech, assisting them with financing strategies, market positioning, technology development and IP strategy. Earlier in his career, he helped found Hirsch Electronics, a security systems company known for its patented ScamblePad product.  He served as Hirsch’s VP Engineering managing the development of their entire line of security systems and controllers, and later as a Director helped negotiate Hirsch’s merger with publicly traded Identiv (symbol: INVE) where he again served on the Board of Directors.  He graduated Summa Cum Laude from both MIT with a BS in Computer Science, and Stanford University with an MS in Electrical Engineering, and was also a National Science Foundation Fellow.
Mr. Morgan was selected as a member of the Board due to his past experience in the Security industry, his background in intellectual property development and strategies, and his work and broad experience in business strategy, product definition and market positioning for technology-based companies.
Lauren C. Anderson.Ms. Anderson joined the Company’s Board in February 2021. She is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of LC Anderson International Consulting, founded in 2013. Ms. Anderson, a former Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI") Senior Executive, has a background in high risk, complex, domestic, and international environments and currently serves as an advisor to the U.S. Comptroller General at the Government Accountability Office on international security, intelligence, criminal justice, law enforcement, and women’s leadership. Ms. Anderson also serves as an advisor and special skilled role player for the U.S. Army, and she is an advisor with Stellar Solutions. Ms. Anderson worked in various leadership roles for the FBI from February 1984 until December 2012, and was the FBI Legal Attaché at United States Embassies in France and Morocco from March 2002 through November 2006. Ms. Anderson holds numerous professional awards and certifications, including achievement awards from the Director of National Intelligence, Legal Momentum, LIM College and Muhlenberg College. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a director emeritus for the Women's Forum of NY, served as a judge for the Women's Safety XPrize and the Stevie Awards, and is a mentor with the Women's Foreign Policy Group and Girl Security. She holds a security clearance and numerous certifications with the United States government. Ms. Anderson has an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, awarded in 2019, by LIM College, New York City, a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Muhlenberg College, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, and completed executive programs at each of Harvard Business School, Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, Cambridge Judge Business School, and the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Garmisch, Germany.
Ms. Anderson was selected as a member of the Board due to her extensive experience as a security expert at the highest level within the Federal government, and her relationships with law enforcement and government agencies, each key markets for the Company.
There have been no events under any bankruptcy act, no criminal proceedings and no judgments or injunctions material to the evaluation of the ability and integrity of any director or nominee set forth above during the past ten years.
Board of Directors; Attendance at Meetings
The Board held four meetings and acted by unanimous written consent five times during the year ended December 31, 2020. Each director attended at least 75% of Board meetings during the year ended December 31, 2020. We have no formal policy with respect to the attendance of Board members at annual meetings of shareholders, but encourage all incumbent directors and director nominees to attend each annual meeting of shareholders.
Director Independence
Our Board has determined that all of its current members, other than Ms. Taylor, are “independent” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules regarding independence.
Board Committees and Charters
Our Board has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, each of which has the composition and responsibilities described below.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee provides assistance to the Board in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations in matters involving our accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal control and legal compliance functions by approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regarding our accounting practices and systems of internal accounting controls. The Audit Committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independent accountants and takes those actions as it deems necessary to satisfy it that the accountants are independent of management. The Audit Committee currently consists of Messrs. Demitrieus (Committee Chair), and Morgan, each of whom is a non-management member of our Board. Mr. Demitrieus is also our Audit Committee financial expert, as currently defined under current SEC rules. The Audit Committee met four times during the year ended December 31, 2020.  We believe that the composition of our Audit Committee meets the criteria for independence under, and the functioning of our Audit Committee complies with the applicable Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules and regulations.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee determines our general compensation policies and the compensation provided to our directors and officers. The Compensation Committee also reviews and determines bonuses for our officers and other employees. In addition, the Compensation Committee reviews and determines equity-based compensation for our directors, officers, employees and consultants and administers our stock option plans. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Messrs. Morgan (Committee Chair) and Demitrieus, each of whom is a non-management member of our Board. The Compensation Committee did not meet during the year ended December 31, 2020. All members of the Compensation Committee currently meet the criteria for independence under the applicable Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules and regulations.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee  
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board regarding candidates for directorships and the size and composition of the Board. In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate governance guidelines and reporting and making recommendations to the Board concerning corporate governance matters. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of all the members of the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee did not meet during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Board Leadership Structure
Our Board has discretion to determine whether to separate or combine the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board. Prior to the appointment of Kristin Taylor as President and Chief Executive Officer on March 2, 2020, and during the year ended December 31, 2019, S. James Miller held the roles of both Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board since 1996, and our Board believed that at the time, his combined role was advantageous to the Company and its shareholders. Currently, Ms. Taylor serves as both Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board as the Board believes, at this time, her combined role is advantageous to the Company and its shareholders.
The Board maintains effective independent oversight through a number of governance practices, including open and direct communication with management, input on meeting agendas, and regular executive sessions. 
 
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
 
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our Common Stock and other equity securities. Such persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018,2019, all Section 16(a) filing requirements were complied with in a timely manner except the following:manner.
 
 
Wayne Wetherell, Board Role in Risk Assessment
Management, in consultation with outside professionals, as applicable, identifies risks associated with the Company’s Senior Vice Presidentoperations, strategies and Chief Financial Officer, filed a Form 4 reporting one late transaction;
financial statements. Risk assessment is also performed through periodic reports received by the Audit Committee from management, counsel and the Company’s independent registered public accountants relating to risk assessment and management. Audit Committee members meet privately in executive sessions with representatives of the Company’s independent registered public accountants. The Board also provides risk oversight through its periodic reviews of the financial and operational performance of the Company.
 
Robert Clutterbuck, a director of the Company, filed a Form 4 reporting four late transactions;
James Miller, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, filed a Form 4 reporting one late transaction;
Neal Goldman, a director of the Company, filed a Form 4 reporting two late transactions; and
Charles Frischer, a director of the Company, filed a Form 4 reporting one late transaction.
Code of Ethics
 
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics policy that applies to our directors and employees (including the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions). The Company intends to promptly disclose (i) the nature of any amendment to this code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and (ii) the nature of any waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of this code of ethics that is granted to one of these specified individuals, the name of such person who is granted the waiver and the date of the waiver on our website in the future.  A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics can be obtained from our websitewebsite at http://www.iwsiwww.iwsinc.com.nc.com.
Board Leadership Structure
Our Board of Directors has discretion to determine whether to separate or combine the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. S. James Miller has served in both roles since 1996, and our Board continues to believe that his combined role is most advantageous to the Company and our stockholders, as Mr. Miller possesses in-depth knowledge of the issues, opportunities and risks facing us, our business and our industry and is best positioned to fulfill the responsibilities of our Chief Executive Officer, as well as the Chairman’s responsibility to develop meeting agendas that focus the Board’s time and attention on the most critical matters and to facilitate constructive dialogue among Board members on strategic issues.
In addition to Mr. Miller’s leadership, the Board maintains effective independent oversight through a number of governance practices, including open and direct communication with management, input on meeting agendas, and regular executive sessions. 
Board Role in Risk Assessment
Management, in consultation with outside professionals, as applicable, identifies risks associated with the Company’s operations, strategies and financial statements. Risk assessment is also performed through periodic reports received by the Audit Committee from management, counsel and the Company’s independent registered public accountants relating to risk assessment and management. Audit Committee members meet privately in executive sessions with representatives of the Company’s independent registered public accountants. The Board also provides risk oversight through its periodic reviews of the financial and operational performance of the Company.
Director Independence
Our Board of Directors has determined that all of its members, other than Mr. Miller, who serves as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Goldman, who beneficially owns approximately 39.4% of the Company’s Common Stock, are “independent” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules regarding independence.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, each of which has the composition and responsibilities described below.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee provides assistance to the Board of Directors in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations in matters involving our accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal control and legal compliance functions by approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regarding our accounting practices and systems of internal accounting controls. The Audit Committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independent accountants and takes those actions as it deems necessary to satisfy it that the accountants are independent of management. The Audit Committee currently consists of Messrs. Hamm (Chairman), Carey and Loesch, each of whom is a non-management member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Hamm is also our Audit Committee financial expert, as currently defined under current SEC rules. The Audit Committee met four times during the year ended December 31, 2018.  We believe that the composition of our Audit Committee meets the criteria for independence under, and the functioning of our Audit Committee complies with the applicable Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules and regulations.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee determines our general compensation policies and the compensation provided to our directors and officers. The Compensation Committee also reviews and determines bonuses for our officers and other employees. In addition, the Compensation Committee reviews and determines equity-based compensation for our directors, officers, employees and consultants and administers our stock option plans. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Messrs. Carey (Chairman), Cronin and Goldman, each of whom is a non-management member of our Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee met one time during the year ended December 31, 2018. Although Messrs. Carey and Cronin meet the criteria for independence under the applicable Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules and regulations, Mr. Goldman is not considered independent under such requirements.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding candidates for directorships and the size and composition of the Board. In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate governance guidelines and reporting and making recommendations to the Board concerning corporate governance matters. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of all the nonemployee members of the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met four times during the year ended December 31, 2018.
   
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
 
To the extent permitted by Delaware law, the Company will indemnify its directors and officers against expenses and liabilities they incur to defend, settle, or satisfy any civil or criminal action brought against them on account of their being or having been Company directors or officers unless, in any such action, they are adjudged to have acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct.
ITEM 11.                       
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Executive Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Overview of Compensation Program
 The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has responsibility for establishing, implementing and monitoring adherence to our compensation philosophy. The Board of Directors has delegated to the Compensation Committee the responsibility for determining our compensation policies and procedures for senior management, including the named executive officers, periodically reviewing these policies and procedures, and making recommendations concerning executive compensation to be considered by the full board of directors, when such approval is required under any of our plans or policies or by applicable laws. The Compensation Committee also has the principal responsibility for the administration of our stock plans, including the approval of stock option grants to the named executive officers.
 The compensation received by our named executive officers in fiscal year 2018 is set forth in the Summary Compensation Table, below. For 2018, the named executive officers included: (i) S. James Miller, Jr., Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer; (ii) David Harding, Senior Vice President Engineering, Chief Technical Officer, and (iii) David Somerville, Senior Vice President Sales and Marketing.
Compensation Philosophy
 In general, our executive compensation policies are designed to recruit, retain and motivate qualified executives by providing them with a competitive total compensation package based in large part on the executive’s contribution to our financial and operational success, the executive’s personal performance and increases in stockholder value as measured by the price of our common stock. We believe that the total compensation paid to our executives should be fair, reasonable and competitive.
 We seek to have a balanced approach to executive compensation with each primary element of compensation (base salary, variable compensation and equity incentives) designed to play a specific role. Overall, we design our compensation programs to allow for the recruitment, retention and motivation of the key executives and high-level talent required in order for us to:
achieve or exceed our annual financial plan and achieve profitability;
make continuous progression towards achieving our long-term strategic objectives to be a high-growth company with growing profitability; and
increase our share price to provide greater value to our stockholders.
Role of Executive Officers in Compensation Decisions
The Compensation Committee considers action on executive compensation annually. They discuss their proposed actions with the Chief Executive Officer and make recommendations for any changes to the Company’s Board of Directors. Only the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors are authorized to approve the compensation for any named executive officer. Because our Chief Executive Officer is also a member of our Board of Directors, he does not participate in any conversation or approvals related to his compensation. Compensation of new executives is based on hiring negotiations between the individuals and our Chief Executive Officer and/or Compensation Committee.
Elements of Compensation
 Consistent with our compensation philosophy and objectives, we offer executive compensation packages consisting of the following three components:
base salary;
annual incentive compensation (in the form of bonuses or otherwise); and
equity awards pursuant to the terms and conditions of our 1999 Stock Award Plan (the “1999 Plan”).
 In each fiscal year, the Compensation Committee determines the amount and relative weight of each component for all executives, including the named executive officers. Base salaries are paid in fixed amounts and thus do not encourage risk taking. For 2018, we had no incentive bonus programs.
We also have issued stock options focusing the recipients on the achievement of certain short- and longer-term goals and objectives. The Compensation Committee believes that these awards do not encourage unnecessary or excessive risk taking because the ultimate value of the awards is tied to our stock price, and the vesting schedules align our employees’ interests even more closely with those of our investors.
Base Salary
  Because our compensation philosophy stresses performance-based awards, base salary is intended to be a smaller portion of total executive compensation relative to long-term equity. Therefore, we target executive base salary at the median level of the compensation guidelines that have been approved by the Compensation Committee. In addition, the Compensation Committee takes into account the executive’s scope of responsibility and significance to the execution of our long-term strategy, past accomplishments, experience and personal performance and compares each executive’s base salary with those of the other members of senior management. The Compensation Committee may give different weighting to each of these factors for each executive, as it deems appropriate. The Compensation Committee did not retain a compensation consultant or determine a compensation peer group for 2018. In 2018, there were no changes to the base salaries paid to our named executive officers except for the contractually specified cost of living adjustments.
Annual Incentive Compensation
The Compensation Committee has not adopted an executive bonus plan for 2019.
 
 
 
Equity Awards
Although we do not have a mandated policy regarding the ownership of shares of Common Stock by officers and directors, we believe that granting equity awards to executives and other key employees on an ongoing basis gives them a strong incentive to maximize stockholder value and aligns their interests with those of our other stockholders on a long-term basis. Our 1999 Plan enables us to grant equity awards, as well as other types of stock-based compensation, to our executive officers and other employees. Under authority delegated to it by the board of directors, the Compensation Committee reviews and approves all equity awards granted to named executive officers under the 1999 Plan. Typically, the options granted upon the executive’s hire vest over three years with a third vesting on the one-year anniversary, and the remainder vesting quarterly over the next eight quarters. The options granted to executives in connection with an annual performance review typically begin vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date, and vest ratably over the following eight quarters. Our general policy is to grant the options with an exercise price equal to fair market value, which currently is the closing price of our Common Stock, as reported by the OTCQB marketplace, on the grant date.
We intend to grant equity awards to achieve retention and motivation:
upon the hiring of key executives and other personnel;
annually, when we review progress against corporate and personal goals; and
when we believe that competitive forces or economic conditions threaten to cause our key executives to lose their motivation and/or where retention of these key executives is in jeopardy.
With the Compensation Committee’s approval, we grant options to purchase shares of Common Stock when we initially hire executives and other employees, as a long-term performance incentive. The Compensation Committee has determined the size of the initial option grants to newly hired executives with reference to existing guidelines and hiring negotiations with the individual, in addition to other relevant information regarding the size and type of compensation package considered necessary to enable us to recruit, retain and motivate the executive.
Historically, no employee was eligible for an annual performance grant until the employee had worked for us for at least sixty days. The Compensation Committee reviews our Chief Executive Officer’s and other executives’ performance and determines whether they should be granted an option to purchase additional shares. Aside from stock award grants in connection with annual performance reviews, we do not have a policy of granting additional awards to executives and, consequently, the Board of Directors and the Compensation Committee has not adopted a policy with respect to granting awards in coordination with the release of material non-public information.
In determining the size of equity awards the Compensation Committee takes into account the executive’s current position with and responsibilities to us.
Only the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee may approve options or other equity-based compensation to our executives. However, the Board of Directors has authorized our Chief Executive Officer to approve option grants to non-executive employees. All such grants must be consistent with equity incentive guidelines approved by the Compensation Committee. The exercise price for such grants must be equal to the most recent closing price of a share of the Common Stock as reported by the OTCQB marketplace on the date of grant.
Going forward, we intend to continue to evaluate and consider equity grants to our executives on an annual basis. We expect to consider potential equity awards for executives at the same time as we annually review our employees’ performance and determine whether to award grants for all employees.
Accounting and Tax Considerations
 Our Compensation Committee has reviewed the impact of tax and accounting treatment on the various components of our executive compensation program. Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) generally disallows a tax deduction to publicly held companies for compensation paid to “covered” executive officers, to the extent that compensation paid to such an officer exceeds $1.0 million during the taxable year. We endeavor to award compensation that will be deductible for income tax purposes, though other factors will also be considered. Our Compensation Committee may authorize compensation payments that do not comply with the exemptions to Section 162(m) when we believe that such payments are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent.
Say-on-Pay
Our stockholders have not yet had the opportunity to provide feedback on our executive compensation through an advisory vote, as we have not held an annual meeting of stockholders since 2011, at which time we were not required to hold a “Say-on-Pay” vote as we followed the disclosure guidelines of a Smaller Reporting Company.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
As of December 31, 2018, the members of our Compensation Committee were, and currently are, David Carey (Chairman), John Cronin and Neal Goldman. None of the current or past members of our Compensation Committee is or has been an officer or employee of our Company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served,as a member of the compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions or, in the absence of any such committee, the entire board of directors) or director of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
 The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis provisions to be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee has recommended to the board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors:ITEM 11. 
David Carey (Chairman)
John Cronin
Neal GoldmanEXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
Summary Compensation Table
 
The following table sets forth certain information about the compensation paid or accrued during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 to our Chief Executive Officer and each of our two most highly compensated executive officers other than our Chief Executive Officer who were serving as executive officers at December 31, 2018,2020, and whose annual compensation exceeded $100,000 during such year or would have exceeded $100,000 during such year if the executive officer were employed by the Company for the entire fiscal year (collectively the “Named Executive Officers”).
  
Name and Principal Position
 Year
 
Salary
 
 
Stock Awards
 
 
Option
Awards (1)(2)
 
 
  All Other Compensation   
 
 
Total
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
S. James Miller, Jr. 2018
 $387,787 
 $- 
 $199,408 
 $19,967(3) 
 $607,163 
Chairman of the Board and 2017
 $380,076 
 $- 
 $174,125 
 $19,913
 $574,114 
   Chief Executive Officer 
    
    
    
    
    
David Harding 2018
 $275,000 
 $-
 
 $161,481 
 $5,288(4) 
 $441,769 
Vice President and 2017
 $280,288 
 $- 
 $163,885 
 $4,788
 $448,961 
  Chief Technical Officer 
    
    
    
    
    
David Somerville 2018
 $230,631 
 $- 
 $90,400 
 $67,089(5)
 $388,120 
Sr. Vice President Sales
   and Marketing
 
    
    
    
    
    
Name and Principal Position (1)
Year 
 
Salary
 Bonus  Stock Awards  
Option
Awards(2)(3)
  All Other Compensation   Total 
                    
Kristin Taylor (4)
2020 $275,000 $-  $-  $-
 $11,561(8)  $286,561 
Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board2019 $- $-  $-   -  $-  $- 

                        
Sudheer Koganti2020 $131,629 $12,500  $-  $   $-  $144,129 
Vice President of Engineering2019 $- $-  $-  $-  $-  $- 
                        
Chris Dickson2020 $113,352 $10,359  $-  $   $40,680(9)  $164,391 
Vice President of Sales2019 $- $-  $-  $-  $-  $- 

                        
S. James Miller, Jr. (5)
2020 $227,359 $-  $-  $47,250  $72,665(10)  $347,274 
Former Chair of the Board and Former Chief Executive Officer2019 $400,856 $-  $-  $-  $16,799  $417,655 

                        
Jonathan Morris (6)
2020 $168,000 $-  $-  $-  $-  $168,000 
Former Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer2019 $- $-  $-  $-  $-  $- 

                        
David Harding (7)
2020 $152,778 $-  $-  $-  $26,086(11)  $178,864 
Former Vice President and Chief Technical Officer2019 $275,000 $-  $-  $-  $-  $275,000 
 

  -46-

(1)Jay B. Lewis was appointed as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company on January 8, 2021, after the fiscal year end date of December 31, 2020, and therefore has been excluded from the Summary Compensation Table above. On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021.
(2)All option awards were granted under the Company’s 2020 Plan or the 1999 Plan.
  
(2)(3)
The amounts presented in this column do not reflect the cash value or realizable value of option grants to the named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2018.2020 or 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, no named executive officer exercised an option and therefore no value was realized during the reporting period. The amounts reflect the grant date fair value of the options awarded in the fiscal yearyears ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718. We have elected to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life, and interest rates. We are required to make various assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and have determined that the best measure of expected volatility is based on the historical weekly volatility of our common stock.Common Stock. Historical volatility factors utilized in our Black-Scholes computations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 ranged from 57%57% to 64%83%. We have elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the SEC approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The expected term used by the Company during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was 5.17 years. The difference between the actual historical expected life and the simplified method was immaterial. The interest rate used is the risk-free interest rate and is based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term. Interest rates used in the Company’s Black-Scholes calculations for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was 2.58%2.58%. Dividend yield is zero, as we do not expect to declare any dividends on shares of our common sharesCommon Stock in the foreseeable future. In addition to the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the estimated forfeiture rate at the time of valuation is a critical assumption. We have estimated an annualized forfeiture rate of 0%5.0% for corporate officers, 4.1% for members of the Board of Directors and 6.0%15.0% for all other employees. We review the expected forfeiture rate annually to determine if that percent is still reasonable based on historical experience.
(3)This amount includes premiums on life insurance and disability insurance of $8,967 and matching 401(k) contributions of $11,000.
  
(4)This amount includes premiums
Ms. Taylor was appointed as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer on life insuranceMarch 2, 2020, and disability insurancereceived no compensation prior to her employment. Under the terms of $2,888 and matching 401(k) contributionsKristin Taylor’s Employment Agreement, dated March 2, 2020, Ms. Taylor is entitled to an option to purchase 1,750,000 shares of $2,400.Common Stock, which option has not been granted as of the date of this Annual Report, pending the negotiation of a new grant since the consummation of the offering of Series D Preferred in November 2020.
  
(5)This amount includes premiums in life insurance and disability insurance
Effective November 12, 2020, Mr. Miller, Former Chief Executive Officer of $1,232, matching 401(k) contributions of $7,106, and $58,750the Company, resigned from his position as a guaranteed draw against commissions.member of the Board of Directors of the Company. Although Mr. Miller currently provides consulting services to the Company under the terms of an Amended and Restated Consulting Agreement (“Consulting Agreement”), such Consulting Agreement terminates on April 12, 2021.
  
(6)
Mr. Morris was appointed as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on May 1, 2020, and received no compensation prior to his employment. Effective December 31, 2020, Mr. Morris’s employment as an officer and employee of the Company was terminated by mutual agreement between Mr. Morris and the Company.
 

Grants of Plan Based Awards
The following table provides information on plan-based awards granted in 2018 to each of the Named Executive Officers:
 
 
 
 
Grant Date
 
 
All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options
(#)
 
 
Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards
($/Share) (1)
 
 
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards
($) (2)
 
S. James Miller, Jr.1/31/2018
  200,000 
  1.75 
 $197,236 
 
    
    
    
David Harding1/31/2018
  100,000 
  1.75 
 $98,618 
 
    
    
    
David Somerville
1/31/2018
  300,000 
  1.75 
 $298,853 
 
    
    
    
(1)(7)Effective July 21, 2020, Mr. Harding resigned from his position with the Company.
 
Each option was granted at an exercise price equal(8)Includes group benefits paid to all employees of the fair market value of our Common Stock on the grant date which was equal to the closing price of a share of our common stock, as reported by the OTCQB marketplace, on the date of grant.Company.
(2) 
The amounts reflect(9)Includes $31,126 paid to Mr. Dickson in commissions earned during the grant date fair value,fiscal year, and $9,554 in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 2group benefits paid to all employees of the Consolidated Financial Statements includedCompany.
(10)Includes $39,315 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K foraccrued paid time off paid to Mr. Miller upon his resignation, and $33,350 in group benefits paid to all employees of the year ended December 31, 2018.Company.
(11)Includes $17,029 in accrued paid time off paid to Mr. Harding upon his resignation, and $9,057 in group benefits paid to all employees of the Company.
  
 
 
 
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
 
The following table sets forth information regarding unexercised options, stock that has not vested and equity incentive awards held by each of the then Named Executive Officers outstanding as of December 31, 2018:2020:
 

 
  Option Awards  
 
 
  Stock Awards
 
Name
 
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options:
Exercisable (#)
 
 
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options:
Unexercisable (#)
 
 
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
 
 
Option
Expiration
Date
 
 
Number of Shares That Have Not Vested (#)
 
 
 
Market Value of Shares That Have Not Vested ($)
 
S. James Miller, Jr.
  100,000 
   
 $0.20 
1/27/2019
   
 $ 
  183,000 
   
 $0.73 
1/29/2020
   
 $ 
 
Option Awards
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Awards
 
  225,000 
   
 $1.11 
3/10/2021
   
 $ 
 
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options:
Exercisable (#)
 
 
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options:
Unexercisable (#)
 
 
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
 
 
Option
Expiration
Date
 
 
Number of Shares That
Have Not Vested
(#)
 
 
Market Value of Shares That Have Not Vested
($)
 
Named Executive Officers (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sudheer Koganti
  - 
  100,000 
  0.13 
 
7/29/2030
 
  100,000 
 $- 
  450,000 
   
 $0.92 
2/2/2022
   
 $ 
    
 
 
 
    
  100,000 
   
 $0.93 
2/8/2023
   
 $ 
    
 
 
 
    
Chris Dickson
  - 
  100,000 
  0.13 
 
7/29/2030
 
  100,000 
 $- 
  100,000 
   
 $1.93 
10/29/2023
   
 $ 
    
 
 
 
    
  50,000 
   
 $2.29 
12/15/2024
   
 $ 
  150,000 
   
 $1.73 
9/14/2025
   
 $ 
  225,000 
  75,000 
 $1.37 
9/20/2026
   
 $ 
   
  200,000 
  1.75 
1/31/2028
    
    

    
Former Named Executive Officers
    
 
 
 
    
    

    
    
 
 
 
    
David Harding
  50,000 
   
 $0.20 
1/27/2019
   
 $ 
  - 
 $N/A 
  N/A 
  - 
 $- 
  80,000 
   
 $0.73 
1/29/2020
   
 $ 
    
  325,000 
   
 $0.92 
2/2/2022
   
 $ 
  100,000 
   
 $0.93 
2/8/2023
   
 $ 
  75,000 
   
 $1.93 
10/29/2023
   
 $ 
  50,000 
   
 $2.29 
12/15/2024
   
 $ 
  125,000 
   
 $1.73 
9/14/2025
   
 $ 
  225,000 
  75,000 
 $1.37 
9/20/2026
   
 $ 
   
  100,000 
 $1.75 
1/31/2028
   
 $ 
    

    
    

    
David Somerville
   
  300,000 
 $1.75 
1/31/2028
   
 $ 
S. James Miller, Jr.
  - 
 $N/A 
  N/A 
  - 
 $- 
 
(1)
Jay B. Lewis was appointed as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company on January 8, 2021, after the fiscal year end date of December 31, 2020, and therefore has been excluded from the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table above. On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021.
Under the terms of Kristin Taylor’s Employment Agreement, dated March 2, 2020, Ms. Taylor is entitled to an option to purchase 1,750,000 shares of Common Stock, which option has not been granted as of the date of this Annual Report, pending the negotiation of a new grant since the consummation of the offering of Series D Preferred in November 2020.
 
 
-50--48-
 
 
Employment Agreements
Kristin Taylor. On March 2, 2020, we entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Kristin Taylor, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. This agreement provides for an annual base salary of $330,000 for a period of 24 months effective April 10, 2020. Ms. Taylor’s annual base salary was increased to $350,000 effective February 1, 2021. Ms. Taylor’s employment agreement also provides for (i) the grant of a stock option to purchase 1.75 million shares of the Company's Common Stock, which stock option has not been issued as of the date of this Annual Report. Upon issuance, the stock option shall vest in three equal annual installments beginning one year from the date of the employment agreement; (ii) an annual bonus equal to 100% of Ms. Taylor's annual salary upon meeting the following performance objectives: (a) the Company establishing a major partnership that generates $1.5 million in revenue during the calendar year 2020; (b) the Company achieving positive cash flow by the year ended December 31, 2020; (c) the Company's operating loss being reduced by a minimum of 50% by the year ended December 31, 2020; and (d) total sales exceeding $10.0 million in 2020, with each objective equal to 25% of the total bonus objective. If all performance objectives are met, Ms. Taylor will be granted an additional stock option to purchase 500,000 shares of Common Stock. In the event of termination of her employment other than by reason of death or disability, or for cause, the employment agreement is also anticipated to provide Ms. Taylor with certain severance payments, including continuation of her salary for the greater of one year or the remaining term under her employment agreement.
 
Jay Lewis.Mr. Lewis joined the Company as its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on January 7, 2021. The Company and Mr. Lewis are parties to a letter agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Lewis will be paid an annual base salary of $240,000. In addition to other benefits provided to the Company’s executives, he will be issued an option to purchase that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to not less than 2% of the Company’s fully diluted shares of Common Stock, determined in the discretion of the Board of Directors, at an exercise price based on the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. The option shall vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company has not issued the option.
On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021.
  -49-
Former Named Executive Officers
S. James Miller, Jr. On October 1, 2005, wethe Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Miller, pursuant to which Mr. Miller servesserved as President and Chief Executive Officer. Historically,Officer until his resignation on March 2, 2020. On March 2, 2020, the Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement (the “Transition Agreement”) with Mr. Miller’s employment agreement has been amended annuallyMiller, whereby Mr. Miller continued to extendserve the expiration date, and was amended on January 31, 2019 to extend the expiration dateCompany as its Executive Chairman of the agreement to December 31, 2019. The agreement provides for annual base compensation inBoard of Directors until May 2, 2021; however, the amount of $291,048, which amount, as a result of cost-of-living adjustments, has increased to $400,856. Under this agreement, we will reimburseTransition Agreement was terminated on November 13, 2020, when the Company and Mr. Miller for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with our business.entered into the Consulting Agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”). Under the terms of the agreement,Consulting Agreement, Mr. Miller will be entitledis to provide consulting services for up to 16 hours per week in consideration for the following severance benefits if we terminate his employment without causepayment to Mr. Miller of a monthly consulting fee of $19,000 payable for five months or in the event of an involuntary termination: (i) a lump sum cash payment equal to twenty-four months base salary; (ii) continuation of Mr. Miller’s fringe benefits and medical insurance for a period of three years; and (iii) immediate vesting of 50% of Mr. Miller’s outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards.through until April 12, 2021 (the “Termination Date”). In the event that Mr. Miller’s employment is terminated within six months prior to or thirteen months following a change of control (defined below),addition, Mr. Miller is entitled to a commission equal to 1.0% of all amounts actually paid to the severance benefits described above, exceptCompany resulting from certain contracts and/or purchase orders received by the Company prior to the Termination Date, provided the Company receives at least $1.7 million in revenue from such contracts and/or purchase orders. In all cases, the maximum commission that 100% of Mr. Miller’s outstanding stock options andMiller may receive based on the foregoing is $228,000. In addition, Mr. Miller was entitled to 525,000 vested restricted stock awards will immediately vest.units (“RSUs
Wayne Wetherell.On October 1, 2005, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Wetherell, pursuant to which Mr. Wetherell will serve as our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Wetherell’s employment agreement, as amended, terminated on December 31, 2017”), and was not subsequently replaced by a new employment agreement. However, he continues to serve as our Chief Financial Officer.his remaining 262,000 RSUs were terminated.
  
David Harding. On May 21, 2007, weJanuary 1, 2013, the Company entered into a Change of Control and Severance Benefitsan Employment Agreement with Mr. David Harding, ourpursuant to which Mr. Harding served as the Company’s Vice President and Chief Technical Officer. This agreementOfficer until his resignation on July 21, 2020. The Agreement was originally for a two-yearone-year term, ending on May 21, 2009;December 31, 2013; however, the agreement has beenAgreement was amended to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2019.2020. Under the terms of the agreement,Agreement, Mr. Harding iswas paid a semi-monthly base salary of $11,458, and is entitled to the following severance benefits if we terminate$9,375. Following his employment without cause or in the event of an involuntary termination: (i) a lump sum cash payment equal to six months base salary; and continuation of Mr. Harding’s medical and disability insurance for a period of six months. In the event that Mr. Harding’s employment is terminated within six months prior to or thirteen months following a change of control (defined below),resignation, Mr. Harding is entitled toreceived his then current salary accrued through the severance benefits described above, except that 100%effective date of Mr. Harding’s outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards will immediately vest.his resignation, plus accrued compensation in connection with unused vacation.
 
For purposes of the above-referenced agreements, termination for “cause” means the executive’s commission of a criminal act or an act of fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust or other act of gross misconduct; violations of policies or rules of the Company; refusal to follow the direction given by the Company from time to time or breach of any covenant or obligation under the above-referenced agreements or other agreements with the Company; neglect of duty; misappropriation, concealment, or conversion of any money or property of the Company; intentional damage or destruction of property of the Company; reckless conduct which endangers the safety of other persons or property during the course of employment or while on premises leased or owned by the Company; or a breach of any obligation or requirement set forth in the above-referenced agreements. A “change in control” as used in these agreements generally means the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) the acquisition by any person or group of 50% or more of ourthe Company’s outstanding voting stock; (ii) the consummation of a merger, consolidation, reorganization, or similar transaction other than a transaction: (1) in which substantially all of the holders of ourthe Company’s voting stock hold or receive directly or indirectly 50% or more of the voting stock of the resulting entity or a parent company thereof, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to the transaction, or (2) in which the holders of ourthe Company’s capital stock immediately before such transaction will, immediately after such transaction, hold as a group on a fully diluted basis the ability to elect at least a majority of the directors of the surviving corporation (or a parent company); (iii)  there is consummated a sale, lease, exclusive license, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of usthe Company and our Subsidiaries,the Company’s subsidiaries, other than a sale, lease, license, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of usthe Company and our Subsidiariesthe Company’s subsidiaries to an entity, 50% or more of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by our stockholdersthe Company’s shareholders in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such sale, lease, license, or other disposition; or (iv)  individuals who, on the date the applicable agreement was adopted by the Board, are Directorsdirectors (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Directors;directors; provided, however, that if the appointment or election (or nomination for election) of any new Directordirector was approved or recommended by a majority vote of the members of the Incumbent Board then still in office, such new member shall, for purposes of the applicable agreement, be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board.
Other than as set forth above, there were no arrangements or understandings between the Company’s Named Executive Officers and any other person pursuant to which they were appointed as officers as of December 31, 2020. None of the Company’s Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2020 had a family relationship that is required to be disclosed under Item 401(d) of Regulation S-K.
 
 
 
-51--50-
 
 
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans 
 The following table provides information as of December 31, 2018 regarding equity compensation plans approved by our security holders and equity compensation plans that have not been approved by our security holders:
Plan Category
 
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
 
Weighted-
Average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
 
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column) (a)
 
 
 
(a)
 
 
(b)
 
 
(c)
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1999 Stock Award Plan, as amended and restated
  7,227,248 
 $1.34 
  730,677 
 
    
    
    
Total
  7,227,248 
 $1.34 
  730,677 
Description of Equity Compensation Plans
 1999 Stock Option Plan
The 1999 Plan was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 17, 1999. Under the terms of the 1999 Plan, the Company could, originally, issue up to 350,000 non-qualified or incentive stock options to purchase Common Stock of the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company subsequently amended and restated the 1999 Plan, whereby it increased the share reserve for issuance to approximately 7.0 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Subsequently, in February 2018, the Company amended and restated the 1999 Plan, whereby it increased the share reserve for issuance by an additional 2.0 million shares. The 1999 Plan prohibits the grant of stock option or stock appreciation right awards with an exercise price less than fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant. The 1999 Plan also generally prohibits the “re-pricing” of stock options or stock appreciation rights, although awards may be bought-out for a payment in cash or the Company’s stock. The 1999 Plan permits the grant of stock-based awards other than stock options, including the grant of “full value” awards such as restricted stock, stock units and performance shares. The 1999 Plan permits the qualification of awards under the plan (payable in either stock or cash) as “performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The number of options issued and outstanding and the number of options remaining available for future issuance are shown in the table below. The number of authorized shares available for issuance under the plan at December 31, 2018 was 7,957,925.
Director Compensation
Each of our non-employee directors receives equity compensation in the form of stock options that vest monthly during the year of service for serving on the Board of Directors. Board members who also serve on the Audit Committee receive additional monthly compensation of $458 for the Chairman and $208 for the remaining members of the Audit Committee. Board members who also serve on the Compensation Committee receive additional monthly compensation of $417 for the Chairman and $208 for the remaining members of the Compensation Committee. The members of the Board of Directors are also eligible for reimbursement for their expenses incurred in attending Board meetings in accordance with our policies. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 the total amounts of compensation to non-employee directors (excluding reimbursable expenses) was approximately $425,799, which amount was paid $20,500 in cash with the remainder paid in stock options of the Company.
Each of our non-employee directors is also eligible to receive stock option grants under the 1999 Plan. Stock options granted under the 1999 Plan are intended by us not to qualify as incentive stock options under the Code.
The term of stock options granted under the 1999 Plan is ten years. In the event of a merger of us with or into another corporation or a consolidation, acquisition of assets or other change-in-control transaction involving us, an equivalent option will be substituted by the successor corporation;provided, however, that we may cancel outstanding options upon consummation of the transaction by giving at least thirty (30) days’ notice.
-52-
The following table sets forth the compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each person who served as a director during the year ended December 31, 2018, other than a director who also served as an executive officer:
 
 
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash ($)
 
 
Stock
Awards ($)
 
 
Option
Awards
($) (1)
 
 
All Other Compensation ($)
 
 
Total ($)
 
Guy Steve Hamm
 $5,500 
 $
 $41,538 
 $-
 $47,038 
 
    
    
    
    
    
David Carey
 $7,500 
 $
 $41,538 
 $-
 $49,038 
 
    
    
    
    
    
David Loesch
 $2,500 
 $
 $41,538 
 $-
 $44,038 
 
    
 
    
    
    
John Cronin
 $2,500 
 $
 $41,538 
 $-
 $44,038 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Neal Goldman
 $2,500 
 $
 $41,538 
 $-
 $44,038 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Charles Crocker (2)
 $-
 $
 $41,538 
 $-
 $41,538 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Dana Kammersgard
 $-
 $
 $51,704 
 $-
 $51,704 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Charles Frischer
 $-
 $
 $52,184 
 $-
 $52,184 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Robert T. Clutterbuck
 $-
 $
 $52,184 
 $-
 $52,184 
(1)
The amounts reflect the grant date fair value of options recognized as compensation in 2018, in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718, and thus may include amounts from awards granted prior to 2018. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)
Mr. Crocker resigned from his position as a member of our Board of Directors on February 14, 2019.
-53-

ITEM 12.
SECURITYECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
 
As of March 26, 2019,12, 2021, we had fourfive classes of voting stock issued and outstanding: (i) Common Stock; (ii) our Series A Preferred; (iii) our Series A-1 Preferred; (iv) our Series B Preferred; and (iv)(v) our Series CD Preferred. The following tables sets forth information regarding shares of Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, Series CD Preferred and Common Stock beneficially owned as of March 26, 2019 by:
(i)
Each of our Named Executive Officers12, 2021. and directors;
(ii)
All Named Executive Officers and directors as a group; and
(iii)Each person known by us to beneficially own five percent or more of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock, Series A Preferred, Series B Preferred and Series C Preferred. Percent ownership is calculated based on 37,467 shares of Series A Preferred, 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred, 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred and 98,510,466 shares Common Stock outstanding at March 26, 2019.
  
  Unless otherwise noted, the addressesThe following tables set forth information regarding shares of Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, Series D Preferred, and Common Stock beneficially owned as of March 12, 2021 by   
(i)
Each of our officers and directors;
(ii)
All officer and directors as a group; and
(iii)
Each person known by us to beneficially own five percent or more of the individuals listed in the below tables areoutstanding shares of our Common Stock, Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred and Series D Preferred.
Percent ownership is calculated based on 6,148.7 shares of Series A Preferred, 5,922.0 shares of Series A-1 Preferred, 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred, 22,661.3 shares of Series D Preferred and 274,959,927 shares Common Stock outstanding as of March 12 13500 Evening Creek Drive N., Suite 550, San Diego, California 92128.2021.
Beneficial Ownership of Series A Preferred  
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)   
 
Series A Preferred Stock (2)(3)
 
 
% Ownership of Class (3)
 
 
5% Shareholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CAP 1 LLC (4)
14000 Quail Spring Parkway, Suite 2200
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
  750 
  12.2%
Wynnefield Partners (5)
450 7th Ave. Suite 509
New York, NY, 10123
  375 
  6.1%
Charles Frischer 
4404 52nd Avenue NE
Seattle, WA 98105
  576 
  9.4%
 Neal Goldman
767 Third Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY 10017
  2,358.5 
  38.4%
 
Beneficial Ownership of Series A Preferred
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable)
 
Series A Preferred
Stock (2)
 
 
 % Ownership of Class (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors and Named Executive Officers: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
S. James Miller, Jr., Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
  100 
  * 
Neal Goldman, Director 
  9,434 
  25.2%
Robert T. Clutterbuck, Director
  2,148 
  5.7%
Charles Frischer, Director
  3,105 
  8.3%
Total beneficial ownership of directors and Named Executive Officers as a group (12 persons):
  14,812 
  39.5%
 
    
    
5% Stockholders:
    
    
CF Special Situation Fund I, LP (3)
1360 East 9th Street, Suite 1250
Cleveland, OH 44114
  5,605 
  15.0%
CAP 1 LLC (4)
14000 Quail Spring Parkway, Suite 2200
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
  3,000 
  8.0%
Richard Leahy
322 Pilots Point
Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464
  2,000 
  5.3%
* less than 1% 
 
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series A Preferred are excluded from this table. The business address of each of the executive officers and directors is 11440 W. Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127.
(2)
In connection with a private placement transaction completed in November and December 23, 2020 (the “Series D Financing”), all of the outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred will be converted into shares of Common Stock over a period of time with 100% of the such outstanding shares being converted by August 1, 2021.
(3)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(4)
Mr. David Sackler, President of CAP I LLC, may be deemed to have voting and investment discretion over the securities identified herein.
(5)
Wynnefield Partners owns shares in its Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value Fund, Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value LP 1 Funds, and its Wynnefield SmallCap Value Offshore Fund.
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series A Preferred were excluded from this table.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(3)
Mr. Robert T. Clutterbuck, Managing Partner of CF Special Situation Fund I, LP, may be deemed to have voting and investment discretion over the securities identified herein.
(4)Mr. David Sackler, President of CAP I LLC, may be deemed to have voting and investment discretion over the securities identified herein.
 
 
 
-54--51-
 

Beneficial Ownership of Series B Preferred
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
 
Series B
Preferred
Stock (2)
 
 
% Ownership
of Class (2)
 
Darrelyn Carpenter
  28,000 
  12%
Frederick C. Orton
  20,000 
  8%
Howard Harrison
  20,000 
  8%
Wesley Hampton
  16,000 
  7%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series B Preferred were excluded from this table. 
(2)Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.  
 
 
Beneficial Ownership of Series C Preferred
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
 
Series C
Preferred
Stock (2)
 
 
% Ownership
of Class (2)
 
Blackwell Partners LLC – Series A (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  128 
  12.8%
Geode Capital Management LP
1 Post Office Square, 20th Floor
Boston, MA 02109
  100 
  10.0%
Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  54 
  5.4%
Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  112 
  11.2%
Nantahala Capital Partners SI LP (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  397 
  39.7%
Shellback Financial, LLC
16405 45th Avenue North
Minneapolis, MN 55446
  100 
  10.0%
Silver Creek CS SAV, L.L.C. (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  59 
  5.9%
Beneficial Ownership of Series A-1 Preferred
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable)(1)
 
Series A-1
Preferred Stock(2)(3)
 
 
% Ownership
of Class (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5% Shareholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CAP 1 LLC (4)
14000 Quail Spring Parkway, Suite 2200
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
  750 
  12.7%
Wynnefield Partners (5)
  375 
  6.3%
450 7th Ave. Suite 509
New York, NY, 10123
    
    
Charles Frischer 
4404 52nd Avenue NE
Seattle, WA 98105
  576.5 
  9.7%
 Neal Goldman
767 Third Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY 10017
  2,358.5 
  39.8%
 
(1)
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series A-1 Preferred are excluded from this table. The business address of each of the executive officers and directors is 11440 W. Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127.
(2)
In connection with the Series D Financing, all of the outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred will be converted into shares of Common Stock over a period of time with 100% of such outstanding shares being converted by August 1, 2021.
(3)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(4)
Mr. David Sackler, President of CAP I LLC, may be deemed to have voting and investment discretion over the securities identified herein.
(5)
Wynnefield Partners owns shares in its Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value Fund, Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value LP 1 Funds, and its Wynnefield SmallCap Value Offshore Fund.
Beneficial Ownership of Series B Preferred
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
 
Series B
Preferred Stock (2)
 
 
% Ownership
of Class (2)
 
Darrelyn Carpenter
  28,000 
  12%
Howard Harrison
  20,000 
  8%
Wesley Hampton
  16,000 
  7%
Frederick C. Orton
  20,000 
  8%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series B Preferred are excluded from this table. The business address of each of the executive officers and directors is 11440 W. Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
  -52-
 Beneficial Ownership of Series D Preferred
 
 
 
Series D Preferred
 
 
 
% Ownership of
 
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
 
Stock (2)
 
 
Class (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackwell Partners LLC (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
 
 
 
 
 
 
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
 
 
 
 
 
 
Darien, CT 06820
  2,421.7 
  10.7%
Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership (3)
    
    
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
    
    
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
    
    
Darien, CT 06820
  945.4 
  4.2%
Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership (3)
    
    
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
    
    
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
    
    
Darien, CT 06820
  2,755.9 
  12.2%
Nantahala Capital Partners SI LP (3)
    
    
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
    
    
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
    
    
Darien, CT 06820
  7,146.9 
  31.5%
NCP QR LP (3)
    
    
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
    
    
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
    
    
Darien, CT 06820
  1,095.5 
  4.8%
Plum Investments L.P. (4)
    
    
1807 S. San Gabriel Blvd.
    
    
San Gabriel, CA 91776
  1,509.0 
  6.7%
Silver Creek CS SAV, L.L.C. (3)
    
    
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
    
    
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
    
    
Darien, CT 06820
  721.6 
  3.2%
* less than 1%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series D Preferred are excluded from this table.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(3)
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC is a Registered Investment Adviser and has been delegated the legal power to vote and/or direct the disposition of securities on behalf of these entities as a General Partner or Investment Manager and would be considered the beneficial owner of such securities. The above shall not be deemed to be an admission by the record owners that they are themselves beneficial owners of these shares of Series C Preferred for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any other purpose.
(4)
Tom Y. Lee, G.P. of Plum Investments L.P., may be deemed to hold voting and dispositive power over the shares identified herein.
  -53-
Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number
 
 
Percent
 
Name and Address
 
of Shares (1)
 
 
of Class (2)
 
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kristin Taylor, President and Chief Executive Officer
  - 
  * 
Jay Lewis, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  - 
  * 
James M. Demitrieus
  - 
  * 
Douglas Morgan
  - 
  * 
Lauren C. Anderson
  - 
  * 
 
    
    
Total beneficial ownership of Directors and Named Executive Officers as a group (five persons):
  - 
  * 
 
    
    
5% Shareholders:
    
    
Blackwell Partners LLC (3)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  42,426,169 
  15.46%
Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership (5)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  16,652,077 
  6.1%
Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership (6)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  48,134,518 
  17.57%
Nantahala Capital Partners SI LP (7)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  125,675,253 
  46.2%
NCP QR LP (8)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
  19,473,850 
  7.2%
Neal Goldman (9)
767 Third Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY10017
  86,667,547 
  28.9%
Plum Investments (10)
1807 S. San Gabriel Blvd.
San Gabriel, CA 91776
  39,421,295 
  14.5%
Silver Creek CS, SAV, L.L.C (11)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820 
  12,744,891 
  4.7%
W Ryan Goldman (12)
570 Lawrence Ave
Westfield, NJ. 07060
  17,152,659 
  6.3%
Shellback Financial (13)
16045 54th Ave N
Minneapolis, MN. 55446
  17,255,575 
  6.3%



* less than 1%
  -54-
(1)All entries exclude beneficial ownership of shares issuable pursuant to options, warrants, or other convertible securities that have not vested, are not convertible, or that are not otherwise exercisable as of the date hereof, or which will not become vested, convertible or exercisable within 60 days of March 12, 2021.
(2)Percentages are rounded to the nearest one-tenth of one percent. Percentages are based on 272,239,927 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 12, 2021. Options, warrants, and other convertible securities that are presently convertible or exercisable, or convertible or exercisable within 60 days of March 12, 2021 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the shareholder holding the options, warrants, or other convertible securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that shareholder, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other shareholder.
(3)Includes 41,538,593 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 2,421.7 shares of Series D Preferred issued in the Series D Financing, of which 1,280 shares of Series D Preferred were received in exchange for 128 shares of Series C Preferred were excluded from this table. on November 12, 2020.
(2)(4)Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.  
(3)
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC is a Registered Investment Adviser and has been delegated the legal power to vote and/or direct the disposition of securities on behalf of these entitiesthis entity as a General Partner or Investment Manager and would be considered the beneficial owner of such securities. Wilmot B. Harkley and Daniel Mack, as principles of Nantahala Capital Management, LLC, may be deemed to hold voting and dispositive power over the shares identified herein. The above shall not be deemed to be an admission by the record owners or these selling shareholders that they are themselves beneficial owners of these shares of Series C Preferredsecurities for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any other purpose.
-55-
Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock
Name and Address
 
Number of Shares (1)
 
 
Percent of
Class (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
S. James Miller, Jr., Chairman, Chief Executive Officer (3)
 2,642,736
  2.6%
David Carey Director (4)
  265,689 
  * 
G. Steve Hamm, Director (5)
  265,775 
  * 
David Loesch, Director (6)
  293,897 
  * 
Neal Goldman, Director (7)
 42,547,329
  39.5%
John Cronin, Director (8)
  226,189 
  * 
Dana W. Kammersgard, Director (9)
 224,003
  * 
Robert T. Clutterbuck, Director (10)
 2,549,538
  2.5%
Charles Frischer, Director (11)
 3,592,469
  3.5%
David Harding, Chief Technical Officer (12)
  1,096,725 
  1.1%
David Somerville, Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing (13)
  125,000 
  * 
 
    
    
Total beneficial ownership of directors and Named Executive Officers as a group (12 persons):
 53,829,350
 52.6%

* less than 1% 

(1)All entries exclude beneficial ownership of shares issuable pursuant to options that have not vested or that are not otherwise exercisable as of the date hereof, or which will not become vested or exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.
(2)
 
Percentages are rounded to nearest one-tenth of one percent. Percentages are based on 98,443,632 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 26, 2019. Options that are presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the stockholder holding the options for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that stockholder, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other stockholder.
(5)
(3)
Includes 75,201 shares held jointly with spouse, 1,591,33816,216,124 shares issuable upon exercisethe conversion of stock options, each exercisable within 60 daysapproximately 945.4 shares of March 26, 2019, and 92,603Series D Preferred.
(6)
Includes 47,271,012 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 2,755.9 shares of Series D Preferred.
(7)
Includes 122,588,336 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 7,146.9 shares of Series D Preferred issued in the Series D Financing, of which 3,970 shares of Series D Preferred were received in exchange for 397 shares of Series C Preferred on November 12, 2020.
(8)
Includes 18,790,738 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 1,095.5 shares of Series D Preferred.
(9)
Includes 11,792,500 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series A Preferred, and 3,987 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
(4)Includes 159,003 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.
(5)Includes 161,503 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.
(6)Includes 159,003 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, each exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.
(7)Includes 8,736,14211,792,500 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series AA-1 Preferred, and 136,5034,006,861 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series D Preferred, and 112,838 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, eachwarrants exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.12, 2021. Mr. Goldman exercises sole voting and dispositive power over 33,298,55672,158,770 shares, including the aforementioned Series A conversion shares, Series A-1 conversion shares, Series D conversion shares, stock options and warrants, and shared voting and dispositive power over 3,147,70014,508,777 reported shares, of which 3,000,000 shares are owned by the Goldman Family 2012 GST Trust, 11,361,077 are held in an individual retirement account, and 147,700 shares are owedowned by The Neal and Marlene Goldman Foundation, and 376,128 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
(8)Includes 186,503 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.
(9)Includes 138,503 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.
Foundation.
(10)
Includes 1,989,10725,883,362 shares issuable upon the conversion of 1,509 shares of Series A PreferredD Preferred. Tom Y. Lee, G.P. of Plum Investments L.P., may be deemed to hold voting and 47,169dispositive power over the shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019, and 85,642 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
identified herein.
(11)
Includes 2,875,31512,377,358 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 721.6 shares of Series A Preferred and 47,169 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019, and 123,795D Preferred.
(12)Includes 17,152,659 shares issuable upon the exerciseconversion of warrants.
(12)Includes 1,046,725approximately 1,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 2019.Series D Preferred.
  
(13)
Includes 125,000Includes 17,255,575 shares issuable upon exercisethe conversion of stock options exercisable within 60 daysapproximately 1,006 shares of March 26, 2019.
Series D Preferred.
  
 
 
-56--55-
 
 
ITEM 13. 
CCERTAINERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 
 Lines of CreditNotes Payable
Factoring Agreement
 
In March 2013,On February 12, 2020, the Company and Neal Goldman,entered into a factoring agreement (the "Factoring Agreement") with a former member of the Company’s Board of Directors (“(the "GoldmanFactoring Lender"), entered into. Under the Factoring Agreement, the Company received $350,000 in proceeds (the "Factoring Principal") in the form of a lineloan, bearing interest at a rate of credit (the “Goldman Line1% for every seven days until the Factoring Principal and accrued interest are paid in full, with a maturity date of Credit”) with available borrowings of up to $2.5 million. In March 2014, the Goldman Line of Credit’s borrowing was increased to an aggregate total of $3.5 million (the “Amendment”).4, 2020. Pursuant to the terms and conditionsFactoring Agreement, repayment of the Amendment, Goldman had the right to convert up to $2.5 million of the outstanding balance of the Goldman Line of Credit into sharesFactoring Principal and accrued interest was secured by certain of the Company’s Commontrade accounts receivable approximating $500,000 (the "Factoring Collateral"). During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $45,000 in interest expense related to the Factoring Agreement. In May 2020, the Company repaid $35,000 in accrued interest to the Factoring Lender. As a condition to the consummation of the Company's offer and sale (the "Closing") of shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 ("Series D Preferred") (the "Series D Financing"), the Factoring Lender agreed to settle the entire Factoring Principal plus accrued interest and release the Company from liabilities due under the Factoring Agreement in exchange for $0.95a one-time payment of $360,000 (the "Factoring Settlement") to be made upon the Closing, and out of the proceeds, of the Series D Financing. On November 16, 2020, the Company fulfilled its obligation under the Factoring Settlement, thereby releasing it from its obligation under the Factoring Agreement.
Convertible Promissory Notes
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received advances from another former member of the Board of Directors (the "Board Lender") in the aggregate amount of $450,000. On June 29, 2020, the Company executed a promissory note (the "Board Note") in the favor of the Board Lender in the principal amount of $450,000 (the "Board Note Principal"), pursuant to which the Board Note Principal accrued simple interest at the rate of 5% per share. Any remaining outstanding balanceannum and was convertible into shares of the Company’sCompany's Common Stock for $2.25at $0.16 per share.
As consideration for the initial Goldman Line of Credit, the Company issued a warrant to Goldman, exercisable for 1,052,632 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Line of Credit Warrant”). The Goldman Line of Credit Warrant had a term of two years from the date of issuance and an exercise price of $0.95 per share. As consideration for entering into the Amendment, the Company issued to Goldman a second warrant, exercisable for 177,778 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Amendment Warrant”). The Amendment Warrant expired on March 27, 2015 and had an exercise price of $2.25 per share.
In April 2014, the Company and Goldman entered into a further amendment to the Goldman Line of Credit to decrease the available borrowings to $3.0 million (the “Second Amendment”). Contemporaneous with the execution of the Second Amendment, the Company entered into a new unsecured line of credit with Charles Crocker, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors (“Crocker”), with available borrowings of up to $500,000 (the “Crocker LOC”), which amount was convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock for $2.25 per share. As a result of these amendments, total available borrowings under the Lines of Credit available to the Company remained unchanged at a total of $3.5 million. In connection with the Second Amendment, Goldman assigned and transferred to Crocker one-half of the Amendment Warrant.
In December 2014, the Company and Goldman entered into a further amendment to the Goldman Line of Credit to increase the available borrowing to $5.0 million and extend the maturity date of the Goldman Line of Credit to March 27, 2017 (the “Third Amendment”). Also, as a result of the Third Amendment, Goldman had the right to convert up to $2.5 million outstanding principal, plus any accrued but unpaid interest (“Outstanding Balance”) into shares of the Company’s Common Stock for $0.95 per share the next $500,000 Outstanding Balance into shares of Common Stock for $2.25 per share and any remaining outstanding balance thereafter into sharesat the election of Common Stock for $2.30 per share.the Board Lender. The Third Amendment also modifiedBoard Note was to mature on the definitionearlier to occur of a “Qualified Financing” to mean(i) October 13, 2020, or (ii) on such date that the Company consummates a debt and/or equity financing resulting in grossnet proceeds to the Company of at least $5.0$3.0 million.
In February 2015, as a result of the Series E Financing, the Company issued 1,978 shares of Series E Preferred to Goldman to satisfy $1,950,000 in principal borrowings under the Goldman Line of Credit plus approximately $28,000 in accrued interest. As a result of the Series E Financing, the Company’s borrowing capacity under the Goldman Line of Credit was reduced to $3,050,000 with the maturity date unchanged and the Crocker LOC was terminated in accordance with its terms.
In March 2016, the Company and Goldman entered into a fourth amendment to the Goldman Line of Credit (the “Fourth Amendment”) solely to (i) increase available borrowings to $5.0 million; (ii) extend the maturity date to June 30, 2017, and (iii) provide for the conversion of the outstanding balance due under the terms of the Goldman Line of Credit into that number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s Common Stock as is equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the outstanding balance by $1.25.
Contemporaneous with the execution of the Fourth Amendment, the Company entered into a new $500,000 Line of Credit (the “New Crocker LOC”) with available borrowings of up to $500,000 with Crocker, which replaced the original Crocker LOC that terminated as a result of the consummation of the Series E Financing. Similar to the Fourth Amendment, the New Crocker LOC with Crocker originally matured on June 30, 2017, and provides for the conversion of the outstanding balance due under the terms of the New Crocker LOC into that number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s Common Stock as is equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the outstanding balance by $1.25.
On December 27, 2016, in connection with the consummation of the Series G Financing, the Company and Goldman agreed to enter into the Fifth Amendment (the “Line of Credit Amendment”) to the Goldman Line of Credit to provide the Company with the ability to borrow up to $5.5 million under the terms of the Goldman Line of Credit. In addition, the Maturity Date, as defined in the Goldman Line of Credit was amended to be December 31, 2017. The Line of Credit Amendment was executed on January 23, 2017.
In addition, on January 23, 2017, the Company and Crocker amended the New Crocker LOC to extend the maturity date thereof to December 31, 2017.
On May 10, 2017, Goldman and Crocker agreed to further extend the maturity dates of Lines of Credit to December 31, 2018.
 
 
 
-57--56-
 
 
On September 10, 2018,Also, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered intoreceived advances from an additional former member of the Exchange AgreementsBoard of Directors (the "Second Board Lender") in the aggregate amount of $100,000. On June 29, 2020, the Company executed a promissory note (the "Second Board Note", and collectively with Goldman and Crocker,the Board Note, the "Board Notes") in the principal amounts of $100,000 (the "Second Board Note Principal"), pursuant to which Goldmanthe Second Board Note Principal accrued simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owed under the terms of their respective Lines of Credit for an aggregate of 6,896was convertible into shares of Series A Preferred. As a resultthe Company’s Common Stock at $0.16 per share of Common Stock at the election of the Debt Exchange, all indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations arising underSecond Board Lender. The Second Board Note was to mature on the Linesearlier to occur of Credit were terminated, cancelled and deemed satisfied(i) October 13, 2020, or (ii) on such date that the Company consummates a debt and/or equity financing resulting in full.As a result, no future borrowings are available undernet proceeds to the LinesCompany of Credit.at least $3.0 million.
 
The following table sets forth the Company’s activity under its Lines of Credit for the periods indicated:
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2015
$
     Borrowings under Lines of Credit
2,650
     Repayments
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2016
$2,650
     Borrowings under Lines of Credit
3,350
     Repayments
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2017
$6,000
     Borrowings under Lines of Credit
     Exchanges
(6,000)
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2018
$

Series A Financing
In September 2017, Messrs. Miller, Goldman, Wetherell, Clutterbuck and Frischer purchased an aggregate of 1,450 Series A PreferredOn November 12, 2020, in connection with the Closing of the Series AD Financing, resulting in gross proceedsthe Board Lenders entered into (i) Debt Exchange Agreements (collectively, the "Debt Exchange Agreements"), and (ii) Satisfaction and Release Agreements (collectively, the "Release Agreements"), for the purpose of $1,450,000satisfying certain obligations of the Company arising under (i) the Board Note, and (ii) the Second Board Note. Pursuant to the Company. Messrs. Goldman, ClutterbuckDebt Exchange Agreements and Frischer also exchanged an aggregate 11,364Release Agreements: (a) one-half of the Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $232,000 was converted into 231.6 shares of Series ED Preferred at a rate of $1,000 per share of Series FD Preferred, with the remaining one-half of the Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $232,000, to be paid to the Board Lender in cash out of proceeds of the Series D Financing, in full satisfaction of the Company's obligations under the Board Note; and Series G Preferred for 11,364(b) the entire Second Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $103,000, was converted into 102.8 shares of Series AD Preferred at a rate of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred, in connection withfull satisfaction of the Series A Financing. Company's obligations under the Second Board Note.
 
Professional Services Agreement
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, the Company entered into professional services agreement with a firm whose managing director is alsoaffiliated with a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. Duringat the yeartime the parties entered into the agreement. The Company made no payments pursuant to this agreement during the twelve months ended December 31, 20182020 and has made approximately $34,000 during 2021. The Company anticipates no further payments for the Company recorded and paid one-halfremainder of the aggregate fee of $50,000.
2021.
 
Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons
 
As provided in the charter of our Audit Committee, it is our policy that we will not enter into any transactions required to be disclosed under Item 404 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K unless the Audit Committee or another independent body of our Board of Directors first reviews and approves the transactions. 
 
In addition, pursuant to our Code of Ethical Conduct and Business Practices, all employees, officers and directors of ours and our subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in any relationship or financial interest that is an actual or potential conflict of interest with us without approval. Employees, officers and directors are required to provide written disclosure to the Chief Executive Officer as soon as they have any knowledge of a transaction or proposed transaction with an outside individual, business or other organization that would create a conflict of interest or the appearance of one.
 
 
-58--57-
 
 
ITEM 14. 
PRINPRINCIPALCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
 
The following table represents aggregate fees billed to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 by Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C. (“MHM”), the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. MHM leases substantiallySubstantially all itsof MHM’s personnel, who work under the control of MHM shareholders, from wholly ownedare employees of wholly-owned subsidiaries of CBIZ, Inc., which provides personnel and various services to MHM in an alternative practice structure.
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Audit fees
 $396,000
 $248,000 
 $291,000 
 $374,000 
    
    
Audit-related fees
    —
   
   
    
    
Tax fees
    —
   
   
    
    
All other fees
  
   
   
    
    
Total Fees
 $396,000
 $248,000 
 $291,000 
 $374,000 
 
The Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved all fees described above.
 
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures.
 
The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent auditor, currently Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.MHM. The policy generally pre-approves specified services in the defined categories of audit services, audit-related services, and tax services up to specified amounts. Pre-approval may also be given as part of the Audit Committee’s approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent auditor or on an individual explicit case-by-case basis before the independent auditor is engaged to provide each service. The pre-approval of services may be delegated to one or more of the Audit Committee’s members, but the decision must be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.
 
TheDuring 2019, the Audit Committee has applied the de minimis exception to fees paid of approximately $2,000 or 1% of total fees paid to the Company’s independent accountant. Such fees relate to tax return preparation fees for one of the Company’s dormant foreign subsidiaries. There were no such fees paid in 2020.
 
 
 
-59--58-
 
 
PARTPART IV
 
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITSEXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
 
Exhibit No.

Description

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 27, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed November 15, 2005).

Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Annex B to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed November 15, 2005).

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 14, 2011).

Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 16, 2017).

Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 2, 2015).

Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 9, 2016).

Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).

Amendment No. 1 to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).

Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 19, 2017).

Certificate of Elimination of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 19, 2017).

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 13, 2018).

Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).

Amendment No. 1 to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).

Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).

Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).

Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).

Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
 Form of Amendment to Warrant, dated March 21, 2012, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 4, 2012).
-59-
 Form of Warrant, dated September 10, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
 Employment Agreement, dated September 27, 2005, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 30, 2005).
 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by the Company with its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (No. 333-93131), filed December 20, 1999, as amended).
 Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Plan Award (incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed November 21, 2007).
 Form of Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 14, 2005).
 2001 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB, filed November 14, 2001).
 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 25, 2007, by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 26, 2007).
 Office Space Lease between I.W. Systems Canada Company and GE Canada Real Estate Equity, dated July 25, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 29, 2008 by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Change of Control and Severance Benefits Agreement, dated September 27, 2008, between Company and Charles Aubuchon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Change of Control and Severance Benefits Agreement, dated September 27, 2008, between Company and David Harding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated September 27, 2008, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
-60-
 Form of Convertible Note dated November 14, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated April 6, 2009, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Office Space Lease between the Company and Allen W. Wooddell, dated July 25, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated December 10, 2009, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 12, 2011, by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2011).
 Note Exchange Agreement, dated December 12, 2011, by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2011).
 Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated March 10, 2011, between the Company and S. James Miller, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed January 17, 2012).
 Fifth Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated January 31, 2012, between the Company and S. James Miller, Jr., (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 4, 2012.
 Employment Agreement, dated January 1, 2013, between the Company and Wayne Wetherell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 7, 2013).
 Employment Agreement, dated January 1, 2013, between the Company and David Harding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 7, 2013).

-60-
 Convertible Promissory Note dated March 27, 2013 issued by the Company to Neal Goldman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 1, 2013).
 Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 12, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 13, 2014).
 Note Exchange Agreement, dated January 29, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 2, 2015).
 Sixth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between S. James Miller and the Company, dated November 1, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 7, 2013).
 Seventh Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between S. James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated January 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 15, 2015).
 Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between Wayne Wetherell and the Company, dated January 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 15, 2015).
 Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated January 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 15, 2015).
 Amendment No. 3 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated December 8, 2014 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 10, 2014).
 Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between Wayne Wetherell and the Company, dated December 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).
 Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated December 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).
 Eighth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between S. James Miller and the Company, dated December 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).
 Amendment No. 4 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 8, 2016 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 10, 2017).
 Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 9, 2016 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 10, 2017).
 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 7, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 9, 2016).
 Amendment No. 5 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated January 23, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-K, filed January 26, 2017).
 Form of Subscription Agreement for Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
 Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
 Ninth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated October 20, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).

 Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between Wayne Wetherell and the Company, dated October 20, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
 Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated October 20, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 30, 2016).
 Amendment No. 2 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 10, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 12, 2017).
 Amendment No. 6 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 10, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 12, 2017).
 Form of Subscription Agreement for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 19, 2017).
 Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 19, 2017).
-61-
 Fifth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated February 7, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 13, 2018).
 Tenth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated February 8, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 13, 2018).
 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement for Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
 Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
 Placement Agency Agreement, by and between the Company and Northland Capital Markets (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
 Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
 Eleventh Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated January 31, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 1, 2019).
 Sixth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David Harding and the Company, dated January 31, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 1, 2019).
Securities Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and Triton, dated February 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 27, 2020.
Employment Agreement between the Company and Kristin Taylor, dated April 10, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 15, 2020).
Purchase Agreement, by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated April 28, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 30, 2020).
Registration Rights Agreement, by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated April 28, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 30, 2020).
Note Payable Agreement by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and COMERICA BANK, dated April 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 11, 2020).
Consulting Agreement by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and S. James Miller, dated November 13, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
Debt Exchange Agreement and Satisfaction and Release by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and S. James Miller, dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
Debt Exchange Agreement and Satisfaction and Release by and between ImgeWare Systems, Inc. and Neal Goldman, dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
Amendment to the ImageWare Systems, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan 
 List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 24, 2010).
 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 Certification of CEO as Required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14, filed herewithherewith.
 Certification of CFO as Required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14, filed herewith.
 Certification of CEO and CFO as Required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, filed herewith.
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 

 
 
-61--62-
 
SIGNASIGNATURESTURES 
 
 In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.
 
Registrant
 
Date: March 27, 2019April 2, 2021
 
ImageWare Systems, Inc.
 
/s/ S. James Miller, Jr.Kristin Taylor
  S. James Miller, Jr.Kristin Taylor
  Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), and President
 
 
Date: March 27, 2019April 2, 2021 /s/ Wayne Wetherell
Wayne WetherellJay Lewis
  Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Date: March 27, 2019April 2, 2021 /s/ S. James Miller, Jr.Demitrieus
  S. James Miller, Jr.
Chairman of the Board

Date: March 27, 2019/s/ David Loesch
David Loesch
Director
Date: March 27, 2019/s/ Steve Hamm
Steve Hamm
Director
/s/ David Carey
Date: March 27, 2019David Carey
Director
/s/ John Cronin
Date: March 27, 2019John Cronin
Director
/s/ Neal Goldman
Date: March 27, 2019Neal Goldman
Director
/s/ Dana Kammersgard
Date: March 27, 2019Dana KammersgardDemitrieus
  Director
   
  /s/ Robert T. Clutterbuck
Date: March 27, 2019April 2, 2021 Robert T. Clutterbuck/s/ Douglas Morgan
  Director
/s/ Charles Frischer
Date: March 27, 2019Charles FrischerDouglas Morgan
  Director
 
Date: April 2, 2021/s/ Lauren C. Anderson
Lauren C. Anderson
Director
 
 
-62--63-
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
  
Page
Number
   
  F-2
   
 F-4
2019  F-5
   
 F-6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017 F-6
2019  F-7
   
 F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019  F-8F-9
   
  F-9F-10
 
 
 

REPORT
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
 
To the Board of Directors and ShareholdersStockholders of:
ImageWare Systems, Inc.
 
Opinion on the Financial Statements
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ImageWare Systems, Inc. (“Company”) as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the related consolidated  statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity (deficit)deficit and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Adoption of New Accounting Standard
As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue from contracts with customers as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers effective January 1, 2018, under the modified retrospective method.America (“U.S. GAAP”).
 
Going Concern Uncertainty
 
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring operating lossesdoes not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to maintain operations and, therefore, is dependent on additional financing to fund operations.  These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1 to the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’sinternal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 27, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion.
 
Basis for Opinion
 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
F-2
Convertible Preferred Shares
As described further in Note 13 to the financial statements, the Company issued 22,863 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock during the year ended December 31, 2020. The accounting for the transaction was complex, as it required the identification and assessment as to whether embedded features were required to be recognized separately and therefore, also were required to be recorded at fair value. The Company determined that the embedded conversion option, redemption option and participating dividend feature contained in the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock host instrument were required to be recognized separately as derivative liabilities at fair value.   The determination of fair value involved using complex valuation methodologies that incorporate significant assumptions which include the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock and the probability of certain conditions or events occurring.  
We identified auditing the Company’s evaluation of the accounting for the embedded features included in the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the resulting derivative liability as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for this determination was the degree of judgment involved by management in determining if the host contract was more akin to debt or equity and the development of the assumptions necessary to estimate the fair value of the derivative liability which in turn led to significant auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence for the accounting and estimated fair value.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Reading the underlying Series D Convertible Preferred Stock agreements to understand the terms and conditions, economic substance, and identify embedded features requiring evaluation.
Testing management’s application of the relevant accounting guidance to assess if the embedded features require accounting as derivative financial instruments and applying our understanding of each.
Obtaining an understanding of management’s process for developing the estimated fair value, including understanding the reasons the method was selected by the Company, identifying the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value estimate, and the application of those assumptions in the related method, and evaluating the appropriateness of each.
Testing the data used in developing the fair value estimate, including procedures to determine whether the data was complete and accurate and sufficiently precise.
Evaluating the significant assumptions used in developing the fair value estimate, including:
o
Evaluating whether management’s estimation of the probability of whether certain conditions or events were reasonable as of each valuation date.
o
Comparing the forecasted volatility of the Company’s common stock price to its historical volatility.
Involving the use of valuation professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in the evaluation of management’s process, selected method, and inputs and assumptions used in the method. 


F-3
Modification of Preferred Shares
As described in Note 2 and Note 14 to the financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company amended the terms of its Series A and Series A-1 Preferred Stock. In addition, the Company converted the Series C Preferred Stock into shares of Series D Preferred Stock. The accounting for the transactions was complex due to a lack of authoritative guidance on the accounting for preferred stock modifications and extinguishments within US GAAP. Additionally, the transactions required an estimation of the fair value of Series A, Series A-1, and Series D Preferred Stock. 
We identified auditing the Company’s accounting for the modification of the Series A and A-1 preferred shares, the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock into Series D Preferred Stock, and the corresponding fair value estimates of the Series A, Series A-1, and Series D Preferred Stock as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for this determination was a combination of the lack of authoritative guidance on accounting for the modification or extinguishment of preferred shares and the judgment involved by management in developing the model and assumptions necessary to estimate of the fair value of the Series A, Series A-1, and Series D Preferred Stock.  This in turn led to significant auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s accounting conclusions and the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate each fair value and the application of those assumptions within the valuation methods.  
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Reading the underlying preferred share agreements to understand the terms, conditions and economic substance of the transactions.
Evaluating whether management’s selection and application of the relevant accounting guidance was reasonable and supportable, applying our understanding of the agreements.
Obtaining an understanding of management’s process for developing the estimated fair value of the Series A, Series A-1, and Series D Preferred Stock, including understanding the reasons the methods were selected by the Company, identifying the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value estimates and the application of those assumptions in the related models, and evaluating the appropriateness of each.
Testing the data used in developing the fair value estimates, including procedures to determine whether the data was complete and accurate and sufficiently precise.
Involving the use of valuation professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in the evaluation of management’s process, selected methods, and inputs and assumptions used in the methods.

/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2011.
San Diego, California
March 27, 2019

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of:
ImageWare Systems, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited ImageWare Systems, Inc.’s (“Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO criteria).  In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated  statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and our report dated March 27, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements, and included explanatory paragraphs regarding the Company’s change in method of accounting for revenue from contracts with customers as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective January 1, 2018, as well as the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.
San Diego, California
March 27, 2019
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $5,694 
 $7,317 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 and $15 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
  968 
  458 
Inventory, net
  29 
  79 
Other current assets
  233 
  163 
Total Current Assets
  6,924 
  8,017 
 
    
    
Property and equipment, net
  244 
  43 
Other assets
  332 
  35 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization
  82 
  93 
Goodwill
  3,416 
  3,416 
Total Assets
 $10,998 
 $11,604 
 
    
    
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
    
    
 
    
    
Current Liabilities:
    
    
Accounts payable
 $678 
 $457 
Deferred revenue
  1,215 
  1,016 
Accrued expense
  888 
  658 
Accrued interest payable to related parties
   
  527 
Convertible lines of credit to related parties, net of discount
   
  5,774 
Derivative liabilities
  1,065 
   
Total Current Liabilities
  3,846 
  8,432 
 
    
    
Other long-term liabilities
  147 
   
Pension obligation
  1,876 
  2,024 
Total Liabilities
  5,869 
  10,456 
 
    
    
Mezzanine Equity:
    
    
Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, designated 1,000 shares, 1,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; liquidation preference $10,000 and $0 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
  8,156 
   
 
    
    
Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit):
    
    
Preferred stock, authorized 4,000,000 shares:
    
    
Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; designated 38,000 shares, 37,467 shares and 31,021 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; liquidation preference $37,467 and $31,021 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
   
   
Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; designated 750,000 shares, 389,400 shares issued and 239,400 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017; liquidation preference $607 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
  2 
  2 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 175,000,000 shares authorized; 98,230,336 and 94,174,540 shares issued at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 98,223,632 and 94,167,836 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
  981 
  941 
Additional paid-in capital
  184,130 
  172,414 
Treasury stock, at cost 6,704 shares
  (64)
  (64)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  (1,428)
  (1664)
Accumulated deficit
  (186,648)
  (170,481)
Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
  (3,027)
  1,148 
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 $10,998 
 $11,604 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
April 2, 2021
 
 
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONSBALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)data)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
 $1,761 
 $1,614 
Maintenance
  2,643 
  2,679 
 
  4,404 
  4,293 
Cost of revenue:
    
    
Product
  205 
  152 
Maintenance
  671 
  839 
Gross profit
  3,528 
  3,302 
 
    
    
Operating expense:
    
    
General and administrative
  4,285 
  3,723 
Sales and marketing
  3,571 
  2,816 
Research and development
  7,351 
  6,324 
Depreciation and amortization
  51 
  68 
 
  15,258 
  12,931 
Loss from operations
  (11,730)
  (9,727)
 
    
    
Interest expense, net
  463 
  591 
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
  232
   
Other components of net periodic pension expense
  118 
  98 
Other income, net
  (4)
  (125)
Loss before income taxes
  (12,539)
  (10,193)
 
    
    
Income tax expense (benefit)
  11 
  (124)
Net loss
 $(12,550)
 $(10,069)
Preferred dividends, deemed dividends and accretion
  (3,913)
  (2,400)
Preferred stock exchange
   
  (1,245)
Net loss available to common shareholders
 $(16,463)
 $(13,714)
 
    
    
Basic and diluted loss per common share — see Note 2:
    
    
Net loss
 $(0.13)
 $(0.11)
Preferred dividends, deemed dividends and accretion
  (0.04)
  (0.03)
Preferred stock exchange
   
  (0.01)
Basic and diluted loss per share available to common shareholders
 $(0.17)
 $(0.15)
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
  95,210,572 
  92,816,723 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 December 31,
 
 
 
 2020
 
 
2019
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $8,345 
 $1,030 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5 and $7 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
  577 
  657 
Inventory, net
  40 
  615 
Other current assets
  196 
  243 
Total Current Assets
  9,158 
  2,545 
 
    
    
Property and equipment, net
  155 
  216 
Other assets
  458 
  257 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
  1,557 
  1,906 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization
  58 
  70 
Goodwill
  3,416 
  3,416 
Total Assets
 $14,802 
 $8,410 
 
    
    
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
    
    
 
    
    
Current Liabilities:
    
    
Accounts payable
 $1,007 
 $515 
Deferred revenue
  903 
  1,629 
Accrued expense
  1,130 
  1,312 
Operating lease liabilities, current portion
  421 
  373 
Derivative liabilities
  24,128 
  369 
Note payable, current portion
  918 
   
Total Current Liabilities
  28,507 
  4,198 
 
    
    
Other long-term liabilities
  65 
  118 
Note payable, net of current portion
  653 
   
Lease liabilities, net of current portion
  1,297 
  1,716 
Pension obligation
  2,531 
  2,256 
Total Liabilities
  33,053 
  8,288 
 
    
    
Mezzanine Equity:
    
    
Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, designated 1,000 shares, 0 and 1,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; liquidation preference $0 and $10,000 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
   
  8,884 
Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, designated
    
    
26,000 shares, 22,863 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; liquidation preference $22,863 and $0 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
  1,572 
   
 
    
    
Shareholders’ Deficit:
    
    
Preferred stock, authorized 5,000,000 shares:
    
    
Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; designated 38,000 shares, 37,467 shares issued and 14,911 and 37,467 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively; liquidation preference $14,911 and $37,467 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
   
   
Series A-1 Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; designated 38,000 shares, 37,467 shares issued and 14,782 and 0 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively; liquidation preference $14,782 and $0 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
   
   
Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; designated 750,000 shares, 389,400 shares issued and 239,400 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively; liquidation preference $607 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
  2 
  2 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 180,096,317 and 113,353,176 shares issued at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 180,089,613 shares and 113,346,472 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
  1,801 
  1,133 
Additional paid-in capital
  193,652 
  195,079 
Treasury stock, at cost 6,704 shares
  (64)
  (64)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  (1,989)
  (1,741)
Accumulated deficit
  (213,225)
  (203,171)
Total Shareholders’ Deficit
  (19,823)
  (8,762)
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Shareholders’ Deficit
 $14,802 
 $8,410 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSSOPERATIONS
(In thousands)thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 $(12,550)
 $(10,069)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
    
    
Reduction (increase) in additional minimum pension liability
  209 
  (15)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  27 
  (106)
Comprehensive loss
 $(12,314)
 $(10,190)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
 $2,231 
 $923 
Maintenance
  2,554 
  2,583 
 
  4,785 
  3,506 
Cost of revenue:
    
    
Product
  800 
  218 
Maintenance
  448 
  425 
Gross profit
  3,537 
  2,863 
 
    
    
Operating expense:
    
    
General and administrative
  4,102 
  3,614 
Sales and marketing
  2,936 
  3,937 
Research and development
  5,706 
  7,488 
Depreciation and amortization
  72 
  71 
 
  12,816 
  15,110 
Loss from operations
  (9,279)
  (12,247)
 
    
    
Interest (income) expense, net
  102 
  (90)
Gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities
  (2,252)
  (696)
Other components of net periodic pension expense
  115 
  109 
Other expense
  2 
  1 
Loss before income taxes
  (7,246)
  (11,571)
 
    
    
Income tax expense
  7 
  10 
Net loss
 $(7,253)
 $(11,581)
Preferred dividends, deemed dividends and accretion
  (3,695
  (5,670)
Net loss available to common shareholders
 $(10,948
 $(17,251)
 
    
    
Basic and diluted loss per common share — see Note 2:
    
    
Basic and diluted loss per share available to common shareholders
 $(0.08
 $(0.17)
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
  133,346,309 
  104,372,048 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 (In thousands, except share amounts)(In thousands)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 $(7,253)
 $(11,581)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
    
    
Increase in additional minimum pension liability
  (97)
  (312)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  (151)
  (1)
Comprehensive loss
 $(7,501)
 $(11,894)
 
 
Series A Convertible, Redeemable
 
 
Series B Convertible, Redeemable
 
 
Series E Convertible
 
 
Series F Convertible
 
 
Series G Convertible
 
 Common 
 Treasury 
 Additional
 
 
Accumulated Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
  Stock
 
 
  Stock
 
 
Paid-In
 
 
Comprehensive
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Capital
 
 
Loss
 
 
Deficit
 
 
Total
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
  - 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  12,000 
 $- 
  2,000 
 $- 
  6,021 
 $- 
  91,853,499 
 $917 
  (6,704)
 $(64)
 $156,195 
 $(1,543)
 $(156,767)
 $(1,260)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock for cash, net of issuance costs
  11,000 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  10,937 
  - 
  - 
  10,937 
Issuance of Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock in exchange for preferred shares
  20,021 
     -
  - 
  - 
  (12,000)
  - 
  (2,000)
  - 
  (6,021)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,245 
  - 
  (1,245)
  - 
Issuance of common stock warrants as compensation
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  57 
  - 
  - 
  57 
Issuance of Common Stock pursuant to option exercises
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  369,004 
  4 
  - 
  - 
  255 
  - 
  - 
  259 
Recognition of beneficial conversion feature on convertible debt
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  302 
  - 
  - 
  302 
Stock-based compensation expense
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,094 
  - 
  - 
  1,094 
Additional minimum pension liability
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  (15)
  - 
  (15)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  (106)
  - 
  (106)
Dividends on preferred stock
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,952,037 
  20 
  - 
  - 
  2,329 
  - 
  (2,400)
  (51)
Net loss
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
 
     -
 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (10,069)
  (10,069)
Balance at December 31, 2017
  31,021 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  - 
 $- 
  - 
 $- 
  - 
 $- 
  94,174,540 
 $941 
  (6,704)
 $(64)
 $172,414 
 $(1,664)
 $(170,481)
 $1,148 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuance of common stock pursuant to Series A Preferred Stock conversions
  (450)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  391,304 
  4 
  - 
  - 
  (4)
  - 
  - 
  - 
Related Party debt exchange for Series A Preferred Stock
  6,896 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  6,802 
  - 
  - 
  6,802 
Cumulative effect of ASC 606 adoption
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  96 
  96 
Accretion of Series A Preferred Stock discount
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (200)
  - 
  - 
  (200)
Issuance of common stock warrants as compensation
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  26 
  - 
  - 
  26 
Issuance of Common Stock pursuant to option exercises
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  235,852 
  2 
  - 
  - 
  162 
  - 
  - 
  164 
Recognition of beneficial conversion feature on convertible debt
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  30 
  - 
  - 
  30 
Modification of preferred stock
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  92 
  - 
  (92)
  - 
Stock-based compensation expense
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,272 
 ��- 
  - 
  1,272 
Additional minimum pension liability
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
 -
  209 
  - 
  209 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     -
  - 
  - 
  - 
 -
  27 
  - 
  27 
Dividends on preferred stock
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  3,428,640 
  34 
  - 
  - 
  3,536 
  - 
  (3,621)
  (51)
Net loss
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
 
     -
 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (12,550)
  (12,550)
Balance at December 31, 2018
  37,467 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  - 
 $- 
  - 
 $- 
  - 
 $- 
  98,230,336 
 $981 
  (6,704)
 $(64)
 $184,130 
 $(1,428)
 $(186,648)
 $(3,027)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSSHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(In thousands) (In thousands, except share amounts)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Cash flows from operating activities
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Net loss
 $(12,550)
 $(10,069)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
    
    
Depreciation and amortization
  51 
  68 
Amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs
  170 
  209 
Stock-based compensation
  1,272 
  1,094 
Provision for losses on accounts receivable
   
  15 
Gain from sale of trademark
   
  (50)
Reduction in accrued expense from expiration of statute of limitations
   
  (222)
Warrants issued in lieu of cash as compensation for services
  26 
  57 
Loss from change in fair value of derivative liabilities
  232
   
Change in assets and liabilities
    
    
Accounts receivable
  (414)
  (186)
Inventory
  50 
  (56)
Other assets
  (229)
  (40)
Accounts payable
  221
  32 
Accrued expense
  600 
  359 
Deferred revenue
  200
 
  (29)
Pension obligation
  61 
  115 
Total adjustments
  2,240
 
  1,366 
 
    
    
Net cash used by operating activities
  (10,310)
  (8,703)
 
    
    
Cash flows from investing activities
    
    
Purchase of property and equipment
  (240)
  (5)
 Proceeds from sale of trademark
   
  50 
Net cash provided by (used by) investing activities
  (240)
  45 
 
    
    
Cash flows from financing activities
    
    
Proceeds from line of credit
   
  3,350 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
  162
 
  259 
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs
  8,789 
  10,937 
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders
  (51)
  (51)
 
    
    
Net cash provided by financing activities
  8,900
 
  14,495 
 
    
    
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
  27 
  (106)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  (1,623)
  5,731 
        Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
  7,317 
  1,586 
        Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 $5,694 
 $7,317 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
    
    
        Cash paid for interest
 $ 
 $ 
        Cash paid for income taxes
 $ 
 $ 
Summary of non-cash investing and financing activities:
    
    
Exchange of related party indebtedness for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
 $6,802 
 $ 
Beneficial conversion feature of related party lines of credit
 $30 
 $302 
Stock dividends on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
 $3,251 
 $923
 
Stock dividends on Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $319 
 $ 
Stock dividends on Series E, Series F and Series G Convertible Preferred Stocks
 $ 
 $1,426
 
Conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock
 $4 
 $ 
Recognition of derivative liabilities on preferred stock issuance
 $833
 $ 
Deemed dividend on preferred stock modification
 $92 
 $ 
Accretion of discount on Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $200 
 $ 
Reduction (increase) in additional minimum pension liability
 $209 
 $(15)
Preferred stock exchange
 $ 
 $1,245 
 
 
Series A
 
 
Series A-1
 
 
Series B
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible,
 
 
Convertible,
 
 
Convertible,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Additional
 
 
 Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
 Common Stock
 
 
 Treasury Stock
 
 
 Paid-In
 
 
 Comprehensive
 
 
 Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
 Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
 Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
 Capital
 
 
 Loss
 
 
 Deficit
 
 
 Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2019
  37,467 
 $- 
  - 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  113,353,176 
 $1,133 
  (6,704)
 $(64)
 $195,079 
 $(1,741)
 $(203,171)
 $(8,762)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Accretion of Preferred Stock discount
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (2,688)
  - 
  - 
  (2,688)
Issuance of common stock net of financing costs
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  15,700,000 
  157 
  - 
  - 
  2,103 
  - 
  - 
  2,260 
Stock-based compensation expense and issuance of Restricted Stock Units
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,883,248 
  19 
  - 
  - 
  843 
  - 
  - 
  862 
Issuance of common stock for financing facility
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  2,500,000 
  25 
  - 
  - 
  375 
  - 
  - 
  400 
Modification of Series A Preferred Stock from issuance of Series A-1 Preferred Stock
  (18,828)
  - 
  18,828 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,849 
  - 
  - 
  1,849 
Conversion of Series A Preferred to Common Stock
  (3,728)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  18,640,000 
  186 
  - 
  - 
  (186)
  - 
  - 
  - 
Conversion of Series A-1 Preferred to Common Stock
  - 
  - 
  (4,046)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  19,016,452 
  190 
  - 
  - 
  (190)
  - 
  - 
  - 
Dividends on Series B preferred stock, $(0.21)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (51)
  (51)
Additional minimum pension liability
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (97)
  - 
  (97)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (151)
  - 
  (151)
Dividends on Series A preferred stock, $256.89/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,388,876 
  14 
  - 
  - 
  104 
  - 
  (1,967)
  (1,849
Dividends on Series A-1 preferred stock, $867.20/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,159,416 
  12 
  - 
  - 
  81 
  - 
  (93)
  - 
Dividends on Series C preferred stock, $(1,422.31)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  6,455,149 
  65 
  - 
  - 
  625 
  - 
  (690)
  - 
Dividends on Series D preferred stock, $(45.70)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (142)
  - 
  - 
  (142)
Deemed dividend from issuance of Series D preferred stock $(1859.80)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (4,201)
  - 
  - 
  (4,201)
Net loss
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (7,253)
  (7,253)
Balance at December 31, 2020
  14,911 
 $- 
  14,782 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  180,096,317 
 $1,801 
  (6,704)
 $(64)
 $193,652 
 $(1,989)
 $(213,225)
 $(19,823)
 
 
Series A Convertible,
Redeemable Preferred
 
 
Series B Convertible,
Redeemable Preferred
 
 
 Common Stock
 
 
 Treasury Stock
 
 
  Additional Paid-In
 
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive 
 Accumulated 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
 Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
 Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
 Capital
 
 
 Loss
 
 
 Deficit
 
 
 Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2018
  37,467 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  98,230,336 
 $981 
  (6,704)
 $(64)
 $184,130 
 $(1,428)
 $(186,648)
 $(3,027)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Accretion of Preferred Stock discount
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (728)
  - 
  - 
  (728)
Issuance of common stock net of financing costs
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  5,954,545 
  60 
  - 
  - 
  6,060 
  - 
  - 
  6,120 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to option exercises
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  351,334 
  4 
  - 
  - 
  162 
  - 
  - 
  166 
Stock-based compensation expense
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  643 
  - 
  - 
  643 
Warrants issued in lieu of cash as compensation for services
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  9 
  - 
  - 
  9 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (1)
  - 
  (1)
Additional minimum pension liability
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (312)
  - 
  (312)
Dividends on Series A preferred stock, $(103.03)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  6,959,523 
  70 
  - 
  - 
  3,791 
  - 
  (3,861)
  - 
Dividends on Series B preferred stock, $(0.21)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (51)
  (51)
Dividends on Series C preferred stock, $(1,030.28)/share
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,857,438 
  18 
  - 
  - 
  1,012 
  - 
  (1,030)
  - 
Net loss
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (11,581)
  (11,581)
Balance at December 31, 2019
  37,467 
 $- 
  239,400 
 $2 
  113,353,176 
 $1,133 
  (6,704
 $(64)
 $195,079 
 $(1,741)
 $(203,171)
 $(8,762)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS,SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Cash flows from operating activities
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Net loss
 $(7,253)
 $(11,581)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
    
    
Depreciation and amortization
  72 
  71 
Stock-based compensation
  862 
  643 
Warrants issued in lieu of cash as compensation for services
   
  9 
Application of rent deposit in lieu of cash payments
  124 
   
Gain from change in fair value of derivative liabilities
  (2,252)
  (696)
Change in assets and liabilities
    
    
Accounts receivable
  81 
  311 
Inventory
  576 
  (586)
Other assets
  33 
  66 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
  (20)
  168 
Accounts payable
  491 
  (162)
Accrued expense
  (175)
  37 
Deferred revenue
  (726)
  415 
Contract costs
   
  (29)
Pension obligation
  178 
  67 
Total adjustments
  (756)
  314 
 
    
    
Net cash used by operating activities
  (8,009)
  (11,267)
 
    
    
Cash flows from investing activities
    
    
Purchase of property and equipment
   
  (31)
Net cash used by investing activities
   
  (31)
 
    
    
Cash flows from financing activities
    
    
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
  2,296 
  6,520 
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable
  4,658 
   
Repayment of notes payable
  (575)
   
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
   
  166 
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs
  9,147 
   
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders
  (51)
  (51)
 
    
    
Net cash provided by financing activities
  15,475 
  6,635 
 
    
    
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
  (151)
  (1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  7,315 
  (4,664)
        Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
  1,030 
  5,694 
        Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 $8,345 
 $1,030 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
    
    
        Cash paid for interest
 $52 
 $ 
        Cash paid for income taxes
 $ 
 $ 
Summary of non-cash investing and financing activities:
    
    
Issuance of common stock for financing facility
 $400 
 $ 
Stock dividends on Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $1,849 
 $3,861 
Stock dividends on Series A-1 Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $93 
 $ 
Stock dividends on Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $690 
 $1,030 
Stock dividends on Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $142 
 $ 
Recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets from adoption of ASC 842
 $ 
 $2,265 
Recognition of lease liabilities of ASC 842
 $ 
 $(2,280)
Conversion of Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock into Common Stock
 $190 
 $ 
Conversion of Series A-1 Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock into Common Stock
 $186 
 $ 
Conversion of bridge loan into Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $2,187 
 $ 
Conversion of related party notes payable and accrued interest into Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $334 
 $ 
Recognition of derivative liabilities on preferred stock issuance
 $26,011 
 $ 
Deemed dividend from holder on preferred stock extinguishment and modification
 $6,136 
 $ 
Exchange of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock for Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $10,000 
 $ 
Accretion of discount on Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $1,116 
 $728 
Accretion of discount on Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 $1,572 
 $ 
Reduction in additional minimum pension liability
 $97 
 $312 
Accrued financing costs
 $ 
 $400 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 20182020 AND 20172019
 
1.  DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS
 
Overview
 
As used in this Quarterly Report, “we,” “us,” “our,”“we”, “us”, “our”, “ImageWare”, “ImageWare” “ImageWare Systems,” Systems” or the “Company” or “our Company” refers to ImageWare Systems, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. ImageWare Systems, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Delaware. The Company is a pioneer and leader in the emerging market for biometrically enabled software-based identity management solutions. Using those human characteristics that are unique to us all, the Company creates software that provides a highly reliable indication of a person’s identity. The Company’s “flagship” product is the patented IWS Biometric Engine®. The Company’s products are used to manage and issue secure credentials, including national IDs, passports, driver licenses and access control credentials. The Company’s products also provide law enforcement with integrated mug shot, fingerprint LiveScan and investigative capabilities. The Company also provides comprehensive authentication security software using biometrics to secure physical and logical access to facilities or computer networks or internet sites. Biometric technology is now an integral part of all markets the Company addresses, and all the products are integrated into the IWS Biometric Engine. 
 
Recent Developments
Creation of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
On September 10, 2018, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, designating 1,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred”), each share with a stated value of $10,000 per share.
Series C Financing
From September 10, 2018 through September 21, 2018, the Company offered and sold an aggregate of 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share (the “Series C Financing”). The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Series C Financing were approximately $10,000,000. Issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the Series C Financing were approximately $1,211,000, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $8,789,000.
Amendment to Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On September 10, 2018, the Company filed an Amendment to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, to increase the number of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series A Preferred”), authorized for issuance thereunder to 38,000 shares, in order to permit the Debt Exchange (as defined below).
Debt Exchange
On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into exchange agreements (the “Exchange Agreements”) with Neal Goldman and Charles Crocker, pursuant to which Messrs. Goldman and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owed under the terms of their respective lines of credit for an aggregate of 6,896 shares of Series A Preferred (the “DebtExchange”). As a result of the Debt Exchange, all indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations arising under the respective lines of credit were cancelled and deemed satisfied in full. Messrs. Goldman and Crocker are members of the Company’s Board of Directors and related parties.
Declaration of Special Dividend
Concurrently with the Series C Financing, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend (the “Special Dividend”) for holders of the Series A Preferred (each a “Holder”), pursuant to which each Holder received a warrant (“Dividend Warrant”) to purchase 39.87 shares of Company Common Stock for every share of Series A Preferred held, which resulted in the issuance of Dividend Warrants to the Holders as a group to purchase an aggregate of 1,493,856 shares of Common Stock. Each Dividend Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and is exercisable immediately upon issuance; provided, however, that a Dividend Warrant may only be exercised concurrently with the conversion of shares of Series A Preferred held by a Holder into shares of Common Stock. In addition, each Dividend Warrant held by a Holder shall expire on the earliest to occur of (i) the conversion of all Series A Preferred held by such Holder into Common Stock, (ii) the redemption by the Company of all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred held by such Holder, (iii) the Dividend Warrant no longer representing the right to purchase any shares of Common Stock, and (iv) the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance. 
Liquidity, Going Concern and Management’s Plan
 
Historically, our principal sources of cash have included customer payments from the sale of our products, proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock and proceeds from the issuance of debt, including our Lines of Credit (defined below).debt. Our principal uses of cash have included cash used in operations, product development, and payments relating to purchases of property and equipment. We expect that our principal uses of cash in the future will be for product development, including customization of identity management products for enterprise and consumer applications, further development of intellectual property, development of Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) capabilities for existing products as well as general working capital and capital expenditure requirements. Management expects that, as our revenue grows, our sales and marketing and research and development expense will continue to grow, albeit at a slower rate and, as a result, we will need to generate significant net revenue to achieve and sustain incomepositive cash flows from operations. Historically the Company has not been able to generate sufficient net revenue to achieve and sustain positive cash flows from operations and management has determined that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
 
At December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, we had positivenegative working capital of approximately $3,078,000, as compared to a$19,349,000 and $1,653,000, respectively.Included in our negative working capital deficitas of approximately $415,000 at December 31, 2017. Our principal sources2020 are $24,128,000 of liquidityderivative liabilities which are not required to be settled in cash except in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control or at any time after the fourth anniversary of the Series D Preferred issuance, at which time the holders of the Series D Preferred may require the Company to redeem in cash any or all of the holder’s outstanding Series D Preferred at an amount equal to the Series D Liquidation Preference Amount. At December 31, 2018 consisted2020 the Liquidation Preference Amount totaled $22,863,000.

 
Considering the financings consummated in 2020, as well as our projected cash requirements, and assuming we are unable to generate incremental revenue, our available cash maywill be insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements for the next 12twelve months from the date of this filing. These factors raiseAt March 26, 2021, cash on hand approximated $5,178,000. Based on the Company’s rate of cash consumption in the first quarter of 2021 and the last quarter of 2020, the Company estimates it will need additional capital in the third quarter of 2021 and its prospects for obtaining that capital are uncertain. As a result of the Company’s historical losses and financial condition, there is substantial doubt about ourthe Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
To address our working capital requirements, management has begun instituting several cost cutting measures and may seek additional equity and/or debt financing through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity securities or may seek strategic or other transactions intended to increase shareholder value. Theresecurities. Other than the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, there are currently no formal committed financing arrangements to support our projected cash shortfall, including commitments to purchase additional debt and/or equity securities, or other agreements, and no assurances can be given that we will be successful in raising additional debt and/or equity securities, or entering into any other transaction that addresses our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
In view of the matters described in the preceding paragraph, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which, in turn, is dependent upon the Company’s ability to continue to raise capital and generate positive cash flows from operations. However, the Company operates in markets that are emerging and highly competitive. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional capital, operate at a profit or generate positive cash flows in the future. Therefore, management’s plans do not alleviate the substantial doubt of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
 
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concernconcern.
F-11
 
2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements are prepared under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 105-10, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries are: XImage Corporation, a California Corporation; ImageWare Systems ID Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (formerly Imaging Technology Corporation); I.W. Systems Canada Company, a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company; ImageWare Digital Photography Systems, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (formerly Castleworks LLC); Digital Imaging International GmbH, a company formed under German laws; and Image Ware Mexico S de RL de CV, a company formed under Mexican laws. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
 
Operating Cycle
 
Assets and liabilities related to long-term contracts are included in current assets and current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, although they will be liquidated in the normal course of contract completion which may take more than one operating cycle.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the evaluation of our ability to continue as a going concern, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, recoverability of goodwill, assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of share basedshare-based payments, fair value of Series D Preferred and financial instruments issued with and affected by the Series CD Preferred Financing (defined above)below), fair value of Exchangedfinancial instruments with and affected by the Series C Preferred (defined below), fair value of Series A Preferred (defined below), fair value of Series A-1 Preferred (defined below), assumptions used in the application of revenue recognition policies, assumptions used in the derivation of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate used in the computation of the Company’s operating lease liabilities and assumptions used in the application of fair value methodologies to calculate the fair value of pension assets and obligations. Actual results could differ from estimates.
 
 
 
F-10F-12
 
Accounts Receivable
 
In the normal course of business, the Company extends credit without collateral requirements to its customers that satisfy pre-defined credit criteria. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are considered delinquent when the due date on the invoice has passed. The Company records its allowance for doubtful accounts based upon its assessment of various factors. The Company considers historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, the credit quality of its customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay to determine the level of allowance required. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when all collection efforts by the Company have been unsuccessful.
 
Inventories
 
Finished goods inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined using the average cost method, or net realizable value. See Note 6.
 
Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
 
Property and equipment, consisting of furniture and equipment, are stated at cost and are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which generally range from three to five years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major renewals or improvements are capitalized. When assets are sold or abandoned, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized. Expenditures for leasehold improvements are capitalized. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements.
  
Revenue Recognition. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method.Recognition
 
In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
 
The core principle of the standard is that we should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following five step model:
 
1.
Identify the contract with the customer;
 
2.
Identify the performance obligation in the contract;
 
3.
Determine the transaction price;
 
4.
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 
5.
Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
 
At contract inception, we assess the goods and services promised in a contract with a customer and identify as a performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either: (i) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or (ii) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. We recognize revenue only when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.
 
Determining the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations as well as the transaction price and the amounts allocated to performance obligations requires judgement.
 
We disclose disaggregation of our customer revenue by classes of similar products and services as follows:
 
Software licensing and royalties;
 
Computer hardware and identification media;
 
Services; and
 
Post-contract customer support.
 
Software licensing and royalties
 
Software licenses consist of revenue from the sale of software for identity management applications. Our software licenses are functional intellectual property and typically provide customers with the right to use our software in perpetuity as it exists when made available to the customer. We recognize revenue from software licensing at a point in time upon delivery, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
Royalties consist of revenue from usage-based arrangements and guaranteed minimum-based arrangements. We recognize revenue for royalty arrangements at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied.
 
Computer hardware and identification media
 
We generate revenue from the sale of computer hardware and identification media. Revenue for these items is recognized upon delivery of these products to the customer, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
Services
 
Services revenue is comprised primarily of software customization services, software integration services, system installation services and customer training. Revenue is generally recognized upon completion of services and customer acceptance provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
Post-contract customer support (“PCS”)
 
Post contract customer support consists of maintenance on software and hardware for our identity management solutions. We recognize PCS revenue from periodic maintenance agreements. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the respective maintenance periods provided no significant obligations remain. Costs related to such contracts are expensed as incurred.
 
Arrangements with multiple performance obligations
 
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. In addition to selling software licenses, hardware and identification media, services and post-contract customer support on a standalone basis, certain contracts include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on our best estimate of the relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for a performance obligation is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The primary methods used to estimate standalone selling price are as follows: (i) the expected cost-plus margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service and (ii) the percent discount off of list price approach.
 
Contract costs
 
We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period is one year or less. At December 31, 2019, we had recorded approximately $118,000 in contract costs relating to capitalized commissions. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized approximately $53,000 and $18,000, respectively, of capitalized contract costs as expense. Such expense is included as a component of operating expense and is included under the caption “Sales and marketing” in our consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. We recorded no additional capitalized contract costs in the year ended December 31, 2020. We recognized approximately $1,594,000 of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 that was related to contract costs at the beginning of the period.
 
Other items
 
We do not offer rights of return for our products and services in the normal course of business.
 
Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenue.
 
The adoption of ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 resulted in a cumulative positive adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit and accounts receivable of approximately $96,000. The following table sets forth our disaggregated revenue for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017:2019:
 
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Net Revenue
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and royalties
 $1,334 
 $1,248 
 $872 
 $489 
Hardware and consumables
  133 
  94 
  84 
  96 
Services
  294 
  272 
  1,275 
  338 
Maintenance
  2,643 
  2,679 
  2,554 
  2,583 
Total net revenue
 $4,404 
 $4,293 
 $4,785 
 $3,506 
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expense, and deferred revenue, and lines of credit payable to related parties, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.
  
Lease Liabilities and Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets

The Company is a party to certain contractual arrangements for office space which meet the definition of leases under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842 – Leases (“ASC 842”). In accordance with ASC 842, the Company has determined that such arrangements are operating leases and accordingly the Company has, as of January 1, 2019, recorded operating lease right-of-use assets and related lease liability for the present value of the lease payments over the lease terms using the Company’s estimated weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of approximately 14.5%. The Company has utilized the practical expedient regarding lease and nonlease components and has combined such items into a single combined component. The Company has also utilized the practical expedient regarding leases of twelve months or less and has excluded such leases from its computation of lease liability and related right-of-use assets. The Company has also elected the optional transition package of practical expedients which include:
 A package of practical expedient to not reassess:
Whether a contract is or contains a lease
Lease classification
Initial direct costs
Goodwill
 
The Company accounts for its intangible assets under the provisions of ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.” In accordance with ASC 350, intangible assets with a definite life are analyzed for impairment under ASC 360-10-05 “Property, Plant and Equipment” and intangible assets with an indefinite life are analyzed for impairment under ASC 360 annually, or more oftenfrequently if events or circumstances dictate.indicate a need, tests the carrying amount of goodwill for impairment. The Company performs its annual goodwillsimplified impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year, or if required, at the end of each fiscal quarter.year. In December 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles“Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill ImpairmentImpairment.. The provisions of ASU 2017-04 eliminate the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit'sunit’s carrying amount over its fair value. Entities that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts, will no longer be required to perform a qualitative assessment assuming they pass the simplified impairment test. The adoptionCompany continues to have only one reporting unit, Identity Management, which at December 31, 2020, had a negative carrying amount of this ASU did not have a material effectapproximately $19,823,000. Based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or results of operations. the Company’s impairment testing, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
 
The Company did not record any goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2018 or 2017.
Intangible and Long-Lived Assets
 
Intangible assets are carried at their cost less any accumulated amortization.  Any costs incurred to renew or extend the life of an intangible or long-lived asset are reviewed for capitalization. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their net book value may not be recoverable. When such factors and circumstances exist, the Company compares the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amount. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, based on market value when available, or discounted expected cash flows, of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. TheAs of December 31, 2020, and through the date of this Annual Report, the Company’s management currently believes there is no impairment of its long-lived assets. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions will not change or demand for the Company’s products under development will continue. Either of these could result in future impairment of long-lived assets.
Derivative Liabilities
The Company accounts for its derivative instruments under the provisions of ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Under the provisions of ASC 815, the Company identified embedded features within the Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred host contracts that qualify as derivative instruments and require bifurcation.
The Company determined that the conversion option, redemption option and participating dividend feature contained in the Series C Preferred host instrument required bifurcation. The Company valued the bifurcatable features at fair value. Such liabilities aggregated approximately $833,000 at inception and are classified as current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Derivative liabilities”. The Company will revalue these features at each balance sheet date and record any change in fair value in the determination of period net income or loss. Due to the exchange of all outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock into shares of Series D Preferred Stock, the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities contained in the Series C host instrument was $0 at the date of exchange. The change in fair value of such amounts are recorded in the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For the period January 1, 2020 through the November 12, 2020 date of exchange, the Company recorded a decrease to these derivative liabilities using fair value methodologies of approximately $369,000. As a result of this decrease, such liabilities aggregated approximately $0 at their November 12, 2020 date of exchange. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a decrease to these derivative liabilities using fair value methodologies of approximately $696,000. As a result of this decrease, such liabilities aggregated approximately $369,000 at December 31, 2019. 
The Company determined that the conversion option, redemption option and participating dividend feature contained in the Series D Preferred host instrument required bifurcation. The Company valued the bifurcatable features at fair value. Such liabilities aggregated approximately $26,011,000 at inception and are classified as current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Derivative liabilities”. The excess of the derivative fair value over the carrying amount of the Series D Preferred was recorded as a deemed dividend of approximately $4,201,000. The Series D Preferred financing was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors to provide for an immediate need of capital, to allow the Company to continue as a going concern and to execute the Company’s business plan after consultation with several of the Company’s largest shareholders and a review of financing alternatives. The Company will revalue these features at each balance sheet date and record any change in fair value in the determination of period net income or loss. The change in fair value of such amounts are recorded in the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a decrease to its derivative liabilities using fair value methodologies of approximately $2,252,000 ($369,000 relating to Series C embedded derivatives and $1,883,000 related to Series D embedded derivatives) . As a result of this decrease, such liabilities aggregated approximately $24,128,000 at December 31, 2020.


Modification of Preferred Stock
The following Preferred Stock modifications were consummated in connection with the Series D Financing:
Series C Preferred Stock Exchange into Series D Preferred Stock
Series A Preferred Stock Modification
Series A-1 Preferred Stock Modification
The Company is required to analyze preferred stock modifications to determine the proper method of accounting to apply to properly record and reflect the transactions. While guidance exists in ASC 470-50 to address the accounting for debt modifications, including preferred stock that is accounted for as a liability, there is no comparable guidance to address the accounting for modifications to preferred stock instruments that are accounted for as equity or temporary equity, which necessitates the subjective determination of whether a modification or exchange represents an extinguishment. Current accounting guidance permits the analysis of preferred stock modifications by using either the qualitative approach, the fair value approach or the cash flow approach. Due to the nature of the preferred stock modifications that the Company consummated in 2020, the Company determined that the fair value approach was the most appropriate methodology.
 
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and at times during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019, exceeded the FDIC insurance limits of $250,000. Sales are typically made on credit and the Company generally does not require collateral. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company considers historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, the credit quality of its customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay to determine the level of allowance required. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $0$5,000 and $15,000$7,000 at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 one customer2020, two customers accounted for approximately 36%61% or $1,573,000$2,921,000 of total revenue and had trade receivables of approximately $0$250,000 as of the end of the year.  For the year ended December 31, 2017 one customer2019, two customers accounted for approximately 25%37% or $1,089,000$1,301,000 of total revenue and had trade receivables of approximately $201,000$161,000 as of the end of the year.
  
Stock-Based Compensation
 
At December 31, 2018,2020, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan for employees and nonemployee directors, which authorizeauthorizes the granting of various equity-based incentives including stock options and restricted stock.
 
The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, consistent with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation. The fair value of stock options granted is recognized to expense over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense is reported in operating expense based upon the departments to which substantially all of the associated employees report and credited to additional paid-in-capital. Stock-based compensation expense related to equity options was approximately $1,272,000 and $1,094,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
 
ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life, and interest rates. The Company is required to make various assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company has determined that the best measure of expected volatility is based on the historical weekly volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. Historical volatility factors utilized in the Company’s Black-Scholes computations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 ranged from 57% to 64%83%. The Company has elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the SEC approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The expected term used by the Company during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was 5.17 years. The difference between the actual historical expected life and the simplified method was immaterial. The interest rate used is the risk-free interest rate and is based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term. Interest rates used in the Company’s Black-Scholes calculations for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 averaged 2.58%. Dividend yield is zero as the Company does not expect to declare any dividends on the Company’s common shares in the foreseeable future.
 
In addition to the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the estimated forfeiture rate at the time of valuation is a critical assumption. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-09 and will continue to use an estimated annualized forfeiture rate of approximately 0%5.0% for corporate officers, 4.1% for members of the Board of Directors and 6.0%15.0% for all other employees. The Company reviews the expected forfeiture rate annually to determine if that percent is still reasonable based on historical experience.
 
Restricted stock units are recorded at the grant date fair value with corresponding compensation expense recorded ratably over the requisite service period.
 
Stock-based compensation expense related to equity options was approximately $862,000 and $643,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Income Taxes
 
CurrentThe Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740,Accounting for Income Taxes, (ASC 740).Current income tax expense or benefit is the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. A deferred income tax asset or liability is computed for the expected future impact of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax credits and loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
   ASC 740 requires a company to first determine whether it is more-likely-than-not (defined as a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits as of the reporting date, assuming that taxing authorities will examine the position and have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets this more-likely-than-not threshold is then measured and recognized at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized upon effective settlement with a taxing authority.  The amount accrued for uncertain tax positions was $0 at December 31, 2020 and 2019.
   The Company’s uncertain tax position relative to unrecognized tax benefits and any potential increase in these liabilities relates primarily to the allocations of revenue and costs among the Company’s global operations and the impact of tax rulings made during the period affecting its tax positions. The Company’s existing tax positions could result in liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.
   Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the Company’s provision for income taxes. No assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company adjusts these items in light of changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using the foreign subsidiary’s local currency as the functional currency. Revenue and expense of such subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars at weighted-average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Assets and liabilities have been translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are recorded directly as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, unless there is a sale or complete liquidation of the underlying foreign investments. The Company translates foreign currencies of its German, Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries. The cumulative translation adjustment, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, increaseddecreased approximately $27,000$151,000 and $1,000 for the yearyears ended December 31, 2018,2020 and decreased approximately $106,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.
F-14
2019, respectively.
 
Comprehensive Loss
 
Comprehensive loss consists of net gains and losses affecting shareholders’ equity (deficit)deficit that, under generally accepted accounting principles, are excluded from net loss. For the Company, the only items are the cumulative translation adjustment and the additional minimum liability related to the Company’s defined benefit pension plan, recognized pursuant to ASC 715-30, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans – Pension.
 
Advertising Costs
 
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. The Company incurred approximately $5,000 in advertising expense during the yearyears ended December 31, 2018,2020 and $45,000 in advertising expense during the year ended December 31, 2017.2019.
 
Loss Per Share
 
Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted to include, if dilutive, potential dilutive shares consisting of convertible preferred stock, convertible notes payable,lines of credit, stock options and warrants, calculated using the treasury stock and if-converted methods.  For diluted loss per share calculation purposes, the net loss available to common shareholders is adjusted to add back any preferred stock dividends in the consolidated statementstatements of operations for the respective periods.
 
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Numerator for basic and diluted loss per share:
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Net loss
 $(12,550)
 $(10,069)
 $(7,253
 $(11,581)
Preferred dividends, deemed dividends and accretion
  (3,913)
  (2,400)
  (3,695
  (5,670)
Preferred stock exchange
   
  (1,245)
Net loss available to common shareholders
 $(16,463)
 $(13,714)
 $(10,948
 $(17,251)
    
    
Denominator for basic loss per share — weighted-average shares outstanding
  95,210,572 
  92,816,723 
Effect of dilutive securities
   
Denominator for diluted loss per share — weighted-average shares outstanding
  95,210,572 
  92,816,723 
    
Basic and diluted loss per share:
    
Net loss
 $(0.13)
 $(0.11)
Preferred dividends, deemed dividends and accretion
  (0.04)
  (0.03)
Preferred stock exchange
   
  (0.01)
Net loss available to common shareholders
 $(0.17)
 $(0.15)
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share — weighted-average shares outstanding
  133,346,309 
  104,372,048 
Basic and diluted loss per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss available to common shareholders
 $  (0.08)
 $(0.17)
   
 The following potential dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding as their effect would have been antidilutive:
 
Potential Dilutive Securities:
 
Common Share Equivalents at December 31, 2018
 
 
Common Share Equivalents at December 31, 2017
 
 
Common Share Equivalents at
December 31, 2020
 
 
Common Share Equivalents at
December 31, 2019
 
Convertible lines of credit
   
  5,221,964 
Convertible redeemable preferred stock – Series A
  32,580,000 
  26,974,783 
  74,555,000 
  32,580,000 
Convertible redeemable preferred stock – Series A-1
  73,910,000 
   
Convertible redeemable preferred stock – Series B
  46,029 
  46,029 
Convertible redeemable preferred stock – Series C
  10,000,000 
   
   
  10,000,000 
Convertible redeemable preferred stock – Series D
  392,166,023 
   
Stock options
  7,227,248 
  6,093,512 
  2,585,500 
  7,204,672 
Restricted stock units (RSUs)
  845,106 
   
Warrants
  1,813,856 
  230,000 
  753,775 
  1,733,856 
Total Potential Dilutive Securities
  51,667,133 
  38,566,288 
  544,861,433 
  51,564,557 
 
 
 
F-15F-19
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), or other standard setting bodies, which are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company’s management believes the impact of recently issued standards not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
 
FASB ASU No. 2016-022019-12. In February 2016,December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, (Topic 842):2019-12,LeasesIncome Taxes (Topic 740).” This guidance will result  The amendments in key changesthis update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to lease accountingthe general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and will aim to bring leases onto balance sheets to give investors, lenders,simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and other financial statement users a more comprehensive view of a company’s long-term financial obligations as well as the assets it owns versus leases. The new leasing standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within those fiscal years.Although the Company is in the process of finalizing the impact ofamending existing guidance.  Early adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements, the Company will elect the optional transition method to account for the impact of the adoption with a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption and will not restate prior periods. The Company expects to elect certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance. The Company will record a right-of-use asset and liability upon adoption of the guidance pertaining to its long-term real estate lease for its corporate facilities. The Companyamendments is currently finalizing its review of contracts and may identify additional embedded leases and additional amounts to be recorded.
FASB ASU No. 2016-13. In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-13,Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU No. 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments.permitted.  For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that will replace today’s “incurred loss” model and generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except that the losses will be recognized as an allowance. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU No. 2017-04. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.The amendments of this ASU eliminate step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The amendments of this ASU also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and if it fails that qualitative test, to perform step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. ASU No. 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU in December 2018 as more fully described in Note 4 to these consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU No. 2017-07. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Costissued by the FASB, which requires employers to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item(s) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The adoption of this standard resulted in the reclassification of other components of net periodic pension expense to a separate line item outside loss from operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
FASB ASU No. 2017-11.In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral.” The ASU applies to issuers of financial instruments with down-round features. It amends (1) the classification of such instruments as liabilities or equity by revising the guidance in ASC 815 on the evaluation of whether instruments or embedded features with down-round provisions must be accounted for as derivative instruments and (2) the guidance on recognition and measurement of the value transferred upon the trigger of a down-round feature for equity-classified instruments by revising ASC 260. The ASU is effective for public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other organizations, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU No. 2018-07. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Shared-Based Payment Arrangements with Nonemployees(Topic 505), which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under the ASU, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees will be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. Under the ASU 2018-07, the measurement of equity-classified nonemployee share-based payments will be fixed on the grant date, as defined in ASC 718, and will use the term nonemployee vesting period, rather than requisite service period. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted if financial statements have not yet been issued. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU No. 2018-13. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) —Disclosure Framework —Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). The amendments in this update improve the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard should be applied to all periods presented. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU No. 2018-14. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation —Retirement Benefits —Defined Benefit Plans —General (Subtopic 715-20) —Disclosure Framework —Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” (“ASU 2018-14”). The amendments in this update remove defined benefit plan disclosures that are no longer considered cost-beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard should be applied to all periods presented.  The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 
 
FASB ASU No. 2018-152020-01. In August 2018,January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15,2020-01 “Intangibles —GoodwillInvestments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Other —Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s AccountingJoint  Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)-Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815”, to clarify the interaction of the accounting for Implementation Costs Incurredequity securities under ASC 321 and investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract” (“ASU 2018-15”).ASC 323 and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under ASC 815. With respect to the interactions between ASC 321 and ASC 323, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting when applying the measurement alternative in ASC 321, immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method of accounting. With respect to forward contracts or purchased options to purchase securities, the amendments clarify that when applying the guidance in ASC 815-10-15-141(a), an entity should not consider whether upon the settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option, individually or with existing investments, the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method in ASC 323 or the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825. The amendments in this update align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years endinginterim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019.2020.  Early adoption is permitted.permitted, including adoption in any interim period.  The adoption of this standard iswill not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
ReclassificationsFASB ASU No. 2020-06. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06 “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”. This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument and more convertible preferred stock as a single equity instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for it. The ASU also simplifies the diluted earnings per share (EPS) calculation in certain areas. This ASU is effective for public business entities, excluding entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption will be permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2020-06 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 
 
3.  FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING
 
The Company accounts for fair value measurements in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
 
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:
 
 Level 1Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
   
 Level 2Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
   
 Level 3Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. As required by ASC 820, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2020
 
($ in thousands)
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension assets
 $1,733 
 $ 
 $1,733 
 $1,881 
 $ 
 $1,881 
Totals
 $1,733 
 $ 
 $1,733 
 $1,881 
 $ 
 $1,881 
Liabilities:
    
    
Derivative liabilities
 $1,065 
 $ 
 $1,065 
 $24,128 
 $ 
 $24,128 
Totals
 $1,065 
 $ 
 $1,065 
 $24,128 
 $ 
 $24,128 
  
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2017
 
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2019
 
($ in thousands)
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension assets
 $1,806 
 $ 
 $1,806 
 $1,713 
 $ 
 $1,713 
Totals
 $1,806 
 $ 
 $1,806 
 $1,713 
 $ 
 $1,713 
Liabilities:
    
    
Derivative liabilities
 $ 
 $369 
 $ 
 $369 
Totals
 $ 
 $369 
 $ 
 $369 
 
The Company’s German pension plan is funded by insurance contract policies whereby the insurance company guarantees a fixed minimum return. The Company has determined that the pension assets are more appropriately classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using actuarial valuation methodologies which approximate cash surrender value that cannot be corroborated with observable market data. Accordingly, the Company has reclassified the classification level of the pension plan insurance contracts to Level 3 for all periods presented. Such pension plan insurance contracts were previously classified by the Company as Level 1. All plan assets are managed in a policyholder pool in Germany by outside investment managers. The investment manager is responsible for the investment strategy of the insurance premiums that Company submits and does not hold individual assets per participating employer. The German Federal Financial Supervisory oversees and supervises the insurance contracts.
 
As of December 31, 2018,2020, the Company had embedded features contained in the Series CD Preferred host instrument (issued in September 2018)November 2020) that qualified for derivative liability treatment.  The recorded fair market value of these features was approximately $24,128,000 at December 31, 2018 was approximately $1,065,000, which is reflected2020, and are classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.2020. The fair value of the Company’s derivative liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using pricing models that incorporate management assumptions that cannot be corroborated with observable market data.  The Company uses the lattice framework, Monte-Carlo simulations and other fair value methodologies in the determination of the fair value ofderivative liabilities. Considering the various path dependencies for the Series D Preferred Stock, Monte-Carlo simulations were deemed the most appropriate methodology.
 
As more fully describedAt December 31, 2019, the Company had embedded features contained in Note 14 to these Consolidated Financial Statements, on September 10, 2018, the Company’s Board of directors declared a Dividend Warrant for Holders of Series A Preferred. The Company evaluated this warrant issuance in conjunction with the Series A Preferred becoming junior to the Series C Preferred in liquidation preference and determined such warrants and changes in liquidation preferencehost instrument that qualified for derivative liability treatment. The recorded fair market value of these features was $369,000 at December 31, 2019. Due to be in effect a modificationthe exchange of the Series A Preferred. To determine the effect of this modification, the Company, using fair value methodologies, determinedC Preferred into Series D Preferred, the value of the Series A Preferred both pre and post warrant issuance. The valuation indicated an increase inC derivative liabilities was $0 at December 31, 2020. Such liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value of the Series A Preferred post issuance of approximately $92,000. The Company recorded this incremental increase as a deemed dividend.hierarchy because they were valued using pricing models that incorporate management assumptions that cannot be corroborated with observable data.
 
Some of the aforementioned fair value methodologies are affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding the expected stock price volatility over the term of the derivative liabilities in addition to the probability of future events. Significant assumptions used in the application of fair value methodologies for the Series D Preferred are a risk-free rate of 0.26% to 0.31%, equity volatility of 96.9% to 98.0%, effective life of 4.0 years, and a preferred stock dividend rate of 4.0%. Additionally, management has made certain estimates regarding the timing of potential change of control events.
 
The Company monitors the activity within each level and any changes with the underlying valuation techniques or inputs utilized to recognize if any transfers between levels are necessary.  That determination is made, in part, by working with outside valuation experts for Level 3 instruments and monitoring market related data and other valuation inputs for Level 1 and Level 2 instruments.
 
The reconciliations of Level 3 pension assets measured at fair value in 20182020 and 20172019 are presented below:
 
($ in thousands)
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2020
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
Pension assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value at beginning of year
 $1,806
 
 $1,646 
 $1,713 
 $1,734 
Return on plan assets
  82 
  7 
  92 
  80 
Company contributions and benefits paid, net
  (71)
  (68)
  (82)
  (68)
Effect of rate changes
  (84)
  221
 
  158 
  (33)
Fair value at end of year
 $1,733
 
 $1,806
 
 $1,881 
 $1,713 
 
The reconciliations of Level 3 derivative liabilities measured at fair value in 20182020 and 20172019 are presented below:
 
($ in thousands)
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2017
Derivative liabilities
Fair value at beginning of year
$-
$-
Issuances from Series C Preferred Financing
833
-
Change in fair value included in earnings
232
-
Fair value at end of year
$1,065
$-
($ in thousands)
 
December 31, 2020
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
Derivative liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value at beginning of year
 $369 
 $1,065 
Issuances from Preferred Stock Financing 
  26,011 
  - 
Change in fair value included in earnings
  (2,252)
  (696)
Fair value at end of year
 $24,128 
 $369 
 
4.  INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
 
The carrying amounts of the Company’s patent intangible assets were $82,000$58,000 and $93,000$70,000 as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, which includes accumulated amortization of $577,000$601,000 and $566,000$589,000 as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.  Amortization expense for patent intangible assets was $11,000$12,000 for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. Patent intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their remaining life of approximately 7.55.5 years. There was no impairment of the Company’s intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019.
 
The Company annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a need, tests the carrying amount of goodwill for impairment. The Company performs its annual simplified impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year. In December 2018,2020, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles"Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment"Impairment". The provisions of ASU 2017-04 eliminate the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. Entities that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts, will no longer be required to perform a qualitative assessment assuming they pass the simplified impairment test. The Company continues to have only one reporting unit, Identity Management which, at December 31, 2018,2020, had a negative carrying amount of approximately $3,027,000.$19,823,000. Based on the results of the Company's impairment testing, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019.
 
The estimated acquired intangible amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
 
Estimated Amortization
Expense
($ in thousands)
 
 
Estimated Amortization
Expense
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 $12 
2020
  12 
2021
  12 
 $12 
2022
  12 
  12 
2023
  12 
  12 
2024
  12 
2025
  10 
Thereafter
  22 
  - 
Totals
 $82 
 $58 
  

5.  RELATED PARTIES
 
Outstanding lines of credit consist of the following: Notes Payable
 
($ in thousands)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Lines of Credit with Related Parties
8% convertible lines of credit. Face value of advances under lines of credit $0 and $6,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Discount on advances under lines of credit was $0 at December 31, 2018 and $226 at December 31, 2017. Maturity date was December 31, 2018; however, the lines of credit were terminated on September 10, 2018, as more thoroughly discussed below.
$
$5,774
Total lines of credit to related parties
5,774
Less current portion
(5,774)
Long-term lines of credit to related parties
$
$
Lines of CreditFactoring Agreement
 
In March 2013,On February 12, 2020, the Company and Neal Goldman,entered into a factoring agreement (the "Factoring Agreement") with a former member of the Company’s Board of Directors (“(the "GoldmanFactoring Lender"), entered into. Under the Factoring Agreement, the Company received $350,000 in proceeds (the "Factoring Principal") in the form of a lineloan, bearing interest at a rate of credit (the “Goldman Line1% for every seven days until the Factoring Principal and accrued interest are paid in full, with a maturity date of Credit”) with available borrowings of up to $2.5 million. In March 2014, the Goldman Line of Credit’s borrowing was increased to an aggregate total of $3.5 million (the “Amendment”).4, 2020. Pursuant to the terms and conditionsFactoring Agreement, repayment of the Amendment, Goldman had the right to convert up to $2.5 million of the outstanding balance of the Goldman Line of Credit into sharesFactoring Principal and accrued interest was secured by certain of the Company’s Common Stock for $0.95 per share. Any remaining outstanding balance was convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock for $2.25 per share.
As consideration for the initial Goldman Line of Credit, the Company issued a warrant to Goldman, exercisable for 1,052,632 shares of the Company’s Common Stocktrade accounts receivable approximating $500,000 (the "Line of Credit WarrantFactoring Collateral"). The Line of Credit Warrant had a term of two years from the date of issuance and an exercise price of $0.95 per share. As consideration for entering into the Amendment, the Company issued to Goldman a second warrant, exercisable for 177,778 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Amendment Warrant”). The Amendment Warrant expired on March 27, 2015 and had an exercise price of $2.25 per share.
The Company estimated the fair value of the Line of Credit Warrant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: term of two years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.58%, a dividend yield of 0%, and volatility of 79%. The Company recorded the fair value of the Line of Credit Warrant as a deferred financing fee of approximately $580,000 to be amortized over the life of the Goldman Line of Credit. The Company estimated the fair value of the Amendment Warrant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: term of one year, a risk-free interest rate of 2.58%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 74%. The Company recorded the fair value of the Amendment Warrant as an additional deferred financing fee of approximately $127,000 to be amortized over the life of the Goldman Line of Credit.
During the yearstwelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017,2020, the Company recorded an aggregate of approximately $8,000 and $11,000, respectively$45,000 in deferred financing fee amortization expense which is recorded as a component of interest expense inrelated to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Factoring Agreement. In April 2014,May 2020, the Company and Goldman entered into a further amendmentrepaid $35,000 in accrued interest to the Goldman Line of CreditFactoring Lender. As a condition to decrease the available borrowings to $3.0 million (the “Second Amendment”). Contemporaneous with the executionconsummation of the Second Amendment,Company's offer and sale (the "Closing") of shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 ("Series D Preferred") (the "Series D Financing"), the Factoring Lender agreed to settle the entire Factoring Principal plus accrued interest and release the Company entered intofrom liabilities due under the Factoring Agreement in exchange for a new unsecured lineone-time payment of credit with Charles Crocker, a member$360,000 (the "Factoring Settlement") to be made upon the Closing, and out of the Company’s Board of Directors (“Crocker”), with available borrowings of up to $500,000 (the “Crocker LOC”), which amount was convertible into sharesproceeds, of the Company’s Common Stock for $2.25 per share. As a result of these amendments, total available borrowingsSeries D Financing. On November 16, 2020, the Company fulfilled its obligation under the lines of credit available toFactoring Settlement, thereby releasing it from its obligation under the Company remained unchanged an aggregate of $3.5 million. In connection with the Second Amendment, Goldman assigned and transferred to Crocker one-half of the Amendment Warrant.
In December 2014, the Company and Goldman entered into a further amendment to the Goldman Line of Credit to increase the available borrowing to $5.0 million and extend the maturity date of the Goldman Line of Credit to March 27, 2017 (the “Third Amendment”). Also, as a result of the Third Amendment, Goldman had the right to convert up to $2.5 million of outstanding principal, plus any accrued but unpaid interest (“Outstanding Balance”) into shares of the Company’s Common Stock for $0.95 per share, the next $500,000 Outstanding Balance into shares of Common Stock for $2.25 per share, and any remaining outstanding balance thereafter into shares of Common Stock for $2.30 per share. The Third Amendment also modified the definition of a “Qualified Financing” to mean a debt or equity financing resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $5.0 million.Factoring Agreement.
 
 
 
F-20F-23
 
In February 2015, as a result of the Series E Financing, the Company issued 1,978 shares of Series E Preferred to Goldman to satisfy $1,950,000 in principal borrowings under the Goldman Line of Credit, plus approximately $28,000 in accrued interest. As a result of the Series E Financing, the Company’s borrowing capacity under the Goldman Line of Credit was reduced to $3,050,000 with the maturity date unchanged and the Crocker LOC was terminated in accordance with its terms.Convertible Promissory Notes
 
In March 2016, the Company and Goldman entered into a fourth amendment to the Goldman Line of Credit (the “Fourth Amendment”) solely to (i) increase available borrowings to $5.0 million; (ii) extend the maturity date to June 30, 2017, and (iii) provide for the conversion of the outstanding balance due under the terms of the Goldman Line of Credit into that number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s Common Stock as is equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the outstanding balance by $1.25.
Contemporaneous with the execution of the Fourth Amendment, the Company entered into a new $500,000 line of credit with Crocker (the “New Crocker LOC”) with available borrowings of up to $500,000, which replaced the original Crocker LOC that terminated as a result of the consummation of the Series E Financing. Similar to the Fourth Amendment, the New Crocker LOC originally matured on June 30, 2017, and provided for the conversion of the outstanding balance due under the terms of the New Crocker LOC into that number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s Common Stock as is equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the outstanding balance by $1.25.
On December 27, 2016, in connection with the consummation of the Series G Financing, the Company and Goldman agreed to enter into the Fifth Amendment (the “Line of Credit Amendment”) to the Goldman Line of Credit to provide the Company with the ability to borrow up to $5.5 million under the terms of the Goldman Line of Credit. In addition, the Maturity Date, as defined in the Goldman Line of Credit, was amended to be December 31, 2017. The Line of Credit Amendment was executed on January 23, 2017.
In addition, on January 23, 2017, the Company and Crocker amended the New Crocker LOC to extend the maturity date thereof to December 31, 2017.
On May 10, 2017, Goldman and Crocker agreed to further extend the maturity dates of the Goldman Line of Credit and the New Crocker Line of Credit (collectively, the “Lines of Credit”) to December 31, 2018.
As the aforementioned amendments to the Lines of Credit resulted in an increase to the borrowing capacity of the Lines of Credit, the Company adjusted the amortization period of any remaining unamortized deferred costs and note discounts to the term of the new arrangement.
The Company evaluated the Lines of Credit and determined that the instruments contained a contingent beneficial conversion feature, i.e. an embedded conversion right that enabled the holder to obtain the underlying Common Stock at a price below market value. The beneficial conversion feature was contingent, as the terms of the conversion did not permit the Company to compute the number of shares that the holder would receive if the contingent event occurred (i.e. future borrowings under the Line of Credit). The Company has considered the accounting for this contingent beneficial conversion feature using the guidance in ASC 470, Debt. The guidance in ASC 470 states that a contingent beneficial conversion feature in an instrument shall not be recognized in earnings until the contingency is resolved. The beneficial conversion features of borrowings under the Line of Credit were to be measured using the intrinsic value calculated at the date the contingency is resolved using the conversion price and trading value of the Company’s Common Stock at the date the Lines of Credit were issued (commitment date).
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded approximately $30,000 and $302,000, respectively,in debt discount attributable to beneficial conversion feature and accreted approximately $162,000 and $198,000, respectively, of debt discount.Such expense is recorded as a component of interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
The Company incurred no additional borrowings under the Lines of Credit during the year ended December 31, 2018.
On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into the Exchange Agreements with Goldman and Crocker, pursuant to which Goldman and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owed under the terms of their respective Lines of Credit for an aggregate of 6,896 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred. As a result of the Debt Exchange, all indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations arising under the Lines of Credit were terminated, cancelled and deemed satisfied in full. As a result, no future borrowings are available under the Lines of Creditand the Lines of Credit were terminated on September 10, 2018. Because Messrs. Goldman and Crocker are members of the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders of the Company, they are considered related parties and the Debt Exchange transaction is considered a capital transaction and is recorded within the equity accounts of the Company.
The following table sets forth the Company’s activity under its Lines of Credit for the periods indicated:
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2016
$2,650
     Borrowing under Lines of Credit
3,350
     Repayments
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2017
$6,000
     Borrowings under Lines of Credit
-
     Repayments
-
    Conversion of Lines of Credit into Series A Preferred Stock
(6,000)
Balance outstanding under Lines of Credit as of December 31, 2018
$-
Series A Financing
During the year ended December 31, 2017, Messrs. Miller, Goldman, Wetherell, Clutterbuck2020, the Company received advances from a second former member of the Board of Directors (the "Board Lender") in the aggregate amount of $450,000. On June 29, 2020, the Company executed a promissory note (the "Board Note") in the favor of the Board Lender in the principal amount of $450,000 (the "Board Note Principal"), pursuant to which the Board Note Principal accrued simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum, and Frischer purchased an aggregatewas convertible into shares of 1,450 Series A Preferred in connection with the Series A FinancingCompany's Common Stock at $0.16 per share of Common Stock at the election of the Board Lender. The Board Note was to mature on the earlier to occur of (i) October 13, 2020, or (ii) on such date that the Company consummates a debt and/or equity financing resulting in grossnet proceeds of $1,450,000 to the Company. Company of at least $3.0 million.
Also during the year ended December 31, 2017, Messrs. Goldman, Clutterbuck2020, the Company received advances from a third former member of the Board of Directors (the "Second Board Lender") in the aggregate amount of $100,000. On June 29, 2020, the Company executed a promissory note (the "Second Board Note", and Frischer exchanged an aggregate 11,364collectively with the Board Note, the "Board Notes") in the principal amounts of $100,000 (the "Second Board Note Principal"), pursuant to which the Second Board Note Principal accrued simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum, and was convertible into shares of Series E Preferred, Series F Preferred and Series G Preferred for 11,364 sharesthe Company’s Common Stock at $0.16 per share of Series A PreferredCommon Stock at the election of the Second Board Lender. The Second Board Note was to mature on the earlier to occur of (i) October 13, 2020, or (ii) on such date that the Company consummates a debt and/or equity financing resulting in net proceeds to the Company of at least $3.0 million. 
On November 12, 2020, in connection with the Closing of the Series A Financing. D Financing, the Board Lenders entered into (i) Debt Exchange Agreements (collectively, the "Debt Exchange Agreements"), and (ii) Satisfaction and Release Agreements (collectively, the "Release Agreements"), for the purpose of satisfying certain obligations of the Company arising under (i) the Board Note, and (ii) the Second Board Note. Pursuant to the Debt Exchange Agreements and Release Agreements: (a) one-half of the Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $232,000 was converted into 231.6 shares of Series D Preferred at a rate of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred, with the remaining one-half of the Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $232,000, to be paid to the Board Lender in cash out of proceeds of the Series D Financing, in full satisfaction of the Company's obligations under the Board Note; and (b) the entire Second Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $103,000, was converted into 102.8 shares of Series D Preferred at a rate of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred, in full satisfaction of the Company's obligations under the Second Board Note.
 
Professional Services Agreement
 
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, the Company entered into professional services agreement with a firm whose managing director is alsoaffiliated with a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. Duringat the yeartime the parties entered into the agreement. The Company made no payments pursuant to this agreement during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018,2020 and has made approximately $34,000 during 2021. The Company has the Company recorded and paid one-half ofright to terminate the aggregate fee of $50,000.agreement on thirty days written notice at any time.
 
6.  INVENTORY
 
Inventories of  $29,00040,000 as of December 31, 20182020 were comprised of work in process of $21,000,26,000, representing direct labor costs on in-process projects and finished goods of $8,00014,000 net of reserves for obsolete and slow-moving items of $3,000.
 
Inventories of  $79,000615,000 as of December 31, 20172019 were comprised of work in process of $53,000608,000, representing direct labor costs on in-process projects and finished goods of  $26,0007,000 net of reserves for obsolete and slow-moving items of $3,000.
 
Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration and other factors in evaluating net realizable value and required reserve levels.
 
7.  PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
 
Property and equipment at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consistedconsist of:
 
($ in thousands)
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
December 31,
2020
 
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equipment
 $967 
 $946 
 $996 
Leasehold improvements
  77 
  11 
  77 
Furniture
  255 
  102 
  257 
  1,299 
  1,059 
  1,330 
Less accumulated depreciation
  (1,055)
  (1,016)
  (1,175)
  (1,114)
 $244 
 $43 
 $155 
 $216 
 
Total depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was approximately $39,000$60,000 and $56,000,$59,000, respectively.
 
8.  ACCRUED EXPENSE
 
Principal components of accrued expense consist of:
 
($ in thousands)
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensated absences
 $352 
 $273 
Wages, payroll taxes and sales commissions
  44 
  38 
Customer deposits
  30 
  40 
Rent
  14 
   
Royalties
  72 
  72 
Pension and employee benefit plans
  48 
  5 
Professional services
  145 
  100 
Income and sales taxes
  79 
  27 
Dividends
  42 
  34 
Other
  62 
  69 
 
 $888 
 $658 

9.  LINES OF CREDIT
($ in thousands)
 
December 31,
2020
 
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensated absences
 $182 
 $385 
Wages, payroll taxes and sales commissions
  13 
  6 
Customer deposits
  131 
  18 
Interest
  10 
   
Royalties
  72 
  72 
Pension and employee benefit plans
   
  58 
Accrued financing fees
  500 
  500 
Professional services
   
  121 
Income and sales taxes
  95 
  50 
Dividends
  49 
  40 
Other
  78 
  62 
 
 $1,130 
 $1,312 
 
Outstanding lines of credit consist9.  NOTES PAYABLE
Concurrently with the execution of the following:Series D Purchase Agreement, the Company and certain Series D Preferred investors executed the Series D Bridge Loan Agreement (“the Bridge Loan”), pursuant to which each Investor signatory thereto agreed to the Bridge Loan, secured by all assets of the Company, in an amount equal to 20% of such Investor’s purchase commitment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement, which Bridge Loan, plus accrued interest, will roll into, and be used to purchase, Series D Preferred at Closing.
 
($ in thousands)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Lines of Credit with Related Parties
8% convertible lines of credit. Face value of advances under lines of credit $0Pursuant to the Bridge Loan, the Company received proceeds of $2,187,000 in September 2020.  The Bridge Loan bears interest at December 31, 2018 and $6,000 at December 31, 2017. Discount on advances under lines of credit is $0 at December 31, 2018 and $226 at December 31, 2017. Maturity date was December 31, 2018; however, the lines of credit were terminated on September 10, 2018, as more thoroughly discussed below.
$
$5,774
Total lines of credit to related parties
5,774
Less current portion
(5,774)
Long-term lines of credit to related parties
$
$
For a more detailed discussionfixed rate of 12% and is due and payable in arrears on the earlier of the Company’s LinesLoan Conversion Date, as such term is defined in the Loan Agreement, or six months after the disbursement of Credit, see Note 5, Related Parties.the Bridge Loan. All amounts due and payable pursuant to the Bridge Loan are automatically convertible, without further action by the Investors, into shares of Series D Preferred at Closing at a purchase price of $1,000 for each share of Series D Preferred. The repayment of all amounts due under the terms of the Loan Agreement are secured by all assets of the Company. On November 12, 2020, contemporaneously with the closing of the Series D Preferred Financing, all amounts due under the Bridge Loan were converted into shares of Series D Preferred Stock.
 
 
 F-23
F-25
 
10.  DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). On May 4, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “PPP Loan”) with Comerica Bank (“Comerica”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”), which is part of the CARES Act administered by the United States Small Business Administration (“SBA”). As part of the application for these funds, the Company in good faith, has certified that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Company. This certification further requires the Company to take into account our current business activity and our ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. Under the PPP, the Company received proceeds of approximately $1,571,000. In accordance with the requirements of the PPP, the Company utilized the proceeds from the PPP Loan primarily for payroll costs, rent and utilities. The PPP Loan has a 1.00% interest rate per annum, matures on May 4, 2022 and is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the PPP. Under the terms of PPP, all or certain amounts of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, which the Company continues to evaluate. While no determination has been made at the time of the filing of this Annual Report, the Series D Financing may affect the Company's ability to have the PPP Loan forgiven under the PPP. The Company accounts for its derivative instruments underhas recorded the provisionsentire amount of ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”the PPP Loan as debt. Under the provisionsterms of ASC 815,the PPP Loan, monthly payments of principal and interest were due to commence November 1, 2020, however the SBA is deferring loan payments for borrowers who apply for loan forgiveness until the SBA remits the borrower’s loan forgiveness amount to the lender. The Company plans to file for loan forgiveness and at the time of the filing of this Annual Report, no amounts have been repaid. At December 31, 2020, the Company identified embedded features withinhas recorded the Series C Preferred host contract that qualifycurrent portion of the PPP Loan of approximately $918,000 as derivative instruments and require bifurcation.
The Company determined that the conversion option, redemption option and participating dividend feature contained in the Series C Preferred host instrument required bifurcation. The Company valued the bifurcatable features at fair value. Such liabilities aggregated approximately $833,000 at inception and are classified asa current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheetliability under the caption “Derivative liabilities.”“Notes payable, current portion” in its consolidated balance sheet. The Company will revalue these features at each balance sheet date and record any change in fair value in the determinationremaining portion of period net income or loss. Such amounts areapproximately $653,000 is recorded inas a long-term liability under the caption “Change“Note payable, net of current portion” in fair value of derivative liabilities” in the Company’sits consolidated statement of operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an increase to these derivative liabilities using fair value methodologies of approximately $232,000. As a result of this increase, such liabilities aggregated approximately $1,065,000 at December 31, 2018.2020 balance sheet.
  
11.10.  INCOME TAXES
 
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, (ASC 740)(ASC 740). Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences related to temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes at each year-end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary based on the weight of available evidence, if it is considered more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax expense is the sum of current income tax plus the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.  The Company has established a valuation allowance against its deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such asset.
 
ASC 740 requires a company to first determine whether it is more-likely-than-not (defined as a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits as of the reporting date, assuming that taxing authorities will examine the position and have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets this more-likely-than-not threshold is then measured and recognized at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized upon effective settlement with a taxing authority.  The amount accrued for uncertain tax positions was zero at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Company’s uncertain position relative to unrecognized tax benefits and any potential increase in these liabilities relates primarily to the allocations of revenue and costs among the Company’s global operations and the impact of tax rulings made during the period affecting its tax positions. The Company’s existing tax position could result in liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $0 and $10,000, respectively.
Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the Company’s provision for income taxes. No assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company adjusts these items in light of changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
The significant components of the income tax provision are as follows:
 
($ in thousands)
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Current
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Federal
 $ 
 $  — 
 $ 
State
   
    — 
   
Foreign
  11 
  (124)
  7 
  10 
    
    
Deferred
    
    
Federal
   
    — 
   
State
   
    — 
   
Foreign
   
    — 
   
    
    
 $11 
 $(124)
 $7 
 $10 

 
The principal componentsfollowing is a schedule of the Company’s deferred tax assets atand liabilities as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017 were as follows:2019:
 
($ in thousands)
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
 $19,881 
 $13,734 
Intangible and fixed assets
  (85)
  (28)
Stock based compensation
  2,318 
  1,954 
Reserves and accrued expense
  45 
  38 
Other
   
   
 
  22,159 
  15,698 
Less valuation allowance
  (22,159)
  (15,698)
 
    
    
Net deferred tax assets
 $ 
 $ 
($ in thousands)
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
  Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
 $23,327 
 $21,981 
Stock based compensation
  1,626 
  1,678 
Reserves , loans and accrued expense
  421 
  118 
Gross deferred tax assets
  25,374 
  23,777 
Valuation allowance
  (25,193)
  (23,643)
Gross deferred tax assets after valuation allowance
  181 
  134 
Deferred tax liability - Intangible and fixed assets
  (181)
  (134)
 
    
    
Net deferred tax liabilities
 $ 
 $ 
 
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rates to loss before income taxes is as follows:
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts computed at statutory rates
 $(2,636)
 $(3,423)
 $(1,415)
 $(2,432)
State income tax, net of federal benefit
  (1,051)
  (497)
  (551)
  (579)
Change in net operating loss carryforwards
  (3,012)
  688 
Expiration of net operating loss carryforwards
  620 
  879 
Equity compensation
  170 
  617 
Non-deductible interest
  36 
  250 
  (581)
  (146)
Tax Act – federal rate change
   
  7,276 
Foreign taxes
  210 
  143 
Foreign tax rate differential
  215 
  184 
Other
  3 
  4 
  (1)
  3 
Net change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
  6,461 
  (4,565)
  1,550 
  1,484 
    
��   
    
 $11 
 $(124)
 $7 
 $10 
 
The Company has established a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets.
 
On December 22, 2017 the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted into laws and the new legislation reduces the corporate tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, the Company remeasured the deferred tax assets and recorded a decrease in federal tax assets and valuation allowance of approximately $7,276,000. The Company believes that the one-time transition tax does not apply because there were no post-1986 earnings and profits previously deferred from US income taxes.
At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, a portion of which may be available to offset future taxable income for tax purposes. The federal net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates from 2023 through 2038. The state net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates from 2031 through 2038.Due to an incorrect application of the NOL carryforward periods, the Company reinstated approximately $4,200,000 in deferred tax assets.  Such amounts continue to be fully offset by a valuation allowance due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets.  As such amounts are fully reserved, the Company considers such amounts immaterial.
At December 31, 2018,2020, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $67,222,000$60,035,000 that begin to expire in 2023.2021. The Company has federal net operating losses of approximately $10,300,000$29,121,000 that arose after the 2017 tax year and will carryforward indefinitely, the utilization of which is limited to 80% of taxable income in any given year. The Company has net operating lossesloss carryforwards of approximately $50,434,000$70,436,000 for the state of California that will begin to expire in 2035.
The Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”Revenue Code) limits the availability of certain tax credits and net operating losses that arose prior to certain cumulative changes in a corporation’s ownership resulting in a change of control of the Company. The Company’s use of its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards will be significantly limited because the Company believes it underwent “ownership changes,”changes”, as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, in 1991, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2011 and 2012,several years, though the Company has not performed a study to determine the limitation. The Company has reduced its deferred tax assets to zero relating to its federal and state research credits because of such limitations. The Company continues to disclose the tax effect of the net operating loss carryforwards at their original amount in the table above as the actual limitation has not yet been quantified. The Company has also established a full valuation allowance for substantially all deferred tax assets due to uncertainties surrounding its ability to generate future taxable income to realize these assets. Since substantially all deferred tax assets are fully reserved, future changes in tax benefits will not impact the effective tax rate. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets. If it is determined at some time in the future that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance would be reduced accordingly at that time.

              
Tax returns for the years 20142016 through 20182020 are subject to examination by taxing authorities. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal and state income tax, and in the normal course of business, its income tax returns are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2020, the 2016 – 2020 tax years remain subject to examination in the U.S. federal tax state and foreign jurisdictions. However, to the extent allowed by law, the taxing authorities may have the right to examine the period from 2000 through 2020 where net operating losses and income tax credits were generated and carried forward and make adjustments to the amount of the net operating loss and income tax credit carryforward amount. The Company is not currently under examination by federal, state, or foreign jurisdictions. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain income tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019 the Company had no liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. Under ASC 740, the effects of new legislation are recognized upon enactment. Accordingly, the CARES Act is effective beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The Company does not currently believe that such provisions will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
11.  LEASES
The Company is a party to certain contractual arrangements for office space which meet the definition of leases under ASC 842 – Leases. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company has determined that such arrangements are operating leases and accordingly the Company has, as of January 1, 2019, recorded operating lease right-of-use assets and related lease liability for the present value of the lease payments over the lease terms using the Company’s estimated weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of approximately 14.5% as the discount rates implicit in the Company’s leases cannot be readily determined. Such assets and liabilities aggregated approximately $2,265,000 and $2,280,000 as of January 1, 2019, respectively and $1,906,000 and $2,089,000 as of December 31, 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, such assets and liabilities aggregated approximately $1,557,000 and $1,718,000, respectively. The Company determined that it had no arrangements representing finance leases.
The Company’s operating leasing arrangements are summarized below:
Our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California, where we now occupy approximately 500 square feet of office space at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month. We entered into this facility’s lease in February 2021 and this new lease commenced on March 1, 2021 and is on a month-to-month basis. In addition to our corporate headquarters, we also occupied the following spaces at December 31, 2020:
1,508 square feet in Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, at a cost of approximately $3,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on March 31, 2021. The Company extended this lease for a 30-day period and is currently evaluating alternative premises which the Company believes is readily available;
9,720 square feet in Portland, Oregon, at a cost of approximately $23,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on February 28, 2023; and
183 square feet of office space in Mexico City, Mexico, at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month until September 30, 2021.
Prior to entering into our current lease agreement in January 2021 and moving our corporate headquarters to a new location, we occupied 8,511 square feet of office space in San Diego, at a cost of approximately $28,000 per month.In January 2021, we entered in a subleasing agreement for our previously occupied corporate headquarters located in San Diego, California. The term of the sublease commences on April 1, 2021 and expires on April 30, 2025 coterminous with the expiration of the Company’s master lease. Sublease payments due the Company approximate $26,000 per month over the term of the sublease.

The above leases contain no residual value guarantees provided by the Company and there are no options to either extend or terminate the leases. The Company is not a party to any subleasing arrangements.
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $657,000 in lease expense using the straight-line method. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 the Company recorded approximately $673,000 in operating lease expense. Under the provisions of ASC 842, lease expense is comprised of the total lease payments under the lease plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received by the lessor amortized ratably using the straight-line method over the lease term. The weighted-average remaining lease term of the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2020 is 3.64 years. Cash payments under operating leases aggregated approximately $669,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and are included in operating cash flows.

The Company’s lease liability was computed using the present value of future lease payments. The Company has utilized the practical expedient regarding lease and non-lease components and combined such components into a single combined component in the determination of the lease liability. The Company has excluded the lease of its office space in Mexico City, Mexico in the determination of the lease liability as of January 1, 2019 as its term is less than 12 months.
At December 31, 2020, future minimum undiscounted lease payments are as follows for the years ending:
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
2021
 $664 
2022
 $653 
2023
 $424 
2024
 $387 
2025
 $129 
Thereafter
 $ 
Total
 $2,257 
Short-term leases not included in lease liability
 $(22)
Present Value effect on future minimum undiscounted lease payments at December 31, 2020
 $(517)
Lease liability at December 31, 2020
 $1,718 
Less current portion
 $(421)
Non-current lease liability at December 31, 2020
 $1,297 
 
12.   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESCONTINGENT LIABILITIES
 
Employment Agreements
 
The Company has an employment agreementsagreement with its Chief Executive Officer, and its Chief Technical Officer.which expires on March 2, 2022. The Company may terminate the agreementsagreement with or without cause. Subject to the conditions and other limitations set forth in each respectivethe employment agreement, eachthe executive will be entitled to the following severance benefits if the Company terminates the executive’s employment without cause or in the event of an involuntary termination (as defined in the employment agreements)agreement) by the Company or by the executive:
 
Under the terms of the agreement, the Chief Executive Officer will be entitled to the following severance benefits if we terminate histheir employment without cause or in the event of an involuntary termination: (i) a lump sum cash paymentseverance payments equal to twenty-fourthe lesser of twelve months’ base salary;salary or the remaining period prior to the expiration of the Employment Period; (ii) continuation of fringe benefits and medical insurance for a period of three years; and (iii) immediate vesting of 50% of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards.twelve months. In the event that the Chief Executive Officer’s employment is terminated within six months prior to or thirteen months following a change of control (as defined in the employment agreements), the Chief Executive Officer is entitled to the severance benefits described above, except that 100% of the Chief Executive Officer’s outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards will immediately vest. 
Under the terms of the employment agreement with our Chief Technical Officer, this executive will be entitled to the following severance benefits if we terminate his employment without cause or in the event of an involuntary termination: (i) a lump sum cash payment equal to six months of base salary; and (ii) continuation of their fringe benefits and medical insurance for a period of six months. In the event that his employment is terminated within six months prior to or thirteen months following a change of control (as defined in the employment agreements), he is entitled to the severance benefits described above, except that 100% of his outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards will immediately vest.
Effective September 15, 2017, the employment agreements for the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technical Officer were amended to extend the term of each executive officer’s employment agreement until December 31, 2018, and on January 30, 2019, both agreements were amended again to further extend the term of each executive officer’s employment agreement until December 31, 2019.
   
Litigation
 
There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of the Company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting the Company, our Common Stock, any of our subsidiaries or of the Company’s or our subsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.
 
Leases
The Company’s corporate headquarters are located in San Diego, California, where it occupies 8,511 square feet of office space at a cost of approximately $30,000 per month. This facility’s lease was entered into by the Company in July 2018 and commenced on November 1, 2018 and terminates on April 30, 2025. In addition to its corporate headquarters, the Company also occupied the following spaces at December 31, 2018:
1,508 square feet in Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, at a cost of approximately $3,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on March 31, 2021;
9,720 square feet in Portland, Oregon, at a cost of approximately $22,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on February 28, 2023; and
183 square feet of office space in Mexico City, Mexico, at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month until September 30, 2019.
 
 
F-26F-29
Prior to entering into the new lease agreement in July 2018 and moving its corporate headquarters to a new location, the Company occupied 9,927 of office space in San Diego, at a cost of approximately $30,000 per month.
At December 31, 2018, future minimum lease payments are as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
2019
 $480 
2020
 $632 
2021
 $625 
2022
 $635 
2023
 $421 
Thereafter
 $519 
Total
 $3,312 
Rental expense incurred under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $672,000 and $545,000, respectively.
 
13.  MEZZANINE EQUITY
 
Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
  
On September 10, 2018, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred stock (the “Series C COD”) with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, as amended November 12, 2020 (the “Series C Certificate”) designating 1,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as Series C Preferred, each share with a stated value of $10,000 per share (the “Stated Value”).Preferred. Shares of Series C Preferred accrue dividends cumulatively and are payable quarterly at a rate of 8% per annum if paid in cash, or 10% per annum if paid by the issuance of shares of Common Stock. Each share of Series C Preferred has a liquidation preferenceequal to the greater of (i) the Stated Value plus all accrued and unpaid dividends, and (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had each share been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to the occurrence of a Liquidation Event or Deemed Liquidation Event. Each share of Series C Preferred is convertible into that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Conversion Shares”) equal to the Stated Value, divided by $1.00, which conversion rate is subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Series C COD.Certificate. Holders of Series C Preferred may elect to convert shares of Series C Preferred into Conversion Shares at any time. Holders of the Series C Preferred may also require the Company to redeem all or any portion of such holder’s shares of Series C Preferred at any time from and after the third anniversary of the issuance date or in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Series C COD)Certificate). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Series C COD,Certificate, in the event the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s Common Stock is at least $3.00 per share (subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Series C COD)Certificate) for at least 20 consecutive trading days, the Company may convert all, but not less than all, issued and outstanding shares of Series C Preferred into Conversion Shares. In addition, in the event of a Change of Control, the Company will have the option to redeem all, but not less than all, issued and outstanding shares of Series C Preferred for 115% of the Liquidation Preference Amount per share. The Series C Certificate provides for a drag-along right whereby if at any time one or more holders of Series C Preferred then holding, in the aggregate, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred, exchange all (but not less than all) of each such exchanging shareholder’s shares of Series C Preferred for shares of Series D Preferred, then such initiating shareholder(s), in their sole discretion, shall have the right to require that all the holders of Series C Preferred similarly exchange their shares of Series C Preferred into shares of Series D Preferred on identical terms and conditions to the majority shareholders that elected to exchange their Series C Preferred into Series D Preferred. Holders of Series C Preferred will have the right to vote, on an as-converted basis, with the holders of the Company’s Common Stock on any matter presented to the Company’s stockholders for their action or consideration. Shares of Series C Preferred rank senior to the Company’s Common Stock and Series A Preferred, and junior to the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred.
  
On September 10, 2018, the Company offered and sold a total of 890 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share, and on September 21, 2018, the Company offered and sold an additional 110 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share. The total gross proceeds to the Company from the Series C Financing were $10,000,000. Issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the Series C Financing were approximately $1,211,000. Such costs have been recorded as a discount on the Series C Preferred Stock and will be accreted to the point of earliest redemption which is the third anniversary of the Series C Financing or September 10, 2021 using the effective interest rate method. The accretion of these costs is recorded as a deemed dividend.
The Company had 0 and 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred outstanding as of September 30, 2018.December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no issuances of Series C Preferred during the years ended December 31, 2020 or 2019. In connection with the Series D Financing, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement with certain holders of the Series C Preferred which hold, in the aggregate, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred (the “Exchange Agreement”). As contemplated by the parties thereto, after the filing of the Amended Series C Certificate and in connection with the closing of the Purchase Agreement and Exchange Agreement, such holders exercised their right under the Amended Series C Certificate to require all holders of Series C Preferred to similarly exchange their shares of Series C Preferred into shares of Series D Preferred on identical terms and conditions. On November 12, 2020 all 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred were converted into 10,000 shares of Series D Preferred.
The Company issued the holders of Series C Preferred 55,736 an aggregate of 6,455,149 shares of Common Stock on September 30, 2018, as payment of dividends due on that date and onduring the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued the holders of Series C Preferred 298,896 shares of Common Stock2020 as payment of dividends due on that date.dividends. 
 
 
 
F-27F-30
 
The Company issued the holders of Series C Preferred an aggregate of 1,857,438 shares of Common Stock during the year ended December 31, 2019 as dividends. 
There were no conversions of Series C Preferred into Common Stock during the year ended December 31, 2020 or 2019.
Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
On November 12, 2020, the Company filed the Series D Certificate with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware. Pursuant to the Series D Certificate, the Series D Preferred ranks senior to all Common Stock and all other present and future classes or series of capital stock, except for Series B Preferred, and upon liquidation will be entitled to receive the Liquidation Preference Amount (as defined in the Series D Certificate) plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, before the payment or distribution of the Company’s assets or the proceeds thereof is made to the holders of any junior securities. Additionally, dividends on shares of Series D Preferred will be paid prior to any junior securities, and are to be paid at the rate of 4% of the Stated Value (as defined in the Series D Certificate) per share per annum in the form of shares of Series D Preferred. Holders of Series D Preferred shall vote together with holders of Common Stock on an as-converted basis, and not as a separate class, except (i) the holders of Series D Preferred, voting as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect two directors, (ii) the holders of Series D Preferred have the right to vote as a separate class regarding the waiver of certain protective provisions set forth in the Series D Certificate, and (iii) as otherwise required by law.
The holders of Series D Preferred may voluntarily convert their shares of Series D Preferred into Common Stock at any time that is at least ninety days following the issuance date, at the conversion price calculated by dividing the Stated Value by the conversion price of $0.0583 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustments as set forth in Section 5(e) of the Series D Certificate. The shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series D Preferred shall be subject to the following registration rights: (i) one demand registration starting three months after the Closing, (ii) two demand registrations starting one year after the Closing, and (iii) unlimited piggy-back and Form S-3 registration rights with reasonable and customary terms.
If, on any date that is at least five (5) years following the Issuance Date, (i) the Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or (g) under the Exchange Act; (ii) there are sufficient authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock (which have not otherwise been reserved or committed for issuance) to permit the issuance of all Common Shares issuable upon conversion of all outstanding shares of Series D Preferred; (iii) upon issuance, the Common Shares will be either (A) covered by an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, which is then available for the immediate resale of such Common Shares by the recipients thereof, and the Board reasonably believes that such effectiveness will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future, or (B) freely tradable without restriction pursuant to Rule l44 promulgated under the Securities Act without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements, as determined by the counsel to the Company as set forth in a written opinion letter to such effect, addressed and acceptable to the Transfer Agent and the affected holders; and (iv) the VWAP of a share of Common Stock is greater than 300% of the Conversion Price (as defined in Section 5(d) below) then in effect for a period of at least twenty (20) Trading Days in any period of thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days, then the Company shall have the right, subject to the terms and conditions, to convert (a “Mandatory Conversion”) all, but not less than all, of the issued and outstanding shares of Series D Preferred into Common Stock.
On the fourth anniversary of the Issuance Date, or in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control, if any shares of Series D Preferred are outstanding, then each holder of Series D Preferred shall have the right (the “Holder Redemption Right”), at such holder’s option, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of such holder’s shares of Series D Preferred at the Liquidation Preference Amount per share of Series D Preferred plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends, if any, (such price, the “Holder Redemption Price”), which Holder Redemption Price shall be paid in cash.
On November 12, 2020 (“Closing Date”), the Company consummated the Series D Financing, resulting in the sale of 11,560 shares of its Series D Preferred, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $11.56 million, less fees and expenses. The gross proceeds include approximately $2.2 million in principal amount due and payable under the terms of certain term loans issued by the Company on September 29, 2020 (“Bridge Note”), which Bridge Notes were converted into Series D Preferred at Closing (the “Conversion”). The issuance and sale of the Series D Preferred was made pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 28, 2020 (the "Purchase Agreement"), by and between the Company and the Investors, for the purchase price of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred. The Conversion and Series D Financing was undertaken pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) and/or Rule 506 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). On December 23, 2020, the Company sold an additional 500 shares of Series D Preferred resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $500,000 less fees and expenses.
On the Closing Date, the Company exchanged approximately $661,000 of liabilities of the Company for 661.3 shares of Series D Preferred, and received notice from the holders of a majority of the Series C Preferred (the “Series C Exchange Notice”) of their election to convert all of their shares of Series C Preferred into Series D Preferred, and further exercising their right to require all other holders of Series C Preferred to convert their shares of Series C Preferred into Series D Preferred (the “Series C Exchange”). Upon the consummation of the Series C Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Series C Exchange Notice, the Company issued an additional 10,000 shares of Series D Preferred in exchange for all 1,000 issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred. The Company determined that the Series C Exchange was a modification of its Series C preferred stock. Using the fair value method, the Company concluded that the modification was significant and will apply the guidance in ASC 260-10-S99 for extinguishments. Under such guidance, the difference between the consideration paid (i.e. the fair value of the new or modified preferred shares) and the carrying value of the original preferred shares was recognized as a deemed dividend. Pursuant to such guidance the company recorded approximately $10,206,000 as a deemed dividend in the computation of Earnings Per Share.

On December 31, 2020, the Company issued 142 shares of Series D Preferred Stock as payment of dividends due to the Series D Preferred stockholders.
Guidance for accounting for freestanding financial instruments that contain characteristics of both liabilities and equity are contained in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity and Accounting Series Release 268 (“ASR 268”) Redeemable Preferred Stocks. The Company evaluated the provisions of the Series C Preferred and determined that the provisions of the Series C Preferred grant the holders of the Series C Preferred a redemption right whereby the holders of the Series C Preferred may, at any time after the third anniversary of the Series C Preferred issuance, require the Company to redeem in cash any or all of the holder’s outstanding Series C Preferred at an amount equal to the Liquidation Preference Amount (“Liquidation Preference Amount”). The Liquidation Preference Amount is defined as the greater of the stated value of the Series C Preferred plus any accrued unpaid interest or such amount per share as would have been payable had each such share been converted into Common Stock. In the event of a Change of Control, the holders of Series C Preferred shall have the right to require the Company to redeem in cash all or any portion of such holder’s shares at the Liquidation Preference Amount. The Company has concluded that because the redemption features of the Series C Preferred are outside of the control of the Company, the instrument is to be recorded as temporary or mezzanine equity in accordance with the provisions of ASR 268.
 
Likewise, the Company evaluated the provisions of the Series D Preferred and determined that the provisions of the Series D Preferred grant the holders of the Series D Preferred a redemption right whereby the holders of the Series D Preferred may, at any time after the fourth anniversary of the Series D Preferred issuance, require the Company to redeem in cash any or all of the holder’s outstanding Series D Preferred at an amount equal to the Series D Liquidation Preference Amount. In the event of a Change of Control, the holders of Series D Preferred shall have the right to require the Company to redeem in cash all or any portion of such holder’s shares at the Series D Liquidation Preference Amount. The Company has concluded that because the redemption features of the Series D Preferred are outside of the control of the Company, the instrument is to be recorded as temporary or mezzanine equity in accordance with the provisions of ASR 268.
The Company noted that the Series C Preferred Stock instrument was aand Series D Preferred instruments were hybrid instrumentinstruments that containscontain several embedded features. In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-16 to amend ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”) and require the use of the whole instrument approach (described below) to determine whether the nature of the host contract in a hybrid instrument issued in the form of a share is more akin to debt or to equity. ASU 2014-16 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015.
 
 
The whole instrument approach requires an issuer or investor to consider the economic characteristics and risks of the entire hybrid instrument, including all of its stated and implied substantive terms and features. Under this approach, all stated and implied features, including the embedded feature being evaluated for bifurcation, must be considered. Each term and feature should be weighed based on the relevant facts and circumstances to determine the nature of the host contract. This approach results in a single, consistent determination of the nature of the host contract, which is then used to evaluate each embedded feature for bifurcation. That is, the host contract does not change as each feature is evaluated.
 
The revised guidance further clarifies that the existence or omission of any single feature, including an investor-held, fixed-price, noncontingent redemption option, does not determine the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. Instead, an entity must base that determination on an evaluation of the entire hybrid instrument, including all substantive terms and features.
 
However, an individual term or feature may be weighed more heavily in the evaluation based on facts and circumstances. An evaluation of all relevant terms and features, including the circumstances surrounding the issuance or acquisition of the equity share, as well as the likelihood that an issuer or investor is expected to exercise any options within the host contract, to determine the nature of the host contract, requires judgement.
 
Using the whole instrument approach, the Company concluded that the host instrument isinstruments of both the Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred were more akin to debt than equity as the majority of identified features contain more characteristics of debt.
 
The Company evaluated the identified embedded features of the Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred host instrumentinstruments and determined that certain features meet the definition of and contained the characteristics of derivative financial instruments requiring bifurcation at fair value from the host instrument.
 
Accordingly, the Company has bifurcated from the Series C Preferred host instrument the conversion options, redemption option and participating dividend feature in accordance with the guidance in ASC 815. These bifurcated features aggregated approximately $834,000$833,000 at issuance and have been recorded as a discount to the Series C Preferred. Such amount will bewere accreted to the point of earliest redemption which is the third anniversarytheir exchange into shares of the Series C Financing or September 10, 2021D Preferred on November 12, 2020 using the effective interest rate method. The accretion of these features is recorded as a deemed dividend.
 
For the twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 20182020, the Company recorded the accretion of Series C Preferred debt issuance costs and derivative liabilities aggregating approximately $573,000 using the effective interest rate method. On November 12, 2020, pursuant to the exchange of the Series C Preferred into Series D Preferred, the Company recorded approximately $543,000 of remaining unamortized Series C discount as a deemed dividend. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded the accretion of debt issuance costs and derivative liabilities aggregating approximately $200,000$728,000 using the effective interest rate method.
method as a deemed dividend.
The Company has bifurcated from the Series D Preferred host instrument the conversion options, redemption option and participating dividend feature in accordance with the guidance in ASC 815. These bifurcated features aggregated approximately $26,011,000 at issuance and have been recorded as a discount to the Series D. As the fair value of the derivative liabilities was in excess of the Series D Preferred Stock carrying value, the Company recognized a deemed dividend of approximately $4,201,000. The Series D Preferred financing was approved the Company’s Board of Directors to provide for an immediate need of capital, to allow the Company to continue as a going concern and to execute the Company’s business plan after consultation with several of the Company’s largest shareholders and a review of financing alternatives. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded the accretion of debt issuance costs and derivative liabilities aggregating approximately $1,572,000 using the effective interest rate method as a deemed dividend.
 
The Company reflected the following in Mezzanine Equity for the Series C and Series D Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2018:2019 and 2020:
 
 
 
Series C
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(amounts in thousands, except share amounts)
 
Shares
 
 
 Amount
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of Series C Preferred Stock
  1,000 
 $10,000 
 $10,000 
 
    
    
    
Discount - transaction costs
  - 
 $(1,211)
 $(1,211)
 
    
    
    
Net Proceeds
  - 
 $8,789 
 $8,789 
 
    
    
    
Discount - bifurcated derivative
  - 
 $(833)
 $(833)
 
    
    
    
Accretion of discount - deemed dividend
  - 
 $200 
 $200 
 
    
    
    
Total Series C Preferred Stock
  1,000 
 $8,156 
 $8,156 
 
 
Series C
 
 
 
 
 
Series D
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred
 
 
 
 
(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Series C Preferred Stock - December 31, 2018
  1,000 
 $8,156 
  - 
 $- 
 
    
    
    
    
Accretion of discount - deemed dividend for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019
  - 
  728 
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
    
    
Total Series C Preferred Stock - December 31, 2019
  1,000 
 $8,884 
  - 
 $- 
 
    
    
    
    
Accretion of Series C discount - deemed dividend
  - 
  573 
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
    
    
Deemed dividend of unamortized discount at date of conversion of Series C Preferred Stock into Series D Preferred Stock
  - 
  543 
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
    
    
Issuance of Series D Preferred Stock
  - 
  - 
  12,060 
  12,060 
 
    
    
    
    
Exchange of Series C Preferred Stock into Series D Preferred Stock
  (1,000)
  (10,000)
  10,000 
  10,000 
 
    
    
    
    
Discount - transaction costs
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (1,053)
 
    
    
    
    
Issuance of Series D Preferred as payment of liabilities
  - 
  - 
  661 
  661 
 
    
    
    
    
Issuance of Series D Preferred as payment of dividends due
  - 
  - 
  142 
  142 
 
    
    
    
    
Discount - bifurcated derivative
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (21,810)
 
    
    
    
    
Accretion of Series D discount - deemed dividend
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,572 
 
    
    
    
    
Balance of Preferred Stocks at December 31, 2020
  - 
 $- 
  22,863 
 $1,572 

 
14.  EQUITY
 
The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, authorizes the issuance of two classes of stock to be designated “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.”Stock”. The Preferred Stock may be divided into such number of series and with the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions as the Board of Directors may determine.
 
On June 9, 2020, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and the number of shares of the Company’s Preferred Stock authorized thereunder from an aggregate of 179 million to 350 million, consisting of 345 million shares of Common Stock and 5 million shares of Preferred Stock. On September 28, 2020, the Company received executed written consents from the requisite holders of the Company's voting securities, voting on an as-converted basis, approving the Amended Charter, which, among other things, will increase the authorized number of shares of Common Stock from 345 million shares to 1.0 billion shares, with no change to the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock. This action did not become effective until October 13, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, we had 180,096,317 and 180,089,613 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, respectively. Our authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock are available for issuance without action by our shareholders. All shares of Common Stock now outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable.
On February 20, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Triton Purchase Agreement”) with Triton Funds LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Triton"). The Triton Purchase Agreement provides the Company the right to sell to Triton, and Triton is obligated to purchase, up to $2.0 million worth of shares of Common Stock under the Triton Purchase Agreement (the "TritonOffering”). Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Triton Purchase Agreement, the purchase price of the Common Stock will be based on the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the amount in U.S. Dollars that the Company intends to sell to Triton to be set forth in each written notice sent to Triton by the Company (the "TritonPurchase Notice") and delivered to Triton (the "TritonPurchase Notice Amount"), divided by the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's Common Stock listed on the OTC Markets during the five business days prior to closing (the "Triton Shares"). The closing of the purchase of the Triton Shares as set forth in the Triton Notice will occur no later than three business days following receipt of the Triton Shares by Triton.
In February and March of 2020, the Company sold, and Triton purchased, an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock for cash. In February, the Company sold 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock for $0.16 per share resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $640,000. In March 2020, the Company sold 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $765,000, or a per share purchase price of $0.13 per share. Aggregate net proceeds from this financing approximated $1,387,000 after recognition of direct offering costs.
Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC
On April 28, 2020, the Company entered into a purchase agreement, and as amended on June 11, 2020 (theLincolnPurchase Agreement”), and a registration rights agreement (theLincolnRegistration Rights Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) pursuant to which Lincoln Park committed to purchase up to $10,250,000 of our Common Stock.
Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, including stockholder approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation") to increase the number of shares of the Company’s capital stock to 350 million shares, obtained from our shareholders effective June 9, 2020, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to $10,250,000 of shares of Common Stock. On April 28, 2020, we sold 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of $100,000 (the “Initial Purchase Shares”). On June 11, 2020, we sold an additional 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of $150,000 (the “Commencement Purchase Shares”). Future sales of Common Stock under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at our sole discretion, over the 24-month period commencing on July 8, 2020, and the other conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement are satisfied (such date on which all of such conditions are satisfied, theCommencement Date”).
After the Commencement Date, on any business day over the term of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 125,000 shares of its Common Stock on such business day (theRegular Purchase”), subject to increases under certain circumstances as provided in the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of Common Stock for each such Regular Purchase will be based on prevailing market prices of the Company’s Common Stock immediately preceding the time of sale as computed under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. In each case, Lincoln Park’s maximum commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $500,000. In addition to Regular Purchases, provided that the Company presents Lincoln Park with a Lincoln Purchase Notice for the full amount allowed for a Regular Purchase, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to makeaccelerated purchases and additional accelerated purchases as described in the Lincoln Purchase Agreement.
Pursuant to the terms of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Lincoln Park under the shares of Common Stock under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in the beneficial ownership by Lincoln Park and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).
The Lincoln Purchase Agreement and the Lincoln Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time, at no cost or penalty. The Company issued to Lincoln Park 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock in consideration for entering into the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to this issuance, $400,000 was recorded by the Company as a deferred stock issuance cost. Such amount was recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet under the caption “Other assets”. Such deferred stock issuance costs will be recognized as a charge against paid in capital in proportion to securities sold under this Lincoln Purchase Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized approximately $36,000 as a charge against paid- in capital relating to securities sold under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement.
In addition to the Initial Purchase Shares and Commencement Purchase Shares disclosed above, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an aggregate 3,200,000 shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park under the terms of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $918,000.
Our Board of Directors has designated five series of Preferred Stock; (i) Series A Preferred, (ii) Series A-1 Preferred, (iii) Series B Preferred, (iv) Series C Preferred and (v) Series D Preferred. As of December 31, 2020, there were 14,911 shares of Series A Preferred outstanding, 14,782 shares of Series A-1 Preferred outstanding, 239,400 shares of series B Preferred outstanding, 0 shares of Series C Preferred outstanding, and 22,863 shares of Series D Preferred outstanding.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
 
On September 15, 2017, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations of the Series A Preferred with the Delaware Secretary of State (the “Series A Certificate”), designating 31,02138,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as Series A Preferred. SharesThe Company had 37,467 shares of Series A Preferred outstanding as of December 31, 2019.
During July 2020, the Company entered into the Series A Exchange Agreement with the Series A Holders, pursuant to which such Series A Holders exchanged 18,828 shares of Series A Preferred for an equivalent number of Series A-1 Preferred in consideration for their waiver of approximately $1,849,000 in dividends payable.
On September 28, 2020, the Company received executed written consents from (i) the requisite holders of the Company's voting securities, voting on an as-converted basis, and (ii) the requisite holders of Series A Preferred, voting as a separate class, approving the Amended Series A Certificate, which, among other things, provides for (i) the automatic conversion of all Series A Preferred into Common Stock at a rate of 10% per month following the Closing of the Series D Financing, with the conversion price for such conversion reduced from $1.15 per share of Common Stock, to $0.20 per share of Common Stock, and (ii) a reduction of the dividend rate from 8% of the stated Series A Liquidation Preference Amount if paid in cash and 10% of the stated Series A Liquidation Preference Amount if paid in Common Stock, to 4% of the Series A Liquidation Preference Amount, with the dividends being paid only in shares of Common Stock.
The Company determined that the September 28, 2020 changes to the Series A Preferred Stock was a modification of its Series A preferred stock. Using the fair value method, the Company concluded that the modification was significant and applied the guidance in ASC 260-10-S99 for extinguishments. Under such guidance, the Company recognized the difference between the consideration paid (i.e. the fair value of the new or modified preferred shares) and the carrying value of the original preferred shares as a deemed dividend to (from) the holder. Pursuant to such guidance the company recorded approximately $9,173,000 as a deemed dividend from the holder in the computation of Earnings Per Share.
As modified, shares of Series A Preferred accrue dividends at a rate of 8%4% per annum ifpayable through the Company chooses to pay accrued dividends in cash, and 10% per annum if the Company chooses to pay accrued dividendsConversion Period, as defined below, in shares of Common Stock. Each share of Series A Preferred has a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and is convertible, at the option of the holder, into that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the Liquidation Preference, divided by $1.15 (“Conversion Shares”).$0.20. Each holder of the Series A Preferred is entitled to vote on all matters, together with the holders of Common Stock, on an as converted basis.
the Company, and ranks senior to the Company’s Common Stock and to all other classes and series of equity securities of the Company which by their terms rank junior to the Series A Preferred. Holders of Series A Preferred may elect to convert shares of Series A Preferred into Conversion Shares at any time. time. In the event the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s Common Stock is at least $2.15 per share for at least 20 consecutive trading days, the Company may elect to convert one-half of the shares of Series A Preferred issued and outstanding, on a pro-rata basis, into Conversion Shares, or, if the VWAP of the Company’s Common Stock is at least $2.15 for 80 consecutive trading days, the Company may convert all issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred into Conversion Shares. In addition, inthe Series A Certificate provides for a voluntary conversion window, beginning on the consummation of the Series D Financing, and ends on August 1, 2021 (the “Conversion Period”), whereby holders may voluntarily convert all shares of Series A Preferred into Common Stock upon notice to the Company, and provides that holders of Series A Preferred that do not voluntarily convert all shares of Series A Preferred into Common Stock, a mandatory, automatic conversion of each such holder’s shares of Series A Preferred at a rate of 10% per month beginning on the consummation of the Series D Financing, with all shares converting by August 1, 2021. In the event of a Change of Control, the Company will have the option to redeem all issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred for 115% of the Liquidation Preference per share. 
On September 18, 2017, the Company offered and sold a total of 11,000 shares of Series A Preferred at a purchase price of $1,000 per share (the “
Series A Financing”). The total net proceeds to the Company from the Series A Financing were approximately $10.9 million.
Concurrently with the Series A Financing, the Company entered into exchange agreements with holders of all outstanding shares of the Company’s Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of the Company’s Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and all outstanding shares of the Company's Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Exchanged Preferred”), pursuant to which the holders thereof agreed to cancel their respective shares of Exchanged Preferred in exchange for shares of Series A Preferred (the “Preferred Stock Exchange”). As a result of the Preferred Stock Exchange, the Company issued to the holders of the Exchanged Preferred an aggregate total of 20,021 shares of Series A Preferred.
The Company evaluated the Preferred Stock Exchange and determined that the Preferred Stock Exchange was both an induced conversion and an extinguishment transaction. Using the guidance in ASC 260-10-S99-2,Earnings Per Share – SEC Materials – SEC Staff Announcement: The Effect on the Calculations of Earnings Per Share for a Period That Includes the Redemption or Induced Conversion of Preferred Stock andASC 470-50,Debt – Modifications and Extinguishments,the Company recorded the fair value differential of the Exchanged Preferred as adjustments within Shareholders’ Equity (deficit) and in the computation of Net Loss Available to Common Shareholders in the computation of basic and diluted loss per share. The Company performed the computation of the fair value of the Exchanged Preferred. Based on the fair value using these methodologies, the Company recorded approximately $1,245,000 in fair value differential as adjustments within Shareholders’ Deficit in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet for the year ended December 31, 2017.
On September 10, 2018, the Company filed an Amendment to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with the Delaware Division of Corporations to increase the number of shares of Series A Preferred authorized for issuance thereunder to 38,000 shares.
On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into the Exchange Agreements with Goldman and Crocker, pursuant to which Goldman and Crocker agreed to exchange approximately $6.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of outstanding debt (including accrued and unpaid interest) owed under the terms of their respective Lines of Credit for an aggregate of 6,896 shares of Series A Preferred. 
On September 10, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors also declared a Special Dividend for Holders of the Series A Preferred, pursuant to which each Holder received a Dividend Warrant to purchase 39.87 shares of Common Stock for every share of Series A Preferred held, which resulted in the issuance of Dividend Warrants to the Holders as a group to purchase an aggregate of 1,493,856 shares of Common Stock. Each Dividend Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and is exercisable immediately upon issuance; provided, however, that a Dividend Warrant may only be exercised concurrently with the conversion of shares of Series A Preferred held by a Holder into shares of Common Stock. In addition, each Dividend Warrant held by a Holder shall expire on the earliest to occur of (i) the conversion of all Series A Preferred held by such Holder into Common Stock, (ii) the redemption by the Company of all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred held by such Holder, (iii) the Dividend Warrant no longer representing the right to purchase any shares of Common Stock, and (iv) the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance.
The Company evaluated this warrant issuance in conjunction with the Series A Preferred becoming junior to the Series C Preferred in liquidation preference and determined such warrants and changes in liquidation preference to be in effect a modification of the Series A Preferred. To determine the effect of this modification, the Company, using fair value methodologies, determined the value of the Series A Preferred both pre and post warrant issuance. The valuation indicated an increase in the fair value of the Series A Preferred post issuance of approximately $92,000. The Company recorded this increase as a deemed dividend.
The Company had 37,467 shares and 31,02114,911 shares of Series A Preferred outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.2020.  At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Company had cumulative undeclared dividends of $0.During the yearyears ended December 31, 2018, certain holders of Series A Preferred converted 450 shares of Series A Preferred into 391,304 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. 2020 and 2019, tThehe Company issued the holders of Series A Preferred an aggregate of 3,074,0081,388,876 and 6,959,523 shares of Common Stock, duringrespectively, as payment of dividends due.
During the year ended December 31, 20182020, the Company issued 18,640,000 shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of 3,728 shares of Series A Preferred Stock.
Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock

In July 2020, the Company filed the Series A-1 Certificate with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, designating 31,021 shares of the Company’s Preferred Stock as Series A-1 Preferred. Shares of Series A-1 Preferred accrue cumulative dividends and are payable quarterly beginning March 31, 2021 at a rate of 8% per annum if paid in cash, or 10% per annum if paid by the issuance of shares of the Company’s Common Stock.
Shares of Series A-1 Preferred rank senior to the Company’s Common Stock, pari-passu to the Company's Series A Preferred, and are subordinate and rank junior to Series B Preferred and Series D Preferred.
Each share of Series A-1 Preferred has a liquidation preference equal to the greater of (i) $1,000 per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends, or (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had each such share been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to the foregoing is referred to herein as the “Series A-1 Liquidation Preference Amount”) before any payment shall be made or any assets distributed to the holders of the Common Stock or any other classes and series of equity securities of the Company which by their terms rank junior to the Series A-1 Preferred.
Each share of Series A-1 Preferred is convertible into that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Series A-1 Conversion Shares”) equal to that number of shares of Series A-1 Preferred being converted multiplied by $1,000, divided by $0.65, or the conversion price as defined in the Series A-1 Certificate in effect as of the date the holder delivers to the Company their notice of election to convert. Holders of Series A-1 Preferred may elect to convert shares of Series A-1 Preferred into Common Stock at any time. In addition to the aforementioned holder conversion option, if the volume weighted average closing price (VWAP) of the Company’s Common Stock is at least $1.00 per share for 20 consecutive trading days, then the Company has the right to convert one-half of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred into Common Stock. In the event of a Change of Control, the Company will have the option to redeem all issued and outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred for 115% of the Liquidation Preference per share.
The Series A-1 Preferred is a freestanding financial instrument that contains characteristics of both liabilities and equity. Guidance for accounting for freestanding financial instruments that contain characteristics of both liabilities and equity are contained in ASC 480 and ASR 268. Pursuant to this guidance, the Company evaluated the various provisions of the Series A-1 Preferred and determined that the instrument should be recorded as a component of permanent equity.
The Company noted that the Series A-1 Preferred Stock instrument was a hybrid instrument that contains several embedded features. In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-16 to amend ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, (“ASC 815”) and require the use of the whole instrument approach (described below) to determine whether the nature of the host contract in a hybrid instrument issued in the form of a share is more akin to debt or to equity.
Using the whole instrument approach, the Company concluded that the host instrument is more akin to equity than debt as the majority of identified features contain more characteristics of equity.
The Company evaluated the identified embedded features of the Series A-1 Preferred host instrument and determined that certain features did not meet the definition of and did not contain the characteristics of derivative financial instruments requiring bifurcation at fair value from the host instrument.
During July 2020, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement, Consent and Waiver (“Exchange Agreement”) with certain holders of its Series A Preferred (the "Series A Holders"), pursuant to which such Series A Holders exchanged 18,828 shares of Series A Preferred for an equivalent number of Series A-1 Preferred in consideration for their waiver of approximately $1,849,000 in dividends due duringpayable to the 2018 year. Series A Holders and payable for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 (the “Series A Restructuring”). Also, as part of the Exchange Agreement, 739,372 warrants held by those Series A Holders participating in the exchange were cancelled.
As there is no specific guidance under GAAP on whether an amendment to, or exchange of, an equity-classified preferred stock instrument (whether presented in temporary or permanent equity) that is not within the scope of ASC 718 should be accounted for as an extinguishment or a modification, the Company used, by analogy, the Guidance in ASC 470, (“Debt”) regarding the modification of debt instruments and determined that the exchange transaction was a modification.
The Company measured the fair value of the Series A and A-1 Preferred stock immediately before and after the modification date by measuring the value of Common Stock each instrument was convertible into and determined that the modification resulted in a deemed dividend of approximately $2,272,000.
On September 28, 2020, the Company's holders of Common Stock and Preferred Stock voted to revise the Series A-1 Certificate by i) amending and restating the Series A-1 Certificate to, without limitation, provide for (i) the voluntary conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company's Series A-1 Preferred into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a reduced conversion price of $0.20 per share of Common Stock, and (ii) the automatic conversion of all issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred and Series A-1 Preferred into shares of Common Stock at a rate of 10% per month, beginning on November 1, 2020, and ending on August 1, 2021, at the reduced conversion price of $0.20 per share of Common Stock;
The Company determined that the September 28, 2020 changes to the Series A Preferred Stock was a modification of its Series A-1 preferred stock. Using the fair value method, the Company concluded that the modification was significant and applied the guidance in ASC 260-10-S99 for extinguishments. Under such guidance, the difference between the consideration paid (i.e. the fair value of the new or modified preferred shares) and the carrying value of the original preferred shares was recognized as a deemed dividend to (from) the holder. Pursuant to such guidance the company recorded approximately $9,440,000 as a deemed dividend from the holder in the computation of Earnings Per Share.
The Company had 14,782 shares and 0 shares of Series A-1 Preferred outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company issued the holders of Series AA-1 Preferred an aggregate of 585,0581,159,416 and 0 shares of Common Stock, duringrespectively, as payment of dividends due.
During the year ended December 31, 2017 as payment2020, the Company issued 19,016,452 shares of dividends due duringCommon Stock upon the 2017 year.conversion of 4,046 shares of Series A-1 Preferred.
 
Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
The Company had 239,400 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per shareStock (“Series B Preferred”), outstanding as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Company had cumulative undeclared dividends of approximately and $8,000.$8,000 ($0.03 per share), respectively. There were no conversions of Series B Preferred into Common Stock during the yearyears ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. The Company paid dividends of approximately $51,000 to the holders of our Series B Preferred duringfor each of the twelve monthsyears ended December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 2017.2019.
 
Common Stock
 
On February 8, 2018,September 28, 2020, the Company filed withreceived executed written consents from the Secretaryrequisite holders of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation,Company’s voting securities, voting on as amended, toas-converted basis, approving the Amended Charter, which, among other things will increase the authorized number of shares of its Common Stock from 345 million to from 150,000,000 shares1 billion shares. This action did not become effective until 20 calendar days after an Information Statement was delivered to 175,000,000 shares.our shareholders. Such Information Statement was delivered on October 13, 2020.
 
The following table summarizes outstanding Common Stock activity for the following periods:
 
 
Common Stock
 
Shares outstanding at December 31, 20162018
  91,846,795
     Shares issued pursuant to payment of stock dividend on Series E Preferred
585,058
     Shares issued pursuant to payment of stock dividend on Series F Preferred
822,122
     Shares issued pursuant to payment of stock dividend on Series G Preferred
135,855
     Shares issued pursuant to cashless warrants exercised
409,002
     Shares issued pursuant to option exercises
369,004
Shares outstanding at December 31, 2017
94,167,83698,223,632 
     Shares issued pursuant to payment of stock dividend on Series A Preferred
  3,074,0086,959,523 
     Shares issued as payment of stock dividend on Series C Preferred
  354,6321,857,438 
     Shares issued pursuant to conversion of Series A Preferredfor cash
  391,3045,954,545 
     Shares issued pursuant to option exercises
  235,852351,334 
Shares outstanding at December 31, 2018
2019
  98,223,632113,346,472
     Shares issued pursuant to payment of stock dividend on Series A Preferred
1,388,876
     Shares issued pursuant to payment of stock dividend on Series A-1 Preferred
1,159,416
     Shares issued as payment of stock dividend on Series C Preferred
6,455,149
     Shares issued pursuant to Series A conversion to Common Stock
18,640,000
     Shares issued pursuant to Series A-1 conversion to Common Stock
19,016,452
     Shares issued to secure financing facility
2,500,000
     Shares issued for cash
15,700,000
     Shares issued pursuant to option exchange and RSU vesting
1,883,248
Shares outstanding at December 31, 2020
180,089,613 
 
Warrants
 
As of December 31, 2018,2020, warrants to purchase 1,813,856753,775 shares of Common Stock at prices ranging from $0.01 to $1.46$0.80 were outstanding. AllAt December 31, 2020, no warrants are exercisable as of December 31, 2018 and expire as of September 11, 2019, except for an aggregate of 1,643,856 warrants, which become exercisable only upon the attainment of specified events and 20,000 warrants that become exercisable on June 7, 2019. Suchevents. All warrants expire at various dates throughon September 2028.The19, 2028 with the exception of 150,000 warrants whose expiration date is 3 years from initial vesting, such vesting based on certain events . The intrinsic value of warrants outstanding at December 31, 20182020 was approximately $14,000.$0. The Company has excluded from this computation any intrinsic value of the 1,493,856603,775 warrants issued to the Series A Preferred stockholders due to the conversion exercise contingency more fully described below.associated with these warrants.
 
As discussed above, on September 10, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors declared a Special Dividend for Holders of the Series A Preferred, pursuant to which each Holder received a Dividend Warrant to purchase 39.87 shares of Common Stock for every share of Series A Preferred held, which resulted in the issuance of Dividend Warrants to the Holders as a group to purchase an aggregate of 1,493,856 shares of Common Stock. Each Dividend Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and is exercisable immediately upon issuance; provided, however, that a Dividend Warrant may only be exercised concurrently with the conversion of shares of Series A Preferred held by a Holder into shares of Common Stock. In addition, each Dividend Warrant held by a Holder shall expire on the earliest to occur of (i) the conversion of all Series A Preferred held by such Holder into Common Stock, (ii) the redemption by the Company of all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred held by such Holder, (iii) the Dividend Warrant no longer representing the right to purchase any shares of Common Stock, and (iv) the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance. The accounting treatment for the issuance of these warrants is discussed above in the Company’s description of its Series A Preferred Stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 40,000 warrants to certain members of the Company’s advisory board. The Company determined the grant date fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and recorded approximately $9,000 in expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company used the following assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option valuation model: an exercise price ranging between $1.09 and $1.17, a term of 2.0 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.58%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 59%. Such expense is recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as a component of general and administrative expense. The Company also issued, during the year ended December 31, 2018, an aggregate of 50,000 warrants to a certain professional services provider firm. The Company determined the grant date fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and recorded approximately $17,000 in expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company used the following assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option valuation model: an exercise price of $1.14, a term of 2.0 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.58%, a dividend yield of 0% and volatility of 51%. Such expense is recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as a component of general and administrative expense.
The following table summarizes warrant activity for the following periods:
 
 
 
Warrants
 
 
Weighted-
 Average
 Exercise Price
 
 
  Warrants
 
 
Weighted-Average
 Exercise Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
  175,000 
 $0.84 
Balance at December 31, 2018
  1,813,856 
 $0.19 
Granted
  80,000 
 $1.13 
   
    
Expired / Canceled
  (25,000)
 $1.10 
  (80,000)
 $1.13 
Exercised
   
 $ 
   
    
Balance at December 31, 2017
  230,000 
 $0.91 
Balance at December 31, 2019
  1,733,856 
 $0.14 
Granted
  1,583,856 
 $0.08 
   
    
Expired / Canceled
   
 $ 
  (980,081)
 0.15 
Exercised
   
 $ 
   
    
Balance at December 31, 2018
  1,813,856 
 $0.19 
Balance at December 31, 2020
  753,775 
 0.17 
 
There were no warrants issued or exercised during the twelve months ended December 31, 20182020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, 739,386 warrants were cancelled in conjunction with the exchange of Series A Preferred Stock into Series A-1 Preferred Stock, 150,695 warrants were cancelled pursuant to the mandatory conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock and zero90,000 warrants expired unexercised during the 2018 year.unexercised.
 
 
 
F-32F-38
 
15.  STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
Stock Options
 
As of December 31, 2018,2020, the Company had one active stock-based compensation plan: the 19992020 Omnibus Stock OptionIncentive Plan (the “19992020 Plan”).
 
19992020 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan
 
TheOn June 9, 2020, pursuant to authorization obtained from the Company’s 1999stockholders, the Company adopted the 2020 Omnibus Stock AwardIncentive Plan (the “19992020 Plan”) was adopted. Such plan had been previously unanimously approved by the Company’s BoardBoard. The purposes of Directors on December 17, 1999. Underour 2020 Plan are to enhance our ability to attract and retain highly qualified officers, non-employee directors, key employees and consultants, and to motivate those service providers to serve the termsCompany and to expend maximum effort to improve our business results by providing to those service providers an opportunity to acquire or increase a direct proprietary interest in our operations and future success. The 2020 Plan also will allow us to promote greater ownership in our Company by the service providers in order to align the service providers’ interests more closely with the interests of our stockholders. Awards granted under the 2020 Plan are designed to qualify for special tax treatment under Section 422 of the Code.
Pursuant to the adoption of the 2020 Plan, such plan will supersede and replace the Company’s 1999 Plan and no new awards will be granted under the 1999 Plan the Company could, originally, issue up to 350,000 non-qualified or incentive stock options to purchase Common Stock of the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company subsequently amended and restatedthereafter. Any awards outstanding under the 1999 Plan whereby it increased the share reserve for issuance to approximately 7.0 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Subsequently, in February 2018, the Company amended and restated the 1999 Plan, whereby it increased the share reserve for issuance by an additional 2.0 million shares. The 1999 Plan prohibits the grant of stock option or stock appreciation right awards with an exercise price less than fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant. Theapproval of the 2020 Plan will remain subject to the 1999 Plan. Upon approval of our 2020 Plan, all shares of Common Stock remaining authorized and available for issuance under the 1999 Plan also generally prohibits the “re-pricing” of stock options or stock appreciation rights, although awards may be bought-out for a payment in cash or the Company’s stock. The 1999 Plan permits the grant of stock-based awards other than stock options, including the grant of “full value” awards such as restricted stock, stock units and performance shares. The 1999 Plan permits the qualification ofany shares subject to outstanding awards under the plan (payable in either stock1999 Plan that subsequently expire, terminate, or cash) as “performance-based compensation” within the meaningare surrendered or forfeited for any reason without issuance of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The number of options issued and outstanding and the number of options remainingshares will automatically become available for future issuance under our 2020 Plan. As of December 31, 2020, there are shown in the table below. The number of authorizedapproximately 26,382,377 shares available for issuance under the plan at December 31, 2018 was 730,677.2020 Plan.
 
The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, consistent with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation. The fair value of stock options granted is recognized to expense over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense is reported in operating expense based upon the departments to which substantially all the associated employees report and credited to additional paid-in-capital. Stock-based compensation expense related to equity options was approximately $1,272,000 and 1,094,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
 
ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life, and interest rates. The Company is required to make various assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company has determined that the best measure of expected volatility is based on the historical weekly volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. Historical volatility factors utilized in the Company’s Black-Scholes computations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 ranged from 57% to 64%83%. The Company has elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the SEC approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The expected term used by the Company during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was 5.17 years. The difference between the actual historical expected life and the simplified method was immaterial. The interest rate used is the risk-free interest rate and is based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term. Interest rates used in the Company’s Black-Scholes calculations for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 averaged 2.58%. Dividend yield is zero as the Company does not expect to declare any dividends on the Company’s common shares in the foreseeable future.
 
In addition to the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the estimated forfeiture rate at the time of valuation is a critical assumption. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-09 and will continue to use an estimated annualized forfeiture rate of approximately 0%5.0% for corporate officers, 4.1% for members of the Board of Directors and 6.0%15.0% for all other employees. The Company reviews the expected forfeiture rate annually to determine if that percent is still reasonable based on historical experience.
 
 
 
F-33F-39
 
A summary of the activity under the Company’s stock option plans is as follows:
 
 
Options
 
 
Weighted-
 Average
 Exercise
 Price
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
 
 
Options
 
 
Weighted-Average
 Exercise Price
 
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining Contractual
Term (Years)
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
  6,506,843 
 $1.21 
  6.6 
Balance at December 31, 2018
  7,227,248 
 $1.4 
  5.8 
Granted
  112,500 
 $1.39 
   
  750,000 
 $0.89 
   
Expired/Cancelled
  (156,827)
 $1.67 
   
  (421,242)
 $1.52 
   
Exercised
  (369,004)
 $0.70 
   
  (351,334)
 $0.47 
   
Balance at December 31, 2017
  6,093,512 
 $1.23 
  5.8 
Balance at December 31, 2019
  7,204,672 
 $1.32 
  5.3 
Granted
  1,545,500 
 $1.67 
   
  2,450,000 
 0.14 
   
Expired/Cancelled
  (175,912)
 $1.33 
   
  (7,069,172)
 1.33 
   
Exercised
  (235,852)
 $0.70 
   
   
 $ 
   
Balance at December 31, 2018
  7,227,248 
 $1.34 
  5.8 
Balance at December 31, 2020
  2,585,500 
 0.19 
  9.2 
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate 2,450,000 options to purchase common stock at exercise prices of $0.07 to $0.24.  Of the options granted in 2020, 1,750,000 options are issuable to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and are included as granted options in the totals above, however such options have not been issued to the executive as of the date of this Annual Report, pending the negotiation of a new grant since the consummation of the offering of Series D Preferred in November 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, certain terminated employees exchanged 1,225,500 Common Stock purchase options for 612,750 shares of Common Stock as a component of their severance agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, certain employees exchanged 1,417,832 Common Stock purchase options for 708,916 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors and certain officers exchanged 3,467,000 Common Stock purchase options for 1,733,500 RSUs.

In addition to the aggregate 6,110,332 options exchanged, an additional 958,840 Common Stock purchase options expired unexercised during the year ended December 31, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, there were no options exercised for cash. During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were 351,334 options exercised for cash resulting in the issuance of 351,334 shares of the Company’s Common Stock and proceeds of approximately $166,000.
 
At December 31, 2018,2020, a total of 7,227,2482,585,500 options were outstanding, of which 5,753,529113,137 were exercisable at a weighted average price of $1.27$1.12 per share with a remaining weighted average contractual term of approximately 5.06.13 years.  The Company expects that, in addition to the 5,753,529113,137 options that were exercisable as of December 31, 2018,2020, another 1,473,7192,472,363 will ultimately vest resulting in a combined total of 7,227,248.2,585,500.  Those 7,227,2482,585,500 shares have a weighted average exercise price of $1.34$0.19 and an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $248,000$1,000 as of December 31, 2018.2020. Stock-based compensation expense related to equity options was approximately $1,272,000$263,000 and $1,094,000$643,000 for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.
 
The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted to employees during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was$0.94 $0.12 and $0.77,$0.47, respectively. At December 31, 2018,2020, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options amounted to approximately$995,000, $277,906, which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.01.7 years.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were 235,852 options exercised for cash resulting in the issuance of 235,852 shares of the Company’s Common Stock and proceeds of approximately $164,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were 369,004 options exercised for cash resulting in the issuance of 369,004 shares of the Company’s Common Stock and proceeds of approximately $259,000. 
The intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was approximately $175,000$0 and $177,000,$222,000, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was approximately $248,000 $0 and $2,388,000,$0, respectively.  The intrinsic value of options that vested during 20182020 was approximately $0. The aggregate intrinsic value for all options outstanding as of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was approximately $248,000$1,000 and $2,595,000,$1,000, respectively.
In September 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 168,000 options to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock to certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors in return for their service from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017. Such options vested at the rate of 14,000 options per month on the last day of each month during the 2017 year. The options have an exercise price of $1.37 per share and a term of 10 years. The Company began recognition of compensation based on the grant-date fair value ratably over the 2017 requisite service period and recorded approximately $140,000 in expense. Such expense is recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as a component of general and administrative expense.
 
 
F-34F-40
 
In January 2018,The Company periodically issues RSUs to certain employees which vest over time. When vested, each RSU represents the right to that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of RSUs granted. The grant date fair value for RSU’s is based upon the market price of the Company's Common Stock on the date of the grant. The fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term.
A summary of the activity related to RSUs is as follows:
 
 
RSU’s
 
 
Weighted-Average
Issuance Price
 
Balance at December 31, 2019
   
 $ 
Granted
  3,857,416 
 $0.15 
Expired/Cancelled
  (847,959)
 $0.17 
Vested
  (2,164,351)
 $0.14 
Balance at December 31, 2020
  845,106 
 $0.14 
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 324,000granted 708,916 RSUs to certain employees in exchange for options to purchase 1,417,832 shares of the Company’s Common Stock held by such employees. During the year ended December 31, 2020, 336,998 of these RSUs vested with the remainder of such RSUs vesting quarterly over a period of two years.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company agreed to grant 1,733,500 RSUs to certain officers and members of the Company’s Board of Directors in returnexchange for their service on the Board from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. Such options vest at the rateto purchase 3,467,000 shares of 27,000 options per month on the last day of each month during the 2018 year. The options have an exercise price of $1.75 per shareCommon Stock held by such officers and a term of 10 years. Pursuant to this issuance, the Company recorded compensation expense of approximately $320,000 duringdirectors. During the year ended December 31, 2018 based on2020, 1,000,684 of these RSUs vested with the grant-date fair valueremainder of such RSUs expiring unvested. At December 31, 2020, the Company had not issued 67,191 shares of its Common Stock pursuant to these vested RSUs.
The Company determined that the exchange agreements are a modification of a share-based payment award under ASC 718. Accordingly, the Company computed any incremental compensation expense as a component of the total compensation cost to be measured at the modification date. Aggregate incremental compensation expense measured from the modifications of stock options determined using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model.
was approximately $385,000.
 
In addition and unrelated to the aforementioned exchanges, the Company granted 500,000 RSUs on July 29, 2020 at a per share price of $0.13, granted 885,000 RSUs on November 13, 2020 at a per share price of $0.09 and granted 30,000 RSU’s on December 23, 2020 at a per share price of $0.07. During the year ended December 31, 2020, 826,676 of these RSUs vested with the remainder of the RSUs vesting at various dates over a two-year period. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has not issued the Common Stock shares pursuant to the vesting of the 826,669 shares.
Stock-based Compensation
 
Stock-based compensation related to equity options has been classified as follows in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Cost of revenue
 $19 
 $15 
 $13 
General and administrative
  840 
  655 
  550 
  347 
Sales and marketing
  216 
  220 
  163 
  148 
Research and development
  197 
  200 
  134 
  135 
    
    
Total
 $1,272 
 $1,094 
 $862 
 $643 
 
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
 
The following table summarizes the Common Stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2018:2020:
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Convertible preferred stock – Series A, Series A-1, Series B and Series CD
  42,626,029540,677,052 
Stock options outstanding
  7,227,2482,585,500
Restricted Stock Units
845,106 
Warrants outstanding
  1,813,856753,775 
Authorized for future grant under stock option plans
  730,67726,382,377 
 
16.  EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
 
During 1995, the Company adopted a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan (the “Plan”). All U.S. based employees aged 21 years and older are eligible to become participants after the completion of 60 day's employment. The Plan provides for annual contributions by the Company of 50% of employee contributions not to exceed 8% of employee compensation.  Effective April 1, 2009, the Plan was amended to provide for Company contributions on a discretionary basis. Participants may contribute up to 100% of the annual contribution limitations determined by the Internal Revenue Service.
 
Employees are fully vested in their share of the Company’s contributions after the completion of five years of service.  In 2017,2019, the Company authorized contributions of approximately $154,000$184,000 for the 20172019 plan year of which $115,000$138,000 were paid prior to December 31, 2017.2019. In 2018, the Company2020, there were no contributions authorized contributions of approximately $166,000 for the 2018 plan year of which $128,000 were paid prior to December 31, 2018.or made.
 
 
17.  PENSION PLAN
 
One of the Company’s dormant foreign subsidiaries maintains a defined benefit pension plan that provides benefits based on length of service and final average earnings. The following table sets forth the benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, and the funded status of the Company’s plan; amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements; and the assumptions used in determining the actuarial present value of the benefit obligations as of December 31:
 
($ in thousands)
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
Change in benefit obligation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 $3,830 
 $3,540 
 $3,969 
 $3,610 
Service cost
   
   
Interest cost
  72 
  64 
  52 
  70 
Actuarial (gain) loss
  (34)
  (167)
  113 
  436 
Effect of exchange rate changes
  (174)
  473 
  370 
  (67)
Effect of curtailment
   
   
Benefits paid
  (84)
  (80)
  (92)
  (80)
Benefit obligation at end of year
  3,610 
  3,830 
 $4,412 
 $3,969 
    
    
Change in plan assets:
    
    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
  1,806 
  1,645 
 $1,713 
 $1,734 
Actual return of plan assets
  82 
  7 
  92 
  80 
Company contributions
  13 
  12 
  10 
  12 
Benefits paid
  (84)
  (80)
  (92)
  (80)
Effect of exchange rate changes
  (83)
  222 
  158 
  (33)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
  1,734 
  1,806 
 $1,881 
 $1,713 
Funded status
  (1,876)
  (2,024)
 $(2,531)
 $(2,256)
Unrecognized actuarial loss (gain)
  1,542 
  1,629 
  1,702 
  1,778 
Unrecognized prior service (benefit) cost
   
   
Additional minimum liability
  (1,542)
  (1,629)
  (1,702)
  (1,778)
Unrecognized transition (asset) liability
   
   
Net amount recognized
 $(1,876)
 $(2,024)
 $(2,531)
 $(2,256)
    
    
Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
    
    
Service cost
 $ 
 $ 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations
  72 
  64 
  52 
  70 
Expected return on plan assets
  (56)
  (70)
  (55)
  (53)
Amortization of prior service costs
    
   
   
Amortization of actuarial loss
  102 
  104 
  117 
  92 
Net periodic benefit costs
 $118 
 $98 
 $114 
 $109 
    
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, were
    
Discount rate
  2.0%
  1.9%
Expected return on plan assets
  3.2%
Rate of pension increases
  2.0%
Rate of compensation increase
  N/A 
    
The following discloses information about the Company’s defined benefit pension plan that had an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31,
    
Projected benefit obligation
 $3,610 
 $3,830 
Accumulated benefit obligation
 $3,610 
 $3,830 
Fair value of plan assets
 $1,733 
 $1,806 
 
 
F-36F-42
 
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, were
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
  1.0%
  1.3%
Expected return on plan assets
  3.2%
  3.2%
Rate of pension increases
  2.0%
  2.0%
Rate of compensation increase
  N/A 
  N/A 
The following discloses information about the Company’s defined benefit pension plan that had an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
 $4,412 
 $3,969 
Accumulated benefit obligation
 $4,412 
 $3,969 
Fair value of plan assets
 $1,881 
 $1,713 
As of December 31, 2018,2020, the following benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows (in thousands):
 
2019
 $82 
2020
 $83 
2021
 $97 
 $100 
2022
 $99 
 $101 
2023
 $106 
 $108 
2024 — 2028
 $679 
2024
 $129 
2025
 $138 
2026 — 2030
 $750 
 
The Company made contributions to the plan of approximately $13,000$10,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, and $12,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017.2019. The company anticipates to makemaking contributions at similar levels during the next fiscal year.
 
In accordance with the Company’s adoption of ASU 2017-07, the components of net periodic pension expense is shown in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 under the caption “Other components of net periodic pension expense”.
The Company’s German pension plan is funded by insurance contract policies whereby the insurance company guarantees a fixed minimum return. The Company has determined that the pension assets are more appropriately classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using actuarial valuation methodologies which approximate cash surrender value. Accordingly, the Company has reclassified the classification level of the pension plan insurance contracts to Level 3 for all periods presented. Such pension plan insurance contracts were previously classified by the Company as Level 1. All plan assets are managed in a policyholder pool in Germany by outside investment managers. The investment manager is responsible for the investment strategy of the insurance premiums that Company submits and does not hold individual assets per participating employer. The German Federal Financial Supervisory oversees and supervises the insurance contracts.
 
The measurement date used to determine the benefit information of the plan was January 1, 2019.2021.
  
18.  ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss is the combination of the additional minimum liability related to the Company’s defined benefit pension plan, recognized pursuant to ASC 715-30, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans – Pension” and the accumulated gains or losses from foreign currency translation adjustments. The Company translates foreign currencies of its German, Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using the period end exchange rate. Revenue and expense were translated using the weighted-average exchange rates for the reporting period. All items are shown net of tax.
 
As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:
 
($ in thousands)
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional minimum pension liability
 $(1,144)
 $(1,353)
 $(1,553)
 $(1,456)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  (284)
  (311)
  (436)
  (285)
Ending balance
 $(1,428)
 $(1,664)
 $(1,989)
 $(1,741)
 
19.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
Subsequent to December 31, 2018,During the period from January 1, 2021 thru March 26, 2021 the Company issued 286,834an aggregate of 94,829,726 shares including 94,455,511 for  conversions of its Common Stockconvertible preferred stock, 242,647 for fees paid in stock, 131,168 pursuant to RSU vesting’s and 400 shares for the exercise of 286,834 options and received aggregate proceeds of approximately $106,000.warrants.
 
The Company undertook the following Corporate Actions which have been approved by written consent of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, on an as converted basis (the “Majority Shareholders”), following a recommendation that shareholders approve the Corporate Actions by our Board of Directors:

(i) An amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as Amended and Restated (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) to increase the total number of shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 1.0 billion shares to 2.0 billion shares (the “Charter Amendment”); and
(ii) An amendment to the Company’s 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan by 120.0 million shares, from 25.0 million shares to 145.0 million shares (the “Plan Amendment”).
 
F-37F-43